ANCHORAGE POINT

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an attachment point with a lower part having a connecting means for connecting the attachment point to an object to be handled therewith and with an upper part which is rotatable relative to the lower part and connected thereto and has a connecting element for connecting a lifting, attachment or lashing means, wherein for the rotatable mounting of the upper part relative to the lower part, the upper part has an upper bearing surface which tapers conically in the axial direction, the lower part has a lower bearing surface which tapers conically in the same direction and wherein, according to one embodiment, rolling bearing bodies with a shape defined by an axis of rotation and a lateral surface which is rotationally symmetrical about the axis of rotation are arranged between the two bearing surfaces, the axes of rotation of which are aligned in the direction of the conical taper of the bearing surfaces.

[0002] Such lifting points, whether designed as eyebolts or swivel lifting points, are typically used for lifting or lashing objects. The lower part of the lifting points is connected to the object to be handled, whereby several lifting points are typically used to attach a corresponding lifting gear to handle such an object. As a connecting element, lifting points that are not intended to be permanently attached to an object to be handled have a threaded bolt as part of the lower part, with which the lifting point is screwed into a complementary internal threaded hole in the object to be handled and clamped to the object. Depending on the desired application, an eyelet or a fork head can be provided as a connecting element on the upper part for connecting a lifting, lifting or lashing device.In both cases, the connecting element can be designed so that a lifting, sling, or lashing device can be directly connected to it, or such a connecting element can have a hook eye inserted into it, to which the lifting, sling, or lashing device is then connected. For designs in which the anchor point remains permanently attached to an object to be handled, it is possible to weld its lower part to the object to be handled. In this case, the anchor point, as a connecting element, has a corresponding welding geometry.

[0003] The upper part of such an attachment point is rotatable relative to the lower part so that when a tensile force acts on the connecting element of the upper part, this and thus the upper part can be aligned in the direction of tension. The rotational mobility of the upper part relative to the lower part can be achieved in different ways. According to a first embodiment, a sliding bearing is provided between the upper and lower parts. Such an attachment point is known from EP 3 736 459 B1. In an attachment point designed in this way, it is provided that the upper part is to be manually aligned before or when the tensile force is applied in the event of a transverse load, i.e. a tensile load where the tensile force does not act in the direction of the rotation axis of the upper part, in order to prevent the upper part from possibly tilting relative to the lower part due to the applied tensile force.Even when axial tensile force is applied, the forces acting on the bearing partners of the plain bearing sometimes prevent or impair rotational mobility of the upper part relative to the lower part. However, in some cases, rotational mobility is desired even in this situation.

[0004] To improve the rotational mobility of the upper part relative to the lower part when subjected to an applied axial tensile load, stop points have been proposed that use rolling elements instead of plain bearings. DE 20 2012 100 764 U1 describes such a stop point, in which two ball bearings arranged one above the other in the axial direction are provided to achieve the rotational mobility. A stop point with a similar design is known from DE 201 21 118 U1. In these stop points, the balls used as rolling elements are also used to hold the upper and lower parts together. The balls used as rolling elements are each arranged in a ball channel, each of which is formed by a half-bore made in the lower and upper parts, respectively, which complements the ball channel.Each half-bore on the upper part is accessible via a mounting hole through which, once the upper part and lower part are correctly positioned relative to each other, the balls are inserted into the respective ball channel as rolling elements. While such a stop point improves rotation of the upper part relative to the lower part in an unloaded state, the knock-off point described in DE 20 2012 100 764 U1 is also intended to create a tension between the upper and lower parts when a tensile load is applied in the direction of the rotation axis of the upper part, in order to prevent or at least inhibit unintentional rotation of the connecting element.

[0005] DE 101 64 593 B4 discloses an anchor point with increased tilt resistance against lateral tensile loads acting on the upper part. To achieve this, two deep groove ball bearings are used, with a first deep groove ball bearing arranged between the underside of the head section of the lower part and a corresponding bearing section of the upper part, while a second deep groove ball bearing with a larger diameter and thus with a greater radial distance from the axis of rotation between the upper part and the lower part is arranged between the underside of the upper part and a support disc assigned to the lower part. The support disc is pressed onto a cylindrical end of the anchoring screw serving as the lower part.

[0006] EP 3 263 948 B1 describes an end stop whose load-bearing capacity is improved compared to an end stop with a ball-bearing upper part by using cones as rolling bearing bodies instead of balls. The bearing surfaces of the upper and lower parts taper towards the connecting element of the upper part. EP 3 494 079 B1 discloses another end stop whose upper part is mounted relative to the lower part with the interposition of truncated cone-shaped rolling elements. In this prior art, the inclination direction of the rolling elements is opposite to the inclination direction described in EP 3 263 948 B1. In these two previously known end points, the rolling elements also serve to hold the lower and upper parts together. The rolling bearing bodies are inserted into the bearing channel via a mounting hole.Even if the nominal load capacity of such an end point is improved by the use of cones as rolling bearing bodies compared to ball-bearing end points, the rotational mobility of the upper part relative to the lower part can only be guaranteed if the bearing surfaces as well as the rolling bearing bodies are manufactured with high precision. The bearing must be free of play. Otherwise there is a risk that the conical rolling bearing bodies will tilt in the bearing channel and thus impede or even block the desired rotational mobility. Cones are used for these two end points as rolling bearing bodies in order to compensate for path differences on the bearing surface section with the smaller diameter compared to the bearing surface section with the larger diameter during rotation. Even the insertion of the individual cones as rolling bearing bodies into the bearing channel and their correct alignment therein is problematic.In the stop point known from EP 3 494 079 B1, which is designed according to the preamble of claim 1, the lower part is inserted from below into a recess in the underside of the upper part. The diameter of the head section is therefore significantly smaller than the opening width of the underside of the upper part for inserting the lower part. For this reason, the rolling bearing bodies are inclined at only a slight angle relative to the rotational axis of the upper part relative to the lower part.

[0007] Based on the last discussed prior art, the invention is based on the object of proposing a stop point whose upper part is mounted relative to the lower part with the interposition of non-spherical rolling elements, without the assembly problems described in the prior art occurring, and on which lower requirements are placed on the freedom from play of its bearing surface.

[0008] This object is achieved according to the invention by a generic anchor point as mentioned above with the further features of claim 1.

[0009] This stop point departs from the conventional concept of holding the upper and lower parts together using rolling elements arranged at an angle to their axis of rotation. With this stop point, the lower part is designed to engage at least partially with the upper part. The upper part therefore has a centrally arranged opening that serves as a lower part receptacle, in which the lower part is arranged. Part of the lower part is a locking body that is connected to the shaft section of the lower part and engages at least partially below the upper part in the radial direction. Functionally with regard to the stop point, the lower part and locking body form a common functional unit, relative to which the upper part can rotate.In the following explanations, unless otherwise stated, the term "lower part" refers to the component of the "lower part" functional unit that comprises the head section and the shaft section. In a design in which the shaft section is equipped with an external thread, this part of the "lower part" functional unit can also be referred to as the screw part. The axial cohesion of the upper and lower parts is thus provided by the head section and the closure body of the lower part. The bearing surface of the lower part, provided by a lateral surface section of its head section, serves to provide axial cohesion in one direction, while the closure body engaging beneath the upper part provides cohesion in the opposite direction.This concept allows for an assembly of the stop point in which the rolling bearing bodies can be positioned in their intended spatial position on the bearing surface provided by the upper part, as well as the use of rolling bearing bodies arranged in a bearing body cage. In the latter case, the intended alignment of the non-spherical rolling bearing bodies with regard to the orientation of their axis of rotation in the direction of inclination of the bearing surfaces is ensured by such a bearing body cage. Furthermore, such a rolling bearing body serves to permanently hold the rolling bearing bodies in their intended spatial position. In this case, it is irrelevant whether the bearing has play or not. This concept also allows for the formation of a stop point in which a rotational drive is to be achieved between the upper part and lower part for clamping the lower part to an object to be handled, as described, for example, in EP 3 736 459 B1.The bearing function of the rolling bearing bodies is then not impaired by the enlargement of the bearing gap during the coupling of the upper and lower parts.

[0010] If a tensile load is applied to the upper part, the bearing surfaces automatically return to their intended axial position relative to each other without a bearing gap.

[0011] The rolling bearing body channel, which is located between the bearing surface of the upper part and that of the lower part and is open in a pre-assembly position, is closed after the rolling bearing bodies, typically held in a bearing body cage, have been placed on the bearing surface of the upper part. The lower part is then inserted into the central opening of the upper part, with the shaft passing through this central opening in the upper part. The bearing channel is then closed by the bearing surface of the lower part coming into contact with the rolling bearing bodies. In a subsequent step, the closing body, which engages under the underside of the upper part, is connected to the shaft section of the lower part. This connection is made in the axial direction. This connection can, but does not have to, be torque-locked.The advantage of this type of stop point design is not only its simplified assembly, but also that the rolling bearing bodies located in the bearing channel, typically with their bearing body cage, are accessible again by removing the locking body. This allows for replacement of the rolling bearing bodies in the event of wear and / or reworking of the bearing surfaces, if necessary.

[0012] The tapering direction of the bearing surfaces of the upper part and lower part and thus the angle of inclination of the axes of rotation of the rolling bearing bodies point in the direction of the closure body and in the direction of the axis of rotation of the upper part relative to the lower part.

[0013] The provision of a locking body connected to the shaft section of the lower part has the further advantage of allowing the bearing clearance of the rotational mobility of the upper part relative to the lower part to be adjusted. Such a locking body is typically mounted axially onto the shaft section of the lower part, allowing the bearing clearance to be adjusted depending on the final axial position of the locking body.

[0014] In a design of the lower part in which the closure body is screwed onto the head section of the lower part via the threaded section's runout, this part of the lower part can be realized, as provided in one embodiment, by a commercially available, appropriately hardened screw with a head section whose underside is inclined toward the threaded shaft. Such screws typically have an angle of inclination of the underside of the head of 45° relative to the longitudinal axis. With such a design, the anchor point can be manufactured particularly cost-effectively.

[0015] While in previously known stop points with non-spherical rolling bearing bodies, the mounting holes must be designed so that such rolling bodies are guided through them with their axis of rotation, and this is not necessary with the stop point according to the invention, the bearing surfaces are designed and inclined to accommodate a higher load such that the non-spherical rolling bearing bodies located therein are inclined with their axis of rotation between 30° and 60°. In order to enable rotational mobility under both axial tensile load and radial tensile load in the same way, a preferred embodiment provides that the longitudinal axes of the rolling bearing bodies enclose an angle of 45 degrees or approximately 45 degrees with the axis of rotation of the upper part.This ensures the rotational mobility of the upper part relative to the lower part, especially under axial tensile loads, and eliminates the risk of torques acting on the upper part's connecting element during such a tensile load being transferred to the lower part's connecting elements, typically designed as threaded bolts, on the object being handled. This improves handling safety.

[0016] Such an inclination of the bearing surfaces and the rotational axes of the rolling bearing bodies is made possible by the provided closure body, which enables assembly in the axial direction, as described above. Another advantage of this inclination is that the opening in the upper part, through which the shaft of the lower part is passed, does not need to be excessively large. In the axial direction, the head section of the lower part projects radially outwards over the opening in the upper part, through which the shaft of the lower part is passed. With such an inclination of the rotational axes of the rolling bearing bodies, such an attachment point can absorb higher, especially axial tensile loads.

[0017] In one embodiment, the shaft section of the lower part has a stop shoulder. This is designed with its stop surface facing away from the head section. The closure body has a complementary counter-stop. With such a design, the mounting position of the closure body on the shaft section is predetermined by these two interacting stops. Given the aforementioned advantages of this stop point with respect to the bearing design, unlike previously known stop points with bearings supported by non-spherical rolling bearing bodies, it is not necessary for the rolling bearing bodies to be arranged without play in the bearing channel.Therefore, it is fundamentally not necessary to position the locking body at different axial positions of the shaft section of the lower part at this stop point depending on the manufacturing tolerances of bearing surfaces and rolling bearing bodies.

[0018] The closure body is typically designed like a disc, with its underside facing the object to be handled, thus forming the stop surface with which the attachment point is clamped to the object to be handled. The advantage of such a disc-like design of the closure body is that the upper side opposite the stop surface, namely the surface of the closure body facing the underside of the upper part, can then be used as an additional bearing or support surface of the upper part relative to the lower part in the event of a transverse load.

[0019] To connect the closure body, particularly if it is designed in the manner of a disc, it preferably has a wall enclosing the shaft section of the lower part. This wall extends in the axial direction from the disc-like base body, preferably in the direction of the head section. The wall section formed onto the disc of the closure body is preferably used to connect the closure body to the lower part. According to one embodiment of a connection of the closure disc to the lower part, it is provided that the inside of this locking wall has a first locking means, while the shaft section enclosed by the locking wall carries the complementary locking means. This locking is designed so that the closure body can be connected in the axial direction to the shaft section of the lower part in a force-fitting manner, for example in a form-fitting manner.According to one embodiment, a circumferential locking groove is incorporated into the inner side of the locking wall. Complementing this, the locking shaft carries a locking bead at a corresponding axial position. When the locking body is mounted on the locking shaft, the locking bead engages in the locking groove. The provision of a thin locking wall integrally formed on the locking body utilizes a certain radial material elasticity to allow the locking bead to be pressed into the locking groove. The locking wall has a chamfer on the upper end of its inner side to facilitate assembly. The locking means described above can also be provided in the reverse position, so that the locking shaft then carries a circumferential locking groove and the locking wall carries the complementary locking bead.It is understood that a multiple arrangement is also possible, in which two or more such complementary locking means can be provided axially adjacent to one another.

[0020] In another embodiment of the connection of the closure body to the lower part, the end of this typically cylindrical wall facing the head section of the lower part is designed as a stop surface which is clamped to the underside of the head section. Typically, this free end surface of this wall acts against the bearing surface provided by the head section. In order to clamp the closure body with the free end of its circumferential, for example cylindrical, wall facing the head section to the underside of the head section, this wall is equipped on the inside with an internal thread complementary to the thread of the threaded shaft of the lower part, which can be referred to as the screw part and which passes through the upper part. The clamping is brought about by screwing the closure body onto the thread of the shaft section.The circumferential wall typically extends beyond an end section of the threaded shaft and, in a preferred embodiment, also beyond the thread runout. By screwing the closure body beyond the thread runout toward the head section, the internal thread of the wall is pressed into the shaft section, so that the closure body is sufficiently torque-locked to the second component of the lower part when the stop head is used as intended.The advantage of such a design of the stop point, even without the closure body being screwed onto the threaded shaft towards the head section via the thread runout, is that transverse forces acting on the stop element of the stop point are transferred to the shaft section via the section of the axial extension of the closure body, including its wall if present, so that this stop point can absorb much higher transverse forces without risk of fracture of its screw part.

[0021] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the angles of inclination of the bearing surfaces of the upper and lower parts are the same. In this case, rolling bearing bodies with a cylindrical outer surface are used. This concept has abandoned the prevailing opinion, due to the inclination of the non-spherical rolling elements, that in such a case, truncated cone-shaped rolling bearing bodies must be used to compensate for the different travel distances during a rotational movement. To align the connecting element of the upper part with the applied tensile direction, pivoting by a maximum of only 180° is necessary. Different rotational movement distances at the end sections of cylindrical rolling bearing bodies therefore do not lead to increased wear. The same applies to the alignment of the upper part relative to the lower part when subjected to an axial tensile load.This departure from the prevailing opinion regarding the use of non-spherical rolling elements arranged at an angle with respect to their axis of rotation is considered to be something special, especially since the use of cylindrical rolling bearing bodies is significantly more cost-effective than the use of tapered rolling bearing bodies.

[0022] In another embodiment, the rolling bearing bodies have a barrel-shaped configuration. The bearing surfaces of the upper and lower parts are then adapted, at least in their central section, to the radius of curvature of these rolling bearing bodies in their longitudinal extension.

[0023] The free rotation of the upper part relative to the lower part of this stop point can be further improved when its connecting element is subjected to a transverse load if the upper part has an additional bearing surface on its lower side facing the closure body and the closure body has a complementary bearing surface. At least when such a transverse load is applied, the upper part is supported on the bearing surface of the closure body via its bearing surface, which then interacts with the bearing surface of the closure body. Even though this bearing can basically be designed as a plain bearing, a preferred embodiment provides for rolling elements to be arranged between the lower bearing surface of the upper part and that of the closure part. These elements can be balls. When subjected to a load, which only occurs when the connecting element of the upper part is subjected to a transverse load, these elements are only subjected to compressive stress.This bearing is unstressed when an axial tensile force is applied to the connecting element. To facilitate the simplest possible installation of the stop point, one embodiment of this bearing provides for a needle bearing to be inserted between the corresponding bearing surface of the upper part and that of the lower part. Such a needle bearing has a number of typically cylindrical bearing bodies enclosed in a bearing body cage. Such a component is easy to handle and install.

[0024] According to one embodiment, the bearing surface of the locking body is defined radially from the outside of the locking wall to the inside. A labyrinth seal is preferably provided on the outside to prevent or minimize the ingress of contaminants into this bearing. This can be achieved, for example, by the upper part having a circumferential annular extension that, in the radial direction, engages over at least a portion of the locking body in the axial direction while loading a small movement gap.

[0025] To prevent the ingress of contamination into the bearing with its rolling bearing bodies inclined with respect to the orientation of their axis of rotation between the upper part and the lower part, and to nevertheless not impair the rotational mobility of the upper part relative to the lower part, according to one embodiment a locking ring is provided by which a gap between the radial outer side of the head section of the lower part and the inner side of the central opening in the upper part is closed. Such a locking ring can be fixed in the intended position by a locking mechanism. If the locking ring is to be connected to the lower part in a torque-locking manner, downwardly projecting locking webs can be formed on the lower part, which engage in recesses made radially on the outside in the head section and designed like grooves with open ends.

[0026] The invention is described below with reference to an exemplary embodiment of the invention and the accompanying figures. They show: Fig.1: An anchor point according to the invention, shown in an exploded view, Fig. 2: the anchor point of the Figure 1 in its assembly, Fig. 3: a longitudinal section through the anchor point of the Figure 2 with enlarged detailed images, Fig. 4: the attachment point of the preceding figures, connected to a schematically shown, handled object, to represent different tensile loads acting on its connecting element and Fig. 5: a partially sectioned perspective view of another anchor point according to the invention.

[0027] An attachment point 1 comprises an upper part 2 and a lower part 3. The upper part 2 has an eyelet 4 as a connecting element for connecting a lifting, lifting, or lashing device. The eyelet 4 is formed onto a ring-shaped base body 5. The ring-shaped base body 5 encloses a lower part receptacle 6 designed as an opening. The wall forming the inside of the base body 5 and enclosing the lower part receptacle 6 comprises an upper cylindrical wall section 7 and an adjoining bearing surface 8. The bearing surface 8 is conically tapered in the direction away from the eyelet 4. The conical taper is straight in the illustrated embodiment.

[0028] The lower part 3 has a head section 9, a shaft section 10 and a threaded bolt 11. The threaded bolt 11 represents the connection means for the anchor point 1 for connecting the anchor point 1 to an object to be handled.

[0029] The head section 9 has a bearing surface 12 on its underside, thus pointing towards its threaded bolt 11. This bearing surface is tapered at the same angle and in the same direction as the bearing surface 8 of the upper part 2. The bearing surface 12 is provided by a lateral surface section of the head section 9, which projects radially relative to the shaft section 10. A hexagonal rotary driving contour 14 is incorporated into the upper end face 13 of the lower part 3, which is essentially designed as a screw bolt. Several rotary driving recesses 16, arranged at equal angular spacing from one another, are incorporated into the outer side 15 of the head section 9, which faces in the radial direction. These recesses are designed as grooves open at the ends in the axial direction. The shaft section 10 carries a circumferential locking bead 17.

[0030] Cylindrical roller bearing bodies 18, which are arranged and guided in a bearing body cage 19, serve to support the rotational mobility of the upper part 2 relative to the lower part 3. For this purpose, the bearing body cage 19 has a number of roller bearing receptacles 20 corresponding to the number of roller bearing bodies 18. The bearing body cage 19 has a positioning ring 21 on its upper side, the radial outer side 22 of which is supported on the wall section 7 of the upper part 2. A lower positioning ring 23 is shaped with respect to its outer contour in order to fit into the transition of the bearing surface 8 into a radially inwardly directed projection 24 (see Figure 3 ) to intervene.

[0031] Part of the lower part 3 is a closure body 25 designed in the manner of a disk, which is positively connected to the shaft section 10 of the lower part 3 in the axial direction. For this purpose, the closure body 25 has a circumferential locking wall 26, on the inner side of which facing the shaft section 10, a locking groove 27 is introduced in a complementary position to the locking bead 17. The locking wall 26 extends from the disk-shaped base body of the closure body 25 in the axial direction towards the head section 9 of the lower part 3. The outer side 28 of the locking wall 26, which faces outwards in the radial direction, delimits a bearing surface 29 on the inside. A needle bearing 30 is positioned on this bearing surface. The needle bearing 30 is shown only schematically and in an actual embodiment has more than just the four rolling elements 31 shown. The rolling elements 31 are held in a cage 32.The needle bearing 30 is generally easy to handle and install. The underside of the upper part 2 has a bearing surface facing the closure body 25, which then represents the bearing surface complementary to the bearing surface 29. For this purpose, refer to . Figure 3 in which this underside bearing surface of the upper part is identified by the reference number 33.

[0032] A locking ring 34 serves to close an annular gap between the outer side 15 of the head section 9 of the lower part 3 and the cylindrical wall section 7 of the upper part 2. For the purpose of its assembly, locking webs 35 arranged in pairs with one another are formed on the underside of the locking ring 34, the locking heads of which point away from one another.

[0033] The locking webs 35 of a locking web pair each extend through a rotary drive recess 16 in the axial direction, with their locking heads engaging behind such a rotary drive recess 16 for locking the locking ring 34 to the head section 9 of the lower part 3. As a result, the locking ring 34 is connected to the lower part 3 in a torque-locking manner. The locking ring 34 bears identification arrows on its upper side, which indicate the position of the rotary drive recesses 16 to a user.

[0034] The rotary drive recesses 16 of the lower part 3 serve the purpose of allowing the anchor point 1 to be connected, by means of its upper part 2, to a handled object by hand without the need for tools. To achieve such a rotary drive for connecting the anchor point 1 to a handled object or for detaching it from it, the upper part 2 is equipped with two independently operable coupling means 36 in the region of its annular base body 5. Each coupling means 36 comprises a coupling pin 37, a compression spring 38 as a return element, and an actuating cap 39, the end face of which, upon actuation of a coupling means 36, acts against the force of the compression spring 38 to engage the tip of the coupling pin 37 in a rotary drive recess 16. The return of an actuated coupling means 36 is thus effected by the compression spring 38.The coupling pins 37 are each guided in a radially aligned guide bore 40 of the upper part 2. The actuating cap 39 is located in a recessed grip 41, which in the illustrated embodiment is designed as a funnel-shaped enlargement of the actual guide bores 40. Such a recessed grip 41 is useful so that no actuating element protrudes beyond the outer surface of the base body 5 of the lower part 3.

[0035] The anchor point 1 is in Figure 2 shown in its assembly and illustrates its compact design.

[0036] The bearing of the upper part 2, which is rotatable relative to the lower part 3, is shown in the sectional view of the Figure 3 as an assembly of the Figure 1described individual elements can be seen. Details are highlighted in the form of enlarged detailed illustrations. Detailed illustration A shows the cylindrical rolling bearing bodies 18 arranged in their bearing body cage 19 between the two positioning rings 21, 23. These are supported on the one hand on the bearing surface 12 as part of the head section 9 of the lower part 3. The complementary bearing surface of the upper part 2 is formed by the bearing surface 8. Both bearing surfaces 8, 12 are inclined at 45 degrees relative to the axis of rotation of the upper part 2 relative to the lower part 3. This bearing of the upper part 2 relative to the lower part 3 allows a particularly high power transmission due to the use of non-spherical rolling elements, specifically through the use of cylindrical rolling bearing bodies 18 in the illustrated embodiment.Due to the described inclination of the bearing surfaces 8, 12 and the longitudinal axis of the rolling bearing elements 18 aligned parallel to them, the upper part 2 can rotate relative to the lower part 3 under both axial and radial tensile stress. Should this bearing exhibit play or develop play due to wear, this is irrelevant for the intended use of the stop point 1. Finally, the rolling bearing elements 18 are held and guided in the rolling element cage 19, so their alignment is maintained even when bearing play is present.

[0037] The needle bearing 30 inserted between the bearing surface 29 of the locking body 25 and the bearing surface 33 of the upper part 2 serves to rotatably support the upper part 2 relative to the locking body 25 as part of the lower part 3, especially when transverse loads act on the connecting element of the upper part 2. Tilting of the upper part 2 relative to the lower part 3, which is possible when the connecting element of the attachment point 1 is subjected to a transverse load and there is play in the bearing, is effectively absorbed in this way, thus ensuring permanent rotational mobility of the upper part 2 relative to the lower part 3 even under such loads. The base body 15 of the lower part 3 carries a downwardly projecting annular extension 42. This is illustrated in the enlarged detail B.This annular extension 42 surrounds the upper portion of the disc-like closure body 25 radially on the outside and forms a labyrinth seal 43 with this outer side, leaving a movement gap. This prevents contaminants from penetrating the needle bearing 30 or the bearing provided by the roller bearing bodies 18. For this purpose, a portion of the closure body 25 engages beneath the lower end of the annular extension 42.

[0038] The positive connection acting in the axial direction between the closure body 25 and the shaft section 10 of the lower part 3 is shown in the detailed illustration C. The locking bead 27 formed on the outside of the shaft section 10 engages into the locking groove 27 of the locking wall 26. The shaft section 10 forms a stop shoulder 44 at the transition to its threaded bolt 11. This is engaged under by a stop extension 45 of the closure body 25. This defines the assembly position in the axial direction of the closure body 25 on the shaft section 10 of the lower part 3. At the same time, the runout of the thread of the threaded bolt 11 in the direction of the stop shoulder 44 is protected against transverse load stress and the associated notch effect. In the axial direction, the underside of the closure body 25 is spaced from the stop shoulder 44 at which the thread of the threaded bolt 11 ends.

[0039] The sectional view of the Figure 3 of the stop point 1 illustrates that the underside of the closure body 25 forms a stop surface 46 with which the stop point 1 is clamped to the surface of an object to be handled.

[0040] To connect the anchor point 1 to an object to be handled 47 - in Figure 4This is shown schematically as a cuboid - if only manual tightening is required, this is brought about by actuating one of the two or both coupling means 36 so that the tip of at least one coupling bolt 37 engages in a rotary drive recess 16 in the lower part 3, whereby the upper part 2 is torque-locked to the lower part 3, and then rotating the upper part 2. If the stop point 1 is connected to the object 47 to be handled, the coupling bolt 37 springs back to its original position when the actuating cap 39 is released as a result of the energy stored in the return spring 38 designed as a helical compression spring, so that the upper part 2 can then again rotate freely relative to the lower part 3.If clamping with higher forces is desired, the rotary driving contour 14 introduced into the upper end face 13 of the head section 9 can be used and the lower part 3 can be clamped to the object 47 to be handled by means of a tool.

[0041] Figure 4 shows different tensile load positions that can act on the upper part 2 or its connecting element 4, whereby the upper part 2 can still be rotated relative to the lower part 3. In the Figure 4 In the positions shown, the eyelet 4 is already aligned in the respective pulling direction. However, if the eyelet 4 has a different spatial position before a pulling force is applied, it will automatically align itself to the position shown in Figure 4shown orientation. With this attachment point, loading of the connecting element of the upper part 2 is also possible in transverse directions that are inclined by more than 90 degrees with respect to an adjacent axial tensile direction. The needle bearing 30 inserted between the upper part 2 and the closure body 25 of the lower part 3 ensures that the upper part 2 can rotate freely relative to the lower part 3 under such tensile stresses. Due to the described mounting of the upper part 2 relative to the lower part 3, the rotational mobility is retained even when the object 47 is lifted. This is particularly desirable when an object to be handled is to be transferred from a first lifting device to a second, which regularly leads to the upper part 2 pivoting relative to the lower part 3.Due to the described rotational mobility of the upper part 2 relative to the lower part 3, this does not impair the clamping of the lower part 3 with the object 47 to be handled.

[0042] Figure 5 shows another anchor point 1.1 according to the invention. The above statements regarding anchor point 1 apply equally to anchor point 1.1, unless otherwise stated in the following statements. Identical components of anchor point 1.1 are identified by the same reference numerals as for anchor point 1, but with the suffix ".1".

[0043] At the anchor point 1.1, its lower part 3.1, also referred to as the screw part, is provided as part of the functional unit "lower part" by a standard screw. Its head section 9.1 has a conical surface inclined at a 45-degree angle toward the shaft section 10.1, which represents the bearing surface 12.1 on the underside of the head section 9.1. The shaft section 10.1 has an external thread 48, which ends axially just before the bearing surface 12.1. The locking body 25.1 has a complementary internal thread 49 on its inner side, which encloses the shaft section 10.1. This allows the locking body 25.1 to be screwed onto the thread 48 of the shaft 10.1. The closure body 25.1 also has the annular circumferential wall 50 formed on the disc-like base body. The internal thread 49 also extends into this wall 50. The axial extent of the wall 50 is designed such that the direction of the head section 9.1 facing end face forms a stop surface that acts against the bearing surface 12.1. Thus, the closure body 25.1 is clamped to the bearing surface 12.1 by means of the stop surface provided by the upper end of the wall 50. Additional security against loosening of the closure body 25.1 can be achieved by screwing the closure body 25.1 onto the threads of the external thread 48 that end just before the bearing surface 12.1. In this respect, the closure body 25.1 is screwed further onto the external thread 48 of the shaft 10.1 than is possible with its own thread. This represents a special security against unintentional loosening. In . Figure 5The thread runout of the external thread 48 of the shaft section 10.1 is identified by the reference numeral 48.1. This figure clearly shows that the wall 50, with its internal thread 49, is screwed onto the external thread 48 of the shaft section 10.1 beyond the thread runout 48.1.

[0044] In principle, however, it is considered sufficient if the closure body 25.1 is clamped against the bearing surface 12.1 with its free end face provided by the wall. A design is also possible in which the wall is not supported on the bearing surface 12.1 of the lower part 3.1, and the position of the closure body 25.1 on the external thread 48 of the shaft 10.1 is fixed by adhesive applied to the threads.

[0045] In the partially sectioned representation of the stop point 1.1, the bearing designed as a needle bearing 30.1 between the underside of the upper part 2.1 and the upper side of the closure body 25.1 is clearly visible in this embodiment as well.

[0046] In this embodiment, the cylindrical rolling bearing bodies 18.1 are also located in a rolling element cage 19. 1 . In this embodiment, the rolling element cage is 19. 1It is designed in the manner of a snap ring and sits in a circumferential groove 51 formed in the upper part 2.1. This groove 51 has a rectangular cross-sectional area. By appropriately designing the upper end of the rolling element cage 19.1 facing the upper part 2.1, the latter can simultaneously provide the gap between the radial outer side of the head section 9.1 of the lower part 3.1 and the inner side of the upper part 2.1, through which the central opening in the upper part 3.1 is enclosed.

[0047] An advantage of the anchor point 1.1 is that the screw-type lower part 3.1, which together with the locking body 25.1 forms the functional unit "lower part," is realized with a standard screw, which reduces the manufacturing costs of the anchor point 1.1. Furthermore, the locking body 25.1 can be detached from the lower part 3.1, especially multiple times.

[0048] The anchor point 1.1 can also be connected to coupling means, such as those used in the embodiment of the Figures 1 to 4 described above, to ensure rotational engagement of the upper part 2.1 with the lower part 3.1. It is then only necessary to create rotational engagement recesses at appropriate locations in the radially outer surface of the head section 9.1.

[0049] If the ability of the anchor point to rotate its upper part relative to the lower part is less important than the ability to absorb high transverse forces, the Figure 5 The stop point described can also be designed without a roller bearing body between the two bearing surfaces of the head section and the upper part, which are inclined in the same direction and at the same angle. With such a design, it is also advisable to use the Figure 5Needle bearings are not necessarily used. The bearing of the upper part relative to the lower part is then carried out via the contacting bearing surfaces as a plain bearing. The particularly high transverse force absorption of such a stop point is determined by the fact that the closure body with its circumferential wall extends over a threaded section of the lower part designed as a screw part, typically, as in the embodiment of the Figure 5As described above, across the thread runout, and the transition from the cylindrical shaft section into the inclined bearing surface of the head section. Since the inclination of this bearing surface is at an angle of 45° relative to the longitudinal axis of the screw part, the angle between the bearing surface and the outer surface of the shaft section is 135°. These measures – individually or in combination – reduce the notch effect to a minimum, especially when transverse loads act on the connecting element, compared to the attachment points of the state of the art discussed above.

[0050] The invention has been described using exemplary embodiments. Without departing from the scope of the applicable claims, numerous further possible embodiments will become apparent to a person skilled in the art without the need to explain them in detail within the scope of these statements. List of reference symbols 1, 1.1 Anchor point 31 Rolling elements 2, 2.1 Top 32 cage 3, 3.1 lower part 33 Storage space 4 Eyelet arch 34 Locking ring 5 Basic body 35 Rest bridge 6 Lower part recording 36 coupling agent 7 Wall section 37 coupling bolt 8 Storage space 38 compression spring 9 Head section 39 Actuating cap 10, 10.1 Shaft section 40 Guide hole 11 threaded bolt 41 recessed grip 12, 12.1 Storage space 42 Ring process 13 front side 43 Labyrinth seal 14 Rotary driving contour 44 Stop heel 15 outside 45 Stop process 16 Rotary drive recess 46 Stop surface 17 locking bead 47 object to be handled 18, 18.1 Rolling bearing body 48 external thread 19, 19.1 Bearing body cage 48.1 Thread runout 20 Rolling element holder 49 internal thread 21 Positioning ring 50 Wall 22 outside 51 Nut 23 Positioning ring 24 projection 25 Closure body 26 Locking wall 27 Locking groove 28 outside 29 Storage space 30, 30.1 Needle bearing

Claims

1. An anchor point with a lower part (3, 3.1) having a connecting means for connecting the anchor point (1, 1.1) to an object (47) to be handled therewith, and with an upper part (2, 2.1) which is rotatable relative to the lower part (3, 3.1) and connected thereto and has a connecting element (4) for connecting a lifting, anchoring or lashing means, wherein for the rotatable mounting of the upper part (2) relative to the lower part (3, 3.1), the upper part (2, 2.1) has an upper bearing surface (12, 12.1) tapering conically in the axial direction, the lower part (3, 3.1) has a lower bearing surface (8) tapering conically in the same direction, and wherein between the two bearing surfaces (8, 12; 8.1, 12.1) rolling bearing bodies (18) are arranged, which have a shape defined by a rotation axis and a rotationally symmetrical lateral surface about the rotation axis, the axes of rotation of which are aligned in the direction of the conical taper of the bearing surfaces (8, 12; 8.1, 12.1), characterized in that the rolling bearing bodies (18, 18.1) with their axes of rotation enclose an angle of 30° or more and not more than 60° with respect to the axis of rotation of the upper part (2, 2.1), the lower part (3, 3.1) has a head section (9, 9.1) and a shaft section (10, 10.1) formed thereon and designed with a small diameter compared to the head section (9, 9.1), wherein the bearing surface (12, 12.1) of the lower part (3, 3.1) is provided by a lateral surface section of the head section (9, 9.1), which lower part (3, 3.1) passes through the upper part (2, 2.1), and in that, for holding together of the lower part (3, 3.1) and the upper part (2, 2.1), a closure body (25, 25.1) is provided which is connected to the shaft section (10, 10.1) of the lower part (3, 3.1) and which engages under the upper part (2, 2.1) in the radial direction at least in sections.

2. The anchor point according to claim 1, characterized in that the closure body (25, 25.1) is designed in the manner of a disc, the surface of which facing away from the lower part (3, 3.1) forms an anchoring surface (46) for bracing the anchor point (1, 1.1) to the object to be handled (47).

3. The anchor point according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the shaft section (10) of the lower part (3) has an anchor shoulder (44) pointing away from its head section (9) and the closure body (25) has a counter-anchor (45) designed complementarily thereto.

4. The anchor point according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that part of the closure body (25, 25.1) is a wall (26, 50) which encloses the shaft section (10, 10.1) of the lower part (3, 3.1), extends in the axial direction of the lower part (3, 3.1), does not engage under the upper part (2, 2.1), and is equipped with means for connecting the closure body (25, 25.1) to the shaft section (10, 10.1) of the lower part (3, 3.1).

5. The anchor point according to claim 4, characterized in that the wall formed on the closure body (25) is designed as a locking wall (26) with an inner side facing the shaft section (10) and an outer side facing in the opposite direction, and in that either the locking wall (26) on its inner side or the shaft section (10) of the lower part (3) enclosed by the locking wall has a locking groove (27) introduced therein and, complementarily thereto, the shaft section (10) enclosed by the locking wall (26) or the locking wall (26) has on its inner side at a complementary location a locking bead (17) engaging in the locking groove (27).

6. The anchor point according to claim 4, characterized in that the end face of the wall (50) facing the head section (9.1) of the lower part (3.1) is designed as a stop which acts against the bearing surface (2.1) of the lower part (3.1).

7. The anchor point according to claim 4 or 6, characterized in that the shaft section (10.1) is designed as a threaded shaft section with an external thread (48) and the closure body (25.1) is equipped with a complementary internal thread (49) on its inner side enclosing the shaft section (10.1).

8. The anchor point according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the rolling bearing bodies (18, 18.1) enclose an angle of 45° or approximately 45°.

9. The anchor point according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the rolling bearing bodies (18, 18.1) are arranged and guided in a bearing body cage (19, 19.1).

10. The anchor point according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the angle of inclination of the two bearing surfaces (8, 12; 8.1, 12.1) is the same and the rolling bearing bodies (18, 18.1) have a cylindrical lateral surface.

11. The anchor point according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the upper part (2, 2.1) has a further bearing surface (33) on its underside facing the closure body (25, 25.1) and the closure body (25, 25.1) has a bearing surface (29) cooperating with the further bearing surface (33) on its side facing the upper part (2, 2.1), so that at least when the connecting element (4) of the upper part (2, 2.1) is subjected to a transverse load, the latter is supported with its lower bearing surface (33) on that of the closure body (25, 25.1).

12. The anchor point according to claim 11 in its reference to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the bearing surface (29) of the closure body (25, 25.1) is limited in the radial direction on the inside by the outside of the wall (26, 50).

13. The anchor point according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that rolling elements (31) are arranged between the underside bearing surface (33) of the upper part (2, 2.1) and that of the closure body (25, 25.1).

14. The anchor point according to claim 13, characterized in that the rolling body bearing is formed by a needle bearing (30, 30.1).

15. The anchor point according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the upper part (2) has an annular extension (34) which surrounds the closure body (25) radially on the outside in the axial direction over at least a portion and which forms a labyrinth seal (43) with the closure body (25).

16. The anchor point according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the connecting means for connecting the anchor point (1) to an object (47) to be handled thereby is a threaded bolt (11).