Device for hydrogen production with magnetic field support for improved beading of hydrogen gas bubbles on the surface of the electrolyzer cathode tubes, as well as a modified separating layer for the diaphragm zone to prevent direct gas bubble turbulence between the generated hydrogen and oxygen gas bubbles.

Abstract

external magnetic field - coil with right-hand winding (4) resting on the outer surface of the annular cathode electrode as an encompassing device to generate a magnetic field which, in interaction with the electrolyte current, causes a "Lorentz force" to magnetohydrodynamically accelerate the faster detachment of hydrogen gas bubbles from the outer cathode surface

Description

Technical Design Description: Tube Electrolyzer Systematics: Concentric design with integrated magnetic field coil for magnetohydrodynamics 1. Basic structure and materials:

[0001] The electrolyzer is designed as a vertical, concentric tube-electrode system. All components are fixed to an insulating plastic base of the electrolyte container system, which ensures galvanic isolation between the two tube electrodes (anode / cathode). • Material: Both tubes - electrodes are made of high-quality V4A stainless steel with a material thickness of 5 mm each. • Geometry: The structural heights of the anode (outer tube electrode) and cathode (inner tube electrode) are identical. The diameter of the inner tube electrode (cathode) is defined as 2 / 3 of the structural height. • Arrangement: The tube electrodes are positioned vertically and concentrically within each other and without contact in the electrolyte liquid bath, ensuring complete circulation between the tube electrodes. 2. Inner core: The cathode unit as a tube electrode:

[0002] The inner tube electrode acts as the cathode and forms the structural basis for the integrated coil system for magnetic field assurance. • Spacers & Channels: Narrow plastic channel strips are radially arranged at regular intervals on the outer surface (shell surface) of the cathode tube. These primarily serve as flow channels for the electrolyte medium and for the spatial removal of hydrogen (H2) gas bubbles. • Magnetic field coil (special feature): Galvanically insulated copper wire windings for a magnetic field coil are applied to these plastic channel strips. • Winding: The coil is designed as a "right-hand winding", starting at the lower end edge of the cathode electrode. • Dimensioning: The winding of the magnetic field coil extends over 2 / 3 of the total structural height of the cathode electrode. The number of turns is variable and is specifically designed according to the required magnetic field strength for the removal of hydrogen (H2) gas bubbles from the radial cathode surface. 3. Diaphragm - layer and gas separation:

[0003] Immediately above the coil winding is the separation system (diaphragm layer consisting of two nested plastic tubes 1 + 2 [ 1 = outer / 2 = inner ] with the system of a rigid grid structure through a multitude of inclined through holes at an angle of 45 degrees each) for clean separation of the gas bubbles - formation of hydrogen (H 2) and oxygen - process gases in the electrolyte process. • Composite material: The layer consists of a radially wound diaphragm, which is supported by a PEM material film (= Proton Exchange Membrane) with an additional radial plastic grid system and is thus mechanically stabilized. • Function: This design system ensures a clean separation between hydrogen gas bubble formation (cathode side) and oxygen gas bubble formation (anode side). • Flow optimization: Plastic channel strips are located longitudinally on the radial inner surface of the tubular diaphragm layer. These ensure a continuous flow of electrolyte fluid, thus also facilitating heat dissipation between the tube electrodes. 4. Outer termination: The anode unit as a tube electrode:

[0004] The outer end of the system is formed by the outer tube (anode electrode). • Assembly: The anode is slid concentrically over the entire inner tube system (cathode electrode, magnetic field coil, diaphragm layer). • Dimensioning: The radial distance (gap) between anode and cathode results from the cumulative thickness of the internal construction components (magnetic field coil, plastic spacers and diaphragm layer). Summary of the layer sequence (from inside to outside): 1. Center: Cathode tube (V4A stainless steel, 5 mm). 2. Flow level: Plastic spacer strips (= channel strips) with integrated copper coil winding (right-hand winding, 2 / 3 of the tube height). 3. Separation layer: Diaphragm layer with PEM film and grid-shaped plastic system as well as internal plastic channel strips. 4. Sheath: Anode tube (V4A - stainless steel, 5 mm). 5. Tabular summary of the technical specifications

[0005] This table serves as a reference for the design dimensions and material specifications of the electrolyzer for the tube electrodes. component Specification / Dimension Material / Details Cathode (inner tube) Height: H (base value) Stainless steel V4A (1.4404) Anode (outer tube) Height: H (identical) Stainless steel V4A (1.4404) Material thickness (both) 5 mm - Diameter (cathode) D (K) = 2 / 3 · H Proportional to height Magnetic coil (winding) Height: = 2 / 3 · H Copper wire (galvanically insulated) Winding direction Legal development Starting at the bottom edge spacers radially arranged Plastic - channel strips (insulating) Separating layer radial-concentric Diaphragm - PEM - Composite Channel strips Longitudinal positioning Plastic (for electrolyte flow) 6. In-depth analysis: Function and effects of the integrated magnetic field coil

[0006] The special feature of this design lies in the electromagnetic influence of the electrolysis directly at the cathode surface by the resulting "Lorentz force" of the current-carrying magnetic field coil, and in the causal consequence a magnetohydrodynamic effect for the dynamic removal of the hydrogen gas bubbles. 6.1 The “Lorentz-Kraft” effect:

[0007] A pulsating current flow in the copper winding generates a magnetic field with varying strength, whose field lines act radially and axially on the ions in the electrolyte. As soon as an electric current flows through the electrolyte medium (acidic liquid), the charge carriers (ions) in the electrolyte experience the so-called "Lorentz force". 6.2 Specific advantages of this design: 1. Reduction of gas bubble adhesion: A major problem with electrolyzers is the adhesion of hydrogen bubbles to the cathode surface, which reduces the active stainless steel surface area of ​​the tubular cathode electrode (due to the shielding effect). 2. The magnetic field coil generates a micro-circulation (magnetohydrodynamics - MHD) that causes the gas bubbles to detach more quickly from the V4A stainless steel surface. This reduces the electrical resistance for the formation of the electrolyte current between the tube electrodes and thus increases the efficiency between the applied electrical energy (energy input) for gas bubble formation and the resulting gas bubble volume with its chemical energy content (energy output). 3. Improved mixing: The "right-hand winding" in the lower part of the cathode induces a targeted flow. Since the winding only occupies 2 / 3 of the cathode electrode's design height, a pressure difference is created in the upper third, which accelerates the rise of the gas bubbles and ensures a continuous supply of "fresh" electrolyte fluid. 4. Optimization through PEM stabilization: Since the diaphragm-PEM layer lies directly above the coil system, the induced magnetic field remains highly concentrated in the reaction space between the tube electrodes. The mechanical stability of the complex diaphragm-separation layer prevents electromagnetic oscillations from causing turbulence in the system that could impair gas bubble separation. 6.3 Technical dependency

[0008] The magnetic field strength B is directly proportional to the number of turns of the magnetic coil and the current flowing through it. Since the galvanically isolated turns of the magnetic coil rest directly on the insulating plastic channel strips, the magnetic coil remains electrically isolated from the rest of the electrode system. This allows for precise control of the magnetic field independent of the electrolysis current and promotes thermal heat dissipation within the system itself. Rationale for this structure: • Synergistic effect: not only individual parts are described, but a cooperating system. The magnetic force (through the current-carrying magnet coil) releases the bubbles due to magnetohydrodynamics, the channel bars carry away the hydrogen gas bubbles as well as the heat generated in the electrolysis process, and the diaphragm separating layer prevents the premixing of hydrogen and oxygen gas bubbles. • Flexibility: Should an inspector or competitor claim that “angled holes” already exist, the protection for the combination with the “right-hand winding” and the “channel strips” still remains in place. 5. List of reference symbols (legend): 1 Anode connection 2 cathode connections 3. Exit - Opening for the hydrogen (H2) gas bubbles - Volume 4. External magnetic field - coil on the ring-shaped cathode surface 5. Internal magnetic field - coil in the cavity of the ring-shaped cathode - electrode 6 Electrolyte medium (acidic liquid) 7 Inner diameter of the ring-shaped anode tube electrode 8. Spacing for the longitudinal support of the plastic channel strips between the windings of the magnetic field coil and the cathode surface 9 Outer diameter of the ring-shaped cathode tube electrode 10 radial diaphragm separating layer [outer plastic tube 1] with rigid grid structure and angled through-holes (at an angle of 45 degrees), each with left-hand through-holes sloping downwards in the tube material 11 through-holes in the tube - base of the ring-shaped cathode - electrode 12 radial diaphragm separating layer [inner plastic tube 2] with rigid grid structure and angled through-holes (at an angle of 45 degrees), through-holes on the right side sloping downwards in the tube material 13. Flow-through - bores in the tubes - wall of the ring-shaped cathodes - electrode 14 Magnetic flux - alignment due to the current-carrying magnetic field - coil (north pole - alignment due to right-hand winding in the direction of the H2 outlet - opening) 15 tubular cathodes - electrode 16 tubular anodes - electrode

Claims

[1] external magnetic field - coil with right-hand winding (4) resting on the outer surface of the annular cathode electrode as an encompassing device to generate a magnetic field which, in interaction with the electrolyte current, causes a “Lorentz force” to magnetohydrodynamically accelerate the faster detachment of hydrogen gas bubbles from the outer cathode surface [2] inner magnetic field - coil with right-hand winding (5) located in the inner cavity of the inner surface of the annular cathode electrode as a comprehensive device to generate a magnetic field which, in interaction with the electrolyte current, causes a “Lorentz force” to magnetohydrodynamically accelerate the faster detachment of hydrogen gas bubbles from the inner cathode surface. [3] Space (8) between coil winding and outer cathode surface for the longitudinal support of the plastic channel strips made of semicircular profiles on the outer surface of the annular cathode electrode as a device for a stable structural base for the windings of the magnetic field coil with a formed space (= cavity - channels) in which longitudinally extending plastic channel strips are arranged, which are designed to form a defined flow path for the electrolyte liquid in order to ensure both a flow path at the cathode surface and a hydrostatic removal of process heat. [4] radial diaphragm - separating layer (outer plastic - tube 1) with rigid grid structure through inclined through holes (10) (at an angle of 45 degrees, each obliquely drilled into the tube material on the left side (10)) as a device of a radially arranged diaphragm as separating layer 1 (tube 1) between an anode and a cathode compartment, characterized by , that the diaphragm is designed as a rigid plastic tube with a grid structure which has a large number of through holes, these holes being inserted at an angle of 45 degrees to the tube wall and each obliquely on the left side into the material to prevent gas bubble turbulence and an associated mixing of hydrogen and oxygen gas bubbles during the electrolysis process. [5] radial diaphragm - separating layer (inner plastic tube 2) with rigid grid structure through inclined through holes (12) (at an angle of 45 degrees, each obliquely drilled into the tube material on the right side (12)) as a device of a radially arranged diaphragm as a separating layer 1 (tube 1) between an anode and a cathode compartment, characterized by , that the diaphragm is designed as a rigid plastic tube with a grid structure which has a large number of through holes, these holes being inserted at an angle of 45 degrees to the tube wall and each obliquely on the left side into the material in order to prevent gas bubble turbulence and an associated mixing of hydrogen and oxygen gas bubbles during the electrolysis process.

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