Insulated roof outlet with a rectangular cross-section

Abstract

The invention is a pre-insulated construction of the end of the duct of channeling installations in rooms and buildings, constituting a roof outlet - cowl that enables instalation - ventilation ducts to be provided through the roof plane and its protected. The invention is used as roof outlet on building roofs, especially in warehouses, industrial buildings, and utility buildings, to protect the ends of various types of installations so ducts such as ventilation, air conditioning, sanitary, and electrical ducts, which are provided inside the outlet, particularly from weather conditions.

Description

[0001] The invention refers to construction a pre-insulated roof base - outlet, roof cowl - end of a duct for the exhaust of installations in rooms and buildings - for ventilation ducts, constituting a roof cap - roof base that allows ventilation ducts to pass through the roof plane and provide protection. The invention is used as roof bases - caps on building roofs, particularly in warehouses, industrial buildings, and outbuildings, to protect the ends of various types of installations, such as ventilation, air conditioning, sanitary, and electrical - ducts / tubes, which are lead - routed inside the base - cap, particularly protect from weather conditions.

[0002] The purpose of a roof cap / base - roof cowl - outlets is to protect ventilation and sewage systems leading to the roof from rain and moisture, among other things. It also prevents the adverse effects of wind or allows the wind to be used to increase chimney draft. Exhaust ventilation systems equipped with electric motor-driven roof fans and adjustable and rotating caps mounted at the ends of ventilation ducts are known. Roof fans are driven by an electric motor and create negative pressure in the exhaust ventilation duct in front of the fan. Adjustable - set roof base comprises a hubcap - hood / nose cap and a stabilizer - fin that aligns the hubcap parallel to the wind flow, creating negative pressure on the outside - external side of the hubcap / hood, supporting the operation of gravitational ventilation or exhaust - combustion / burning chimneys. Rotary roof base - outlets are constructed with appropriately rotating, profiled blades - vanes that create negative pressure inside the rotary outlets, supporting the operation of natural - gravitational ventilation.

[0003] Roof bases that facilitate air transport are known, allowing ventilation systems to be routed through the roof plane. Types B / I, B / II, and B / III roof bases are known, as described in industry standard BN-70 / 8865-32. The B / I base comprises a supporting shell - casing to which a flange is attached at the top. The lower part of the supporting - load-bearing casing is equipped with a connection - hook-up, terminal for attaching the base to the chimney. The hook-up is square in shape with downward-curved edges and has assembly holes. The type B / II roof base is constructed similar to the type B / I base, but is additionally equipped with a straight pipe with a flange at the bottom, attached to the hole in roof outlet - roof base. The type B / III roof base comprises the type B / II roof base and a throttle- damper with a housing - enclosure, attached at the bottom to the flange of the B / II base. Said bases are used for attaching chimney base - chimney cowls so they constitute the ends of the duct.

[0004] The description of Polish utility model W.112068 describes a roof base - a roof passage comprising of a pipe connected to a sheet of metal. The sheet metal is designed for attachment to the chimney. It is square-shaped with chamfered corners and downward-curved edges, with mounting holes in the corners. The sheet is rolled to the pipe, and a layer of sealing paste is applied at the top of the sheet metal joint. The pipe is notched in the form of grooves parallel to the axis in the upper section. In the lower section, the pipe has grooves perpendicular to the axis, alternately rolling inwards and outwards. This solution allows for a roof passage that can be attached directly to the ceiling or by constructing a small insulated brick made or tin end cap - plinth (most often used in sloped roofs). A disadvantage of this solution, however, is need to use the insulation from the sealing paste that is not easy to be formed in a good, effective insulation.

[0005] However, there is still a need for elements to protect the ends of various types of installations - ducts - leading to the chimney to provide greater protection.

[0006] The primary goal of the invention was to provide a dedicated solution for securing various types of insulation terminations - ends of insulation - used on building roofs. The main purposes included constructing an efficient chimney channeling - drainage system, known as a roof cap - roof outlet to achieve benefits. These were to be prefabricated structural elements that would be easy to seal at the ceiling, quick to install compared to traditional methods, guarantee moisture-tight insulation when penetrating the ceiling - in slashing the ceiling, and characterized by strength, stiffness, and high insulation properties. The invention was intended to simplify installation by shortening the time required to erect such a component on the roof - rise it, which is particularly important given the growing demand for residential buildings. Resistance to high pressure and the possibility of early prefabrication of the elements were also crucial effect to be achieved, facilitating the production of roof caps for installation on buildings. Additionally, the design included the possibility of producing painted elements, which would additionally positively impact on the overall aesthetics.

[0007] The scope - essence of the invention is the construction of a pre-insulated roof cap - roof base, cowl - outlet with a longitudinal rectangular cross-section, mounted on building roofs, that sets protection for the termination of installations - ends, so internally routed - inside leading ducts. The roof base - outlet, cap according to the invention is essentially comprised of straight pre-insulated with polyurethane foam of a specified thickness rectangular cross-section duct. This duct is formed by two side walls that are two shorter lateral walls - side walls, a front wall and a rear - back wall referred to in this description as the longer walls, from the side where the ventilation duct is provided - runs through the center of the roof outlet - cap. The duct is composed of an inner and outer casing within - between the casing the space is formed that is then filled with polyurethane foam. The lower portion of this duct of roof outlet a flange - "collar" is formed for securing - strapping, fitting the roof outlet - base - cap, cowl. The flange extends outward from the duct from the outer casing side, or inward of the duct from the inner casing side. A cover, lid is attached to the top of the roof duct of roof outlet - base, its construction being similar to the casing so that it is formed from an outer casing and an inner casing, and the space between the casings is filled with polyurethane foam.

[0008] A straight roof duct comprises therefore an inner jacket - casing from the inner side of the outlet - base, cup duct and an outer jacket - casing provided in the outside wall of the duct of the roof base - cowl / outlet. A layer of polyurethane foam (PUR) insulation is placed between the two casings, with a thickness between the casings ranging from 25 up to 100 mm, preferably from 30 mm to 55 mm, with the best results achieved at thickness 50 mm.

[0009] The dimensions of the inner casing - jacket provided in the inner wall of the duct - of the front and rear, back walls of the straight roof duct of the roof outlet, which in this description constitute the longer wall of the rectangle that is refers as length a, and the size, dimensions of the side, lateral walls - length b of the roof duct of the outlet - cowl / base, which in this description constitute the shorter wall of the rectangle, range from 100 to 4000 mm, preferably from 250 mm to 2800 mm. For larger sizes, it is possible to construct the element from several modules.

[0010] Preferably, the lengths are 1500 mm x 2800 mm, most preferably 800 x 1000 mm.

[0011] The size of length A', B' of the outer casing of duct of the roof outlet - cap, base, cowl, with the thickness of the inner casing, respectively as described above (A' - means the longer wall and B' - the shorter one) - results from the thickness of the insulation layer formed by PUR foam used between the inner casings constituting the light - lumen of the hole of outlet, cowl and it was determined, on the basis of experimental tests, that the best results are obtained when the length of the outer casing is the dimension - length a and b of the inner casing + double the thickness of the insulation layer, i.e. length a or b + 2* the thickness of the insulation layer between the casings - this insulation thickness is preferably from 30 mm to 55 mm, the best results are obtained with a value of 50 mm as described in the examples.

[0012] The minimum steel sheet thickness for the inner and outer casing of the duct of roof outlet - cap, base, cowl, is 0.5 mm, preferably 0.5 mm, as shown in the examples. In the duct of the outlet at least one technical hole can be performed into the part of wall - wall section, allowing for assembly or provision of installation as required. Furthermore, such hole can also be performed in the cover to facilitate installation. Additionally, in the case of a straight duct of roof base, such hole can be performed for the purpose of leading out the installation or installing an air intake - intake port - channeling that is an element of the ventilation system that is used to intake air from outside the building.

[0013] The roof outlet - base, cowl is equipped with a flange on the lower side i.e., the ceiling of roof in the form of a flared collar - cambering / curved - bent that adheres to the ceiling roof. The collar - flange therefore enables connection of the roof outlet / base - cowl to the ceiling. In addition, what is important according to the invention, the flange is not an additional element but an extended part of the outer casing and inner casing. This means that the "collar"- flange is an extension also known as continuation of walls of the casings - jackets.

[0014] Both casings are extended and this additional length, said extension, is bend of the casings that is perpendicular to the duct od the outlet / base / cowl. Depending on the requirements, the resulting flange can be folded outside - curved outside the roof outlet-base, i.e., the outer / outside casings outward - externally and the inner / inside casings outside - outward - externally toward the ceiling insulation. In the said embodiment of the flange - the flange is an extension of the wall of both casings toward the ceiling insulation. In another embodiment of forming flange, there is extension and bent perpendicularly toward the base cap - toward the inside of the base also known as cowl / outlet - toward the insulation inside the outlet / cowl, the walls of the outer and inner casings, thus creating a collar inside the outlet. This means toward the ventilation, air conditioning, sanitary, electrical, and sewage ducts.

[0015] Additionally, along - in the part of the length of the formed collar, in each embodiment, the inner casing with outer casing of the duct overlap at the section and at the point of contact the casing - touching each other, and are joined together by welding. This connection is formed at the lower part of the base - cowl / outlet in the part of point of contact with roof ceiling and in the part where the two extended and bent casings - jackets meet - contact each other. Both walls of the extended casings sides, in the collar / flange-forming section, in both embodiments, touch and overlap each other by a minimum distance of from 25 mm and a maximum of 50 mm in each collar forming embodiment - externally - outside and internally - inside. In addition to the overlap of the extended casings walls, above the ceiling the collar extends further, i.e. the walls if inner casing internally - innerly - inside - inward or walls of the outside o outward casing - externally - outside by a distance ranging from 25 mm to 75 mm. In line with this, the total length of the collar from the length of the beginning of the overlap of the casings - jackets to the end of the collar - outside or inside - is from 75 to 100 mm inwards - inside from the wall of the inner casing - jacket, or from 75 mm to 100 mm outwards - outside from the wall of the outer casing - jacket, depending on the collar embodiment - inward - inside towards the installation - ducts: ventilation, air conditioning, sanitary, electrical or outwards - outside - toward ceiling insulation.

[0016] It was determined during the experimental study for providing the invention, that the total length of the collar in the case of forming it outside / outward - externally is: dimension A' / B' + 2x100mm or a / b + 2x150mm. In the case of forming it internally - inside - inward - inner casing, dimension A' / B' is - 2x150mm or a / b is - 2x100mm. In both cases, the collar length is preferably approximately 2x100mm.

[0017] The length of the straight duct - pipe of the base- outlet / cowl, including the dimensions a / b and A' / B' and the length of the collar extending outward - outside, i.e., outward from the outer casing - jacket, i.e., the lengths A" and B" accordingly of the back and front and side - lateral walls of the duct of the base-outlet-cowl, respectively, results from the thickness of the PUR foam insulation layer formed between the casings-jackets and the previously described values of the inner jacket a and b. Based on experimental studies, it was determined that the best results are achieved when: front / back and side dimensions - i.e., dimensions of performed outside / external dimension a and b of the inner casing + the thickness of the insulation layer used from the previously specified range and twice the value of 100mm, or dimensions performed internal / inside a and b of the inner casing - twice the value of the collar, preferably 100mm. This means the dimensions "a" or "b" + the thickness of the foam insulation layer + 2x100mm.

[0018] The calculated dimensions are presented in Table 1 for a rectangular hole in the front wall of the straight duct. Table 1AInner / inside casing - jacket dimensions of duct of the outlet / base / cowlOuter / outside casing - jacket dimensions of duct of the outlet / base / cowlSide dimensions with flange - collar A", B" mmCover / lid dimensionsa, b, mmA', B' mmA‴, B‴ mm100 ÷ 4000"a" or "b" + 2x + 2x foam insulation layer thickness"a" or "b" + "a" or "b" + foam insulation layer thickness + 2x100 mm"a" or "b" + foam insulation layer thickness + 2x60 mm Table 1B - continuation of Table 1A Dimesion of hole - widthDimesion of hole - hightDimension e, mmCable height up to frame - box - profileHeight of the base / cowl / outletc mmd mmL, mmL', mmmaxmaxFoam insulation layer thickness +60 mm100-5000mmL + insulation thickness +30mm"a" or "b-2x30mmL-30 mm (distance from the upper - top edge - side)L-130mm (distance from the lower - bottom Edge - side)

[0019] The provided dimensions are presented in Table 2 for a case where a circular hole is made in the front wall of the straight duct. Table 2Dimensions of the inner casing - jacket of duct -Dimensions of the outer casing - jacket of duct -Side dimension with flange - collarDimensions of the cover -a, b, mmA', B' mmA", B" mmA"', B‴ mm100 ÷ 4000"a" or "b" + 2x thickness of the foam insulation layer"a" or "b" + thickness of the foam insulation layer + 2x100 mm"a" or "b" + 2x thickness of the foam insulation layer + 2x60 mmDimension of the circular holeDimensionDuct height to the frame profileBase height of the outlet / cowl / basefi, mme,mmL,mmL', mm"a" or "b" -2 x 30 mmThickness of the foam insulation layer + 60 mm100- 5000 mm"L"+ th. insulation layers +30 mmL-30 mm (distance from the upper - top edge / side)L-130 mm (distance from the bottom - lower edge - side)

[0020] Example calculations for flange dimensions are shown in Table 3. Table 3Flange - collar from outside - outward flange:CalculationsExample data:1000+2*50=1100mmA=1000mma+2*(thickness of insulation) = A'1100+2*75=1250mmB=500mm1000+2*50+2*75=1250 mmInsulation thickness =50mmA'+2*(flange)=A"a+2*(thickness of insulation)+2*(flange)= A"500+2*50=600mmflange =75mm600+2*75=750mmb+2*(thickness of insulation) = B'500+2*50+2*70=750m mB'+2*(flange)=B"b+2*(thickness of insulation)+2*(flange)= B"Collar / flange - from inside / inward flange:1000-2*75=850mma-2*(flange) =A"1100-2*50=1000mmA'-2*(insulation thickness)=a1100-2*50-A'-2*(insulation thickness)-2*75=850mm 500-2*(flange)=A"2*75=350mmb-2*(flange) =B"600-2*50=500mmB'-2*(insulation thickness)=b600-2*50-B'-2*(insulation thickness)-2*75=350mm2*(flange)=B"

[0021] A wall plug - block - rawlplug is preferably used to permanently attach the base to the ceiling.

[0022] The roof base also known as cowl / outlet / cap is equipped with a cover - lid, which also is equipped with a drip cap - eaves. The cover is also pre-insulated internally - inside with polyurethane foam with a provided thickness between the casings / jackets ranging from 25 to 100 mm, preferably from 30 mm to 55 mm; the best results are achieved with a value of 50 mm. The dimensions of the inner casing / jacket of the cover are from 100 to 4000 mm, and the dimensions of the outer casing / jacket of the cover are length a or b + thickness of the insulation layer. Furthermore, the dimensions of the outer casing of the cap with the with a drip cap - eaves A‴ and B‴ depend on the lengths a and b + 2 * thickness of the PUR foam insulation layer + 2 * 60 mm. The dimension of the drip cap - eaves itself, according to the invention, is the thickness of the insulation layer + 60 mm.

[0023] Detailed data is provided in Table 4. Table 4Inner - inside casing of the cover dimensionsExternal - outside casing of the cover dimensionsOutside / outer casing of cover dimensionsDrip cap - eaves dimensionsa, b, mmA', B' mmA‴, B‴ mme, mm100 ÷ 4000"a" or "b" + foam insulation layer thickness"a" or "b" + foam insulation layer thickness + 2x60 mmfoam insulation layer thickness +60 mm

[0024] The duct of the base / outlet / cowl and cover are constructed of an inner casing and an outer casing made of galvanized steel sheet, preferably DX51D with a Z275 zinc coating. Between them is a polyurethane foam (PUR) insulation layer with the dimensions 25-100 mm thick, preferably 50 mm thick.

[0025] The cover is made of steel sheet with a minimum thickness of 0.50 mm.

[0026] Furthermore, at the opposite end of the roof base / cowl / outlet, relative to the flange location, along the straight duct of the outer casing and the inner casing of the roof outlet, as well as at the ends of the cover casings a frame (flanged / collar frames) is attached in the inner casing and outer casing accordingly. The frames on the inner casing are located / inverted - face towards the insulation layer between the casings, while the frame on the outer casing is attached in outside direction of the outlet - towards the outside of the outlet, i.e., towards the ceiling insulation. Due to their construction, the frames are pushed onto - skewer - onto the casing and then permanently secured by know mean preferably using a crimping tool (clincher). The frames are made of P-20 or P-30 profiles and corresponding N-20 or N-30 corners, preferably galvanized steel sheet, preferably DX51D+Z275 grade according to PN-EN 10346:2015. The range of application of the individual flange frame sizes is given in Tables 5, 6A, and 6B.

[0027] According to the invention, a rule - formula is used to determine the frame type (flanged / collar frames): the length of the longest side of the inner casing a / b determines which P-20 or P-30 profile will be used. If the length of the side a / b of the inner casing is 1200x700, the P20 profile is used in both casings, and if a / b is 1600x400, the P-30 profile is used. Table 5Duck side dimensions a, b, mm100 ÷ 15001501 ÷ 4000P-20 ; N-20P-30 ; N-30

[0028] Said ending / end- termination of the roof outlet of duct and cover casings - at the connection of roof outlet-cover, roof outlet-foam layer - cover connections enables simple and quick connection of ventilation ducts terminated with a flanged frame.

[0029] If necessary, it is possible to create a roof outlet-cowl-base from several straight duct modules in a vertical direction. This involves constructing a roof outlet and then extending its height with another element similar in structure to the lower part of the roof outlet, except that this is a duct with an inner and outer casings terminated with frames at both ends (straight duct with foam insulation-system). In this case, two frames are installed along the length of the roof outlet of straight duct.

[0030] The specified frame dimensions are provided in Table 6. Table 6The frame size range (flanged / collar frames) - profiles that create the frame-frame created by the profilesDuct side dimensions a, b, mm100 ÷ 15001501 ÷ 4000P-20 + N-20P-30 + N-30 Table 6 B Frame size (profiles that create the frame) - dimension range - exampleDuct side dimensions a x b, mm800 x 5002000 x 1200P-20 + N-20P-30 + N-30

[0031] A seal is placed on the frame - both on the frame in the inner casing and in the outer casing - in location, where the frame profiles of the ventilation duct of the outlet and the cover meet with to each other - connect. The seal is preferably made of cellular polycarbonate. The seal enables to create a tight connection in a case when the outlet / cowl / base is extended in height. According to the invention, each frame - on the outer and inner casing sides - preferably has a seal - both in the frames made in relation to the outer and inner casings, preferably made of cellular polycarbonate.

[0032] If necessary, it is possible to construct a roof outlet from two and several straight duct modules in a vertical direction - perpendicularly. This involves constructing a roof base / outlet, then extending created part in height with each other element similar in structure to the lower part of the created before roof outlet, except that it is a duct with an inner and outer casing terminated with the frames at both ends of construction created by two elements. In this case, along the length of the created straight duct of the roof base / outlet the two frames are provided.

[0033] The invention is shown in more details in the drawing and in the examples. The drawing shows: Fig. 1A Axonometric view of three walls of a straight duct of the base / outlet / cowl with a cover - lid Fig. 1B Axonometric view of three walls of a straight duct of the base / outlet / cowl with a cover - lid Fig. 2A Axonometric view of the entire invention with a technical hole Fig. 2B Axonometric view of the entire invention with a round technical hole Fig. 3A Axonometric view of the entire invention with a rectangular technical hole and showing the dimensions Fig. 3B Axonometric view of the entire invention with a round technical hole and showing the dimensions Fig. 3C Axonometric view of the entire invention without a technical hole Fig. 4 View of the cover - lid only Fig. 5 - cover / lid in another variant with a hole Fig. 6-11 longitudinal section - cross section - through the invention showing the frame in various embodiment, where Fig. 9 shows a cross-section without a technical hole, Fig. 10 cross-section through the roof base / cowl / outlet showing the hole in the cover - lid, Fig. 11 cross-section with a technical hole, Fig. 12A cross-section showing the collar-flange and mounting to the ceiling in the embodiment with the flange facing outwards / outside towards the external casing / jacket 2, Fig. 12B cross-section with the flange / collar facing inside / inward, for mounting the installation - to the internal casing 1, Fig. 13A cross-section of the roof outlet through the flange / collar with dimensions in the cross-section, in the variant with the flange turned outwards / outside, towards the ceiling insulation, Fig. 13B in the variant with the flange turned inwards towards / inside the installation, Fig. 14 longitudinal section showing both casings / jackets, Fig. 15 roof outlet with a straight duct, on which the cap for roof outlet is marked as follow: 1 - cap; 2 - straight duct; 3 - roof base / cowl / outlet, Fig. 16 view of the actual structure with the installation layer inside - view of the actual structure with the installation inside, Fig. 17 - cross-section of the ducts showing the frame - flange connection, Fig. 18 - elements for making the frame, also called the flange connection. Fig. 19 Temperature distribution in the analyzed geometry. Fig. 20 Temperature distribution in the lower part of the analyzed geometry.

[0034] Figure number explanation: 1. Inner layer in the form of inner / inside casing also known as inside jacket 2. Outer layer in the form of outer / outside casing also known as outer / outside jacket - covering duct 3. Polyurethane foam PUR insulation layer - insulation between casings - also known as insulation 4. Flange of the invention - roof outlet / base / cowl / cap - also known as collar, which adheres to the roof ceiling / ceiling after installation of the invention - after attaching the invention adheres to the roof ceiling 5. Roof insulation layer- ceiling layer of insulation 6. Roof ceiling - roof / ceiling 7. Frame ("box") of the flange connection of the inner casing 8. Frame of the flange connection of the outer casing 9. Cover also known as a lid with eave / eaves also known drip cap 10. Technical hole - gap in the insulated duct of the invention - roof outlet / base / cowl 11. Seal also known as gasket mounted between the frame of flange connection of the inner and outer casing 12. Wall plug also known as rawlplug / expansion plug - "block"

[0035] Frame of flange connection created by profiles as follows: P profiles and N corners. The invention is known as outlet also known as base, cap, cowl.Example 1

[0036] As shown in Fig. 1-2, the invention - roof outlet / cowl / base / cap is composed of: inner casing 1, outer casing 2, between which there is a layer of polyurethane foam insulation 3. As shown in Fig. 16, inside the roof outlet / base the installation is provided - led - from the inner casing 1. On the side of the roof ceiling 6, flange / collar 4 of the roof outlet is provided / created, which after being provided / created - attached adheres to the roof ceiling 6 and the insulation layer 5 of the ceiling 6.

[0037] The flange / collar 4 in two possible embodiments of the invention, depending on the casing / jacket, is shown in Fig. 12-13, where the best variant is the invention shown in Fig. 14, i.e. in a case when the flange 4 is made to - towards - the outer casing / jacket 2. The dimensions of the casing 4 are shown in Fig. 13A and B.

[0038] The length of the flange 4 in the example is 100 mm, and in both embodiments with the flange-collar 4 made towards the outer casing - Fig. 12A and towards the inner casing 2 - Fig. 12B, the length of the flange / collar 4 is 100 mm. The inner casing 1 and the outer casing 2 of the duct overlap with each other in the section and at the contact / joint section / point, and are connected to each other by welding, and the length of the section is 30 mm in each of these examples (Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B).

[0039] As shown in Figs. 6-11, the frame 7 is provide / made - constructed for the inner casing 1 and the frame 8 for the outer casing 2, respectively. This frame is referred to as a flange connection so it made flange connection.

[0040] The cover 9 is equipped with a wall plug / rawlplug, shown in various embodiments in Figs. 4 and 5.

[0041] In both, the straight duct of the roof outlet / base / cowl / cap and the cover 9 there is made / provided the insulation layer 3 made of open-cell or closed-cell polyurethane foam. In this embodiment, it is a closed-cell polyurethane foam with a solid structure and is 50 mm thick. The foam contains two components: polyol 9758-X - a polyol blend containing catalysts, flame retardants, and blowing agents; and Isocianato H25C PMDI (polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate).

[0042] A technical hole 10 - a gap in the insulated duct of the roof base / outlet / cowl / cap - can be made, as shown in Figs. 2A and 2B. In another example, none hole is provided, as shown in Figs. 9 and 3.

[0043] A seal 11 is mounted between the frame 7 and 8, so the formed by the frame flanged connection between the inner and outer casings. The roof outlet / base / cowl / cap is attached to the ceiling 6 through the flange 4 with rawlplug 12 - bolt, as shown in Figs. 5-12. A technical hole 10 is made in the duct - with a rectangular or circular cross-section - Figs. 2A-2B. The roof outlet in the variant with hole10 with rectangular shape, into the wall is made of a duct terminated with the cover / lid with dimensions shown in Fig. 3B. Table 7 - Example dimensions of the roof outlet / base / cowl / cap - Fig. 3A - rangesInner casing / ja cket dimensio ns of ductOuter casing / jac ket dimensio ns of ductDimensi on of camberi ng / curv e - bent -that sets flangeLid / cover dimensi onsRectang ular hole widthHole heightDimen sionHeight of the cover cableOutl et heig hta, b, mmA', B' mmA", B" mmA‴, B‴mmc mmd mme ,mmL,mmL',mm100 ÷ 4000"a" or "b" + 2x thickness of the foam insulatio n layer"a" lub "b" + foam insulatio n layer thicknes s + 2x100 mm"a" lub "b" + foam insulatio n layer thicknes s + 2x60 mmmax "a" or "b-2x30m mmax L-30 mm (distanc e from the top / upp er edge)Foam insulat ion layer thickn ess + 60 mm100-1500mmL+ insul ation thick ness + 30m mL-130mm (distance from the bottom / lower edge) Example dimensions are shown Table 8 - fig. 3B

[0044] Dimensions for the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 - with a technical hole in the wall. In another embodiment, the roof outlet with a round hole in the wall is made in a duct terminated with a cap with the dimensions shown in Fig. 3A. Table 8 - Example dimensions of a roof cap with a round hole - Fig. 3BInner casing of the duct dimensions a x b, mmOuter casing of the duct dimensions A' x B' mmFlange dimensions A"x B" mmLid dimensions A‴ x B‴mmHole width c mmHole height d mmDimens ion e,mmDucthei ght up to lid L, mmOtlet heigh tL, mm1) 1000 x1100 x 6001300 x 8001220 x 720800400110150015805001000 x 9001050 x 9501120 x6004002) 900 x 8001900 x 8001950 x 8501020 202015004003) 1800 x850 x 650900 x 700x 920 9706004007001600 x 7001650 x 750x 77010004004) 750 x 5501720 x 8205) 1500 x 600 Table 9 - example ranges of dimensions of a roof cover with a circular hole in the front - fig. 3B - ranges Inner casing dimensions a, b, mmOuter casing dimension A', B' mmFlange dimensio n A", B" mmCover dimensi on A‴, B‴ mmCircular hole dimensio n fi, mmDimesion e, mmL, mm Height of coverHeig ht of outl et L', mm100 ÷ 4000"a" or "b" + thickness of foam insulation layer"a" or "b" + thickness of foam insulatio n layer + 2x100 mm"a" or "b" + 2x thickne ss of foam insulati on layer + 2x60 mm"a" or "b" -2 x30 mm L-30 mm ( distance from the top / upp er edge )thickness of foam insulatio n layer +60 mm100-1500 mm"L"+ thick ness of foa m insul atio n layer +30 mmL-130 mm (odleg oś ć od dolnej kraw dzi )Tolerance dimension according to the norm - standard PN-EN 1505:2001 Example dimensions are presented in table 9 - Table 10

[0045] a, b, mmA', B', mmA", B", mmA‴, B"', mmfi, mme, mmL, mmL', m m100 ÷ 4000a or b + 2 x thickness of foam insulation layera or b + 2 x thickness of foam insulation layer + 2 x (≥) 100a or b + 2 x thickness of foam insulation layer + 2 x 80a or b - 30thickness of foam insulation layer + 60100 ÷ 1500L + thickness of foam insulation layer + 30Tolerancje wymiarów wed ug PN-EN 1505:2001 Example dimension:

[0046] Tabel 11Inner casing of duct dimension a, b, mmOuter casing of duct dimensi on A', B' mmFlange dimension A", B"mmCover dimen sion A‴,B‴mmfi, mm Circular opening dimensi onDimension n e, mmHeight of cover L, mmHeight of outlet L', mm2000 x 10002100 x 11002300 x 12002220 x 122026011010001080

[0047] In cover - lid it can be made hole what was shown in fig. 5 - example dimensions are shown in example. Example dimension - fig. 5 - table 12:a x b, mmA' x B', mmA‴ x B"', mmfi, mme, mm1) 500 x 500600 x 600720 x 7201701102) 600 x 600700 x 700820 x 8201703) 1500 x 7001600 x 8001720 x 9202*1702200 x 11002320 x 12202*1704) 2100 x 1000

[0048] Frame 4 was constructed at - on height L, equal to the lengths of sides a / b and sides A' / B'. The length of flange 4 outside - outward is A" / B", i.e., A' / B'+2*100.

[0049] Furthermore, along the length of the straight duct, shown in Figures 1, 17-18, a frame (or flange frames) was constructed. The frames used in the inner casing 1 and outer casing 2 - 7.8 - are made of profiles in the shape shown in Figure 17 - P-20 or P-30 steel, and N-20 or N-30 corners, made of galvanized steel sheet, grade DX51D+Z275 according to the PN-EN 10346:2015 standard. The range of used of the individual sizes of frame flange profiles is given in the table. Ranges of used frame - table 13.Side of duct dimension a, b, mm100 ÷ 15001501 ÷ 4000P-20 + N-20P-30 + N-30 Ranges of used frame - example dimension - table 14. Side of duct dimension a x b, mm800 x 5002000 x 1200P-20 + N-20P-30 + N-30

[0050] The construction of the frame is shown in fig. 17-18. Table 15Inner casing of duct dimension a, b, mmOuter casing of duct dimen sion A', B' mmFlange dimensi on A", B"mmCover dimensi on A‴, B‴mmCircle hole dimensio n fi, mmDim ensi onr e,mmDuct height up to center module L,mmHeigh t of modul e L1, mmHeight of outlet L', mm1) 2000 x 10002100 x 11002300 x 12002220 x 72026011010005001580160120050017802) 750 x 550900 x 700970 x 7701609006001580850 x 6503151000100020803) 850 x 7501000 x 9001070 x 9702009505501580950 x 8501150 x1220 x4) 1000 x 7501100 x 8509009703650 x 8503720 x 9205) 3500 x 7003600 x 800

[0051] Depending on the type of installation, the elements of the outlet / base / cowl can be made from prefabricated parts that can be freely combined or modified depending on requirements, needs: OPTION I: COVER SCREWED TO duct with screws and rivet nuts OPTION II: HINGED COVER - Hinged flap Option 1: COVER WITHOUT HOLES Option 2: COVER WITH HOLES - number, shape, and dimensions of holes according to the customer's specifications Side A: SIDES WITHOUT HOLES COVER without technical hole and without a cover Side B: SIDES WITH HOLES COVER with a rectangular or circular technical hole, prepared for mounting something for example an air intake / duct exhaust

[0052] The number of holes on each side of the outlet is optional.Example 2

[0053] Outlet is built similar as described before, above. Example range of provided dimensions - Fig. 3 a - table 16.a, b, mmA', B', mmA", B", mmA"', B‴, mmc, mmd, mmL, mmL', mm100 ÷ 4000a or b + 2 x thickness of the insulating layera or b + 2 x thickness of the insulating layer + 2 x (≥) 100a or b + 2 x thickness of the insulating layer + 2 x 80a - 30L-30100 ÷ 5000L + thickness of the insulating layer + 30Tolerance dimension according to the standards - rule PN-EN 1505:2001

[0054] Examples of the provided dimensions ranges are shown in Fig. 3c - Table 17:

[0055] The following dimensions are provided in examples.. a, b, mmA', B', mmA", B", mmA‴, B‴, mme, mmL, mmL', mm100 ÷ 4000a or b + 2 x thickness of the insulating layera or b + 2 x thickness of the insulating layer + 2 x (≥) 100a or b + 2 x thickness of the insulating layer + 2 x 80thickness of the insulating layer + 60100 ÷ 1500L + thickness of the insulating layer + 30Tolerance dimension according to the standards - rule PN-EN 1505:2001 Example dimensions are shown in fig. 3 a - table 18 a-b.

[0056] In following part of description there are shown example dimensions. A', B', mmA", B", mmA‴, B‴, mmfi, mme, mmL, mmL', mm100 ÷ 4000a or b + 2 x thickness of the insulating layera or b + 2 x thickness of the insulating layer + 2 x (≥) 100a or b + 2 x thickness of the insulating layer + 2 x 80a or b - 30thickness of the insulating layer + 60100 ÷ 5000L + thickness of the insulating layer + 30Tolerance dimension according to the standards - rule PN-EN 1505:2001 Inner casing of duct dimension a, b, mmOuter casing of duct dimension A', B' mmFlange dimensi on A", B" mmCover dimension A‴, B‴ mmCircular hole dimension fi, mmDime nsion r e, mmHeigh t of cover' s duct L, mmHeight of roof outlet L', mm6.2000 x 10002100 x 11002300 x 12002220 x 72026011010001080850 x 650160120012807.750 x 550950 x 850900 x 700970 x 7701609009801100 x 8501070 x 970315100010803600 x 8001000 x 90020095010308.850 x 7501220 x 9701150 x 9009.1000 x 7503650 x 8503720 x 920 Example 3 - CHARACTERISTICS, PROPERTIES STUDIESOutlet / base / roof cowl effectiveness testing - study

[0057] The outlet escribed in Example 1 was subjected to an effectiveness test.Description of the tightness and strength studyTested characteristics

[0058] Tightness and strength of the outletMethodology of study

[0059] The outlet strength was analyzed and tested in accordance with the PN-EN 1507:2007 standard. The requirements for strength and tightness included the maximum static pressure limits for the Low Pressure execution class.

[0060] The tested pipe was subjected to static pressures of -500 Pa (by "sucking" air from the system) and +1000 Pa (by forcing air into the system).

[0061] The pressure holding time was 600 s.Results

[0062] The study - test showed no permanent deformation of the duct manufactured according to the invention, no sudden changes in pressure performed in the study, and no air leakage.

[0063] Description of the fire retardancy experiment, study.

[0064] Test method according to PN-EN 13823+A1:2014; PN-EN ISO 11925-2:2020-09.

[0065] The tested sample of the invention comprising the components described before - elements of the outlet / base / cowl was exposed in a special furnace - oven by surface frame and edge-on flame for approximately 10 minutes.

[0066] The gained during study resulting classification report is valid for end-use applications in accordance with the technical requirements for buildings and their location, and for a product that is "non-flammable, non-dripping, non-falling under the influence of fire, and non-spreading fire inside buildings" according to the Regulation of the Polish Minister of Infrastructure of April 12, 2002 (Journal of Laws No. 75 of June 15, 2002, item 690, as amended). At the same time, the product is assessed as fire-resistant.

[0067] Test description - material strength of the insulating layer of casing - jacketed of the base / outlet / cowl samples with an insulating barrier.

[0068] Scope of testing according to PN-EN 1607:2013 Thermal insulating products for building applications - Determination of tensile strength perpendicular to faces PN-EN 1604:2013 Thermal insulating products for building applications - Determination of dimensional stability under specified temperature and humidity conditions PN-EN 1602:2013 Thermal insulating products for building applications - Determination of apparent density.

[0069] The scope of testing - study of the pre-insulated outlet included: determination of apparent density, strength - persistence in the side in a single-tested sample, one sample configuration, dimensional stability after 24 hours at +100°C.

[0070] The results are presented in the table below.

[0071] The table shows that the tested invention - outlet samples meet the requirements of the relevant standard. Table 19Strength of the outlet / base / cowlNo permanent deformation and no sudden change in tightnessDurability- zinc coating weight, g / m 2< - zinc coating thickness, µm≥ 275PN-EN 10346:2015,20 (tolerancja wg PN-EN 10346)PN-EN ISO 2808:2020PN-EN 1602:2013Apparent density (PUR foam core), kg / m 3< ≥ 50Dimensional stability (PUR foam core), after 24 h at +100°C, %, in the following directions:PN-EN 1604:2013- length and width±2- thickness±10Tensile strength perpendicular to the faces (layered samples with a PUR foam core), kPa≥ 35PN-EN 1607:2013Thermal conductivity coefficient - ratio at 10°C (polyurethane - PUR foam core), λD, W / m·K0,020 ÷ 0,025PN-EN 12667:2002Fire classification in terms of reaction to fireB-s3,d0PN-EN 13501-1:2019

[0072] Table 19 shows that the tested roof outlet - cowl, its performance properties such as tightness and strength, coating durability, fire resistance, tensile strength, density, dimensional stability, and thermal conductivity meet the requirements of building law for this group of construction products.Example 4

[0073] Study - tests and simulation calculations of temperature distribution in a ceiling with an integrated outlet / cowl of chimney according to the invention - presented in the examples - were performed to check moisture condensation on the air-contact surfaces of the partition.

[0074] Simulation calculations of temperature distribution were performed for a cross-section of the external ceiling with an integrated - built in - chimney outlet / cowl.Test procedure and conditions

[0075] Simulation tests of temperature distribution in the above-mentioned geometry were performed in a program that uses the finite element method for numerical calculations. After entering the geometry into the program, a numerical grid was developed and the necessary assumptions for the calculations were entered. The thermal conductivity coefficients - ratios of the materials were assumed as shown in the table. Table 20. Thermal conductivity coefficients - ratios of ceiling materials used in calculations.MaterialThermal conductivity coefficient, ratio / k W / (mK)sheet metal50PUR foam0.022tar paper0.18reinforced concrete1.7

[0076] Additionally, it was necessary to adopt boundary - edge conditions. It was agreed that unfavorable external conditions prevail above the ceiling and in the chimney, i.e., an outside air temperature of tzp = 24°C. The following internal air conditions were also assumed in the room beneath the ceiling: air temperature twp = 24°C and relative humidity cp = 75%. The internal temperature and humidity conditions assumed for the calculations were the most unfavorable that could occur in a typically used apartment. Furthermore, heat transfer coefficients at the external and internal surfaces had to be assumed, which were standard, as specified in the PN-EN ISO 6946:2017-10 standard - Building components / elements - Thermal resistance and heat transfer coefficient - Calculation methods. According to this document, for the upward heat flow direction, the heat transfer coefficient on the exterior side is 25 W / (m 2< K) (taking into account forced convection above the ceiling), while on the interior side it is 10 W / (m 2< K) (taking into account free convection below the analyzed ceiling).

[0077] First, simulation calculations of the temperature distribution in the given geometry were performed under the boundary conditions given above. The temperature field in the geometry is shown in Fig. 19, and an enlarged fragment of the lower part of the ceiling is shown in Fig. 20.

[0078] The main goal of the calculations was to determine the temperature values at the lower part of the ceiling, at the base. This temperature distribution is shown in Fig. 19. Additionally, the internal air temperature value (24°C) is marked in Fig. 20 as a yellow line. For air with a temperature of twp = 24°C and relative humidity cp = 75%, the dew point temperature is 19.3°C. From figures 19-20 and the test it can be concluded that at the outdoor air temperature tzp = - 24°C and the indoor air temperature twp = 24°C and the relative humidity of the indoor air 9 = 75%, the ceiling surface temperature in the area under the installed ventilation shaft will be above the dew point temperature, i.e. there will be no condensation of moisture on the ceiling in the entire area covered by the calculation thanks to such a roof outlet-base / cowl / cap.

Claims

1. Roof outlet comprising primarily of a straight duct, within which building installation ducts are provided, and the straight duct comprises an outer layer and an inner layer in the form of casings, between which an insulation layer of open-cell or closed-cell polyurethane foam is formed, and the outlet is equipped with a cover, characterized in that the duct comprising straight duct which is pre-insulated with polyurethane foam inside, the duct is rectangular in cross-section, formed by two side walls that are front wall and back wall, wherein the length "a" of the inner casing (1) of the front and back walls of the straight duct of outlet and the length "b" of the side walls is from 100 to 4000 mm, preferably from 250 mm to 2800 mm, while the length A' and the length B' of the outer casing (2) of the roof outlet duct with the thickness of the inner casing (1) is equal to the length "a" or "b" increased by 2 times of the thickness of the insulation layer (3) formed between the casings, and furthermore the minimum thickness of the steel sheet metal of the inner casing (1) and the outer casing (2) of duct of the roof outlet is 0.5 mm, preferably 0.5 mm, while the roof outlet is provided from the roof ceiling side with a flange (4) in the form of in the form of a flared collar, which adheres to the ceiling, which constitutes a continuation of the outer casing (2) and the inner casing (1) in a direction perpendicular to the outlet duct so that the flange (4) constitutes cambering of the casings outwards or inwards the outlet towards the installation, and furthermore, on a part of the length of the formed flange (4), the inner casing (1) and the outer casing (2) of the duct overlap with each other at a distance of minimum 25 mm and maximum 50 mm and are connected to each other at the section of contact, and the total length of the flange (4) from the length of the beginning of the casings' overlap up to the end of the flange outwards or inwards is from 75 to 100 mm to inside from the wall of the inner casing (1) or from 75 mm to 100 mm outside from the wall of the external casing (2), and furthermore, the cover with an eave (9) is constructed from an inner casing (1) and outer casing (2), between which a layer of polyurethane foam insulation is created with a thickness between the casings of 25 ÷ 100 mm, preferably from 30 mm to 55 mm, and dimensions A‴ and B‴ of the outer casing (2) of the cover with the eave (9) are equal to the length "a" or "b" and twice the thickness of the foam insulation layer together with twice the length of 60 mm, while along the length of the straight duct of the outer casing (2) and the inner casing (1) of the roof outlet duct and at the ends of the cover's casings, a frame is attached towards the outside of the outlet that is comprising with an outer part (8) and an inner part (7), respectively, made of galvanized steel sheet.

2. The outlet according to claim 1, wherein the total length of the flange (4) is A' / B' + 2x100mm or a / b +2*150mm in a case of the outwards created version, while the length is A' / B' - 2x150mm or a / b - 2*100mm in a case of inwards created version.

3. The outlet according to claims 1-2, wherein the frame is constructed of P-20 or P-30 profiles and N-20 or N-30 corners, with dimensions such that if the side length a / b of the inner casing (1) is 1200x700mm, the P20 profile is used in both casings, while if a / b is 1600x400mm, the P-30 profile is used.

4. The outlet according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the lengths A" and B" of the straight duct of the outlet, including the dimensions a / b and A' / B' and the length of the flange (4) outwards the outer casing (2) result from the thickness of the insulating layer between the casings and are dimensions "a" and "b" of the inner casing (1) increased by the thickness of the insulating layer and twice the value of 100 mm.

5. The outlet according to any of claims 1-4, wherein the length "a" of the inner casing (1) of the front and back walls of the straight duct of the outlet and the length "b" of the side walls are 1500 mm x 2800 mm.

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