MONITORING THE CONDITION OF A SHAPE MEMORY MATERIAL ELEMENT

Abstract

The state of a shape memory element in an actuator can be monitored and controlled to protect the shape memory element. The actuator can be configured to transform into an activated configuration upon activation, in which one dimension (e.g., the height) of the actuator increases. A sensor is configured to acquire sensor data. A portion of the shape memory element can be functionally engaged with the sensor. One or more processors can be functionally connected to monitor the state of the shape memory element based on the sensor data.

Description

AREA

[0001] The subject described here refers generally to actuators and in particular to actuators based on shape memory material. BACKGROUND

[0002] Some vehicles have actuators in one or more areas of a vehicle seat. These actuators can create a haptic effect for a seat occupant. Such an effect can provide support and / or comfort to the seat occupant. SUMMARY

[0003] In one respect, the present disclosure relates to a system. The system may include an actuator. The actuator may be configured to transform into an activated configuration upon activation, in which one dimension of the actuator increases. The actuator may include a shape memory material element. The system may include a sensor configured to acquire sensor data. A portion of the shape memory material element may be functionally engaged with the sensor. The system may include one or more processors functionally connected to monitor the state of the shape memory material element based on the sensor data.

[0004] In another respect, the present disclosure relates to a method for monitoring the state of a shape memory material element used in an actuator. A section of the shape memory material element can be functionally engaged with a sensor. The method can include causing the actuator to transform into an activated configuration. The method can include monitoring the state of the shape memory material element using sensor data acquired by the sensor. The method can include controlling an activated state of the actuator based on the acquired sensor data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. Figure 1 shows an example of a system for monitoring the state of a shape memory material element. Fig. Figure 2 is a close-up of a section of the system. Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an example of a system for monitoring the state of a shape memory material element. Fig. 4 is an example of a method for monitoring the state of a shape memory material element. Fig. Figures 5A-5C show a first example of an actuator. Fig. Figures 6A-6B show a second example of an actuator. Fig. Figures 7A-7B show a third example of an actuator. Fig. Figure 8 shows a fourth example of an actuator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0005] Some actuators used in vehicles employ shape memory alloys for actuation. Shape memory alloys can be susceptible to overstressing and / or overheating, which can lead to a reduced lifespan and / or effectiveness of the actuators. Accordingly, the arrangements described here aim to monitor the state of a shape memory material element. Such monitoring can be based on sensor data from a sensor that is functionally connected to, or interacts with, the shape memory material element. The state of the shape memory material element can then be controlled based on this sensor data.

[0006] Detailed embodiments are disclosed here; however, it is understood that the disclosed embodiments are intended only as examples. Therefore, the specific structural and functional details disclosed here are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis to convey to a person skilled in the art how the aspects described herein can be appropriately employed in virtually any suitable detailed structure. Furthermore, the terms and expressions used herein are not intended to represent a limitation, but rather to provide an understandable description of possible implementations. Fig. Figures 1-8 show different embodiments, but the embodiments are not limited to the structure or application shown.

[0007] Fig. Figure 1 shows an example of a system 100 for monitoring the state of a shape memory material element. The system 100 can include an actuator 110. The actuator 110 is represented generally because there are various suitable actuators that can operate with the arrangements described herein. The actuator is configured such that, upon activation, it transitions to an activated configuration in which one dimension (e.g., a height) of the actuator increases.

[0008] Actuator 110 can be a shape memory material-based actuator. Thus, actuator 110 can include a shape memory material element 120. When an activation input is applied to the shape memory material element 120, the shape memory material element 120 can contract, thereby transforming the actuator into an activated configuration in which one dimension, namely the height, of the actuator increases. In some arrangements, the contraction element can be a shape memory material element, which may include shape memory alloys and shape memory polymers. As an example, the contraction element can be a shape memory alloy wire. Several non-restrictive examples of suitable actuators are given in the Fig. 6-9 are shown and are described in more detail below.

[0009] The term "shape memory material" encompasses materials that change their shape when an activation input is applied to the shape memory material and that essentially return to their original shape when the activation input is removed. Examples of shape memory materials include shape memory alloys (SMA) and shape memory polymers (SMP).

[0010] In one or more arrangements, the shape memory material elements can be shape memory wire(s). For example, the shape memory material elements can be shape memory alloy wires. Thus, when an activation input (i.e., heat) is applied to the shape memory alloy wire(s), the wire(s) can contract. Shape memory alloy wires can be heated in any suitable way currently known or subsequently developed. For example, shape memory alloy wires can be heated by the Joule effect by passing an electric current through the wires. In some cases, arrangements can, if desired, provide cooling of the shape memory alloy wires to facilitate the return of the wires to an unactivated configuration.Of course, it goes without saying that the activation input can be applied to the shape memory alloy wire(s) in other ways. For example, heated air can be blown onto the shape memory alloy wire(s).

[0011] The wire(s) can have any suitable properties. For example, the wire(s) can be high-temperature wires with austenitic terminal temperatures of approximately 80°C to approximately 110°C. The wire(s) can have any suitable diameter. For example, the wire can have a diameter of approximately 0.2 mm to approximately 0.7 mm, approximately 0.3 mm to approximately 0.5 mm, or approximately 0.375 mm to approximately 0.5 mm. In some arrangements, the wire(s) can have a stiffness of up to approximately 70 gigapascals. The tensile strength of the SMA wire(s) can be between approximately 150 MPa and approximately 400 MPa. The wire(s) can be configured to provide an initial torque of approximately 300 to approximately 600 N·mm or more than approximately 500 N·mm, where the unit newton millimeter (N·mm) is a unit of torque (also called moment) in the SI system.One newton-meter corresponds to the torque resulting from a force of one newton acting perpendicularly on the end of a lever arm one meter long. In various aspects, the wire(s) can be configured to phase-change / transform, thereby moving the shape-memory material elements from the inactive position to an activated position in approximately 3 seconds or less, approximately 2 seconds or less, approximately 1 second or less, or approximately 0.5 seconds or less.

[0012] The wire(s) can be made of any suitable shape memory material currently known or subsequently developed. Various materials can be used to achieve different balances, properties, characteristics, and / or qualities. For example, an SMA wire can contain nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti or Nitinol). An example of a nickel-titanium shape memory alloy is FLEXINOL, available from Dynaolloy, Inc., Irvine, California. As another example, the SMA wires can be made of Cu-Al-Ni, Fe-Mn-Si, or Cu-Zn-Al.

[0013] The SMA wire can be configured so that it switches to a phase transition temperature T when a phase change occurs, for example by heating to a phase transition temperature T. SMAThe intrinsic property of SMA wires can be exploited by applying heat, for example, by passing an electric current through the SMA wire. The heat generated by the electrical resistance induces a phase or crystal structure transformation (i.e., twinning martensite, untwinning martensite, and austenite), resulting in an elongation or shortening of the SMA wire. In some embodiments, the SMA wire may experience a decrease in length of approximately 2 to 8 percent, or from approximately 3 percent to 6 percent, and in certain aspects of approximately 3.5 percent, during the phase change when heated from a temperature below Ti. SMA to a temperature above T SMA is heated.

[0014] The SMA wire can have a critical temperature. Once this critical temperature is reached, the SMA wire can no longer generate power. Therefore, if the SMA wire is heated beyond its critical temperature, it can no longer generate power. This inherent property of the SMA wire can be utilized according to the arrangements described here.

[0015] Other active materials can also be used in conjunction with the arrangements described here. For example, other shape memory materials can also be used. Shape memory materials, a class of active materials sometimes also referred to as smart materials, comprise materials or compositions that have the ability to remember their original shape, which can then be restored by applying an external stimulus, such as an activation signal.

[0016] Although the shape memory material elements are described as wires in some embodiments, it is understood that the shape memory material elements are not limited to wires. In fact, it is intended that suitable shape memory materials can be used in a variety of other forms, for example, as films, sheets, panels, strips, cables, tubes, or combinations thereof. In some arrangements, the shape memory material elements may have an insulating coating.

[0017] In some arrangements, the actuator 110 can comprise a single shape memory material element 120. In some cases, one or more sections of the shape memory material element 120 can extend outside the overall encapsulation of the actuator 110. For example, the shape memory material element 120 can comprise a first outer section 121 and a second outer section 122. Furthermore, a section of the shape memory material element 120 can extend inside the actuator 110. Thus, the shape memory material element 120 can comprise an inner section 123.

[0018] An example of the placement of the shape memory material element 120 will now be given in relation to Fig. 1 described. At the beginning of the left side of Fig. The first outer section 121 of the shape memory material element 120 can be located in the actuator 110. The shape memory material element 120 can then be guided with respect to the actuator 110. In some arrangements, the shape memory material element 120 can, for example, extend substantially linearly within the actuator 110. In other arrangements, the shape memory material element 120 can extend nonlinearly, for example, in a serpentine or zigzag arrangement. The shape memory material element 120 can exit the actuator 110. This section is the second outer section 122. In the second outer section, the shape memory material element 120 can functionally engage with a sensor 150, as shown in the figure. Fig. 2 is described in more detail.

[0019] The shape memory material element 120 can be activated and / or deactivated using any suitable form of energy and / or from any suitable source. For example, in some arrangements, the shape memory material element 120 can be made functional with an energy source (e.g., the energy source(s) 340 in Fig. 3) be connected. In one or more arrangements, the first outer section 121 can be functionally connected to receive electrical energy (e.g., current input). For example, the shape memory material element 120 can be functionally connected to a power source at an electrical connection 140. In one or more arrangements, the second outer section 122 can be functionally connected so that electrical energy can leave the system 100 (e.g., current output). For example, the shape memory material element 120 can be functionally connected to a power source at an electrical connection 141.

[0020] It is understood, however, that the arrangements described here are not limited to the activation and / or deactivation of the shape memory material element 120 based on electrical energy. In fact, the shape memory material element 120 can be activated and / or deactivated, for example, by supplying hot air, such as from a heater or other heat source, to the shape memory material element 120. The heater can be positioned functionally relative to the shape memory material element 120.

[0021] The shape memory element can have multiple mechanically isolated zones. Each mechanically isolated zone has no effect on the others. The shape memory element can be electrically connected along its entire length. However, when the shape memory element contracts or expands, this contraction or expansion occurs across all mechanically isolated zones.

[0022] The mechanically isolated zones can be defined by multiple isolation points. In the Fig. In the example shown, there can be four isolation points, including a first isolation point 130, a second isolation point 131, a third isolation point 132, and a fourth isolation point 133. The isolation points 130, 131, 132, and 133 can be defined in any suitable way. For example, the isolation points 130, 131, 132, and 133 can be locations where the shape memory material element 120 is crimped.

[0023] The isolation points 130, 131, 132, 133 can form a plurality of mechanically isolated zones, including a first mechanically isolated zone 160, a second mechanically isolated zone 161, a third mechanically isolated zone 162, a fourth mechanically isolated zone 163, and a fifth mechanically isolated zone 164. Each of these mechanically isolated zones is described in turn below.

[0024] The first mechanically isolated zone 160 can be defined by the first isolation point 130. The first mechanically isolated zone can comprise the first outer section 121 of the shape memory material element 120. The first isolation point 130 can be located at or near the point where the shape memory material element 120 enters the actuator.

[0025] The second mechanically isolated zone 161 can be defined between the first isolation point 130 and the second isolation point 131. The second mechanically isolated zone 161 can be largely, if not completely, defined by the section of the shape memory material element 120 that runs within the actuator 110.

[0026] The third mechanically isolated zone 162 can be defined between the second isolation point 131 and the third isolation point 132. The third mechanically isolated zone 162 can be a free-floating zone in which the shape memory material element 120 does not interact with any other structure.

[0027] The fourth mechanically isolated zone 163 can be defined between the third isolation point 132 and the fourth isolation point 133. The fourth mechanically isolated zone 163 can be monitored by sensors. The fourth mechanically isolated zone 163 can be located where the shape memory material element 120 is functionally engaged with the sensor 150. Further details regarding this area will be provided with reference to Fig. 2 described in more detail.

[0028] The fifth mechanically isolated zone 164 can be defined by and beyond the fourth isolation point 133. The fifth mechanically isolated zone 164 can encompass the second outer section 122 of the shape memory material element 120. The fourth isolation point 133 can be located at or near the point where the shape memory material element 120 exits the actuator 110.

[0029] With reference to Fig. Figure 2 is a close-up of a section of System 100. Fig. Figure 1 illustrates an example of the interaction between sensor 150 and shape memory material element 120. "Interaction" refers to an arrangement in which the activation and / or deactivation of the shape memory material element affects sensor 150.

[0030] As mentioned above, the sensor 150 can be a force-sensitive resistance sensor 155. The force-sensitive resistance sensor 155 can have a relatively thin and / or essentially flat structure. In one or more arrangements, the shape memory material element can be wrapped around the sensor 150. Thus, when the shape memory material element 150 contracts in response to an activation input (e.g., electrical energy), it can exert a force on the sensor 150. The force-sensitive resistance sensor 155 can be a resistance element that changes its resistance when a force, pressure, or mechanical stress is applied to it. The resistance depends on the amount of force, pressure, or mechanical stress applied. The resistance is proportional to the force, pressure, or mechanical stress acting upon it.

[0031] The shape memory material element 120 can be wound around the sensor 150 one or more times. Thus, the shape memory material elements 120 can be wound around the sensor 150 to form one or more coils 125.

[0032] In some arrangements, one or more structures can be used in conjunction with the sensor 150 to protect it. For example, a first protective element 170 can be functionally connected to one side of the sensor 150. Alternatively or additionally, a second protective element 175 can be functionally connected to the opposite side of the sensor 150. The first protective element 170 and the second protective element 175 can be dimensioned, shaped, and configured to protect the sensor 150 without impairing its operation.

[0033] With reference to Fig. Figure 3 shows an example of a System 300 for monitoring the state of a shape memory material element. The System 300 can comprise various elements. Some of the possible elements of the System 300 are shown in Fig. 3 are shown and will now be described. It is understood that System 300 does not include all of them. Fig. must have 3 elements shown or described here. System 300 can be any combination of the different elements shown. Fig. The system can include 3 elements as shown. Furthermore, it can add 300 additional elements to those shown. Fig. 3 shown. In some arrangements, the system 300 can exhibit one or more of the features shown. Fig. The three elements shown are not included. Furthermore, the elements shown may be physically separated by large distances. In fact, one or more of the elements may be located remotely from the other elements, for example, on a remote server or a cloud-based server.

[0034] In addition to the actuator 110, the system 300 can include one or more processors 310, one or more data storage devices 320, one or more sensors 330, one or more power sources 340, one or more input interfaces 350, one or more output interfaces 360, and / or one or more control modules 370. Each of these elements is described in turn below.

[0035] As mentioned above, the System 300 can include one or more Processors 310. "Processor" means any component or group of components configured to execute any of the processes described herein or any form of instruction to perform such processes or to cause them to be executed. The Processor(s) 310 can be implemented with one or more general-purpose processors and / or one or more specialized processors. Examples of suitable processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, DSP processors, and other circuits capable of running software.Other examples of suitable processors include a central processing unit (CPU), an array processor, a vector processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic array (PLA), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), programmable logic circuits, and a control unit. The processor(s) 310 can comprise at least one hardware circuit (e.g., an integrated circuit) configured to execute instructions contained in program code. In arrangements containing multiple processors 310, these processors can operate independently, or one or more processors can operate in combination.

[0036] The System 300 can include one or more data storage devices 320 for storing one or more types of data. The data storage device(s) 320 can be volatile and / or non-volatile. Examples of suitable data storage devices 320 are RAM (Random Access Memory), Flash Memory, ROM (Read-Only Memory), PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory), EPROM (Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory), EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), registers, magnetic disks, optical disks, hard disks, or any other suitable storage medium or combination thereof. The data storage device(s) 320 can be a component of the processor(s) 310, or the data storage device(s) 320 can be functionally connected to the processor(s) 310 for use by it.The term “functionally connected”, as used in this description, may include direct or indirect connections, including connections without direct physical contact.

[0037] The System 300 can include one or more Sensors 330. "Sensor" means any device, component, and / or system capable of detecting, determining, evaluating, monitoring, measuring, quantifying, capturing, and / or sensing. The one or more sensors can detect, determine, evaluate, monitor, measure, quantify, capture, and / or sensing in real time. As used here, the term "real time" means a level of processing responsiveness that a user or system perceives as sufficiently immediate for a particular process or determination, or that enables the processor to keep pace with an external process.

[0038] In configurations where the system 300 comprises a plurality of sensors 330, the sensors can operate independently of one another. Alternatively, two or more of the sensors can operate in combination. In this case, the two or more sensors can form a sensor network. The sensor(s) 330 can function with the processor(s) 310, the data storage(s) 320, and / or other elements of the system 300 (including all those specified in the Fig. 1 elements shown) be connected.

[0039] The sensor(s) 330 can / can be used in conjunction with Fig. The sensor(s) 330 may include the sensor 150 described above (e.g., the force-sensitive resistance sensor 155). Furthermore, the sensor(s) 330 may include any suitable type of sensor currently known or subsequently developed that provides information or data about the actuator 110, the shape memory material element 120, or any other part or component of the system 100. Fig. 1 or of the system Fig. 2 can be captured.

[0040] As mentioned above, the system 300 can include one or more energy sources 340. The energy source(s) 340 can be any energy source capable of and / or configured to power the actuator 110, as described later. For example, the energy source(s) 340 can include one or more batteries, one or more fuel cells, one or more generators, one or more AC generators, one or more solar cells, and combinations thereof. The energy source(s) 340 can be any suitable source of electrical energy.

[0041] The System 300 can include one or more input interfaces 350. An "input interface" includes any device, component, system, element, or arrangement or group of such that enables the input of information / data into a machine. The input interface(s) 350 can receive input from a vehicle occupant (e.g., a driver or passenger). Any suitable input interface 350 can be used, including, for example, a keyboard, gesture recognition interface, speech recognition interface, display, touchscreen, multi-touchscreen, button, joystick, mouse, trackball, microphone, and / or combinations thereof.

[0042] The System 300 can include one or more Output Interfaces 360. An "Output Interface" includes any device, component, system, element, or arrangement or group thereof that enables the presentation of information / data to a vehicle occupant (e.g., a person, a vehicle occupant, etc.). The Output Interface(s) 360 can present information / data to a vehicle occupant. The Output Interface(s) 360 can include a display. Alternatively or additionally, the Output Interface(s) 360 can include headphones and / or a speaker. Some components of the System 300 can function as both an Input Interface 350 component and an Output Interface 360 ​​component.

[0043] The System 300 may comprise one or more modules, at least some of which are described herein. The modules may be implemented as computer-readable program code which, when executed by a processor, implements one or more of the various processes described herein. One or more of the modules may be a component of the Processor(s) 310, or one or more of the modules may be executed on and / or distributed to other processing systems with which the Processor(s) 310 is / are operationally connected. The modules may contain instructions (e.g., program logic) that can be executed by one or more Processors 310. Alternatively or additionally, one or more Data Stores 320 may contain such instructions. In some arrangements, the modules may be located remotely from the other elements of the System 300.

[0044] In one or more configurations, the modules described here can include elements of artificial or computational intelligence, such as neural networks, fuzzy logic, or other machine learning algorithms. Furthermore, the modules in one or more configurations can be distributed across a multitude of modules. In one or more configurations, two or more of the modules described here can be combined into a single module.

[0045] The System 300 can include one or more control modules 370. The control module(s) 370 can include profiles and logic for controlling the actuator 110. The control module(s) 370 can use profiles, parameters, or settings that are loaded into the control module(s) 370 and / or stored in the data store(s) 320, such as actuation profiles. In some configurations, the control modules 370 can be located remotely from the other elements of the System 300, for example, on a remote server, a cloud-based server, or an edge server.

[0046] The control modules 370 can be configured to activate or deactivate one or more of the actuators 110. As used here, "cause" means to directly or indirectly bring about, force, compel, direct, command, instruct, and / or enable an event or action to occur or at least to be in a state in which such an event or action may occur. For example, the control module(s) 370 can cause the actuator 110 to be selectively activated or deactivated in any suitable manner. For example, if the actuator 110 includes a shape memory material element 120, the shape memory material element 120 can be heated by the Joule effect by passing an electric current through the shape memory material element.For this purpose, the control module(s) 370 can be configured to selectively allow, restrict, adjust, modify, and / or prevent the flow of electrical energy from the power source(s) 340 to the shape memory material element 120 of the actuator 110. The control module(s) 370 can be configured to send control signals or commands to one or more elements of the system 200 via a communication network 390.

[0047] The control module(s) 370 can be configured to activate or deactivate the actuator 110 based on various events, conditions, inputs, or other factors. For example, the control module(s) 370 can be configured to activate or deactivate the actuator 110 based on user input. A user can provide input via the input interface(s) 250.

[0048] In some configurations, the control module(s) 370 can be configured to activate or deactivate the actuator 110. In some cases, the control module(s) 370 can be configured to set the activation level of the actuator 110. For example, the control module(s) 370 can be configured to cause the actuator 110 to be in an activated configuration corresponding to its fully activated position (e.g., extended to its maximum height). The control module(s) 370 can be configured to place the actuator 110 in one or more activated configurations between the inactive and fully activated configurations, for example, an extended position but below its maximum height.The control module(s) 370 can be configured to retain the activated configuration of the actuator 110. The control module(s) 270 can be configured to set the activated configuration of the actuator 110.

[0049] The control module(s) 370 can be configured to receive sensor data from sensor 150. The control module(s) 370 can be configured to analyze the sensor data. For example, if the sensor is a force-sensitive resistance sensor 155, the control module(s) 370 can be configured to detect changes in the resistance of the force-sensitive resistance sensor 155 or the values ​​measured by it.

[0050] As mentioned above, the resistance of the force-sensitive resistance sensor 155 stops changing once the critical temperature is reached, even if the shape memory material element 120 is heated beyond the critical temperature. Once the resistance of the force-sensitive resistance sensor 155 no longer changes, the control module(s) 370 can detect that the shape memory material element has reached its critical temperature and that the actuator 110 is in its maximum activated configuration.

[0051] The actual resistance value of the force-sensitive resistance sensor 155 does not need to be known. Rather, the control module(s) 370 only needs to monitor changes in electrical resistance. When the control module(s) 370 detects that the resistance is no longer changing, it can be configured to take one or more actions. For example, the control module(s) 370 can interrupt the supply of electrical energy to the shape memory material element 120. Alternatively, the control module(s) 370 can maintain the current state of the actuator 110. Thus, no additional energy is supplied to the shape memory material element 120. In this way, no additional energy is supplied to the shape memory material element 120, and therefore no energy is wasted.

[0052] It is understood that the arrangements described here are not limited to force-sensitive resistance sensors or the monitoring of resistance changes. In fact, the arrangements described here can be configured to monitor the state of the shape memory material element 120 based on any sensor data. Such monitoring can be based on any parameters, properties, or metrics. The control module(s) 370 can be configured to determine, based on feedback from one or more of the sensors 150, when at least one metric is met.

[0053] The various elements of System 200 may be communicatively connected to one or more communication networks 290 or to one or more other elements. As used herein, the term “communicatively connected” may include direct or indirect connections via a communication channel, bus, path, or other component or system. A “communication network” means one or more components designed to transmit and / or receive information from one source to another. The data storage device(s) 220 and / or one or more other elements of System 200 may contain and / or execute suitable communication software that enables the various elements to communicate with one another via the communication network and to perform the functions disclosed herein.

[0054] The one or more communication networks 390 can be implemented without restriction as a Wide Area Network (WAN), Local Area Network (LAN), Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), wireless network, mobile network, Virtual Private Network (VPN), Internet, hardwired communication bus and / or one or more intranets. The Communication Network 390 can also be implemented as or comprise one or more wireless networks, regardless of whether they are short-range networks (e.g., a local wireless network built using Bluetooth or one of the IEEE 802 wireless communication protocols, such as 802.11a / b / g / i, 802.15, 802.16, 802.20, Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA), or WPA2) or long-range networks (e.g., a mobile, cellular, and / or satellite-based wireless network; GSM, TDMA, CDMA, WCDMA networks, or the like).The 390 communication network can include wired and / or wireless communication links. The 390 communication network can include any combination of the above-mentioned networks and / or other types of networks.

[0055] Having now described the various potential systems, devices, elements, and / or components of System 200, we will now describe various procedures. Several possible steps of such procedures will now be described. The described procedures may be applicable to the arrangements described above; however, it is understood that the procedures can also be carried out with other suitable systems and arrangements. Furthermore, the procedures may include additional steps not shown here, and indeed, the procedures are not limited to including every step shown. The blocks presented here as part of the procedures are not restricted to a specific chronological order. In fact, some of the blocks may be executed in a different order than shown, and / or at least some of the shown blocks may occur simultaneously.

[0056] In Fig. Figure 4 shows an example of a method 400 for monitoring the state of a shape memory material element. In block 410, the actuator 110 can be caused to transform into an activated configuration. This can be done by the processor(s) 310 and / or the control module(s) 370. For example, the processor(s) 310 and / or the control module(s) 370 can cause electrical energy to be supplied from the power source(s) 340 to the multiple actuators 110. More specifically, the processor(s) 310 and / or the control module(s) 370 can cause electrical energy to be supplied from the power source(s) 340 to the shape memory material element 120 of the actuator 110. As a result, the shape memory material element 120 can contract, thereby bringing the actuator 110 into the activated configuration in which the height of the actuator 110 can increase.The initiation can occur automatically, in response to user input (e.g., via input interface(s) 350), or in any other suitable manner. Procedure 400 can be continued with block 420.

[0057] In block 420, the state of the shape memory element 120 can be monitored. This monitoring can be performed by the control module(s) 370 and / or the processor(s) 310 based on sensor data acquired by the sensor 150 (e.g., the force-sensitive resistance sensor 155). In one or more configurations, the control module(s) 370 and / or the processor(s) 310 can monitor changes in the resistance of the sensor 150 and / or the resistance measured by the sensor 150. In a specific configuration, the control module(s) 370 and / or the processor(s) 310 can monitor when the resistance of the sensor 150 and / or the resistance measured by the sensor ceases to change. Method 400 can be continued with block 430.

[0058] In block 430, the activated configuration of actuator 110 can be controlled based on the monitored state of the shape memory element 120. This control can be performed by the control module(s) 370 and / or the processor(s) 310. For example, if the resistance of sensor 150 and / or the resistance measured by sensor 150 stops changing, the control module(s) 370 and / or the processor(s) 310 can interrupt the supply of electrical energy to the shape memory element 120. Alternatively, if the resistance of sensor 150 and / or the resistance measured by sensor 150 no longer changes, the control module 370 can maintain the current state of actuator 110. Thus, the control module 370 and / or the processor 310 can ensure that the supply of electrical energy to the shape memory material element 120 is maintained at the current level.

[0059] As mentioned above, the resistance of the force-sensitive resistance sensor 155 no longer changes once the critical temperature is reached, even if the shape memory element 120 is heated beyond the critical temperature. Once the resistance of the force-sensitive resistance sensor 155 no longer changes, the control module(s) 370 can detect that the shape memory element has reached its critical temperature and that the actuator 110 is in its maximum activated configuration.

[0060] The actual resistance value of the force-sensitive resistance sensor 155 does not need to be known. Rather, the control module(s) 370 only needs to monitor changes in electrical resistance. When the control module(s) 370 detects that the resistance is no longer changing, it can be configured to take one or more actions. For example, the control module(s) 370 can interrupt the supply of electrical energy to the shape memory material element 120. Alternatively, the control module(s) 370 can maintain the current state of the actuator 110. Thus, no additional energy is supplied to the shape memory material element 120. In this way, no additional energy is supplied to the shape memory material element 120, and therefore no energy is wasted.

[0061] Procedure 400 can be terminated. Alternatively, procedure 400 can return to block 410 or to another block. Procedure 400 can be repeated at any suitable time, for example, at an appropriate time or upon the occurrence of a suitable event or condition.

[0062] As mentioned above, the arrangements described here can be used in conjunction with a variety of actuators. The actuators can be essentially identical. Alternatively, one or more of the actuators can differ from the other actuators in one or more respects. Fig. Figures 5-8 show some non-restrictive examples of suitable actuators.

[0063] The Fig. Figures 5A-5C show an example of an actuator 500 suitable for use in conjunction with the arrangements described herein. The basic details of the actuator 500 are now described. Further details of the actuator 500 are described in U.S. Patent 10,960,793 B2, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0064] The actuator 500 is shown here with an outer skin 510, hinge arrangements 520, and an input-reactive element 30. The actuator 600 can have a first dimension 540 and a second dimension 550.

[0065] The input-reactive element 530 can comprise one or more elements capable of transitioning from a first configuration to a second configuration. The transition of the input-reactive element 530 from the first configuration to the second configuration displaces the hinge assemblies 520 relative to the outer skin 510 and causes a change in the configuration of the outer skin 510. In some embodiments, the input-reactive element 530 can comprise an SMM wire 532. The SMM wire 532 can be a shape-memory alloy.

[0066] Fig. Figure 5A shows an example of the actuator 500 in a non-activated configuration. Upon heating, the SMM wire 532 can contract, causing the hinge assemblies 520 to move towards each other. As a result, the actuator 500 can transform from a non-activated configuration to an activated configuration, as shown in Figure 5A. Fig. 5C is shown. In the activated configuration, the second dimension 550 of the actuator can increase and the first dimension 540 of the actuator 500 can decrease.

[0067] The Fig. Figures 6A-6B show another example of an actuator 600 suitable for use in conjunction with the arrangements described herein. The basic details of the actuator 600 are now described. Further details of the actuator 600 are described in U.S. patent application US 17 / 729,522 A1, which is incorporated herein by reference. Fig. Figure 6A shows an example of the actuator 600 in a non-activated state, and Fig. Figure 6B shows an example of the actuator 600 in an activated state.

[0068] The actuator 600 can comprise a first end cap 610 and a second end cap 620. The first end cap 610 and the second end cap 620 can be spaced apart from each other. The actuator 600 can comprise a first outer element 640 and a second outer element 650. The first outer element 640 and the second outer element 650 can have a curved shape.

[0069] The actuator 600 can include one or more shape memory material elements 680. The shape memory material elements 680 can be functionally connected to the first end cap 610 and the second end cap 620. The term "shape memory material" encompasses materials that change their shape when an activation input is applied to the shape memory material and that, when the activation input is removed, substantially return to their original shape. Examples of shape memory materials are shape memory alloys (SMA) and shape memory polymers (SMP).

[0070] In one or more arrangements, the shape memory material elements can be 680 shape memory wire elements. For example, the shape memory material elements can be 680 shape memory alloy wires. Thus, when an activation signal (i.e., heat) is applied to the shape memory alloy wire(s), the wire(s) can contract. Shape memory alloy wires can be heated in any suitable way currently known or subsequently developed. For example, shape memory alloy wires can be heated by the Joule effect by passing an electric current through the wires. In some cases, arrangements can provide cooling of the shape memory alloy wires, if required, to facilitate the return of the wires to a non-activated configuration.

[0071] As mentioned above, Fig. Figure 6B shows an example of the actuator 600 in an activated state. When an activation input (e.g., electrical energy) is applied to the shape memory material element(s) 680, the shape memory material element(s) 680 can contract. This contraction causes the shape memory material element(s) 680 to pull the first end cap 610 and the second end cap 620 towards each other in a direction corresponding to the first dimension 690.

[0072] Consequently, the ends of the first outer element 640 can be pulled towards each other in a direction corresponding to the first dimension 690, and the ends of the second outer element 650 can be pulled towards each other in a direction corresponding to the first dimension 690. This allows the first outer element 640 and the second outer element 650 to bend outwards and away from each other in a direction corresponding to the second dimension 695. It should be noted that the first dimension 690 (i.e., the width) of the actuator 600 can decrease, and the second dimension 695 (i.e., the height) of the actuator 600 can increase.

[0073] The Fig. Figures 7A-7B show an example of an actuator 700 suitable for use in the arrangements described herein. The basic details of the actuator 700 are now described. Further details of the actuator 700 are described in U.S. patent application US 18 / 329,217 A1, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0074] The actuator 700 can comprise a first outer body element 710, a second outer body element 730, a first end cap 760, a second end cap 770, and a shape memory material element 780. The first outer body element 710 can comprise a first section 712 and a second section 714. The first section 712 and the second section 714 can be functionally connected to each other, allowing them to move relative to one another. In one or more arrangements, the first section 712 and the second section 714 can be pivotally connected to each other. For example, the first section 712 and the second section 714 can be pivotally connected to each other by one or more hinges. The first section 712 and the second section 714 can be angled relative to each other. As a result, the first outer body element 710 can generally have a V-shaped form.

[0075] The second outer body element 730 can comprise a first section 732, a second section 734, and a base 736. In one or more arrangements, both the first section 732 and the second section 734 can be pivotally connected to the base 736. For example, the first section 732 can be pivotally connected to the base 736 by one or more hinges, and the second section 734 can be pivotally connected to the base 736 by one or more hinges. The first section 732 and the second section 734 can be located on opposite sides of the base 736.

[0076] The actuator 700 can comprise a first end cap 760 and a second end cap 770. The first end cap 760 and the second end cap 770 can be spaced apart from each other. The actuator 700 can comprise one or more shape memory material elements 780. The shape memory material element(s) 780 can extend between the first end cap 760 and the second end cap 770 in any suitable manner. The shape memory material element(s) 780 can be functionally connected to the first end cap 760 and the second end cap 770.

[0077] Fig. Figure 7A shows an example of the actuator 700 in a non-activated configuration. Here, the shape memory material elements 780 are not activated. Fig. Figure 7B shows an example of the actuator 700 in an activated configuration. When an activation input (e.g., electrical energy) is applied to the shape memory material element(s) 780, the shape memory material element(s) 780 can contract. This contraction causes the shape memory material element(s) 780 to pull the first end cap 760 and the second end cap 770 toward each other in a direction corresponding to a first dimension 790. As a result, the first outer body element 710 and the second outer body element 730 can expand outward and away from each other in a direction corresponding to a second dimension 795. It should be noted that when transitioning from the inactive state to the active state, the first dimension 790 (i.e., the width) of the actuator 700 may decrease and / or the second dimension 795 (i.e., the height) of the actuator 700 may increase.Furthermore, it should be noted that the actuator 700 can exert a force in a direction that lies outside the plane or otherwise differs from the contraction direction of the shape memory material element 780.

[0078] Fig. Figure 8 shows an example of an actuator 800 suitable for use in the arrangements described herein. The basic details of the actuator 800 are now described. Further details of the actuator 800 are described in U.S. patent application US 18 / 329,217 A1, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0079] The actuator 800 can comprise a first outer body element 810, a second outer body element 830, and one or more shape memory material elements 880. The actuator 800 comprises a first end cap 860 and a second end cap 870. The first end cap 860 and the second end cap 870, which are in Fig. The 8 shown differ from the first end cap 760 and the second end cap 770, which are shown in the Fig. 7A-7B are shown.

[0080] Fig. Figure 8 shows an example of the actuator 800 in a non-activated configuration. Here, the shape memory material elements 880 are not activated. When an activation input (e.g., electrical energy) is applied to the shape memory material elements 880, they can contract. This contraction causes the shape memory material element(s) 880 to pull the first end cap 860 and the second end cap 870 toward each other in a direction corresponding to the first dimension 890. As a result, the first outer body element 810 and the second outer body element 830 can expand outward and away from each other in a direction corresponding to the second dimension 895. It should be noted that when transitioning from the inactive state to the active state, the first dimension 890 (i.e., the width) of the actuator 800 may decrease and / or the second dimension 895 (i.e., the height) of the actuator 800 may increase.

[0081] The various in the Fig. The examples of actuators shown in Figures 5-8 are merely examples and are not intended to be limiting. Further actuators are described in US patent applications US 2023 / 0191953 A1 and US 2023 / 0136197 A1, as well as in US patents US 11,370,330 B2, US 11,285,844 B2 and US 11,091,060 B2, which are incorporated herein in their entirety by reference.

[0082] The arrangements described here can be used in any application where shape-memory actuators are employed. For example, the arrangements described here can be used in conjunction with seat actuators or other actuators in a vehicle. "Vehicle" means any form of transportation, including motorized or powered vehicles. In one or more embodiments, the vehicle may be an automobile. Although the arrangements are described here in relation to automobiles, it is understood that the embodiments are not limited to automobiles. In some embodiments, the vehicle may be a watercraft, an aircraft, a spacecraft, or any other form of transportation. It is understood, however, that the arrangements described here are not limited to vehicle applications.For example, the arrangements described here can be used in conjunction with an office chair, a chair, a massage chair, a gaming chair, a recliner, or any other currently known or subsequently developed seating structure. Of course, the arrangements are not limited to seating applications.

[0083] It is understood that the arrangements described here can offer numerous advantages, including one or more of those mentioned. For example, the arrangements described here can enable indirect measurement of the maximum actuation state of a shape memory element. The arrangements described here can enable such indirect measurement using cost-effective sensors. The arrangements described here do not require calibration. The arrangements described here can protect shape memory elements from overheating and / or overstressing. The arrangements described here can help maximize the service life of a shape memory element. The arrangements described here can enable improved actuator performance.

[0084] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, procedures, and computer program products according to various embodiments. In this respect, each block in the flowcharts or block diagrams can represent a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions specified in the block may occur in a different order than shown in the figures. For example, two consecutively depicted blocks may actually execute essentially simultaneously, or the blocks may sometimes execute in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved.

[0085] The systems, components, and / or processes described above can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software, and can be implemented centrally in a processing system or in a distributed manner, with different elements distributed across several interconnected processing systems. Any type of processing system or other device suitable for carrying out the procedures described herein is suitable. A typical combination of hardware and software might be a processing system with computer-readable program code that, when loaded and executed, controls the processing system to perform the procedures described herein.The systems, components, and / or processes may also be embedded in computer-readable memory, such as a computer program product or other data program storage device that can be read by a machine and contains a program with instructions that the machine can execute to perform the procedures and processes described herein. These elements may also be embedded in an application product that includes all the functions necessary to implement the procedures described herein and that, when loaded into a processing system, is capable of executing these procedures.

[0086] Furthermore, the arrangements described herein can take the form of a computer program product embodied in one or more computer-readable media on which computer-readable program code is embodied, i.e., stored. Any combination of one or more computer-readable media can be used. The computer-readable medium can be a computer-readable signaling medium or a computer-readable storage medium. The term "computer-readable storage medium" means a non-transient storage medium. A computer-readable storage medium can be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device, or apparatus, or a suitable combination thereof.More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk drive (HDD), a solid-state drive (SSD), working memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disc (DVD), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or a suitable combination of the foregoing. For the purposes of this document, a computer-readable storage medium can be any physical medium capable of containing or storing a program for use by or in conjunction with a command-execution system, device, or apparatus.

[0087] The terms "one" and "an," as used here, are defined as one or more than one. The term "multiple," as used here, is defined as two or more than two. The term "another," as used here, is defined as at least one other or more. The terms "including" and / or "with," as used here, are defined as inclusive (i.e., open language). The term "or" is intended to mean an inclusive "or" and not an exclusive "or." The phrase "at least one of ... and ...," as used here, refers to and includes all possible combinations of one or more of the listed elements. For example, the phrase "at least one of A, B, and C" includes only A, only B, only C, or any combination thereof (e.g., AB, AC, BC, or ABC).As used here, the term "essentially" or "approximately" encompasses precisely the term it modifies, plus minor deviations from it. Thus, the term "essentially parallel" means precisely parallel and minor deviations from it."Minor deviations from these" may be within 15 degrees / percent / units or less, within 14 degrees / percent / units or less, within 13 degrees / percent / units or less, within 12 degrees / percent / units or less, within 11 degrees / percent / units or less, within 10 degrees / percent / units or less, within 9 degrees / percent / units or less, within 8 degrees / percent / units or less, within 7 degrees / percent / units or less, within 6 degrees / percent / units or less, within 5 degrees / percent / units or less, within 4 degrees / percent / units or less, within 3 degrees / percent / units or less, within 2 degrees / percent / units or less, or within 1 degree / percent / unit or less. In some cases, "essentially" may also be within normal manufacturing tolerances.

[0088] Aspects herein may be embodied in other forms without deviating from the idea or its essential characteristics. Accordingly, reference should be made to the following claims rather than the preceding description to indicate their scope. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] US 10,960,793 B2

[0063] US 17 / 729,522 A1

[0067] US 18 / 329,217 A1 [0073, 0078] US 2023 / 0191953 A1

[0081] US 2023 / 0136197 A1

[0081] US 11,370,330 B2

[0081] US 11,285,844 B2

[0081] US 11,091,060 B2

[0081]

Claims

[1] System, exhibiting: an actuator configured to transform into an activated configuration in which one dimension of the actuator increases, wherein the actuator comprises a shape memory material element; a sensor configured to acquire sensor data, wherein a section of the shape memory material element is functionally engaged with the sensor; and one or more processors that are functionally connected to monitor the state of the shape memory material element based on sensor data. [2] System according to claim 1, wherein the shape memory material element comprises an outer section extending outside the actuator. [3] System according to claim 2, wherein the section of the shape memory material element extending outside the actuator is functionally engaged with the sensor. [4] System according to claim 3, wherein the outer section of the shape memory material element is wrapped around the sensor, whereby a property of the sensor changes when the shape memory material element contracts. [5] System according to claim 4, wherein the sensor is a force-sensitive resistance sensor. [6] System according to claim 4, further comprising one or more protective elements which are functionally connected to the sensor, wherein the protective elements protect the sensor from the shape memory material element. [7] System according to claim 1, wherein the shape memory material element is a shape memory alloy. [8] System according to claim 1, wherein the shape memory material element is a wire. [9] System according to claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are configured such that they: control the state of the shape memory material element using sensor data. [10] System according to claim 9, wherein monitoring the state of the shape memory material element comprises monitoring changes in a resistance of the sensor. [11] System according to claim 9, wherein the one or more processors are configured to interrupt the power supply to the shape memory material element when at least one metric based on sensor data is satisfied. [12] System according to claim 9, wherein the one or more processors are configured to maintain the energy supply to the shape memory material element substantially at a current level when at least one metric based on sensor data is satisfied. [13] System according to claim 1, wherein the shape memory material element comprises a plurality of mechanically isolated zones, wherein the plurality of mechanically isolated zones is defined by a plurality of isolation points along the shape memory material element. [14] System according to claim 13, wherein the plurality of isolation points are areas in which the shape memory material element is crimped. [15] System according to claim 13, wherein the shape memory material element is functionally engaged with the sensor in one of the plurality of mechanically isolated zones located outside the actuator. [16] Method for monitoring the state of a shape memory material element used in an actuator, wherein a section of the shape memory material element is functionally engaged with a sensor, the method comprising: Causing the actuator to transform into an activated configuration; Monitoring the state of the shape memory material element using sensor data acquired by the sensor; and Controlling an activated state of the actuator based on the captured sensor data. [17] Method according to claim 16, wherein the sensor is a force-sensitive resistance sensor and wherein monitoring the state of the shape memory material element comprises monitoring changes in the resistance of the sensor. [18] Method according to claim 16, comprising controlling an activated state of the actuator based on the acquired sensor data: Interrupting the energy supply to the shape memory material element when at least one metric based on sensor data is met. [19] Method according to claim 17, comprising controlling an activated state of the actuator based on the acquired sensor data: Essentially, maintaining a supply of electrical energy to the shape memory material element when at least one metric based on sensor data is met. [20] Method according to claim 16, wherein the portion of the shape memory material element which functionally engages with the sensor is wrapped around the sensor.

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