Smoke protection pressure system or smoke extraction system

Abstract

The present invention relates to a smoke control pressure or smoke extraction system with at least one smoke extraction device (1) and a smoke extraction shaft (11), wherein the smoke extraction device has a smoke extraction opening, a frame (2) surrounding the smoke extraction opening (12) and a closing device for closing the smoke extraction opening, wherein an inner circumference of the frame and an outer circumference of a closing element (4) of the closing device that fits into the frame have complementary steps, and wherein the closing element moves into the smoke extraction shaft when the closing device is opened.In order to make better use of space in the room in front of the smoke extraction device, to make the smoke extraction device visually appealing and yet to ensure permanently safe smoke extraction in case of fire, in the invention a drive mechanism (7, 8) coupled to the closing element is attached to the frame on a drive side of the smoke extraction device, with which the closing element can be moved towards and away from the smoke extraction opening plane in a direction of travel at a right angle to a smoke extraction opening plane.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a smoke control pressure or smoke extraction system with at least one smoke extraction device and a smoke extraction shaft, wherein the smoke extraction device has a smoke extraction opening, a frame surrounding the smoke extraction opening and a closing device for closing the smoke extraction opening, wherein an inner circumference of the frame and an outer circumference of a closing element of the closing device fitting into the frame have complementary steps, wherein at least one seal which self-foams when a temperature threshold is exceeded is arranged in joints between the steps of the inner circumference of the frame and the outer circumference of the closing element, and a drive mechanism coupled to the closing element is attached to the frame on a drive side of the smoke extraction device.

[0002] Smoke control pressure systems are used in areas where smoke must not penetrate, such as fire escape stairwells, fire service elevators, airlocks, corridors, and escape tunnels. In particular, smoke control pressure systems serve to keep escape routes free of smoke in both vertical and horizontal directions in the event of a fire. Such escape routes include, for example, interior stairwells. In the event of a fire, the smoke control pressure system typically uses a supply air fan to create positive pressure in these stairwells, preventing smoke from being forced into the stairwell and ensuring that the stairwell is ventilated with fresh outside air. Such a stairwell is connected to at least one shaft into which the positive pressure can be released.

[0003] Between the stairwell and the respective shaft, smoke extraction devices are provided, which are closed to prevent smoke when there is no fire and therefore no smoke, and are opened in case of fire.

[0004] Furthermore, there are smoke extraction systems that create negative pressure in a smoke extraction shaft located next to a room, thereby directing smoke from the respective room into the smoke extraction shaft.

[0005] Here too, there is at least one smoke extraction device between the room and the smoke extraction shaft, which is closed to prevent smoke when there is no fire and therefore no smoke, and is opened in case of fire.

[0006] The smoke extraction shaft is fire-resistant, meaning it has a fire resistance rating. A smoke extraction duct can also be used instead of a smoke extraction shaft.

[0007] The smoke control pressure system or the smoke extraction system thus creates an overpressure or a negative pressure in the smoke extraction shaft or smoke extraction duct, whereby cold and hot smoke from a room located next to the smoke extraction shaft or smoke extraction duct is directed into the smoke extraction shaft or smoke extraction duct.

[0008] Natural and mechanical smoke extraction systems are known in the prior art.

[0009] Smoke extraction devices can include, for example, smoke control dampers, which swing open into the space in front of the shaft. To guarantee the safe opening of such smoke control dampers in the event of a fire, a sufficient amount of space must be left in front of each damper. This restricts the effectively usable area in the room, which may be used as a living or commercial space, as the smoke control dampers can be almost as large as conventional doors.

[0010] Therefore, smoke control flaps were developed that rotate centrally around a vertical or horizontal axis of rotation, and which, when opened, only protrude about half their width or height into the space in front of them, but this is also often disadvantageous.

[0011] Even less space is required in the room in front of the smoke damper when smoke extraction devices in the form of louvers are used. With these smoke extraction devices, an anti-pinch guard, such as a grille, must be installed in front of the louvers to prevent people from reaching in – for example, children. This makes such smoke extraction devices less visually appealing.

[0012] An alternative design can be found in German patent application DE 10 2018 120 280 A1. The smoke extraction device described in this document features a smoke control damper mounted on a frame and pivoting backwards into the shaft. This eliminates the need to leave space in front of the damper for its opening. In a fire- and smoke-free state, the smoke control damper is locked in place by a latch on a frame. In the event of a fire, the smoke control damper opens automatically, while other dampers in the extraction shaft close. To open the smoke control damper, a motor extends a chain from a drive module housing. This chain moves an actuator against the force of spring elements, which in turn rotates a spindle that exerts a torque on the latch, thus opening the smoke control damper.If no more smoke is detected, the smoke control damper is automatically closed again in reverse order and the bolt finally locks back into place.

[0013] However, this smoke extraction system also requires anti-pinch protection to prevent accidents when the smoke damper closes automatically. This is particularly important because the existing smoke damper cannot be opened manually. Another problem with this smoke extraction system is that the damper cannot withstand certain pressure levels, as its edges are forced into the shaft under pressure even before the damper is supposed to open. Therefore, this existing smoke extraction system does not meet the highest requirements set by the fire department for such systems.

[0014] German patent application DE 196 49 126 C2 describes a fire damper to prevent fire spread in a ventilation duct. The damper has a housing that can be inserted into the ventilation duct. An inlet chamber is separated from an outlet chamber by a pivoting fire damper. The fire damper consists of a lower part made of mineral wool and an upper part made of gypsum board, each enclosed by a metal casing with an additional metal partition between them. The lower part is smaller than the upper part, creating a step on the side of the fire damper. The lower part is fitted with a thermally expanding gasket along its edge. A gasket is also applied to the step, which may also be integrated with the frame.

[0015] Furthermore, various window constructions for ventilation purposes or for use as roof windows are known from publications DE 101 13 784 A1, EP 2 385 184 A1 and CH 153 737 A, the sashes of which can be lifted parallel to the respective frame using different drive modules. Shear mechanisms are used in publications EP 2 385 184 A1 and CH 153 737 A.

[0016] The publication JP S52 102856 U1 describes a smoke extraction device comprising a smoke outlet cylinder with an attached exhaust duct, wherein the smoke outlet cylinder is closed at one end by a plate. This plate is mounted at one end of a retractable piston rod of the cylinder and can be extended and retracted in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the plate by means of a vertical scissor mechanism. The scissor sections of the scissor mechanism, connected centrally by a pin, have pins on one side by which they are guided in guides. A first of the scissor sections has a pin at its end opposite the guide, by which it is pivotally connected to the plate. The guide is attached to an upper element of the smoke outlet cylinder.A second of the scissor parts has a pin at its end opposite the guide, by which it is pivotally attached to an inner corner of the smoke outlet cylinder. The guide is attached to the inside of the plate. A circumferential seal is provided on a lower section of the inner walls of the smoke outlet cylinder, against which an angled edge of the plate abuts when closed.

[0017] Document US 2007 / 056752 A1 describes a smoke extraction device in which smoke is extracted from a room by spraying a medium into a section of pipe leading out of the room using a first spray head, thereby creating a suction effect from the room into the pipe section. The pipe section has an opening that can be closed by a locking element. The locking element is centrally coupled to a piston rod of a cylinder, which allows the locking element to be extended into an open position. A return spring around the piston rod moves the locking element into a closed position. The drive mechanism of the locking element, comprising the cylinder and piston rod, is functionally coupled to the media supply of the first spray head. A step and two bevels are provided on the side of the locking element, while a circumferential bevel is provided around the opening of the guide section.

[0018] German patent application DE 197 05 950 A1 discloses a fire damper comprising a housing, an inlet chamber, an outlet chamber, and a damper blade located between them. A frame surrounds the damper blade, to which it is attached by hinge strips, allowing the damper blade to open and close. The damper blade consists of an upper part, made of a gypsum board with a metal sheath, and a lower part, made of a mineral wool board with a metal sheath. Since the upper part is larger than the lower part, an edge of the upper part forms a step that rests on the frame. The lower part is fitted with a thermally expanding seal along its edge. A motor coupled to a sensor and an associated mechanism for closing the damper blade in the event of a fire are provided on the side of the housing and the frame.

[0019] Document US 2014 / 065941 A1 discloses a smoke control damper located in a vestibule between a stairwell and an interior space. The smoke control damper has a central leaf and a plurality of overlapping outer leaves arranged around it, each connected by support pins to a pin coupling device. Furthermore, a drive device is provided, consisting of a motor and chains connected to it and guided by deflection plates and gears to the rear of the central leaf. These chains move the central leaf and, successively, the outer leaves coupled to it at right angles to a smoke vent opening plane, thereby opening the smoke control damper.

[0020] Publication EP 2 537 563 B1 describes a smoke vent in the form of an integrated wall module. The smoke vent has a frame and a door assembly in which a locking mechanism is integrated. The front of the door assembly is flush with an interior wall of a room, and the rear of the door assembly faces a smoke duct. The locking mechanism, attached to an inner panel of the door assembly, is accessible only via a keyhole. The inner panel is spaced from an outer panel of the door assembly by means of spacers.

[0021] The object of the present invention is to provide a smoke extraction device for a smoke control pressure system or a smoke extraction system that does not cause any space restriction in the room in front of the smoke extraction device, is visually appealing from one side and ensures permanently safe smoke extraction in case of fire.

[0022] The object of the invention is achieved by a smoke control pressure or smoke extraction system with at least one smoke extraction device and a smoke extraction shaft, wherein the smoke extraction device has a smoke extraction opening, a frame surrounding the smoke extraction opening and a closing device for closing the smoke extraction opening, wherein an inner circumference of the frame and an outer circumference of a closing element of the closing device fitting into the frame have complementary steps, wherein at least one seal which self-foams when a temperature threshold is exceeded is arranged in joints between the steps of the inner circumference of the frame and the outer circumference of the closing element, wherein a drive mechanism coupled to the closing element is attached to the frame on a drive side of the smoke extraction device.with which the closing element is movable away from and towards a smoke vent plane in a direction of travel extending at a right angle to a smoke vent plane, wherein the self-foaming seal is arranged perpendicular to the direction of travel between a rear side of a front frame element of the frame and a front side of a rear closing plate of the closing element, and in the joints between the steps of the inner circumference of the frame and the outer circumference of the closing element at least one smoke control seal aligned parallel to the direction of travel is arranged, wherein the smoke control seal is a silicone seal.

[0023] While previous smoke extraction or smoke venting devices were based on a hinged or pivoting mechanism for opening the locking door or flap, in the present invention the locking element opens and closes similarly to a drawer. In the present invention, there is no pivot point for the locking element.

[0024] The closing element thus forms a closing door for opening and closing the smoke extraction opening. It moves at a right angle away from and towards the plane of the smoke extraction opening. The plane of the smoke extraction opening is understood to be an imaginary plane enclosed by the frame on one visible side of the smoke extraction device.

[0025] To open the smoke extraction opening, as in the event of a fire in the room in front of the smoke extraction system, the closing element is pulled by the drive mechanism into the smoke extraction shaft extending behind the closing element, adjacent to the room, in a direction of movement perpendicular to the smoke extraction opening. In this case, the direction of movement, and thus the direction of travel, is therefore a pulling direction.

[0026] To close the smoke vent, the closing element is pushed towards the smoke vent by means of the drive mechanism. In this case, the direction of movement, and thus the direction of travel, is a pushing direction.

[0027] In both the pulling and pushing directions, i.e., in both directions of travel which differ only in their sign, the closing element is moved in a straight motion, whereby in this movement the closing element is aligned parallel to the plane of the smoke vent opening.

[0028] The outer circumference of the locking element is designed with steps that precisely match the stepped shape of the frame's inner circumference. The steps on the outer circumference of the locking element and those on the inner circumference of the frame are offset from each other. This creates an opaque seal, ensuring that no gaps between the steps are visible, particularly from the visible side of the smoke extraction system.

[0029] The closing element preferably closes the smoke extraction opening in such a way that the visible side of the closing element is flush with the visible side of the frame. This results in a clean visible surface of the smoke extraction device.

[0030] Due to the stepped shape of the outer circumference of the locking element and the inner circumference of the frame, the transition between the locking element and the frame is also closed when the smoke vent is sealed by the locking device. Therefore, there is no smoke passage opening when the locking device is closed.

[0031] To open the smoke vent, the closing element is moved away from the frame into the smoke vent shaft until there is enough space between the closing element and the frame for smoke-laden air to escape through this space into the smoke vent shaft.

[0032] In the present invention, the space from which smoke is to be extracted is located on the visible side of the closure element, and the closure element moves into a smoke extraction shaft when the closure device is opened. This has the advantage that no areas need to be kept clear in the space in front of the smoke extraction device for pivoting the closure device.

[0033] A further advantage of the invention is that the shape of the frame and the corresponding shape of the locking element are largely variable. The surrounding frame ensures that the smoke extraction device is smoke-tight in the closed state in every case.

[0034] In the invention, at least one seal which foams up automatically when a temperature threshold is exceeded is arranged perpendicular to the direction of travel and at least one smoke control seal which is aligned parallel to the direction of travel is arranged in joints between the steps of the inner circumference of the frame and the outer circumference of the locking element.

[0035] This combination of a self-expanding seal and a smoke control seal provides protection when the smoke extraction system is closed, both in the event of a fire in the room and in the smoke extraction shaft. The at least one smoke control seal is preferably designed as a sealing lip. It can, for example, be made of silicone.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the outer circumference of the locking element is connected to the inner circumference of the frame on both sides by at least one vertical scissor linkage and at least on its underside by at least one horizontal scissor linkage. The vertical scissor linkages allow the locking element to move easily and stably in and out of the smoke extraction shaft. The locking element can be guided back and forth by the opposing, vertically oriented scissor linkages in a multitude of cycles without causing sealing problems at the locking door or jamming of the locking door. The at least one horizontal scissor linkage provides additional mechanical stability. Furthermore, the horizontal scissor linkage at the bottom provides a fall protection device.

[0037] The scissor linkages used in the present invention are preferably each formed from two rods or profiles arranged crosswise and articulated at their intersection point, which are made, for example, of metal or another long-term stable material.

[0038] In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the scissor linkages are guided in rails formed on the locking element and the frame. Here, a first end of each cross-linked rod or profile of the respective scissor linkage is fixed to one end of the rail, while the other, second end of the cross-linked rods or profiles is moved along the rail in the direction of the first end as the scissor linkage extends. Typically, after the scissor linkage has been extended, the second end is located approximately in the center of the rail. The rails ensure a secure hold for the scissor linkage and its defined movement.

[0039] Preferably, the drive mechanism has a chain drive with at least one chain that can be extended and retracted perpendicular to the frame by motor operation.

[0040] The orientation of the at least one chain defines the direction of movement of the locking element relative to the smoke vent and the frame. The at least one chain is set into linear motion by at least one drive motor, so that at least one guide element with the locking element attached to it can move back and forth in the direction of travel.

[0041] It is particularly practical if the locking element is coupled to the drive mechanism via a bracket of at least two parts, the parts of which are connected by a screw, and if a through-hole aligned with the screw head is formed in the frame.

[0042] This arrangement allows easy access to the drive mechanism, particularly when the smoke vent is closed, for maintenance or repairs without triggering the smoke extraction system. For example, if a drive motor of the mechanism is defective, it must be repaired or replaced. In the proposed embodiment, a screwdriver can be inserted through the through-hole, the screw head gripped, and the screw loosened. This separates the bracket sections connected by the screw, and the locking element can then be manually pushed into the smoke vent from the room side. This creates a gap between the locking element and the frame, providing access to the drive mechanism, which is preferably mounted on the smoke vent side of the frame.

[0043] Preferably, the drive mechanism comprises at least one drive motor around which a fire-resistant and / or heat-resistant housing (up to a predetermined temperature-time exposure) is formed. In certain applications of the invention, it is advantageous if the mechanism only triggers after a predetermined time, such as 25 minutes after smoke detection. In these applications, the fact that the drive motor of the drive mechanism has a fire-resistant and / or heat-resistant housing (up to a predetermined temperature-time exposure) ensures that the drive motor remains fully functional even after the predetermined time, during which it may be exposed to, for example, hot smoke gases.

[0044] Essentially, the smoke extraction system in the present invention only needs to function once, namely in the event of a fire, which it does with a high degree of reliability. If, in such a fire, the smoke extraction system is located on the fire floor, the closing mechanism opens and must remain open, while simultaneously the smoke extraction systems located on other floors of the burning building, which are also connected to the smoke vent, must close securely and remain closed. In this way, hot gases and / or smoke can pass through the open smoke extraction system on the fire floor into the smoke vent, where they can bypass the closed smoke extraction systems on the other floors without causing damage.The smoke extraction system is therefore exposed to fire both on the fire floor on its visible side and on the other floors on its drive side facing the smoke extraction shaft.

[0045] In a particularly fire-resistant yet lightweight embodiment of the present invention, the locking element and / or the frame, starting from the drive side and extending towards a visible side of the smoke extraction system, first comprise a calcium silicate board and then a gypsum fiberboard. In the event of a fire, the calcium silicate board remains dimensionally stable for a relatively long time. The calcium silicate board can absorb and release water, thus acting as both an insulating and a climate-regulating board. The gypsum fiberboard, located on the side of the space where smoke is generated in the event of a fire, contains crystalline gypsum, from which water is released above a certain temperature. Conversely, the gypsum fiberboard has a relatively high density and therefore absorbs moisture poorly. Consequently, the gypsum fiberboard releases moisture in the event of a fire, thereby cooling the smoke extraction system.With this panel arrangement, the closure element can be provided with a weight of ≤ 80 kg, which is approximately half the weight of the closure element of known smoke extraction devices. Alternatively, the closure element and / or the frame can also be made entirely of gypsum fiberboard, for example, from two gypsum fiberboards stacked on top of each other.

[0046] The visible side of the smoke extraction system can have a decorative surface on the gypsum fiberboard. Although the smoke extraction system is a safety-relevant component, it can thus blend well into the room's ambiance without immediately being perceived as a technical installation. The gypsum fiberboard, including the decorative surface, is preferably a Class A2 building material, i.e., non-combustible.

[0047] A preferred embodiment of the present invention, including its structure, function and advantages, is explained in more detail below with reference to figures, wherein Figure 1 schematically shows an embodiment of a smoke extraction device in a front view in a closed state; Figure 2 schematically shows the smoke extraction device made of Figure 1 Figure 3 shows a section of the view in the open position in a cutaway side view; Figure 3 shows an enlarged section of the view of Figure 2 Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the smoke extraction system of Figure 1 and 2 Figure 5 shows a sectioned side view in the closed position; Figure 5 shows an enlarged section of the view of Figure 4 Figure 6 shows a schematic representation of the smoke extraction system of the Figure 1 , 2 and 4 Figure 7 shows a cutaway view from below in the open position; and Figure 7 schematically shows the smoke extraction device of the Figure 1 , 2 ,4 and 6 shown in a cutaway view from below in the closed state.

[0048] Figure 1 Figure 1 schematically shows an embodiment of a smoke extraction device 1 in a front view, i.e., from a room 15, in a closed state. The smoke extraction device 1 is part of a smoke control pressure or smoke extraction system. This smoke control pressure or smoke extraction system also includes a smoke extraction shaft 11. The smoke extraction device 1 is located on one floor of a building. Additional smoke extraction devices, identical or similar in design to the smoke extraction device 1, may be installed on other floors of the building. The respective smoke extraction devices are coupled by a control unit of the smoke control pressure or smoke extraction system, which allows them to be opened and / or closed, or kept closed.

[0049] The smoke extraction device 1 is installed in a wall 10 of room 15 and is flush with the wall 10 on its visible side. From the visible side shown, one can see a surface of a frame 2 and a surface of a closure element 4 of the smoke extraction device 1 enclosed by the frame 2. The joints 30 between the frame 2 and the closure element 4 are sealed smoke-tight.

[0050] In the illustrated embodiment, the locking element 4 is designed as a rectangular plate assembly. However, in other embodiments of the invention, the locking element 4 can also have a different shape, for example, be round or have more than four corners.

[0051] The locking element 4 closes in the illustration of Figure 1 one in Figure 2 open smoke extraction opening 12 of the smoke extraction device 1.

[0052] In the event of a fire, smoke from the room 15 located in front of the smoke extraction device 1 is directed over all sides of the closure element 4 into a smoke extraction shaft 11 located behind a smoke extraction opening level of the smoke extraction opening 12 which is framed by a frame 2 of the smoke extraction device 1.

[0053] In the event of a fire, the smoke extraction systems located on the other floors of the building are closed.

[0054] On the in Figure 1 The visible side of the smoke extraction device 1 shown can have a decoration (not shown here) on a surface of the closure element 4 facing room 15, which can be adapted, for example, to a surface decoration of the wall 10, so that the smoke extraction device 1 is hardly noticeable in the wall 10.

[0055] In Figure 2The smoke extraction device 1 is shown in a sectional side view in an open state. The closing element 4 is located in the smoke extraction shaft 11 next to room 15. Figure 4 The smoke extraction system 1 can be seen from the same side as in Figure 2 , but in a closed state.

[0056] In the illustrated embodiment, the locking element 4 consists of a front locking plate 41, the front of which is shown in the front view as... Figure 1The front locking plate 41 is smaller in area than the back locking plate 42, so that at least one step is formed on an outer circumference 40 of the locking element 4. In the illustrated embodiment, two steps are formed on the outer circumference 40 of the locking element 4. In other embodiments of the present invention, not shown, the locking element 4 can also be made from a single piece of material with a stepped outer circumference 40.

[0057] In the embodiment shown, the front closure plate 41 is a gypsum fiberboard and the back closure plate 42 is a calcium silicate board. In other embodiments of the present invention, the back closure plate 42 can also be a gypsum fiberboard.

[0058] In the illustrated embodiment, the frame 2 surrounding the locking element 4 is formed from a rectangular front frame element 21 and a rear frame element 22, which are connected to each other. The frame 2 can have dimensions of up to 2 m x 1 m, but can also be smaller. At least one step is formed on an inner circumference 20 of the frame 2, which is complementary to the at least one step formed on the outer circumference 40 of the locking element 4. In other embodiments of the present invention, not shown, the frame 2 can also be made from a single piece of material with a stepped inner circumference 20.

[0059] In the illustrated embodiment, according to the invention, at least one self-foaming seal 31 is arranged in at least one of the joints 30 between the steps of the inner circumference 20 of the frame 2 and the outer circumference 40 of the locking element 4. This seal 31 is arranged perpendicular to the direction of travel V. As shown in Figure 3 As can be seen, the seal 31, which foams up automatically when a temperature threshold is exceeded, is located between a rear side of the front frame element 21 and a front side of the back closure plate 42, which overlap each other.

[0060] Furthermore, according to the invention, at least one smoke control seal 32 is arranged in at least one of the joints 30 between the steps of the inner circumference 20 of the frame 2 and the outer circumference 40 of the locking element 4. The smoke control seal 32 is, according to the invention, a silicone seal. The at least one smoke control seal 32 is arranged parallel to the direction of travel V. In the embodiment shown, the smoke control seal 32 is located as shown in Figure 3 As can be seen, between an inner edge of the back frame element 22 of the frame 2 and an outer edge of the back closure plate 42 of the closure element 4. In the embodiment shown, specifically, between the inner edge of the back frame element 22 and the smoke protection seal 32, there is also an end of the scissor linkage 5, 5' and part of a connecting mechanism with which the respective scissor linkage 5, 5' is connected to the frame 2.

[0061] The closing element 4 is a component of a closing device 3 of the smoke extraction device 1. In the illustrated embodiment, the closing device 3 further comprises scissor linkages 5, 6. The closing element 4 can be moved in a direction V from one side to the other by means of the scissor linkages 5, 6. Figure 1 shown position, in which a visible surface of the closure element 4 is flush with a wall surface of the wall 10, in a Figure 2 The position shown, in which the closing element 4 is located in the smoke extraction shaft 11, can be moved. For example, the maximum travel distance of the closing element 4 in the direction of travel V is 30 cm.

[0062] In the illustrated embodiment, the scissor linkages 5, 6 consist of two vertical scissor linkages 5, 5' mounted laterally on the locking element 4, a horizontal scissor linkage 6 mounted on an underside of the locking element 4, and a horizontal scissor linkage 6' mounted on an upper side of the locking element 4. The horizontal scissor linkage 6' mounted on the upper side of the locking element 4 can also be omitted in other embodiments of the present invention.

[0063] The horizontal scissor linkage 6 mounted on the underside of the locking element 4 is particularly useful in Figure 6 It is clearly visible in the image, which shows the smoke extraction device 1 in a cutaway view from below in the open position. Figure 7 The smoke extraction device 1 can also be seen from below, but in a closed state.

[0064] The vertical scissor linkages 5, 5' each have two rods or profiles 51, 52 arranged crosswise and connected centrally by a joint 53. The horizontal scissor linkages 6, 6' also each have two rods or profiles 61, 62 arranged crosswise and connected centrally by a joint 63.

[0065] In the illustrated embodiment, the scissor linkages 5, 5', 6, 6' are each guided in rails 54, 55 and 64, 65, respectively. The rails 54, 55 and 64, 65 are preferably made of stainless steel. A first end 511, 521 and 611, 621, respectively, of the rods or profiles of the scissor linkages 5, 6 is fixedly mounted to a first end of the respective rail 54, 55 and 64, 65, respectively, while a second end 512, 522 and 612, 622, respectively, of the rods or profiles of the scissor linkages 5, 6 is movable within the respective rail 54, 55 and 64, 65.

[0066] The respective second end 512, 522 or 612, 622 of the rods or profiles of the scissor linkages 5, 6 is located at a second end of the respective rail 54, 55 or 64, 65 when the locking device 3 is closed and is arranged in a central area of ​​the respective rail 54, 55 or 64, 65 when the locking element 4 is extended.

[0067] As it is in Figure 6 As can be seen, the horizontal scissor linkage 6 located below, when the closing device 3 is extended, spans approximately half of the area between the closing element 4 and the open smoke vent 12, thus forming a fall protection barrier. The unprotected free space next to the extended horizontal scissor linkage 6 between the closing element 4 and the open smoke vent 12 is typically so small that a person cannot fall through it, i.e., fall into the downward-extending smoke vent 11.

[0068] The locking element 4 is connected to a drive mechanism by which it can be moved in the direction of travel V. In the illustrated embodiment, the locking element 4 is connected on both sides to a drive of the drive mechanism. In other embodiments of the invention, the drive mechanism may have only a single drive on one side of the locking device 3, the effect of which is mechanically and / or electrically distributed to both sides of the locking device 3.

[0069] In the illustrated embodiment, the drive mechanism has a chain drive 7 on each side of the closure element 4, each driven by a drive motor 8. The two drive motors 8 operate synchronously. In other embodiments of the present invention, both chain drives 7 can also be driven by only one drive motor 8. The respective drive motor 8 is preferably an electric motor. The selection of the power of the respective drive motor 8 depends on the respective pressure stage of the smoke extraction device 1.

[0070] In the illustrated embodiment, each motor 8 is surrounded by an enclosure 80. The enclosure 80 is fire-resistant and / or heat-resistant up to a predetermined temperature-time load. In the illustrated embodiment, the enclosure 80 consists of interconnected gypsum fiberboards. The enclosure 80 forms an encapsulation around the respective motor 8, which makes it possible for the smoke extraction device 1 to be manually triggered by the fire department, for example, only 25 minutes after the outbreak of a fire, and even then the motor remains fully functional for at least 60 seconds, during which time the closing element 4 is extended. Alternatively, the smoke extraction device 1 can also be triggered automatically.

[0071] The housing 80 is connected to the frame 2 on the drive side of the smoke extraction device 1. An inner chain end piece of the chain drive 7 is inserted into the housing 80.

[0072] In the illustrated embodiment, the locking element 3 is connected to the drive mechanism, specifically to an outer chain end of the chain drive 7, on both sides via a bracket 9. In the illustrated embodiment, the bracket 9 is designed as a Z-angle. Each bracket 9 has two bracket parts 91, 92, which are connected by a screw 93. Through holes 23 are formed in the frame 2 on both the upper and lower sides, through which the screw heads 94 of the screws 93 can be engaged and rotated with a screwdriver when the locking device is closed. This allows the screw connection between the bracket parts 91, 92 to be manually loosened, enabling the locking element 4 to be manually pushed into the smoke extraction duct 11.This allows access to the drive mechanism, specifically the chain drive 7, from inside the room, for example to carry out maintenance, repairs, or replacements. The fire-resistant housing 80 can be opened for replacement.

Claims

1. Smoke protection pressure system or smoke extraction system with at least one smoke extraction device and a smoke extraction duct, wherein the smoke extraction device (1) comprises a smoke extraction opening (12), a frame (2) surrounding the smoke extraction opening (12) and a closing device (3) for closing the smoke extraction opening (12), wherein an inner circumference (20) of the frame (2) and an outer circumference (40) of a closing element (4) of the closing device (3) fitting into the frame (2) comprise complementary steps, wherein at least one upon exceeding a temperature threshold value automatically foaming-up seal (31) is arranged in joints (30) between the steps of the inner circumference (20) of the frame (2) and of the outer circumference (40) of the closing element (4), and a drive mechanism coupled to the closing element (4) is attached to the frame (2) on a drive side (14) of the smoke extraction device (1), characterized in that with the drive mechanism the closing element (4) can be moved away from and onto a smoke extraction opening plane in a travel direction (V) extending at a right angle to the smoke extraction opening plane, wherein the automatically foaming-up seal (31) is arranged perpendicular to the travel direction (V) between a back side of a front frame element (21) of the frame (2) and a front side of the back closing plate (42) of the closing element (4), and at least one smoke protection seal (32) aligned parallel to the travel direction (V) is arranged in the joints (30) between the steps of the inner circumference (20) of the frame (2) and of the outer circumference (40) of the closing element (4), wherein the smoke protection seal (32) is a silicone seal.

2. Smoke protection pressure system or smoke extraction system according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer circumference (40) of the closing element (4) is connected to the inner circumference of the frame (2) on both sides by at least one vertical scissor linkage (5, 5') and at least on its underside by at least one horizontal scissor linkage (6, 6').

3. Smoke protection pressure system or smoke extraction system according to claim 2, characterized in that the scissor linkages (5, 5'; 6, 6') are guided in rails (54, 55; 64, 65) formed on the closing element (3) and on the frame (2).

4. Smoke protection pressure system or smoke extraction system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive mechanism comprises a chain drive with at least one chain (7) which can be extended and retracted perpendicular to the frame (2) by motor operation.

5. Smoke protection pressure system or smoke extraction system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the closing element (3) is coupled to the drive mechanism via a bracket (9) of at least two parts, the bracket parts (91, 92) of which are connected by a screw (93), and a through bore (23) is formed in the frame (2) which through bore (23) is aligned with a screw head (94) of the screw (93).

6. Smoke protection pressure system or smoke extraction system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive mechanism comprises at least one drive motor (8) around which a fire-resistant and / or up to a predetermined temperature-time load heat-resistant housing (80) is formed.

7. Smoke protection pressure system or smoke extraction system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the closing element (3) and / or the frame (2) starting from the drive side (14) in the direction of a visible side (13) of the smoke extraction device (1) first comprise(s) a calcium silicate board and then a gypsum fiberboard or is / are made of gypsum fiber board only.

8. Smoke protection pressure system or smoke extraction system according to claim 8, characterized in that a decorative surface is formed on the visible side (13) of the smoke extraction device (1) on the gypsum fiber board.

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