Positioning device for secondary cutting tools on a shredding device including overload protection

Abstract

Positioning device for secondary cutting tools on a shredding device for compostable material, in particular for plant waste and wood, wherein the shredding device comprises at least - a working cylinder (5) rotating in a predetermined direction (R), on the outer surface of which primary cutting tools (7) are arranged which rotate with the rotation, and - a carrier (11) for secondary cutting tools (10), on which the secondary cutting tools (10) are arranged resting relative to the primary cutting tools (7), - and has an overload protection, and in which - the material is crushed between the primary cutting tools (7) and the secondary cutting tools (10), characterized in that the carrier (12; 11, 13, 14) for the secondary cutting tools (10) is supported on at least one support unit (16) such that the secondary cutting tools (10) are positioned in the working position, and the support unit (16) has two pivotally arranged support arms (17, 18).

Description

The invention relates to a comminution device for compostable material, in particular for vegetable waste and waste from old wood, such as pallets, construction wood and similar materials, comprising a working cylinder rotating in a predetermined direction, on the lateral surface of which primary cutting tools rotating with the rotation are arranged, and a cutting tool carrier on which secondary cutting tools resting relative to the primary cutting tools are arranged, so that the material is comminuted between the primary and secondary cutting tools, which has a pivotably arranged cutting tool carrier and overload protection.Comminution devices of this type are known in different embodiments. They have working cylinders, also referred to as rotors or rollers, on the lateral surfaces of which are arranged radially outwardly directed chopping knives, teeth, spikes, spikes or other working tools, which rotate with the working cylinder and in the process the material to be comminuted, which is supplied to the working cylinder, in cooperation with counter-tools / secondary cutting tools which are stationary relative thereto.These tools are provided with cutters or cutter-shaped cuts which act in a splitting manner on the material supplied for comminution. Among these, tools are known which are designed for rigid attachment on the lateral surface of the working cylinder and are provided exclusively with cutting edges which, due to the predetermined orientation of the tool on the working cylinder, always point in the direction of rotation thereof, are thus constantly in engagement with the material during operation of the device and are subject to wear.The working cylinder is usually surrounded in the section between the inlet region and the outlet region of the material by a circular arc-shaped jacket arranged at a distance, so that a comminution channel is formed downstream of the at least one first secondary cutting tool. As a rule, a row of first secondary cutting tools is arranged at least along a surface line lying parallel to the axis of rotation of the working cylinder. The said circular arc-shaped jacket is designed as a support and / or screen body. Often, further secondary cutting tools are provided on this support and / or screen body.Since the material to be comminuted that is supplied is in different mixtures, the conveying speed of the supply device in the cargo space is adapted to the respective material mixture. This adaptation is however more or less successful. On the one hand, this depends on the experience of the machine operator or on the other hand on the monitoring technique used. Finally, experience shows that the build-up of material in the entry region is not always avoidable.As a result of this build-up of material, overloading of the cutting tools, of the working cylinder, of further components in this region and of the drive assemblies can occur. Because of the down times caused by this, the economic reliability of such comminution devices suffers.In order that such a malfunction does not arise, overload protection devices are provided on known comminution devices, for example in the case of a comminution device according to DE 42 08 574 A1, or in the case of a device for comminution of compostable material according to DE 10 2010 014 797 A1, or in the case of a device according to EP 1 371 420 A1, with which a pivot drive for a screen is disclosed, which moves the screens downward by means of hydraulic cylinder-piston units about a horizontal pivot axis on the upper longitudinal edge of the screen frame, or in the case of a comminution machine according to DE 299 10 772 U1, which has a pivot drive for the carrier of the fixed, comb-like arranged teeth, which positions the carrier supportingly in the working position and, in the event of an overload, swivels the carrier together with its fixed teeth away from the rotating teeth of the rotor, so that the comminution channel formed between these teeth is opened, i.e. enlarged, from its end, as is also provided in the aforementioned device according to EP 1 371 420 A1.However, experience also shows here that there is a further need for improvement in the known comminution devices with overload protection, in particular with regard to a more rapid reaction to critical working situations and / or the production costs.On this basis, the object of the invention is to design a comminution device of the generic type in such a way that the disadvantages mentioned are avoided, but at least substantially reduced.This object is achieved by a positioning device for secondary cutting tools on a comminution device together with an overload protection having the features of claim 1; the subordinate claims disclose further embodiment variants of the invention.The core of the invention is that the inventor has recognized that with the previously used energy stores for the pivot mechanism, the carrier of the secondary cutters does not remain constant as the opening movement of the carrier of the secondary cutters continues, i.e. the travel of the secondary cutters away from the circle of flight of the primary cutters, the preset limit value to be overcome, i.e. the predefined and acting limit torque, but rather increases steadily upon opening.Therefore, the invention proposes that the carrier of the secondary cutting tools, at least that of the first or the first row of secondary cutting tools, is positioned on a specially designed support unit for its working position, wherein this novel support unit is, in terms of construction, an expanding lever.This support unit is preferably arranged on both sides of the carrier, in particular outside the housing of the comminution device delimiting the loading space and the entry region. The carrier rests with support pins arranged on both sides of it on sections of the support unit.According to the invention, this support unit simultaneously forms the overload protection.In a special structural embodiment, the support unit is a detent, a limit force locking mechanism, advantageously in the form of a detent locking mechanism.The support pin or pins of the carrier of the secondary cutting tools resting on the support unit are not prevented from moving by this support. A limit torque is set on the support unit by means of a force accumulator. If the operationally acting forces, in particular the torque acting on the pivotably mounted carrier exceed the limit torque of opening support arms of the support unit arranged in the form of legs only by such a distance which is slightly greater than the diameter of the support pins of the carrier. Due to this structural design, the pivot mechanism reacts very quickly to an overload.Almost simultaneously, i.e. after passing the lock formed by the special support arms, the support arms return to their initial position and form a holding mechanism. With this holding mechanism, the lowering of the carrier, due to its own weight and the forces acting between the cutting tools due to work, is permitted up to a desired point and at the same time its lifting, which would lead to a reduction of the gap formed between the cutting tools, is prevented.After elimination of the circumstances which generate the overload, the carrier is raised again by means of lifting cylinders which are preferably arranged on both sides and are operatively connected to the supporting pins of the carrier, until the secondary cutting tools are again in their working position. The support pins then rest again on the support arms of the support unit.In a preferred embodiment variant, the support unit consists of two support arms arranged at a distance from one another. On the foot side, the support arms are pivotably held. On the head side, support shoulders are formed. The support pins rest on these support shoulders. Between the head region and the foot region of the support arms, a support wall is provided on the same. These support walls are spaced apart from each other. Between them, a spacer delimits a minimum distance.Arranged on the support walls and guided through the same is a force accumulator, which in a special embodiment consists of two compression springs mounted coaxially on a guide bolt. At one end, each compression spring is supported on one of the support walls and at the other end on a respective spring plate which is fastened at the end side to the guide bolt. In a preferred embodiment, one of the two spring plates is axially adjustable, so that the distance between the two supporting spring plates can be reduced or increased, whereby the force generated by the springs can be adjusted.Further features and advantages of the invention are evident from the claims and the following description, in which a preferred, non-limiting exemplary embodiment of the subject matter of the invention is explained in more detail on the basis of drawings with schematic representations. The following are shown: FIG. 1 shows a novel comminution device in schematic side view with the positioning device according to the invention; FIG. 2 shows details of the novel positioning device in a cross-sectional illustration; FIG. 3 shows details of the novel positioning device in a further cross-sectional illustration, and FIG. 4 shows a third cross-sectional illustration with further details of the novel positioning deviceThe reference numerals referred to in the figures each have the same meaning, even if they are not expressly mentioned with respect to each figure in the description of the embodiments.The description of the non-limiting exemplary embodiment first arises for carrying out a search for the relevant prior art documents to be considered-from the claims in conjunction with the figures and the associated list of reference numerals, and also from the preceding description of the subject matter of the invention.The invention is not limited to the illustrated and described embodiments, but rather also encompasses, in particular, variants which can be formed by combination of features or elements described in connection with the present invention. Furthermore, individual features or functionalities shown and described in connection with the figures can represent an independent invention on their own. The applicant reserves the right to claim features of importance to the invention that have been disclosed even further up to now only in the description, in particular in connection with the figures. The claims filed with the application are thus only suggested formulations without prejudicative for achieving further patent protection.All features mentioned in the above description and also those disclosed solely from the drawings are further constituent parts of the invention, even if they are not particularly emphasized and mentioned in the claims.Reference Number Table:1 Comminution device 2 Housing / frame 3 Loading space 4 Feed device 5 Working cylinders (rotor) 6 Rotational axis 7 Primary cutting tools 8 Entry region 9 Exit region / ejection device 10 Secondary cutting tools 11 Carrier for secondary cutting tools 10 12 First subsection of Pos. 11 13 second subsection of Pos. 11 14 third subsection of Pos. 11 15 Support pins at Pos. 12 16 support unit 17 right support arm 171 support shoulder 172 hub 173 support wall 174 support shoulder 18 left support arm 181 support shoulder 182 hub 183 support wall 184 support shoulder 19 energy store 191 compression spring 192 compression spring 193 guide bolt 20 spacer 21 pivot pin 22 pivot pin 23 axis of symmetry of pos. 16 24 Swivel movement of Pos.12 25 Swivel axis for Pos. 12 26 lifting cylinder 27 connecting pin 28 joint at pos. 11 29 Joint to Pos. 11A Distance between the support shoulders 171 and 181D Diameter of Pos. 15R Rotation direction

Claims

Positioning device for secondary cutting tools on a comminution device for compostable material, in particular for vegetable waste and wood, wherein the comminution device has at least - a working cylinder (5) rotating in a predetermined direction (R), on the lateral surface of which primary cutting tools (7) rotating with the rotation are arranged, and - a carrier (11) for secondary cutting tools (10), on which the secondary cutting tools (10) are arranged in a stationary manner relative to the primary cutting tools (7), - and an overload protection device, and in which - the material between the primary cutting tools (7) and the secondary cutting tools (10) is comminuted, characterized in that the carrier (12; 11, 13, 14) for the secondary cutting tools (10) are supported on at least one support unit (16) in such a way that the secondary cutting tools (10) are positioned in the working position, and the support unit (16) has two supporting arms (17, 18) arranged pivotably.Positioning device according to claim 1, characterised in that a respective support unit (16) is arranged on both sides of the carrier (12; 11, 13, 14) for the secondary cutting tools (10).Positioning device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that each support unit (16) is a lock in which a respective support pin of the carrier (12; 11, 13, 14) rests.Positioning device according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that each support unit (16) has a force store (19), by means of which parts of the support unit are held at a distance from one another in a predetermined position, by means of which a limiting torque for overload protection of the carrier (12; 11, 13, 14) is fixed in conjunction with the force set at the force store.Crushing device for compostable material, in particular for vegetable waste and wood, characterized bya positioning device having at least the features according to claim 1 or / and 2 or / and 3 or / and 4.

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