Interior construction and / or fire protection board

Abstract

Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) that can be mounted in a self-supporting manner, at least in certain areas, preferably for use in preventive and / or technical fire protection, preferably for fire protection enclosures and / or distribution boards with and without functional integrity, enclosures for plant protection and fire load insulation, in particular for access panel closures and system walls; furthermore, also generally for cladding a preferably flat supporting structure such as a stud construction with at least one frame, jamb, post and / or transom part, a door or flap frame, a furniture frame, etc., more preferably for cladding a preferably flat supporting structure such as a stud construction (14) with at least one frame, jamb, post and / or transom part (22, 23), a door leaf (24) or flap frame, a furniture frame, etc., characterized in that the panel (1) has at least two layers (2, 5, 6), namely c) at least one aerogel layer (2), as well as d) at least one layer of fiber cement having a thickness of 2 mm or more.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an interior construction and / or fire protection panel that can be mounted in a self-supporting manner, at least in some areas, preferably for use in preventive and / or technical fire protection, preferably for fire protection enclosures and / or distribution boards with and without functional integrity, enclosures for plant protection and fire load insulation, in particular for inspection opening closures and system walls; furthermore, also generally for the cladding of a preferably flat supporting structure such as a stud construction with at least one frame, jamb, post and / or beam part, a door or flap frame, a furniture frame, etc.

[0002] The cladding of stud walls or other frames is frequently used in the interior finishing of buildings, including in the form of room-dividing interior walls. This involves attaching sheathing made of panels, such as gypsum plasterboard, to a stud frame, which typically consists of wooden battens.

[0003] However, this approach also has disadvantages. Firstly, gypsum contains bound water of crystallization, which can be released at high temperatures and, when evaporated, can lead to short circuits; furthermore, gypsum has a comparatively high absorbency of water and could therefore become saturated – for example, when extinguishing a fire with water – losing its mechanical stability and, especially when wet, providing a breeding ground for mold.

[0004] On the other hand, since a supporting structure made of wood is flammable, a conventional construction can quickly lose its mechanical stability in the event of a fire.

[0005] The disadvantages of the described prior art result in the problem initiating the invention, namely to further develop a generic interior construction and / or fire protection panel in such a way that it has optimal mechanical stability or static load-bearing capacity both in the cold state and in the event of a fire, while additionally delaying the spread of a fire as much as possible or - ideally - preventing it altogether.

[0006] This problem is solved by means of a generic interior construction and / or fire protection panel that can be mounted in a self-supporting manner, at least in some areas, preferably for cladding a preferably flat supporting structure such as a stud construction with at least one frame, jamb, post and / or beam part, a door leaf or flap frame, a furniture frame, etc., by the fact that at least one panel has two layers, namely a) at least one aerogel layer, as well as b) at least one layer of fiber cement having a thickness of 2 mm or more.

[0007] Within such a multi-layered panel, specific components are provided for the various requirements. The fiber cement layer(s) are comparatively hard in their cured state and therefore insensitive to pressure or other external mechanical influences. On the other hand, they also exhibit a number of less than ideal properties: One factor to mention is the comparatively high specific weight of fiber cement, which would shift the weight of a massive slab made entirely of fiber cement into an unwieldy parameter range.

[0008] On the other hand, fiber cement panels typically contain H2O chemically bound in the form of water of crystallization, which is released from the concrete matrix during intense heating, such as in a fire. While this can have a cooling effect, the leakage of liquid near electronic components in a circuit, such as in a control cabinet, can cause short circuits and compromise the reliability of the electrical or electronic circuit.

[0009] Here, an aerogel layer according to the invention provides a remedy by giving one or more adjacent fiber cement layers a larger volume while maintaining their mechanical stability, without significantly increasing the overall weight of the interior building and / or fire protection panel according to the invention. In particular, with an aerogel layer coated on both sides with fiber cement layers, this results in an arrangement with two parallel fiber cement layers, which are kept at a constant distance by the intervening aerogel layer and can thus assume the function of mutually stabilizing top and bottom beams of a truss or the like. This function is fulfilled both in the cold state, i.e., not in the event of a fire, by the fact that the aerogel layer behind a comparatively thin fiber cement layer is able to absorb pressure over a large area and, due to its limited deformability, in the event of impacts or the like.to provide cushioning. This function is retained even in the event of a fire, as the aerogel layer is generally non-combustible.

[0010] Since fiber cement can also replace the function of a plaster layer, it is suitable for both interior and exterior applications; however, the invention prefers its use in interior applications because, for example, weather-related influences do not play a role there.

[0011] Another advantageous property is high resistance, especially against fire, moisture, mold and vermin.

[0012] As a mineral material, fiber cement has a low-maintenance surface and is resistant to rust, mold, rot, bacteria, and a variety of pests. It can be easily cleaned, is breathable, and regulates the indoor climate.

[0013] It has proven advantageous that the aerogel layer consists of a silicate-based material, in particular with the formula [SiO(OH) y (OR) z ] n , where the parameters R, y, and z depend on the manufacturing process. Silicon in its pure state has a melting point of 1,410 °C and also imparts this high melting point to materials composed of it, such as aerogel, so that an aerogel layer according to the invention is at least more stable in the event of a fire than, for example, many metals. An aerogel layer according to the invention has a melting point of approximately 1,200 °C.

[0014] It is within the scope of the invention that the aerogel layer has a pore volume of 90% by volume or above, e.g., 95% by volume or above, and in particular 98% by volume or above. Such a high pore volume has several advantages: On the one hand, it keeps the overall weight of an interior building and / or fire protection panel according to the invention comparatively low, and on the other hand, it improves the thermal insulation properties of an interior building and / or fire protection panel according to the invention.

[0015] The aerogel layer can have a density of 50 kg / m³ 3 up to 350 kg / m² 3 exhibit, e.g., 70 kg / m² 3 up to 300 kg / m² 3 This shows that an interior building and / or fire protection panel coated with an aerogel layer weighs only a fraction of what a solid fiber cement panel would.

[0016] Particular advantages arise from the fact that the aerogel layer has a thermal conductivity of 0.010 W / (mK) to 0.025 W / (mK), e.g., from 0.014 W / (mK) to 0.021 W / (mK). This demonstrates the high thermal insulation capacity of the material according to the invention.

[0017] The aerogel layer according to the invention can consist of one or more flexible nonwovens, each with a thickness of 2 mm to 16 mm, e.g., from 3.5 mm to 14 mm, and in particular from 5 mm to 12 mm. Aerogel typically has the form of fibers combined to form a nonwoven, but without meshes or the like.

[0018] There are several ways to manufacture it: In mechanical nonwoven production, (spun) fibers taken from cards or carding machines are layered on top of each other to form nonwovens, or they are formed directly by carding machines. This process produces so-called carded nonwovens or dry nonwovens, which are manufactured using a dry method. The structure can be oriented nonwovens, cross-laid nonwovens, or even random lay nonwovens.

[0019] In addition, there are other manufacturing processes, namely aerodynamic nonwoven formation, in which the individual fibers are combined on an air-permeable substrate by means of an air stream; hydrodynamic nonwoven formation, i.e., by suspending spun fibers, but also flock pulp in water or another liquid; and finally also electrostatic nonwoven formation, which takes place using electric fields.

[0020] The invention can be further developed such that the aerogel layer consists of a dimensionally stable plate with a thickness of 2 mm to 30 mm, e.g., from 3.5 mm to 25 mm, and in particular from 5 mm to 20 mm. Such an aerogel plate can be produced by bonding or mechanically joining several aerogel fleeces.

[0021] The invention recommends that the aerogel layer be bonded to at least one fiber cement layer by adhesive bonding, in particular using a silicate adhesive. The silicate adhesive used should ideally remain stable even at high temperatures and therefore exhibit a temperature resistance of at least 500 °C, preferably a temperature resistance of 700 °C or higher, and in particular a temperature resistance of 900 °C or more. A mineral adhesive that transforms into a non-combustible inorganic matrix upon curing is advantageous for these properties.

[0022] Furthermore, it has proven advantageous for the fiber cement layer to contain a binder in the cured state in a proportion of 30 to 50 wt.%, the binder preferably being a cement, in particular Portland cement. Such a comparatively high binder content contributes to achieving high mechanical stability even with fiber cement layer thicknesses of 2 mm or more.

[0023] On the other hand, the fiber cement layer, once hardened, can contain at least one aggregate in a proportion of 5 to 20% by weight. This aggregate could be, for example, limestone flour, but also sand. This is a filler material whose function, among others, is to reduce the proportion of binder.

[0024] The invention can be further developed such that reinforcing fibers are contained in the fiber cement layer in the hardened state in a proportion of 0.5 to 5 wt.%, preferably in a proportion of 1 to 4 wt.%, and particularly in a proportion of 1.5 to 3 wt.%. While the aforementioned aggregate can generally withstand compressive stresses well, it is comparatively susceptible to tensile stresses; for this reason, the addition of reinforcing fibers serves to improve the tensile strength.

[0025] The fiber cement layer preferably contains reinforcing fibers made of glass or carbon fibers, or reinforcing fibers made of polyvinyl alcohol fibers or homopolyacrylonitrile fibers. Durability, especially against external influences, is advantageous.

[0026] The invention recommends that the reinforcing fibers contained in the fiber cement layer be electrically non-conductive. This counteracts the formation of leakage currents and minimizes susceptibility to corrosion.

[0027] Furthermore, it is possible that the fiber cement layer contains water in the hardened state in a proportion of 5 to 20 wt.%, e.g. in the form of water of crystallization.

[0028] Furthermore, the fiber cement layer can contain pores, for example, in a proportion of 10 to 50 vol.%, based on the total volume in the cured state. Such a pore content reduces or limits the weight of the fiber cement layer.

[0029] The fiber cement layer should be free of silicates. The term silicates here refers primarily or exclusively to the salts or esters of orthosilicic acid Si(OH)4, specifically those substances containing either Si and the (OH) group. n do not contain or the SiO4 group, in other words not silicon dioxide SiO2.

[0030] In a first embodiment of the present invention, the fiber cement layer may contain water glass and / or silica. However, the present invention prefers a different embodiment wherein the fiber cement layer is free of water glass and / or also free of silica.

[0031] It has proven effective for the fiber cement layer to have a thickness of 2 mm to 20 mm, for example, 2 mm to 15 mm, and especially 2 mm to 10 mm. While greater thicknesses increase both the mechanical stability and the weight of the cladding.

[0032] According to the invention, at least one load-bearing layer can consist of expanded glass. This is a comparatively lightweight yet chemically resistant material. Expanded glass granules can be used to produce panels by pressing expanded glass beads of varying grain sizes together with durable fiberglass reinforcing fabric.

[0033] For such an expanded glass layer, a thickness of 8 mm to 100 mm has proven effective, preferably 10 mm to 70 mm, and in particular 15 mm to 40 mm.

[0034] On the other hand, at least one load-bearing layer can consist of foam glass. Unlike expanded glass, this process does not involve first producing granules, but rather a shaped body by foaming a molten glass mass.

[0035] For such a foam glass layer, a thickness of 10 mm to 200 mm is recommended, preferably 12 mm to 70 mm, and in particular 15 mm to 40 mm.

[0036] Furthermore, it is also possible for at least one load-bearing layer to be a gypsum fiberboard, i.e., a gypsum board reinforced with fibers without a cardboard facing. By omitting the cardboard facing, the gypsum substrate can be bonded directly to the fiber cement layer, further increasing stability. The stabilizing function of a cardboard facing is then taken over by the reinforcing fibers in the gypsum board. Gypsum is a relatively lightweight building material and is non-combustible.

[0037] It is possible for such a gypsum fiber layer to have a thickness of 12 mm to 40 mm, preferably 14 mm to 30 mm, and in particular 16 mm to 20 mm.

[0038] A wood wool board or a lightweight wood wool board can also be used as at least one load-bearing layer, preferably made of splinter-free wood fibers, especially cement-bonded, splinter-free wood fibers. Although wood is inherently combustible, this property is significantly reduced by the cement content in such a board.

[0039] A thickness of 15 mm to 40 mm is suitable for the wood wool layer, preferably 16 mm to 30 mm, and in particular 17 mm to 25 mm.

[0040] Another alternative is to use at least one load-bearing layer made of calcium silicate board. While a calcium silicate board can also contain cellulose and therefore a potentially flammable material, thanks to its other mineral components such as silicon dioxide, calcium oxide, and water glass, such a board is largely non-combustible overall.

[0041] On the other hand, it is also possible that at least one base layer consists of vermiculite. Such slabs are produced by pressing vermiculite granules, a layered silicate, in particular with the molecular formula Mg₂. 0,7 (Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)6O 20 (OH)4·8H2O. Vermiculite can be obtained from natural mica schist. As a mineral, it is non-flammable.

[0042] Manufacturing advantages arise from the fact that at least one fiber cement layer is prefabricated as a panel and bonded to at least one supporting layer, for example, adhesively or using mechanical fasteners. While a mechanical connection is conceivable, it has several disadvantages compared to an adhesive connection, such as gluing. Firstly, it is comparatively labor-intensive and generally only acts at specific points, whereas an adhesive connection can be easily created by applying an adhesive and then pressing the layers together, providing a bond across the entire surface. Furthermore, mechanical fasteners often consist of metal, such as rivets or screws, which can potentially create a thermal bridge between the two sides of a panel and therefore lead to heating in the area of ​​the panel's surface facing away from a fire source.Finally, metals are subject to corrosion or are comparatively expensive, while an adhesive layer is almost completely isolated from the external environment by the glued-together plates and is therefore very durable.

[0043] Within the scope of the invention, the load-bearing layer can be provided with a fiber cement layer on one flat side or on both flat sides. If a fire is only expected on one side or surface of a construction and / or fire protection panel according to the invention, it is sufficient to provide a fiber cement layer on that surface, which is able to withstand a fire for a comparatively long time without losing its mechanical stability. If, on the other hand, a fire cannot be ruled out on either surface of a construction and / or fire protection panel according to the invention, it is recommended to cover the load-bearing layer with a fiber cement layer on both flat sides.

[0044] The invention can be further developed by arranging a cover layer on a surface or flat side of a construction and / or fire protection board according to the invention, preferably on the surface of a fiber cement layer facing away from the base layer, particularly for sealing and / or as decoration. Especially when using a fiber cement layer with a higher porosity, a more or less airtight and / or liquid-tight cover layer can reduce or even eliminate the corrosive influence of the surrounding atmosphere on any organic component in the base layer.

[0045] Such a top layer can be manufactured separately – for example, in the form of a film or a similar flat element – ​​and laminated onto the fiber cement layer, for example, using an intervening adhesion layer. Alternatively, the top layer could also be applied in a liquid state, like a varnish or similar, and then harden on the substrate.

[0046] The invention is further characterized in that the top layer consists of at least one layer of cellulose fibers, preferably impregnated with a resin such as a melamine resin, for example in the form of a continuous-pressure laminate (CPL) panel or a high-pressure laminate (HPL) panel. Thanks to the melamine resin, such a top layer can exhibit a variety of advantageous properties, such as being hard and scratch-resistant, repelling liquids, and also providing electrical insulation. In particular, the top layer of cellulose fibers can also be provided with a decorative finish.

[0047] Especially for decorative purposes, at least a printed foil or wallpaper can be used as a top layer, with virtually no limits to the design of the decoration.

[0048] In another embodiment of the invention, the top layer can consist of at least one veneer, in particular a real wood veneer. Here, too, the focus is on an aesthetically pleasing or high-quality design of the visible surface.

[0049] In yet another embodiment of the invention, the top layer consists of at least one ceramic or glass layer. These materials result in a complete sealing of the surface and, in particular, in a completely insensitive behavior towards liquids and other environmental influences.

[0050] As infill for a stud frame, either a single construction and / or fire-resistant panel according to the invention or at least two such construction and / or fire-resistant panels according to the invention, lying flat against each other, can be used. The selection between these options should be made according to the specific parameters and requirements of each case. With an increasing number of interconnected panels, the overall stability of the sheathing naturally increases, but so does its weight.

[0051] It is within the scope of the invention that two construction and / or fire protection panels, each provided on one side with a layer of fiber cement, are positioned such that the two load-bearing layers face each other. This ensures that the two fiber cement layers provide high-quality fire protection in both directions, i.e., against potential fire sources on both sides of the wall or stud construction according to the invention.

[0052] The load-bearing layers of two construction and / or fire protection panels according to the invention can also be adhesively bonded to one another and / or by means of mechanical connecting elements. Again, the adhesive bond is generally preferable, since – as already explained above for the bond between the load-bearing layer and the fiber cement layer – mechanical connections usually only allow for a point connection, are susceptible to corrosion or expensive, and can create thermal bridges.

[0053] According to the invention, it is recommended that two adjacent construction and / or fire protection panels according to the invention have different base areas, resulting in a groove or rebate in the area of ​​the circumferential edges. This allows overlapping joints to be realized in the area of ​​wall cladding, thus ensuring optimal separation of the two spaces in front of and behind a stud construction according to the invention; in the area of ​​a door or flap, this creates a continuous stop for the door leaf or a movable flap against a fixed frame.

[0054] Finally, it is in accordance with the teaching of the invention that the construction and / or fire protection panel according to the invention is arranged or installed in an interior space of a building. There, weather-related requirements such as splash water protection or the like are of secondary importance, and there, a separation device can or should often be used to ensure that a fire originating in one area of ​​a building cannot spread to all parts of the building. The latter is the preferred application for a fire-resistant stud construction according to the invention.

[0055] Further features, details, advantages and effects based on the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the invention and from the drawing. The drawing shows: Fig. 1 a section through an interior building and / or fire protection panel according to the invention; Fig. 2 one of the Fig.1 corresponding representation of a modified embodiment of an interior building and / or fire protection panel according to the invention; Fig. 3, also one of the Fig. 1 corresponding representation of a further embodiment of an interior building and / or fire protection panel according to the invention, Fig. 4 a section through another interior building and / or fire protection panel according to the invention, as well as Fig. 5 an exemplary application case for interior construction and / or fire protection panels according to the invention within the framework of a system partition wall equipped therewith in front view.

[0056] In the following, an interior construction and / or fire protection panel 1 according to the invention is described based on the one described in the Fig. The structure shown in sections 1 to 4 is explained.

[0057] Since the embodiments according to Fig. 2 to 4 a further development of the embodiment according to Fig.To represent 1, corresponding details were marked with the same reference symbols.

[0058] In the Fig. Figure 1 shows a typical, multi-layered structure of an interior building and / or fire protection panel 1 according to the invention. The framework consists of an aerogel layer 2, which is provided on one or preferably both flat sides 3, 4 with a fiber cement layer 5, 6.

[0059] This fiber cement layer(s) 5, 6 in turn can be provided with a cover layer 9, 10 on its surface(s) 7, 8 facing away from the base layer 2.

[0060] The different layers 2, 5, 6, 9, 10 can be selected as follows:

[0061] The invention recommends the use of a silicate-based aerogel, in particular with the formula [SiO(OH)₂], as the aerogel layer 2. y (OR) z ] n , where the parameters R, y and z depend on the manufacturing process.

[0062] The layer thickness can range from 5 to 20 mm, preferably from about 8 to 12 mm. Such a thickness can be achieved either by using a single nonwoven fabric of this thickness, or by mechanically bonding or gluing together several layers of thinner, flexible nonwoven fabrics, e.g., each with a thickness of 1 mm to 10 mm, preferably from 2 mm to 8 mm, and in particular from 3 mm to 6 mm.

[0063] The aerogel layer 2 can have a pore content of 90 vol.% or above, e.g. 95 vol.% or above, in particular 98 vol.% or above.

[0064] Due to the high pore size, the specific density of the aerogel layer 2 is only about 50 kg / m³. 3 up to 350 kg / m² 3 , especially between 70 kg / m² 3 and 300 kg / m² 3 The panels according to the invention are therefore very light and easy to process.

[0065] On the other hand, this reduces the thermal conductivity of the aerogel layer 2 to values ​​between 0.010 W / (mK) and 0.025 W / (mK), for example, between 0.014 W / (mK) and 0.021 W / (mK). This good thermal insulation capacity contributes to the fact that, in the event of a fire, areas behind an interior building and / or fire protection panel 1 according to the invention are protected in the long term from elevated temperatures and thus, in particular, from the risk of spontaneous combustion.

[0066] A fiber cement layer 5, 6 can have the following composition in the hardened state, in wt.%: 30 - 50 % Binder, especially Portland cement; 5 - 20% Additive, for example limestone flour; 0,5 - 5% Reinforcing fibers, preferably alkali-resistant reinforcing fibers made of glass or carbon fibers or of polyvinyl alcohol fibers or homopolyacrylonitrile fibers; 5 - 20% Water, for example crystal water.

[0067] Asbestos fibers should be avoided as completely as possible.

[0068] Furthermore, at least one layer of fiber cement 5, 6 may still contain up to 10% residues of cellulose and / or waste paper, substances which were used to thicken the mixed product during the production of the fiber cement in question.

[0069] Finally, the cured fiber cement can contain up to 50 vol% air voids, for example up to 40 vol% air voids, in particular up to 35 vol% air voids, which reduces the weight of the fiber cement layer(s) 5, 6.

[0070] Preferably, the fiber cement layer(s) 5, 6 and the aerogel layer 2 are each produced in the form of a plate and finally joined together, preferably adhesively using an adhesive, and / or by means of mechanical fasteners.

[0071] An important function of at least one fiber cement layer 5, 6 is fire protection. For this reason, the interior building and / or fire protection board 1 should always be installed in such a way that at least one fiber cement layer 5, 6 faces a potential fire source.

[0072] For example, if - as in Fig.2 shown - two aerogel plates 2 with only one fiber cement layer 5, 6 each are used, then their aerogel layers 2 should face each other and the fiber cement layers 5, 6 should each be on the outside, i.e. facing away from each other, so that the finished cladding is protected against fire from both sides.

[0073] In the area of ​​the contact joint 11, a silicate adhesive can be applied to intimately and thus stably bond the two aerogel plates 2 together.

[0074] The top layer(s) 9, 10 is / are optional and, depending on the application, serve to seal the underlying fiber cement layer(s) 5, 6 or as a decorative element. The following have proven effective for this purpose: - at least one ceramic or glass layer; - at least one layer of cellulose fibers, preferably impregnated with a resin such as melamine resin, e.g. in the form of a continuous pressure laminate (CPL) panel or in the form of a high pressure laminate (HPL) panel; - at least one veneer, especially a real wood veneer; - at least a printed foil or wallpaper.

[0075] While a ceramic layer or glass layer also serves to seal the underlying fiber cement layer 5, 6, the decorative aspect is more important for veneer layers or printed layers.

[0076] In the area of ​​the contact joint 11 between the two aerogel plates 12, one or more additional aerogel plates 2 can also be inserted, which are also connected to each other by means of an adhesive, in particular a silicate adhesive.

[0077] On the other hand, the contact joint 11 in the embodiment according to Fig.3. It is also possible to insert another layer or plate there, which shall be referred to below as the support layer 12. Preferably, this support layer 12 is also bonded to the adjacent aerogel layers 2 by means of an adhesive.

[0078] The following are among the options considered as base course 12: - a foam glass sheet with a thickness of 10 to 200 mm, preferably with a thickness of approximately 20 mm; - a expanded glass plate with a thickness of 8 to 100 mm, preferably with a thickness of approximately 20 mm; - a wood wool board with a thickness of 15 to 40 mm, preferably with a thickness of approximately 20 mm; - a gypsum fiberboard with a thickness of 12 to 40 mm, preferably with a thickness of approximately 18 mm.

[0079] Fig. Figure 4 shows a further, conceivable modification of the invention. This differs from the embodiment according to Fig.3 only by the fact that an aerogel layer 2 is attached to a flat side 13 of the central base layer 12, while a fiber cement layer 5 is provided directly on the opposite flat side 13 of the base layer 12, possibly supplemented by a top layer 9 fixed to its outer side 7 facing away from the base layer 12.

[0080] Preferably, a cladding consisting of one or more interior construction and / or fire protection panels 1 is connected to the respective supporting structure by means of mechanical fasteners such as screws or nails, and / or adhesively, in particular by means of adhesive.

[0081] As an example of a possible supporting structure, the following will be used: Fig.5. A preferably fire-resistant stud construction 14 for a system partition wall 15 is presented and explained. However, this is only an example to illustrate the invention. The stud construction 14 can be adapted in many ways to the specific application. For example, it can be a full-fledged (partition) wall or just a door, hatch, or the like. The supporting structure or stud construction 14 can also be mounted on or under plaster. Individual sections of the cladding can consist of other materials, such as glass to locally increase transparency or metal to locally increase stability.

[0082] A system partition 15 – like a door, flap, or the like – can be used in a wide variety of sizes and formats to close off cabinets, chambers, and other spaces. Preferred areas of application include electrical cabinets, installation rooms and shafts, escape routes, stairwells, etc. The invention is preferably used predominantly or exclusively inside a building.

[0083] An opening 16 in a wall 17 can be limited by reveals 18, and optionally by a ceiling lintel 19 and by the floor or by a floor threshold 20. A system partition wall 15 according to the invention can be placed in the opening 16 and fastened therein; however, an inspection hatch or other construction could also be placed, for example, in front of such an opening 16.

[0084] Such a preferably fire-resistant support structure consists of, for example, a frame-like supporting structure 21.

[0085] The supporting structure 21 comprises frame or jamb parts 23 with one or more flaps or door leaves 24 attached thereto, and / or with one or more panels 25 firmly mounted thereon.

[0086] In a broader sense, a door leaf 24 itself should also be considered a frame construction in a broader sense, whereby, for example, a frame surrounding the door leaf would be considered a supporting structure 21 and the infill of the door leaf 24 – i.e., the visible surfaces in the area of ​​the two sides of the door – would be considered sheathing 25. The same applies to flaps, provided they have a corresponding structure.

[0087] To facilitate the assembly of the supporting structure 21, it can be modularly constructed from individual building units 26, such that each building unit 26 consists of a frame-like jamb section 23 or mullion and / or transom section 22, including one or more infill elements. The infill elements can be one or two door leaves 24 or fixed end panels as cladding 25. The frame or jamb sections 23 or mullion and / or transom sections of adjacent building units 26 can be butted together and connected, for example, by screws. The frame or jamb sections 23 or mullion and / or transom sections 22 bordering the reveal 18, a ceiling lintel 19, the floor, or a sill 20 are anchored there, for example, by screws. If all building units 26 are arranged in a common plane, the result is a planar supporting structure 21.

[0088] To achieve this, the individual building units 26 can be coordinated with each other in terms of their dimensions: All frame or jamb parts 23 or post and / or beam parts 22 should be flat and / or straight so that they can be placed next to each other within a common plane, namely within the plane of the supporting structure 21.

[0089] All frame or jamb parts 23 or post and / or beam parts 22 can have the same depth, measured perpendicular to the plane of the supporting structure 21.

[0090] All frame or jamb parts 23 or mullion and / or transom parts 22 can have standardized width and / or height dimensions, so that adjacent jamb sections have the same length. If necessary, two or more frame or jamb parts 23 or mullion and / or transom parts 22 could also be placed next to each other in such a way that their combined total length corresponds to the combined total length of one or more frame or jamb parts 23 arranged directly above or below them. Conversely, if necessary, it would also be possible for two or more frame or jamb parts 23 or mullion and / or transom parts 22 to be placed one above the other in such a way that their combined total height corresponds to the combined total height of one or more frame or jamb parts 23 or mullion and / or transom parts 22 arranged directly next to them.

[0091] The profile of a frame or jamb part 23 or post and / or rail part 22 can be made of different materials, e.g., the same material as a cladding according to the invention. For this purpose, the frame or jamb parts 23 or post and / or rail parts 22 can be cut from an interior construction and / or fire protection panel 1 according to the invention.

[0092] On the other hand, it is also possible to use a wooden profile for this purpose.

[0093] The mounting of the frame or jamb parts 23 on / in the reveal 18 can be done using or without mounting brackets.

[0094] A door leaf 24 can also have a filling consisting of - in total or per flat side of the door - two or more interior construction and / or fire protection panels 1 connected to each other over a surface.

[0095] A door leaf 24 can also be manufactured without a door-side supporting structure, e.g., from only two directly connected interior construction and / or fire protection panels 1. In this case, these two panels 1 can each have different base areas; a front or outer, visible interior construction and / or fire protection panel 1 could have a larger base area than the panel 1 located directly behind or inside it. While the inner, smaller panel 1 extends into the clear opening within the relevant frame or jamb part 23 and should therefore have a smaller base area F1 than that clear opening, the outer, larger panel 1 does not extend into this clear opening, but only into the area defined by contact surfaces.Recess framed by the inner sides of the outer frame panels or profiles; therefore, the base area F2 of the outer, larger panel 1 can be larger than the area A of the clear opening inside the frame 23:. F1 <A<F2.

[0096] To ensure that a door leaf 24 remains closed, a locking mechanism can be provided. This can include the actual lock, which is located behind the outer plate 1 of the door leaf 24 and is accessible from the outside via a keyhole, and / or via an operating handle 27. An electronic lock is also suitable, particularly one with an electronically stored operating code. The transmission of the operating code to locking and / or unlocking electronics located in the lock can optionally be wireless, e.g., via RFID sensors, or wired, e.g., via a cable-connected card reader or a cable-connected keypad, etc.

[0097] As explained above, the illustrated embodiment or stand construction 14 or system partition 15 also includes a fixed paneling 25.

[0098] The primary task of the support structure 14 described in this way is to close the opening 16 in a wall 17 in a fire-resistant manner, especially in the event of a fire, i.e. to prevent the flames from spreading from the space in front of such a system partition wall 15 or inspection opening into the area behind it, but also in the reverse direction.

[0099] According to the presented principle, a frame made of profiles for a cabinet, in particular a control cabinet, can also be provided with a cladding 25 made of interior construction and / or fire protection panels 1 according to the invention.

[0100] Other furniture can also have such paneling 25, e.g. chests of drawers, trunks, sideboards, sofas or other seating furniture, kitchen base and wall cabinets.

[0101] On the other hand, one or more interior construction and / or fire protection panels 1 according to the invention can also be used to make kitchen worktops or other tabletops, as well as benches, interior window sills, radiator covers, etc.

[0102] In applications with exposed end faces, such as kitchen worktops, tabletops, window sills, etc., the visible end faces of the respective interior construction and / or fire-resistant panel 1 can be sealed, for example, by a narrow strip of fiber cement layer made of a material that is also used as fiber cement layer(s) 5, 6 on the flat sides 3, 4 of the aerogel layer 2. Furthermore, other materials are also conceivable for framing exposed end faces, such as a metal profile, particularly with a U-shaped cross-section, that encircles the end edges of the respective interior construction and / or fire-resistant panel 1. Such sealing of the inner aerogel layer 2 prevents moisture from penetrating the pores of the aerogel.

[0103] The application possibilities are virtually unlimited, as long as the panels in question are used indoors where they are not directly exposed to the weather. Reference symbol list 1 building or fire protection board 2 Aerogel layer 3 flat side 4 flat side 5 Fiber cement layer 6 Fiber cement layer 7 Surface 8 surface 9 Top layer 10 Top layer 11 joint 12 Base course 13 Surface 14 Stand construction 15 System partition wall 16 Opening 17 Wall 18 reveal 19 Ceiling fall 20 Threshold 21 Supporting structure 22 Post or rail part 23 Frame or jamb part 24 door leaf 25 planking 26 building units 27 Operating handle

Claims

[1] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) that can be mounted in a self-supporting manner, at least in certain areas, preferably for use in preventive and / or technical fire protection, preferably for fire protection enclosures and / or distribution boards with and without functional integrity, enclosures for plant protection and fire load insulation, in particular for access panel closures and system walls; furthermore, also generally for cladding a preferably flat supporting structure such as a stud construction with at least one frame, jamb, post and / or transom part, a door or flap frame, a furniture frame, etc., more preferably for cladding a preferably flat supporting structure such as a stud construction (14) with at least one frame, jamb, post and / or transom part (22, 23), a door leaf (24) or flap frame, a furniture frame, etc., characterized by , that the plate (1) has at least two layers (2,5,6), namely c) at least one aerogel layer (2), as well as d) at least one layer of fiber cement having a thickness of 2 mm or more. [2] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to claim 1, characterized by , that the aerogel layer (2) consists of a silicate-based material, in particular with the formula [SiO(OH) y (OR) z ] n , where the parameters R, y and z depend on the manufacturing process. [3] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by , that the aerogel layer (2) has a pore content of 90 vol% or above, e.g. 95 vol% or above, in particular 98 vol% or above. [4] Interior construction and / or fire protection board (1) according to claims 1 to 3, characterized by , that the aerogel layer (2) has a density of 50 kg / m³ 3 up to 350 kg / m² 3 exhibits, for example, 70 kg / m² 3 up to 300 kg / m² 3 . [5] Interior construction and / or fire protection board (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the aerogel layer (2) has a thermal conductivity of 0.010 W / (mK) to 0.025 W / (mK), e.g. from 0.014 W / (mK) to 0.021 W / (mK). [6] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the aerogel layer (2) has a melting point of about 1,200 °C. [7] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the aerogel layer (2) consists of one or more flexible nonwovens with a thickness of 2 mm to 16 mm each, e.g. from 3.5 mm to 14 mm, in particular from 5 mm to 12 mm. [8] Interior construction and / or fire protection board (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by, that the aerogel layer (2) consists of a dimensionally stable plate with a thickness of 2 mm to 30 mm, e.g. from 3.5 mm to 25 mm, in particular from 5 mm to 20 mm. [9] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to claim 8, characterized by that the aerogel plate is produced by bonding several aerogel fleeces together. [10] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the aerogel layer (2) is connected to the fiber cement layer (5,6) by bonding, in particular using a silicate adhesive. [11] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that in the at least one fiber cement layer (5,6) in the hardened state a binder is contained in a proportion of 30 to 50 wt.%, wherein the binder is preferably a cement, in particular Portland cement. [12] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that in the at least one fiber cement layer (5,6) in the hardened state at least one aggregate is contained in a proportion of 5 to 20 wt.%, wherein the at least one aggregate is, for example, a limestone flour. [13] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that in the at least one fiber cement layer (5,6) in the hardened state reinforcing fibers are contained in a proportion of 0.5 to 5 wt.%, preferably in a proportion of 1 to 4 wt.%, in particular in a proportion of 1.5 to 3 wt.%. [14] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by, that at least one fiber cement layer (5,6) contains reinforcing fibers made of glass or carbon fibers, or reinforcing fibers made of polyvinyl alcohol fibers or homopolyacrylonitrile fibers. [15] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that at least one fiber cement layer (5,6) contains electrically non-conductive reinforcing fibers. [16] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that in the at least one fiber cement layer (5,6) in the hardened state water is contained in a proportion of 5 to 20 wt.%, e.g. in the form of water of crystallization. [17] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by, that the at least one fiber cement layer (5,6) has pores, e.g. in a proportion of 5 to 50 vol.%, based on the total volume in the cured state, for example in a proportion of 10 to 40 vol.%, preferably in a proportion of 15 to 30 vol.%, in particular in a proportion of 18 to 28 vol.%. [18] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that at least one fiber cement layer (5,6) is free of silicates. [19] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that at least one fiber cement layer (5,6) is free of water glass and / or free of silica. [20] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by, that at least one fiber cement layer (5,6) has a thickness of 2 mm to 20 mm, e.g. from 2 mm to 15 mm, in particular from 2 mm to 10 mm. [21] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that at least one fiber cement layer (5,6) has a density of 1,400 kg / m³ 3 up to 2,100 kg / m² 3 exhibits, for example, a density of 1,500 kg / m³ 3 up to 2,000 kg / m² 3 , in particular of 1,600 kg / m² 3 up to 1,900 kg / m² 3 . [22] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one additional layer in the form of a preferably plate-shaped support layer (12). [23] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to claim 22, characterized by , that at least one load-bearing layer (12) consists of expanded glass. [24] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to claim 23, characterized by that the expanded glass layer has a thickness of 8 mm to 100 mm, preferably 10 mm to 70 mm, particularly 15 mm to 40 mm. [25] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of claims 22 to 24, characterized by , that at least one load-bearing layer (12) consists of foam glass. [26] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to claim 25, characterized by that the foam glass layer has a thickness of 10 mm to 200 mm, preferably 12 mm to 70 mm, particularly 15 mm to 40 mm. [27] Interior construction and / or fire protection board (1) according to any one of claims 22 to 26, characterized by , that at least one load-bearing layer (12) is a gypsum fiberboard. [28] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to claim 27, characterized by that the gypsum fiber layer has a thickness of 12 mm to 40 mm, preferably 14 mm to 30 mm, particularly 16 mm to 20 mm. [29] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of claims 22 to 28, characterized by , that at least one load-bearing layer (12) is a wood wool board or wood wool lightweight board, preferably made of splinter-free wood fibers, in particular cement-bonded. [30] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to claim 29, characterized by that the wood wool layer has a thickness of 15 mm to 40 mm, preferably 16 mm to 30 mm, particularly 17 mm to 25 mm. [31] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of claims 22 to 30, characterized by , that at least one load-bearing layer (12) is a calcium silicate board. [32] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of claims 22 to 31, characterized by , that at least one base layer (12) consists of vermiculite. [33] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by, that at least one fiber cement layer (5,6) is prefabricated as a plate and is connected to an aerogel layer (2) or a support layer (12), e.g. adhesively or by means of mechanical connecting elements. [34] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the base layer (12) is provided with a fiber cement layer (5,6) on one flat side (13) or on both flat sides (13). [35] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that a top layer (9,10) is arranged on the surface of the fiber cement layer (5,6) facing away from the base layer (12), in particular for sealing and / or as decoration. [36] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to claim 35, characterized by , that the top layer (9,10) is laminated onto at least one fiber cement layer (5,6). [37] Interior construction and / or fire protection board (1) according to one of claims 35 or 36, characterized by , that the top layer (9,10) consists of at least one layer of cellulose fibers, preferably impregnated with a resin such as a melamine resin, e.g. in the form of a continuous pressure laminate (CPL) panel or in the form of a high pressure laminate (HPL) panel. [38] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of claims 35 to 37, characterized by , that a top layer (9,10) consists of at least one veneer, in particular of a real wood veneer. [39] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of claims 35 to 38, characterized by , that a cover layer (9,10) consists of at least one ceramic layer or glass layer. [40] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of claims 35 to 39, characterized by, that a top layer (9,10) consists of at least one printed foil or wallpaper. [41] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that two flat interior building and / or fire protection panels (1) lying next to each other serve as filling or sheathing (25) of a stud construction (14). [42] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to claim 41, characterized by , that two aerogel plates coated only on one side with a fiber cement layer (5,6) are positioned such that in the area of ​​a contact joint (11) the two uncoated surfaces (3,4) of the aerogel plates face each other. [43] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to one of claims 41 or 42, characterized by, that the uncoated surfaces (3,4) of two adjacent aerogel layers (2) are adhesively connected to each other along their contact joint (11) and / or by means of mechanical connecting elements. [44] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of claims 41 to 43, characterized by , that two adjacent aerogel plates have different base areas, resulting in a groove or fold in the area of ​​the circumferential edges. [45] Interior construction and / or fire protection panel (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by that it is located in the interior of a building.

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