Roof structure having mounting frame
Patent Information
- Application Number
- EP2024715449
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-03-24
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-11
Smart Images
Figure EP2024057314_03102024_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
[0001] Description
[0002] ROOF STRUCTURE WITH INSTALLATION FRAME
[0003] The invention relates to a roof structure, a mounting frame therefor, and a method for producing such a roof structure. In particular, the invention relates to a roof structure suitable for the use of photovoltaic modules and allowing the installation of elements such as skylights, chimneys, or similar built-in and add-on elements by means of the mounting frame.
[0004] The term "roof structure" is used here generally to describe the arrangement of structural elements in the roof area of a building. The invention primarily refers to the roof covering or outer skin of the roof and the (supporting) structure immediately below it, rather than to the roof's supporting structure.
[0005] A common construction for pitched roofs includes a roof sheathing, usually supported by rafters, and a roof covering, usually made of overlapping roof tiles, supported on battens. This creates a closed covering that is impervious to weather influences such as rain and wind.
[0006] Various structures are known for harnessing solar radiation onto roof surfaces, such as solar thermal systems and photovoltaic systems. These are traditionally mounted on the roof above the roof covering using adapted support systems. Proposals have also been made for integrating solar radiation-harvesting elements, particularly photovoltaic modules, into the roof structure.
[0007] DE 10034655 Ai describes a device for harnessing solar energy, in which the roof covering is modified to create a free flow channel between two layers, through which air heated by solar energy flows. This is achieved by a double roof covering. The covering facing the sun consists of glass roof tiles. To simultaneously generate thermal energy and electrical energy, a radiation-absorbing layer can be formed as a photovoltaic layer.
[0008] WO 2019 / 168536 Ai describes the production of photovoltaic structures, and in particular photovoltaic roof tiles. Solar cells are encapsulated under glass covers. Photovoltaic roof tiles can be arranged overlapping and connected laterally by spacers. The spacers can have a groove on the top side that forms a visible gap between the roof tiles.
[0009] DE 202007000526 Ui describes a modular energy generation system. Several energy modules, such as solar thermal modules or modules operating according to the photovoltaic principle, are arranged side by side on an inclined mounting plane of a pitched roof. The energy modules are positioned around an external element such as a skylight. A separate mounting frame is provided for each energy module and each external element, and the mounting frame provides connecting means for mechanically connecting adjacent energy modules or for connecting the skylight to adjacent energy modules.
[0010] DE 19734346 describes a roof penetration flashing. A flashing frame comprises a lower part, side parts, and an upper frame part. The flashing frame defines an opening in the roof surface. A gutter frame rests on one side against a component penetrating the roof surface and is attached to the flashing frame by means of plug-in connections.
[0011] DE 44 44 439 Ai describes a solar energy system and a mounting element therefor. On the gable roof of a house, flat components such as photovoltaic modules or hot water collectors are arranged on both sides of the roof ridge and connected to each other across the ridge, so that the slope forces are approximately in static equilibrium in the area of the roof ridge. A mounting element for flat components of solar energy systems comprises a flat frame with a receiving opening corresponding to the circumference of the solar element and with devices for attachment to adjacent mounting elements. DE 19529351 A1 describes a device for attaching plate-shaped components, in particular solar modules and solar collectors, to sloping surfaces, especially on pitched roofs.The plate-shaped components are stacked lengthwise in a scale-like manner, with the front end of a component on top overlapping the rear end of the component below. The plate-shaped components are each suspended at their lower ends in hooks on profiles, with each profile having lateral support surfaces and a recess between them.
[0012] The task can be considered to be to specify a roof structure of simple construction that is suitable for the integration of photovoltaic modules and allows the easy installation or attachment of elements such as skylights or chimneys.
[0013] The object is achieved by a roof structure according to claim 1, a mounting frame according to claim 13 and a method according to claim 14. Dependent claims relate to advantageous embodiments of the invention.
[0014] The roof structure according to the invention comprises a structure into which a mounting frame is inserted. The structure of the roof structure comprises at least two, preferably more, parallel support gutters and overlapping panel elements resting thereon. The panel elements preferably form the upper edge of the roof skin, thus being exposed without any additional covering arranged above.
[0015] At least two support channels run parallel to each other in a longitudinal direction and are spaced apart from each other in a transverse direction. The support channels are each formed from aligned support channel sections with support areas. The ends of the support channel sections are arranged to overlap each other, forming overlapping areas. The plate elements are each arranged between two support channels so that they rest on the support areas of the support channel sections. The plate elements are arranged to overlap in the longitudinal direction of the support channels.
[0016] The support channels preferably have a channel shape. The support areas for the plate elements are preferably flat and arranged and designed such that the plate elements advantageously rest on the support channels along their entire length, either directly or preferably with a seal between them. The support areas are preferably located on both sides of the support channels, opposite each other.
[0017] The panel elements can be transparent covers, e.g., made of glass, in which case photovoltaic modules can be arranged beneath the panel elements, preferably at a distance from the panel elements. In an alternative, preferred embodiment, the panel elements themselves can be photovoltaic modules. A possible design is one in which a space protected by the transparent covers is formed beneath the panel elements, in which one or more photovoltaic modules are arranged. A preferred design is one in which the panel elements themselves are photovoltaic modules, but a closed interior space is nevertheless formed beneath them.
[0018] The aligned arrangement of the support channel sections, partially overlapping at the ends, creates a stepped arrangement that securely holds and supports the overlapping panel elements and, in particular, enables full-surface contact and sealing at the support channels. At the same time, the overlapping arrangement of the support channel sections enables a secure connection and straight alignment by interlocking the respective ends.
[0019] The support gutter sections can preferably be profiles of a consistently uniform shape, preferably made of metal, e.g. aluminum or steel. Drawn profiles, (extruded) profiles, rolled profiles or similar can be used, although sheet metal profiles bent in a press bench are preferred. The support gutter sections are preferably at least essentially the same length (i.e. with a maximum deviation of + / - 15%), although larger deviations can occur, particularly at the ends of the support gutters. The length of the support gutter sections can be, for example, 30 - 200 cm, preferably 40 - 120 cm, and particularly preferably 50 - 100 cm. The dimensions determine the length of the panel elements (measured in the direction of the roof pitch); here the above-mentioned length ranges have proven to be useful, although deviations from this are possible for different panel element formats.The overlap region, in which the front end of an upper support channel section is arranged to engage the rear end of a lower support channel section, preferably has a shorter length of less than 25%, preferably 15% or less, preferably 10% or less, relative to the lower and / or upper support channel section. In fact, even a small overlap of, for example, at least one centimeter is sufficient to achieve the desired stepped arrangement; an overlap length of, for example, 4-12 cm is preferred.
[0020] The plate elements rest on the support channels and are preferably secured there against displacement and lifting. For such securing, they can in principle be attached to the support channels in various ways, e.g. by form-fitting, screwing, clamping, gluing, or similar. In a preferred embodiment, hold-down devices can be arranged on the plate elements and connected to the support channels. The plate elements are thus held from at least two opposite sides, namely on the underside by resting on the support areas and on the top side by the hold-down devices. The hold-down devices can be designed, for example, as flat elements such as small plates, or preferably be elongated and extend longitudinally over the plate elements, preferably over their entire length. The hold-down devices can comprise an angled portion that engages around an edge of a plate element.The hold-down devices are preferably arranged on the edge of the plate elements, for example in the region of their corners. The hold-down devices can have bevels at their ends, with which aligned hold-down devices engage with one another. For example, an upper bevel can be formed at an upper end, preferably still directed upwards. A lower bevel can be formed at an opposite lower end, preferably still directed downwards. The bevels can engage with one another. One or both bevels can be provided for contact with a lower edge of a plate element in order to support it against slipping. The hold-down devices are preferably made of metal. A flexible intermediate layer, for example a sealing material, is preferably arranged between the hold-down devices and the plate elements in order to enable a distribution of the forces over the contact surface and to avoid any risk of damage to the plate elements.
[0021] The connection between the hold-down devices and the support channels can be established, for example, by a web, a wall, or—preferably—by a tension rod, in particular a threaded bolt. A hold-down device can preferably be arranged so that it overlaps two adjacent panel elements, thus securing both panel elements simultaneously.
[0022] It is in principle possible to arrange the hold-down devices in the area where two support channel sections overlap and to connect them there to the support channel, in particular to the upper of the overlapping support channel sections. Preferably, however, the hold-down devices are arranged adjacent to, but advantageously outside the area where two support channel sections overlap and are connected there to the support channel. The connection is preferably formed with the lower of the overlapping support channel sections, for example on a web attached there to opposite side walls. An adjacent arrangement is understood to mean that the hold-down device and / or a fastening element for this (such as a bolt or a screw) is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the support channel immediately in front of the overlap area or at a short distance (measured from the respective center of the hold-down device or fastening element to the edge of the adjacent overlap area) from, for exampleless than 10% of the length of the lower support channel section, preferably less than 5%, particularly preferably 3% or less. While it is possible to provide an element, such as a rod, penetrating the bottom of the support channel sections for fastening the hold-down device, the fastening preferably does not involve penetrating the wall of the support channel sections in order to maintain tightness.
[0023] The support channel sections can, in principle, have different cross-sectional shapes, for example, V-shaped. For the overlapping arrangement, stackability is required at least in the overlapping area, although this can also be achieved by widening if necessary. While the support channel sections can thus, for example, be shaped differently in the overlapping area than over the remaining length, they preferably have the same cross-sectional shape over their entire length, which is then preferably stackable. A trapezoidal cross-sectional shape of the support channel sections is particularly preferred, i.e. a straight base from which straight side walls extend at oblique, outward-facing angles. The cross-sectional shape is preferably symmetrical, so that the angles are the same on both sides. In a trapezoidal shape, the angles are more than 90° and are preferably in the range of 95 0 - 130°, more preferably 100 - 120°, particularly preferably around no° (+ / - 5 0). Although these shapes have proven particularly suitable, deviating designs are possible if necessary. The support areas can preferably extend from the side walls as outwardly directed folds, preferably parallel to the floor. The trapezoidal shape is particularly suitable because the resulting support channel sections can be manufactured inexpensively and precisely, offer good stability, and, in particular, the support channel sections can be easily nested to create the overlap. The straight contact surfaces on the walls and floor can be easily sealed against one another and / or fastened to one another if necessary.
[0024] The arrangement of the panel elements and the support channel sections is preferably such that a closed, preferably sealed interior space is formed beneath the panel elements. For this purpose, it is preferred that the panel elements form a sealing connection with the support areas of the support channel sections, for example by means of a precisely fitting, flat contact or preferably by means of an interposed seal, for example made of flexible sealing material. Furthermore, the panel elements are also preferably arranged in a sealing connection with one another in the overlapping area, again by means of a precisely fitting contact or—preferably—by means of interposed sealing elements made of flexible sealing material. Thus, the interior space can be sealed from the upper side, preferably with a seal at least against splash water, and particularly preferably even at least substantially airtight or at least windtight.
[0025] Such a seal initially protects the roof from weather influences, such as wind and rain, but also allows for controlled airflow within the building. The air in the enclosed interior heats up when sunlight hits the roof, especially when sunlight passes through transparent covers. By directing the air within the building, heat can be dissipated, for example, to use it for heating purposes or similar purposes. Another important aspect of air flow is maintaining a favorable temperature range within the building for the proper functioning of the photovoltaic modules.By removing warm air, the photovoltaic modules, which are either - preferably - part of the interior enclosure as panel elements or alternatively arranged within the interior, are cooled during strong solar radiation, thus preventing overheating and allowing the photovoltaic modules to be operated efficiently within a favorable temperature range. According to one embodiment, pipes can be provided for air guidance. The pipes can also be part of the supporting structure for the support gutters. For this purpose, for example, the support gutters can be mounted on cross pipes, and the cross pipes can have openings on the top for the supply and removal of air from the interior. For example, a number of parallel cross pipes can be provided, each of which is alternately connected to supply and remove air from the interior, thus enabling circulation and continuous removal of heated air.Alternatively, the air can be guided through other forms of lines such as air ducts, hoses or pipes that are not part of the supporting structure.
[0026] The interior is preferably also closed off at the bottom, preferably by a floor that is spaced from the panel elements and preferably at least substantially parallel to them (the slight inclination possible due to the overlapping arrangement of the panel elements is still considered substantially parallel). The floor can, for example, be formed at least in part by one or more insulation panels. If the above-mentioned cross tubes are provided, insulation panels can preferably be arranged between the cross tubes, whereby it is possible for the insulation panels to overlap the cross tubes completely or partially.
[0027] Openings are preferably provided for supplying air into or removing air from the interior space. The openings can be formed, for example, as holes in the floor of the interior space. The supply and removal lines are preferably arranged at a distance from one another, preferably spaced apart in the longitudinal direction. The distance between the supply and removal lines preferably corresponds to at least 50% of the length of a panel element, more preferably at least the length of a panel element, and is particularly preferably greater than the length of a panel element.
[0028] The openings are preferably connected to air ducts, e.g. hoses, pipes, air ducts or similar.
[0029] When arranging photovoltaic modules in the interior, it is preferred that air-flow-through areas be formed both above and below the photovoltaic modules, i.e., the photovoltaic modules are preferably spaced apart from a cover arranged above and a floor arranged below. This allows the air flowing around the modules to maintain a desired operating temperature range for the photovoltaic modules. The photovoltaic modules can preferably be arranged on spacers in the interior, with the spacers more preferably being mounted on the cross tubes.
[0030] According to the invention, the roof structure comprises at least one installation frame inserted into the described structure. As explained above, the overlapping panel elements, preferably arranged in a row between two support gutters, form a continuous, sealed roof surface. Further preferably, a plurality of such rows of panel elements are arranged next to one another in the transverse direction to form the continuous roof surface. Preferably, a cutout is left open between two of the support gutters, into which the installation frame is inserted. Panel elements are preferably arranged longitudinally above and below the installation frame.
[0031] The installation frame, like the panel elements, is arranged between the support channels. The installation frame has two longitudinal frame parts arranged parallel and spaced from one another, each having support surfaces. The support surfaces extend in the longitudinal direction and are aligned such that they point in a depth direction. Preferably, the support surfaces are flat and extend at right angles to the depth direction, i.e., the surface normal is aligned in the depth direction, so that they are preferably arranged at least substantially parallel to the roof plane. The support surfaces are preferably strip-shaped and preferably extend over the entire length of the longitudinal frame parts.
[0032] The support surfaces each have at least two support surface sections arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction and a transition section between them. The support surface sections, adjacent to the transition sections, are offset from one another in the depth direction. For example, both support surface sections can be flat, but in planes offset from one another in the depth direction. The transition sections between the support surface sections preferably form a transition bridging the offset, which can, for example, be gradual, in the form of a ramp, curved, or—preferably—as a step.
[0033] This shape of the support surfaces enables them to rest on the support areas of the support channels, which are also offset due to the overlap of the support channels, whereby the transition sections are arranged at the overlap areas, preferably adjacent to them.
[0034] This provides an installation frame that seamlessly integrates with the rest of the roof structure. The large-area installation, preferably across essentially the entire length of the underlying support gutter sections, ensures high stability and good sealing.
[0035] The mounting frame is preferably closed at least at one longitudinal end, preferably all the way around. For this purpose, the longitudinal frame parts can be connected by transverse frame parts. The mounting frame is preferably rectangular, although other shapes, such as trapezoidal shapes, are also possible in principle. The transverse frame parts can also have support surfaces that point at least substantially in the depth direction. The support surfaces of the longitudinal and transverse frame parts preferably form a circumferential support frame.
[0036] Preferably, the installation frame has a circumferential wall that extends at least partially or substantially in the depth direction. "At least substantially" means that the orientation of the wall does not have to be exactly perpendicular to the longitudinal and transverse directions of the roof structure along all frame parts, but that an angle other than 90° is possible, for example, to compensate for the roof pitch, so that the wall extends vertically in the case of a sloped roof.
[0037] The support surfaces can be formed from multiple parts or components. For example, at the respective transition section of the support surfaces, a step or other transition between the support surface sections can be formed by additional elements such as a bridging sealing material or an attached transition part. Preferably, however, the support surfaces are formed in one piece, i.e. from continuous material, e.g. bent and / or folded sheet metal. The installation frame can be formed at least in sections from sheet metal. In particular, elements of the installation frame, e.g. support surfaces and wall, can be formed predominantly or entirely from sheet metal. The support surfaces can be formed as folds and provided in one piece with parts of the wall. Preferably, the support surfaces can be formed in one piece with the respective longitudinal or transverse frame part, e.g. from a bent / folded continuous piece of sheet metal.
[0038] According to a preferred embodiment, the installation frame can have an inwardly projecting collar. Such a collar can serve to support a structural element to be inserted into the installation frame, such as a skylight. The collar preferably has one or more supporting surfaces oriented counter to the depth direction. It can extend at least partially along the longitudinal and / or transverse frame parts, preferably over the entire length of at least two opposing frame parts. Particularly preferably, the collar is arranged circumferentially on all frame parts so that it projects inward into the installation frame.
[0039] The collar can preferably be attached to the wall of the mounting frame, particularly preferably formed integrally with it. The collar is preferably spaced apart from the support surfaces in the depth direction, so that elements bearing weight on it, such as skylights, can be installed recessed within the roof surface.
[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the support gutters of the roof structure are mounted on cross tubes, with at least one cross tube being interrupted in the area of the mounting frame. This allows the use of a mounting frame, for example, for a large skylight, that has a greater length in the longitudinal direction than the spacing of the cross tubes.
[0041] The method according to the invention provides for the production of the roof structure described above, which comprises the production of the described structure and the insertion of the installation frame therein. The formation of the structure comprises the steps of forming the support gutters from aligned and overlapping support gutter sections, arranging the support gutters on the roof surface, and overlapping the panel elements on the support areas of the support gutter sections. A installation frame with two parallel and spaced-apart longitudinal frame parts, each with support surfaces extending in the longitudinal direction and pointing in the depth direction, is arranged between the support gutters. The support surfaces each have at least two support surface sections arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction and a transition section between them.The support surface sections have an offset in the depth direction at the transition sections, preferably adjacent to each other.
[0042] The installation frame is arranged so that the support surfaces rest on the support areas and the transition sections are arranged at the overlapping areas.
[0043] The steps mentioned can be carried out in different orders.
[0044] Embodiments of the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the drawings:
[0045] Fig. i a roof structure with a roof structure according to a first embodiment, initially without installation frame, in a schematic side view of the roof area of a building with a pitched roof;
[0046] Fig. 2 shows a part of the roof structure from Fig. 1 in perspective view;
[0047] Fig. 3 is a side view of part of the roof structure of Fig. i, 2;
[0048] Fig. 4 is a view of the section through the roof structure along the section line A..A in Fig. 2;
[0049] Fig. 5 is a view of the section through the roof structure along the section line B..B in Fig. 2;
[0050] Fig. 6 is a view of the section through the roof structure along the section line C..C in Fig. 2; Fig. 7 is an exploded view of elements of the roof structure from Fig. 2 - 6
[0051] Fig. 8 shows a mounting frame in perspective view for the roof structure according to the first embodiment;
[0052] Fig. 9 in perspective view of the roof structure with a roof structure according to the first embodiment and an installation frame to be inserted therein;
[0053] Fig. 10 in perspective view of the roof structure from Fig. 9 with inserted installation frame;
[0054] Fig. 11, 12 sectional views of parts of the roof structure with the installation frame inserted according to Fig. 10;
[0055] Fig. 13 shows a second embodiment of a roof structure on a building with a pitched roof in a schematic side view;
[0056] Fig. 14 in side view of part of the roof structure from Fig. 13;
[0057] Fig. 15 the roof structure from Fig. 13, 14 in an exploded view;
[0058] Fig. 16 in perspective view parts of the roof structure according to Fig. 13-15;
[0059] Fig. 17 is a view of the section along the line D..D in Fig. 16;
[0060] Fig. 18 is a side view of the overlap of two day channel sections in the second embodiment according to Figs. 13-17;
[0061] Fig. 19a, 19b a support channel section of the second embodiment according to Fig. 13-18 in plan view and front view;
[0062] Fig. 19c shows an insert of the support channel section according to Fig. 19a, 19b in perspective view;
[0063] Fig. 20 shows a hold-down device of the second embodiment according to Fig. 13 - 19c in a perspective view;
[0064] Fig. 21 two interlocking hold-down devices of the second embodiment according to Fig. 13 -20 in perspective view
[0065] Fig. 22 in perspective view of the roof structure with a roof structure according to the second embodiment and an installation frame to be inserted therein.
[0066] Figures 1 - 12 show a first embodiment of a roof structure 10.
[0067] Figure 1 initially shows a schematic view of a roof structure 10 according to the first embodiment on a pitched roof of a building 12. A structure of the roof structure 10 is explained with reference to Figs. 1-7. Subsequently, a mounting frame 50 and its installation into the structure of the roof structure 10 are explained with reference to Figs. 8-12.
[0068] Here and in the following, the illustration focuses on the external roof structure, ie in particular the roof covering, independent of the supporting roof construction, of which only one of a plurality of roof beams 14 is shown here as an example.
[0069] The roof structure 10 comprises a substructure 30 with cross tubes 16 and insulation panels 18 arranged therebetween and a superstructure 32 fastened thereon with support gutters 20 (of which a support gutter 20 is shown in side view in Fig. 1) and panel elements 24 resting thereon.
[0070] The cross tubes 16 run perpendicular to the drawing surface of Fig. 1 in a direction which is referred to below as the transverse direction. A plurality of cross tubes 16 are arranged parallel to one another and regularly spaced from one another within the roof surface in a direction which is referred to here as the longitudinal direction. As a person skilled in the art will easily recognize, the roof structure 10 shown is a regularly repeating structure, each with a plurality of cross tubes 16, support gutters 20 and plate elements 24. In the drawings, only parts of the repeating structure are shown, for example in Figure 1 six parallel cross tubes 16 and in Figure 2 four parallel cross tubes 16 as well as three support gutters 20 and two rows of plate elements 24 arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction. In specific embodiments, this arrangement is continued and repeated as far as it corresponds to the dimensions of the roof surface.Furthermore, in order to improve the visibility of the elements, no side closures are shown in the drawings, although in the case of a complete roof structure 10 these are preferably present in the form of circumferential covers.
[0071] As can be seen in particular from Fig. 2, each of the support channels 20 is formed from support channel sections 22 aligned in the longitudinal direction. Each support channel section 22 is formed in one piece from a profile made of folded sheet metal, which in the preferred example is approximately 80 cm long, and has a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape throughout (which can also be seen from Fig. 4) with a flat base and two side walls projecting obliquely therefrom at opposite angles, from which outwardly projecting support regions 34 extend at the upper edge. The support channel sections 22 are, as can also be seen from Fig. 4, Fig. 5, arranged at their end regions overlapping and nested over a length of approximately 7 cm in the preferred example, so that overlapping regions 23 are formed.
[0072] The panel elements 24 are placed on the support areas 34, with a flexible seal interposed (not shown in the drawings). In the preferred embodiment shown, the panel elements 24 are flat, transparent glass panes. They form the upper end of the roof structure 10. The panel elements 24 bridge two adjacent support channels 20, each resting on the opposite support areas 34. Thus, enclosed interior spaces 36 are formed between the support channels 20 and below the panel elements 24, which are wind- and rain-tight from the outside.
[0073] The panel elements 24 are arranged to overlap one another in the longitudinal direction (Fig. 5), whereby, as shown in Fig. 2, the panel element 24 arranged higher in the direction of the roof slope covers the panel element 24 arranged below it over a few centimeters of overlap area 23. Flexible seals are arranged between the panel elements 24 in the overlap area 23.
[0074] The nested, partially overlapping arrangement of the support channel sections 22 enables the overlapping arrangement of the plate elements 24 resting thereon with full-surface contact with the support areas 34. The plate elements 24 are thus supported over their entire length (in the longitudinal direction), enabling a sealing support.
[0075] The panel elements are attached to the support channels 20 by retaining devices 26. As can be seen particularly in Figs. 4 and 5, the retaining devices 26 are beveled plates that rest on the upper side of the panel elements 24 and engage around their final edge, which points downwards in the longitudinal direction toward the roof slope. The retaining devices 26 are each arranged in the region of the lower longitudinal corners of the panel elements 24. Intermediate layers of a flexible plastic sealing material are placed between the retaining devices 26 and the panel elements 24 to prevent damage to the panel elements due to mechanical stress.
[0076] The hold-down devices 26 are held by hold-down bolts 38, which are fastened with screw nuts to crossbars 40, which are fastened in the support channel sections 22 between the side walls. The crossbars 40 are each fastened in the area of the rear ends of the support channel sections 22, but with some distance from the rear end, so that the hold-down devices 26 and hold-down bolts 38 are each arranged adjacent to the areas 23 of the overlap of the end sections of the support channel sections 22. As shown in Fig. 5 as an example for a hold-down device 26 with hold-down bolt 38 and crossbar 40, only a small distance remains in the longitudinal direction of the support channel sections 22 between the hold-down bolt 38 and the upper support channel section 22 of the overlap. In the transverse direction, as shown in Fig.4, the hold-down bolts 38 are centered within the support channels 20 and thus extend through the gap formed by two transversely adjacent plate elements 24. The hold-down bolts 26 overlap the gap and thus fix two plate elements 24 in place. The support channel sections 22 are each drilled through in the area of the floor at their rear section in the direction of the roof pitch and are fastened there to the cross tubes 16 by means of fastening bolts 42. As can be seen in particular from Fig. 5, the fastening bolts 42 are each arranged in the area 23 of the overlap of the support channel sections 22, so that the hole in the floor of the lower support channel section 22 is covered by the upper support channel section 22 arranged above it. Seals 44 are arranged between the support channel sections 22 in the overlap area 23.Thus, the fastening bolts 42 ensure permanent fastening of the support channels 20 while simultaneously maintaining their tightness. In the area 23 of each overlap, the lower support channel section 22 is secured by screwing to a support tube 16 and, in turn, secures the panel elements 24 resting thereon via the attached crosspiece 40.
[0077] The roof structure 10 is sealed against the elements described above and, if necessary, by seals arranged between them. Rainwater is drained away along the panel elements 24 and within the support gutter 20 toward the roof slope.
[0078] The interior spaces 36 are bounded in the transverse direction by the walls of the support channel sections 22, upwards by the plate elements 24 and downwards by a floor formed by the upper sides of the insulation panels 18 and the cross pipes 16. In the longitudinal direction, the interior spaces 36 are continuous below the individual plate elements 24, but closed and sealed at the ends (not shown).
[0079] Plate-shaped photovoltaic modules 28 are arranged in the interior spaces 38, each spaced apart from the floor and the underside of the plate elements 24 (see, for example, Fig. 6). The photovoltaic modules 28 are attached to the cross tubes 16 with spacers 46. Thus, air-permeable areas are formed above and below the photovoltaic modules 28.
[0080] Openings 48 are arranged on the top side of the cross tubes 16, forming connections to the interior spaces 38. Thus, air can be supplied to and discharged from the interior spaces 38 through the cross tubes 16. Preferably, the cross tubes 16 are connected to air-conveying fans in such a way that air is alternately supplied to and discharged through adjacent cross tubes 16, creating an air flow within the interior spaces 38, as indicated by dotted arrows in Fig. 6, which air flows around the photovoltaic modules 28 on the top and bottom.
[0081] When exposed to sunlight, as indicated in Fig. 6, it passes through the transparent plate elements 24 into the interior 38 and onto the photovoltaic module 28. This generates electrical power, which is dissipated through electrical cables not shown here. This heats up the photovoltaic module 28 and the air in the interior 38. The air duct described above discharges warm air through cross pipes 16 and can be used, for example, for heating or to generate electricity. The air duct thus dissipates heat from the interior 38 and thus prevents the photovoltaic module 28 from heating up excessively to a temperature at which its efficiency would be severely impaired.
[0082] The roof structure 10 thus enables very efficient use of solar radiation with a simple construction, good sealing, and a minimal number of components. Airflow allows the generated heat to be utilized, while simultaneously ensuring that the photovoltaic modules 28 can operate within a favorable temperature range.
[0083] The roof structure 10 is easy to assemble, mechanically stable, and also inexpensive to service. Various procedures with different sequences of assembly steps are possible. Preferably, the cross tubes 16 are first fastened transversely to the supporting roof structure, with the insulation panels 18 attached between them. The photovoltaic modules 28 are then attached to the spacers 46 and electrically connected (not shown). The support gutters 20 are then assembled piece by piece from the support gutter sections 22 and screwed onto the cross tubes 16. Alternatively, the support gutters 20 can also be assembled and attached to the cross tubes 16 before the photovoltaic modules are installed. Finally, the panel elements 24 are placed overlapping on the support gutters 20 and secured by the hold-down clamps 26.
[0084] In the event of servicing, easy access to the interior 36 can be gained by loosening the hold-down clamps 26 and lifting plate elements 24, for example to replace photovoltaic modules 28.
[0085] Fig. 8 shows the installation frame 50, which can be used to install structural elements that penetrate the roof, such as a skylight or a chimney, into the roof structure 10. The embodiment of the installation frame 50 shown here is particularly suitable for installing a skylight (not shown).
[0086] The mounting frame 50 has a rectangular cross-section with two parallel, transversely spaced longitudinal frame parts 52 and two transverse frame parts 58 connecting them. Transverse and longitudinal frame parts 52, 58 are preferably formed in one piece from a folded sheet metal.
[0087] The mounting frame 50 has a circumferential wall 56 and, on its upper side, a circumferential support frame with downward-facing support surfaces 54. The support frame is formed as an outwardly directed bevel. A circumferential, inwardly projecting support collar 60 is formed on the inside.
[0088] The lower support surfaces 54 of the longitudinal frame parts 52 each comprise two sections offset from one another in the depth direction, namely a first support surface section 54a and a second support surface section 54b arranged parallel to the first support surface section but offset higher. A transition section 54c in the form of a step is arranged between the first and second support surface sections 54a, 54b.
[0089] Fig. 9, 10 show how the installation frame 50 is inserted into the roof structure 10. Between two of the support gutters 20, a free installation area 62 is formed, which extends essentially in the longitudinal direction L over the length of two plate elements 24 or support gutter sections 22. The central cross tube 16 is interrupted in order to keep the installation area 62 free. While for illustrative reasons the installation area 62 in Fig. 9 / 10 is shown in a corner of the illustrated part of the roof structure 10, so that in the illustration the plate elements 24 are only arranged in the longitudinal direction L above and in the transverse direction Q to one side of the installation area 62, the installation area 62 will usually not be arranged on an edge, but in the interior of a complete roof surface, so that it is surrounded on all sides by plate elements 24 within the roof surface.
[0090] As shown in Fig. 10, the installation frame 50 is fitted into the installation area 62 such that support surfaces 54 of the support frame rest on the surrounding elements. In particular, the two-sided support surfaces 54 of the longitudinal frame parts 52 rest on the support areas 34 of the two-sided support channels 22. Due to the stepped and offset shape of the support surface sections 54a, 54b and the transition section 54c formed therebetween, the support surfaces 54 fit onto the support surfaces 54 and the overlap area 23, as shown in Fig. 12, so that they rest there over their entire surface and can be well sealed, for example, by means of an intermediate seal (not shown).
[0091] At the longitudinal ends of the installation frame 50, the protruding surfaces of the support frame also fit into the roof structure 10: The plate element 24 arranged above is attached such that it covers the support frame along the upper transverse frame part 58. The plate element 24 arranged below is attached such that it is covered by the support frame along the lower transverse frame part 58.
[0092] The support collar 60 arranged inside the installation frame 50 (see also Fig. 11) can be used to support a roof window (not shown), which is inserted into the installation frame 50.
[0093] This allows for a stable and well-sealed installation for built-in elements such as a skylight or similar.
[0094] The illustrated design of the installation frame 50 is merely an example; in fact, depending on the type, shape, and size of the component to be inserted within the installation frame 50, different designs are possible. These designs can, for example, extend longitudinally over a greater length, so that they cover two or more overlapping areas 23. In this case, the support surfaces 54 are also advantageously provided with a correspondingly large number of support surface sections and transition sections in order to be able to fit them snugly. Likewise, instead of having a thin sheet metal wall 56 as shown, the installation frame can also have an inner frame of varying thickness in order to fit an interior area of smaller dimensions and / or a different shape into the installation area 62, for example in the manner of a passe-partout.
[0095] Figs. 13-22 show a second, preferred embodiment. The roof structure 110 according to the second embodiment corresponds to the roof structure 10 according to the first embodiment in many structural elements and in many details. The following describes in particular the differences between the embodiments. Identical elements are provided with identical reference numerals.
[0096] In the following, the roof structure 110 is initially explained in its basic design without the installation frame 50. As shown in Figs. 13-16, the roof structure 110 comprises, as a supporting structure, a substructure 130 with roof beams 14 and cross beams 116 and insulation panels 18 arranged between them, on which a closed roof panel 119 is mounted. The roof beams 14 run parallel in the longitudinal direction, i.e., following the roof pitch, while the cross beams 116 run parallel to one another in the transverse direction. The roof panel 119 is preferably formed from tongue-and-groove panels with water-repellent properties, preferably as a possible second water-conducting level.
[0097] On the substructure 130, a superstructure 132 is fastened with spacer beams 146, support channels 20 fastened thereon and plate elements 124 resting thereon with hold-down devices 126. In the illustrations of the second embodiment, as in the first embodiment, only parts of the regularly repeating structure without edge closures are shown.
[0098] As in the first embodiment, in the second embodiment, each of the support channels 20 is formed from longitudinally aligned support channel sections 22. The support channel sections are shown separately in Fig. 19a, 19b. In the illustrated embodiment, each support channel section is formed, for example, from a sheet metal with a thickness of 0.8 - 1.4 mm, preferably imm. The trapezoidal profile has, for example, a height of approximately 35 mm, a lower inner width of approximately 30 mm, and an upper inner width of approximately 50 mm, with sealing strips 123 on flange sections of, for example, 10 mm width. The trapezoidal shape includes bends of, for example, 108° each. The outer bends form support surfaces 34 with glued-on flexible sealing strips 123.
[0099] The bottom of the support channel sections 22 is closed except for a hole 70 at one end. Two inserts 40 with threaded nuts (Fig. 19c) are inserted and welded into the profile of the support channel section 22.
[0100] In the roof structure 110, the support gutter sections 22 are arranged in a partially interlocking manner, i.e., nested, manner, as in the first embodiment. As shown in Fig. 18, the perforated end of the respective lower support gutter section 22 is covered by the end of the support gutter section arranged above it.
[0101] Plate elements 124 are placed on the sealing strips 123 of the support surfaces 34 of the support channel sections 22, with the plate elements 124 also being arranged overlapping one another, corresponding to the overlapping arrangement of the support channel sections 22. Flexible seals (not shown) are arranged between overlapping plate elements.
[0102] Unlike the first embodiment, in the second embodiment, the panel elements 124 are not transparent glass panes, but rather flat photovoltaic modules. In this embodiment, the photovoltaic modules 124 themselves form the upper end of the roof structure 110.
[0103] The panel elements 124, each arranged between two adjacent support gutters 20, thus cover enclosed interior spaces 36, as in the first embodiment, which are sealed off from the outside in a wind and rainproof manner. The interior spaces 36 are delimited laterally in the transverse direction by the support gutter sections 22 and spacer beams 146, upwards by the panel elements 124, and downwards by the roof panel 119. In the longitudinal direction, the spaces are continuous, for example extending from the roof ridge to the lower edge, although subdivisions are also possible. Due to the nested, partially overlapping arrangement of the support gutter sections 22, the panel elements 124 resting on them, which are also arranged in an overlapping manner, are aligned parallel to them, ensuring uniform contact with the support areas 34.
[0104] As in the first embodiment, in the second embodiment, the plate elements 124 are secured to the support channels 20 by means of retainers 126. Unlike in the first embodiment, the retainers 126 are elongated strips that cover the plate elements 124 over their entire length, as can be seen particularly from Fig. 16 (only two retainers 126 are shown here for clarity).
[0105] The hold-down devices 126 are shown in more detail in Figs. 20 and 21. These are elongated sheet metal strips with a downwardly directed bevel 172 at a lower end and an upwardly directed bevel 174 at the upper end. As can be seen from Fig. 21, the lower end of the hold-down device 126 is widened, and the lower bevel 172 has a central recess equal to the width of the upper bevel 172.
[0106] The hold-down devices 126 are each placed on the plate elements 124 such that they overlap two laterally adjacent plate elements 124 (Fig. 21). In this case, hold-down devices 126 arranged in alignment engage with one another, with the lower bevel 172 of the higher hold-down device 126 overlapping the upper bevel 174 of the hold-down device 126 arranged below it. At the same time, the lower bevel 172 encompasses the plate elements 124 and thus secures them against slipping. Here, too, there is no direct contact between the hold-down devices 126 and the plate elements 124; instead, an intermediate layer is arranged between them (not shown).
[0107] As in the first embodiment, the hold-down devices 126 are held by hold-down bolts 38, which are screwed to the crossbars 40 of the underlying support channel sections 22 with the screw nuts.
[0108] The support channel sections 22 themselves are screwed to the spacer beams 146 below them using screws 142, using the screw hole 70 (Fig. 13). As in the first embodiment, the overlap and seal 44 ensure tightness.
[0109] As in the first embodiment, the roof structure is impermeable with drainage of rainwater on the plate elements 124 and in the support gutters 20. In the case of minor leaks at the seals between them, water that may penetrate into the interior 36 can be drained on the roof plate 119 in the direction of the roof slope.
[0110] The interior spaces 36 formed between the support channels 22 and beneath the panel elements 124 (photovoltaic modules) each represent areas through which air can flow. Air is introduced into the spaces 36 through hoses 176 and holes 148 penetrating the roof panel 119 and the insulation panels 18, and is then drawn out again at another location (see, for example, Fig. 13). The air flowing in the interior spaces 36 thus comes into contact with the underside of the panel elements 124 (photovoltaic elements), allowing them to be cooled by the air flow. As with the first embodiment, the generated heat is thus utilized, while simultaneously ensuring that the photovoltaic modules 124 can operate within a favorable temperature range.
[0111] As can be seen in Fig. 13, the supply and discharge lines are preferably spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction, particularly preferably with a distance that is greater than the length of a plate element 124 in the longitudinal direction.
[0112] The installation frame 50 explained above with reference to the first embodiment can also be used in the roof structure 110 according to the second embodiment in order to insert structural elements into the roof structure 101 that penetrate the roof, such as a skylight or a chimney.
[0113] The shape of the installation frame 50 described above with reference to Fig. 8 with longitudinal frame parts 52, transverse frame parts 58, circumferential wall 56 and support frame 54 with the first support surface sections 54a and second support surface sections 54b arranged parallel to these but offset higher is suitable for installation in the roof structure 110 according to the second embodiment, as shown in Fig. 22.
[0114] As shown in Fig. 22, a free installation area 62 is formed between two of the support gutters 20, which extends in the longitudinal direction L essentially over the length of two plate elements 124 or support gutter sections 22. Below this, a cutout 64 is formed in the roof panel 119 and a cutout 66 is formed in the underlying insulation panels 18. The crossbeams 116 are interrupted to form a cutout 68. The cutouts 64, 66, 68 keep the installation area 62 free. For illustrative reasons, the installation area 62 is shown in Fig. 22 at an edge of the illustrated part of the roof structure 110, whereas in a practical embodiment, the installation area 62 will usually be arranged inside a complete roof surface, so that it is surrounded on all sides by plate elements 124 within the roof surface.
[0115] The installation frame 50, fitted in the installation area 62, fits into the structure of the roof structure 110 such that support surfaces 54 of the support frame rest on the surrounding elements. In particular, the two-sided support surfaces 54 of the longitudinal frame parts 52 rest on the support areas 34 of the two-sided support channels 22. Due to the stepped and offset shape of the support surface sections 54a, 54b and the transition section 54c formed between them, the support surfaces 54 fit onto the support surfaces 54, so that they rest there over their entire surface and can be well sealed, for example, by means of an intermediate seal (not shown). At the longitudinal ends of the installation frame 50, the projecting surfaces of the support frame also fit into the roof structure 110, namely into the overlap to the plate element 124 arranged above (in Fig.22 not shown), which covers the support frame along the upper transverse frame part 58, and to the plate element 124 arranged below, which is covered by the support frame 60 along the lower transverse frame part 58. This enables a stable and well-sealed attachment for built-in elements such as a skylight or the like.
[0116] While the above two separate embodiments are described, the invention can be implemented in various ways. For example, individual features or concepts are interchangeable between the embodiments, e.g., the air flow is provided via cross tubes or via hoses / bores, the hold-down devices are designed either along the entire length of the panel elements or only at their corners, or the panel elements can be configured either as photovoltaic modules themselves or as covers for them.
[0117] (19442-3)
[0118] List of reference symbols io, no roof structure
[0119] 12 buildings
[0120] 14 roof beams
[0121] 16 Cross tube
[0122] 116 crossbeams
[0123] 18 insulation board
[0124] 119 roof slab
[0125] 20 support channel
[0126] 22 Support channel section
[0127] 23 Overlap area
[0128] 123 Sealing strips on support gutter sections
[0129] 24 plate element
[0130] 26, 126 hold-down clamps
[0131] 28 photovoltaic modules
[0132] 30, 130 substructure
[0133] 32 Superstructure
[0134] 34 support areas
[0135] 36 Interior
[0136] 38 hold-down bolts
[0137] 40 crossbar
[0138] 42, 142 fastening bolts
[0139] 44 Sealing between support gutter sections
[0140] 46 spacers for photovoltaic modules
[0141] 146 spacer bars
[0142] 48, 148 openings for air supply
[0143] 50 mounting frames
[0144] 52 Longitudinal frame parts of the installation frame
[0145] 54 Support surfaces of the longitudinal frame parts a, b Support surface sections 54c Transition section of the support surfaces
[0146] 56 Wall of the mounting frame
[0147] 58 Cross frame parts of the installation frame
[0148] 60 overlay collar
[0149] 62 Installation area for mounting frame
[0150] 64 Cutout in the roof panel
[0151] 66 Cutout in the insulation board
[0152] 68 Cutout in the crossbeam
[0153] 70 screw hole
[0154] 172 Lower bend of the hold-down device
[0155] 174 Upper bend of the hold-down device
[0156] 176 hoses
[0157] Q transverse direction
[0158] L longitudinal direction
[0159] T Depth direction
Claims
Claims i. Roof structure (io, no), with at least two support gutters (20) which are arranged parallel to one another in a longitudinal direction (L) and spaced from one another in a transverse direction (Q), wherein the support gutters (20) are each formed from aligned support gutter sections (22) with support areas (34), wherein ends of the support gutter sections (22) are arranged overlapping one another so that overlap areas (23) are formed, and plate elements (24) are each arranged between two support gutters (20) such that they rest on the support areas (34) of the support gutter sections (22), wherein the plate elements (24) are arranged overlapping in the longitudinal direction of the support gutters (20), characterized in that an installation frame (50) is arranged between the support gutters (20), wherein the installation frame (50) has two longitudinal frame parts (52) arranged parallel and spaced from one another,each having support surfaces (54) extending in the longitudinal direction (L) and pointing in a depth direction (T), wherein the support surfaces (54) each have at least two support surface sections (54a, 54b) arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction and a transition section (54c) therebetween, wherein the support surface sections (54a, 54b) adjacent to the transition sections (54c) have an offset from one another in the depth direction (T), and wherein the support surfaces (54) rest on the support regions (34) and the transition sections (54c) are arranged at the overlap regions (23).
2. Roof structure according to claim i, wherein the support surfaces (54) have a step at the transition section (54c).
3. Roof structure according to one of the preceding claims, in which the support surfaces (54) are formed in one piece.
4. Roof structure according to one of the preceding claims, in which the installation frame (50) has a circumferential wall (56) which extends at least substantially in the depth direction (T).
5. Roof structure according to one of the preceding claims, in which the support surfaces (54) are formed as folds.
6. Roof structure according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the mounting frame (50) has an inwardly projecting collar (60).
7. Roof structure according to one of the preceding claims, in which the installation frame (50) is formed at least in sections from sheet metal.
8. Roof structure according to one of the preceding claims, in which the support gutter sections (22) have a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape.
9. Roof structure according to one of the preceding claims, in which the support channels (22) are mounted on cross tubes (16) or cross beams (116), and at least one cross tube (16) or cross beam (116) is interrupted in the region of the installation frame (50).
10. Roof structure according to one of the preceding claims, in which the plate elements (24) are transparent covers and photovoltaic modules (28) are arranged below the plate elements (24).
11. Roof structure according to one of the preceding claims, in which the support gutter sections (22) have outer folds, the upper sides of the folds forming the support areas (34).
12. Roof structure according to one of the preceding claims, in which plate elements (24) are arranged in the longitudinal direction (L) above and below the installation frame (50).
13. Installation frame (50) for installation in a roof structure (10, 110) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising at least two longitudinal frame parts (52) arranged parallel and at a distance from one another, which have support surfaces (54) extending in the longitudinal direction (L) and pointing in a depth direction (T), wherein the support surfaces (54) each have at least two support surface sections (54a, 54b) arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction (L) and a transition section (54c) therebetween, wherein the support surface sections (54a, 54b) adjacent to the transition sections (54c) have an offset from one another in the depth direction (T).
14. A method for producing a roof structure in which a plurality of parallel support gutters (20) are formed from aligned support gutter sections (22), wherein ends of the support gutter sections (22) are arranged to overlap one another, Plate elements (24) are each arranged between two support channels (20) in such a way that they rest on support areas of the support channel sections (22), wherein the plate elements (24) are arranged overlapping in the longitudinal direction of the support channels (20), characterized in that a mounting frame (50) is arranged between the support channels (20), wherein the mounting frame (50) has two longitudinal frame parts (52) arranged parallel and at a distance from one another, each with support surfaces (54) extending in the longitudinal direction (L) and pointing in a depth direction (T), wherein the support surfaces (54) each have at least two support surface sections (54a, 54b) arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction and a transition section (54c) therebetween, wherein the support surface sections (54a, 54b) adjacent to the transition sections (54c) have an offset from one another in the depth direction (T), and wherein the mounting frame (50) is arranged such that the support surfaces (54) rest on the support regions (34) and the transition sections (54c) at the overlapping regions (23) are arranged.