Device for receiving a head of a person and combination of a training device and a device for receiving a head of a person

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (100) for receiving a person's head, comprising at least two lips (116) arranged around a first skin axis (101) and around a second principal axis (102) oriented perpendicular to the first principal axis (101), which together with at least one fixing element (103) form a closed curve with a cavity formed therein for receiving the person's head, comprising two coupling elements (104) designed for coupling with a training device (1), and wherein the fixing element (103) is configured by adapting a circumference of the curve to form a homogeneous positive or force-fit connection between the lips (116) and the person's head. The invention further relates to a combination of a training device (1) and a device (100) for receiving a person's head.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a device for receiving a person's head and to a combination of a training device and a device for receiving a person's head.

[0002] To prevent neck pain, degenerative changes in the cervical spine, or occupational neck pain (for example, in jet pilots, helicopter pilots, or athletes), as well as to treat balance disorders and degenerative and traumatic neck pain, it is necessary to train the neck muscles. The movement of the cervical spine is extremely complex. Movement does not occur along an isolated axis, but rather in multiple planes with multiple degrees of freedom, which also change their relative position during head movement. Physiological head rotation is therefore composed of the sum of a changing combination of rotation, lateral flexion, and flexion / extension components of each individual vertebral body of the cervical spine.

[0003] For effective and safe training while avoiding unwanted force transfer to the sensitive structures of the cervical spine of the user, it is important to be able to determine the position of the user's head as precisely as possible. The device for supporting the head should enable force transfer between the person's head and the training device, but without triggering unwanted force introduction into the cervical spine. To achieve this, the device for supporting the head must be adapted to the size and shape of the head to prevent the device from tipping or slipping relative to the head. Head shapes and sizes can, however, vary considerably. At the same time, the device for supporting the head should meet the above-mentioned requirements for as many users as possible in order to make the training device usable by a wide variety of people with different head shapes and sizes.Furthermore, the device for supporting the head should enable force transmission during rotational and tilting movements in all physiologically possible individual directions and combination movements.

[0004] US 6,106,437 discloses a device having the features of the preamble of claim 1, in which a helmet-like cap is fastened to the chin and neck by two adjustable straps. An adjustable headband carries coupling elements for coupling to a training device. US 2010 / 0292051 A1 also discloses an adjustable headband that can be coupled to a training device worn on the user's back via coupling elements and traction means. Straps with hook-and-loop fasteners for encircling a head are known from US 9,789,350 B1. DE 10 335 913 B3 describes a training device for training the cervical spine muscles, which has a headband and a chin strap. An oscillating rod, which acts as a coupling element to a resistance element, is arranged on the head support thus formed. US 2 051 366 shows a helmet on which a lever is arranged as a coupling element and can be pivoted about an axis.

[0005] Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a device for receiving a head and a combination of a training device and a device for receiving a head, which reduces the above-mentioned disadvantages.

[0006] The object is achieved by a device having the features of claim 1. The object directed to the combination is achieved by a combination according to the features of claim 12. Advantageous embodiments with expedient further developments are specified in the subclaims.

[0007] The device for receiving a person's head is characterized in particular by the fact that at least two lips are provided, arranged around a first main axis and a second main axis oriented perpendicular to the first main axis, which lips, together with at least one fixing means, form a closed curve with a cavity formed therein for receiving the person's head. Furthermore, two coupling elements are provided, which are designed for coupling to a training device. The fixing means is designed to create a positive or non-positive connection, in particular a homogeneous positive or non-positive connection, between the lips and the person's head by adapting a circumference of the curve.The lips are designed as grippers which are connected to the fixing means, wherein each of the grippers has two curved and converging outer cheeks which are connected to one another by means of struts and which are operatively connected to one another in such a way that a force exerted on at least one of the outer cheeks in a direction of force causes the gripper to deflect against the direction of the force to form a positive or non-positive connection between the grippers and the person's head. By means of the grippers, it is possible to form a homogeneous positive or non-positive connection between the grippers, i.e. between the device and the person's head. The grippers are fin-shaped so that when a force is applied to one side of the outer cheek, the ends of the loaded outer cheek deflect against the direction of the force. The outer sides are flexible but form-retaining and are preferably formed in one piece.In particular, the grippers are preferably manufactured using a generative manufacturing process, in particular using 3D printing. Consequently, if pressure is exerted on a point on the outer cheek, the area to which the highest force per area is exerted yields. At the same time, the blunt and pointed ends are deflected against the direction of pressure. This creates a depression, with the pointed end and the blunt end of the gripper moving in the opposite direction to the direction of pressure. This enables a positive connection between the head and the gripper, thus making it possible to adapt the device to any individual head shape and size using the grippers. The grippers are preferably made of plastics, in particular polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), thermoplastics (TPU) or polyamides such as PA6, PA11 or PA12. The fixing means can be formed in one piece or in multiple pieces, i.e.The fixing means can form a closed curve, or the fixing means can form a closed curve with the grippers, for example, by connecting them to the grippers. The outer cheeks of the gripper are preferably arranged on an inner side of the fixing means. In an alternative embodiment, however, parts of the gripper can also be arranged on an outer side of the fixing means. The outer cheeks of the gripper taper towards each other on one side and form a blunt end on the opposite side. The struts naturally have different lengths to enable a curved shape of the gripper. The homogeneous form fit or friction fit enables a homogeneous distribution of the contact pressure across the head surface.At the same time, the contact surface between the device, particularly between the outer cheeks of the gripper, and the head is comparatively large, allowing for optimal force transmission between the device and the person's head, i.e., between the training device and the person's head. Furthermore, to enable an even more homogeneous distribution of the contact pressure, it is preferable to have a plurality of grippers, particularly if they are arranged evenly distributed around the circumference and connected to the fixing means.

[0008] In a particularly simple embodiment, the fixing means can be formed as a band, in particular as a flexible band, for example as a headband. Alternatively, the fixing means can also be formed as rubber or ropes, or wire ropes. This enables force to be transmitted between the training device and the apparatus, and thus force to be transmitted from the training device via the apparatus to the person's head, without the apparatus slipping or tilting relative to the head. At the same time, the apparatus makes it possible to prevent local pressure peaks on the head or on the neck muscles, as the form-fitting connection ensures that the fit between the apparatus and the head is optimally adapted to one another, regardless of the head shape or size, thus resulting in a homogeneous pressure distribution across the head circumference. The fixing means is preferably connected to the coupling links.

[0009] In this context, it is advantageous if the closed curve forms an ellipse, with the deviation of the lengths of the principal axes from each other being less than 25%, preferably less than 15%, particularly preferably less than 10%, and most preferably less than 5%. It is particularly preferred if the lengths of the principal axes coincide, i.e., if the curve forms a circle.

[0010] In the simplest case, the fixing means is formed as a band or a headband, so that a force is transmitted to the grippers by the elastic design of the band. In a preferred embodiment, the fixing means additionally comprises at least one tension and / or compression means for adjusting the circumference of the closed curve. A change in the circumference of the closed curve of the fixing means brought about by the tension and / or compression means causes a force to be introduced into the lips. The tension and / or compression means can be formed as a twist lock, a BOA closure, or a snap-in closure. The fixing means can also be formed as a snap-in means in cooperation with the snap-in closure. In a further alternative embodiment, the tension and / or compression means can also be a sleeve that is connected to the fixing means and is adjustable along a rod such that the circumference of the curve of the fixing means is adjusted.In order to be able to adapt the device even better to the head size and shape of the person, it is preferred if a plurality of pulling and / or pushing means are present and in particular if these are regularly distributed over the circumference of the curve / fixing means.

[0011] For better force transmission between the outer cheeks of the gripper and the head, it is preferred if the struts of the gripper are formed from a bulge with one or two rods connected to the bulge.

[0012] To enable a homogeneous distribution of the contact pressure, it is preferred if the grippers are arranged opposite one another and are connected to the fixing means for the first gripper to be applied to a forehead and for the second gripper to be applied to the back of the head. In particular, to increase the contact surface between the grippers and the head, it is preferred if a plurality of first grippers, in particular at least two grippers (which are preferably arranged next to one another) and a plurality of second grippers (at least two, preferably four or more) are present. The grippers can be connected to the same fixing means or to different fixing means.

[0013] In order to prevent strain on the neck muscles, it is preferred if the second gripper is designed to be positioned above the protuberantia occipitalis externa of a head.

[0014] In this context, it is also advantageous, in order to reduce the strain on the neck muscles, if the coupling links are aligned in such a way that a coupling axis running between the coupling links and a training device corresponds or approximately corresponds to an auditory canal axis running between the auditory canals of a head.

[0015] Furthermore, it is advantageous if at least one of the grippers is formed from a plurality of sub-grippers, wherein two of the sub-grippers are connected to one another by means of at least one flexible connecting strut.

[0016] Alternatively, the lips can be wave-shaped with at least one wave crest and one wave trough, and if at least one of the wave crests is connected to the fixing means. The wave troughs form predetermined bending points, so that when force is introduced by adjusting – in particular reducing – the circumference of the curve, a bending of the predetermined bending point(s) is caused and thereby a positive or non-positive connection between the lips and the person's head. The height of the wave crests preferably decreases with increasing distance from the respective coupling element. The wave crests can have tunnels or tabs for connection to the fixing means. Padding is preferably arranged between the lip and the person's head to increase the wearing comfort of the device. The padding can be formed in one or more parts.

[0017] In a further alternative embodiment, each lip in the region of the coupling member can have a first thickness or a first thickness range, wherein the lip in the region adjacent to the first region has a second thickness or a second thickness range, wherein the second thickness is less than the first thickness, or the second thickness range is less than the first thickness range. The thickness ranges preferably do not overlap. In particular, it is preferred if the thickness of the lip decreases, at least in sections, with increasing distance from the first region. The thinner the lip, the more flexible the lip is, so that when force is introduced, the lip can also bend most sharply in the region in which the head has the greatest curvature, i.e. can adapt best to form a positive or non-positive connection.

[0018] To better determine the position of the device relative to the person's head, it is advantageous if the coupling links are directly or indirectly connected to a strap for contact with the person's chin. The two coupling links are thus preferably connected via a strap that rests against the person's chin. The strap can be adjustable in length, in particular, it can have an additional tension and / or compression means to adapt the length of the strap to the length of the distance between the coupling links and the chin.

[0019] To ensure a secure fit of the device on the head, it is also preferred if the coupling element is designed as an ear shell for encircling, in particular completely encircling, the ear. The ear shell is preferably rigid, but can have padding on the inside, for example, silicone. In an alternative embodiment, the ear shell can also be flexible to allow it to encircle the ear or ears of different sizes.

[0020] Furthermore, it is preferred if a plurality of fixing means are provided, which are arranged at a distance from one another and are each connected to at least one lip. In this context, the fixing means can also have a different circumference, so that the fixing means can be arranged at different locations along the head, i.e., at locations with a smaller diameter or with a larger diameter. The fixing means can be coupled via an additional connecting means, wherein this connecting means is preferably designed to rest on the back of the person's head and / or on the person's forehead.

[0021] The combination of a training device and a device for supporting a head is characterized in particular by the fact that the device can be coupled or is coupled to the training device by means of the coupling elements. The training device preferably serves to replicate natural movements of the cervical spine and enables free mobility of the cervical spine in all degrees of freedom for physiologically desirable mobility. The advantages and configurations mentioned with regard to the device are also transferable or applicable to the combination comprising the device.

[0022] To enable optimal fixation of the head in the device and simultaneously enable force transmission from the head to the training device, it is preferred if the training device can be coupled to the ear molds by means of a connecting element, such that a coupling axis running along the connecting elements coincides or approximately coincides with an auditory canal axis running between the auditory canals. The device according to the invention ensures that even when the device is adapted to the shape of the head, the auditory canal axis and the coupling axis continue to coincide. Optionally, the device, in particular the coupling elements, can additionally comprise springs for centering the three rotation axes.

[0023] The invention is illustrated below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings. Fig. 1 is a plan view of the device, Fig. 2 is a profile view of the device, Fig. 3 is a front view of the device, Fig. 4 is a plan view of a second embodiment of the device not covered by the invention, Fig. 5 is a plan view of a third embodiment of the device not covered by the invention, Fig. 6 is a plan view of a fourth embodiment of the device, Fig. 7 is a plan view of the combination of a training device with the device, Fig. 8 is a front view of a training device, Fig. 9 is a detailed view of the cross slide, Fig. 10 is a detailed view of the training mechanism, Fig. 11 is a rear view of part of the frame and the training mechanism of the training device, Fig. 12 is a detailed view of the rear view with the length compensation means and the training resistances, Fig. 13 is an embodiment for generating the training resistance, and Fig.14An alternative embodiment for generating training resistance.

[0024] Figure 1shows a plan view of a first embodiment of a device 100 for receiving a person's head, with at least two lips 116 arranged around a first main axis 101 and a second main axis 102 oriented perpendicular to the first main axis 101, which lips form a closed curve with at least one fixing means 103. The curve forms a cavity in which a person's head can be received. The fixing means 103 comprises at least one tension and / or compression means 108, in this case several tension and / or compression means 108 for adjusting a circumference of the closed curve of the fixing means 103. In this case, the fixing means 103 comprises a BOA closure with a BOA rotary dial, as well as BOA pulls, as the tension and / or compression means 108.In a simple case, the fixing means 103 can also be formed as a band, in particular an elastic band, for example a headband, or as a locking means, wherein the pulling and / or pushing means 108 is then formed as a snap closure.

[0025] In the device 100 according to Figures 1 to 3the lips 116 are formed as grippers 105, which are connected to the fixing means 103. Each of the grippers 105 has two curved and converging outer cheeks 107, which are interconnected by means of struts 106 and which are operatively connected to one another in such a way that a force exerted on at least one of the outer cheeks 107 in a force direction causes a deflection of the gripper 105 against the force direction to form a positive or non-positive connection, in particular a homogeneous positive or non-positive connection, between the grippers 105 and the person's head. The closed curve of the fixing means 103 preferably forms an ellipse, wherein the deviation of the length of the main axes 101, 102 from one another corresponds to less than 25%, preferably less than 15%, particularly preferably less than 10%, and most particularly preferably less than 5%. In a particularly preferred embodiment, however, the closed curve forms a circle, i.e.The lengths of the main axes 101 and 102 are identical. This allows for a homogeneous distribution of the contact pressure on the person's head.

[0026] If the tension and / or pressure means 108 cause a change in the circumference of the fixing means 103, this force is transferred to the outer cheeks 107 of the gripper 105 to form a positive or non-positive connection between the person's head and the outer cheeks 107 of the gripper 105. The tension and / or pressure means 108 are arranged at regular intervals from one another along the curve of the fixing means 103. In particular, the tension and / or pressure means 108 can be arranged between the grippers 105, in particular in the region of the coupling members 104. In addition, a further tension and / or pressure means 108 can also be arranged such that it is designed to rest against the back of the person's head. To connect the grippers 105 to the fixing means 103, the grippers 105 are formed on an outer cheek 107 with a guide tube 109 in which the fixing means 103 is guided.In the present case, the guide tube 109 is formed in several parts, which serves to simplify production. To enable optimal force introduction and also a decoupling of the force between the grippers 105 and the head, it is preferred if the struts 106 of the grippers 105 are formed from a bulge 110 with one or two rods 111 connected to the bulge 110, and if the struts 106 have a part with a first diameter and at least a second part with a diameter smaller than the first diameter.

[0027] Figure 2 shows that a plurality of fixing means 103 are provided, which are arranged at a distance from one another and are each connected to at least one gripper 105. Figure 2It can also be seen that the fixing means 103 can be connected to each other at the back of the head by means of an additional connecting means. This prevents the fixing means 103 from shifting relative to each other. Figure 2 that the grippers 105 are arranged opposite one another and are connected to the fixing means 103 for the first gripper 105a to be placed on a forehead of the head and the second gripper 105b to be placed on the back of the head. In the present case, a plurality of first grippers 105a and a plurality of second grippers 105b are provided. The first grippers 105a are arranged at a distance from one another. Preferably, the device 100 has two first grippers 105a and four second grippers 105b. The second grippers 105b are designed such that they come into contact above the protuberantia occipitalis externa of the head. This prevents strain on the neck muscles. Figure 2 and Figure 3It can also be seen that the grippers 105, in this case in front of the first grippers 105a, are formed from a plurality of sub-grippers 112, with two of the sub-grippers 112 being connected to each other by means of flexible connecting struts 113. This increases the contact surface of the grippers on the forehead and thus on the person's head. The connecting struts simplify the relative positioning of the sub-grippers.

[0028] Furthermore, the Figure 2 It can be seen that the coupling element 104 is formed as a rigid ear shell 115 for enclosing the ear. The tension and / or compression means, i.e., the BOA closure, in particular the rotary dial of the BOA closure, are also assigned to the ear shell 115 and are particularly formed thereon. Furthermore, the ear shell 115 is connected to a strap 114, which is designed to rest on a chin. This allows the device to be secured even more securely to the head. Figure 3It can be seen that the strap is also adjustable in length and also has a BOA closure, i.e. another pulling and / or pushing means 108 for length adjustment.

[0029] On the ear shells 115, a coupling surface 302 is provided, to which the device 100 can be coupled with a training device 1. This is shown in the Figure 7 which shows a combination of a part of the training device 1 and the device 100 for receiving the head. Figure 7 shows a combination 300 with the device 100 according to the first embodiment, wherein naturally also the Figures 4 to 6The further embodiments of the device shown can be / are coupled to the training device 1. The ear shell 115 is connected to the training device 1 at the coupling surface 302 by means of a connecting element 301, such that a coupling axis running along the connecting elements 301 coincides with an auditory canal axis running between the auditory canals of the person's head.

[0030] The Figure 4shows a second embodiment of the device 100, which differs from the other embodiments in that the lips 116 are wave-shaped with a plurality of wave crests and wave troughs. The wave troughs form predetermined bending points. When the circumference of the curve is adjusted, in particular reduced, the force introduced into the lip 116 induced thereby causes a bending of the predetermined bending points and thus a positive or non-positive connection between the lips 116 and the person's head. The height of the wave crests preferably decreases with increasing distance from the respective coupling member 104. Padding 117 is arranged between the lip 116 and the person's head to increase the wearing comfort of the device. The padding 117 can be formed in one piece or in multiple pieces.The fixing means is placed as a closed curve around the lips 116 and connected to the wave crests, for example, by tabs or tunnels formed on the wave crests. The circumference of the closed curve of the fixing means 103 can be adjusted by means of the tension and / or compression means 108, whereby a force is introduced into the wave crests of the lips, causing them to bend at the predetermined bending points to form a positive connection, in particular a homogeneous positive connection or frictional connection with concentric pressure, with the person's head.

[0031] The lip 116 is connected to the coupling members 104, in particular to the coupling members 104 formed as ear casings 115.

[0032] Figure 5shows a third exemplary embodiment of the device 100, which differs from the other exemplary embodiments in that each lip 116 has a first thickness or a first thickness range in the region of the coupling member 104. The lip 116 has a second thickness or a second thickness range in the region adjacent to the first region, wherein the second thickness is less than the first thickness, or the second thickness range is less than the first thickness range. The thickness ranges of the first region and the region adjacent to the first region preferably do not overlap. Due to the decreasing thickness of the lip, it becomes more flexible in the areas where the greatest adaptation of the device 100 / lip 116 to the person's head must take place, so that a positive or non-positive connection is formed between the lip and the person's head. Figure 5It can also be seen that the thickness of the lip decreases, at least in sections, with increasing distance from the first region. The fixation means is formed from several parts and comprises a tension and / or compression means 108 formed as a BOA closure, which preferably rests against the back of the person's head. The fixation means formed as a band, wire, or cable is connected to the lip 116 near the first and second main axes 101, 102. Padding 117 is arranged between the lip 116 and the person's head to increase the wearing comfort of the device. The padding 117 can be formed from one part or several parts.

[0033] Figure 6shows a fourth embodiment of the device 100, which differs from the other embodiments in that the lips 116 are connected to one another at their ends via a respective tension and / or compression means. The fixing means 103 is therefore formed as a tension and / or compression means 108, preferably as a BOA closure with a BOA cable. The tension and / or compression means 108 are preferably formed to rest against the forehead and the back of the head of the person. The lip can be connected to the tension and / or compression means 108 via tabs or tunnels formed at the ends of the lips. A padding 117 is arranged between the lip 116 and the person's head in order to increase the wearing comfort of the device. The padding 117 can be formed in one piece or in multiple pieces.

[0034] Figure 8shows a training device 1 for training the neck muscles, which comprises a frame 2 and a training mechanism 3 attached to the frame 2, which can be coupled to the device 100 (not shown in detail) for supporting a person's head. In the present embodiment, the device comprises a seat 21 or a chair, so that the trainee trains while sitting. In a particularly simple embodiment, only a seat or a stool can be provided. Furthermore, it is also alternatively possible for the trainee to train while standing or kneeling.

[0035] The training mechanism 3 comprises a cross slide 4, which is Figure 9is shown in more detail. The cross slide 4 has a first slide 6 and a second slide 7 which is arranged orthogonally to the first slide 6 and can be moved on the first slide 6. A translation means 8 is arranged displaceably on the first slide 6, so that the translation means 8 can be moved along a first translation axis T1 on the first slide 6 and, via the movement of the first slide 6 on the second slide 7, can also be moved along a second translation axis T2 which is orthogonal to the first translation axis T1. In the present case, the two slides 6, 7 and the translation means 8 are arranged in one plane. However, it is also possible to arrange the slides 6, 7 one above the other or one below the other. Centrally on the translation means 8, a rail 5 which is guided in a guide is rotatable and mounted about a first of the rotation axes.The rail 5 is also height-adjustable within the guide, enabling up-and-down movement of the coupling element, i.e., a translational movement along a third translation axis T3. In this case, the rail 5 is positioned centrally with respect to the translation means 8 and centrally with respect to the coupling element or the head of the trainee. This allows the trainee's head or the coupling element to move to the right and left, so that the first rotation axis R1 corresponds to the anatomical rotation axis of the cervical spine.

[0036] The rail 5 and / or the guide further support a frame 9, which provides a second rotation axis R2 and a third rotation axis R3. For this purpose, the free leg of the rail 5 is connected via a connecting piece 12, preferably angled at 90°, to a U-piece 10 that is at least partially guided around the coupling link. The U-piece 10 runs horizontally at the level of the trainee's cervical spine. The free end of the connecting piece 12 is connected to the U-piece 10 by means of a swivel joint 11, enabling a rotational movement about the second rotation axis R2, which is orthogonal to the first rotation axis R1.

[0037] On the free legs of the U-piece 10, as shown in Fig. 10As can be seen, a further rotary joint 22 or a rotary disk is arranged, by means of which the U-piece 10 can be coupled to the coupling member 104, preferably at the level of an auditory canal of the person training. By means of this further rotary joint 22, a rotation of the coupling member 104, i.e. of the head of the person training, about the third axis of rotation R3, which in turn is orthogonal to the other axes of rotation R1, R2, is enabled. This arrangement makes it possible for the coupling member 103 to be rotated by means of the training mechanism 3 about the three axes of rotation R1, R2, R3 and to be translated along three axes of translation T1, T2, T3. Furthermore, the axes of rotation R1, R2, R3 have a common intersection point, which lies in the area of the cervical spine of the person training, preferably at the midpoint of the base of the dens axis of the person training. This prevents injuries or incorrect training and also simulates the natural movement of the head orof the neck muscles consisting of flexion / extension / rotation and lateral flexion movements.

[0038] The neck muscles are preferably trained by means of a training resistance 13. For this purpose, the training device 1 has at least one training resistance 13, which can be formed, for example, as a spring or as a weight. In the present case, the training resistance 13 is formed as a weight, namely as a disc 19 and as a plate 16, in this case as a trapezoidal plate, as shown in the Figures 11 shown in more detail. The plate 16 and the disc 19 are movably mounted outside the cross slide 4 on a further rail 23. The further rail 23 is arranged on a rear wall of the frame, i.e., behind the coupling link or behind the trainee. Fig. 11It can also be seen that the frame can have a second or several additional rails 23, on which another plate 16 and / or another disc 19 is movably mounted. This increases the number of training resistances 13.

[0039] In order to adjust the force transmitted to the coupling link depending on the angular position of the coupling link 103, the weight of the training resistances 13 is transmitted to the coupling link by means of a cable 14. In this case, the training resistances 13 are simultaneously formed as a length compensation means 15, over which the cable 14 is guided such that the length of the cable 14 and thus the force transmitted to the coupling link by means of the training resistances 13 is adjusted depending on the translational movement and / or the rotational movement. A groove is formed on the outer circumference of the disc 19, around which the cable 14 is guided to the trapezoidal plate 16.

[0040] The trapezoidal plate 16 has, as can be seen in particular from Fig. 12As can be seen in detail, two cable guides 17, each of which is movably guided in a receptacle 24 formed laterally from the axis of symmetry of the trapezoidal plate 16. The receptacle 24 is formed as an elongated hole extending parallel to the longer base side of the trapezoidal plate 16. The cable guides 17 have rollers 25, 26 at their respective ends, on which a groove is preferably formed on the outer circumference. The cable of the cable pull 14 is guided from the outer side of the first roller 25, which is not arranged in the receptacle 24, to the inner side of the second roller 26. By mounting the cable guides 17 in the respective receptacle 24, the cable guide 17 is pivotally mounted. The first rollers 25 are pivotally mounted on the plate 16.Furthermore, an elastic spring force 18 connected to the cable guide 17 is arranged in the receptacle 24. This spring force is also movable within the receptacle and can be secured therein by means of a screw. This allows pretensioning of the cable guide 17 by means of the spring force 18. The movable and pretensionable cable guides 17 thus enable length compensation of the cable pull 14 depending on the rotational and translational movement.

[0041] In an alternative embodiment, the disc 19 can also be elliptical or guided not at its center but laterally offset in the further rail 23, so that rotating the disc 19 results in an elliptical movement. This also leads to a length compensation of the cable pull 14. The length compensation leads to a physiological force curve, so that the force of the training resistances 13 transmitted to the coupling link 104 changes depending on the angle of movement.

[0042] Figure 13shows an alternative embodiment for generating the training resistance 13. The training resistance 13 is generated by a means 28, in this case a weight, one end of which is eccentrically attached to the disc 19 by means of a pin 27. To vary the training resistance 13, the pin 27 can also be inserted into differently positioned pin receptacles of the disc 19. By rotating the disc 19, the weight 28 is moved against the force of gravity and thereby generates resistance. The angular extent of the training movement preferably corresponds to a rotation of the disc 19 of less than 180°. The change in height of the means 28 approximately corresponds to the sine of the angular change of the disc 19, which in turn approximately corresponds to a force curve advantageous for physiological training.The means 28 can be formed as a weight or as a spring or as a rubber band or as a hydraulic system or the like.

[0043] Figure 14shows a further alternative embodiment for generating training resistance. A non-circular disc 29, in this case an elliptical disc 29, is attached to the round disc 19, with a groove formed on the outer circumference, over which a further cable 30 is guided, one upper end of which is attached to the non-circular disc 29. At the lower end of the further cable 30, a means 28, in this case a weight, is attached, which is moved against the force of gravity when the disc 19 rotates. An advantage of this embodiment is that the curve of the change in height of the weight 28 relative to a floor is determined by the change in angle and the angular position of the discs 19, 29 and by the outer (non-circular) shape of the non-circular disc 29. Differently shaped non-circular discs 29 thus produce different force-angle curves.

[0044] In order to achieve a change in length and movement of the cable pull 14 during rotational movements, but not during translational movements of the coupling link, a tapered bridge structure 20 is arranged on one side of the cross slide 4, namely on the upper side of the frame 2, i.e. on the side of the frame 2 facing away from the ground. The two elements of the bridge structure 20 are connected to one another in an articulated manner, over which the cable pull 14 is guided, in particular via deflection pulleys. The cable pull 14 is guided from the plate 16, over the bridge structure 20, around a deflection pulley 27 formed on the translation means 8. The deflection pulley 27 is arranged on a pivot joint between the translation means 8 and the rail 5. LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS:

[0045] 1 Training device 2 Frame 3 Training mechanism 4 Cross slide 5 Rail 6 First slide 7 Second slide 8 Translation device 9 Frame 10 U-piece 11 Swivel joint 12 Connecting piece 13 Training resistance 14 Cable pulley 15 Length compensation device 16 Plate 17 Cable guide 18 Spring force 19 Disc 20 Bridge construction 21 Seat 22 Additional swivel joint 23 Additional rail 24 Mount 25 First pulley 26 Second pulley 27 Deflection pulley 28 Center 29 Non-circular disk 30 Additional cable pulley 31 Pin T1 First translation axis T2 Second translation axis T3 Third translation axis R1 First rotation axis R2 Second rotation axis R3 Third rotation axis 100 Device for holding a person's head 101 First main axis 102 Second main axis 103Fixing means 104Coupling link 105Gripper 105aFirst gripper 105bSecond gripper 106Struts 107Outer cheek 108Tension and / or compression means 109Guide tube 110Bulge (of the strut) 111Rods (of the strut) 112Sub-gripper 113Connecting strut 114Belt 115Ear casing 116Lip 117Padding300Combination of training device and device for receiving a coupling link 301Connecting element 302Coupling surface

Claims

1. A device (100) for receiving a head of a person, comprising at least two lips (116) laid about a first main axis (101) and about a second main axis (102) aligned perpendicularly to the first main axis (101), which lips form with at least one fixing means (103) a closed curve with a cavity formed therein for receiving the head of the person, having two coupling members (104) which are set up for coupling to a training device (1), and the fixing means (103) being designed, by adapting a circumference of the curve, to form a homogeneously acting positive fit or frictional connection between the lips (116) and the head of the person, characterized in that the lips (116) are formed as grippers (105) which are connected to the fixing means (103), each of the grippers (105) having two curved outer cheeks (107) which are connected to one another by means of struts (106), run towards one another and are in mutual operative connection, such that a force exerted on at least one of the outer cheeks (107) in a force direction causes a deflection of the gripper (105) counter to the force direction in order to form a positive fit between the grippers (105) and the head of the person.

2. The device (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the closed curve forms an ellipse, wherein the deviation of the length of the main axes (101, 102) from each other corresponds to less than 25%, preferably less than 15%, particularly preferably less than 10% and most preferably less than 5%.

3. The device (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that the closed curve forms a circle.

4. The device (100) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fixing means (103) has at least one tension and / or compression means (108) for adapting the circumference of the closed curve, and in that a change in the circumference of the closed curve brought about by means of the tension and / or compression means (108) causes a force to be introduced into the lips (116).

5. The device (100) according to any one of claims claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, for connecting the gripper (105) to the fixing means (103), the gripper (105) comprises a guide tube (109) on an external outer cheek (107), in which the fixing means (103) is guided.

6. The device (100) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the struts (106) of the gripper (105) are formed from a bulge (110) with one or with two rods (111) connected to the bulge (110).

7. The device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the grippers (105) are arranged opposite each other and are connected to the fixing means (103) for applying the first gripper (105a) to a front of the head and the second gripper (105b) to a rear head.

8. The device (100) according to claim 7, characterized in that the second gripper (105b) is designed to abut above the protuberantia occipitalis externa of the head.

9. The device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least one of the grippers (105) is formed from a plurality of sub-grippers (112), wherein two of the sub-grippers (112) are connected to each other by means of at least one flexible connecting strut (113).

10. The device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the coupling member (104) is formed as an ear casing (115) for embracing the ear.

11. The device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a plurality of fixing means (103) is provided, which are arranged spaced apart from each other and are each connected to at least one lip (116).

12. A combination (300) of a training device (1) and a device (100) for receiving a head according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the device (100) can be coupled to the training device (1) by means of the coupling members (104).

13. The combination (300) according to claim 12, characterized in that the coupling members (104) are formed as an ear casing (115), and in that the training device (1) can be coupled to the ear casings (115) by means of a connecting element (301) in such a way that a coupling axis running along the connecting elements (301) approximately coincides with an auditory canal axis running between the auditory canals.

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