Arrangement with a wall, a movable wing and a concealed hinge

Abstract

The invention relates to an arrangement comprising a wall (1), a sash (2), and a concealed five- or six-axis hinge (3, 12, 18, 24, 25), wherein the hinge (3, 12, 18, 24, 25) has a wall-side hinge housing (4, 14), a sash-side hinge housing (5, 15), a wall-side main lever (7), and a sash-side main lever (8). When the sash (2) is closed, the pivot axis (6) of the two main levers (7, 8) is positioned close to each other near the wall-closing side of the hinge (3, 12), and the translationally displaceable lever end (9, 13) of at least one of the two main levers (7, 8) is located near the sash-side or wall-closing side of the respective hinge housing (4, 14; 5, 15).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an arrangement comprising a wall with an opening, a wing for selectively closing the opening, and a hinge, wherein the hinge connects the wall and the wing and guides the selective movement of the wing relative to the wall.

[0002] The opening in the wall is typically a door or window opening, and the corresponding wing is a door leaf or window sash. The term "wall" in this document includes not only walls of buildings, but also walls of cabinets. The term "sash" can therefore also refer to the flat part of a cabinet door, which serves to optionally close an opening in a cabinet. In this context, the "concealed" hinge means that the hinge is essentially invisible when the sash is closed, since those parts of the hinge that are not already recessed into the sash or wall are either concealed by a front surface of the sash facing the wall, or by a surface of the wall facing the said front surface of the sash.

[0003] Hinges of this type are designed to guide the opening movement of the sash relative to the wall in a combination of rotational and translational relative movement so that the sash can be opened up to 180° without colliding with any part of the wall.

[0004] Five-axis hinges for concealed installation - which served as the basis for the present invention - are known to each have two main levers, one of which can be referred to as the wall-side main lever and the other as the sash-side main lever, with both main levers having a wall-side and a sash-side lever end. The wall-side main lever is mounted so that it can be moved exclusively rotatably relative to the wall, and the sash-side main lever is mounted so that it can be moved exclusively rotatably relative to the sash, with its sash-side lever end. The sash-side lever end of the wall-side main lever is mounted so that it can be rotated relative to the sash and translated along a guide track. The wall-side lever end of the sash-side main lever is mounted so that it can be rotated relative to the wall and translated along another guide track.In addition, the two main levers are held together so that they can rotate exclusively, with the relevant pivot axis being located between the wall-side and wing-side ends of the two main levers.

[0005] In a six-axis hinge—which may also be within the scope of the inventive concept—in contrast to a five-axis hinge, one of the two guide tracks is replaced by a pivoting auxiliary lever, which is mounted exclusively pivotably at one end of the lever on a hinge housing and is connected exclusively pivotably to the translationally displaceable lever end of one of the two main levers at the other end. (In a seven-axis hinge, in contrast to a five-axis hinge, both guide tracks are replaced by a pivoting auxiliary lever.)

[0006] Regardless of whether it is a five- or six-axis hinge, all associated pivot axes are always parallel to each other, and all said translational directions of movement lie in planes to which the pivot axes are normal.

[0007] Concealed hinges generally have a wall-side hinge housing, which is rigidly mounted in a recess on a wall surface perpendicular to the wall plane, and a sash-side hinge housing, which is rigidly mounted in a recess on a sash surface perpendicular to the sash plane. The distance between said recess on the wall or sash and the nearest outer surface of the wall or sash that is parallel to the wall or sash plane is referred to as the "coverage."

[0008] The greater the overlap, the more robustly the hinge housings are held in the wall or sash, and the lower the risk of visual irregularities caused by the hinge housings on the visible surfaces of the wall or sash. If a hinge allows for a high overlap, it also becomes very easy to provide the wall and / or sash with additional paneling. While the hinge design remains the same, with increasing overlap, it becomes more difficult to guide the sash's movement path relative to the wall in such a way that there are no collisions between the two, without the outer edges on the wall or door having to be rounded off, and without the construction still being robust.

[0009] For further description, the following terms are defined with regard to locations and directions: Especially with building doors – not with furniture doors – a door opening in a wall is always enclosed by a frame, i.e., a door frame immovably connected to the wall. This frame is generally not specifically mentioned in the following text; instead, it is simply implied by the term "wall." The "wall opening side" of a structure is the side area of the structure that is offset from the center area of the structure in the direction normal to the wall plane, in which the sash pivots out of the wall during its opening movement. The side of the structure opposite the wall opening side is the "wall closing side." The "sash opening side" of a structure is the side area of the structure that is offset from the center area of the structure in the direction normal to the sash plane, in which the sash pivots during its opening movement.The side of the structure opposite the sash opening side is the "sash closing side." The "sash hinge surface" is the end surface of the sash perpendicular to the plane of the sash, which is provided with an opening to accommodate the sash-side hinge housing. The "reveal surface" is the boundary surface of the opening in the wall perpendicular to the wall plane, which is provided with an opening to accommodate the wall-side hinge housing. The "sash direction" is the direction parallel to the plane of the sash, which points from the sash hinge surface into the sash, perpendicular to the sash's hinge surface. The "wall direction" is the direction parallel to the plane of the wall, which points perpendicular to the reveal surface into the wall, i.e., away from the opening.The term "pivot axis" refers to an infinitely thin straight line, which is an axis around which one body is pivotally movable relative to another.

[0010] EP 1 577 474 A2 shows in the drawings Fig. 2.2 to Fig. 2.6 a five-axis hinge which is to be installed concealed in hollow profiles and has no pot-like housing parts. During the opening movement of the sash, the translationally movable lever end of the sash-side main lever in the wall-side hinge part is moved away from the wall closing side towards the wall opening side and at the same time against the wall direction. Analogously, the translationally movable lever end of the wall-side main lever in the sash-side hinge part is moved away from the sash closing side towards the sash opening side and at the same time against the sash direction. When the sash is fully open, the pivot axis of the wall-side lever end of the sash-side main lever in the wall-side hinge part is closer to the reveal surface than the pivot axis of the wall-side lever end of the wall-side main lever.Similarly, when the sash is fully open, the pivot axis of the sash-side lever end of the wall-side main lever in the sash-side hinge part is closer to the hinge surface of the sash than the pivot axis of the sash-side lever end of the sash-side main lever. In relation to the dimensions of the hinge housing in the direction normal to the wall plane or sash plane, a relatively large translational displacement of the door sash away from the opening in the wall can be achieved during the opening pivoting movement of the door sash, which is important for a high level of overlap. To ensure that there are no collisions between the sash and the wall at the edge between the visible surface of the wall and the reveal surface when the sash is opened and closed, one guide track is curved into an S shape. Unfortunately, this leads to difficult tribological conditions and thus severe wear and a short service life of the hinge.In addition, the robustness and weight-bearing capacity of the hinge are limited by the fact that, for reasons of space, the diameters of the axle bolts of the main levers must be relatively small and the main levers must be very slim.

[0011] EP 1 754 848 A2 shows a hinge which, although it also has five axes, operates according to a different principle than previously discussed. It has a lever, one end of which is mounted exclusively for pivoting on the sash, and the other end of which is mounted exclusively for pivoting on the wall. A second lever is held at one end on the sash side so that it can pivot and move translationally, and the other end is held at the wall side so that it can pivot and move translationally. In addition, the two levers are held pivotally relative to one another approximately at their longitudinal center. The hinge achieves good robustness, but not a small space requirement in the direction normal to the wall or sash plane. Furthermore, it is necessary to design sliding grooves for the translational guidance of lever ends in an S-shape - which increases the susceptibility to tribological problems.FR 1 487 604 A also discloses an example of an arrangement with a wall, a wing and a hinge.

[0012] The object underlying the invention is to provide an arrangement with a concealed hinge which is improved compared to the prior art hinges discussed in that it can have pot-shaped housing parts and is more robust and can bear a higher weight with a comparably easily achievable overlap and with comparable installation dimensions.

[0013] To solve this problem, a hinge assembly is provided, which includes a wall-side hinge housing, a leaf-side hinge housing, a wall-side main lever, and a leaf-side main lever. Furthermore, the hinge has the following features: The pivot axis of the wall-side main lever relative to the wall lies in the wall-side hinge housing, close to the opening surface and the wall-opening side of the housing wall. The pivot axis of the sash-side main lever relative to the sash lies in the sash-side hinge housing, close to the opening surface and the sash-opening side of the housing wall. During the opening movement of the sash, the pivot axis of the sash-side lever end of the wall-side main lever and the pivot axis of the wall-side lever end of the sash-side main lever are each translated closer to the opening surface of the respective hinge housing.Both main levers are curved in the longitudinal region extending between the respective pivot axis anchored non-movably to a hinge housing and the pivot axis with the second main lever, with the concave side of the curve facing the opening side of the respective hinge housing. (A kink is to be interpreted as an extreme case of a curvature in the sense of this text.) All four pivot axes with which the two main levers are mounted on the two hinge housing parts extend continuously from the upper housing surface to the lower housing surface. (In the prior art, there are also hinges where this is not the case; however, such hinges are so weak that they are not suitable for hinges with which the object of the invention is to be achieved.) Furthermore, it is provided that the two main levers are designed and arranged in such a way that, when the wing is closed, the pivot axis of the two main levers is positioned no further away from one another from the wall closing side of the hinge than the diameter of one of the bearing bolts on which a main lever is mounted exclusively pivotably on a housing, and that the translationally displaceable lever end of at least one of the two main levers is located in the vicinity of the wing or wall closing side of the respective hinge housing in such a way that a straight connecting line between the pivot axis of the two main levers and the bearing axis on this translationally displaceable lever end is not inclined by more than 5 degrees relative to the wall direction.According to the invention, the translationally displaceable lever end of one of the two main levers is pivotally connected to an additional lever, the second lever end of which is connected to one of the hinge housings, wherein the pivot bearing on the hinge housing is located directly on its wall opening side or sash opening side and, when the sash is closed, the pivot bearing between the main lever and additional lever is located directly on the wall closing side or sash closing side of the hinge housing and the straight connecting line between the pivot axes located at the two ends of the additional lever is aligned normal to the plane of the wall.

[0014] By combining these measures, it is possible to use stronger pivot bolts compared to the discussed state of the art with the same installation dimensions and the same overlap, and to eliminate the need for an S-shaped curve in the guide track. This significantly increases robustness, weight-bearing capacity, and durability. Compared to conventional hinges, which are comparable in terms of external dimensions, robustness, and weight-bearing capacity, the permissible overlap is increased by several millimeters.

[0015] Preferably, the translationally displaceable lever end of at least one of the two main levers is located in the vicinity of the wing or wall closing side of the respective hinge housing in such a way that a straight connecting line between the pivot axis of the two main levers to each other and the bearing axis at this translationally displaceable lever end is not inclined by more than 3 degrees relative to the wall direction.

[0016] Preferably, when the sash is fully opened, the translational movement of a lever end of a main lever in the hinge housing in which this lever end is slidably held leads further out of this hinge housing than the bearing of the lever end of the second main lever, which is held exclusively pivotably in this hinge housing. Preferably, the pivot axis on which the two main levers are mounted to one another is positioned such that, when the sash is closed, it is not located in the area of the opening surfaces of the hinge housings, but instead is clearly offset into the interior of one of the two hinge housings. As a result, the depth of the other hinge housing - i.e. its dimension in the direction of the wall or sash - can be designed to be relatively small.If the hinge housing on the wing side is selected as the housing in which the pivot axis is located when the wing is closed, the depth of the wall-side hinge housing can be dimensioned so small in the direction of the wall that the wall opening required for installing the frame is also sufficient for installing the hinge, and thus no additional recesses for the hinge are required. This significantly reduces the effort required for installing the hinge. The pivot axis cannot be moved arbitrarily far into one hinge housing, as this would reduce the possible overlap of the hinge too much in extreme cases.

[0017] The invention is explained in more detail with the aid of drawings: Fig. 1 : shows a sectional view of a first arrangement, not within the scope of the present claims, consisting of a wall with an opening, a wing, and a hinge according to the invention. The viewing direction is parallel to the hinge axes. Solid lines show the situation with the wing closed; dashed lines also indicate the situation with the wing opened 180°. Fig. 2 : shows in similar sectional view as Fig. 1 the arrangement of Fig. 1 at three different opening angles of the sash including dimensions for the respective distance between wall and sash. Fig. 3 : shows in the same way as Fig. 1 a second arrangement, not falling within the scope of the present claims, comprising a wall with an opening, a wing and a second hinge according to the invention. Fig. 4 : shows in similar sectional view as Fig. 1 the arrangement of Fig. 3 for two different opening angles of the sash including dimensions for the respective distance between wall and sash. Fig. 5 : shows a sectional view of an arrangement according to the invention which, compared to that of Fig. 1 has been changed in that one of the slide tracks has been replaced by an additional lever. Fig. 6 : shows in parallel perspective view the two main levers and the additional lever of the hinge according to Fig. 5 . Fig. 7 : shows in the same way as Fig. 1 a fourth arrangement not within the scope of the present patent. Fig. 8 : shows in the same way as Fig. 1 a fifth arrangement not within the scope of the present patent. Fig. 9 : is a sketch illustrating considerations for the positioning of pivot axes of a hinge according to the invention.

[0018] It should be noted that the exemplary assignments of wall and wing to the parts of the respective hinge are also possible in reverse in accordance with the principle of kinematic reversal and within the scope of the inventive concept.

[0019] According to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 An arrangement not according to the invention has a wall 1 with an opening which can be selectively closed by a wing 2, wherein the wing 2 is movably connected to the wall 1 via a five-axis hinge 3.

[0020] In this case, the hinge 3 is constructed asymmetrically in the sense that its parts attributable to the wall 1 are shaped and dimensioned differently than its parts attributable to the sash 2. The hinge 3 has a wall-side, cup-shaped hinge housing 4 and a sash-side, cup-shaped hinge housing 5. To connect the hinge 3 to the wall 1, the wall-side hinge housing 4 is inserted into an opening in the reveal surface of the wall and anchored there. To connect the hinge 3 to the sash 2, the sash-side hinge housing 5 is inserted into an opening in the hinge surface of the sash 2 and anchored there.

[0021] At the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 In the arrangement shown, the wall-side hinge housing 4 is relatively shallow, and the sash-side hinge housing 5 is relatively deep. This is advantageous over a symmetrical design, since it is often complex to provide a deep opening on the reveal surface, whereas it is hardly complex to provide a deep opening on the hinge surface of the sash.

[0022] Certain features are to be found in the construction according to Fig. 1 briefly repeated: a) When the sash 2 is closed, the pivot axis 6 – the axis around which the wall-side main lever 7 and the sash-side main lever 8 are pivotally mounted relative to one another – is located so close to the wall-closing side of the hinge 3 that the distance between this pivot axis 6 and the wall-closing side of the hinge is less than the diameter of one of the hinge pins on which a lever end of one of the two main levers 7, 8 is mounted exclusively pivotably about a pivot axis 16 or 11, respectively. b) When the sash 2 is closed, the translationally displaceable lever end 9 of at least one of the two main levers 7, 8 – in this case, the sash-side main lever 8 – is located directly on the sash or wall-closing side of the respective hinge housing – in this case, on the wall-closing side of the wall-side hinge housing 4.The direct straight connecting line between the pivot axis 6 and the axis at the lever end 9 is thus inclined by less than 5° relative to the wall plane; in this specific case, it is almost completely parallel to the wall plane.

[0023] Variations of construction methods have shown that if feature b is not met and, under otherwise comparable conditions, the maximum angle of 5° described in the previous paragraph is exceeded, the distance between wall 1 and sash 2 decreases sharply during the first part of the sash opening movement. For example, if the construction method according to Fig. 7 the said angle is 9°, the distance between the sash and the wall is about half at an opening angle of 30°.

[0024] Ideally, the straight connecting line between the pivot axis 6 and the translationally movable lever end 9 is parallel to the wall when the leaf 2 is closed. Since the hinge should be adjustable in position, parallelism cannot always be achieved. Good results are achieved when the angular deviation from the parallel line does not exceed 3 degrees.

[0025] When wing 2 is closed, the construction according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 the two main levers 7, 8 from the common pivot axis 6 parallel to the wall direction.

[0026] The pivot axis 6 is shifted so far from the area between the two hinge housings in the direction of the leaf-side hinge housing 5 that the installation depth (dimension in the direction of the wall) of the wall-side hinge housing 4 can be made so small that no separate recess in the wall or in the stiffening profile of the frame is required for the hinge installation on a frame in a standard clear opening in a wall.

[0027] Since the translationally displaceable lever end 9 of the leaf-side main lever 8 is located entirely on the wall-closing side of the wall-side hinge housing 4 when the leaf 2 is closed, this lever end 9 can execute a very large movement in the wall-opening direction along the guide track 10 during the opening movement of the leaf 2. This makes it possible for the leaf 2 to be moved translationally strongly in the wall-opening direction during its opening movement, which is important for designs with a high overlap. The advantageous effect of a guide track 10 extending far in the wall-opening direction is demonstrated by the design according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 further reinforced by the fact that this guide track 10, along which the wall-side lever end 9 of the wing-side main lever 8 is guided during the opening movement of the wing 2, extends so far in the wall opening direction that its end in the wall opening direction is positioned approximately the same as the pivot axis 16 of the wall-side main lever 7.

[0028] A special advantageous feature of the hinge 3 according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is the asymmetrical design. According to this, the depth of one hinge housing - in the case shown, which is the standard case, the wall-side hinge housing 4 - is very shallow. To make this possible, the upper and lower housing surfaces of the wall-side hinge housing 4, which each contain a guide track 10 for guiding the movement of the wall-side lever end of the sash-side main lever 8, are bulged out beyond the opening surface of the wall-side hinge housing 4, and the guide track 10 extends into this bulged area, i.e. beyond the opening surface of the wall-side hinge housing 4. When the sash 2 is closed, the guide tracks 10 extend into the recess on the sash 2 in which the sash-side hinge housing 5 is arranged.In order to avoid any space problems, the hinge housing 5 on the wing side is designed to be deeper than it would otherwise have to be, and the pivot axis 11 of the main lever on the wing side on the wing 2 is not located directly on the opening surface of the recess in the wing 2 as usual, but is offset slightly into the opening.

[0029] Despite the advantageously shallow wall-side hinge housing 4, very robust bearings and main levers 7, 8 can be accommodated even with a high overlap of the hinge 3, no S-shaped curved guide track is required, and dangerously high force peaks do not occur at any bearing during movement control.

[0030] As with all the hinge designs outlined, hinge 3 according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 the translational movement of a lever end 9 of a main lever 8 when the wing 2 is fully opened in that hinge housing 4 in which this lever end 9 is slidably held, is positioned further out of this hinge housing 4 than the bearing of the lever end of the second main lever 7 which is held exclusively pivotably in this hinge housing.

[0031] The guide track along which the wall-side lever end 9 of the wing-side main lever 8 is translationally displaced during the opening movement of the wing 2 is shown in the example according to Fig. 1 semicircularly curved, wherein the center of curvature in the wall opening direction is at the same height as the pivot axis 16 of the wall-side main lever 7 and is positioned further away from the reveal surface in the wall direction than the said pivot axis 16.

[0032] The first part of this positioning information can be generalized to the statement that it is advantageous to define all centers of curvature of a possibly curved movement path of that translationally displaceable lever end 9 of a main lever 8, which is located in the area of the wall closing side or the wing closing side of the respective hinge housing when the sash is closed, at least as far in the wall opening direction or sash opening direction as the position of the translationally non-displaceable pivot axis 16 of the other main lever 7 located in the respective hinge housing.

[0033] (A center of curvature is, with respect to a point x on a curved curve, the center of that circle which best fits the curved curve at point x.) According to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 An arrangement not according to the invention comprises a wall 1 with an opening which can be selectively closed by a wing 2, wherein the wing 2 is movably connected to the wall 1 via a five-axis hinge 12 according to the invention. In this case, the hinge 12 is constructed symmetrically, i.e., the parts of the hinge 12 assigned to the wall 1 are shaped as a mirror image of the hinge parts assigned to the wing 2. For reasons of adjustability, the hinge halves on wall 1 and wing 2 are shown installed slightly differently.

[0034] Certain features are also reflected in the construction according to Fig. 3 briefly repeated: a) When the sash 2 is closed, the pivot axis 6 – that is, the axis about which the wall-side main lever 7 and the sash-side main lever 8 are pivotally mounted relative to one another – is located so close to the wall-closing side of the hinge 12 that the distance between this pivot axis 6 and the wall-closing side of the hinge is less than the diameter of one of the hinge pins on which a lever end of one of the two main levers 7, 8 is mounted exclusively pivotably about a pivot axis 16 or 11, respectively. b) When the sash 2 is closed, the translationally displaceable lever end 9, 13 of at least one of the two main levers 7, 8 – in this case, of both main levers 7, 8 – is located directly on the sash or wall-closing side of the respective hinge housing 14, 15.The direct straight line connecting the pivot axis 6 and the axis at the lever end 9, 13 is thus inclined by less than 5° relative to the wall plane; in this specific case, it is almost completely parallel to the wall plane. In this case, with the leaf 2 closed, the two main levers 7, 8 run parallel to the wall direction from the common pivot axis 6.

[0035] Fig. 5 shows an arrangement according to the invention with a hinge 18 in the intended installation situation on a wall 1 and a leaf 2. With the exception of the type of movement guide of the wall-side lever end 9 of the leaf-side main lever 8, the arrangement according to Fig. 5 same as that according to Fig. 1 .

[0036] At hinge 18 according to Fig. 5 The translational movement of the wall-side lever end 9 of the sash-side main lever 6 is guided by means of an additional lever 19, which is mounted with one lever end on the wall-side hinge housing 4 so as to be exclusively rotatable about a pivot axis 20, and is connected with the second lever end so as to be exclusively pivotable to the wall-side lever end 9 of the sash-side main lever 8. The translational movement path of the wall-side lever end 9 of the sash-side main lever 8 relative to the wall-side hinge housing 4 thus necessarily has the shape of a circular arc.

[0037] To ensure that the advantageous kinematics can be achieved with minimal space requirements despite the use of an additional lever 19 instead of a guide track, it is important, in addition to the combination of features according to the invention already mentioned above, that the bearing about the pivot axis 20 of the additional lever 19 on the wall-side hinge housing 4 is located entirely on the wall opening side and is offset in the wall direction relative to the pivot axis 16 of the wall-side main lever on the wall-side hinge housing. Furthermore, it is important that when the leaf 2 is closed, the additional lever 19 initially runs predominantly in the wall direction away from its pivot axis 20 on the wall-side hinge housing 4 and is then curved towards the wall closing side.Thirdly, it is important that the pivot axis at the lever end 9 between the sash-side main lever 8 and the additional lever 19 is at exactly the same height in the wall direction as the pivot axis 20 of the additional lever, which means that the straight connecting line between the two axes of the additional lever 19 is parallel to the reveal surface and thus normal to the wall surface.

[0038] In order to install the wall-side hinge housing 4 in the design according to Fig. 5 Despite the use of a wall-side additional lever 19 as shown, a measure is very valuable, for the illustration of which Fig. 6 serves.

[0039] According to this measure, the wall-side main lever 7 has, on the one hand, a recess 21 at the lever end with which it is mounted on the wall-side hinge housing 4, which recess is delimited in the direction parallel to the pivot axis 16 by two walls 22 of the main lever 7 spaced apart in this direction. Matching the recess 21, the additional lever 19 has a longitudinal region 23 which, when the hinge 18 is in the wide-open position, extends at least with part of its cross-sectional area through the recess 21. As shown, the additional lever 19 can be provided with a stepped cross-sectional area in said longitudinal region 23.

[0040] Fig. 7 und Fig. 8 each show an arrangement not according to the invention with a hinge 24 or 25. Compared to the previous examples, there is a difference in that the movement path of the translationally displaceable lever end of the wall-side main lever runs entirely in the wing opening-side housing part.

[0041] Despite the straight guide track on the wall side, the hinge 24 still has a particularly low installation depth - i.e. a particularly shallow hinge housing in the direction of the wall.

[0042] Despite the straight guide track on the wall side, the hinge 25 has a hinge housing on the wall side whose dimensions normal to the wall plane are extremely small.

[0043] Despite the detailed differences in construction, both hinges 24, 25 are suitable for large overlaps, since the features according to the invention are applied in both and thus the advantageous movement guidance of the wing 2 relative to the wall is achieved.

[0044] (It should be noted that, of course, even with the construction methods according to Fig. 7 und Fig. 8 the principle of kinematic reversal between the sash and the wall is possible. After this reversal, the movement path of the translationally movable lever end of the sash-side main lever would run entirely within the wall-opening-side housing section....)

[0045] Fig. 9 illustrates in which area the guide track for guiding the wall-side lever end of the wing-side main lever should be located in a hinge of an arrangement not according to the invention.

[0046] The curved, dashed arrow 24 runs along the path of movement of the pivot axis 6 (on which the two main levers are mounted to one another) during the opening movement of the sash. This arrow runs along a circular arc at the center of which is the pivot axis 16 of the wall-side main lever. The curved, dash-dotted arrows 25 run along two possible paths traversed by the (translationally displaceable) wall-side lever end of the sash-side main lever during the opening movement of the sash. Other possible paths of this type lie between the two dash-dotted arrows 25. The partially circular surface 26 covers the area in which the end point of the translational displacement of the wall-side lever end of the sash-side main lever lies during the opening movement of the sash.

[0047] If the position of the pivot axis 6 is set further away from the wall-side hinge housing when the sash is closed, this has the advantage that the dimensions of the wall-side hinge housing can be reduced in the direction of the wall. However, it also means that the pivot curve of the axis 6 along the arrow 24 runs less strongly against the wall direction, which limits the possibility of a high overlap. On the other hand, by positioning the axis 6 inside the sash-side hinge housing instead of on or in front of its opening surface, it can be achieved that the guide path in the wall-side hinge housing (arrows 26) can have a stronger directional component in the direction of the wall opening, which in turn has a beneficial effect on the possibility of a high overlap. The optimal setting ranges are best found iteratively using motion simulations.

[0048] When determining the specific positions of the various lever ends and designing levers, guide tracks, and hinge housing dimensions and shapes, simulation is typically performed in drawings in several iterative steps. An example procedure for an iterative loop is briefly explained in list form: Define the sash geometry and wall geometry, as well as the size and position of the hinge housings 4, 14 on sash 2 and wall 1. Define two triangles, each representing a main lever 7, 8, whereby the corner points of a triangle are positioned relative to each other in the same way as the pivot axes on the respective main lever 7, 8 (pivot axis at the sash-side lever end; pivot axis at the wall-side lever end; pivot axis 6, which connects the two main levers). Assume the position of sash 2 relative to wall 1 at the opening angles 0°, 180°, 135°, 90°, and 45°. In doing so, assume the position of the two triangles representing the two main levers 7, 8 - which are connected at the point of the common pivot axis 6 - and mark the respective positions of the lever ends on wall 1 and sash 2. Draw movement paths on wall 1 and sash 2 that connect the position markings of the lever ends and can be assumed to be the movement paths of these lever ends. Assume the shapes of the two main levers 6, 7 and run through the movement simulation with them. Change the shapes of the levers and, if necessary, the guide paths or movement paths of additional lever ends for guiding the movements of the lever ends until the movement simulations no longer lead to collisions. If necessary, also change the size and position of the hinge housings.

[0049] To ensure that the hinge can support a heavy leaf, it is advisable not to have the bearing pins on those lever ends of the main levers that are movable along a guide track in the respective hinge housing directly abut the guide track in the hinge housing, but to provide an intermediate piece. In this case, the bearing pin is held in the respective intermediate piece so that it can pivot only about its axis, and the intermediate piece is held so that it can be moved longitudinally along the guide track in the hinge housing. Compared to a design without such intermediate pieces, significant advantages can be achieved with regard to tribological properties. (Materials that are better matched in terms of sliding properties can be used, and larger sliding surfaces and thus lower bearing pressures can be provided.)

Claims

1. Arrangement comprising a wall (1) with an opening, a leaf (2) moveable relative to the wall, and a concealed hinge (3, 12, 18, 24, 25), which serves to guide movement of the leaf (2) with respect to the wall (1), wherein the hinge (3, 12, 18, 24, 25) is a wall-side hinge housing (4, 14), a leaf-side hinge housing (5, 15), comprises a wall-side main lever (7) and a leaf-side main lever (8), wherein - the pivot axis (16) of the wall-side main lever (7) is located in relation to the wall (1) in the wall-side hinge housing (4, 14) in the vicinity of its opening surface and of its housing wall on the wall opening side, and - the pivot axis (11) of the leaf-side main lever (8) is located in relation to the leaf (2) in the leaf-side hinge housing (5, 15) in the vicinity of its opening surface and of its leaf-opening housing wall, and - the movements of the translationally moveable ends of the main levers (7, 8) during the opening movement of the leaf (2) run from the inside of the respective hinge housing (4, 5, 14, 15) closer to its opening surface, and - the two main levers (7, 8) are held together in a pivotable manner on a pivot axis (6), and - both main levers (7, 8) are curved in the longitudinal region which extends between the respective pivot axis (11, 16) anchored to a hinge housing (4, 14; 5, 15) and the pivot axis (6) with the second main lever (8, 7), wherein, when the leaf (2) is closed, the concave side of the curvature faces the opening side of the respective hinge housing (4, 14; 5, 15), and - all four of those axle bolts by means of which the two main levers (7, 8) are held directly on one of the hinge housings (4, 14; 5, 15) in a moveable manner extend continuously from the upper housing surface to the lower housing surface in the respective hinge housing (4, 14; 5, 15), and, - when the leaf (2) is closed, the pivot axis (6) - which is an infinitely thin straight line - of the two main levers (7, 8) is positioned in relation to each other not further away from the wall closing side of the hinge (3, 12, 18, 24, 25) than the diameter dimension of one of those bearing bolts on which a main lever (7, 8) is mounted exclusively pivoting on a hinge housing (4, 5; 5, 15), and - when the leaf (2) of at least one of the two main levers (7, 8) is closed the translationally moveable lever end (9) is located in the vicinity of the leaf or wall closing side of the respective hinge housing (4, 14) in such a way that a straight connecting line between the pivot axis (6) of the two main levers (7, 8) to each other and the bearing axis at this translationally moveable lever end (9) is not inclined more than 5 angular degrees with respect to the direction of the wall, characterized in that the translationally moveable lever end (9) is connected to an auxiliary lever (19) by one of the two main levers (8) in a pivoting manner, the second lever end of which is connected to one of the hinge housings (4), wherein the pivot bearing on the hinge housing (4) is located directly on its wall opening side or leaf opening side, and when the leaf (2) is closed, the pivot bearing between the main lever (8) and the auxiliary lever (19) is located directly on the wall closing side or leaf closing side of the hinge housing and the straight connecting line between the pivot axes located at the two ends of the auxiliary lever (19) is normally aligned with the plane of the wall (1).

2. The arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that, of at least one of the two main levers (7, 8), the translationally moveable lever end (9) is located in the vicinity of the leaf or wall closing side of the respective hinge housing (4, 14) in such a way that a straight connecting line between the pivot axis (6) of the two main levers (7, 8) to each other and the bearing axis at this translationally moveable lever end (9) is not more than 3 angular degrees inclined in relation to the wall direction.

3. The arrangement according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that all centre points of curvature of a curved movement trajectory of that translationally moveable lever end (9) of a main lever (8) which is located in the region of the wall closing side or the leaf closing side of the respective hinge housing (4) when the leaf (2) is closed, at least to the extent that it is located in the direction of the wall opening or the leaf opening direction as the position of the leaf in the respective hinge housing pivot axis (16) of the other main lever (7) is located, which cannot be moved translationally.

4. The arrangement according to any one of the Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, upon fully opening of the leaf (2) in the hinge housing (4, 14) in which this lever end (9) is kept moveable, the translational movement of a lever end (9) leads one of the main levers (8) further out of this hinge housing (4, 14) than the bearing of the lever end (16) of the second main lever (7), which is exclusively held in this hinge housing in a pivoting manner.

5. The arrangement according to any one of the Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that when the leaf (2) is closed, the auxiliary lever (19) runs away from its pivot axis (20) on the hinge housing (4) initially further into the hinge, and is then curved in the direction of the wall closing side.

6. The arrangement according to Claim 5, characterized in that the main lever (7), which is not directly connected to the auxiliary lever (19) in a pivotable manner, comprises a recess (21) at the lever end with which it is exclusively pivoted on one of the hinge housings (4), which is located between boundary surfaces formed by walls of the main lever (7) and spaced from each other in the direction parallel to the pivot axis (16), and that the auxiliary lever (19) comprises a longitudinal region (23) which, when the hinge (18) is in a wide open position, runs at least with part of its cross-sectional region through the recess (21).

7. The arrangement according to any one of the Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the dimension of the wall-side hinge housing (4) in the direction of the wall is different from the dimension of the leaf-side hinge housing (5) in the direction of the leaf.

8. The arrangement according to Claim 7, characterized in that the axle bolt around the pivot axis (6) on which the two main levers (7, 8) are held towards each other in a pivotable manner, is completely in the leaf-side hinge housing (5) when the leaf is closed, and that the dimension of the wall-side hinge housing (4) in the direction of the wall is smaller than the dimension of the leaf-side hinge housing on the side of the leaf in the direction of the leaf.

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