Floating bodies to suppress evaporation at the water surface

Abstract

A floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface, characterized in that it comprises a first surface, a second surface, and a third surface which are connected one after the other, wherein a closed cavity is formed between the first surface, the second surface, and the third surface; and wherein the projections of the first surface and the third surface are both circular, and wherein the diameter of the circle of the projection of the first surface is larger than the diameter of the circle of the projection of the third surface; and wherein the first surface and the third surface are both curved, and wherein the curvature direction of the first surface is opposite to the curvature direction of the third surface.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA The present application relates to the technical field of water-saving devices for hydraulic engineering projects, in particular a floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface. STATE OF THE ART Currently, symmetrical, spherical floats are primarily used to suppress evaporation at the water's surface. These are typically manufactured from HDPE using a blow molding process, with the center of gravity coinciding with the geometric center. They are unable to assume a specific orientation and, when randomly arranged, exhibit a coverage rate of approximately 75% (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). When arranged regularly and densely, the coverage rate is ≤ 90.69%, and the floats tend to tip over due to wind and waves. As demonstrated by the float sphere disclosed in CN105905247A, although the center of gravity is lowered by a counterweight at the bottom, it remains a symmetrical spherical design, and its dimensions are limited to 50 mm to 150 mm, making it unsuitable for bodies of water of varying sizes.Furthermore, since there is no way to adjust the center of gravity, the coverage rate and universality are insufficient. However, the aforementioned state of the art has the following main shortcomings: 1. Uniform dimensions, lack of universality: The diameters of existing floating spheres are mostly concentrated in the range of 50 mm to 150 mm, making them unsuitable for bodies of water of all sizes – from small ornamental ponds (e.g., 5 cm to 20 cm) to large lakes (e.g., 80 cm to 100 cm), which significantly limits their universality. 2. Bottleneck in coverage rate: Due to their fixed structure, "dead zones" are created between the floating spheres, regardless of whether they are arranged randomly or regularly. With a random arrangement, it is difficult to achieve a coverage rate above 85%, and even with a dense, regular arrangement, the theoretical value is below 90.69%, which does not meet the requirements for efficient water conservation. 3.Insufficient positional stability: Symmetrical floating spheres tend to tip over due to wind and waves; existing asymmetrical floating spheres lack a dynamic alignment between the center of gravity and the center of mass, meaning they cannot automatically return to their original position after tipping and exhibit poor positional stability. 4. Unilateral and non-adjustable center of mass design: In the prior art, the center of mass distribution is fixed, preventing the achievement of a complementary arrangement of different floating spheres by adjusting the center of mass. Since the "adjustability of the center of mass" is not protected as a core feature, this design can be easily circumvented. Therefore, there is a need for a floating device to suppress evaporation at the water surface, which eliminates all the above-mentioned deficiencies. CONTENT OF THE PRESENT APPLICATION With regard to the aforementioned problems, the present application provides a floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface, comprising a first surface, a second surface, and a third surface connected successively, wherein a closed cavity is formed between the first surface, the second surface, and the third surface; and wherein the projections of the first surface and the third surface are both circular, and wherein the diameter of the circle of the projection of the first surface is larger than the diameter of the circle of the projection of the third surface; and wherein the first surface and the third surface are both curved, and wherein the curvature direction of the first surface is opposite to the curvature direction of the third surface. Furthermore, the diameter of the circle of the projection of the first surface is D, where 5 cm ≤ D ≤ 100 cm. Furthermore, the radius of curvature of the first surface is R, where R > 0.5D, and the radius of curvature of the third surface is r, where r > 0.5D and r > R. Furthermore, the radius of curvature of the third surface is larger than the radius of curvature of the first surface. Furthermore, the second surface forms a flat, bulbous structure. Furthermore, the width of the flat belly is W, where 0.5D ≤ W ≤ D, and the height of the flat belly is H, where 0.25D ≤ H ≤ 0.5D. Furthermore, to suppress evaporation, the center of gravity of the floating body is located at the water surface directly below the center of gravity when the floating body is stationary in the water; Furthermore, the initial position of the center of buoyancy of the floating body to suppress evaporation at the water surface is B0, wherein the position after the inclination is B1, and wherein the connecting line between B0 and B1 lies below the center of gravity, and wherein the center of buoyancy after the inclination is not on the same vertical as the center of gravity. Furthermore, several reinforcing ribs are arranged at regular intervals on the second surface. Furthermore, a groove is provided on the third surface, into which a counterweight is inserted. Furthermore, the depth of the groove is 0.05D to 0.1D, with the groove being circular or ring-shaped; the counterweight snaps into the groove. Furthermore, the float, which suppresses evaporation at the water surface, is made of HDPE and has a wall thickness of 0.5 mm to 5 mm. Furthermore, the float is formed in one piece using the blow molding process to suppress evaporation at the water surface. Advantages: 1. The floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface according to the present invention comprises a first surface, a second surface and a third surface, which are connected one after the other, wherein a closed cavity is formed between the first surface, the second surface and the third surface; and wherein the projections of the first surface and the third surface are both circular, and wherein the diameter of the circle of the projection of the first surface is larger than the diameter of the circle of the projection of the third surface; and wherein the first surface and the third surface are both curved, and wherein the curvature direction of the first surface is opposite to the curvature direction of the third surface.The present invention utilizes the asymmetrical structure of the first, second, and third surfaces, which, when randomly arranged, increases the coverage rate and thus the annual water savings. Highly efficient evaporation suppression can be achieved in bodies of water of varying sizes, thereby overcoming the coverage rate bottleneck in the prior art. 2. The radius of curvature of the third surface of the float for suppressing evaporation at the water surface according to the present invention is larger than the radius of curvature of the first surface, creating a flatter belly and a lower center of gravity to reduce friction with the water surface; the angular difference between the underside and the topside of the other floats prevents slight overlap and adapts to the flow resistance requirements for different body of water sizes. 3.The diameter of the circle projected onto the first surface of the floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface according to the present invention is D, where 5 cm ≤ D ≤ 100 cm. The present invention appears as a circle in a top view, thus ensuring force balance and positional stability at all sizes. The present invention can be flexibly selected depending on the water conditions and the requirements for the evaporation suppression rate: For a high evaporation suppression rate, floating spheres with a small diameter are selected; for high requirements regarding wind and wave resistance as well as freeze-thaw resistance, floating spheres with a large diameter are selected. 4. The second surface of the floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface according to the present invention forms a flat, bulbous structure.The width of the flat belly is W, where 0.5D ≤ W ≤ D, and the height of the flat belly is H, where 0.25D ≤ H ≤ 0.5D; this increases the displacement volume and improves buoyancy stability. 5. In the floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface according to the present invention, the core parameters of the structure—such as the radius of curvature of the upper convex surface, the width and height of the flat belly, and the radius of the slight curvature at the bottom—are designed to be proportional to the diameter D. This standardizes the mechanical properties and positional stability of the floating spheres across the entire size range from 5 cm to 100 cm and solves the problem of adapting them to bodies of water of all sizes. 6.In the floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface according to the present invention, the center of buoyancy is located directly below the center of gravity when the floating body is stationary in the water; the initial position of the center of buoyancy of the floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface is B0, the position after tilting is B1. The line connecting B0 and B1 lies below the center of gravity, and the center of buoyancy after tilting is not on the same vertical as the center of gravity, thus creating a restoring moment that is directed towards the initial stable position and drives the floating body to automatically return to its upright position.This mechanism defines the dynamic coordination between the buoyancy center and the center of gravity, eliminates the lack of automatic recovery capability in existing asymmetrical floats, and significantly improves the float's resistance to wind and waves as well as to rolling movements, so that it can even withstand a complete 180° overturn. Further features and advantages of the present application are explained in the following description and are partly evident from the description or recognizable from the implementation of the present application. The purpose and further advantages of the present application can be realized and achieved through the design presented in the description and the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING To better illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the prior art technical solutions, the drawings necessary for describing the specific embodiments or the prior art are briefly presented below. It is self-evident that the drawings described below represent some embodiments of the present invention; for a person skilled in the art, it is possible to develop further embodiments from these drawings without any creative effort. Fig. 1 shows a top view of a floating body in the prior art. Fig. 2 shows a side view of a floating body in the prior art. Fig. 3 shows a side view of a floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface according to the present application.Figure 4 shows a top view of a floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface according to the present application. Figure 5 shows a side view of a floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface according to the present application. Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the center of buoyancy (B) and the center of gravity (G) of the floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface according to the present application; wherein Figure 6a shows a side view of the floating body in a horizontal position on the water surface; Figure 6b shows a side view of the floating body in a slightly inclined position on the water surface; and Figure 6c shows a side view of the floating body in a strongly inclined position on the water surface.Figure 7 shows a top view of floats of different sizes, which in an embodiment of the present application are arranged on the water surface. Figure 8 shows a side view of the float in an embodiment of the present application, which is provided with reinforcing ribs. Figure 9 shows a side view of the float in an embodiment of the present application, which is provided with counterweights. DETAILED DESCRIPTION To further clarify the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings included therein. It is understood that the described embodiments represent only a portion of the embodiments of the present invention and do not encompass all embodiments. All further embodiments that a person skilled in the art in this field can derive from the embodiments described in the present invention without any inventive effort fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1 Referring to Fig. 3, a floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface, comprising a first surface, a second surface and a third surface connected successively, wherein a closed cavity is formed between the first surface, the second surface and the third surface; and wherein the projections of the first surface and the third surface are both circular, and wherein the diameter of the circle of the projection of the first surface is larger than the diameter of the circle of the projection of the third surface; and wherein the first surface and the third surface are both curved, and wherein the curvature direction of the first surface is opposite to the curvature direction of the third surface. In particular, the present invention uses an asymmetrical structure consisting of an upper convex surface, a lower flat belly, and a slight curvature at the bottom, which, when randomly arranged, achieves a coverage rate of ≥97% (see Fig. 4). Under ideal conditions, this can reach almost 100%, representing an improvement of 12% to 22% compared to existing floating bodies and an increase in annual water savings of 15% to 20%. Highly effective evaporation suppression can be achieved in bodies of water of varying sizes, thereby overcoming the limitation of the coverage rate in the prior art. Furthermore, the diameter of the circle projecting the first surface is D, where 5 cm ≤ D ≤ 100 cm. The radius of curvature of the first surface is R, where R > 0.5D, and the radius of curvature of the third surface is r, where r > 0.5D and r > R. This creates a flatter belly and a lower center of gravity to reduce friction with the water surface. The bottom forms an angular difference with the top of other floats, making overlap difficult (see Fig. 5). The radius of curvature r of the third surface is larger than the radius of curvature R of the first surface, resulting in a slightly convex surface on the bottom of the float.This reduces friction upon contact with the water surface and lessens the impact of the water flow on the float; on the other hand, the slightly curved bottom surface creates an angle difference to the upper curved surface of other floats, thus preventing overlapping and piling up of the floats, which further increases the coverage rate and simultaneously meets the requirements for flow resistance in bodies of water of different sizes. The present invention appears in plan view as a circle with a diameter D ∈ [5 cm, 100 cm], thus ensuring force balance and positional stability for all sizes. The present invention can be flexibly selected depending on the water conditions and the requirements for the evaporation suppression rate: For a high evaporation suppression rate, floating spheres with a small diameter are selected; for high requirements regarding wind and wave resistance as well as resistance to freeze-thaw cycles, floating spheres with a large diameter are selected. In particular, the present invention is characterized by its high degree of scalability, covering all sizes from 5 cm to 100 cm. It can be precisely adapted to miniature ornamental ponds (5 cm to 20 cm), small reservoirs (20 cm to 40 cm), medium-sized reservoirs (40 cm to 80 cm), and large lakes (80 cm to 100 cm). Its versatility far surpasses that of existing products and meets the requirements for evaporation suppression in bodies of water of varying sizes. The scope of protection of the present invention is comprehensive: By covering all sizes from 5 to 100 cm, standardizing the core structure parameters, and defining independent technical features (especially through the multidimensional concept with an adjustable center of gravity), it is effectively prevented that similar products circumvent the patent by adapting dimensions or setting fixed parameters, thus establishing a solid barrier to patent protection. In a side view, the present invention can be divided into two parts: The upper part consists of a convex surface (i.e., the first surface) that curves away from the water surface, with a radius of curvature R > 0.5D. If floats stack on top of each other, they can slide downwards along this curvature, thus preventing floats of different sizes from stacking on the water surface. The lower part is a flat, bulbous structure extending towards the water surface; the second surface (parallel to the water surface in cross-section) is circular when viewed from above. The bottom is a slightly convex structure projecting towards the water surface (i.e., the third surface), with a radius of curvature r > 0.5D. Furthermore, the second surface forms a flat, bulbous structure. The width of the flat bulbous section is W, where 0.5D ≤ W ≤ D, and the height of the flat bulbous section is H, where 0.25D ≤ H ≤ 0.5D. In particular, the width of the flat bulge refers to the dimensions of the lower connecting lines of the first surface and the lower connecting lines of the second surface in the side view of Fig. 3, where the value W1 of the lower connecting line of the first surface is D; the value W2 of the lower connecting line of the second surface is 0.5D ≤ W2 < D; and the height of the flat bulge is the distance H between the lower connecting lines of the first surface and the lower connecting line of the second surface, where H ∈ [0.25D, 0.5D]. The above settings increase the displacement volume and improve buoyancy stability. The present invention introduces, for the first time, a fully scaled, adapted asymmetrical float sphere design: it overcomes the size limitations of the prior art (30 cm to 80 cm) and makes the core parameters of the structure – such as the radius of curvature R of the upper curved surface, the width W and height H of the flat belly, and the radius of the slight curvature at the bottom – proportional to the diameter D. This standardizes the mechanical properties and positional stability of the float spheres across the entire size range from 5 cm to 100 cm and solves the problem of adapting them to bodies of water of all sizes. See Fig. 6. For the floating body used to suppress evaporation at the water surface, the center of buoyancy is located directly below the center of gravity when the floating body is stationary in the water. The initial position of the center of buoyancy is B0, and the position after tilting is B1. The line connecting B0 and B1 lies below the center of gravity, and the center of buoyancy after tilting is not on the same vertical plane as the center of gravity. In particular, the following relationship exists between the center of buoyancy and the center of gravity: Basic equilibrium principle: When the floating body is stationary on the water, the center of buoyancy (geometric center of the displacement volume) is always located directly below the center of gravity (summit of the gravitational forces), thus creating a stable vertical force equilibrium. Mechanism for self-righting after tilting: If the float is slightly tilted by external forces, the center of buoyancy shifts according to the changed shape of the displacement volume. The line connecting the original center of buoyancy B0 and the center of buoyancy B1 after the tilt (the line connecting the shifted center of buoyancy) lies in the lower part of the center of gravity G. The center of buoyancy after the tilt is not on the same vertical plane as the center of gravity, creating a restoring moment directed towards the original stable position, which drives the float to automatically right itself.This mechanism defines the dynamic coordination between the buoyancy center and the center of gravity, eliminates the lack of automatic recovery capability in existing asymmetrical floats, and significantly improves the float's resistance to wind and waves as well as to rolling movements, so that even a complete 180° overturning of the float is not a problem. The present invention discloses the dynamic-mechanical mechanism for the stability of the floating sphere: For the first time, the general design guideline "in the resting state, the center of buoyancy is located directly below the center of gravity; in the case of inclination, the line connecting the varying center of buoyancy lies below the center of gravity to generate a restoring moment" is clearly defined and applied. This provides the theoretical basis and design foundation for the self-stability of full-size floating spheres and significantly improves the resistance of the float to wind and waves as well as to rolling movements.In particular, the restoring moment generated after the inclination of the float to suppress evaporation at the water surface according to the present invention can automatically return the float from a 90° tilting position to its original stable floating position to ensure that the largest cross-section covers the water. In particular, the floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface according to the present invention exhibits an extremely stable position: Based on the general rule that "the center of buoyancy lies at the lower part of the center of gravity and the line connecting the varying center of buoyancy after a tilt lies at the lower part of the center of gravity," the positional stability of full-size floating bodies (5 cm to 100 cm) at wind force 3 and a current velocity of 0.3 m / s is ≥ 98%, without any risk of capsizing or the need for external anchoring. Specifically, the floating bodies of the present application are tested under standard conditions for calm water, at wind force 3 (wind speed 3.4 m / s to 5.4 m / s) and a current velocity of 0.3 m / s in a 10 m² test body of water in a random arrangement.The test results show that the maximum coverage rate of the floats in the three sizes of 5 cm, 50 cm, and 100 cm is 97.8%, 97.2%, and 96.9%, respectively, and the average coverage rate is ≥97%; whereas the maximum coverage rate of existing symmetrical spherical floats under the same conditions is approximately 90%, and the coverage rate of the floats of the present application is increased by approximately 20%. At wind force 3, the positional stability of the floats of the present application is 98.5%, without capsizing, whereas the positional stability of existing floats is 65% and the capsizing rate reaches 35%. As shown in Fig. 8, several reinforcing ribs are arranged at regular intervals on the second surface, the ribs being able to be located on both the outer and inner sides of the surface. Specifically, the second surface has annularly distributed reinforcing ribs in a number N ∈ [2-6] (optionally: N = 2-3 for D ≤ 20 cm; N = 3-4 for 20 cm < D ≤ 60 cm; N = 4-6 for D > 60 cm), where the thickness of the ribs is ∈ [1-3 mm] and the height is ∈ [0.08D-0.12D]. Adjusting the number of ribs regulates the mass distribution; the height of the ribs is kept as small as possible to facilitate overlap; the ribs are arranged annularly and are evenly spaced. As shown in Fig. 9: A groove is provided on the third surface into which a counterweight is inserted. In particular, a groove is provided at the slightly convex area on the bottom into which a counterweight made of high-density HDPE with a mass m ∈ [1 g–200 g] is inserted (m = 1–50 g for D ≤ 20 cm; m = 50–120 g for 20 cm < D ≤ 60 cm; m = 120–200 g for D > 60 cm), thereby adjusting the center of gravity by the mass. The counterweights can be designed by enlarging the ribs on the bottom of the float sphere; these ribs can be obtained by cutting along the mold closing line to reduce the material consumption of the float sphere. Furthermore, the float, which suppresses evaporation at the water surface, is made of HDPE and has a wall thickness of 0.5 mm to 5 mm. Food-grade HDPE with a wall thickness t ∈ [0.5 mm, 5 mm] is used (t = 0.5-2 mm for D ≤ 20 cm; t = 2-3 mm for 20 cm < D ≤ 60 cm; t = 3-5 mm for D > 60 cm), which is molded in one piece using a blow molding process to ensure weather resistance and structural strength. The present invention consists of food-grade HDPE material, is non-toxic and environmentally friendly and poses no risk of water pollution; the upper curved surface prevents direct sunlight, suppresses algae growth and improves the aquatic environment in bodies of water of all sizes, thereby achieving both ecological and environmental benefits. Example 2 The various implementation variants of the present invention with an adjustable center of gravity (suitable for all sizes) enable precise adjustment of the center of gravity position (offset of the center of gravity relative to the largest cross-section ∈ [0.008D, 0.025D]) through the following four individual or combined solutions, ensuring that the core criterion of "floating center below the center of gravity" is met for various sizes from 5 cm to 100 cm: Solution 1: Differentiation of the dimensions of the lower flat belly: Adjustment of the width W (0.85D-D) and the height H (0.25D-0.5D) of the flat belly to change the mass distribution. Alternatively, the elevation height of the upper curved surface can also be differentiated: Adjustment of the elevation height of the upper curved surface (0.4D-0.6D) to change the mass distribution and to precisely control the center of gravity.Solution 2: Differentiation of the number of ribs in the middle section: At the junction between the upper and lower structures, ring-shaped reinforcing ribs are arranged in a number N ∈ [2-6] (optionally: N = 2-3 for D ≤ 20 cm; N = 3-4 for 20 cm < D ≤ 60 cm; N = 4-6 for D > 60 cm), where the thickness of the ribs is ∈ [1-3 mm] and the height is ∈ [0.08D-0.12D]. By adjusting the number, the mass distribution is regulated; the height of the ribs is kept as small as possible to allow for easier overlap.Solution 3: Differentiation of the counterweights on the bottom: A groove is made at the slightly curved area on the bottom, into which a counterweight made of high-density HDPE with a mass m ∈ [1 g-200 g] is inserted (m = 1-50 g for D ≤ 20 cm; m = 50-120 g for 20 cm < D ≤ 60 cm; m = 120-200 g for D > 60 cm), the depth of the groove is 0.05D-0.1D, the groove is circular or ring-shaped; the counterweight snaps into the groove, with the structure being reinforced at the grooves to increase strength. The center of gravity is adjusted by the mass. The counterweights can be designed by enlarging the ribs on the bottom of the float sphere; these ribs can be created by cutting along the mold closing line to reduce the material consumption of the float sphere. Solution 4: With a uniform arrangement situation and identical arrangement dimensions, the mass distribution is changed by using floats with different wall thicknesses, thereby shifting the center of gravity and fulfilling complementary filling requirements. Solution 1 (differentiation of the dimensions of the flat belly / upper curved surface), Solution 2 (differentiation of the number of ribs), Solution 3 (differentiation of the counterweights at the bottom), and Solution 4 (differentiation of the wall thicknesses) are all suitable for bodies of water with varying surface areas. The smaller the dimensions, the greater the achievable coverage rate, but the lower the resistance to natural disturbances. Multi-criteria optimization regarding cost-effectiveness and stability can be achieved through trials and simulation models. Taking the specific objectives into account, the four solutions can be used individually or in combination for the bodies of water to be covered. The present invention develops a multidimensional technical solution with an adjustable center of gravity: The "adjustability of the center of gravity" is elevated to an independent core feature of the technology, and various measures such as differentiating the dimensions of the flat belly, differentiating the number of reinforcing ribs, differentiating the counterweights at the bottom, differentiating the wall thicknesses, and differentiating the elevation height of the upper curved surface are used to precisely control the position of the center of gravity (center of gravity displacement range from 0.008D to 0.025D). This provides a crucial technical basis for the complementary filling and prevention of stacking in floating ball arrangements and effectively overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies with a fixed center of gravity. Example 3 For various application scenarios, the following design is implemented by combining embodiment 1 and embodiment 2: Solution 5: Suitable for small decorative pools (swimming spheres with a diameter D = 10 cm) Structural parameters: Diameter D of the swimming sphere = 10 cm; radius of curvature R of the upper curved surface = 6 cm (= 0.6D); width W of the flat belly = 9 cm (= 0.9D); height H of the flat belly = 3 cm (= 0.3D); radius r of the slight curvature at the bottom = 7 cm (= 0.7D); Material: food-grade HDPE, wall thickness t = 1 mm. Adjustment of the center of gravity: Solution 2: Differentiation of the ribs in the middle is applied, whereby two circles of annular reinforcing ribs with a rib thickness of 1.5 mm and a height of 1 mm (= 0.1D) are attached at the junction between the flat belly and the curved surface, thereby shifting the center of gravity by approximately 0.01D compared to the geometric center (i.e.,The center of gravity is shifted downwards by 0.1 cm to meet the core requirement that the center of gravity lies below the center of mass. Arrangement result: Thousands of float spheres of this size are mixed with a small quantity of float spheres measuring D = 5 cm (the differentiation of the center of mass is achieved by adjusting the elevation of the upper curved surface according to solution 1) and manually scattered randomly onto the water surface of the ornamental pond. Due to the differentiation of the center of mass and the asymmetrical structure, the float spheres automatically adjust their position in the water, resulting in a non-overlapping, gap-filling coverage. Measurements show a coverage rate of 97.5% with stable positioning without tipping over.Example 4: Suitable for medium-sized reservoirs (floating spheres with a diameter D = 50 cm). Structural parameters: Diameter D of the floating spheres = 50 cm; radius of curvature R of the upper convex surface = 25 cm (= 0.5D); width W of the flat belly = 45 cm (= 0.9D); height H of the flat belly = 15 cm (= 0.3D); radius r of the slight bulge at the bottom = 30 cm (= 0.6D); wall thickness t = 2.5 mm. Adjustment of the center of gravity: Solution 3: Differentiation of counterweights at the bottom is applied. A pre-formed groove is provided on the molded closing line of the slight bulge at the bottom, into which an 80 g counterweight made of high-density HDPE is inserted, thus significantly lowering the center of gravity. The displacement is approximately 0.02D (i.e., 1 cm), which improves stability under wind and wave conditions. Arrangement result (see Fig. 7): Using a work vessel, three types of floating spheres – D = 50 cm (main counterweight, according to solution 3), D = 30 cm (adjustment of the number of ribs according to solution 2), and D = 70 cm (adjustment of the wall thickness according to solution 4) – are mixed in a 6:2:2 ratio and deployed over a large area. Under wind and wave conditions of force 3, the floating sphere arrangement remains stable without tipping over or stacking (better wind resistance than D1 and than the dense, uniform-sized arrangement of D2). The coverage rate of the reservoir's water surface is over 97%, resulting in a significant reduction in annual evaporation. Example 5: Modular Production Process for Full-Size Floating Spheres. Using the example of manufacturing floating spheres with a diameter of 30 cm: Mold Preparation: The modules for the upper domed surface, the flat belly, and the slight curvature at the bottom are taken from the modular, true-to-scale mold and assembled according to the ratio parameters for a diameter of 30 cm. Since no separate molds need to be made, mold costs and the production cycle are reduced. Blow Molding: HDPE raw material is placed in the mold, the blowing pressure is set to 0.8 MPa, and the cooling time to 3 minutes to ensure the structural strength and dimensional accuracy of the product. In particular, the production process for full-size products uses the "modular, true-to-scale mold + one-time blow molding" method. The mold consists of one module for the upper domed surface, one module for the flat belly, and one module for the slight curvature at the bottom.All modules are designed to scale, eliminating the need for separate molds for specific dimensions. It is sufficient to adjust the module proportions and blow molding parameters (pressure ∈ [0.5-1.5 MPa], cooling time ∈ [1-8 minutes]) to produce full-size products. Floats with different centers of gravity can be manufactured using a single mold; molds with varying centers of gravity can be produced through a single blow molding operation. Center of gravity integration: In this embodiment, solution 3 (differentiation of the counterweights on the bottom) is selected. After blow molding, prefabricated 50 g counterweights made of high-density HDPE are pressed into the grooves on the bottom to complete the center of gravity adjustment, achieving a center of gravity shift of 0.015D (i.e., 0.45 cm).Flexible adaptation: By exchanging modules in different size ratios and making minor adjustments to the blow molding parameters (e.g., when producing a float sphere with a diameter of 80 cm, the pressure is set to 1.2 MPa and the cooling time to 6 minutes), float spheres of any desired size in the range of 5 cm to 100 cm can be produced with this mold, enabling efficient and cost-effective production flexibility (in contrast to conventional methods where a separate mold has to be made for each size). Compared to conventional spheres, this invention uses less material, resulting in lower material costs. Example 6 The transport solution for full-size items is based on a "staggered, nested stacking" design: For diameters ≤ 20 cm, 15 to 20 pieces are stacked in a single layer; for diameters ≤ 20 cm, 5 to 10 pieces are stacked in a single layer; for diameters > 60 cm, 3 to 5 pieces are stacked in a single layer. By encasing the items in a flexible nylon net and securing them with high-strength strapping, the transport space utilization is adapted to different size requirements. On the production side, the use of modular, scaled forms eliminates the need for separate mold making, increasing production efficiency by 40%; on the transport side, costs are reduced by 50% through staggered, nested stacking; on the arrangement side, efficiency is increased by 60% through zoned and staged distribution, reducing overall costs by more than 40%, which has the value for widespread distribution. The placement solution for full-size bodies utilizes a "zoned and stepwise mixed arrangement": In micro-water bodies (D = 5 cm to 20 cm), placement is carried out manually or with small deployment devices; in small water bodies (20 cm < D ≤ 40 cm) with portable deployment boxes; in medium and large water bodies (D > 40 cm) with workboats or drones. Floats with different centers of gravity are mixed proportionally to achieve self-adjusting filling. Development of an adaptive overall system covering production, transport, and arrangement: Through modular, true-to-scale forms, staggered, nested transport, and a zoned and staged mixed distribution, cost and efficiency problems in the manufacture and application of full-size floating sphere assemblies are systematically solved. The system is suitable for widespread deployment and offers 40% higher production output, 50% lower transport costs, and 60% higher arrangement efficiency compared to existing technologies. Although the embodiments of the invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, a person skilled in the art may make various modifications and variants without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention; such modifications and variants all fall within the scope defined by the accompanying claims. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, a person skilled in the art will understand that it is nevertheless possible to make changes to the technical solutions described in the above embodiments or to replace individual technical features with equivalent ones; however, such changes or replacements do not result in the essence of the corresponding technical solutions differing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the individual embodiments of the present application. QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION This list of documents cited by the applicant was automatically generated and is included solely for the reader's convenience. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA accepts no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature CN 105905247A

[0002]

Claims

Floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface, characterized in that it comprises a first surface, a second surface and a third surface which are connected one after the other, wherein a closed cavity is formed between the first surface, the second surface and the third surface; and wherein the projections of the first surface and the third surface are both circular, and wherein the diameter of the circle of the projection of the first surface is larger than the diameter of the circle of the projection of the third surface; and wherein the first surface and the third surface are both curved, and wherein the curvature direction of the first surface is opposite to the curvature direction of the third surface. Floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the circle of the projection of the first surface is D, where 5 cm ≤ D ≤ 100 cm. Floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface according to claim 2, characterized in that the radius of curvature of the first surface is R, wherein R > 0.5D applies, wherein the radius of curvature of the third surface is r, wherein r > 0.5D and r > R apply. Floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface according to claim 3, characterized in that the radius of curvature of the third surface is larger than the radius of curvature of the first surface. Floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the second surface forms a flat, bulbous structure. Floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface according to claim 5, characterized in that the width of the flat belly is W, wherein 0.5D ≤ W ≤ D applies, wherein the height of the flat belly is H, wherein 0.25D ≤ H ≤ 0.5D applies. Floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface according to claim 1, characterized in that the center of buoyancy of the floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface is located directly below the center of gravity when the floating body is stationary in the water; wherein the initial position of the center of buoyancy of the floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface is B0, wherein the position after the inclination is B1, and wherein the connecting line between B0 and B1 is below the center of gravity, and wherein the center of buoyancy after the inclination is not on the same vertical as the center of gravity. Floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface according to claim 7, characterized in that several reinforcing ribs are arranged at uniform intervals on the second surface. Floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface according to claim 7, characterized in that a groove is provided on the third surface in which a counterweight is inserted. Floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface according to claim 9, characterized in that the depth of the groove is 0.05D to 0.1D, wherein the groove is circular or ring-shaped; wherein the counterweight engages in the groove. Floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface according to claim 1, characterized in that the floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface is made of HDPE and has a wall thickness of 0.5 mm to 5 mm. Floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface according to claim 1, characterized in that the floating body for suppressing evaporation at the water surface is formed in one piece by means of a blow molding process.

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