Thermal management subsystem for electrolysis system and electrolysis system

Abstract

The present application provides a thermal management subsystem for an electrolysis system, comprising a first heat exchanger configured to be thermally coupled to a discharge pipeline, a second heat exchanger configured to be thermally coupled to a supply pipeline, and a drive unit for driving a cooling medium into flow. The first and second heat exchangers are configured to be arranged along the flow path of the cooling medium so that heat is exchanged with the cooling medium. The drive unit is capable of selective operation in a first mode or a second mode. In the first mode, the drive unit drives the cooling medium into flow in a first direction, and the first heat exchanger is located downstream of the second heat exchanger in the first direction.In the second mode, the drive unit causes the cooling medium to flow in a second direction opposite to the first, and the first heat exchanger is located upstream of the second heat exchanger in the second direction. The thermal management subsystem can reduce the energy consumption and manufacturing costs of the electrolysis system and increase its energy utilization efficiency. The present application also provides an electrolysis system that includes such a thermal management subsystem.

Description

Technical field The present application relates generally to the technical field of electrolysis and thermal management and relates in particular to a thermal management subsystem for an electrolysis system and to an electrolysis system comprising such a thermal management subsystem. background The uses of hydrogen are very wide-ranging and encompass many areas, such as the chemical industry, energy, transportation, and electronics. Currently, there are many ways to produce hydrogen; among these, electrolysis technology has become a key research focus in the field of hydrogen production. Furthermore, with the ongoing development of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, the intermittent nature and instability of their electricity generation pose a challenge for power grids. Electrolytic hydrogen production technology is capable of utilizing redundant power to produce hydrogen, converting electrical energy into chemical energy for storage. Taking an alkaline solution electrolysis system as an example, an electrolyte is conveyed to an electrolysis unit, which electrolyzes water in the electrolyte. Reaction products (hydrogen and oxygen) and any unused electrolyte are conveyed to an electrolyte reservoir and separated. The reaction products are stored. The unused electrolyte is returned to the electrolysis unit. The electrolysis system also includes a thermal management subsystem to maintain the temperature in the electrolysis unit at a suitable level to ensure that the electrolysis reaction can proceed efficiently and stably. In a scenario of high-power electricity generation from a renewable energy source, the electrolysis system produces hydrogen at a high power output, thus fully utilizing the power generated by the renewable energy source. A significant amount of heat produced in the electrolysis reaction is transferred to the electrolyte. In this case, it is necessary to cool the circulating electrolyte. For this purpose, the thermal management subsystem includes a heat sink, which can be positioned, for example, on a supply line that carries the electrolyte from the electrolyte tank to the electrolysis unit, so that the electrolyte is cooled before it enters the electrolysis unit.In a scenario of low-power electricity generation from a renewable energy source, the amount of electricity produced is smaller, but the electrolysis system will still be able to produce hydrogen at a low power output. In this case, it is necessary to heat the circulating electrolyte to maintain the temperature within the electrolysis unit. For this purpose, the thermal management subsystem includes a heating element, which can, for example, be located on a supply line, so that the electrolyte is heated before it enters the electrolysis unit. However, providing separate cooling and heating elements will undoubtedly increase the energy consumption and manufacturing costs of the electrolysis system. Accordingly, it is an urgent need to improve the thermal management subsystem of the electrolysis system in order to overcome the aforementioned disadvantages. Brief description of the utility model One objective of the present application is to propose a thermal management subsystem and a corresponding electrolysis system in order to overcome at least one of the aforementioned disadvantages in the prior art. In one aspect, the present application provides a thermal management subsystem for an electrolysis system. The electrolysis system comprises an electrolysis unit for electrolyzing water in an electrolyte, an electrolyte tank for storing an electrolyte, a supply pipeline for conveying the electrolyte from the electrolyte tank to the electrolysis unit, and a discharge pipeline for conveying reaction products and unused electrolyte from the electrolysis unit to the electrolyte tank. The thermal management subsystem comprises: a first heat exchanger configured to be thermally coupled to the discharge pipeline; a second heat exchanger configured to be thermally coupled to the supply pipeline; and a drive device for driving a cooling medium into flow.The first and second heat exchangers are configured to be positioned along the flow path of the cooling medium, allowing for heat exchange with the medium. The drive unit is capable of selective operation in either a first or second mode. In the first mode, the drive unit forces the cooling medium to flow in a first direction, with the first heat exchanger located downstream of the second heat exchanger in that direction. In the second mode, the drive unit forces the cooling medium to flow in a second direction, opposite to the first, with the first heat exchanger located upstream of the second heat exchanger in that direction. In some embodiments, the cooling medium is ambient air, the drive device is a fan, and the first and second heat exchangers are both gas-liquid heat exchangers; in the first mode, the fan rotates in a forward direction, so that the ambient air flows in the first direction; in the second mode, the fan rotates in a reverse direction, so that the ambient air flows in the second direction. In some embodiments, the fan is arranged between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger and is directly adjacent to the first and second heat exchangers. In some embodiments, the cooling medium is a first coolant, the drive device is a first pump, and the first and second heat exchangers are both liquid-to-liquid heat exchangers; in the first mode, the pump rotates in a forward direction so that the first coolant flows in the first direction; in the second mode, the first pump rotates in a reverse direction so that the coolant flows in the second direction. In some embodiments, the thermal management subsystem further comprises a cold source and a first coolant circulation pipeline; the first pump, the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, and the cold source are connected in series through the first coolant circulation pipeline, and the cold source cools the first coolant as the first coolant flows through it; in the first mode, the first coolant flows through the cold source, the first pump, the first heat exchanger, and the second heat exchanger in the first direction, and the first heat exchanger is located downstream of the second heat exchanger in the first direction when the cold source is taken as a reference.In the second mode, the first coolant flows through the cold source, the first pump, the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger in the second direction, and the first heat exchanger is located upstream of the second heat exchanger in the second direction, when the cold source is taken as a reference. In some embodiments, the first heat exchanger is configured to exchange heat, via a second cooling fluid, with reaction products and unused electrolyte, which are conveyed from the electrolysis unit to the electrolyte container via the drain pipeline. In some embodiments, the electrolyte container comprises a hydrogen-side electrolyte container and an oxygen-side electrolyte container, and the drain pipeline comprises a hydrogen-side drain pipeline for conveying a hydrogen-side reaction product and unused electrolyte from the electrolysis device to the hydrogen-side electrolyte container and an oxygen-side drain pipeline for conveying an oxygen-side reaction product and unused electrolyte from the electrolysis device to the oxygen-side electrolyte container.The thermal management subsystem further comprises the following: a third heat exchanger configured to be connected to the hydrogen-side drain pipeline and is a liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger; a fourth heat exchanger configured to be connected to the oxygen-side drain pipeline and is a liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger; a second coolant circulation pipeline configured to be connected between the first and third heat exchangers and between the first and fourth heat exchangers; and a second drive device for driving the second coolant to circulate between the first and third heat exchangers and between the first and fourth heat exchangers. In some embodiments, the second coolant circulation pipeline comprises a main path, a first branch, and a second branch connected in parallel to the main path; the first heat exchanger is connected to the main path, the third heat exchanger is connected to the first branch, and the fourth heat exchanger is connected to the second branch, wherein: the second drive assembly comprises a second pump, the second pump being connected to the main path, for the purpose of driving the second coolant to flow, and the thermal management subsystem further comprises a flow control device that is controllable for regulating the ratio of the second coolant flowing through the first branch to the second coolant flowing through the second branch; or the second drive assembly comprises a third pump and a fourth pump, the third and fourth pumps being connected to the first branch and the second pump, respectively.are connected to the second branch for the purpose of driving the second coolant to flow and are controllable for regulating the ratio of the second coolant flowing through the first branch to the second coolant flowing through the second branch. In some embodiments, the second heat exchanger is connected to the supply pipeline and the thermal management subsystem further comprises a first temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of an electrolyte entering the second heat exchanger and / or a second temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of an electrolyte leaving the second heat exchanger. In another aspect, the present application provides an electrolysis system. The electrolysis system comprises the following: an electrolysis unit for electrolyzing water in an electrolyte; an electrolyte reservoir for storing an electrolyte; a supply pipeline for conveying an electrolyte from the electrolyte reservoir to the electrolysis unit; a discharge pipeline for conveying reaction products and unused electrolyte from the electrolysis unit to the electrolyte reservoir; and the previously described thermal management subsystem. The first heat exchanger is thermally coupled to the discharge pipeline, the second heat exchanger is thermally coupled to the supply pipeline, the drive unit is configured to drive the cooling medium into flow, and the first and second heat exchangers are arranged on a flow path of the cooling medium so that heat is exchanged with the cooling medium. These technologies can be used individually or in any suitable combination. The above summary is provided as an illustration and does not imply any limitations. Brief description of the drawings Reference is made below to the drawings to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the aforementioned and other aspects of the present application. It should be noted that the drawings are schematic only and not drawn to scale. Identical components are indicated in different drawings with identical reference numerals. Furthermore, for the sake of brevity, not all components or parts of the electrolysis system and thermal management subsystem as described in the present application are shown or labeled in the drawings. It is understood that the quantities of components, proportions, and dimensions of the components or parts shown in the drawings do not limit the present application. In the drawings, Fig.Figure 1 is a schematic layout diagram of an electrolysis system according to a first embodiment of the present application, showing the electrolysis system in a high-performance hydrogen production mode. Figure 2 is a schematic layout diagram similar to Figure 1, but showing the electrolysis system in a low-performance hydrogen production mode. Figure 3 is a schematic layout diagram of an electrolysis system according to a second embodiment of the present application, showing the electrolysis system in a high-performance hydrogen production mode; and Figure 4 is a schematic layout diagram similar to Figure 3, but showing the electrolysis system in a low-performance hydrogen production mode. In Fig. 1-4, solid lines indicate pipelines and arrows on the solid lines indicate flow directions of fluid in the pipelines. Detailed description of the embodiments Some embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the drawings. In order to simplify the description of the electrolysis system and its thermal management subsystem according to the present application, an alkaline solution electrolysis system and its thermal management subsystem are taken as examples in the following embodiments. It is understood that such examples do not imply that the present application is limited in any way, and the thermal management subsystem according to the present application can be used for electrolysis systems of other types, such as proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis systems, anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolysis systems, and solid oxide electrolysis systems, etc.Furthermore, if there is no conflict, features can be combined in different embodiments of the present application. Figures 1 and 2 show an electrolysis system 10 according to a first embodiment of the present application. The electrolysis system 10 is an alkaline solution electrolysis system that uses an alkaline solution (such as a potassium hydroxide solution, a sodium hydroxide solution, etc.) as an electrolyte. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the electrolysis system 10 comprises an electrolysis device 11, the electrolysis device 11 being configured to electrolyze water in the electrolyte to produce hydrogen and oxygen.In particular, the electrolysis device 11 essentially comprises a housing and several individual electrolysis cells 11d housed in the housing, each individual electrolysis cell 11d comprising a cathode plate and an anode plate separated from each other, a cathode electrode in contact with the cathode plate, an anode electrode in contact with the anode plate, and a separator located between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode, the cathode plate and the anode plate being electrically connected to an external DC power supply (not shown) and being immersed in the electrolyte together with the cathode electrode and the anode electrode; the separator is also immersed in the electrolyte and allows ions to pass through, but prevents gas molecules from passing through it. Taking a single electrolysis cell 11d as an example, during operation an electrolyte will circulate through the single electrolysis cell 11d and the (not shown) external DC power supply will deliver DC electricity to the cathode plate and its anode plate. At the cathode electrode, water molecules gain electrons, producing hydrogen molecules and hydroxide ions (i.e., a reduction reaction takes place: 4H₂O + 4e⁻ → 2H₂ + 4OH⁻). The hydrogen molecules cannot pass through the separator and are therefore discharged with the electrolyte, whereas the hydroxide ions, driven by a voltage, pass through the separator from the cathode and reach the anode electrode. At the anode electrode, the hydroxide ions lose electrons and therefore produce oxygen molecules and water molecules (i.e.,, an oxidation reaction takes place: 4OH-→ 2H2O + O2+ 4e-), whereby the oxygen molecules cannot pass through the separator and are therefore released with the electrolyte. By the same principle, all of the individual electrolysis cells 11d can receive an electrolyte and, after undergoing the previously described electrochemical reaction, discharge hydrogen-containing electrolyte on the cathode side (i.e., discharge the cathode-side reaction product and unused electrolyte) and, at the same time, discharge oxygen-containing electrolyte on the anode side (i.e., discharge the anode-side reaction product and unused electrolyte). For this purpose, the electrolysis device 11 is provided with a hydrogen-side (also referred to as cathode-side) outlet 11a for discharged hydrogen-containing electrolyte, an oxygen-side (also referred to as anode-side) outlet 11b for discharged oxygen-containing electrolyte, and an inlet 11c for receiving electrolyte.Several groups of flow channels (also referred to as a distributor) are further provided within the electrolysis apparatus 11; these flow channels can distribute the electrolyte received via the inlet 11c into the various individual electrolysis cells 11d, the hydrogen-containing electrolyte delivered by the various individual electrolysis cells 11d can be collected at the hydrogen-side outlet 11a through the flow channels, and the oxygen-containing electrolyte delivered by the various individual electrolysis cells 11d can be collected at the oxygen-side outlet 11b through the flow channels.Furthermore, heat is also produced as a byproduct of the hydrogen and oxygen during the electrochemical reaction described above; this heat is absorbed by the electrolyte and released by the electrolysis unit 11 along with the electrolyte to prevent overheating of the electrolysis unit 11 during operation. Naturally, this also results in the electrolyte temperature at the hydrogen-side outlet 11a and the oxygen-side outlet 11b being higher than the electrolyte temperature at the inlet 11c. With further reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the electrolysis system 10 further comprises an electrolyte container 12 for storing an electrolyte and a circulation line 13 that connects the electrolysis unit 11 fluid to the electrolyte container 12. Due to the presence of the circulation line 13, an electrolyte can circulate between the electrolysis unit 11 and the electrolyte container 12. That is, an electrolyte can circulate through the electrolysis unit 11 and the electrolyte container 12.With this configuration, the electrolyte container 12 can supply an electrolyte to the electrolysis unit 11 via the circulation pipeline 13, so that the electrolysis unit 11 can utilize the electrolyte and produce hydrogen and oxygen through the electrochemical reaction described above; the electrolysis unit 11 can discharge an electrolyte containing hydrogen and oxygen into the electrolyte container 12 via the circulation pipeline 13, so that the electrolyte can be stored in the electrolyte container 12, and hydrogen and oxygen can be separated from the electrolyte in the electrolyte container 12. That is, the electrolyte container 12 can also be used for gas / liquid separation to separate hydrogen and oxygen from the electrolyte.As described in detail below, the circulation pipeline 13 can comprise a supply pipeline for conveying electrolytes from the electrolyte container 12 to the electrolysis unit 11 and a drain pipeline for conveying the reaction products and the unused electrolyte from the electrolysis unit 11 to the electrolyte container 12. As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the electrolyte container 12 can comprise a hydrogen-side electrolyte container 12a for storing hydrogen-containing electrolyte and an oxygen-side electrolyte container 12b for storing oxygen-containing electrolyte. Accordingly, the circulation pipeline 13 can comprise a hydrogen-side drain pipeline 13a, which connects the hydrogen-side outlet 11a of the electrolysis device 11 fluid to an inlet 12a1 of the hydrogen-side electrolyte tank 12a, an oxygen-side drain pipeline 13b, which connects the oxygen-side outlet 11b of the electrolysis device 11 fluid to an inlet 12b1 of the oxygen-side electrolyte tank 12b, and a supply pipeline 13c, which connects an outlet 12a2 of the hydrogen-side electrolyte tank 12a and an outlet 12b2 of the oxygen-side electrolyte tank 12b fluid to the inlet 11c of the electrolysis device 11.This means that the outlet 12a2 of the hydrogen-side electrolyte container 12a and the outlet 12b2 of the oxygen-side electrolyte container 12b can be fluidly connected and supply an electrolyte to the inlet 11c of the electrolysis unit 11 via the same supply line 13c. For this purpose, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the electrolysis system 10 further comprises an electrolyte pump 14, which is arranged on the supply line 13c; The electrolyte pump 14 can drive an electrolyte in the supply line 13c to flow in the direction from the hydrogen-side electrolyte container 12a and the oxygen-side electrolyte container 12b towards the electrolysis unit 11, thereby conveying electrolyte in the hydrogen-side electrolyte container 12a and the oxygen-side electrolyte container 12b to the electrolysis unit 11. In particular, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig.Figure 2 shows the inlet 12a1 and outlet 12a2 of the hydrogen-side electrolyte container 12a arranged on the top and bottom respectively, and the inlet 12b1 and outlet 12b2 of the oxygen-side electrolyte container 12b are also arranged on the top and bottom respectively. With the configuration described above, electrolytes can be conveyed from the hydrogen-side electrolyte tank 12a and the oxygen-side electrolyte tank 12b via the supply pipeline 13c into the electrolysis unit 11, and the electrolysis unit 11 can use these electrolytes to produce hydrogen and oxygen by means of an electrochemical reaction and hydrogen-containing electrolytes (i.e. the hydrogen-side reaction product and unused electrolyte) and oxygen-containing electrolytes (i.e.the oxygen-side reaction product and unused electrolyte); the hydrogen-containing electrolyte from the electrolysis unit 11 can be conveyed via the hydrogen-side discharge pipe 13a into the hydrogen-side electrolyte tank 12a, so that hydrogen is separated from the electrolyte and the electrolyte is stored in the hydrogen-side electrolyte tank 12a; and the oxygen-containing electrolyte from the electrolysis unit 11 can be conveyed via the oxygen-side discharge pipe 13b into the oxygen-side electrolyte tank 12b, so that oxygen is separated from the electrolyte and the electrolyte is stored in the oxygen-side electrolyte tank 12b. The hydrogen-side electrolyte tank 12a and the oxygen-side electrolyte tank 12b can also have a hydrogen outlet 12a3 and 12a3, respectively.comprising an oxygen outlet 12b3 located on the top and configured to allow the separated hydrogen and oxygen to be conveyed downstream for purification and storage. Water in the electrolyte is consumed due to electrolysis. Although not shown, the electrolysis system 10 may further include a water refilling device for the purpose of refilling the electrolysis system 10 with water so that the concentration of the electrolyte in the electrolysis system 10 is maintained at a suitable level. For example, the water refilling device may be connected to the oxygen-side electrolyte reservoir 12b to refill it with water. As can be seen from the foregoing, in a scenario of high-performance electricity generation from a renewable energy source, for example, the electrolysis system 10 produces hydrogen at a high power output. A large amount of heat generated in the electrolysis reaction is absorbed by the electrolyte and released by the electrolysis unit 11 along with the electrolyte. The electrolyte, which is transported in the circulation pipeline 13, must be cooled so that the temperature in the electrolysis unit 11 is maintained at a suitable level.Furthermore, for example in a scenario of low-power electricity generation by a renewable energy source, if the electrolysis system 10 produces hydrogen at low power, it is necessary to heat the electrolyte that is transported in the circulation pipeline 13, in particular the electrolyte that is about to enter the electrolysis unit 11, so that the temperature in the electrolysis unit 11 is kept at a suitable level. For this purpose, the electrolysis system 10 comprises a thermal management subsystem 100, which is configured to operate in a first thermal management mode shown in Fig. 1 when the electrolysis system 10 produces hydrogen at high power, thus cooling the electrolyte carried in the circulation pipeline 13, and to operate in a second thermal management mode shown in Fig. 2 when the electrolysis system 10 produces hydrogen at low power, thus heating the electrolyte which is about to enter the electrolysis device 11. With further reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the heat management subsystem 100 comprises a first heat exchanger 110, which is thermally coupled to the drain pipe of the circulation pipe 13, a second heat exchanger 120, which is thermally coupled to the supply pipe (i.e. “13c” in the figure) of the circulation pipe 13, and a drive device 105 for driving a cooling medium to flow. The statement that the first heat exchanger 110 is thermally coupled to the drain pipe of the circulation pipe 13 means that when the reaction products and the unused electrolyte flow from the electrolysis unit 11 through the drain pipe, heat exchange with the reaction products and the unused electrolyte can take place at the first heat exchanger 110. The first heat exchanger 110 can be thermally coupled to the drain pipe directly or indirectly in any suitable manner. For example, the first heat exchanger 110 can be connected to the drain pipe.As another example, as will be described in detail below, a further heat exchanger may be provided on the drain pipeline, this heat exchanger being configured to be able to undergo a direct or indirect heat exchange with the first heat exchanger 110 in any suitable manner. The statement that the second heat exchanger 120 is thermally coupled to the supply line of the circulation line 13 means that when an electrolyte flows from the electrolyte tank 12 through the supply line, a heat exchange can take place between the second heat exchanger 120 and the electrolyte. The second heat exchanger 120 can be thermally coupled to the supply line directly or indirectly in any suitable manner. For example, as described in detail below, the second heat exchanger 120 can be connected to the supply line. Alternatively, another heat exchanger can be provided on the supply line, configured to undergo a direct or indirect heat exchange with the second heat exchanger 120 in any suitable manner. In Figures 1 and 2, arrows AR1 and AR2 are used to indicate the flow directions of the cooling medium. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the first heat exchanger 110 and the second heat exchanger 120 are arranged on a flow path of the cooling medium, so that heat is exchanged with the cooling medium. The drive unit 105 can selectively operate in a first mode, shown in Figure 1, and a second mode, shown in Figure 2. Specifically, when the electrolysis system 10 produces hydrogen at a high power output, the drive unit 105 operates in the first mode shown in Figure 1, so that the thermal management subsystem 100 operates in the first thermal management mode; when the electrolysis system 10 produces hydrogen at a low power output, the drive unit 105 operates in the second mode shown in Figure 2, so that the thermal management subsystem 100 operates in the second thermal management mode. As shown in Fig. 1, when the electrolysis system 10 produces hydrogen at high power, the temperature of the reaction products and the unused electrolyte (hereinafter referred to as the "mixed flow") flowing out of the electrolysis unit 11 is high, e.g., about 95 °C. The mixed flow is conveyed via the discharge pipe to the electrolyte tank 12. Subsequently, the unused electrolyte (e.g., together with added water) is supplied to the electrolysis unit 11 via the supply pipe, thus achieving the circulation of the unused electrolyte. When the electrolysis system 10 is operating, the temperature of the electrolyte in the supply pipe will also be high, e.g., about 75 °C. The temperature of the electrolyte conveyed in the supply pipe is lower than the temperature of the mixed flow conveyed through the discharge pipe.Under such operating conditions, the electrolyte conveyed in the supply pipeline and the mixed flux conveyed in the discharge pipeline must be cooled so that the temperature in the electrolysis unit 11 is maintained at a suitable level and gas / liquid separation of the reaction products and the unused electrolyte is promoted. In particular, cooling the electrolyte conveyed in the supply pipeline makes it possible to reduce the temperature of the electrolyte that is about to enter the inlet 11c of the electrolysis unit 11, so that the temperature in the electrolysis unit 11 is maintained at a suitable level.Furthermore, cooling the mixed flow in the discharge pipe reduces the temperature of the mixed flow that will enter the electrolyte tank 12, thus promoting gas / liquid separation of the reaction products and the unused electrolyte. Additionally, reducing the temperature of the mixed flow entering the electrolyte tank 12 helps maintain the temperature in the electrolysis unit 11 at a suitable level. For this reason, when the electrolysis system 10 produces hydrogen at high power, the drive unit 105 operates in the first mode shown in Fig. 1, so that the cooling medium is forced to flow in a first direction, indicated by the arrows AR1. In this case, the first heat exchanger 110 is located downstream of the second heat exchanger 120 in the first direction. That is, with respect to the first heat exchanger 110 and the second heat exchanger 120, the cooling medium first flows through the second heat exchanger 120 and then flows through the first heat exchanger 110.In this way, the cooling medium can first cool the electrolyte conveyed in the supply pipeline and then cool the mixed flow conveyed in the discharge pipeline (it should be noted that this is possible because the temperature of the electrolyte conveyed in the supply pipeline is lower than the temperature of the mixed flow conveyed in the discharge pipeline). In other words, the thermal management subsystem 100 can use the same cooling medium and the same drive unit 105 to cool both the electrolyte conveyed in the supply pipeline and the mixed flow conveyed in the discharge pipeline when the electrolysis system 10 is producing hydrogen at high power. As shown in Fig. 2, when the electrolysis system 10 produces hydrogen at a low power, the temperature of the mixed flow exiting the electrolysis unit 11 (i.e., the reaction products and the unused electrolyte) is reduced somewhat, e.g., to about 80°C. The mixed flow is conveyed via the discharge pipe to the electrolyte tank 12. Subsequently, the unused electrolyte (e.g., along with added water) is supplied to the electrolysis unit 11 via the supply pipe, thus achieving the circulation of the unused electrolyte. Since the electrolysis system 10 produces hydrogen at a low power, the temperature of the electrolyte in the supply pipe is also reduced somewhat, e.g., to about 45°C.However, the temperature of the electrolyte conveyed in the supply pipeline is still lower than the temperature of the mixed flow conveyed through the discharge pipeline. Under such operating conditions, the electrolyte conveyed in the supply pipeline must be heated to maintain the temperature in the electrolysis unit 11 at a suitable level, and the mixed flow conveyed in the discharge pipeline must be cooled to promote gas / liquid separation of the reaction products and the unused electrolyte. In particular, heating the electrolyte conveyed in the supply pipeline makes it possible to increase the temperature of the electrolyte that is about to enter the inlet 11c of the electrolysis unit 11, thus maintaining the temperature in the electrolysis unit 11 at a suitable level.Furthermore, cooling the mixed flow in the drain pipeline makes it possible to reduce the temperature of the mixed flow that will soon enter the electrolyte container 12, thus promoting gas / liquid separation of the reaction products and the unused electrolyte. For this reason, when the electrolysis system 10 produces hydrogen at a low power level, the drive unit 105 operates in the second mode shown in Fig. 2, such that the cooling medium is forced to flow in a second direction opposite to the first direction, indicated by arrows AR2. In this case, the first heat exchanger 110 is located upstream of the second heat exchanger 120 in the second direction. That is, with respect to the first heat exchanger 110 and the second heat exchanger 120, the cooling medium first flows through the first heat exchanger 110 and then through the second heat exchanger 120. In this way, the cooling medium can first cool the mixed flow being conveyed in the discharge pipeline, and the temperature of the cooling medium can therefore rise to a temperature higher than that of the electrolyte being conveyed in the supply pipeline, i.e., to approximately 55 °C.In other words, the mixed flow conveyed in the discharge pipeline can heat the cooling medium to a temperature higher than that of the electrolyte conveyed in the supply pipeline. The heated cooling medium can then heat the electrolyte conveyed in the supply pipeline. In other words, the thermal management subsystem 100 can use the same cooling medium and the same drive unit 105 to cool the mixed flow conveyed in the discharge pipeline and to heat the electrolyte conveyed in the supply pipeline when the electrolysis system 10 is producing hydrogen at low power.More precisely, the thermal management subsystem can recover 100 waste heat from the mixed flow transported in the outflow pipeline when the electrolysis system 10 produces hydrogen at low power and use this waste heat to heat the electrolyte transported in the supply pipeline. With this configuration, the thermal management subsystem 100 can (i) use the same cooling medium and drive unit 105 to cool both the electrolyte conveyed in the supply pipeline and the mixed flow conveyed in the discharge pipeline when the electrolysis system 10 is producing hydrogen at high power, and (ii) use the same cooling medium and drive unit 105 to cool the mixed flow conveyed in the discharge pipeline and recover waste heat from it, and use the recovered waste heat to heat the electrolyte conveyed in the supply pipeline when the electrolysis system 10 is producing hydrogen at low power. The thermal management subsystem 100 can reduce the energy consumption and manufacturing costs of the electrolysis system 10 and increase the energy utilization efficiency of the electrolysis system 10. In this embodiment, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the cooling medium is ambient air and the drive device 105 is a fan. Accordingly, the first heat exchanger 110 and the second heat exchanger 120 are both gas-liquid heat exchangers. In the first mode, the fan rotates in a forward direction to cause the ambient air to flow in the first direction, indicated by the arrows AR1. Since the first heat exchanger 110 is located downstream of the second heat exchanger 120 in the first direction, with respect to the first heat exchanger 110 and the second heat exchanger 120, the ambient air first flows through the second heat exchanger 120 and then through the first heat exchanger 110. Because the temperature of the electrolyte carried in the supply line is lower than the temperature of the mixed flow carried in the discharge line, the ambient air can first cool the electrolyte carried in the supply line and then cool the mixed flow carried in the discharge line. In the second mode, the fan rotates in reverse to cause the ambient air to flow in the second direction, indicated by the arrows AR2. Since the first heat exchanger 110 is located upstream of the second heat exchanger 120 in the second direction, the cooling medium flows first through the first heat exchanger 110 and then through the second heat exchanger 120. Because the temperature of the mixed flow carried in the drain pipe is higher than the temperature of the electrolyte carried in the supply pipe, the ambient air can first cool the mixed flow carried in the drain pipe, and the ambient air temperature can therefore rise to a temperature higher than that of the electrolyte carried in the supply pipe.Afterwards, the heated ambient air can heat the electrolyte that is transported in the supply pipeline. An electric motor of the fan can demonstrably be a forward / reverse rotating electric motor, capable of rotating in a forward direction and also in a reverse direction. Forward and reverse rotation refer to rotation in opposite directions. For example, forward rotation means clockwise rotation, and reverse rotation means counterclockwise rotation, but the present application is not limited to this. Forward and reverse rotation of the electric motor accordingly enables fan blades to rotate in both directions, thus causing the ambient air to flow in the first or the second direction. Using ambient air as the cooling medium can reduce the number of components and piping in the thermal management subsystem 100, thereby reducing the cost and space requirements, and simplifying installation and maintenance. Furthermore, such forced convection can provide high cooling and heating efficiency. In some embodiments, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the fan (“105” in the figures) is arranged between the first heat exchanger 110 and the second heat exchanger 120 and is directly adjacent to them. The term “directly adjacent” means that the fan is located on the coolant flow path adjacent to the first heat exchanger 110 and the second heat exchanger 120, without any other structure or device in between that would impede the flow of the coolant. For example, the fan can be positioned directly next to or very close to the first heat exchanger 110 and the second heat exchanger 120 on the coolant flow path. Such a configuration can make the layout of the thermal management subsystem 100 compact. In some other embodiments, the fan can be arranged on one side of the first heat exchanger 110 and the second heat exchanger 120; for example, it can be arranged upstream of the second heat exchanger 120 in the first direction or downstream of the first heat exchanger 110 in the first direction. In some embodiments, the first heat exchanger 110 can indirectly exchange heat with the mixed flow conveyed in the drain pipe via a coolant. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the thermal management subsystem 100 further comprises: a third heat exchanger 130, a fourth heat exchanger 140, a coolant circulation pipe 150 connected between the first heat exchanger 110 and the third heat exchanger 130 and between the first heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger 140, and a second drive unit (e.g., “161” and “162” in Figs. 1 and 2). The third heat exchanger 130 is connected to the hydrogen-side drain pipe 13a and is a liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger. The fourth heat exchanger 140 is connected to the oxygen-side drain pipe 13b and is a liquid-liquid heat exchanger.The first heat exchanger 110 is connected to the third heat exchanger 130 and the fourth heat exchanger 140 via the coolant circulation line 150. The second drive unit is configured to drive the coolant to circulate between the first heat exchanger 110 and the third heat exchanger 130, and between the first heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger 140. When a hydrogen-side reaction product and unused electrolyte (hereinafter referred to as the "hydrogen-side mixed flow") flow from the electrolysis unit 11 through the hydrogen-side discharge line 13a, heat exchange can occur between the coolant and the hydrogen-side mixed flow at the third heat exchanger 130.When an oxygen-side reaction product and unused electrolyte (hereinafter referred to as the "oxygen-side mixed flow") flow from the electrolysis unit 11 through the oxygen-side discharge pipe 13b, heat exchange can occur between the coolant and the oxygen-side mixed flow at the fourth heat exchanger 140. Furthermore, regardless of whether the thermal management subsystem 100 is operating in the first thermal management mode shown in Fig. 1 or the second thermal management mode shown in Fig. 2, when the coolant flows through the first heat exchanger 110, the coolant can be cooled by the cooling medium.This configuration allows the first heat exchanger 110 to exchange heat via the coolant with the hydrogen-side mixed flow, which is conveyed in the hydrogen-side discharge pipe 13a, and the oxygen-side mixed flow, which is conveyed in the oxygen-side discharge pipe 13b. This configuration can make the layout of the thermal management subsystem 100 more flexible. Furthermore, this configuration allows the thermal management subsystem 100 to be easily added to an existing electrolysis system. With further reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the coolant circulation pipeline 150 comprises a main path 150c and a first branch 150a and a second branch 150b, which are connected in parallel to the main path 150c. In particular, the main path 150c may include a first node N1 and a second node N2, which are separated from each other. The first branch 150a and the second branch 150b may be connected in parallel between the first node N1 and the second node N2. The first heat exchanger 110 is connected to the main path 150c, the third heat exchanger 130 is connected to the first branch 150a, and the fourth heat exchanger 140 is connected to the second branch 150b.This means that the third heat exchanger 130 is connected to the hydrogen-side drain pipe 13a and the first branch 150a of the coolant circulation pipe 150, so that heat exchange is achieved between the coolant and the hydrogen-side mixed flow. The fourth heat exchanger 140 is connected to the oxygen-side drain pipe 13b and the second branch 150b of the coolant circulation pipe 150, so that heat exchange is achieved between the coolant and the oxygen-side mixed flow. In some embodiments, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the second drive unit can comprise a pump 161 and a pump 162; these two pumps are connected to the first branch 150a and the second branch 150b, respectively, for the purpose of driving the coolant to flow. The two pumps are controllable (for example, by means of a controller) so that the properties of a coolant flowing through the first branch 150a and a coolant flowing through the second branch 150b can be adjusted. This configuration enables precise control of the cooling of the hydrogen-side mixed flow and the oxygen-side mixed flow. In some other embodiments, the second drive unit may comprise a single pump connected to the main path 150c for the purpose of driving the coolant to flow, and the thermal management subsystem 100 may include a flow control device that is controllable to adjust the properties of a coolant flowing through the first branch 150a and a coolant flowing through the second branch 150b. For example, the flow control device may be a three-way control valve located at the first or second branch. As another example, the flow control device may comprise two control valves located at the first branch 150a and the second branch 150b, respectively. This configuration also allows for precise control of the cooling of the hydrogen-side mixed flow and the oxygen-side mixed flow. Furthermore, in some other embodiments, the first heat exchanger 110 can be connected to the drain line, so that heat is directly exchanged with the mixed flow conveyed in the drain line. In particular, the first heat exchanger 110 can be connected to the hydrogen-side drain line 13a and the oxygen-side drain line 13b (i.e., the hydrogen-side drain line 13a and the oxygen-side drain line 13b can extend through the first heat exchanger 110), so that when the aforementioned cooling medium and the hydrogen-side mixed flow and the oxygen-side mixed flow pass through the first heat exchanger 110, heat exchange between them is realized. In some embodiments, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the second heat exchanger 120 can be connected to the supply line 13c, so that heat is exchanged directly with the electrolyte transported in the supply line 13c. In some other embodiments, the second heat exchanger 120, like the first heat exchanger 110, may also exchange heat indirectly with the electrolyte transported in the supply line 13c via a cooling fluid. For the sake of brevity, details of this similar content are not repeated. In some embodiments, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the thermal management subsystem 100 can include a first temperature sensor 171 for measuring the temperature of an electrolyte entering the second heat exchanger 120 and / or a second temperature sensor 172 for measuring the temperature of an electrolyte leaving the second heat exchanger 120. This configuration makes it possible to select a thermal management mode of the thermal management subsystem 100 (i.e., the first thermal management mode shown in Fig. 1 or the second thermal management mode shown in Fig. 2) based on a measurement result from either the first temperature sensor 171 or the second temperature sensor 172. For example, if the measurement result is higher than or equal to a predetermined threshold, this indicates that the electrolyte being transported in the supply pipeline 13c needs to be cooled, so the thermal management subsystem 100 must operate in the mode shown in Fig.The first thermal management mode shown in Fig. 1 is operated. If the measurement result is lower than a predetermined threshold, this indicates that the electrolyte transported in the supply line 13c needs to be heated, so the thermal management subsystem 100 operates in the second thermal management mode shown in Fig. 2. Furthermore, the operation of the drive unit 105 can be precisely controlled based on the measurement result of the first temperature sensor 171 and / or the second temperature sensor 172, thus precisely controlling the temperature of the electrolyte that is about to enter the electrolysis unit 11. Figures 3 and 4 show an electrolysis system 10' according to a second embodiment of the present application. The configuration and operating principles of the electrolysis system 10' shown in Figures 3 and 4 are similar to the configuration and operating principles of the electrolysis system 10 shown in Figures 1 and 2. Therefore, for components or parts of the electrolysis system 10' that are identical or similar to those of the electrolysis system 10, the reference numerals that label components or parts of the electrolysis system 10 in Figures 1 and 2 are used to label the identical or similar components or parts of the electrolysis system 10' in Figures 3 and 4.For the sake of brevity, details of these identical or similar components or parts, including configuration and operating principles, will not be repeated, and unique features of the electrolysis system 10' will be highlighted below by comparing the electrolysis system 10' with the electrolysis system 10. Electrolysis system 10' differs from electrolysis system 10 in that the cooling medium of the thermal management subsystem and the drive unit used to drive the cooling medium into flow are different. In Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the thermal management subsystem of electrolysis system 10' is labeled "100'" and the drive unit of thermal management subsystem 100' is labeled "105'". In the thermal management subsystem 100', a cooling fluid (which may be the same as or different from the cooling fluid in the cooling fluid circulation pipeline 150 and may, for example, be water) is used as the cooling medium, a pump is used as the drive device 105', and the first heat exchanger 110 and the second heat exchanger 120 are both liquid-liquid heat exchangers and are arranged on a flow path of the cooling fluid so that heat is exchanged with the cooling fluid. In some embodiments, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, the thermal management subsystem 100' may include a cold source 180 and a coolant circulation line 190. The drive unit (i.e., the pump) 105', the first heat exchanger 110, the second heat exchanger 120, and the cold source 180 are connected in series by the coolant circulation line 190. The cold source 180 cools the coolant as the coolant flows through it. For example, the cold source may be any suitable cooling element. As another example, the cold source may be the earth. Due to the presence of the coolant circulation line 190, the coolant can circulate between the cold source 180 and the first heat exchanger 110 and between the cold source and the second heat exchanger 120. Similar to the drive unit 105 of the thermal management subsystem 100, the drive unit 105' of the thermal management subsystem 100' can selectively operate in a first mode or a second mode. In particular, when the electrolysis system 10' produces hydrogen at high power, the drive unit 105' operates in the first mode shown in Fig. 3, such that the coolant is driven to flow in a first direction, indicated by the arrows AR3. In this case, the coolant flows in the first direction through the cold source 180, the first heat exchanger 110, the second heat exchanger 120, and the drive unit (i.e., the pump) 105'; and, taking the cold source 180 as a reference, the first heat exchanger 110 is located downstream of the second heat exchanger 120 in the first direction. That is, with respect to the first heat exchanger 110 and the second heat exchanger 120, the coolant first flows through the second heat exchanger 120 and then flows through the first heat exchanger 110.In this way, the coolant can first cool the electrolyte conveyed in the supply pipeline and then cool the mixed flow conveyed in the discharge pipeline. Similar to the thermal management subsystem 100, the thermal management subsystem 100' can utilize the same coolant and the same drive unit 105' to cool both the electrolyte conveyed in the supply pipeline and the mixed flow conveyed in the discharge pipeline when the electrolysis system 10' is producing hydrogen at high power. When the electrolysis system 10' produces hydrogen at a low power level, the drive unit 105' operates in the second mode shown in Fig. 4, such that the coolant is driven to flow in a second direction opposite to the first direction, indicated by arrows AR4. In this case, the coolant flows in the second direction through the cold source 180, the first heat exchanger 110, the second heat exchanger 120, and the drive unit (i.e., the pump) 105'; and, taking the cold source 180 as a reference, the first heat exchanger 110 is located upstream of the second heat exchanger 120 in the second direction. That is, with respect to the first heat exchanger 110 and the second heat exchanger 120, the coolant first flows through the first heat exchanger 110 and then flows through the second heat exchanger 120.In this way, the coolant can first cool the mixed flow being transported in the drain pipe, and the temperature of the coolant can therefore rise to a temperature higher than that of the electrolyte being transported in the supply pipe. In other words, the mixed flow being transported in the drain pipe can heat the coolant to a temperature higher than that of the electrolyte being transported in the supply pipe. The heated coolant can then heat the electrolyte being transported in the supply pipe.In other words, the thermal management subsystem 100' can use the same coolant and drive unit 105' to cool the mixed flow conveyed in the discharge pipeline and heat the electrolyte conveyed in the supply pipeline when the electrolysis system 10' is producing hydrogen at low power. More precisely, the thermal management subsystem 100' can recover waste heat from the mixed flow conveyed in the discharge pipeline when the electrolysis system 10' is producing hydrogen at low power and use this waste heat to heat the electrolyte conveyed in the supply pipeline. With this configuration, the thermal management subsystem 100' can (i) use the same coolant and drive unit 105' to cool both the electrolyte conveyed in the supply pipeline and the mixed flow conveyed in the discharge pipeline when the electrolysis system 10' is producing hydrogen at high power, and (ii) use the same coolant and drive unit 105' to cool the mixed flow conveyed in the discharge pipeline and recover waste heat from it, and use the recovered waste heat to heat the electrolyte conveyed in the supply pipeline when the electrolysis system 10' is producing hydrogen at low power. The thermal management subsystem 100 can reduce the energy consumption and manufacturing costs of the electrolysis system 10' and increase the energy utilization efficiency of the electrolysis system 10. In some embodiments, the coolant can flow in a single direction instead of circulating between the cold source 180 and the first heat exchanger 110 and between the cold source and the second heat exchanger 120. For example, the first heat exchanger 110, the second heat exchanger 120, the cold source 180, and the coolant circulation line 190 can be configured similarly to a saltwater heat pump. It is understood that the present application is not limited to this. It is understood that, although electrolysis systems 10 and 10' have previously been described as utilizing power generated by a renewable energy source to produce hydrogen, the source of power for electrolysis systems 10 and 10' is not limited to this. Similarly, the first and second thermal management modes of thermal management subsystems 100 and 100' are not limited to being enabled in scenarios with high-power and low-power electricity generation from a renewable energy source. In the present application, terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one component, pipeline or mode from another component, pipeline or mode, but these components, pipelines and modes should not be limited by such terms. The present application has previously been described in detail in connection with specific embodiments. Naturally, the above description and the embodiments shown in the drawings should be understood as exemplary, without limiting the present application. Various changes or modifications could be made to the present application by a person skilled in the art without departing from the idea of ​​the present application, and all such changes or modifications will not affect the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

Thermal management subsystem (100, 100') for an electrolysis system (10, 10'), characterized in that the electrolysis system comprises an electrolysis unit (11) for electrolyzing water in an electrolyte, an electrolyte container (12) for storing an electrolyte, a supply pipeline (13c) for conveying the electrolyte from the electrolyte container to the electrolysis unit, and a discharge pipeline for conveying reaction products and unused electrolyte from the electrolysis unit to the electrolyte container, wherein the thermal management subsystem comprises: a first heat exchanger (110) configured to be thermally coupled to the discharge pipeline; a second heat exchanger (120) configured to be thermally coupled to the supply pipeline;and a drive device (105, 105') for driving a cooling medium to flow, wherein the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are configured to be arranged on a flow path of the cooling medium so that heat is exchanged with the cooling medium, and the drive device is capable of selectively operating in a first mode or a second mode, wherein: in the first mode, the drive device drives the cooling medium to flow in a first direction and the first heat exchanger is located downstream of the second heat exchanger in the first direction; and in the second mode, the drive device drives the cooling medium to flow in a second direction opposite to the first direction and the first heat exchanger is located upstream of the second heat exchanger in the second direction. Thermal management subsystem according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cooling medium is ambient air, the drive device is a fan, and the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are both gas-liquid heat exchangers; and the fan in the first mode rotates in a forward direction, so that the ambient air flows in the first direction; the fan in the second mode rotates in a reverse direction, so that the ambient air flows in the second direction. Thermal management subsystem according to claim 2, characterized in that: the fan is arranged between the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger and is directly adjacent to the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger. Thermal management subsystem according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cooling medium is a first cooling liquid, the drive device is a first pump, and the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are both liquid-liquid heat exchangers; and the pump in the first mode rotates in a forward direction so that the first cooling liquid flows in the first direction; the first pump in the second mode rotates in a reverse direction so that the cooling liquid flows in the second direction. Thermal management subsystem according to claim 4, characterized in that: the thermal management subsystem further comprises a cold source (180) and a first coolant circulation pipe (190); the first pump, the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger and the cold source are connected in series through the first coolant circulation pipe and the cold source cools the first coolant when the first coolant flows through it; in the first mode, the first coolant flows through the cold source, the first pump, the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger in the first direction and the first heat exchanger is located downstream of the second heat exchanger in the first direction when the cold source is taken as a reference;and the first coolant in the second mode flows through the cold source, the first pump, the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger in the second direction, and the first heat exchanger is located upstream of the second heat exchanger in the second direction, when the cold source is taken as a reference. Thermal management subsystem according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: the first heat exchanger is configured for the exchange of heat, via a second cooling fluid, with reaction products and unused electrolyte, which are conveyed from the electrolysis device via the drain pipeline to the electrolyte container. Thermal management subsystem according to claim 6, characterized in that: the electrolyte container comprises a hydrogen-side electrolyte container (12a) and an oxygen-side electrolyte container (12b), and the drain pipeline comprises a hydrogen-side drain pipeline (13a) for conveying a hydrogen-side reaction product and unused electrolyte from the electrolysis device to the hydrogen-side electrolyte container and an oxygen-side drain pipeline (13b) for conveying an oxygen-side reaction product and unused electrolyte from the electrolysis device to the oxygen-side electrolyte container, and the thermal management subsystem further comprises: a third heat exchanger (130) configured to be connected to the hydrogen-side drain pipeline and is a liquid-liquid heat exchanger;a fourth heat exchanger (140) configured to be connected to the oxygen-side drain pipeline and which is a liquid-to-liquid heat exchanger; a second coolant circulation pipeline (150) configured to be connected between the first and third heat exchangers and between the first and fourth heat exchangers; and a second drive device for driving the second coolant to circulate between the first and third heat exchangers and between the first and fourth heat exchangers. Thermal management subsystem according to claim 7, characterized in that the second coolant circulation pipeline comprises a main path (150c), a first branch (150a) and a second branch (150b) connected in parallel to the main path; the first heat exchanger is connected to the main path, the third heat exchanger is connected to the first branch and the fourth heat exchanger is connected to the second branch, wherein: the second drive device comprises a second pump, the second pump being connected to the main path, for the purpose of driving the second coolant to flow, and the thermal management subsystem further comprises a flow control device that is controllable for controlling the ratio of the second coolant flowing through the first branch and the second coolant flowing through the second branch;or the second drive device comprises a third pump (161) and a fourth pump (162), wherein the third and fourth pumps are connected to the first branch and the second branch respectively for the purpose of driving the second coolant to flow and are controllable for regulating the ratio of the second coolant flowing through the first branch and the second coolant flowing through the second branch. Thermal management subsystem according to one of claims 1-5 and 7-8, characterized in that: the second heat exchanger is connected to the supply pipeline and the thermal management subsystem further comprises a first temperature sensor (171) for measuring the temperature of an electrolyte entering the second heat exchanger and / or a second temperature sensor (172) for measuring the temperature of an electrolyte leaving the second heat exchanger. Electrolysis system (10, 10'), characterized in that the electrolysis system comprises: an electrolysis device (11) for electrolyzing water in an electrolyte; an electrolyte container (12) for storing an electrolyte; a supply pipeline (13c) for conveying an electrolyte from the electrolyte container to the electrolysis device; a drain pipeline for conveying reaction products and unused electrolyte from the electrolysis device to the electrolyte container;and the thermal management subsystem (100, 100') according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the first heat exchanger (110) is thermally coupled to the drain pipeline, the second heat exchanger (120) is thermally coupled to the supply pipeline, the drive device (105, 105') is configured to drive the cooling medium to flow, and the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are arranged on a flow path of the cooling medium so that heat is exchanged with the cooling medium.

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