Device for the production of particles

Abstract

Device (PR) for producing particles (P) from at least one raw material (RM), comprising - at least one burner (1) and a combustion chamber (2) adjoining the burner (1) for generating a pulsating hot gas flow (HGS), - a reaction chamber section downstream of a material input (5) and - at least one temperature control device (TV1) for temperature control of the hot gas stream (HGS) with a temperature control section (10) and a housing (9) which completely encloses a reaction chamber or the reaction chamber section (5) in such a way that a housing interior (9.3) is formed between the housing (9) and the temperature control section (10), wherein the housing (9) comprises a connection through which a temperature control medium (TM) can be supplied into the housing interior (9.3), and wherein a plurality of elements (10.n) are arranged distributed over the circumference of the reaction chamber or reaction chamber section (5) through which the temperature control medium (TM) can be introduced into and mixed with the hot gas stream (HGS) in the reaction chamber or reaction chamber section (5), and / or - at least one temperature control device (TV2) for heat transfer between at least two device sections (PR1 to PRn), wherein the temperature control device (TV2) comprises at least one temperature control section (8) which is thermally coupled to the device sections (PR1 to PRn) for heat transfer and comprises an interior space (8.2, 8.2') to which at least one temperature control medium (TM) can be supplied for heat transfer, which can be guided along the at least two device sections (PR1 to PRn), and wherein the temperature control section (8) completely surrounds the respective device section (PR1 to PRn) and a shape of the temperature control section (8) corresponds to a shape of the respective device section (PR1 to PRn), and wherein the temperature control section (8) - at least one feed element (8.3) for supplying the temperature control medium (TM) and - at least one discharge element (8.4) for discharging the temperature control medium (TM) to the flow-inlet end of the combustion chamber (2), the burner (1) or into the reaction chamber section (5) and wherein the discharge element (8.4) is fluidically coupled to the flow-inlet end of the combustion chamber (2), the burner (1) or to the reaction chamber section (5), whereby the discharged temperature control medium (TM) can be introduced into the flow-inlet end of the combustion chamber (2), the burner (1) or into the reaction chamber section (5).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a device for the production of particles, in particular fine particles, such as nanoscale or nanocrystalline particles.

[0002] Such particles typically have a mean grain size of 10 nm to a few millimeters.

[0003] Atoms or molecules that are part of a surface have different electronic and chemical properties than atoms or molecules in the interior of the material. The smaller a particle is, the higher its proportion of surface atoms. Accordingly, very finely divided materials, especially nanoparticles, can have completely different mechanical, electronic, chemical, or optical properties than chemically and mineralogically identical larger particles, making them particularly interesting for specific applications.

[0004] The following manufacturing processes have become established for the production of finely divided powders: chemical synthesis in solutions (e.g., sol-gel method), plasma synthesis, or gas-phase synthesis (aerosol process). Depending on the application of the nanoparticles, a precisely defined and narrow particle size distribution is usually required. Depending on the chemical nature of the desired nanoparticles, one process or another is better suited to achieving a good result. Solution-based or self-organizing processes usually yield the best results, but are difficult or even impossible to implement on an industrial scale.

[0005] Pulsation reactors for the production of finely divided powders are known from WO 02 / 072 471 A2, DE 10 2004 044 266 A1, DE 10 2008 006 607 A1, and DE 10 2006 046 806 A1. A vibrating firing system for generating a pulsating hot gas flow is known from DE 10 2016 005 155 A1.

[0006] The invention is based on the objective of providing an improved device for the production of particles, in particular fine particles such as nanoscale or nanocrystalline particles.

[0007] The problem is solved according to the invention by a device having the features of claim 1.

[0008] Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0009] The device for producing particles, in particular fine particles such as nanoscale or nanocrystalline particles, for example with a mean particle size of 10 nm to a few millimeters, from at least one raw material, comprises at least one burner and a combustion chamber adjoining the burner for generating a pulsating hot gas stream.The device further comprises a reaction chamber section downstream of a material feed, for example a resonance tube, and at least one temperature control device for temperature control of the hot gas stream, comprising a temperature control section and a housing that completely encloses a reaction chamber or the reaction chamber section such that an interior space is formed between the housing and the temperature control section. The housing includes a connection through which a temperature control medium can be supplied to the interior space, and a plurality of elements are arranged distributed around the circumference of the reaction chamber or the reaction chamber section, through which the temperature control medium can be introduced into and mixed with the hot gas stream in the reaction chamber or the reaction chamber section. Alternatively or additionally, at least one temperature control device for heat transfer between at least two device sections is arranged.The temperature control device comprises at least one temperature control section, which is thermally coupled to the device sections for heat transfer and includes an interior space into which at least one temperature control medium can be supplied for heat transfer and which can be guided along the at least two device sections. The temperature control section completely surrounds the respective device section, and the shape of the temperature control section corresponds to the shape of the respective device section.The temperature control section comprises at least one feed element for supplying the temperature control medium and at least one discharge element for discharging the temperature control medium to the flow-inlet end of the combustion chamber, burner, or into the reaction chamber section, wherein the discharge element is fluidically coupled to the flow-inlet end of the combustion chamber, burner, or the reaction chamber section, allowing the discharged temperature control medium to be introduced into the flow-inlet end of the combustion chamber, burner, or the reaction chamber section. In particular, the combustion chamber and / or the reaction chamber section each form one or both of the device sections.

[0010] By means of the temperature control device for the hot gas stream, hereinafter referred to as the first temperature control device, it is possible to set the temperature of the hot gas stream within the reaction chamber. In particular, cooling of the hot gas stream and thus a reduction of the treatment temperature for particle production can be set or regulated. Therefore, at least one temperature control medium can be uniformly circulated around the temperature control section within the housing, i.e., in an interior space formed between the housing and the temperature control section. The temperature control section can be designed as a cooling segment. The temperature control medium is a gaseous medium. For example, air can be used as the temperature control medium.Since the temperature of the hot gas stream, for example before or after the introduction of raw material into the reaction chamber, is an important control parameter for processes taking place within the reaction chamber, the temperature control device allows for simple and location-specific regulation of the temperature for particle production using the hot gas stream temperature control device. Furthermore, a thermal treatment process can be set or adapted to a specific raw material mixture.

[0011] By means of the temperature control device for heat transfer between at least two device sections, hereinafter referred to as the second temperature control device, it is possible to set the temperature acting on the device sections. In particular, cooling of one device section and preheating of another device section and / or a process medium supplied to the other device section can be set or regulated. This allows, in particular, the power loss, especially heat loss, of the device sections to be largely reduced. The temperature control device regulates the temperature, in particular cooling, of one of the device sections, for example by extracting heat from the device section. At the same time, the temperature control device is provided for preheating another device section and for thermal insulation of the respective device sections.This allows for the generation of a largely constant temperature within a reaction chamber, particularly within a reaction chamber section, whereby the constant temperature during the residence time improves the particle production process. For example, device sections, especially the walls of the respective device sections, can heat up due to a process carried out within the device sections, such as generating the hot gas stream and producing the particles. This heating of the device sections can negatively affect the service life and the process treatment. The temperature control device is specifically designed to increase the service life and improve the process treatment, particularly of the combustion chamber and / or the reaction chamber section, which may be designed, for example, as a resonance tube.Because the temperature control section completely surrounds the respective device section and its shape corresponds to that of the device section, the desired temperature of specific areas of the device can be adjusted. Furthermore, the temperature control section can be installed even in confined spaces.

[0012] Nanoscale particles produced in the device described above are understood to be, in particular, particles in the nano range according to DIN SPEC 1121 (DIN ISO / TS 27687) that have, for example, grain or particle sizes in the range of 10 nm to 120 nm, especially in the range of 20 nm to 100 nm, for example, from 40 nm to 80 nm. Nanocrystalline particles produced in the device described above are understood to be, in particular, particles whose grain is formed from several small crystals and have a grain or particle size of a few millimeters, especially less than 8 mm, and especially less than 5 mm or 3 mm. Fine particles can also be understood to be nanocrystalline particles with a particle size of < 20 µm.Furthermore, it can be understood that nanoparticles, especially so-called nanoscale particles, refer to particle sizes in the nanometer range, with nanocrystalline particles being comparatively larger. Nanocrystalline particles are characterized, for example, by a polycrystalline structure in which the crystals can have size arrangements in the nanometer range. These materials can also exhibit differentiated properties. In particular, both types of particles can be produced depending on the input material.

[0013] The raw material is typically supplied as a solid, for example, as an impregnated solid. This could be, for instance, a fine powder with or without a coating. Alternatively, the raw material can be supplied as a solution or suspension. In this case, the raw material is introduced as a solution or suspension, for example, into the combustion chamber.

[0014] The reaction space refers in particular to the volume of the plant or reactor space, such as pipe, container and / or conduit volume, from the point where the raw material is introduced until the material is cooled before the produced particles are separated or filtered.

[0015] The first temperature control device is designed in the form of a hot gas quench system.

[0016] The first temperature control device comprises, in conjunction with the housing, at least one inlet opening and at least one outlet opening for the pulsating hot gas flow, and at least one feed element attached to the housing with an opening through which a temperature control medium can flow. The temperature control section arranged in the housing is connected to the reaction chamber or reaction chamber section in the region of the inlet opening and the outlet opening, respectively. The first temperature control device is connected to the reaction chamber or reaction chamber section by a material, force, and / or form-fit connection. For example, both the housing and the temperature control section are cylindrical, in particular tubular. In particular, both a shape of the housing and a shape of the temperature control section correspond to a shape of the reaction chamber or reaction chamber section.

[0017] For example, temperature control in the direction of flow can take place before material feeding or after material separation.

[0018] The housing of the first temperature control device has a larger cross-section than the reaction chamber or reaction chamber section and the temperature control section. Furthermore, the housing is made of metal, for example, formed from a sheet of metal, for example, rolled.

[0019] The temperature control section of the first temperature control device comprises a plurality of elements distributed around the circumference of the reaction chamber or reaction chamber section, through which the temperature control medium can be introduced into and mixed with the hot gas stream in the reaction chamber or reaction chamber section. In one possible embodiment of the device, the elements are through-openings; in particular, the temperature control section is at least partially perforated. The number or plurality, arrangement, shape, and size of the through-openings formed in the temperature control section can vary depending on the treatment process and the desired treatment temperature. The perforated temperature control section promotes turbulence of the pulsating hot gas stream within the housing as the hot gas stream flows through the temperature control section. This, in particular, results in better mixing of the raw materials or...This enables the mixing of raw materials during the raw material feeding process and the temperature control medium. Furthermore, the specific heat output of the hot gas stream is reduced. The resulting cooling, for example, alters the vibration behavior, which can improve the treatment of manufactured particles.

[0020] According to one possible embodiment of the device, the temperature control section of the first temperature control device comprises a plurality of elements projecting into the interior of a housing for conveying a temperature control medium introduced into the housing interior into the temperature control section. In particular, the elements are tubular and designed as conduit elements. Each conduit element serves to convey the gaseous temperature control medium, with which the housing is supplied, into the temperature control section and thus into the reaction chamber. The temperature control medium causes the hot gas stream to cool both inside and outside the temperature control section. The temperature control medium then flows with the substantially cooled hot gas stream in the direction of flow within the reaction chamber. The cross-section, shape, and dimensions, especially the length, of each conduit element can vary.

[0021] The majority of the elements are substantially spaced apart from one another and arranged radially around the temperature control section and within the housing interior. This arrangement of the ducting elements, in particular, enables a largely uniform temperature control of the hot gas flow.

[0022] The cross-section of the temperature control section and that of the reaction chamber or reaction chamber section are the same size.

[0023] To enable simple and reliable temperature control of the hot gas stream, the housing of the first temperature control device includes at least one opening for supplying the temperature control medium to the device. The temperature control medium is at least a gas or gas mixture and / or air. Temperature control using the gas mixture and / or air allows for simple temperature control of the hot gas stream without affecting the treatment process due to the temperature control medium.

[0024] The temperature control section of the first temperature control device and the reaction chamber or reaction chamber section are designed as a single component. A section of the reaction chamber or reaction chamber section may be perforated. Alternatively or additionally, the conduit elements are arranged in the area of ​​the perforations or in the area of ​​through-openings formed in a wall of the temperature control section. For example, the conduit elements are attached to the wall of the temperature control section by means of a material-fit, force-fit, and / or form-fit connection. For example, the conduit elements are inserted into the through-openings and / or connected to the temperature control section by means of a rivet, clip, screw, and / or adhesive connection. Furthermore, the conduit elements can be welded to the wall of the temperature control section in the area of ​​the through-openings.The housing is arranged around this section of the reaction chamber or reaction chamber segment and connected to the reaction chamber or reaction chamber segment at the inlet and outlet openings of the housing by means of a force-fit, material-fit, and / or form-fit connection. For example, the reaction chamber or reaction chamber segment is inserted through the inlet and outlet openings of the housing or welded in the area of ​​the respective inlet and / or outlet opening. Furthermore, the reaction chamber or reaction chamber segment can be connected to the housing in the area of ​​the respective inlet and / or outlet opening by means of a screw, clip, adhesive, and / or rivet connection. By forming the temperature control section directly adjacent to the section of the reaction chamber or reaction chamber segment, at least some assembly effort and the number of assembly parts can be reduced.

[0025] If the first temperature control device, including the housing and a separate temperature control section, is designed as a single component, the reaction chamber or reaction chamber section can be divided or disassembled into two parts, for example, at the specified point. The temperature control device is then positioned as a separate component between the separated reaction chamber sections and connected to the reaction chamber or reaction chamber section. This simplifies, for example, the replacement and repair of the temperature control device.

[0026] According to another possible embodiment, a movable temperature control section of the first temperature control device along the flow direction of the hot gas stream allows for the deliberate influence or termination of the particle treatment and production process. This enables, for example, different residence times in the hot gas stream at high temperature.

[0027] The temperature control section of the second temperature control device comprises at least one feed element for supplying the temperature control medium and at least one discharge element for discharging the temperature control medium, for example to the flow-inlet end of the combustion chamber, the burner, or into the reaction chamber section. For example, the feed element and the discharge element are each a conduit element.

[0028] In a possible further development, the discharge element is a through-opening formed in a wall of the temperature control section facing the reaction chamber section. The reaction chamber section includes an opening corresponding to the through-opening of the temperature control section of the second temperature control device. This allows the heat extracted from the hot zone of the device section to be used to temperature control the hot gas flowing through the reaction chamber section. In particular, this enables a largely constant process temperature for particle production, a reduction in energy losses, and thus a more efficient process.

[0029] Furthermore, the temperature control medium can be introduced at the flow-inlet end of the combustion chamber, specifically into the burner and subsequently into the combustion chamber. The temperature control medium can be used to preheat the combustion gas, for example, as a preheated oxygen component, thus achieving a higher initial temperature. Preheating the combustion gas results in a significantly higher combustion temperature and therefore a hotter combustion flame in the combustion chamber. This improves the reaction process of the particles in the hot gas stream.

[0030] In another possible embodiment of the device, the temperature control medium is used to transfer heat to the exhaust gas stream. This allows the exhaust gas temperature to be maintained above the dew point of the substances it contains, regardless of the settings. In one embodiment, the temperature control medium is fed directly into the exhaust gas stream, while in another embodiment, it is routed through a double-walled exhaust gas duct.

[0031] The temperature control section of the second temperature control device and the device sections are designed as a double-walled or multi-walled component, with at least one interior space formed between an outer and inner wall of the component, in which the temperature control medium flows towards the downstream device section. This allows for simple and adjustable adaptation of the device section to be temperature controlled. Furthermore, the dimensions of the interior space can be configured, for example, depending on the fill quantity or flow rate of the temperature control medium.

[0032] A further development of the device provides that the multi-walled component includes at least one additional interior space through which the temperature control medium flows to the flow-inlet end of the combustion chamber or into the reaction chamber section. The interior space can be adjusted, for example, to a discharge velocity, discharge volume, and / or a desired turbulence of the temperature control medium. In particular, a circulation system can be created using the component, which is designed as a double-walled or multi-walled structure.

[0033] In another possible embodiment of the device, the temperature control medium supplied to the temperature control section of the second temperature control device cools, in particular cools, a high-temperature area of ​​an upstream device section and flows towards a device section downstream of the upstream device section. In doing so, the temperature control medium cools, in particular heats, a low-temperature area of ​​the downstream device section.

[0034] In a possible further development of the device, the temperature control medium of the second temperature control device is a gas mixture and / or air. For example, ambient air can be used. Furthermore, a gas mixture can be used which contains a suitable component for particle production that can be supplied to the combustion chamber or reaction chamber.

[0035] In one possible embodiment of the device, the combustion chamber and the reaction chamber section are double-walled. A temperature control medium, such as air, flows between an inner and an outer wall. The temperature control medium is introduced into the hot double wall of the combustion chamber, for example, at ambient temperature. As the temperature control medium draws heat from the combustion chamber and is heated, it flows towards the reaction chamber section. The hot temperature control medium then flows through the double wall of the reaction chamber section and releases heat there. This increases the service life of the combustion chamber and simultaneously minimizes heat losses in the reaction chamber section. The treatment temperature is thus more uniform along the length of the reaction space, in this case, specifically along the length of the combustion chamber and the reaction chamber section designed as a resonance tube.It is also possible to direct the hot temperature control medium into the reaction chamber section itself after heating it at the combustion chamber.

[0036] In another possible embodiment of the device, the temperature control medium is supplied to the double wall either at the end of the reaction chamber section or between the combustion chamber and the reaction chamber section. The temperature control medium heats up within the double wall as it draws heat from the corresponding component. The hot temperature control medium is then supplied, for example, to the burner as primary air for combustion. This increases the service life of the combustion chamber and allows for a higher combustion temperature with the same fuel input. This design significantly improves the efficiency of the device.

[0037] Alternatively or additionally, the already heated temperature control medium is used to maintain the exhaust gas pipe at a temperature above the dew point of the substances contained within it. In this case, the exhaust gas pipe is double-walled and / or the temperature control medium is fed into the exhaust gas.

[0038] To adjust the flow of the temperature control medium, the device, in one possible configuration, includes corresponding valves and lines through which a flow of the temperature control medium can be directed. This allows the user to decide, as needed, for which function(s) the flow of the temperature control medium is used. This also enables switching or changing the flow of the temperature control medium during operation of the device.

[0039] Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to drawings.

[0040] It shows: Fig. 1 schematically a device for the production of particles with a temperature control device, Fig. 2 schematically a first embodiment of a temperature control section of the temperature control device, Fig. 3 schematically a second embodiment of a temperature control section of the temperature control device, Fig. 4A and Fig. 4B schematically further embodiments of a temperature control section of the temperature control device, Fig. 5 schematically a device for the production of particles with a temperature control device, Fig. 6 schematically a perspective view of a temperature control device and Fig. Figure 7 schematically shows another embodiment of the temperature control device.

[0041] Corresponding parts are marked with the same reference symbols in all figures.

[0042] Fig. Figure 1 shows a device PR, in particular a thermal reactor for the production of fine particles P, especially nanoscale or nanocrystalline particles P. For example, the particles P produced from at least one raw material RM have a mean particle or grain size of less than 10 nm to a few millimeters in the final product.

[0043] The thermal reactor is designed as a pulsation reactor in which particles P are formed in a pulsating, oscillating hot gas stream HGS. For this purpose, the thermal reactor comprises a burner 1 and a combustion chamber 2 connected to the burner 1 for generating the pulsating hot gas stream HGS. Combustion gases VG and at least one fuel BS are introduced into the burner 1, either together or separately, via a feed 3, and from there into the combustion chamber 2.

[0044] The fuel used in the BS process is primarily a flammable gas, such as hydrogen. Alternatively, another suitable gas can be used as fuel.

[0045] Ambient air, oxygen, etc., are used as the combustion gas VG. The supplied combustion gases VG and fuels BS are ignited, for example, in combustion chamber 2. The resulting flame pulsates due to a self-excited, periodic-unsteady combustion and generates a pulsating hot gas flow HGS in combustion chamber 2. The pulsating hot gas flow HGS flows from the combustion chamber 2 outlet side into a reaction chamber section 5, for example, a resonance tube.

[0046] In detail, the fuel BS and the necessary combustion gas VG are fed together, for example premixed, or separately via burner 1 into combustion chamber 2 and ignited there. The fuel BS and combustion gas VG then burn very rapidly, generating a pressure wave towards reaction chamber section 5, for example, towards a resonance tube. The pressure wave propagates due to the lower flow resistance towards reaction chamber section 5. During the acoustic oscillation, the pressure in combustion chamber 2 is reduced, allowing fresh fuel gas mixture or fresh fuel BS and combustion gas VG to flow in. This process of inflow, driven by pressure fluctuations, occurs periodically and is self-regulating. The pulsating combustion process in combustion chamber 2 generates the pulsating hot gas flow HGS, which is characterized by a high degree of turbulence.The high flow turbulence and the constantly changing flow velocity prevent the formation of an insulating gas layer (boundary layer) around the particles P formed from the raw material RM, especially a raw material mixture. This allows for higher heat transfer and mass transport (between the raw material and the hot gas), meaning a faster reaction at comparatively lower temperatures. Typically, the residence time is less than one second to a few seconds. Furthermore, a particularly large proportion of the formed particles P achieve the desired spherical shape. The rapid reaction also leads to a high proportion of lattice defects (for example, a nanocrystalline form) during the formation of the solid phase of the particles P, and consequently to high reactivity of the produced particles P.To separate the particles P as a reaction product from the hot gas stream HGS, a suitable separation device 7 for fine particles P or fine particles is connected to the reaction chamber at least indirectly, for example by means of an outlet line A.

[0047] The frequency of the pulsating hot gas flow (HGS) is in the Hertz range, specifically in the range of a few Hertz, for example, greater than 5 Hz, and particularly greater than 50 Hz, for example, in the range of 5 Hz to 350 Hz. Parameters of the hot gas flow (HGS), such as the amplitude and / or frequency of the oscillation, are adjustable. This can be achieved via combustion parameters such as fuel quantity, air quantity, air temperature, fuel temperature and / or flame temperature, the location of the fuel / air injection, and / or via proportions and / or changes to these parameters in combustion chamber 2, burner 1, and / or the reaction chamber.

[0048] The reaction chamber section 5 is designed, for example, as a resonance tube that connects directly to the combustion chamber 2. The combustion chamber 2 is designed as a combustion chamber whose dimensions, in particular its diameter, are larger than the dimensions, in particular the diameter, of the reaction chamber section 5.

[0049] For example, combustion chamber 2 and reaction chamber section 5 are arranged essentially perpendicular to each other and offset from each other in the longitudinal direction X. Alternatively, combustion chamber 2 can be arranged essentially vertically and reaction chamber section 5 horizontally to combustion chamber 2. However, any other suitable arrangement is also possible.

[0050] An arc element can be arranged between the combustion chamber 2 and the reaction chamber section 5, which connects the combustion chamber 2 and the reaction chamber section 5 in terms of fluid flow.

[0051] Furthermore, at least one feed point AO1 is provided for the feed of raw material RM, hereinafter referred to as raw material feed. For example, raw materials RM in the form of solid, gaseous and / or liquid raw materials and / or raw material mixtures, as a raw material solution or raw material dispersion, can be introduced in the area of ​​an inlet line E and / or in a bend section of the bend element.

[0052] The reaction chamber section 5 can optionally be widened relative to the inlet line E and an outlet line A for the hot gas flow HGS.

[0053] Alternatively or additionally, the raw material RM can be introduced into the combustion chamber 2 and / or into the adjoining reaction chamber section 5, in particular into the resonance tube. For this purpose, the device PR can have further feed points AO2 to AOn in the area of ​​the combustion chamber 2, in particular at the flow inlet end, and / or along the reaction chamber section 5.

[0054] In one possible embodiment, the raw material RM is introduced at the upper end of the combustion chamber 2, in particular at the transition from combustion chamber 2 to the reaction chamber section 5. For example, the raw material RM is introduced into the hot gas stream HGS in the flow direction R and parallel to it.

[0055] If the raw material RM, especially a solution or suspension, is introduced directly into combustion chamber 2, combustion chamber 2 itself can form a reaction chamber. Generally, combustion and the generation of the pulsating hot gas stream HGS take place in combustion chamber 2. In contrast, combustion of the fuel BS typically does not occur in reaction chamber section 5. However, it is also possible to introduce additional fuel BS and / or combustion gas VG as an intermediate combustion, particularly at the inlet of reaction chamber section 5, and thus in the region of the upper end of combustion chamber 2. It is also possible to introduce raw material RM into combustion chamber 2 from the burner side. In this case, combustion chamber 2 also forms a reaction chamber, as material is processed there as well.

[0056] The separation device 7 is indirectly connected downstream of the reaction chamber section 5 via the outlet line A. The raw material RM is conveyed and transported to the separation device 7 via the hot gas stream HGS through the reaction chamber section 5, forming particles P. The separation device 7 is, for example, a centrifugal separator and / or gravity separator and / or a filter, in particular a hot gas filter. The manufactured particles P are separated from the separation device 7.

[0057] As the previous description makes clear, the combustion temperature inside the combustion chamber 2 for generating the hot gas stream HGS and the temperature inside the reaction chamber section 5 are important control variables for processes taking place inside the device PR, in particular for setting a process temperature of the pulsating hot gas stream HGS.

[0058] In order to always achieve a high efficiency of the device PR and to adapt the device PR to different applications and to enable different operating modes of the same, the device PR comprises at least a temperature control device TV2 for heat transfer, in particular transfer of a quantity of heat Q, between at least two device sections PR1 to PRn.

[0059] In the illustrated embodiment, the device PR comprises a temperature control device TV2 arranged in the region of the combustion chamber 2 and the reaction chamber section 5. For example, the combustion chamber 2 forms a device section PR1 to be temperature controlled, and the reaction chamber section 5 forms a device section PR2 to be temperature controlled. Alternatively or additionally, the combustion chamber 2 and the reaction chamber section 5 can each comprise two or more device sections PR1 to PRn to be temperature controlled.

[0060] The temperature control device TV2 comprises a temperature control section 8, which is thermally coupled to the device sections PR1 to PRn for heat transfer. In a further development, the temperature control section 8 extends only in the area of ​​the combustion chamber 2 or only in the area of ​​the reaction chamber section 5 for adjustable temperature control of the desired device sections PR1 to PRn. In particular, the temperature control section 8 comprises a wall 2.1, the combustion chamber 2, and a (in the Fig. 2 and Fig. The inwardly directed wall 8.1 is connected to the wall 5.2 of the reaction chamber section 5 (as shown in Figure 3). In particular, the inwardly directed wall 8.1 is thermally coupled to the device sections PR1 to PRn for heat transfer. Alternatively or additionally, the inwardly directed wall 8.1 of the temperature control section 8 can be spaced at least partially from the respective walls 2.1, 5.2 of the combustion chamber 2 and / or the reaction chamber section 5, depending on the desired heat transfer.

[0061] Furthermore, the temperature control section 8 partially or completely surrounds the respective device sections PR1 to PRn. In particular, a shape of the temperature control section 8 corresponds to a shape of the respective device sections PR1 to PRn. For example, the temperature control section 8 comprises at least one thermally conductive material as its enclosing material.

[0062] Furthermore, the temperature control section 8 comprises an interior space 8.2 into which at least one temperature control medium TM can be supplied for heat transfer. The temperature control medium TM cools, in particular cools, a high-temperature area of ​​an upstream device section PR1 and cools, in particular heats, a low-temperature area of ​​a device section PR2, PRn downstream of the upstream device section PR1. For example, the temperature control medium TM can be supplied to the interior space 8.2 in the form of a gas mixture and / or air, such as ambient air.

[0063] For the supply of the temperature control medium TM, the temperature control section 8 includes a supply element 8.3 shown in the further figures. The supply element 8.3 is, for example, a conduit element, in particular a tubular conduit element for supplying the interior 8.2 with the temperature control medium TM.

[0064] The temperature control medium TM causes cooling along the walls 2.1 and 5.2 of combustion chamber 2 and reaction chamber section 5. For example, the wall 2.1 of combustion chamber 2 heats up due to the combustion gases VG and fuels BS ignited within combustion chamber 2, particularly due to the resulting flame. The pulsating hot gas flow HGS generated in this process flows from the combustion chamber 2 outlet side into the reaction chamber, causing, for example, the wall 5.2 of reaction chamber section 5 to be heated significantly. To reduce the high temperatures generated at the respective walls 2.1 and 5.2, these high-temperature areas are cooled by the temperature control section 8 using the temperature control medium TM. This involves the removal of heat, particularly from the walls 2.1 and 5.2. This can, for example, improve the service life of combustion chamber 2 and / or the reaction chamber, which is designed as a resonance tube.

[0065] To discharge the temperature control medium TM, the temperature control section 8 includes a discharge element 8.4, which is shown in the following figures. The discharge element 8.4 is, for example, a conduit element, particularly in the form of a pipe. The discharge element 8.4 is fluidically coupled, for example, to the flow-inlet end of the combustion chamber 2. In particular, the discharge element 8.4 is arranged in the region of the feed point AO2 of the combustion chamber 2, whereby the discharge of the temperature control medium TM from the interior 8.2 simultaneously means the supply of the temperature control medium TM into the combustion chamber 2. The temperature control medium TM supplied to the combustion chamber 2, for example, preheats the combustion gas VG within the combustion chamber 2.

[0066] Alternatively, the discharge element 8.4 is fluidically connected to the reaction chamber section 5. In this case, the reaction chamber section 5 is supplied with the temperature control medium TM discharged from the interior 8.2 to turbulence the hot gas flow HGS, which enables improved mixing of the raw material RM, and for heat transfer.

[0067] The temperature control section 8 and at least the respective device sections PR1 to PRn are designed as a double-walled or multi-walled component. This means that the temperature control device TV2 forms part of the combustion chamber 2 and / or part of the reaction chamber section 5, or vice versa. The respective walls 2.1, 5.2, and the inwardly facing wall 8.1 of the temperature control section 8 form a Fig. Figure 2 shows the inner wall 8.1.1 of the multi-walled component. The temperature control medium TM flows along the inner wall 8.1.1 to temperature control the respective device sections PR1 to PRn and to transfer heat between the respective device sections PR1 to PRn.

[0068] Fig. Figure 2 shows an embodiment of the temperature control section 8 of the temperature control device TV2.

[0069] In the illustrated embodiment, the temperature control section 8 and at least the respective device sections PR3, PR4 are designed as a multi-walled, in particular double-walled, component. This means that the temperature control device TV2 forms part of the reaction chamber section 5. For example, the double-walled component is a double-walled tube. The wall 5.2 and the inwardly facing wall 8.1 of the temperature control section 8 are joined to form an inner wall 8.1.1 of the double-walled component. The temperature control medium TM flows along the inner wall 8.1.1 to temperature-control, in particular to cool, the upstream device section PR3 and to transfer heat between the respective device sections PR3, PR4.

[0070] The temperature control medium TM is supplied to the temperature control section 8 by means of the supply element 8.3. An interior space 8.2' is formed between an outer wall 8.1.2 and the inner wall 8.1.1, in which the temperature control medium TM flows in the direction of the downstream device section PR4.

[0071] In particular, the upstream device section PR3 comprises a high-temperature area, which arises, for example, from the reaction chamber section 5 with its hot gas stream HGS. A quantity of heat Q is transferred to the temperature control medium TM via the thermally conductive inner wall 8.1.1. For heat transfer, the temperature control medium TM flows towards the downstream device section PR4 and is discharged through the discharge element 8.4, which in the illustrated embodiment is designed as a through-opening, and fed to the reaction chamber section 5. This creates turbulence in the hot gas stream HGS flowing in the reaction chamber section 5. Subsequently, the hot gas stream HGS, along with the temperature control medium TM, such as air, flows towards the separation device 7 (not shown in detail), which is located downstream of the reaction chamber section 5.

[0072] Fig. Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of the temperature control section 8 of the temperature control device TV2.

[0073] For example, the temperature control section 8 and the respective device sections PR5, PR6 are designed as a multi-walled, in particular three-walled, component. This means that the temperature control device TV2 forms part of the combustion chamber 2 and the reaction chamber 5.

[0074] In a further embodiment, the temperature control section 8 is arranged as a separate component on the combustion chamber 2 and on the reaction chamber section 5, particularly in the area of ​​the device sections PR5 and PR6 to be temperature controlled. The temperature control section 8 can partially or completely surround the device sections PR5 and PR6. In particular, the shape of the temperature control section 8 corresponds to the shape of the combustion chamber 2 and the reaction chamber section 5.

[0075] In the illustrated embodiment, the temperature control section 8 comprises an interior space 8.2', which is formed between the walls 2.1, 5.2 of the combustion chamber 2 and the reaction chamber section 5 and the inner wall 8.1.1. The supplied temperature control medium TM flows through the interior space 8.2' towards the downstream device section PR6, having been supplied by means of the supply element 8.3, which is arranged on the upstream device section PR5. A quantity of heat Q is transferred to the temperature control medium TM. In the region of the downstream device section PR6, the temperature control medium TM is discharged towards the combustion chamber 2. For this purpose, the temperature control section 8 comprises a further interior space 8.2", which in the illustrated embodiment is arranged above the interior space 8.2'. Subsequently, the temperature control medium TM, now subjected to the quantity of heat Q, is discharged, for example, by means of the discharge element 8.4, is routed to the flow-inlet end of combustion chamber 2 and fed into combustion chamber 2. This allows the combustion gas VG to be preheated in particular.

[0076] Fig. 4A and Fig. Figures 4B each show an embodiment of the temperature control section 8 of the temperature control device TV2.

[0077] In the illustrated embodiments, the temperature control medium TM flows in the opposite direction to the hot gas flow HGS. Fig. 4A forms the combustion chamber 2 with two device sections PR7 and PR8 to be tempered. Fig. 4B, the reaction chamber section 5 forms the upstream device section PR9 and the combustion chamber 2 the downstream device section PR10.

[0078] The temperature control medium TM is supplied to the high-temperature area of ​​the respective upstream device section PR7, PR9 by means of the supply element 8.3. The temperature control medium TM flows in the opposite direction to the hot gas flow HGS within the interior 8.2 towards the downstream device section PR8, PR10. Subsequently, the temperature control medium TM is discharged to the flow-inlet end, for example to burner 1, by means of the respective discharge element 8.4 and supplied to the combustion chamber 2.

[0079] Fig. Figure 5 shows a possible further embodiment of a device PR, in particular a thermal reactor for the production of fine particles P, especially nanoscale or nanocrystalline particles P. For example, the particles P produced from at least one raw material RM have an average particle or grain size of less than 10 nm to a few millimeters in the final product.

[0080] The design and function of the device PR correspond to the design and function of the device in Fig. The embodiment of the device PR shown in Figure 1 and described in the accompanying description differs in that the device PR comprises a temperature control device TV1 instead of a temperature control device TV2. In embodiments not shown in detail, the device PR can also be configured with both temperature control devices TV1 and TV2.

[0081] The temperature control device TV1 is designed to regulate the temperature of the hot gas stream HGS flowing through reaction chamber section 5, thus ensuring a consistently high efficiency of the device PR. Furthermore, the device PR can be adapted to different applications and various operating modes can be enabled.

[0082] In the illustrated embodiment, the device PR comprises a temperature control device TV1 arranged in the region of reaction chamber section 5. In other embodiments, more than one temperature control device TV1 may be provided in the region of reaction chamber section 5. The position of the temperature control device TV1 can vary and thus be located upstream or downstream of reaction chamber section 5.

[0083] The temperature control device TV1 comprises a housing 9, which has a significantly larger cross-section than the reaction chamber section 5. Specifically, the pulsation of the hot gas flow HGS can be influenced by selecting the diameter of the housing 9.

[0084] Furthermore, the temperature control device TV1 comprises an inlet opening 9.1 and an outlet opening 9.2 for the pulsating hot gas flow HGS. A temperature control section 10 is arranged in the housing 9 and is connected to the reaction chamber section 5 in the region of the inlet opening 9.1 and the outlet opening 9.2, respectively. In particular, the temperature control device TV1 is connected to a component of the device PR, especially to the reaction chamber section 5, by means of a material, force, and / or form-fit connection.

[0085] In one possible embodiment, the temperature control section 10 and the reaction chamber section 5 are designed as a single component. This means that section 5.1 of the reaction chamber section 5 is partially or completely enclosed by the housing 9, and section 5.1 forms part of the temperature control device TV1. In particular, the housing 9 surrounds the temperature control section 10 and / or the reaction chamber section 5.

[0086] Furthermore, each of the described embodiments of the temperature control section 10 is applicable to section 5.1 of the reaction chamber section 5. For example, the housing 9 is connected to the reaction chamber section 5 in the area of ​​the inlet opening 9.1 and in the area of ​​the outlet opening 9.2 by means of a material-locking, force-locking, and / or form-locking connection. For example, the housing 9 can be fixed to a wall 5.2 of the reaction chamber section 5 by means of a screw, weld, adhesive, rivet, and / or snap-fit ​​connection. If the temperature control device TV1 is designed as a separate component with the housing 9 and with a separate temperature control section 10, the reaction chamber section 5 can, for example, be separated or disassembled into two parts at the specified section 5.1. The temperature control device TV1 is then arranged as a separate component between the separated reaction chamber parts and connected to the reaction chamber section 5.

[0087] In a further development, both the housing 9 and the temperature control section 10 are essentially cylindrical, in particular tubular. A shape of the housing 9 and / or a shape of the temperature control section 10 corresponds to a shape of the reaction chamber section 5.

[0088] Furthermore, the temperature control section 10 comprises a plurality of elements 10.1 to 10.n for introducing a temperature control medium TM into the hot gas stream HGS. The number or plurality, arrangement, shape, and size of the elements 10.1 to 10.n formed in the temperature control section 10 can vary depending on the treatment process and the desired treatment temperature.

[0089] The hot gas stream HGS flows through the inlet opening 9.1 and is cooled within the temperature control section 10, so that a cooled hot gas stream HGS flows from the outlet opening 9.2 towards the separator device 7.

[0090] For example, the elements 10.1 in the temperature control section 10 are formed as through-openings. In particular, the temperature control section 10 is perforated. For example, the elements 10.1 are circular, oval, or elongated. The through-openings are provided to promote turbulence of the hot gas stream HGS with the temperature control medium TM within the temperature control section 10 when the hot gas stream HGS flows through the inlet opening 9.1. This turbulence reduces the specific thermal energy of the hot gas stream HGS.

[0091] In a further embodiment, elements 10.2 to 10.n are designed as conduit elements. These conduit elements project into the interior of the housing 9.3 and serve to convey a temperature control medium TM, which is introduced into the interior of the housing 9.3, into the temperature control section 10 and thus into the reaction chamber section 5. Here, the conduit elements are tubular in shape and are connected to the temperature control section 10, for example, at one end facing the temperature control section 10, by means of a material-locking, force-locking, and / or form-locking connection. For example, the conduit elements are attached to the temperature control section 10 by means of a welded, adhesive, snap-fit, and / or screw connection.

[0092] The application of the temperature control medium TM takes place within the housing 9, in particular in the housing interior 9.3 formed between the housing 9 and the temperature control section 10. The temperature control section 10 can be designed as a cooling segment.

[0093] The cross-section of the temperature control section 10 and that of the reaction chamber section 5 are the same size.

[0094] In another possible embodiment, the housing 9 is designed without an internal perforated pipe section. A connection in the form of a feed element 11 (in) is provided for supplying the temperature control medium TM. Fig. 5 shown as dashed lines and in Fig. (6 shown in solid line) is provided directly on the housing 9. In this embodiment, the diameter of the housing 9 is larger than the diameter of a system segment located upstream in the flow direction, in particular the reaction chamber section 5. Thus, an expanded system segment with a supply of a temperature control medium TM is arranged.

[0095] The temperature control medium TM is a gaseous temperature control medium TM. The temperature control medium TM can be air, such as ambient air, nitrogen and / or another gas or gas mixture.

[0096] To supply the interior of the housing 9.3 with the temperature control medium TM, the housing 9 includes an opening 9.4. The temperature control medium TM flows through the opening 9.4 and, after passing through the majority of elements 10.n, mixes with the hot gas stream HGS. This cools the hot gas stream HGS, which is then discharged with the temperature control medium TM towards the reaction chamber section 5 through the outlet opening 9.2 of the temperature control device TV1.

[0097] Fig. Figure 6 shows an embodiment of the temperature control device TV1 arranged on the reaction chamber section 5.

[0098] In the illustrated embodiment, the temperature control device TV1 comprises six elements 10.2 to 10.n, although more or fewer elements 10.2 to 10.n may also be provided. The elements 10.2 to 10.n, designed as conduit elements, are substantially spaced apart from one another and arranged radially on the temperature control section 10 and within the housing interior 9.3. In particular, the arrangement of the conduit elements enables a largely uniform temperature control of the hot gas flow HGS.

[0099] The interior of the housing 9.3 is supplied with the temperature control medium TM via a supply element 11 at, for example, a predetermined pressure. The temperature control medium TM is guided into the temperature control section 10 via the piping elements. For this purpose, the piping elements are tubular in design. Their dimensions, in particular their length extending from the temperature control section 10, as well as their number and arrangement, can vary.

[0100] Within the temperature control section 10, the temperature control medium TM cools the hot gas stream HGS and flows together and mixed with the hot gas stream HGS towards the reaction chamber section 5.

[0101] Fig. Figure 7 shows another embodiment of the temperature control device TV1 arranged on the reaction chamber section 5.

[0102] The temperature control section 10 of the temperature control device TV1 has a plurality of elements 10.1 designed as through-openings. For example, the through-openings are formed in section 5.1 of the reaction chamber section 5. The housing 9 of the temperature control device TV1 is, for example, formed from a sheet metal part shaped into a housing 9, with the housing 9 arranged horizontally along the reaction chamber section 5. Section 5.1 is completely enclosed by the housing 9. Furthermore, the through-openings can be formed by perforation in section 5.1.

[0103] The perforated temperature control section 10 and / or section 5.1 promotes turbulence of the pulsating hot gas flow HGS within the temperature control section 10 when the hot gas flow HGS passes through the temperature control section 10 and / or section 5.1. It is assumed that no solid or liquid temperature control medium TM is located in the housing 9. This facilitates, in particular, improved mixing of the raw materials or raw material mixtures in the feed. Furthermore, the specific thermal energy of the hot gas flow HGS is reduced. The perforation of the temperature control section 10 can also influence the pulsation of the hot gas flow HGS.

[0104] In further embodiments, not shown in detail, the housing interior 9.3 only partially surrounds the reaction chamber section 5, extending from its upper surface to a maximum of half the height of the reaction chamber section 5. In this embodiment, the reaction chamber section 5 has the elements 10.1, designed as through-openings, only in the area surrounded by the housing interior 9.3. This prevents particles P from accumulating at the bottom of the housing interior 9.3, which would otherwise fill the housing interior 9.3 as operating time progresses and thus reduce or eliminate the support for the turbulence of the hot gas flow HGS within the temperature control section 10.This also prevents back-mixing between different products produced using the PR device or back-mixing between products at different test points within the PR device, and minimizes the cleaning effort required for the PR device. REFERENCE MARK LIST 1 burner 2 Combustion chamber 2.1 Wall 3 Feed 5 Reaction chamber section Section 5.1 5.2 Wall 7 Separation device 8 Temperature control section 8.1 Wall 8.1.1 Inner wall 8.1.2 Outer wall 8.2 to 8.2" interior 8.3 Feed element 8.4 Discharge element 9 cases 9.1 Entrance opening 9.2 Exit opening 9.3 Interior of the housing 9.4 Opening 10 Temperature control section Elements 10.1 to 10.n 11 Feed element A Output line AO1 to AOn Place of dispatch BS Fuel E Inlet line HGS hot gas stream P particles PR device PR1 to PRn device section Q Heat quantity R Flow direction RM raw material TM temperature control medium TV1 temperature control device TV2 temperature control device VG combustion gas X Longitudinal direction

Claims

[1] Device (PR) for producing particles (P) from at least one raw material (RM), comprising - at least one burner (1) and a combustion chamber (2) adjoining the burner (1) for generating a pulsating hot gas flow (HGS), - a reaction chamber section downstream of a material input (5) and - at least one temperature control device (TV1) for temperature control of the hot gas stream (HGS) with a temperature control section (10) and a housing (9) which completely encloses a reaction chamber or the reaction chamber section (5) in such a way that a housing interior (9.3) is formed between the housing (9) and the temperature control section (10), wherein the housing (9) comprises a connection through which a temperature control medium (TM) can be supplied into the housing interior (9.3), and wherein a plurality of elements (10.n) are arranged distributed over the circumference of the reaction chamber or reaction chamber section (5) through which the temperature control medium (TM) can be introduced into and mixed with the hot gas stream (HGS) in the reaction chamber or reaction chamber section (5), and / or - at least one temperature control device (TV2) for heat transfer between at least two device sections (PR1 to PRn), wherein the temperature control device (TV2) comprises at least one temperature control section (8) which is thermally coupled to the device sections (PR1 to PRn) for heat transfer and comprises an interior space (8.2, 8.2') to which at least one temperature control medium (TM) can be supplied for heat transfer, which can be guided along the at least two device sections (PR1 to PRn), and wherein the temperature control section (8) completely surrounds the respective device section (PR1 to PRn) and a shape of the temperature control section (8) corresponds to a shape of the respective device section (PR1 to PRn), and wherein the temperature control section (8) - at least one feed element (8.3) for supplying the temperature control medium (TM) and - at least one discharge element (8.4) for discharging the temperature control medium (TM) to the flow-inlet end of the combustion chamber (2), the burner (1) or into the reaction chamber section (5) and wherein the discharge element (8.4) is fluidically coupled to the flow-inlet end of the combustion chamber (2), the burner (1) or to the reaction chamber section (5), whereby the discharged temperature control medium (TM) can be introduced into the flow-inlet end of the combustion chamber (2), the burner (1) or into the reaction chamber section (5). [2] Device (PR) according to claim 1, wherein the combustion chamber (2) and / or the reaction chamber section (5) each form one or more device sections (PR1 to PRn). [3] Device (PR) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature control section (8) of the temperature control device (TV2) is designed as a multi-walled component, wherein at least one interior space (8.2') is formed between an outer wall (8.1.2) and an inner wall (8.1.1) of the multi-walled component, through which the temperature control medium (TM) can be guided in the direction of the downstream device section (PR2, PR4, PR6, PR8, PR10). [4] Device (PR) according to claim 3, wherein the temperature control section (8) of the temperature control device (TV2) comprises at least one further interior space (8.2") through which the temperature control medium (TM) can be guided to the flow inlet side end of the burner or into the reaction chamber section (5). [5] Device (PR) according to claim 1, wherein the temperature control section (10) of the temperature control device (TV1) is connected to the reaction chamber section (5) in the area of ​​an inlet opening (9.1) and an outlet opening (9.2). [6] Device (PR) according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of elements (10.2 to 10.n) are designed as elements (10.2 to 10.n) projecting into the housing interior (9.3). [7] Device (PR) according to claim 6, wherein the plurality of elements (10.2 to 10.n) are formed radially on the temperature control section (10). [8] Device (PR) according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the plurality of elements (10.2 to 10.n) are tubular in shape.

Images