Spark plug with insert aid for a laterally introduced ground electrode
Patent Information
- Application Number
- EP2023828159
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2022-12-20
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-11
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-29
AI Technical Summary
The assembly of ground electrodes in spark plugs with laterally inserted electrodes poses challenges due to obscured views and limited space for adjusting the ignition gap, leading to complex monitoring processes and potential misalignment.
A spark plug design featuring a rod-shaped ground electrode with an insertion aid at its radially inner end and a tapered bore at its outer end, ensuring correct alignment and secure insertion without tilting, using tapers, chamfers, or grooves to facilitate uniform pressure and prevent post-installation position changes.
This design simplifies the assembly process by ensuring accurate and secure positioning of the ground electrode, minimizing the need for complex monitoring and post-processing adjustments, while maintaining reliable electrode alignment and gap formation.
Smart Images
Figure 1.1
Abstract
Description
[0001] Description
[0002] title
[0003] Spark plug with insertion aid for a laterally inserted ground electrode
[0004] State of the art
[0005] The invention is based on a spark plug according to the preamble of claim 1.
[0006] For some time now, new spark plug designs have been increasingly pursued in which the ignition gap is formed within the housing. In one of these designs, the ground electrode is inserted into a hole in the housing wall and protrudes laterally from the housing wall into the interior of the housing. For example, DE 10 2017 221 517 A discloses a prechamber spark plug in which the ground electrode is arranged in a hole in the housing wall and protrudes laterally into the interior.
[0007] With a ground electrode inserted laterally into the spark plug, new challenges arise regarding the correct alignment of the ground electrode to the center electrode and the adjustment of the spark gap. With a pre-chamber spark plug, the challenge arises because the view of the electrodes and the spark gap may be obscured by a cap on the housing, making it more difficult to monitor the assembly process of the ground electrode on the spark plug.
[0008] A spark plug with an open housing end on the combustion chamber side does not pose the challenge of obscuring the electrodes and spark gap. The challenge here is that the spark gap is at least partially formed within the housing, leaving little room for reworking the electrodes to adjust the spark gap after the ground electrode is placed.
[0009] It is the object of the present invention to provide a spark plug in which a reliably correct assembly of the ground electrode is enabled, so that the need for complex monitoring processes during assembly of the ground electrode and post-processing of the electrodes after assembly of the ground electrode is minimized.
[0010] Advantage of the invention / Disclosure of the invention
[0011] This problem is solved by the spark plug according to the invention.
[0012] The spark plug according to the invention has a longitudinal axis X as well as a housing and an insulator arranged within the housing. The center electrode is arranged within the insulator. The spark plug has a rod-shaped ground electrode which, with respect to the longitudinal axis X of the spark plug, has a radially inner end and a radially outer end. Furthermore, the spark plug has a bore into which the ground electrode is inserted, so that the spark plug has a laterally inserted ground electrode. The bore has a radially inner end and a radially outer end with respect to the longitudinal axis X of the spark plug. The ignition gap is formed between the ground electrode and the center electrode. The ground electrode has an insertion aid at its radially inner end. Additionally or alternatively, the bore has an insertion aid at its radially outer end.
[0013] The insertion aid on the ground electrode and / or on the hole simplifies the installation process of the ground electrode. This is especially true when the ground electrode and the hole are dimensioned such that the ground electrode is secured in the hole by a press fit. The insertion aid ensures that the ground electrode does not tilt when inserted into the hole, but remains straight, allowing the ground electrode to be inserted into the hole with even pressure and a smooth movement. This prevents unwanted tension from building up between the ground electrode and the hole, which slowly dissipates after the ground electrode is installed in the hole and can lead to a change in the position of the ground electrode.
[0014] The respective radially inner end of the bore and the ground electrode is spatially closer to the longitudinal axis X of the spark plug than the respective radially outer end.
[0015] Advantageous further developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims. In an advantageous further development of the invention, the insertion aid on the ground electrode is a taper of the outer diameter of the ground electrode in the direction of the longitudinal axis X of the spark plug. Additionally or alternatively, the insertion aid on the bore is a taper of the inner diameter of the bore in the direction of the longitudinal axis X of the spark plug. Designing the insertion aid as a taper of the diameter has the advantage that this can be easily carried out during production of the spark plug or its individual parts and the overall production process is not significantly extended or complicated. The insertion aid or the taper can be realized, for example, by rounding the edges of the ground electrode or the walls delimiting the bore or by a chamfer on these edges.
[0016] In an advantageous variant of the spark plug according to the invention, the insertion aid is a rounded portion. The rounded portion advantageously has a radius R of 0.05 mm or greater and 1 mm or less. This dimension ensures that the rounded portion is large enough to fulfill the insertion aid function, while at the same time not too large to ensure that the ground electrode remains securely in the bore without changing its position over time.
[0017] In another advantageous variant of the spark plug according to the invention, the insertion aid is a chamfer. The chamfer has a length L that is measured parallel to the longitudinal direction of the bore or the ground electrode, which also corresponds to the insertion direction of the ground electrode. The length L of the chamfer is equal to or greater than 0.1 mm and equal to or less than 1 mm. This dimension ensures that the chamfer is large enough to fulfill the function of the insertion aid, while at the same time not being too large to ensure that the ground electrode remains reliably seated in the bore without changing its position over time.
[0018] For the chamfer, it has further been found that an angle a is advantageously equal to or greater than 5° and equal to or less than 45°. The angle a lies between the surface of the chamfer and the insertion direction of the ground electrode. In particular, it has proven advantageous if the angle a for a chamfer formed on the ground electrode is equal to or greater than 10° and equal to or less than 45°. If the chamfer is formed on the bore, then it has proven advantageous if the angle a is equal to or greater than 5° and equal to or less than 35°. Both embodiments of the spark plug according to the invention in which either the ground electrode or the bore has an insertion aid, and an embodiment of the spark plug according to the invention in which the ground electrode and the bore each have an insertion aid are advantageous.The desired technical effect is naturally enhanced if both the ground electrode and the bore have an insertion aid. If the bore and ground electrode have an insertion aid at their respective ends, the insertion aids can be implemented differently or identically. For example, the bore can have a rounded portion and the ground electrode a chamfer, or vice versa. Alternatively, the bore and ground electrode can each have a chamfer of the same or different dimensions, or each have a rounded portion of the same or different dimensions.
[0019] In addition, the spark plug can have a second insertion aid on the ground electrode and / or the bore. This second insertion aid can be grooves on one or both of the respective contact surfaces of the ground electrode and the bore. The grooves run parallel to the insertion direction of the ground electrode. The contact surface of the bore to the ground electrode is formed by the walls defining the bore. The grooves serve as a guide when inserting the ground electrode into the bore and thus ensure that the ground electrode is inserted into the bore with even pressure and at a constant speed. In addition, the deformation of the grooves can directly relieve any stresses that arise when inserting the ground electrode. The grooves can be created during production of the ground electrode, for example, by extrusion, drawing or calibrating the outer shape.
[0020] In one embodiment of the spark plug according to the invention, the ground electrode has a base body and an ignition element forming the ignition surface. The ignition element is attached to the base body and has a smaller diameter than the base body. The insertion aid is formed on the base body. Since the insertion aid is typically formed by removing material and the ignition element is made of more expensive material than the base body, this embodiment prevents expensive material from being wasted through removal during the formation of the insertion aid. The functionality of the insertion aid is retained. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the bore into which the ground electrode is inserted is formed on the housing.
[0021] In another advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the spark plug has a cap which is fastened to the combustion chamber end of the housing and the spark plug is a pre-chamber spark plug, wherein the bore in which the ground electrode is inserted is formed on the cap or on the housing.
[0022] In combination or alternatively, in further embodiments it is provided that the ignition gap between the center electrode and the ground electrode is a radial ignition gap and / or that the ignition gap is formed at least partially, in particular completely, within the interior of the housing.
[0023] The ground electrode can be pressed and / or soldered or welded into the bore.
[0024] The housing typically has a longitudinal bore parallel to the longitudinal axis X of the spark plug, forming a housing wall and an interior space. The bore into which the ground electrode is inserted is formed, for example, in the housing wall. The ignition gap is then formed at least partially, in particular entirely, within the interior space of the housing.
[0025] drawing
[0026] Figure 1 shows an example of a spark plug with an inserted ground electrode
[0027] Figure 2 shows a first example of the inventive design of the bore and the ground electrode
[0028] Figure 3 shows a second example of the inventive design of the bore and the ground electrode
[0029] Description of the embodiment
[0030] Figure 1 shows a spark plug 1 in a half-section. The spark plug 1 has a longitudinal axis X, which extends from the end closest to the combustion chamber to the end of the spark plug 1 facing away from the combustion chamber. The spark plug 1 has a housing 2, which has a longitudinal bore parallel to the longitudinal axis X of the spark plug 1, whereby the housing 2 has a housing wall 26 and an interior space 23. On its outer side, the housing 2 typically has a thread with which the spark plug 1 can be screwed into a cylinder head. Typically, an outer seal 6 is arranged on the outer side of the housing 2, which seals a transition between the housing 2 and the cylinder head.
[0031] The insulator 3 is arranged and secured within the housing 2. The gap between the housing 2 and the insulator s is sealed by an internal seal 10. Arranged within the insulator 3, starting from its end facing away from the combustion chamber, are a connecting bolt 8, a resistance element 7, and a center electrode 4, which are electrically connected to one another. The center electrode 4 typically protrudes from the insulator 3 at the combustion chamber end and, in this example, into the interior 23 of the housing 2.
[0032] In this example, the ground electrode 5 is inserted into a bore 20 formed in the housing wall 26. The ground electrode 5 is rod-shaped and has a radially inner end 51 and a radially outer end 52. The radially inner end 51 of the ground electrode 5 projects laterally into the interior 23 of the housing. The radially inner end 51 of the ground electrode 5, together with the center electrode 4, forms the ignition gap 45. In this example, the two electrodes 4, 5 form a radial ignition gap 45. The ground electrode 5 and the center electrode 4 can also be arranged relative to one another such that they form an axial ignition gap.
[0033] The center electrode 4 and / or the ground electrode 5 can each have a noble metal-containing ignition element 54 at one of their ends delimiting the ignition gap 45. In the case of the ground electrode 5, the noble metal-containing ignition element 54 is then arranged at the radially inner end 51 of the ground electrode 5.
[0034] In an alternative embodiment, a cap can be arranged on the housing 2 on its combustion chamber-side end face. The housing 2 and the cap together form a prechamber with a prechamber volume. The bore 20, into which the ground electrode 5 is inserted, can be formed in a housing wall 26 or in a cap wall. Figures 2 and 3 each show an enlargement of the area marked with circle A in Figure 1, wherein the ground electrode 5 is not yet in its final position in the bore 20, but a snapshot of the insertion of the ground electrode 5 into the bore 20 is shown for the sake of clarity. Figure 2 shows a first example and Figure 3 shows a second example for the implementation of the insertion aid 60 on the bore 20 and on the ground electrode 5.
[0035] The following description of the figures applies to figures 2 and 3 unless explicitly reference is made to a figure.
[0036] The wall 26 of the housing 2 or the cap delimits the bore 20 laterally to its longitudinal extent. The bore 20 has a radially outer end 21 and a radially inner end 22. At its radially inner end 22, the bore 20 has a diameter DBI. At its radially outer end 21, the bore 20 has a diameter DBA. The diameter DBI of the bore 20 at its radially inner end 22 is smaller than the diameter DBA of the bore 20 at its radially outer end 21. This taper of the diameter of the bore 20 in the direction of the longitudinal axis X of the spark plug 1 results from the insertion aid 60 formed at the radially outer end 21 of the bore 20. In the example according to Figure 2, the insertion aid 60 at the radially outer end 21 of the bore 20 is designed as a rounded portion. The rounded portion has a radius R of 0.05 to 1.0 mm. In the example according to Figure 3, the insertion aid 60 is designed as a chamfer at the radially outer end 21 of the bore 20.For example, the chamfer has a length L of 0.1 to 1 mm and an angle a of 5° to 35°.
[0037] In a further development, the bore 20 can have grooves on the contact surface 25 to the ground electrode 5 as a second insertion aid. These grooves preferably extend parallel to the insertion direction of the ground electrode 5. For example, the grooves are formed over the entire length and / or along the entire circumference of the contact surface 25 of the bore 20.
[0038] The ground electrode 5 is rod-shaped and has a radially inner end 51 and a radially outer end 52. In these examples, the ground electrode 5 has a base body 53 and an ignition element 54 that is arranged and secured at the radially inner end 51 of the base body 53. The ignition element 54 has a diameter Dz. The base body 53 has a diameter DMI at the radially inner end 51 of the base body 53 and a diameter DMA at the radially outer end 51 of the base body 53. The following applies to the diameters:
[0039] Dz s DMI
[0040] DMI < DMA
[0041] This tapering of the diameter of the base body 53 in the direction of the longitudinal axis X of the spark plug 1 results from the insertion aid 60 formed on the radially inner end 51 of the base body 53. In Figures 2 and 3, the insertion aid 60 is formed as a chamfer on the radially inner end 51 of the base body 53. The chamfer has, for example, a length L of 0.1 to 1 mm and an angle a of 10° to 45°. Not shown in the examples is the possibility that the insertion aid 60 is realized on the ground electrode 5 by a rounded portion.
[0042] If the ground electrode 5 does not have an ignition element 54, then the base body 53 is the ground electrode 5.
[0043] In a further development, the ground electrode 5 or the base body 53 of the ground electrode 5 can have grooves on the contact surface 55 to the bore 20 as a second insertion aid. These grooves preferably extend parallel to the insertion direction of the ground electrode 5. For example, the grooves are formed over the entire length and / or along the entire circumference of the contact surface 55 of the ground electrode 5 or its base body 53.
Claims
Claims 1 . Spark plug (1) with a longitudinal axis X, comprising • a housing (2), • an insulator (3) arranged within the housing (2) • a central electrode (4) arranged within the insulator (3), • a ground electrode (5), wherein the ground electrode (5) is rod-shaped and has a radially inner end (51) and a radially outer end (52), • a bore (20) into which the ground electrode (5) is inserted, the bore having a radially outer end (21) and a radially inner end (22), and • an ignition gap (45) formed between the ground electrode (5) and the center electrode (4), characterized in that the ground electrode (5) has an insertion aid (60) at its radially inner end (51) and / or the bore (20) has an insertion aid (60) at its radially outer end (21).
2. Spark plug (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insertion aid (60) is a taper of the outer diameter of the ground electrode (5) or of the inner diameter of the bore (20) in the direction of the longitudinal axis X of the spark plug (1), for example a rounding or a chamfer.
3. Spark plug (1) according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the insertion aid (60) is a rounding and the rounding has a radius R of 0.05 to 1.0 mm.
4. Spark plug (1) according to one of the preceding claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the insertion aid (60) is a chamfer and the chamfer has a length L of 0.1 - 1 mm measured parallel to the insertion direction of the ground electrode (5).
5. Spark plug (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the chamfer has an angle of a equal to or greater than 5° and equal to or less than 45°, in particular 5° to 35° or 10° to 45°, where a is the angle between the insertion direction of the ground electrode (5) and the chamfer.
6. Spark plug (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bore (20) and the ground electrode (5) have the same or different insertion aid (60) formed at their respective ends (21, 51), in particular wherein the insertion aid (60) is a rounding or a chamfer.
7. Spark plug (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ground electrode (5) and / or the bore (20) have grooves on their respective contact surfaces (55, 25) as second insertion aids (61), in particular that the grooves run parallel to the insertion direction of the ground electrode (5).
8. Spark plug (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ground electrode (5) has a base body (53) and an ignition element (54) forming the ignition surface, wherein the ignition element (54) is fastened to the base body (53) and has a smaller diameter than the base body (53), wherein the insertion aid (60) is formed on the base body (54).
9. Spark plug (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bore (20) into which the ground electrode (5) is inserted is formed on the housing (2).
10. Spark plug (1) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the spark plug (1) has a cap which is fastened to the combustion chamber end of the housing (2) and the spark plug (1) is a pre-chamber spark plug, the bore (20) into which the ground electrode (5) is inserted being formed on the cap or on the housing (2).