A method of coverage enhancement
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ZTE CORP
- Filing Date
- 2023-08-15
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-29
AI Technical Summary
Conventional wireless communication systems face limitations in cell coverage due to the restricted cyclic prefix (CP) length of the physical random access channel (PRACH), especially in line-of-sight (LOS) propagation environments where the preamble length is not the bottleneck.
A method for determining a pre-compensation timing advance (TA) value for PRACH transmission, which involves calculating the distance between a user equipment (UE) and a base station using RSRP measurements and wireless channel model information, and then using this distance to determine the pre-compensation TA value for enhanced PRACH coverage.
This approach effectively enhances PRACH coverage by allowing PRACH transmissions to be pre-compensated for the estimated round trip delay, thereby overcoming the limitations imposed by the CP length and improving the overall coverage of the wireless communication system.
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Figure CN2023113163_20022025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
A METHOD OF COVERAGE ENHANCEMENTTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present subject matter is directed generally to wireless communications. Particularly, the present subject matter relates to methods, devices, and systems for enhancing cell coverage during an initial access procedure in a wireless communication network.BACKGROUND
[0002] In the traditional terrestrial cellular communication system, an important function of random access procedure (RACH) is to estimate the two-way propagation delay (round trip delay) between a user equipment (UE) and a base station (e.g., a gNB) . A UE may send data to a base station by compensating for the propagation delay so that the data arrives at the base station at a time in a synchronized state. By compensating for the propagation delay, the UEs may perform transmissions so that the arrival time relative to the reference time of all users are within the protection range of the cyclic prefix (CP) , and so that the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) may be maintained for all users. Thus, by at least compensating for propagation delay, the uplink reception of multiple users of the communication system of the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDM) technology may be orthogonal and may not interfere with each other.
[0003] Conventional terrestrial cellular mobile communication systems, such as long-term evolution (LTE) or new radio (NR) , may support cell coverage distances up to 100 km or 300 km for physical random access channel (PRACH) by extending the length of the random access preamble and the length of the random access signal protection time (e.g., by selecting an appropriate CP length) combined with special base station receiving technology. However, for typical FWA (Fixed wireless access) scenario, or other possible scenarios, the wireless propagation environment is almost the LOS (line of sight) , the preamble length is not the bottleneck of coverage but the CP length is. The coverage of PRACH is restricted by the CP length due to the usage of short PRACH formats shown in Table 1. The longest CP length provided by short PRACH formats in the table, e.g., short PRACH format C2, is the length of one PRACH OFDM symbol or the length of one preamble i.e., 2048κ·2^ (-μ) , may provide the maximum coverage about 9200m with SCS=15KHz. If 120KHz SCS is used in FR2 band, the coverage will shrink to 1160m proportionally.
[0004] Table 1 Short PRACH formats with SCS = 15KHz SUMMARY
[0005] The present subject matter is directed to a method, device, and system for improving measurement techniques in wireless communication. Specifically, the present subject matter relates to determining the value of timing advance (TA) estimation for pre-compensation of PRACH transmission when the TA or round trip delay introduced by the distance between a base station and a terminal is out of scope of CP length of PRACH.
[0006] In some embodiments, a method for determining a pre-compensation timing advance (TA) value for PRACH between a user equipment (UE) and a base station includes determining a distance between the UE and the base station; determining the pre-compensation TA value based on the determined distance to the base station; and transmitting PRACH to the base station using the pre-compensation TA value.
[0007] In some embodiments, a method for determining by a base station whether pre-compensating timing advance (TA) is being used by a user equipment (UE) , includes defining a plurality of PRACH resource partitions comprising a pre-compensation timing advance (TA) partition and non-pre-compensation TA partition; detecting PRACH received from the UE based on a selected PRACH resource partition; and determining whether pre-compensation TA is being used by the UE based on the selected PRACH resource partition.
[0008] In some other embodiments, an apparatus for wireless communication may include a memory storing instructions and a processing circuitry in communication with the memory. When the processing circuitry executes the instructions, the processing circuitry is configured to carry out the above methods.
[0009] In some other embodiments, a device for wireless communication may include a memory storing instructions and a processing circuitry in communication with the memory. When the processing circuitry executes the instructions, the processing circuitry is configured to carry out the above methods.
[0010] In some other embodiments, a computer-readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the above methods.
[0011] The above and other aspects and their implementations are described in greater detail in the drawings, the descriptions, and the claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communication system include one wireless base stations and one or more user equipment.
[0013] FIG. 2 shows an example of a base station.
[0014] FIG. 3 shows an example of a user equipment (UE) .
[0015] FIG. 4 shows an example of how a base station may detect PRACH.
[0016] FIG. 5 shows an example swim lane diagram of how the UE may determine the pre-compensation TA value.
[0017] FIG. 6 shows an example swim lane diagram of how the UE may determine the pre-compensation TA value.
[0018] FIG. 7 shows an example of determining RSRP thresholds in a base station and determining the timing advance (TA) in a user equipment.
[0019] FIG. 8A shows a flowchart for indicating pre-compensation TA from the UE to the base station.
[0020] FIG. 8B shows a flowchart for indicating a pre-compensation TA value from the UE to the base station.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] The present subject matter will now be described in detail hereinafter with reference to the accompanied drawings, which form a part of the present subject matter, and which show, by way of illustration, specific examples of embodiments. Please note that the present subject matter may, however, be embodied in a variety of different forms and, therefore, the covered or claimed subject matter is intended to be construed as not being limited to any of the embodiments to be set forth below.
[0022] Throughout the specification and claims, terms may have nuanced meanings suggested or implied in context beyond an explicitly stated meaning. Likewise, the phrase “in one embodiment” or “in some embodiments” as used herein does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment and the phrase “in another embodiment” or “in other embodiments” as used herein does not necessarily refer to a different embodiment. The phrase “in one implementation” or “in some implementations” as used herein does not necessarily refer to the same implementation and the phrase “in another implementation” or “in other implementations” as used herein does not necessarily refer to a different implementation. It is intended, for example, that claimed subject matter includes combinations of exemplary embodiments or implementations in whole or in part.
[0023] In general, terminology may be understood at least in part from usage in context. For example, terms, such as “and” , “or” , or “and / or, ” as used herein may include a variety of meanings that may depend at least in part upon the context in which such terms are used. Typically, “or” if used to associate a list, such as A, B or C, is intended to mean A, B, and C, here used in the inclusive sense, as well as A, B or C, here used in the exclusive sense. In addition, the term “one or more” or “at least one” as used herein, depending at least in part upon context, may be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in a singular sense or may be used to describe combinations of features, structures, or characteristics in a plural sense. Similarly, terms, such as “a” , “an” , or “the” , again, may be understood to convey a singular usage or to convey a plural usage, depending at least in part upon context. In addition, the term “based on” or “determined by” may be understood as not necessarily intended to convey an exclusive set of factors and may, instead, allow for existence of additional factors not necessarily expressly described, again, depending at least in part on context.
[0024] FIG. 1 shows a diagram of an example wireless communication system 100 including a plurality of communication nodes (or just nodes) that are configured to wirelessly communicate with each other. In general, the communication nodes include at least one user device 102 and at least one wireless access node 104. The example wireless communication system 100 in FIG. 1 is shown as including two user devices 102, including a first user device 102 (1) and a second user device 102 (2) , and one wireless access nodes 104. However, various other examples of the wireless communication system 100 that include any of various combinations of one or more user devices 102 and / or one or more wireless access nodes 104 may be possible.
[0025] In general, a user device as described herein, such as the user device 102, may include a single electronic device or apparatus, or multiple (e.g., a network of) electronic devices or apparatuses, capable of communicating wirelessly over a network. A user device may comprise or otherwise be referred to as a user terminal, a user terminal device, or a user equipment (UE) . Additionally, a user device may be or include, but not limited to, a mobile device (such as a mobile phone, a smart phone, a smart watch, a tablet, a laptop computer, vehicle or other vessel (human, motor, or engine-powered, such as an automobile, a plane, a train, a ship, or a bicycle as non-limiting examples) or a fixed or stationary device, (such as a desktop computer or other computing device that is not ordinarily moved for long periods of time, such as appliances, other relatively heavy devices including Internet of things (IoT) , or computing devices used in commercial or industrial environments, as non- limiting examples) . In various embodiments, a user device 102 may include transceiver circuitry 106 coupled to an antenna 108 to effect wireless communication with the wireless access node 104. The transceiver circuitry 106 may also be coupled to a processor 110, which may also be coupled to a memory 112 or other storage device. The memory 112 may store therein instructions or code that, when read and executed by the processor 110, cause the processor 110 to implement various ones of the methods described herein.
[0026] Additionally, in general, a wireless access node as described herein, such as the wireless access node 104, may include a single electronic device or apparatus, or multiple (e.g., a network of) electronic devices or apparatuses, and may comprise one or more base stations or other wireless network access points capable of communicating wirelessly over a network with one or more user devices and / or with one or more other wireless access nodes 104. For example, the wireless access node 104 may comprise a 4G LTE base station, a 5G NR base station, a 5G central-unit base station, a 5G distributed-unit base station, a next generation Node B (gNB) , an enhanced Node B (eNB) , or other similar or next-generation (e.g., 6G) base stations, in various embodiments. A wireless access node 104 may include transceiver circuitry 114 coupled to an antenna 116, which may include an antenna tower 118 in various approaches, to effect wireless communication with the user device 102 or another wireless access node 104. The transceiver circuitry 114 may also be coupled to one or more processors 120, which may also be coupled to a memory 122 or other storage device. The memory 122 may store therein instructions or code that, when read and executed by the processor 120, cause the processor 120 to implement one or more of the methods described herein.
[0027] In various embodiments, two communication nodes in the wireless system 100-such as a user device 102 and a wireless access node 104, two user devices 102 without a wireless access node 104, or two wireless access nodes 104 without a user device 102-may be configured to wirelessly communicate with each other in or over a mobile network and / or a wireless access network according to one or more standards and / or specifications. In general, the standards and / or specifications may define the rules or procedures under which the communication nodes may wirelessly communicate, which, in various embodiments, may include those for communicating in millimeter (mm) -Wave bands, and / or with multi-antenna schemes and beamforming functions. In addition, or alternatively, the standards and / or specifications are those that define a radio access technology and / or a cellular technology, such as Fourth Generation (4G) Long Term Evolution (LTE) , Fifth Generation (5G) New Radio (NR) , or New Radio Unlicensed (NR-U) , as non-limiting examples.
[0028] Additionally, in the wireless system 100, the communication nodes are configured to wirelessly communicate signals between each other. In general, a communication in the wireless system 100 between two communication nodes may be or include a transmission or a reception, and is generally both simultaneously, depending on the perspective of a particular node in the communication. For example, for a given communication between a first node and a second node where the first node is transmitting a signal to the second node and the second node is receiving the signal from the first node, the first node may be referred to as a source or transmitting node or device, the second node may be referred to as a destination or receiving node or device, and the communication may be considered a transmission for the first node and a reception for the second node. Of course, since communication nodes in a wireless system 100 may both send and receive signals, a single communication node may be both a transmitting / source node and a receiving / destination node simultaneously or switch between being a source / transmitting node and a destination / receiving node.
[0029] Also, particular signals may be characterized or defined as either an uplink (UL) signal, a downlink (DL) signal, or a sidelink (SL) signal. An uplink signal is a signal transmitted from a user device 102 to a wireless access node 104. A downlink signal is a signal transmitted from a wireless access node 104 to a user device 102. A sidelink signal is a signal transmitted from a one user device 102 to another user device 102, or a signal transmitted from one wireless access node 104 to another wireless access node 104. Also, for sidelink transmissions, a first / source user device 102 directly transmits a sidelink signal to a second / destination user device 102 without any forwarding of the sidelink signal to a wireless access node 104.
[0030] Additionally, signals communicated between communication nodes in the system 100 may be characterized or defined as a data signal or a control signal. In general, a data signal is a signal that includes or carries data, such multimedia data (e.g., voice and / or image data) , and a control signal is a signal that carries control information that configures the communication nodes in certain ways to communicate with each other, or otherwise controls how the communication nodes communicate data signals with each other. Also, certain signals may be defined or characterized by combinations of data / control and uplink / downlink / sidelink, including uplink control signals, uplink data signals, downlink control signals, downlink data signals, sidelink control signals, and sidelink data signals.
[0031] For at least some specifications, such as 5G NR, data and control signals are transmitted and / or carried on physical channels. Generally, a physical channel corresponds to a set of time-frequency resources used for transmission of a signal. Different types of physical channels may be used to transmit different types of signals. For example, physical data channels (or just data channels) are used to transmit data signals, and physical control channels (or just control channels) are used to transmit control signals. Example types of physical data channels include, but are not limited to, a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) used to communicate downlink data signals, a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) used to communicate uplink data signals, and a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) used to communicate sidelink data signals. In addition, example types of physical control channels include, but are not limited to, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) used to communicate downlink control signals, a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) used to communicate uplink control signals, and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) used to communicate sidelink control signals. As used herein for simplicity, unless specified otherwise, a particular type of physical channel is also used to refer to a signal that is transmitted on that particular type of physical channel, and / or a transmission on that particular type of transmission. As an example illustration, a PDSCH refers to the physical downlink shared channel itself, a downlink data signal transmitted on the PDSCH, or a downlink data transmission. Accordingly, a communication node transmitting or receiving a PDSCH means that the communication node is transmitting or receiving a signal on a PDSCH.
[0032] Additionally, for at least some specifications, such as 5G NR, and / or for at least some types of control signals, a control signal that a communication node transmits may include control information comprising the information necessary to enable transmission of one or more data signals between communication nodes, and / or to schedule one or more data channels (or one or more transmissions on data channels) . For example, such control information may include the information necessary for proper reception, decoding, and demodulation of a data signals received on physical data channels during a data transmission, and / or for uplink scheduling grants that inform the user device about the resources and transport format to use for uplink data transmissions. In some embodiments, the control information includes downlink control information (DCI) that is transmitted in the downlink direction from a wireless access node 104 to a user device 102. In other embodiments, the control information includes uplink control information (UCI) that is transmitted in the uplink direction from a user device 102 to a wireless access node 104, or sidelink control information (SCI) that is transmitted in the sidelink direction from one user device 102 (1) to another user device 102 (2) .
[0033] Additionally, in the wireless communication system 100, a slot format for a plurality of slots (occasions) or frames may be configured by the wireless access node 104 or specified by a protocol. In some examples, a slot may be indicated or specified as a downlink slot, a flexible slot, or an uplink slot. Also, an orthogonal frequency divisional multiplexing (OFDM) symbol may be indicated or specified as a downlink symbol, a flexible symbol, or an uplink symbol, in various embodiments.
[0034] FIG. 2 shows an example of base station 200. The example base station 200 may include radio transmitting / receiving (Tx / Rx) circuitry 208 to transmit / receive communication with UEs and / or other base stations. The base station 200 may also include network interface circuitry 209 to communicate the base station 200 with other base stations and / or a core network, e.g., optical or wireline interconnects, Ethernet, and / or other data transmission mediums / protocols. The base station 200 may optionally include an input / output (I / O) interface 206 to communicate with an operator or the like.
[0035] The base station 200 may also include system circuitry 204. System circuitry 204 may include processor (s) 221 and / or memory 222. Memory 222 may include an operating system 224, instructions 226, and parameters 228. Instructions 226 may be configured for the one or more of the processors 124 to perform the functions of the base station 200. The parameters 228 may include parameters to support execution of the instructions 226. For example, parameters may include network protocol settings, bandwidth parameters, radio frequency mapping assignments, and / or other parameters.
[0036] FIG. 3 shows an example of a terminal device 300 (for example, user equipment (UE) ) . The UE 300 may be a mobile device, for example, a smart phone or a mobile communication module disposed in a vehicle. The UE 300 may include communication interfaces 302, a system circuitry 304, an input / output interfaces (I / O) 306, a display circuitry 308, and a storage 309. The display circuitry may include a user interface 310. The system circuitry 304 may include any combination of hardware, software, firmware, or other logic / circuitry. The system circuitry 304 may be implemented, for example, with one or more systems on a chip (SoC) , application specific integrated circuits (ASIC) , discrete analog and digital circuits, and other circuitry. The system circuitry 304 may be a part of the implementation of any desired functionality in the UE 300. In that regard, the system circuitry 304 may include logic that facilitates, as examples, decoding and playing music and video, e.g., MP3, MP4, MPEG, AVI, FLAC, AC3, or WAV decoding and playback; running applications; accepting user inputs; saving and retrieving application data; establishing, maintaining, and terminating cellular phone calls or data connections for, as one example, internet connectivity; establishing, maintaining, and terminating wireless network connections, Bluetooth connections, or other connections; and displaying relevant information on the user interface 310. The user interface 310 and the inputs / output (I / O) interfaces 306 may include a graphical user interface, touch sensitive display, haptic feedback or other haptic output, voice or facial recognition inputs, buttons, switches, speakers and other user interface elements. Additional examples of the I / O interfaces 306 may include microphones, video and still image cameras, temperature sensors, vibration sensors, rotation and orientation sensors, headset and microphone input / output jacks, Universal Serial Bus (USB) connectors, memory card slots, radiation sensors (e.g., IR sensors) , and other types of inputs.
[0037] Referring to FIG. 3, the communication interfaces 302 may include a Radio Frequency (RF) transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) circuitry 316 which handles transmission and reception of signals through one or more antennas 314. The communication interface 302 may include one or more transceivers. The transceivers may be wireless transceivers that include modulation / demodulation circuitry, digital to analog converters (DACs) , shaping tables, analog to digital converters (ADCs) , filters, waveform shapers, filters, pre-amplifiers, power amplifiers and / or other logic for transmitting and receiving through one or more antennas, or (for some devices) through a physical (e.g., wireline) medium. The transmitted and received signals may adhere to any of a diverse array of formats, protocols, modulations (e.g., QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, or 256-QAM) , frequency channels, bit rates, and encodings. As one specific example, the communication interfaces 302 may include transceivers that support transmission and reception under the 2G, 3G, BT, WiFi, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) , High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) +, 4G / Long Term Evolution (LTE) , and 5G standards. The techniques described below, however, are applicable to other wireless communications technologies whether arising from the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , GSM Association, 3GPP2, IEEE, or other partnerships or standards bodies.
[0038] Referring to FIG. 3, the system circuitry 304 may include one or more processors 321 and memories 322. The memory 322 stores, for example, an operating system 324, instructions 326, and parameters 328. The processor 321 is configured to execute the instructions 326 to carry out desired functionality for the UE 300. The parameters 328 may provide and specify configuration and operating options for the instructions 326. The memory 322 may also store any BT, WiFi, 3G, 4G, 5G or other data that the UE 300 will send, or has received, through the communication interfaces 302. In various implementations, a system power for the UE 300 may be supplied by a power storage device, such as a battery or a transformer.
[0039] The present subject matter describes several example embodiments, which may be implemented, partly or totally, on the base station 200 and / or the UE 300 described with reference to FIGS. 1-5.
[0040] The conventional NR system has introduced a basic scheme to support initial access under FR1 (<6GHz band) and FR2 (> 6GHz band) . The scheme includes different physical random access channel (PRACH) formats and PRACH resource configurations, as well as defines the relationship between the synchronization signal block (SSB) and PRACH, the mechanism of PRACH retransmissions, the mechanism of PRACH power control, and the like.
[0041] The RACH occasion (RO) is the time and frequency domain resource for PRACH transmission. A predefined association exists between the SSB and RO, but the association in the basic PRACH procedure does not optimize the PRACH repetition. Thus, the ROs for PRACH repetition will disperse to different associations periods and the latency of the RACH procedure is too long to be accepted.
[0042] FIG. 4 shows an example behavior of how a gNB 200 detects PRACH. The gNB 200 may assume the PRACH detection window covers all four preamble time zones in which PRACH should arrive. Four kinds of reception status are described in FIG. 4. In a first reception status 401, the UE 300 may be very near the gNB 200 with a round trip delay (RTD) equaling zero. In a second reception status 402, the UE 300 may be in the middle of gNB coverage with an RTD between 0 and one CP length (0 < RTD < 1 CP) . In a third reception status 403, the UE 300 may be far away from the gNB 200 at the cell edge with RTD equaling CP length (RTD = 1 CP) . In a fourth reception status 404, the UE 300 may be outside of gNB coverage where the extra delay may cause the PRACH detection to be incomplete and the gNB 200 may be at risk of not successfully detecting the PRACH.
[0043] Currently, the PRACH transmission in advance; i.e., open loop pre-compensation of TA, may be used to solve the coverage bottleneck of PRACH due to the restriction of CP length of random access. For example, based on a UE’s position information determined via the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and the base station position information broadcast by the base station 200, the UE 300 may determine the distance between the UE 300 and the base station 200, and may calculate the rough TA value to initiate an uplink transmission. Thus, a random-access signal may be sent in advance according to the pre-compensation TA value, and then the arrival of PRACH may fall into the detection window. The coverage bottleneck of PRACH may be eliminated and the coverage of PRACH may be enhanced.
[0044] However, a problem manifests when the UE 300 has no GNSS capability, which means the UE 300 cannot know its position, and the relative distance between the base station 200 and the UE 300 cannot be calculated. In this case, the pre-compensation TA value for PRACH transmission cannot be determined in advance. Therefore, in accordance with the present subject matter, an alternative approach to determine the rough TA is described.
[0045] UE Determines the TA value through RSRP Measurement and Channel Model Assumption
[0046] The Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurement is a mandatory function for a UE 300 in terms of expressing signal level and quality.
[0047] The one-way propagation distance may be derived from the large-scale channel model and the path loss. For instance, the typical statistical large-scale channel model for Rural Macrocell (RMa) Line of Sight (LOS) scenario may be illustrated by the following equation: PL1=20log10 (40πd3Dfc / 3) +min (0.03h1.72, 10) log10 (d3D) -min (0.044h1.72, 14.77) +0.002log10 (h) d3D ; PL2=PL1 (dBP) +40log10 (d3D / dBP) .
[0048] FIG. 5 shows a swim lane diagram 600 depicting how the UE 300 may determine the pre-compensation TA value through the RSRP measurement and wireless channel model information. The UE 300 may receive the base station transmission power 501 and wireless channel model information 502 from the base station 200 in S501.
[0049] The UE 300 may obtain the wireless channel model information from the base station 200 using a variety of techniques. In one example technique, the UE 300 may obtain the name or index of a predefined channel model from the base station 200; such as the UMa LOS of 3GPP channel model series. Additionally, the UE 300 may obtain the height of the base station 200 and other parameters of the equation from a broadcast of the base station 200.
[0050] More channel models may be found in the 3GPP technical report TS 38.901, which discloses channel models including RMa LOS / NLOS, UMa LOS / NLS, UMi LOS / NLOS, Indoor LOS / NLOS, and the like. Other channel models found in science journals and related literature may also be used.
[0051] In another example technique, the UE 300 may obtain the characteristic parameter of the wireless channel model from the base station 200. For instance, if the general large-scale channel model is predefined as the base station 200 may only need to indicate the propagation coefficient n and / or PL (d0) to the UE 300. PL (d0) may be understood as, path loss of a reference distance.
[0052] In another example technique, the UE 300 may always assume that the large-scale channel model is the well-known Free Space propagation model; therefore, no other indication from the base station 200 may be needed.
[0053] In general, the more information from the base station 200 that is provided, the more accurate the subsequent distance estimation of S507 may be.
[0054] Optionally, the base station 200 may configure the penetration loss in S502. A UE 300 located inside of a building that derives its distance from the base station 200 based on the path loss and the wireless channel model information without additional penetration loss may estimate its distance to be farther than the actual distance from the base station 200. Considering the UE 300 in the extreme coverage scenario previously described (e.g., inside of a building) may be, for instance, a fixed position terminal such as a Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) terminal, or a Customer Premise Equipment (CPE) terminal. The UE 300 may always assume additional penetration loss in the wireless channel model and use it for estimating distance. The additional penetration loss may be preset by the operator at the time the terminal (i.e., penetration loss information is delivered or may be configured by the base station through Over-the-Air Technology (OTA) techniques (S502) .
[0055] The UE 300 may obtain the RSRP measurement result in S503 and calculate the path loss in S504 according to the equation below:
[0056] Path Loss = Transmission Power –RSRP Measurement Result.
[0057] The RSRP measurement result (S503) and the transmission power 501 of the base station 200 may be obtained via system information (SI) , for example.
[0058] If the base station 200 does not configure the penetration loss in S502, the UE 300 may optionally obtain a preset penetration loss in S505 based on assumptions made about the wireless channel model information 502, as previously explained. It should be appreciated that steps S502 and S505 may not both exist; only one option should be implemented.
[0059] The accuracy of the distance estimation based on path loss (equivalent to the RSRP measurement result) and wireless channel model information may be significantly negatively impacted by whether the terminal is inside a building or outside of a building. Building walls, glass, and other building materials may absorb, reflect, or refract wireless signals and consequentially degrade the receiving power of the signal for a UE 300 located inside of a building. Statistically, the increased degradation of the wireless signal due to building materials may be between 8dB and 25dB. This degradation may be accounted for by incorporating the penetration loss into the path loss estimate in the subsequent step S506, which may improve the accuracy of the distance estimation in S507 and the pre-compensation TA value determined in S508.
[0060] The penetration loss, obtained through S502 and / or S505, may be summed with the pass loss computed in S504 to improve the accuracy of the path loss estimate in S506.
[0061] Following the calculation of the path loss, the UE 300 may determine the distance between the UE 300 and the base station 200 from the wireless channel model information (502) and path loss in S507.
[0062] In sum, the pre-compensation TA value for PRACH transmission may be determined in advance. The UE 300 may determine the TA value for PRACH transmission based on its distance from the base station 200; e.g., TA value = 2 × (distance from base station / speed of light) . The distance between the base station 200 and the UE 300 may be derived from the path loss and wireless channel model. The path loss may be calculated based on the transmission power 501 and RSRP measurement (S503) from the UE 300.
[0063] UE Determines a Rough TA Value through RSRP Measurement and RSRP Threshold (s)
[0064] In the prior approach, the distance between the base station 200 and the UE 300 may be estimated on the UE side based on the RSRP measurement and wireless channel model information. In this second approach 600 depicted in FIG. 6, several RSRP thresholds may be determined in S601 on the base station side based on typical distances between a base station 200 and a UE 300, as well as the wireless channel model information.
[0065] The procedure 700 for determining RSRP thresholds (S601) in the base station 200 and determining the pre-compensation TA value in the UE 300 is illustrated in FIG. 7.
[0066] As shown in FIG. 7, typical distances 705 between a base station 200 and a UE 300 may be associated with the CP length and preamble length of the PRACH format. A first distance may be determined by: 0.5 × CP length, which is the distance of light traveling in the half time of the CP length. The second distance may be determined by: 0.5 × (CP length + one preamble length) , which is the distance of light traveling in the half time of the CP length plus one preamble length. A third distance may be determined by: 0.5 × (CP length +two preamble lengths) , which is the distance of light traveling in the half time of the CP length plus two preamble lengths. Further distances may be analogously derived according to the described examples. The determined distance may tightly correspond to the PRACH reception window starting point, which may be at the start of the first preamble, the start of the second preamble, the start of the third preamble, and / or the like. As the typical distance between the base station 200 and the UE 300 may be considered a one-way distance 705, a coefficient of 0.5 is used since the PRACH delay is a two-way delay.
[0067] The first, second, and third distances described above are related to a specific implementation of the base station 200. It should be appreciated that the typical distances between a base station 200 and a UE 300 may also be determined by other principles, depending on the implementation of the base station 200.
[0068] Continuing with reference to FIG. 7, after the multiple distances are determined, corresponding path losses 710 may be determined based on the wireless channel model. Subsequently, the RSRP thresholds 715 may be calculated in S601 (FIG. 6) based on: RSRP Threshold = Transmission Power –Path Loss.
[0069] Referring back to FIG. 6, the additional penetration loss due to the UE 300 being located inside a building may also be addressed and optionally merged with the RSRP thresholds in S602. For instance, if the penetration loss is 25dB, and the original RSRP threshold based on distance is -90dB, the merged RSRP threshold may be expressed as -90 –25 = -115dB. This is in contrast to the previous approach of FIG. 5 where the UE 300 may optionally determine the penetration loss in S505. Still, the penetration loss may also be determined by the UE 300 as in the previous approach of FIG. 5 in the case where S602 is not carried out.
[0070] The base station 200 may configure multiple sets of RSRP thresholds for the UE 300 and communicate those RSRP thresholds to the UE in S603. The UE 300 may choose one set of RSRP thresholds depending on the UE type, the UE common layout position, and the like.
[0071] The base station 200 may also configure RSRP threshold offsets for “inside building” scenarios based on the basic set of RSRP thresholds for the UE 300 in an “outside building” scenario and optionally indicate the set of RSRP threshold offsets in S604 to the UE 300.
[0072] The UE 300 may obtain the RSRP measurement result in S605, via SI.
[0073] Optionally in S606, the UE 300 may choose one of the RSRP threshold offsets and merge the RSRP threshold offset with the RSRP thresholds received in S603. For example, if the penetration loss is 25dB, then the offset is 25 dB also; if the original RSRP threshold based on distance is -90dB, then the merged RSRP threshold may be expressed as -90 –25 = -115dB. It should be appreciated that steps S602 and S606 may not both exist; only one option should be implemented.
[0074] The RSRP measurement of S605 may be compared with each of a plurality of the RSRP thresholds in S607. If the RSRP measurement result of S605 is less than one threshold, a corresponding distance may be selected by the UE 300 in S608. As in the previous approach 600, the pre-compensation TA value of PRACH may be determined in S609 based on the determined distance of S608. The pre-compensation TA value may be equivalent to one CP length, one CP length plus one preamble length, or one CP length plus two preamble lengths, corresponding to the first, second, or third RSRP thresholds if the previous example (first, second, third) distances are used.
[0075] Alternatively, based on similar principles, path loss thresholds instead of RSRP thresholds may be determined in the base station 200 and similarly provided to the UE 300 for comparison and TA determination.
[0076] In sum, the pre-compensation TA value used for PRACH transmission may be determined in advance. The UE 300 may determine the PRACH TA value by comparing the RSRP measurement with RSRP thresholds (S607) . The RSRP thresholds may be determined in the base station 200 (S601) and received by the UE 300 from the base station 200 (S603) . The RSRP thresholds may be determined in the base station 200 based on the transmission power and multiple path losses (FIG. 7) . The multiple path losses 710 may be determined based on the multiple distances 705 and the wireless channel model information. In a typical example, the multiple distances 705 between the base station 200 and the UE 300 may be based on the CP length and preamble length of the PRACH format. The distance may be the distance light travels in the time of the CP length + N preamble (s) length. The RSRP threshold offsets or multiple sets of RSRP thresholds may be provided to the UE 300 by the base station 200 (S604) to account for the additional penetration loss due to the UE 300 being located inside of a building.
[0077] Pre-Compensation TA Value Indication Example
[0078] Performing PRACH transmission with TA based on the pre-compensation TA value is the UE 300 behavior, but the base station 200 may not know whether the UE 300 is using the pre-compensation TA transmission or how large the PRACH transmission in TA. The pre-compensation TA value may be valid in the UE 300 and may be applied to subsequent PUSCHs, such as the msg3 PUSCH, scheduled PUSCH, and the like. However, if the base station 200 does not know whether the UE 300 is using pre-compensation TA transmission or the corresponding pre-compensation TA value, the base station 200 may be unable to determine the delay of UL transmission due to the larger distance between the base station 200 and the UE 300. Therefore, these timing problems should be addressed in the third approach to be subsequently described with reference to FIGS. 8A and 8B.
[0079] A first timing problem is that the base station 200 may not know whether pre-compensation TA is being used nor the corresponding pre-compensation TA value. This uncertainty may cause the wrong HARQ process to be scheduled for data transmission. The second timing problem is the base station 200 may not know when the PUSCH will be received from the UE 300. The third timing problem is that the schedule timing may be too restrictive or without sufficient time for the UE 300 to prepare the PUSCH.
[0080] To solve the aforementioned problems, the UE 300 may indicate whether pre-compensation is being used, and if so, also indicate the pre-compensation TA value to the base station 200 during the initial access procedure or in the early stage of the RRC connection, as will be subsequently described.
[0081] Referring to FIG. 8A, in a first technique 800, the PRACH resources may be partitioned to differentiate various types of RACH procedures or RACH features. For example, a first resource partition for non-pre-compensation TA 801 and a second resource partition for pre-compensation TA 802 may be defined. When the UE 300 decides the RACH type, the UE 300 may select a corresponding PRACH resource (i.e., 801 or 802) in S805. When the base station 200 detects the PRACH, the base station 200 may know (S810) whether pre-compensation TA is being used by the UE 300 based on the selected PRACH resource 801 / 802. As shown in FIG. 8A, the first resource 801 implies not using pre-compensation TA, while the second resource 802 implies using pre-compensation TA. Similar principles may be utilized to implicitly indicate to the base station 200 that the UE 300 is utilizing the pre-compensation TA transmission PRACH.
[0082] A new set of PRACH resources may be defined in the base station 200 for pre-compensation TA. If the UE 300 performs the pre-compensation TA processing according to the techniques previously disclosed, the UE 300 could select the specific PRACH resources for the PRACH transmission with pre-compensation TA. In this way, the base station 200 will know that the UE 300 is using the pre-compensation TA transmission.
[0083] Furthermore, the UE 300 may continue to indicate a fine (as compared to rough) pre-compensation TA value in the msg3 PUSCH. When the RACH procedure concludes, the base station 200 may have all of the information regarding pre-compensation TA. Alternatively, the pre-compensation TA value may be provided in the subsequent PUSCH instead of the msg3 PUSCH in the early stage of the RRC connection. If the UE 300 does not need pre-compensation TA processing, the pre-compensation TA value may not need to be provided in the subsequent PUSCH. Therefore, this technique maintains backward compatibility with the legacy procedures.
[0084] Referring to FIG. 8B, unlike the first technique 800 where only one set of PRACH resources is defined for pre-compensation TA, in the second technique 850 the defined PRACH resources may be partitioned into multiple sets corresponding to the different TA values for the PRACH pre-compensation TA. For example, a first resource partition corresponding to a first pre-compensation TA value 851 and a second resource partition corresponding to a second pre-compensation TA value 852 may be defined. A UE 300 may determine a pre-compensation TA value by selecting one set of the partitioned PRACH resources (S855) , and the base station 200 may acknowledge the (rough) pre-compensation TA value directly through the PRACH transmission (S860) . As in the first technique, a fine (as opposed to rough) pre-compensation TA value may be provided in the subsequent PUSCH; e.g., msg3 PUSCH, as needed. The fine pre-compensation TA value may have a higher granularity and / or precision than the rough pre-compensation TA value.
[0085] In sum, this third approach 800 / 850 implicitly indicates whether the pre-compensation TA is being used and if so, may also indicate the pre-compensation TA value to the base station 200 after the pre-compensation TA value is determined based either the first or second approaches (500 / 600) previously described. The PRACH resources partitioning may be used to indicate whether the pre-compensation TA is being used, and if so, also indicate the rough pre-compensation TA value to the base station 200. The subsequent PUSCH, such as a msg3 PUSCH or scheduled PUSCH may further indicate a fine pre-compensation TA value.
[0086] The description and accompanying drawings above provide specific example embodiments and implementations. The described subject matter may, however, be embodied in a variety of different forms and, therefore, covered or claimed subject matter is intended to be construed as not being limited to any example embodiments set forth herein. A reasonably broad scope for claimed or covered subject matter is intended. Among other things, for example, subject matter may be embodied as methods, devices, components, systems, or non-transitory computer-readable media for storing computer codes. Accordingly, embodiments may, for example, take the form of hardware, software, firmware, storage media or any combination thereof. For example, the method embodiments described above may be implemented by components, devices, or systems including memory and processors by executing computer codes stored in the memory.
[0087] Throughout the specification and claims, terms may have nuanced meanings suggested or implied in context beyond an explicitly stated meaning. Likewise, the phrase “in one embodiment / implementation” as used herein does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment and the phrase “in another embodiment / implementation” as used herein does not necessarily refer to a different embodiment. It is intended, for example, that claimed subject matter includes combinations of example embodiments in whole or in part.
[0088] In general, terminology may be understood at least in part from usage in context. For example, terms, such as “and” , “or” , or “and / or, ” as used herein may include a variety of meanings that may depend at least in part on the context in which such terms are used. Typically, “or” if used to associate a list, such as A, B or C, is intended to mean A, B, and C, here used in the inclusive sense, as well as A, B or C, here used in the exclusive sense. In addition, the term “one or more” as used herein, depending at least in part upon context, may be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in a singular sense or may be used to describe combinations of features, structures, or characteristics in a plural sense. Similarly, terms, such as “a, ” “an, ” or “the, ” may be understood to convey a singular usage or to convey a plural usage, depending at least in part upon context. In addition, the term “based on” may be understood as not necessarily intended to convey an exclusive set of factors and may, instead, allow for the existence of additional factors not necessarily expressly described, again, depending at least in part on context.
[0089] Reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, or similar language does not imply that all of the features and advantages that may be realized with the present solution should be or are included in any single implementation thereof. Rather, language referring to the features and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature, advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present solution. Thus, discussions of the features and advantages, and similar language, throughout the specification may, but do not necessarily, refer to the same embodiment.
[0090] Furthermore, the described features, advantages and characteristics of the present solution may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. One of ordinary skill in the relevant art will recognize, in light of the description herein, that the present solution may be practiced without one or more of the specific features or advantages of a particular embodiment. In other instances, additional features and advantages may be recognized in certain embodiments that may not be present in all embodiments of the present solution.
[0091] The subject matter of the disclosure may also relate to or include, among others, the following aspects:
[0092] A first aspect includes a method for determining a pre-compensation timing advance (TA) value for PRACH between a user equipment (UE) and a base station, comprising: determining a distance between the UE and the base station; determining the pre-compensation TA value based on the determined distance to the base station; and transmitting PRACH to the base station using the pre-compensation TA value.
[0093] A second aspect includes the method of aspect 1, further comprising: receiving wireless channel model information; and receiving a transmission power of the base station.
[0094] A third aspect includes the method of any preceding aspect, further comprising: obtaining a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement; and calculating path loss information based on the transmission power and the RSRP measurement.
[0095] A fourth aspect includes the method of any preceding aspect, wherein the wireless channel model information comprises one or more of: a name or index of a predefined channel model; a height of the base station; a characteristic parameter of the wireless channel model information; a propagation coefficient; or path loss of a reference distance.
[0096] A fifth aspect includes the method of any preceding aspect, wherein the wireless channel model information comprises a Free Space propagation model.
[0097] A sixth aspect includes the method of any preceding aspect, wherein the wireless channel model information is received from the base station.
[0098] A seventh aspect includes the method of any preceding aspect, further comprising: obtaining penetration loss information.
[0099] An eighth aspect includes the method of any preceding aspect, wherein the penetration loss information is configured by and received from the base station.
[0100] A ninth aspect includes the method of any preceding aspect, wherein the penetration loss information is determined by the UE based on the wireless channel model information.
[0101] A tenth aspect includes the method of any preceding aspect, further comprising: obtaining a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement; calculating path loss information based on the transmission power and the RSRP measurement; and incorporating the penetration loss information with the path loss information.
[0102] An eleventh aspect includes the method of any preceding aspect, wherein the distance between the UE and the base station is determined based on the path loss information and the wireless channel model information.
[0103] A twelfth aspect includes the method of any preceding aspect, further comprising: receiving a plurality of path loss thresholds or RSRP thresholds from the base station; obtaining an RSRP measurement; and comparing the RSRP measurement to the plurality of RSRP thresholds, wherein the distance between the UE and the base station is determined based on the comparison.
[0104] A thirteenth aspect includes the method of any preceding aspect, further comprising: receiving a plurality of path loss thresholds from the base station; obtaining an RSRP measurement; determining a path loss based on the RSRP measurement and the transmission power; and comparing the path loss with the plurality of pass loss thresholds, wherein the distance between the UE and the base station is determined based on the comparison.
[0105] A fourteenth aspect includes the method of any preceding aspect, wherein the RSRP thresholds are based on a plurality of distances based on a cyclic prefix (CP) .
[0106] A fifteenth aspect includes the method of any preceding aspect, wherein the plurality of distances comprises a first distance and a second distance, and at least one of the first and second distances is further based on at least a preamble length.
[0107] A sixteenth aspect includes the method of any preceding aspect, wherein the determined pre-compensation TA value is equivalent to one of: one CP length; one CP length plus one preamble length of the PRACH; or one CP length plus two preamble lengths of the PRACH.
[0108] A seventeenth aspect includes the method of any preceding aspect, further comprising: receiving a set of RSRP threshold offsets due to penetration loss.
[0109] An eighteenth aspect includes the method of any preceding aspect, further comprising: selecting one of a plurality of RSRP threshold offsets; and merging the plurality of threshold offsets with the plurality of path loss thresholds or RSRP thresholds.
[0110] A nineteenth aspect includes a method for determining by a base station whether pre-compensating timing advance (TA) is being used by a user equipment (UE) , comprising: defining a plurality of PRACH resource partitions comprising a pre-compensation timing advance (TA) partition and non-pre-compensation TA partition; detecting PRACH received from the UE based on a selected PRACH resource partition; and determining whether pre-compensation TA is being used by the UE based on the selected PRACH resource partition.
[0111] A twentieth aspect includes the method of any preceding aspect, wherein the pre-compensation TA uses a rough TA value; and the method subsequently comprises: receiving a msg3 PUSCH or scheduled PUSCH comprising a fine TA value having a higher granularity than the rough TA value.
[0112] A twenty-first aspect includes the method of any preceding aspect, wherein each of the plurality of PRACH resource partitions further comprises a plurality of different pre-compensation TA values.
[0113] A twenty-second aspect includes the method of any preceding aspect, further comprising: determining a pre-compensation TA value being used by the UE based on the selected PRACH resource partition.
[0114] A twenty-third aspect includes the method of any preceding aspect, wherein the pre-compensation TA value is a rough TA value; and the method subsequently comprises: receiving a msg3 PUSCH or scheduled PUSCH comprising a fine TA value having a higher granularity than the rough TA value.
[0115] A twenty-fourth aspect includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions operable, when executed by one or more processors, to: implement the method of any preceding aspect.
[0116] A twenty-fifth aspect includes a device for wireless communication comprising: a processor; and a memory in communication with the processor, the memory storing a plurality of instructions executable by the processor to cause the device to: implement the method of aspects 1-23.
Claims
1.A method for determining a pre-compensation timing advance (TA) value for PRACH between a user equipment (UE) and a base station, comprising:determining a distance between the UE and the base station;determining the pre-compensation TA value based on the determined distance to the base station; andtransmitting PRACH to the base station using the pre-compensation TA value.2.The method of claim 1, further comprising:receiving wireless channel model information; andreceiving a transmission power of the base station.3.The method of claim 2, further comprising:obtaining a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement; andcalculating path loss information based on the transmission power and the RSRP measurement.4.The method of claim 2, whereinthe wireless channel model information comprises one or more of:a name or index of a predefined channel model;a height of the base station;a characteristic parameter of the wireless channel model information;a propagation coefficient; orpath loss of a reference distance.5.The method of claim 2, whereinthe wireless channel model information comprises a Free Space propagation model.6.The method of claim 2, whereinthe wireless channel model information is received from the base station.7.The method of claim 2, further comprising:obtaining penetration loss information.8.The method of claim 7, whereinthe penetration loss information is configured by and received from the base station.9.The method of claim 7, whereinthe penetration loss information is determined by the UE based on the wireless channel model information.10.The method of claim 7, further comprising:obtaining a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement;calculating path loss information based on the transmission power and the RSRP measurement; andincorporating the penetration loss information with the path loss information.11.The method of claim 3, whereinthe distance between the UE and the base station is determined based on the path loss information and the wireless channel model information.12.The method of claim 1, further comprising:receiving a plurality of path loss thresholds or RSRP thresholds from the base station;obtaining an RSRP measurement; andcomparing the RSRP measurement to the plurality of RSRP thresholds, whereinthe distance between the UE and the base station is determined based on the comparison.13.The method of claim 2, further comprising:receiving a plurality of path loss thresholds from the base station;obtaining an RSRP measurement;determining a path loss based on the RSRP measurement and the transmission power; andcomparing the path loss with the plurality of pass loss thresholds, whereinthe distance between the UE and the base station is determined based on the comparison.14.The method of claim 12, whereinthe RSRP thresholds are based on a plurality of distances based on a cyclic prefix (CP) .15.The method of claim 14, whereinthe plurality of distances comprises a first distance and a second distance, andat least one of the first and second distances is further based on at least a preamble length.16.The method of claim 14, whereinthe determined pre-compensation TA value is equivalent to one of:one CP length;one CP length plus one preamble length of the PRACH; orone CP length plus two preamble lengths of the PRACH.17.The method of claim 12, further comprising:receiving a set of RSRP threshold offsets due to penetration loss.18.The method of claim 17, further comprising:selecting one of a plurality of RSRP threshold offsets; andmerging the plurality of threshold offsets with the plurality of path loss thresholds or RSRP thresholds.19.A method for determining by a base station whether pre-compensating timing advance (TA) is being used by a user equipment (UE) , comprising:defining a plurality of PRACH resource partitions comprising a pre-compensation timing advance (TA) partition and non-pre-compensation TA partition;detecting PRACH received from the UE based on a selected PRACH resource partition; anddetermining whether pre-compensation TA is being used by the UE based on the selected PRACH resource partition.20.The method of claim 19, whereinthe pre-compensation TA uses a rough TA value; andthe method subsequently comprises:receiving a msg3 PUSCH or scheduled PUSCH comprising a fine TA value having a higher granularity than the rough TA value.21.The method of claim 19, whereineach of the plurality of PRACH resource partitions further comprises a plurality of different pre-compensation TA values.22.The method of claim 21, further comprising:determining a pre-compensation TA value being used by the UE based on the selected PRACH resource partition.23.The method of claim 22, whereinthe pre-compensation TA value is a rough TA value; andthe method subsequently comprises:receiving a msg3 PUSCH or scheduled PUSCH comprising a fine TA value having a higher granularity than the rough TA value.24.A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions operable, when executed by one or more processors, to:implement the method of one of claims 1 or 19.25.A device for wireless communication comprising:a processor; anda memory in communication with the processor, the memory storing a plurality of instructions executable by the processor to cause the device to:implement the method of one of claims 1 or 19.