Positioning for energy harvesting devices

Abstract

In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) may receive a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS. The UE may measure the one or more PRS during a positioning measurement period, wherein a duration of the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period.

Description

Qualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO POSITIONING FOR ENERGY HARVESTING DEVICES BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE 1. Field of the Disclosure

[0001] Aspects of the disclosure relate generally to wireless communications. 2. Description of the Related Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems have developed through various generations, including a first-generation analog wireless phone service (1G), a second-generation (2G) digital wireless phone service (including interim 2.5G and 2.75G networks), a third-generation (3G) high speed data, Internet-capable wireless service and a fourth-generation (4G) service (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) or WiMax). There are presently many different types of wireless communication systems in use, including cellular and personal communications service (PCS) systems. Examples of known cellular systems include the cellular analog advanced mobile phone system (AMPS), and digital cellular systems based on code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), etc.

[0003] A fifth generation (5G) wireless standard, referred to as New Radio (NR), enables higher data transfer speeds, greater numbers of connections, and better coverage, among other improvements. The 5G standard, according to the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance, is designed to provide higher data rates as compared to previous standards, more accurate positioning (e.g., based on reference signals for positioning (RS-P), such as downlink, uplink, or sidelink positioning reference signals (PRS)), and other technical enhancements. These enhancements, as well as the use of higher frequency bands, advances in PRS processes and technology, and high-density deployments for 5G, enable highly accurate 5G-based positioning. SUMMARY

[0004] The following presents a simplified summary relating to one or more aspects disclosed herein. Thus, the following summary should not be considered an extensive overview relating to all contemplated aspects, nor should the following summary be considered to 1 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO identify key or critical elements relating to all contemplated aspects or to delineate the scope associated with any particular aspect. Accordingly, the following summary has the sole purpose to present certain concepts relating to one or more aspects relating to the mechanisms disclosed herein in a simplified form to precede the detailed description presented below.

[0005] In an aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) implementing energy harvesting includes receiving a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS; and measuring the one or more PRS during a positioning measurement period, wherein a duration of the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period.

[0006] In an aspect, a method of wireless performed by a user equipment (UE) implementing energy harvesting includes measuring one or more positioning reference signals (PRS) during a positioning measurement period; and reporting one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period.

[0007] In an aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) implementing energy harvesting includes configuring one or more energy harvesting occasions at the UE; receiving a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS during a positioning measurement period; and based on a given energy harvesting occasion occurring during the positioning measurement period, discontinuing ongoing measurement of a PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, inhibiting upcoming measurements of PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, resuming PRS measurements of PRS occurring during a portion of the positioning measurement period remaining after the given energy harvesting occasion, or any combination thereof.

[0008] In an aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) implementing energy harvesting includes configuring the UE with a measurement gap configuration; and for a given measurement gap of the measurement gap configuration performing energy harvesting during the given measurement gap or performing a positioning reference signal (PRS) measurement based on a set of one or more criterion. 2 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO

[0009] In an aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) implementing energy harvesting includes configuring the UE with a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS; and configuring the UE with an energy harvesting configuration, wherein energy harvesting occasions of the energy harvesting configuration are based on the PRS configuration.

[0010] In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: receive, via the one or more transceivers, a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS; and measure the one or more PRS during a positioning measurement period, wherein a duration of the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period.

[0011] In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: measure one or more positioning reference signals (PRS) during a positioning measurement period; and report, via the one or more transceivers, one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period.

[0012] In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: configure one or more energy harvesting occasions at the UE; receive, via the one or more transceivers, a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS during a positioning measurement period; and based on a given energy harvesting occasion occurring during the positioning measurement period, discontinue ongoing measurement of a PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, inhibit upcoming measurements of PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, resuming PRS measurements of PRS 3 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO occurring during a portion of the positioning measurement period remaining after the given energy harvesting occasion, or any combination thereof.

[0013] In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: configure the UE with a measurement gap configuration; and for a given measurement gap of the measurement gap configuration perform energy harvesting during the given measurement gap or performing a positioning reference signal (PRS) measurement based on a set of one or more criterion.

[0014] In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: configure the UE with a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS; and configure the UE with an energy harvesting configuration, wherein energy harvesting occasions of the energy harvesting configuration are based on the PRS configuration.

[0015] In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes means for receiving a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS; and means for measuring the one or more PRS during a positioning measurement period, wherein a duration of the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period.

[0016] In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes means for measuring one or more positioning reference signals (PRS) during a positioning measurement period; and means for reporting one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period.

[0017] In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes means for configuring one or more energy harvesting occasions at the UE; means for receiving a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS during a positioning measurement period; and based on a given energy harvesting occasion occurring during the positioning measurement period, means for discontinuing ongoing measurement of a PRS coinciding 4 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, means for inhibiting upcoming measurements of PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, resuming PRS measurements of PRS occurring during a portion of the positioning measurement period remaining after the given energy harvesting occasion, or any combination thereof.

[0018] In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes means for configuring the UE with a measurement gap configuration; and for a given measurement gap of the measurement gap configuration means for performing energy harvesting during the given measurement gap or performing a positioning reference signal (PRS) measurement based on a set of one or more criterion.

[0019] In an aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes means for configuring the UE with a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS; and means for configuring the UE with an energy harvesting configuration, wherein energy harvesting occasions of the energy harvesting configuration are based on the PRS configuration.

[0020] In an aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: receive a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS; and measure the one or more PRS during a positioning measurement period, wherein a duration of the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period.

[0021] In an aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: measure one or more positioning reference signals (PRS) during a positioning measurement period; and report one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period.

[0022] In an aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: configure one or more energy harvesting occasions at the UE; receive a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS during a positioning measurement 5 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO period; and based on a given energy harvesting occasion occurring during the positioning measurement period, discontinue ongoing measurement of a PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, inhibit upcoming measurements of PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, resuming PRS measurements of PRS occurring during a portion of the positioning measurement period remaining after the given energy harvesting occasion, or any combination thereof.

[0023] In an aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: configure the UE with a measurement gap configuration; and for a given measurement gap of the measurement gap configuration perform energy harvesting during the given measurement gap or performing a positioning reference signal (PRS) measurement based on a set of one or more criterion.

[0024] In an aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: configure the UE with a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS; and configure the UE with an energy harvesting configuration, wherein energy harvesting occasions of the energy harvesting configuration are based on the PRS configuration.

[0025] Other objects and advantages associated with the aspects disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the accompanying drawings and detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The accompanying drawings are presented to aid in the description of various aspects of the disclosure and are provided solely for illustration of the aspects and not limitation thereof.

[0027] FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communications system, according to aspects of the disclosure.

[0028] FIGS.2A, 2B, and 2C illustrate example wireless network structures, according to aspects of the disclosure.

[0029] FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C are simplified block diagrams of several sample aspects of components that may be employed in a user equipment (UE), a base station, and a network entity, respectively, and configured to support communications as taught herein. 6 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO

[0030] FIG.4 illustrates an example Long-Term Evolution (LTE) positioning protocol (LPP) call flow between a UE and a location server for performing positioning operations.

[0031] FIG.5 illustrates examples of various positioning methods supported in New Radio (NR), according to aspects of the disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 6A through FIG. 6C illustrate several different types of energy harvesting architectures that may be used to harvest radio frequency energy for a network device, according to aspects of the disclosure.

[0033] FIG.7 shows an example scenario in which an energy harvesting occasion coincides (e.g., occurs during) a positioning measurement period, according to aspects of the disclosure.

[0034] FIG.8 shows an example scenario in which energy harvesting occasions coincide with a positioning measurement period, according to aspects of the disclosure.

[0035] FIG.9 shows another example scenario in which an energy harvesting occasion coincides with a positioning measurement period, according to aspects of the disclosure.

[0036] FIG. 10 shows an example scenario in which the UE may either execute one or more energy harvesting operations or perform one or more PRS measurements during a given measurement gap, according to aspects of the disclosure.

[0037] FIG. 11 illustrates an example scenario in which the UE has been configured with an energy harvesting configuration in which energy harvesting occasions are based on PRS occasions used by the UE for measuring PRS, according to aspects of the disclosure.

[0038] FIGS. 12 to 16 illustrate example methods of wireless communication performed by a UE implementing energy harvesting, according to aspects of the disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] Aspects of the disclosure are provided in the following description and related drawings directed to various examples provided for illustration purposes. Alternate aspects may be devised without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Additionally, well-known elements of the disclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted so as not to obscure the relevant details of the disclosure.

[0040] Various aspects relate generally to positioning using a user equipment (UE) that implements energy harvesting. Some aspects more specifically relate to the application of positioning accuracy requirements based on whether one or more energy harvesting occasions occur during the positioning measurement period. In some aspects, a first set 7 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO of positioning accuracy requirements may be applied to PRS measurements obtained during a positioning measurement period during which UE does not perform an energy harvesting operation and a second set of positioning accuracy requirements may be applied to PRS measurements obtained during a positioning measurement period during which the UE performs one or more energy harvesting operations. In some aspects, the first set of positioning accuracy requirements are more stringent than the second set of positioning accuracy requirements.

[0041] Some aspects more specifically relate to how the UE measures one or more positioning reference signals (PRS) when the UE is configured with one or more energy harvesting occasions that occur during a positioning measurement period. In some aspects, the UE determines a duration for the positioning measurement period based on whether one or more energy harvesting occasions occurred during the positioning measurement period. In some aspects, the UE handles PRS measured during the positioning measurement period in specific manners based on the timing relationship between the energy harvesting occasions and the PRS occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period.

[0042] Some aspects more specifically relate to configuring the UE with an energy harvesting configuration that is based on the PRS occasions during which the UE is to measure PRS. In some aspects, the UE is configured with an energy harvesting configuration in which the energy harvesting occasions occur in close proximity to the PRS occasions during which the UE is to measure the PRS. In some aspects, the UE is configured with a measurement gap configuration in which the UE performs either one or more PRS measurement or one or more energy harvesting operations during the measurement gap based on a set of criterion.

[0043] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by basing the positioning accuracy requirements on whether one or more energy harvesting occasions occur during the positioning measurement period, the PRS measurements obtained during the positioning measurement period need not be discarded even though the PRS measurements may be affected by the energy harvesting occasions. In some examples, by basing the duration of the positioning measurement period on whether one or more energy harvesting occasions occur during the positioning measurement period, the UE may obtain PRS measurements even in scenarios in which some of the PRS 8 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO occasions occur outside a positioning measurement period having a duration that would normally be used in the absence of the energy harvesting occasions. In some examples, the UE is allowed to perform both PRS measurements and energy harvesting operations by handling the PRS measured during the positioning measurement period in specific manners based on the relationship between the energy harvesting occasions and the PRS occasions. In some examples, the UE is provided with enough power to execute PRS measurements by configuring the UE with an energy harvesting configuration that is based on the PRS occasions during which the UE is to measure PRS.

[0044] The words “exemplary” and / or “example” are used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” and / or “example” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Likewise, the term “aspects of the disclosure” does not require that all aspects of the disclosure include the discussed feature, advantage or mode of operation.

[0045] Those of skill in the art will appreciate that the information and signals described below may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description below may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof, depending in part on the particular application, in part on the desired design, in part on the corresponding technology, etc.

[0046] Further, many aspects are described in terms of sequences of actions to be performed by, for example, elements of a computing device. It will be recognized that various actions described herein can be performed by specific circuits (e.g., application specific integrated circuits (ASICs)), by program instructions being executed by one or more processors, or by a combination of both. Additionally, the sequence(s) of actions described herein can be considered to be embodied entirely within any form of non- transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored therein a corresponding set of computer instructions that, upon execution, would cause or instruct an associated processor of a device to perform the functionality described herein. Thus, the various aspects of the disclosure may be embodied in a number of different forms, all of which have been contemplated to be within the scope of the claimed subject matter. In addition, 9 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO for each of the aspects described herein, the corresponding form of any such aspects may be described herein as, for example, “logic configured to” perform the described action.

[0047] As used herein, the terms “user equipment” (UE) and “base station” are not intended to be specific or otherwise limited to any particular radio access technology (RAT), unless otherwise noted. In general, a UE may be any wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, consumer asset locating device, wearable (e.g., smartwatch, glasses, augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) headset, etc.), vehicle (e.g., automobile, motorcycle, bicycle, etc.), Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc.) used by a user to communicate over a wireless communications network. A UE may be mobile or may (e.g., at certain times) be stationary, and may communicate with a radio access network (RAN). As used herein, the term “UE” may be referred to interchangeably as an “access terminal” or “AT,” a “client device,” a “wireless device,” a “subscriber device,” a “subscriber terminal,” a “subscriber station,” a “user terminal” or “UT,” a “mobile device,” a “mobile terminal,” a “mobile station,” or variations thereof. Generally, UEs can communicate with a core network via a RAN, and through the core network the UEs can be connected with external networks such as the Internet and with other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms of connecting to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible for the UEs, such as over wired access networks, wireless local area network (WLAN) networks (e.g., based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 specification, etc.) and so on.

[0048] A base station may operate according to one of several RATs in communication with UEs depending on the network in which it is deployed, and may be alternatively referred to as an access point (AP), a network node, a NodeB, an evolved NodeB (eNB), a next generation eNB (ng-eNB), a New Radio (NR) Node B (also referred to as a gNB or gNodeB), etc. A base station may be used primarily to support wireless access by UEs, including supporting data, voice, and / or signaling connections for the supported UEs. In some systems a base station may provide purely edge node signaling functions while in other systems it may provide additional control and / or network management functions. A communication link through which UEs can send signals to a base station is called an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., a reverse traffic channel, a reverse control channel, an access channel, etc.). A communication link through which the base station can send signals to UEs is called a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., a paging channel, a control 10 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO channel, a broadcast channel, a forward traffic channel, etc.). As used herein the term traffic channel (TCH) can refer to either an uplink / reverse or downlink / forward traffic channel.

[0049] The term “base station” may refer to a single physical transmission-reception point (TRP) or to multiple physical TRPs that may or may not be co-located. For example, where the term “base station” refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP may be an antenna of the base station corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) of the base station. Where the term “base station” refers to multiple co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRPs may be an array of antennas (e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where the base station employs beamforming) of the base station. Where the term “base station” refers to multiple non-co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRPs may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transport medium) or a remote radio head (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station). Alternatively, the non-co- located physical TRPs may be the serving base station receiving the measurement report from the UE and a neighbor base station whose reference radio frequency (RF) signals the UE is measuring. Because a TRP is the point from which a base station transmits and receives wireless signals, as used herein, references to transmission from or reception at a base station are to be understood as referring to a particular TRP of the base station.

[0050] In some implementations that support positioning of UEs, a base station may not support wireless access by UEs (e.g., may not support data, voice, and / or signaling connections for UEs), but may instead transmit reference signals to UEs to be measured by the UEs, and / or may receive and measure signals transmitted by the UEs. Such a base station may be referred to as a positioning beacon (e.g., when transmitting signals to UEs) and / or as a location measurement unit (e.g., when receiving and measuring signals from UEs).

[0051] An “RF signal” comprises an electromagnetic wave of a given frequency that transports information through the space between a transmitter and a receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may transmit a single “RF signal” or multiple “RF signals” to a receiver. However, the receiver may receive multiple “RF signals” corresponding to each transmitted RF signal due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels. The same transmitted RF signal on different paths between the transmitter and receiver may be referred to as a “multipath” RF signal. As used herein, 11 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO an RF signal may also be referred to as a “wireless signal” or simply a “signal” where it is clear from the context that the term “signal” refers to a wireless signal or an RF signal.

[0052] FIG.1 illustrates an example wireless communications system 100, according to aspects of the disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 (which may also be referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) may include various base stations 102 (labeled “BS”) and various UEs 104. The base stations 102 may include macro cell base stations (high power cellular base stations) and / or small cell base stations (low power cellular base stations). In an aspect, the macro cell base stations may include eNBs and / or ng-eNBs where the wireless communications system 100 corresponds to an LTE network, or gNBs where the wireless communications system 100 corresponds to a NR network, or a combination of both, and the small cell base stations may include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc.

[0053] The base stations 102 may collectively form a RAN and interface with a core network 170 (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC)) through backhaul links 122, and through the core network 170 to one or more location servers 172 (e.g., a location management function (LMF) or a secure user plane location (SUPL) location platform (SLP)). The location server(s) 172 may be part of core network 170 or may be external to core network 170. A location server 172 may be integrated with a base station 102. A UE 104 may communicate with a location server 172 directly or indirectly. For example, a UE 104 may communicate with a location server 172 via the base station 102 that is currently serving that UE 104. A UE 104 may also communicate with a location server 172 through another path, such as via an application server (not shown), via another network, such as via a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) (e.g., AP 150 described below), and so on. For signaling purposes, communication between a UE 104 and a location server 172 may be represented as an indirect connection (e.g., through the core network 170, etc.) or a direct connection (e.g., as shown via direct connection 128), with the intervening nodes (if any) omitted from a signaling diagram for clarity.

[0054] In addition to other functions, the base stations 102 may perform functions that relate to one or more of transferring user data, radio channel ciphering and deciphering, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection setup and release, load balancing, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, 12 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment trace, RAN information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC / 5GC) over backhaul links 134, which may be wired or wireless.

[0055] The base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Each of the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110. In an aspect, one or more cells may be supported by a base station 102 in each geographic coverage area 110. A “cell” is a logical communication entity used for communication with a base station (e.g., over some frequency resource, referred to as a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, band, or the like), and may be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCI), an enhanced cell identifier (ECI), a virtual cell identifier (VCI), a cell global identifier (CGI), etc.) for distinguishing cells operating via the same or a different carrier frequency. In some cases, different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., machine-type communication (MTC), narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), or others) that may provide access for different types of UEs. Because a cell is supported by a specific base station, the term “cell” may refer to either or both of the logical communication entity and the base station that supports it, depending on the context. In addition, because a TRP is typically the physical transmission point of a cell, the terms “cell” and “TRP” may be used interchangeably. In some cases, the term “cell” may also refer to a geographic coverage area of a base station (e.g., a sector), insofar as a carrier frequency can be detected and used for communication within some portion of geographic coverage areas 110.

[0056] While neighboring macro cell base station 102 geographic coverage areas 110 may partially overlap (e.g., in a handover region), some of the geographic coverage areas 110 may be substantially overlapped by a larger geographic coverage area 110. For example, a small cell base station 102' (labeled “SC” for “small cell”) may have a geographic coverage area 110' that substantially overlaps with the geographic coverage area 110 of one or more macro cell base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell and macro cell base stations may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous 13 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO network may also include home eNBs (HeNBs), which may provide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG).

[0057] The communication links 120 between the base stations 102 and the UEs 104 may include uplink (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to a base station 102 and / or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a base station 102 to a UE 104. The communication links 120 may use MIMO antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication links 120 may be through one or more carrier frequencies. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to downlink and uplink (e.g., more or less carriers may be allocated for downlink than for uplink).

[0058] The wireless communications system 100 may further include a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) 150 in communication with WLAN stations (STAs) 152 via communication links 154 in an unlicensed frequency spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz). When communicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the WLAN STAs 152 and / or the WLAN AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) or listen before talk (LBT) procedure prior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel is available.

[0059] The small cell base station 102' may operate in a licensed and / or an unlicensed frequency spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the small cell base station 102' may employ LTE or NR technology and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum as used by the WLAN AP 150. The small cell base station 102', employing LTE / 5G in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, may boost coverage to and / or increase capacity of the access network. NR in unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as NR-U. LTE in an unlicensed spectrum may be referred to as LTE-U, licensed assisted access (LAA), or MULTEFIRE®.

[0060] The wireless communications system 100 may further include a millimeter wave (mmW) base station 180 that may operate in mmW frequencies and / or near mmW frequencies in communication with a UE 182. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is part of the RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength between 1 millimeter and 10 millimeters. Radio waves in this band may be referred to as a millimeter wave. Near mmW may extend down to a frequency of 3 GHz with a wavelength of 100 millimeters. The super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 14 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO 3 GHz and 30 GHz, also referred to as centimeter wave. Communications using the mmW / near mmW radio frequency band have high path loss and a relatively short range. The mmW base station 180 and the UE 182 may utilize beamforming (transmit and / or receive) over a mmW communication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range. Further, it will be appreciated that in alternative configurations, one or more base stations 102 may also transmit using mmW or near mmW and beamforming. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the foregoing illustrations are merely examples and should not be construed to limit the various aspects disclosed herein.

[0061] Transmit beamforming is a technique for focusing an RF signal in a specific direction. Traditionally, when a network node (e.g., a base station) broadcasts an RF signal, it broadcasts the signal in all directions (omni-directionally). With transmit beamforming, the network node determines where a given target device (e.g., a UE) is located (relative to the transmitting network node) and projects a stronger downlink RF signal in that specific direction, thereby providing a faster (in terms of data rate) and stronger RF signal for the receiving device(s). To change the directionality of the RF signal when transmitting, a network node can control the phase and relative amplitude of the RF signal at each of the one or more transmitters that are broadcasting the RF signal. For example, a network node may use an array of antennas (referred to as a “phased array” or an “antenna array”) that creates a beam of RF waves that can be “steered” to point in different directions, without actually moving the antennas. Specifically, the RF current from the transmitter is fed to the individual antennas with the correct phase relationship so that the radio waves from the separate antennas add together to increase the radiation in a desired direction, while cancelling to suppress radiation in undesired directions.

[0062] Transmit beams may be quasi-co-located, meaning that they appear to the receiver (e.g., a UE) as having the same parameters, regardless of whether or not the transmitting antennas of the network node themselves are physically co-located. In NR, there are four types of quasi-co-location (QCL) relations. Specifically, a QCL relation of a given type means that certain parameters about a second reference RF signal on a second beam can be derived from information about a source reference RF signal on a source beam. Thus, if the source reference RF signal is QCL Type A, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference 15 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO RF signal is QCL Type B, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and Doppler spread of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL Type C, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and average delay of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL Type D, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the spatial receive parameter of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.

[0063] In receive beamforming, the receiver uses a receive beam to amplify RF signals detected on a given channel. For example, the receiver can increase the gain setting and / or adjust the phase setting of an array of antennas in a particular direction to amplify (e.g., to increase the gain level of) the RF signals received from that direction. Thus, when a receiver is said to beamform in a certain direction, it means the beam gain in that direction is high relative to the beam gain along other directions, or the beam gain in that direction is the highest compared to the beam gain in that direction of all other receive beams available to the receiver. This results in a stronger received signal strength (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal-to- interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), etc.) of the RF signals received from that direction.

[0064] Transmit and receive beams may be spatially related. A spatial relation means that parameters for a second beam (e.g., a transmit or receive beam) for a second reference signal can be derived from information about a first beam (e.g., a receive beam or a transmit beam) for a first reference signal. For example, a UE may use a particular receive beam to receive a reference downlink reference signal (e.g., synchronization signal block (SSB)) from a base station. The UE can then form a transmit beam for sending an uplink reference signal (e.g., sounding reference signal (SRS)) to that base station based on the parameters of the receive beam.

[0065] Note that a “downlink” beam may be either a transmit beam or a receive beam, depending on the entity forming it. For example, if a base station is forming the downlink beam to transmit a reference signal to a UE, the downlink beam is a transmit beam. If the UE is forming the downlink beam, however, it is a receive beam to receive the downlink reference signal. Similarly, an “uplink” beam may be either a transmit beam or a receive beam, depending on the entity forming it. For example, if a base station is forming the 16 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO uplink beam, it is an uplink receive beam, and if a UE is forming the uplink beam, it is an uplink transmit beam.

[0066] The electromagnetic spectrum is often subdivided, based on frequency / wavelength, into various classes, bands, channels, etc. In 5G NR two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz – 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz – 52.6 GHz). It should be understood that although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimes occurs with regard to FR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz – 300 GHz) which is identified by the INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION® as a “millimeter wave” band.

[0067] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified an operating band for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz – 24.25 GHz). Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 and / or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz – 71 GHz), FR4 (52.6 GHz – 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz – 300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0068] With the above aspects in mind, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Further, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “millimeter wave” or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.

[0069] In a multi-carrier system, such as 5G, one of the carrier frequencies is referred to as the “primary carrier” or “anchor carrier” or “primary serving cell” or “PCell,” and the remaining carrier frequencies are referred to as “secondary carriers” or “secondary 17 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO serving cells” or “SCells.” In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is the carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) utilized by a UE 104 / 182 and the cell in which the UE 104 / 182 either performs the initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates the RRC connection re-establishment procedure. The primary carrier carries all common and UE-specific control channels, and may be a carrier in a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case). A secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2) that may be configured once the RRC connection is established between the UE 104 and the anchor carrier and that may be used to provide additional radio resources. In some cases, the secondary carrier may be a carrier in an unlicensed frequency. The secondary carrier may contain only necessary signaling information and signals, for example, those that are UE-specific may not be present in the secondary carrier, since both primary uplink and downlink carriers are typically UE-specific. This means that different UEs 104 / 182 in a cell may have different downlink primary carriers. The same is true for the uplink primary carriers. The network is able to change the primary carrier of any UE 104 / 182 at any time. This is done, for example, to balance the load on different carriers. Because a “serving cell” (whether a PCell or an SCell) corresponds to a carrier frequency / component carrier over which some base station is communicating, the term “cell,” “serving cell,” “component carrier,” “carrier frequency,” and the like can be used interchangeably.

[0070] For example, still referring to FIG. 1, one of the frequencies utilized by the macro cell base stations 102 may be an anchor carrier (or “PCell”) and other frequencies utilized by the macro cell base stations 102 and / or the mmW base station 180 may be secondary carriers (“SCells”). The simultaneous transmission and / or reception of multiple carriers enables the UE 104 / 182 to significantly increase its data transmission and / or reception rates. For example, two 20 MHz aggregated carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically lead to a two-fold increase in data rate (i.e., 40 MHz), compared to that attained by a single 20 MHz carrier.

[0071] The wireless communications system 100 may further include a UE 164 that may communicate with a macro cell base station 102 over a communication link 120 and / or the mmW base station 180 over a mmW communication link 184. For example, the macro cell base station 102 may support a PCell and one or more SCells for the UE 164 and the mmW base station 180 may support one or more SCells for the UE 164. 18 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO

[0072] In some cases, the UE 164 and the UE 182 may be capable of sidelink communication. Sidelink-capable UEs (SL-UEs) may communicate with base stations 102 communication links 120 using the Uu interface (i.e., the air interface between a UE and a base station). SL-UEs (e.g., UE 164, UE 182) may also communicate directly with each other over a wireless sidelink 160 using the PC5 interface (i.e., the air interface between sidelink-capable UEs). A wireless sidelink (or just “sidelink”) is an adaptation of the core cellular (e.g., LTE, NR) standard that allows direct communication between two or more UEs without the communication needing to go through a base station. Sidelink communication may be unicast or multicast, and may be used for device-to-device (D2D) media-sharing, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication (e.g., cellular V2X (cV2X) communication, enhanced V2X (eV2X) communication, etc.), emergency rescue applications, etc. One or more of a group of SL- UEs utilizing sidelink communications may be within the geographic coverage area 110 of a base station 102. Other SL-UEs in such a group may be outside the geographic coverage area 110 of a base station 102 or be otherwise unable to receive transmissions from a base station 102. In some cases, groups of SL-UEs communicating via sidelink communications may utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system in which each SL-UE transmits to every other SL-UE in the group. In some cases, a base station 102 facilitates the scheduling of resources for sidelink communications. In other cases, sidelink communications are carried out between SL-UEs without the involvement of a base station 102.

[0073] In an aspect, the sidelink 160 may operate over a wireless communication medium of interest, which may be shared with other wireless communications between other vehicles and / or infrastructure access points, as well as other RATs. A “medium” may be composed of one or more time, frequency, and / or space communication resources (e.g., encompassing one or more channels across one or more carriers) associated with wireless communication between one or more transmitter / receiver pairs. In an aspect, the medium of interest may correspond to at least a portion of an unlicensed frequency band shared among various RATs. Although different licensed frequency bands have been reserved for certain communication systems (e.g., by a government entity such as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States), these systems, in particular those employing small cell access points, have recently extended operation into 19 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO 20 unlicensed frequency bands such as the Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) band used by wireless local area network (WLAN) technologies, most notably IEEE 802.11x WLAN technologies generally referred to as “Wi-Fi.” Example systems of this type include different variants of CDMA systems, TDMA systems, FDMA systems, orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) systems, and so on.

[0074] Note that although FIG. 1 only illustrates two of the UEs as SL-UEs (i.e., UEs 164 and 182), any of the illustrated UEs may be SL-UEs. Further, although only UE 182 was described as being capable of beamforming, any of the illustrated UEs, including UE 164, may be capable of beamforming. Where SL-UEs are capable of beamforming, they may beamform towards each other (i.e., towards other SL-UEs), towards other UEs (e.g., UEs 104), towards base stations (e.g., base stations 102, 180, small cell 102’, access point 150), etc. Thus, in some cases, UEs 164 and 182 may utilize beamforming over sidelink 160.

[0075] In the example of FIG.1, any of the illustrated UEs (shown in FIG.1 as a single UE 104 for simplicity) may receive signals 124 from one or more Earth orbiting space vehicles (SVs) 112 (e.g., satellites). In an aspect, the SVs 112 may be part of a satellite positioning system that a UE 104 can use as an independent source of location information. A satellite positioning system typically includes a system of transmitters (e.g., SVs 112) positioned to enable receivers (e.g., UEs 104) to determine their location on or above the Earth based, at least in part, on positioning signals (e.g., signals 124) received from the transmitters. Such a transmitter typically transmits a signal marked with a repeating pseudo-random noise (PN) code of a set number of chips. While typically located in SVs 112, transmitters may sometimes be located on ground-based control stations, base stations 102, and / or other UEs 104. A UE 104 may include one or more dedicated receivers specifically designed to receive signals 124 for deriving geo location information from the SVs 112.

[0076] In a satellite positioning system, the use of signals 124 can be augmented by various satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS) that may be associated with or otherwise enabled for use with one or more global and / or regional navigation satellite systems. For example an SBAS may include an augmentation system(s) that provides integrity information, differential corrections, etc., such as the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS), the Multi- 20 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO functional Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS), the Global Positioning System (GPS) Aided Geo Augmented Navigation or GPS and Geo Augmented Navigation system (GAGAN), and / or the like. Thus, as used herein, a satellite positioning system may include any combination of one or more global and / or regional navigation satellites associated with such one or more satellite positioning systems.

[0077] In an aspect, SVs 112 may additionally or alternatively be part of one or more non- terrestrial networks (NTNs). In an NTN, an SV 112 is connected to an earth station (also referred to as a ground station, NTN gateway, or gateway), which in turn is connected to an element in a 5G network, such as a modified base station 102 (without a terrestrial antenna) or a network node in a 5GC. This element would in turn provide access to other elements in the 5G network and ultimately to entities external to the 5G network, such as Internet web servers and other user devices. In that way, a UE 104 may receive communication signals (e.g., signals 124) from an SV 112 instead of, or in addition to, communication signals from a terrestrial base station 102.

[0078] The wireless communications system 100 may further include one or more UEs, such as UE 190, that connects indirectly to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (referred to as “sidelinks”). In the example of FIG. 1, UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of the UEs 104 connected to one of the base stations 102 (e.g., through which UE 190 may indirectly obtain cellular connectivity) and a D2D P2P link 194 with WLAN STA 152 connected to the WLAN AP 150 (through which UE 190 may indirectly obtain WLAN-based Internet connectivity). In an example, the D2D P2P links 192 and 194 may be supported with any well-known D2D RAT, such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), WI-FI DIRECT®, BLUETOOTH®, and so on.

[0079] FIG.2A illustrates an example wireless network structure 200. For example, a 5GC 210 (also referred to as a Next Generation Core (NGC)) can be viewed functionally as control plane (C-plane) functions 214 (e.g., UE registration, authentication, network access, gateway selection, etc.) and user plane (U-plane) functions 212, (e.g., UE gateway function, access to data networks, IP routing, etc.) which operate cooperatively to form the core network. User plane interface (NG-U) 213 and control plane interface (NG-C) 215 connect the gNB 222 to the 5GC 210 and specifically to the user plane functions 212 and control plane functions 214, respectively. In an additional configuration, an ng-eNB 21 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO 224 may also be connected to the 5GC 210 via NG-C 215 to the control plane functions 214 and NG-U 213 to user plane functions 212. Further, ng-eNB 224 may directly communicate with gNB 222 via a backhaul connection 223. In some configurations, a Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN) 220 may have one or more gNBs 222, while other configurations include one or more of both ng-eNBs 224 and gNBs 222. Either (or both) gNB 222 or ng-eNB 224 may communicate with one or more UEs 204 (e.g., any of the UEs described herein).

[0080] Another optional aspect may include a location server 230, which may be in communication with the 5GC 210 to provide location assistance for UE(s) 204. The location server 230 can be implemented as a plurality of separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules spread across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternately may each correspond to a single server. The location server 230 can be configured to support one or more location services for UEs 204 that can connect to the location server 230 via the core network, 5GC 210, and / or via the Internet (not illustrated). Further, the location server 230 may be integrated into a component of the core network, or alternatively may be external to the core network (e.g., a third party server, such as an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) server or service server).

[0081] FIG.2B illustrates another example wireless network structure 240. A 5GC 260 (which may correspond to 5GC 210 in FIG. 2A) can be viewed functionally as control plane functions, provided by an access and mobility management function (AMF) 264, and user plane functions, provided by a user plane function (UPF) 262, which operate cooperatively to form the core network (i.e., 5GC 260). The functions of the AMF 264 include registration management, connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception, transport for session management (SM) messages between one or more UEs 204 (e.g., any of the UEs described herein) and a session management function (SMF) 266, transparent proxy services for routing SM messages, access authentication and access authorization, transport for short message service (SMS) messages between the UE 204 and the short message service function (SMSF) (not shown), and security anchor functionality (SEAF). The AMF 264 also interacts with an authentication server function (AUSF) (not shown) and the UE 204, and receives the intermediate key that was established as a result of the UE 204 authentication 22 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO 23 process. In the case of authentication based on a UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system) subscriber identity module (USIM), the AMF 264 retrieves the security material from the AUSF. The functions of the AMF 264 also include security context management (SCM). The SCM receives a key from the SEAF that it uses to derive access-network specific keys. The functionality of the AMF 264 also includes location services management for regulatory services, transport for location services messages between the UE 204 and a location management function (LMF) 270 (which acts as a location server 230), transport for location services messages between the NG- RAN 220 and the LMF 270, evolved packet system (EPS) bearer identifier allocation for interworking with the EPS, and UE 204 mobility event notification. In addition, the AMF 264 also supports functionalities for non-3GPP® (Third Generation Partnership Project) access networks.

[0082] Functions of the UPF 262 include acting as an anchor point for intra / inter-RAT mobility (when applicable), acting as an external protocol data unit (PDU) session point of interconnect to a data network (not shown), providing packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, user plane policy rule enforcement (e.g., gating, redirection, traffic steering), lawful interception (user plane collection), traffic usage reporting, quality of service (QoS) handling for the user plane (e.g., uplink / downlink rate enforcement, reflective QoS marking in the downlink), uplink traffic verification (service data flow (SDF) to QoS flow mapping), transport level packet marking in the uplink and downlink, downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering, and sending and forwarding of one or more “end markers” to the source RAN node. The UPF 262 may also support transfer of location services messages over a user plane between the UE 204 and a location server, such as an SLP 272.

[0083] The functions of the SMF 266 include session management, UE Internet protocol (IP) address allocation and management, selection and control of user plane functions, configuration of traffic steering at the UPF 262 to route traffic to the proper destination, control of part of policy enforcement and QoS, and downlink data notification. The interface over which the SMF 266 communicates with the AMF 264 is referred to as the N11 interface.

[0084] Another optional aspect may include an LMF 270, which may be in communication with the 5GC 260 to provide location assistance for UEs 204. The LMF 270 can be 23 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO 24 implemented as a plurality of separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules spread across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternately may each correspond to a single server. The LMF 270 can be configured to support one or more location services for UEs 204 that can connect to the LMF 270 via the core network, 5GC 260, and / or via the Internet (not illustrated). The SLP 272 may support similar functions to the LMF 270, but whereas the LMF 270 may communicate with the AMF 264, NG-RAN 220, and UEs 204 over a control plane (e.g., using interfaces and protocols intended to convey signaling messages and not voice or data), the SLP 272 may communicate with UEs 204 and external clients (e.g., third-party server 274) over a user plane (e.g., using protocols intended to carry voice and / or data like the transmission control protocol (TCP) and / or IP).

[0085] Yet another optional aspect may include a third-party server 274, which may be in communication with the LMF 270, the SLP 272, the 5GC 260 (e.g., via the AMF 264 and / or the UPF 262), the NG-RAN 220, and / or the UE 204 to obtain location information (e.g., a location estimate) for the UE 204. As such, in some cases, the third-party server 274 may be referred to as a location services (LCS) client or an external client. The third- party server 274 can be implemented as a plurality of separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules spread across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternately may each correspond to a single server.

[0086] User plane interface 263 and control plane interface 265 connect the 5GC 260, and specifically the UPF 262 and AMF 264, respectively, to one or more gNBs 222 and / or ng-eNBs 224 in the NG-RAN 220. The interface between gNB(s) 222 and / or ng-eNB(s) 224 and the AMF 264 is referred to as the “N2” interface, and the interface between gNB(s) 222 and / or ng-eNB(s) 224 and the UPF 262 is referred to as the “N3” interface. The gNB(s) 222 and / or ng-eNB(s) 224 of the NG-RAN 220 may communicate directly with each other via backhaul connections 223, referred to as the “Xn-C” interface. One or more of gNBs 222 and / or ng-eNBs 224 may communicate with one or more UEs 204 over a wireless interface, referred to as the “Uu” interface.

[0087] The functionality of a gNB 222 may be divided between a gNB central unit (gNB-CU) 226, one or more gNB distributed units (gNB-DUs) 228, and one or more gNB radio units (gNB-RUs) 229. A gNB-CU 226 is a logical node that includes the base station functions 24 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO of transferring user data, mobility control, radio access network sharing, positioning, session management, and the like, except for those functions allocated exclusively to the gNB-DU(s) 228. More specifically, the gNB-CU 226 generally host the radio resource control (RRC), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) protocols of the gNB 222. A gNB-DU 228 is a logical node that generally hosts the radio link control (RLC) and medium access control (MAC) layer of the gNB 222. Its operation is controlled by the gNB-CU 226. One gNB-DU 228 can support one or more cells, and one cell is supported by only one gNB-DU 228. The interface 232 between the gNB-CU 226 and the one or more gNB-DUs 228 is referred to as the “F1” interface. The physical (PHY) layer functionality of a gNB 222 is generally hosted by one or more standalone gNB-RUs 229 that perform functions such as power amplification and signal transmission / reception. The interface between a gNB-DU 228 and a gNB-RU 229 is referred to as the “Fx” interface. Thus, a UE 204 communicates with the gNB-CU 226 via the RRC, SDAP, and PDCP layers, with a gNB-DU 228 via the RLC and MAC layers, and with a gNB-RU 229 via the PHY layer.

[0088] Deployment of communication systems, such as 5G NR systems, may be arranged in multiple manners with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system, or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a RAN node, a core network node, a network element, or a network equipment, such as a base station, or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality, may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a base station (such as a Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR base station, 5G NB, access point (AP), a transmit receive point (TRP), or a cell, etc.) may be implemented as an aggregated base station (also known as a standalone base station or a monolithic base station) or a disaggregated base station.

[0089] An aggregated base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A disaggregated base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs)). In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or 25 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO multiple other RAN nodes. The DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU and RU also can be implemented as virtual units, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0090] Base station-type operation or network design may consider aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, disaggregated base stations may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (such as the network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN ALLIANCE®)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C- RAN)). Disaggregation may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as distributing functionality for at least one unit virtually, which can enable flexibility in network design. The various units of the disaggregated base station, or disaggregated RAN architecture, can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0091] FIG. 2C illustrates an example disaggregated base station architecture 250, according to aspects of the disclosure. The disaggregated base station architecture 250 may include one or more central units (CUs) 280 (e.g., gNB-CU 226) that can communicate directly with a core network 267 (e.g., 5GC 210, 5GC 260) via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 267 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 259 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 257 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 255, or both). A CU 280 may communicate with one or more DUs 285 (e.g., gNB-DUs 228) via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DUs 285 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 287 (e.g., gNB-RUs 229) via respective fronthaul links. The RUs 287 may communicate with respective UEs 204 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE 204 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 287.

[0092] Each of the units, i.e., the CUs 280, the DUs 285, the RUs 287, as well as the Near-RT RICs 259, the Non-RT RICs 257 and the SMO Framework 255, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of the units, can be configured to communicate with one 26 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO 27 or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units. Additionally, the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as a RF transceiver), configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.

[0093] In some aspects, the CU 280 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include RRC, PDCP, service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 280. The CU 280 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit – User Plane (CU- UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit – Control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 280 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 280 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 285, as necessary, for network control and signaling.

[0094] The DU 285 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 287. In some aspects, the DU 285 may host one or more of a RLC layer, a MAC layer, and one or more high PHY layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®). In some aspects, the DU 285 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 285, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 280.

[0095] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 287. In some deployments, an RU 287, controlled by a DU 285, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random 27 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO 28 access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like), or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, the RU(s) 287 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 204. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU(s) 287 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 285. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DU(s) 285 and the CU 280 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

[0096] The SMO Framework 255 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 255 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 255 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 269) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 280, DUs 285, RUs 287 and Near-RT RICs 259. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 255 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 261, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 255 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 287 via an O1 interface. The SMO Framework 255 also may include a Non-RT RIC 257 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 255.

[0097] The Non-RT RIC 257 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non- real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the Near-RT RIC 259. The Non-RT RIC 257 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near- RT RIC 259. The Near-RT RIC 259 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or 28 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO more CUs 280, one or more DUs 285, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 259.

[0098] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 259, the Non-RT RIC 257 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 259 and may be received at the SMO Framework 255 or the Non-RT RIC 257 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 257 or the Near-RT RIC 259 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 257 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 255 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0099] FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C illustrate several example components (represented by corresponding blocks) that may be incorporated into a UE 302 (which may correspond to any of the UEs described herein), a base station 304 (which may correspond to any of the base stations described herein), and a network entity 306 (which may correspond to or embody any of the network functions described herein, including the location server 230 and the LMF 270, or alternatively may be independent from the NG-RAN 220 and / or 5GC 210 / 260 infrastructure depicted in FIGS. 2A and 2B, such as a private network) to support the operations described herein. It will be appreciated that these components may be implemented in different types of apparatuses in different implementations (e.g., in an ASIC, in a system-on-chip (SoC), etc.). The illustrated components may also be incorporated into other apparatuses in a communication system. For example, other apparatuses in a system may include components similar to those described to provide similar functionality. Also, a given apparatus may contain one or more of the components. For example, an apparatus may include multiple transceiver components that enable the apparatus to operate on multiple carriers and / or communicate via different technologies.

[0100] The UE 302 and the base station 304 each include one or more wireless wide area network (WWAN) transceivers 310 and 350, respectively, providing means for communicating (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, means for measuring, means for tuning, means for refraining from transmitting, etc.) via one or more wireless communication networks (not shown), such as an NR network, an LTE network, a GSM network, and / or 29 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO the like. The WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 may each be connected to one or more antennas 316 and 356, respectively, for communicating with other network nodes, such as other UEs, access points, base stations (e.g., eNBs, gNBs), etc., via at least one designated RAT (e.g., NR, LTE, GSM, etc.) over a wireless communication medium of interest (e.g., some set of time / frequency resources in a particular frequency spectrum). The WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 may be variously configured for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, and so on), respectively, and, conversely, for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, and so on), respectively, in accordance with the designated RAT. Specifically, the WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 include one or more transmitters 314 and 354, respectively, for transmitting and encoding signals 318 and 358, respectively, and one or more receivers 312 and 352, respectively, for receiving and decoding signals 318 and 358, respectively.

[0101] The UE 302 and the base station 304 each also include, at least in some cases, one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360, respectively. The short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be connected to one or more antennas 326 and 366, respectively, and provide means for communicating (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, means for measuring, means for tuning, means for refraining from transmitting, etc.) with other network nodes, such as other UEs, access points, base stations, etc., via at least one designated RAT (e.g., Wi-Fi, LTE Direct, BLUETOOTH®, ZIGBEE®, Z-WAVE®, PC5, dedicated short-range communications (DSRC), wireless access for vehicular environments (WAVE), near-field communication (NFC), ultra- wideband (UWB), etc.) over a wireless communication medium of interest. The short- range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be variously configured for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, and so on), respectively, and, conversely, for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, and so on), respectively, in accordance with the designated RAT. Specifically, the short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 include one or more transmitters 324 and 364, respectively, for transmitting and encoding signals 328 and 368, respectively, and one or more receivers 322 and 362, respectively, for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368, respectively. As specific examples, the short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be Wi-Fi transceivers, 30 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO BLUETOOTH® transceivers, ZIGBEE® and / or Z-WAVE® transceivers, NFC transceivers, UWB transceivers, or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and / or vehicle-to- everything (V2X) transceivers.

[0102] The UE 302 and the base station 304 also include, at least in some cases, satellite signal receivers 330 and 370. The satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may be connected to one or more antennas 336 and 376, respectively, and may provide means for receiving and / or measuring satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378, respectively. Where the satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 are satellite positioning system receivers, the satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378 may be global positioning system (GPS) signals, global navigation satellite system (GLONASS®) signals, Galileo signals, Beidou signals, Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (NAVIC), Quasi- Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), etc. Where the satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 are non-terrestrial network (NTN) receivers, the satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378 may be communication signals (e.g., carrying control and / or user data) originating from a 5G network. The satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may comprise any suitable hardware and / or software for receiving and processing satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378, respectively. The satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may request information and operations as appropriate from the other systems, and, at least in some cases, perform calculations to determine locations of the UE 302 and the base station 304, respectively, using measurements obtained by any suitable satellite positioning system algorithm.

[0103] The base station 304 and the network entity 306 each include one or more network transceivers 380 and 390, respectively, providing means for communicating (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, etc.) with other network entities (e.g., other base stations 304, other network entities 306). For example, the base station 304 may employ the one or more network transceivers 380 to communicate with other base stations 304 or network entities 306 over one or more wired or wireless backhaul links. As another example, the network entity 306 may employ the one or more network transceivers 390 to communicate with one or more base station 304 over one or more wired or wireless backhaul links, or with other network entities 306 over one or more wired or wireless core network interfaces. 31 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO

[0104] A transceiver may be configured to communicate over a wired or wireless link. A transceiver (whether a wired transceiver or a wireless transceiver) includes transmitter circuitry (e.g., transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364) and receiver circuitry (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352, 362). A transceiver may be an integrated device (e.g., embodying transmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry in a single device) in some implementations, may comprise separate transmitter circuitry and separate receiver circuitry in some implementations, or may be embodied in other ways in other implementations. The transmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry of a wired transceiver (e.g., network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations) may be coupled to one or more wired network interface ports. Wireless transmitter circuitry (e.g., transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364) may include or be coupled to a plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, that permits the respective apparatus (e.g., UE 302, base station 304) to perform transmit “beamforming,” as described herein. Similarly, wireless receiver circuitry (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352, 362) may include or be coupled to a plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as an antenna array, that permits the respective apparatus (e.g., UE 302, base station 304) to perform receive beamforming, as described herein. In an aspect, the transmitter circuitry and receiver circuitry may share the same plurality of antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such that the respective apparatus can only receive or transmit at a given time, not both at the same time. A wireless transceiver (e.g., WWAN transceivers 310 and 350, short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360) may also include a network listen module (NLM) or the like for performing various measurements.

[0105] As used herein, the various wireless transceivers (e.g., transceivers 310, 320, 350, and 360, and network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations) and wired transceivers (e.g., network transceivers 380 and 390 in some implementations) may generally be characterized as “a transceiver,” “at least one transceiver,” or “one or more transceivers.” As such, whether a particular transceiver is a wired or wireless transceiver may be inferred from the type of communication performed. For example, backhaul communication between network devices or servers will generally relate to signaling via a wired transceiver, whereas wireless communication between a UE (e.g., UE 302) and a base station (e.g., base station 304) will generally relate to signaling via a wireless transceiver. 32 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO

[0106] The UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 also include other components that may be used in conjunction with the operations as disclosed herein. The UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 include one or more processors 332, 384, and 394, respectively, for providing functionality relating to, for example, wireless communication, and for providing other processing functionality. The processors 332, 384, and 394 may therefore provide means for processing, such as means for determining, means for calculating, means for receiving, means for transmitting, means for indicating, etc. In an aspect, the processors 332, 384, and 394 may include, for example, one or more general purpose processors, multi-core processors, central processing units (CPUs), ASICs, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), other programmable logic devices or processing circuitry, or various combinations thereof.

[0107] The UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 include memory circuitry implementing memories 340, 386, and 396 (e.g., each including a memory device), respectively, for maintaining information (e.g., information indicative of reserved resources, thresholds, parameters, and so on). The memories 340, 386, and 396 may therefore provide means for storing, means for retrieving, means for maintaining, etc. In some cases, the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 may include positioning component 342, 388, and 398, respectively. The positioning component 342, 388, and 398 may be hardware circuits that are part of or coupled to the processors 332, 384, and 394, respectively, that, when executed, cause the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein. In other aspects, the positioning component 342, 388, and 398 may be external to the processors 332, 384, and 394 (e.g., part of a modem processing system, integrated with another processing system, etc.). Alternatively, the positioning component 342, 388, and 398 may be memory modules stored in the memories 340, 386, and 396, respectively, that, when executed by the processors 332, 384, and 394 (or a modem processing system, another processing system, etc.), cause the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein. FIG. 3A illustrates possible locations of the positioning component 342, which may be, for example, part of the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the memory 340, the one or more processors 332, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component. FIG. 3B illustrates possible 33 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO locations of the positioning component 388, which may be, for example, part of the one or more WWAN transceivers 350, the memory 386, the one or more processors 384, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component. FIG.3C illustrates possible locations of the positioning component 398, which may be, for example, part of the one or more network transceivers 390, the memory 396, the one or more processors 394, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component.

[0108] The UE 302 may include one or more sensors 344 coupled to the one or more processors 332 to provide means for sensing or detecting movement and / or orientation information that is independent of motion data derived from signals received by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320, and / or the satellite signal receiver 330. By way of example, the sensor(s) 344 may include an accelerometer (e.g., a micro-electrical mechanical systems (MEMS) device), a gyroscope, a geomagnetic sensor (e.g., a compass), an altimeter (e.g., a barometric pressure altimeter), and / or any other type of movement detection sensor. Moreover, the sensor(s) 344 may include a plurality of different types of devices and combine their outputs in order to provide motion information. For example, the sensor(s) 344 may use a combination of a multi-axis accelerometer and orientation sensors to provide the ability to compute positions in two-dimensional (2D) and / or three-dimensional (3D) coordinate systems.

[0109] In addition, the UE 302 includes a user interface 346 providing means for providing indications (e.g., audible and / or visual indications) to a user and / or for receiving user input (e.g., upon user actuation of a sensing device such a keypad, a touch screen, a microphone, and so on). Although not shown, the base station 304 and the network entity 306 may also include user interfaces.

[0110] Referring to the one or more processors 384 in more detail, in the downlink, IP packets from the network entity 306 may be provided to the processor 384. The one or more processors 384 may implement functionality for an RRC layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The one or more processors 384 may provide RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., master information block (MIB), system information blocks (SIBs)), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and 34 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO RRC connection release), inter-RAT mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ), concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, scheduling information reporting, error correction, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0111] The transmitter 354 and the receiver 352 may implement Layer-1 (L1) functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer-1, which includes a physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels, modulation / demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antenna processing. The transmitter 354 handles mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols may then be split into parallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM symbol stream is spatially precoded to produce multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimate may be derived from a reference signal and / or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 302. Each spatial stream may then be provided to one or more different antennas 356. The transmitter 354 may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.

[0112] At the UE 302, the receiver 312 receives a signal through its respective antenna(s) 316. The receiver 312 recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the 35 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO information to the one or more processors 332. The transmitter 314 and the receiver 312 implement Layer-1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The receiver 312 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 302. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 302, they may be combined by the receiver 312 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The receiver 312 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time-domain to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The frequency domain signal comprises a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 304. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimates computed by a channel estimator. The soft decisions are then decoded and de-interleaved to recover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted by the base station 304 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to the one or more processors 332, which implements Layer-3 (L3) and Layer-2 (L2) functionality.

[0113] In the downlink, the one or more processors 332 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets from the core network. The one or more processors 332 are also responsible for error detection.

[0114] Similar to the functionality described in connection with the downlink transmission by the base station 304, the one or more processors 332 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, and security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), priority handling, and logical channel prioritization. 36 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO

[0115] Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 304 may be used by the transmitter 314 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the transmitter 314 may be provided to different antenna(s) 316. The transmitter 314 may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.

[0116] The uplink transmission is processed at the base station 304 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver function at the UE 302. The receiver 352 receives a signal through its respective antenna(s) 356. The receiver 352 recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the one or more processors 384.

[0117] In the uplink, the one or more processors 384 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets from the UE 302. IP packets from the one or more processors 384 may be provided to the core network. The one or more processors 384 are also responsible for error detection.

[0118] For convenience, the UE 302, the base station 304, and / or the network entity 306 are shown in FIGS.3A, 3B, and 3C as including various components that may be configured according to the various examples described herein. It will be appreciated, however, that the illustrated components may have different functionality in different designs. In particular, various components in FIGS. 3A to 3C are optional in alternative configurations and the various aspects include configurations that may vary due to design choice, costs, use of the device, or other considerations. For example, in case of FIG.3A, a particular implementation of UE 302 may omit the WWAN transceiver(s) 310 (e.g., a wearable device or tablet computer or personal computer (PC) or laptop may have Wi-Fi and / or BLUETOOTH® capability without cellular capability), or may omit the short- range wireless transceiver(s) 320 (e.g., cellular-only, etc.), or may omit the satellite signal receiver 330, or may omit the sensor(s) 344, and so on. In another example, in case of FIG. 3B, a particular implementation of the base station 304 may omit the WWAN transceiver(s) 350 (e.g., a Wi-Fi “hotspot” access point without cellular capability), or may omit the short-range wireless transceiver(s) 360 (e.g., cellular-only, etc.), or may omit the satellite signal receiver 370, and so on. For brevity, illustration of the various 37 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO alternative configurations is not provided herein, but would be readily understandable to one skilled in the art.

[0119] The various components of the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306 may be communicatively coupled to each other over data buses 334, 382, and 392, respectively. In an aspect, the data buses 334, 382, and 392 may form, or be part of, a communication interface of the UE 302, the base station 304, and the network entity 306, respectively. For example, where different logical entities are embodied in the same device (e.g., gNB and location server functionality incorporated into the same base station 304), the data buses 334, 382, and 392 may provide communication between them.

[0120] The components of FIGS.3A, 3B, and 3C may be implemented in various ways. In some implementations, the components of FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C may be implemented in one or more circuits such as, for example, one or more processors and / or one or more ASICs (which may include one or more processors). Here, each circuit may use and / or incorporate at least one memory component for storing information or executable code used by the circuit to provide this functionality. For example, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 310 to 346 may be implemented by processor and memory component(s) of the UE 302 (e.g., by execution of appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of processor components). Similarly, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 350 to 388 may be implemented by processor and memory component(s) of the base station 304 (e.g., by execution of appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of processor components). Also, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 390 to 398 may be implemented by processor and memory component(s) of the network entity 306 (e.g., by execution of appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of processor components). For simplicity, various operations, acts, and / or functions are described herein as being performed “by a UE,” “by a base station,” “by a network entity,” etc. However, as will be appreciated, such operations, acts, and / or functions may actually be performed by specific components or combinations of components of the UE 302, base station 304, network entity 306, etc., such as the processors 332, 384, 394, the transceivers 310, 320, 350, and 360, the memories 340, 386, and 396, the positioning component 342, 388, and 398, etc.

[0121] In some designs, the network entity 306 may be implemented as a core network component. In other designs, the network entity 306 may be distinct from a network 38 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO operator or operation of the cellular network infrastructure (e.g., NG RAN 220 and / or 5GC 210 / 260). For example, the network entity 306 may be a component of a private network that may be configured to communicate with the UE 302 via the base station 304 or independently from the base station 304 (e.g., over a non-cellular communication link, such as Wi-Fi).

[0122] FIG. 4 illustrates an example Long-Term Evolution (LTE) positioning protocol (LPP) procedure 400 between a UE 404 and a location server (illustrated as a location management function (LMF) 470) for performing positioning operations. As illustrated in FIG. 4, positioning of the UE 404 is supported via an exchange of LPP messages between the UE 404 and the LMF 470. The LPP messages may be exchanged between UE 404 and the LMF 470 via the UE’s 404 serving base station (illustrated as a serving gNB 402) and a core network (not shown). The LPP procedure 400 may be used to position the UE 404 in order to support various location-related services, such as navigation for UE 404 (or for the user of UE 404), or for routing, or for provision of an accurate location to a public safety answering point (PSAP) in association with an emergency call from UE 404 to a PSAP, or for some other reason. The LPP procedure 400 may also be referred to as a positioning session, and there may be multiple positioning sessions for different types of positioning methods (e.g., downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), round-trip-time (RTT), enhanced cell identity (E-CID), etc.).

[0123] Initially, the UE 404 may receive a request for its positioning capabilities from the LMF 470 at stage 410 (e.g., an LPP Request Capabilities message). At stage 420, the UE 404 provides its positioning capabilities to the LMF 470 relative to the LPP protocol by sending an LPP Provide Capabilities message to LMF 470 indicating the position methods and features of these position methods that are supported by the UE 404 using LPP. The capabilities indicated in the LPP Provide Capabilities message may, in some aspects, indicate the type of positioning the UE 404 supports (e.g., DL-TDOA, RTT, E- CID, etc.) and may indicate the capabilities of the UE 404 to support those types of positioning.

[0124] Upon reception of the LPP Provide Capabilities message, at stage 420, the LMF 470 determines to use a particular type of positioning method (e.g., DL-TDOA, RTT, E-CID, etc.) based on the indicated type(s) of positioning the UE 404 supports and determines a set of one or more transmission-reception points (TRPs) from which the UE 404 is to 39 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO measure downlink positioning reference signals or towards which the UE 404 is to transmit uplink positioning reference signals. At stage 430, the LMF 470 sends an LPP Provide Assistance Data message to the UE 404 identifying the set of TRPs.

[0125] In some implementations, the LPP Provide Assistance Data message at stage 430 may be sent by the LMF 470 to the UE 404 in response to an LPP Request Assistance Data message sent by the UE 404 to the LMF 470 (not shown in FIG. 4). An LPP Request Assistance Data message may include an identifier of the UE’s 404 serving TRP and a request for the positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration of neighboring TRPs.

[0126] At stage 440, the LMF 470 sends a request for location information to the UE 404. The request may be an LPP Request Location Information message. This message usually includes information elements defining the location information type, desired accuracy of the location estimate, and response time (i.e., desired latency). Note that a low latency requirement allows for a longer response time while a high latency requirement requires a shorter response time. However, a long response time is referred to as high latency and a short response time is referred to as low latency.

[0127] Note that in some implementations, the LPP Provide Assistance Data message sent at stage 430 may be sent after the LPP Request Location Information message at 440 if, for example, the UE 404 sends a request for assistance data to LMF 470 (e.g., in an LPP Request Assistance Data message, not shown in FIG. 4) after receiving the request for location information at stage 440.

[0128] At stage 450, the UE 404 utilizes the assistance information received at stage 430 and any additional data (e.g., a desired location accuracy or a maximum response time) received at stage 440 to perform positioning operations (e.g., measurements of DL-PRS, transmission of UL-PRS, etc.) for the selected positioning method.

[0129] At stage 460, the UE 404 may send an LPP Provide Location Information message to the LMF 470 conveying the results of any measurements that were obtained at stage 450 (e.g., time of arrival (ToA), reference signal time difference (RSTD), reception-to-transmission (Rx-Tx), etc.) and before or when any maximum response time has expired (e.g., a maximum response time provided by the LMF 470 at stage 440). The LPP Provide Location Information message at stage 460 may also include the time (or times) at which the positioning measurements were obtained and the identity of the TRP(s) from which the positioning measurements were obtained. Note that the time between the request for 40 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO location information at 440 and the response at 460 is the “response time” and indicates the latency of the positioning session.

[0130] The LMF 470 computes an estimated location of the UE 404 using the appropriate positioning techniques (e.g., DL-TDOA, RTT, E-CID, etc.) based, at least in part, on measurements received in the LPP Provide Location Information message at stage 460.

[0131] NR supports a number of cellular network-based positioning technologies, including downlink-based, uplink-based, and downlink-and-uplink-based positioning methods. Downlink-based positioning methods include observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) in LTE, downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA) in NR, and downlink angle-of-departure (DL-AoD) in NR. FIG. 5 illustrates examples of various positioning methods, according to aspects of the disclosure. In an OTDOA or DL-TDOA positioning procedure, illustrated by scenario 510, a UE measures the differences between the times of arrival (ToAs) of reference signals (e.g., positioning reference signals (PRS)) received from pairs of base stations, referred to as reference signal time difference (RSTD) or time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements, and reports them to a positioning entity. More specifically, the UE receives the identifiers (IDs) of a reference base station (e.g., a serving base station) and multiple non-reference base stations in assistance data. The UE then measures the RSTD between the reference base station and each of the non-reference base stations. Based on the known locations of the involved base stations and the RSTD measurements, the positioning entity (e.g., the UE for UE-based positioning or a location server for UE-assisted positioning) can estimate the UE’s location.

[0132] For DL-AoD positioning, illustrated by scenario 520, the positioning entity uses a measurement report from the UE of received signal strength measurements of multiple downlink transmit beams to determine the angle(s) between the UE and the transmitting base station(s). The positioning entity can then estimate the location of the UE based on the determined angle(s) and the known location(s) of the transmitting base station(s).

[0133] Uplink-based positioning methods include uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA) and uplink angle-of-arrival (UL-AoA). UL-TDOA is similar to DL-TDOA, but is based on uplink reference signals (e.g., sounding reference signals (SRS)) transmitted by the UE to multiple base stations. Specifically, a UE transmits one or more uplink reference signals that are measured by a reference base station and a plurality of non-reference base stations. Each base station then reports the reception time (referred to as the relative time 41 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO of arrival (RTOA)) of the reference signal(s) to a positioning entity (e.g., a location server) that knows the locations and relative timing of the involved base stations. Based on the reception-to-reception (Rx-Rx) time difference between the reported RTOA of the reference base station and the reported RTOA of each non-reference base station, the known locations of the base stations, and their known timing offsets, the positioning entity can estimate the location of the UE using TDOA.

[0134] For UL-AoA positioning, one or more base stations measure the received signal strength of one or more uplink reference signals (e.g., SRS) received from a UE on one or more uplink receive beams. The positioning entity uses the signal strength measurements and the angle(s) of the receive beam(s) to determine the angle(s) between the UE and the base station(s). Based on the determined angle(s) and the known location(s) of the base station(s), the positioning entity can then estimate the location of the UE.

[0135] Downlink-and-uplink-based positioning methods include enhanced cell-ID (E-CID) positioning and multi-round-trip-time (RTT) positioning (also referred to as “multi-cell RTT” and “multi-RTT”). In an RTT procedure, a first entity (e.g., a base station or a UE) transmits a first RTT-related signal (e.g., a PRS or SRS) to a second entity (e.g., a UE or base station), which transmits a second RTT-related signal (e.g., an SRS or PRS) back to the first entity. Each entity measures the time difference between the time of arrival (ToA) of the received RTT-related signal and the transmission time of the transmitted RTT-related signal. This time difference is referred to as a reception-to-transmission (Rx- Tx) time difference. The Rx-Tx time difference measurement may be made, or may be adjusted, to include only a time difference between nearest slot boundaries for the received and transmitted signals. Both entities may then send their Rx-Tx time difference measurement to a location server (e.g., an LMF 270), which calculates the round trip propagation time (i.e., RTT) between the two entities from the two Rx-Tx time difference measurements (e.g., as the sum of the two Rx-Tx time difference measurements). Alternatively, one entity may send its Rx-Tx time difference measurement to the other entity, which then calculates the RTT. The distance between the two entities can be determined from the RTT and the known signal speed (e.g., the speed of light). For multi- RTT positioning, illustrated by scenario 530, a first entity (e.g., a UE or base station) performs an RTT positioning procedure with multiple second entities (e.g., multiple base stations or UEs) to enable the location of the first entity to be determined (e.g., using 42 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO multilateration) based on distances to, and the known locations of, the second entities. RTT and multi-RTT methods can be combined with other positioning techniques, such as UL-AoA and DL-AoD, to improve location accuracy, as illustrated by scenario 540.

[0136] The E-CID positioning method is based on radio resource management (RRM) measurements. In E-CID, the UE reports the serving cell ID, the timing advance (TA), and the identifiers, estimated timing, and signal strength of detected neighbor base stations. The location of the UE is then estimated based on this information and the known locations of the base station(s).

[0137] To assist positioning operations, a location server (e.g., location server 230, LMF 270, SLP 272) may provide assistance data to the UE. For example, the assistance data may include identifiers of the base stations (or the cells / TRPs of the base stations) from which to measure reference signals, the reference signal configuration parameters (e.g., the number of consecutive slots including PRS, periodicity of the consecutive slots including PRS, muting sequence, frequency hopping sequence, reference signal identifier, reference signal bandwidth, etc.), and / or other parameters applicable to the particular positioning method. Alternatively, the assistance data may originate directly from the base stations themselves (e.g., in periodically broadcasted overhead messages, etc.). In some cases, the UE may be able to detect neighbor network nodes itself without the use of assistance data.

[0138] In the case of an OTDOA or DL-TDOA positioning procedure, the assistance data may further include an expected RSTD value and an associated uncertainty, or search window, around the expected RSTD. In some cases, the value range of the expected RSTD may be + / - 500 microseconds (μs). In some cases, when any of the resources used for the positioning measurement are in FR1, the value range for the uncertainty of the expected RSTD may be + / - 32 μs. In other cases, when all of the resources used for the positioning measurement(s) are in FR2, the value range for the uncertainty of the expected RSTD may be + / - 8 μs.

[0139] A location estimate may be referred to by other names, such as a position estimate, location, position, position fix, fix, or the like. A location estimate may be geodetic and comprise coordinates (e.g., latitude, longitude, and possibly altitude) or may be civic and comprise a street address, postal address, or some other verbal description of a location. A location estimate may further be defined relative to some other known location or 43 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO defined in absolute terms (e.g., using latitude, longitude, and possibly altitude). A location estimate may include an expected error or uncertainty (e.g., by including an area or volume within which the location is expected to be included with some specified or default level of confidence).

[0140] Currently, a UE is expected to report one or more measurement instances (of RSTD, downlink RSRP, and / or UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements) in a single measurement report (e.g., an LPP Provide Location Information message) to the location server for UE-assisted positioning (there is no such reporting for UE-based positioning). Each measurement instance is reported with its own timestamp, and the measurement instances may be within a (configured) measurement window. Note that a measurement instance refers to one or more measurements, which can either be the same or different types, and which are obtained from the same DL-PRS resource(s).

[0141] A UE is configured with a measurement period (also referred to as a “measurement window”) during which it is expected to measure PRS. For example, the measurement period formulation for PRS RSTD measurements is specified as:

[0142] In the above equations: - ^ is the index of the positioning frequency layer; - ^ is the total number of positioning frequency layers; - T^^^^ୡ^,^is the periodicity of the PRS RSTD measurement in positioning frequency layer- Tୗ^ୈ,୧is the measurement period for PRS RSTD measurement in positioning frequency layer i as specified below: -^௫^^^^,^is the UE receive beam sweeping factor. In FR1,^௫^^^^,^= 1, and in FR2,^௫^^^^,^= 8. Note that the more receive beams, the more PRS resources the UE will need; - ^^^^^ோௌ,^is the carrier-specific scaling factor (CSSF) for NR PRS-based based 44 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO positioning measurements in frequency layer i; -^^^ோ^^ௌ௧,^is the maximum number of DL-PRS resources in positioning frequency layer i configured in a slot; - ^’ is the UE capability for the number of DL-PRS resources that it can process in a slot as indicated by the “maxNumOfDL-PRS-ResProcessedPerSlot” LPP IE; - ^^௩^^^^^^^_^ோௌ,୧is the time duration of available PRS in the positioning frequency layer i to be measured during^^௩^^^^^^^_^ோௌ,^, and is calculated in the same way as the PRS duration K. For calculation of ^^௩^^^^^^^_^ோௌ,୧, only the PRS resources unmuted and fully or partially overlapped with a measurement gap are considered; -^^^^^^^is the number of PRS RSTD measurement samples. As an example, ^^^^^^^= 4; - Tlast,iis the measurement duration for the last PRS RSTD sample in positioning frequency layer i, including the sampling time and processing time; - T୧corresponds to the “durationOfPRS-ProcessingSymbolsInEveryTms” LPP IE; -Tୟ^ୟ୧୪ୟୠ୪^_^ୖୗ,iൌ LCM൫T^ୖୗ,i, MGRPi൯, the least common multiple between T^ୖୗ,iand MGRPi; - ^^^i^is the repetition periodicity of the measurement gap applicable for measurement in the PRS frequency layer i; -^^ோௌ,iis the periodicity of DL-PRS resource on frequency layer i; - ^^,^^ is the UE capability combination per band, where N is a duration of DL- PRS symbols in milliseconds (ms) corresponding to the “durationOfPRS- ProcessingSysmbols” LPP IE processed every T ms corresponding to the “durationOfPRS-ProcessingSymbolsInEveryTms” LPP IE for a given maximum bandwidth supported by the UE corresponding to the “supportedBandwidthPRS” LPP IE.

[0143] Note that while the foregoing is for PRS RSTD measurements, the same or similar equations and parameters are used for other types of measurements (e.g., Rx-Tx time difference measurements, RSRP measurements, etc.).

[0144] The measurement period (or measurement window) for each positioning frequency layer depends on (1) the UE’s reported capabilities, (2) the PRS periodicity (TPRSor T_PRS), (3) the measurement gap periodicity (a UE is not expected to measure PRS without a 45 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO measurement gap in which to do so), and (4) the number of the UE’s receive beams (if operating in FR2).

[0145] Devices in a network environment may have limited energy storage capabilities. Such devices may utilize energy harvesting to power, recharge, and / or boost the amount of energy available for the operation of the device. Energy harvesting devices may include UEs as well as ambient IoT devices. Ambient IoT devices may include Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) devices such as active RFID devices, semi-passive RFID devices, or passive RFID devices. Certain energy harvesting devices may harvest energy to boost the performance of the device in certain operating scenarios. The energy harvested for such devices may include RF, solar, thermal, laser, or any combination thereof.

[0146] In accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure, the network device might not be capable of receiving any signal for processing during energy harvesting occasions implemented at the network device. For example, the network device may be unable to transmit, receive, or process information signals (e.g., data signals, reference signals, and any other signals that are processed for purposes other than energy harvesting) while performing RF energy harvesting using LTE / WiFi / Bluetooth / SL or specific bands (ISM bands or others) or bands dedicated by serving cell that are not in the same band or frequency as the information signals. In such instances, the energy harvesting occasions may be treated as a measurement gap (e.g., where RF tuning could be required), during which the network device cannot receive or transmit information signals with the current serving cell. Such energy harvesting occasions may also be treated as measurement gaps in scenarios employing time-switching RF energy harvesting architectures (e.g., architectures in which energy harvesting and information signal reception / processing may occur at the same time) even though the RF energy is harvested using the same bands or frequencies associated with the cell serving a network device. Similarly, a network device may not be capable of executing energy harvesting operations and concurrently RF information signals in other energy harvesting architectures (e.g., energy harvesting that use energy sources other than RF energy).

[0147] As such, a network device employing energy harvesting may be “unavailable” based on the energy harvesting schedule and / or other energy conditions at the network device. In accordance with certain aspects, a network device may be considered to be “unavailable” in any of the following scenarios. In a first scenario, a network device associated with a 46 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO time-switching RF energy harvesting architecture may be considered unavailable during an RF energy harvesting occasion when the device cannot do both energy harvesting and information signal transmission, reception, and / or processing at the same time as the energy harvesting operations.

[0148] It is noted that if the same band or bandwidth part is used for both RF energy harvesting and information communications (e.g., in power-splitting RF energy harvesting architectures), the network device may be capable of doing both RF energy harvesting and information signal processing at the same time, provided the network device has enough energy for the information signal processing. For example, certain RF identification devices (RFIDs) may perform both RF energy harvesting operations and information signal processing at the same time. However, the RF energy harvesting operations may nevertheless inhibit the network device from exercising its optimal information signal reception or processing capabilities as a result of the splitting of the power of the signal power (e.g., the information signal available for reception and processing has a lower power than would otherwise be available if the information signal power had not been split between energy harvesting and information signal reception / processing).

[0149] In a second scenario, a network device may be considered unavailable regardless of the energy harvesting architecture if the UE has insufficient power to monitor, measure, process, transmit, or receive reference signal / data signals. In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, the network device may be unavailable under one or both of the first and second scenarios.

[0150] Energy harvesting operations may also impact certain assumptions about the accuracy of the clock used by the network device. For example, certain assumptions are made with respect to a frequency error, Fe, all of the clock and the corresponding timing drift, ǻT, over a time, T. More particularly, the assumption is based on the following time drift requirements: ǻT = ±Fe * T where, Fe = 20 parts per million (ppm) in the case of a real-time clock (RTC), Fe = 0.1 ppm for a conventional UE, and Fe = 180 ppm for 802.11ba devices. 47 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO

[0151] Assuming a ±1 microsecond (^s) timing error tolerance is needed for a particular application, a device needs to perform a Synchronizations Signal and Physical Broadcast Channel (SSB) measurement at least every 50 milliseconds (ms) (in the case of Fe = 20 ppm), 10 seconds (in the case of Fe = 0.1 ppm), and 5.5 ms (in the case of Fe = 180 ppm). As such, if a device remains in an unavailable state for too long, the timing errors may be larger than what is required by the particular application (e.g., a positioning application).

[0152] FIG. 6A through FIG. 6C illustrate several different types of energy harvesting architectures that may be used to harvest radio frequency energy for a network device, according to aspects of the disclosure. FIG. 6A shows a first energy harvesting architecture 600 facilitating concurrent energy harvesting and device processing operations, according to aspects of the disclosure. In this example, an energy harvester 602 utilizes a first set of antennas 604 to harvest RF energy while a network device 606 (e.g., UE, ambient IoT device, etc.) utilizes a second set of antennas 608 for RF signal processing (e.g., processing of data signals, control signals, reference signals (PRS), etc.). In the first energy harvesting architecture 600, the network device 606 may process the RF signals received on the second antennas set 608 at the same time that the energy harvester 602 harvests RF energy received on antenna set 604. In this architecture, the sets of antennas used by the energy harvester 602 and network device 606 need not be dedicated to either component. Rather, the particular sets of antennas used by the energy harvester 602 and the network device 606 may be switched between the components so that the energy harvester 602 and the network device 606 use different combinations of antennas of the antenna sets 604 and 608 at different times while still allowing concurrent energy harvesting and RF transmission and / or reception operations. For example, at any given time, a first combination of antennas from the first antenna set 604 and second antenna set 608 may be used by the energy harvester 602 for energy harvesting, while a second combination of antennas from the first antenna set 604 and the second antenna set 608 are used by the network device 606 to receive and / or transmit RF signals. In an aspect, the particular combination of antennas used at a given time may be determined by an energy harvesting schedule that is associated with the network device 606.

[0153] FIG. 6B shows a second energy harvesting architecture 610 in which energy harvesting and RF information signal processing occur at mutually exclusive times, according to aspects of the disclosure. To this end, RF energy that is to be harvested by the energy 48 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO harvester 602 as well as RF signals that are to be processed by the network device 606 are received at a same set of one or more antennas 612. The antenna(s) 612 are provided to a time switch 614, which switches the antenna(s) 612 between the energy harvester 602 and network device 606 in a mutually exclusive manner. In this example, the time switch 614 operates with a switching period T, where the time switch 614 makes the antenna(s) available to the energy harvester 602 for a first portion ĮT of the switching period T and available to the network device 606 for a remaining portion (1-Į)T of the switching period T. In an aspect, the value of Į may remain constant or may vary over time based on an energy harvesting schedule that is associated with the network device 606.

[0154] FIG.6C shows a third energy harvesting architecture 616 in which energy harvesting and RF information signal processing may occur at the same time, according to aspects of the disclosure. In this example, RF information signals and RF harvesting energy signals are received at one or more antennas 612 at the same time with a combined signal power of Pin. The RF signals are provided to a power splitter 618, which splits the combined signal power Pin by a factor ^ so that a first portion of the power ^*Pin is provided to the energy harvester 602 at the same time that a second portion of the power (1-^)*Pin is provided to the network device 606. In certain scenarios, the factor ^ may be varied over time so that the network device 606 may receive RF information signals at a power level that is sufficient to allow the network device 606 to process the RF information signals at a desired signal level (e.g., signal-to-noise ratio, received signal power, etc.) In an aspect, the value of ^ may remain constant or vary over time based on an energy harvesting schedule that is associated with the network device 606.

[0155] Each of the foregoing energy harvesting architectures presents unique issues when the network device 606 is to participate in a positioning session. During a positioning session, the network device 606 may be configured to transmit and / or measure PRS and report any PRS measurements to another network device. In the first energy harvesting architecture 600 shown in FIG.6A, the antenna combinations used by the network device 606 to execute energy harvesting operations may result in different antenna combinations for receiving RF information signals during energy harvesting occasion in comparison to the set of antennas used by the network device 606 to receive RF information signals during times when the network device 606 is not executing energy harvesting occasions. 49 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO Such antenna combination differences may impair the ability of the network device 606 to meet the positioning requirements (e.g., timing accuracy, PRS measurement processing time, PRS transmission occasions, PRS measurement occasions, received signal power thresholds, group delay calibration accuracy, phase calibration accuracy, etc.) of the positioning session while still maintaining the desired energy harvesting schedule. Similarly, since the network device 606 in the second energy harvesting architecture 610 shown in FIG. 6B is only capable of transmitting and / or receiving RF at times during which the antenna(s) is not dedicated to the energy harvester 602, it may be difficult for the network device 606 to meet the positioning requirements of the positioning session while still maintaining the energy harvesting operations. Further, since the network device 606 in the energy harvesting architecture 616 shown in FIG.6C is only capable of receiving a portion of the RF power from the antenna(s), it may be difficult for the network device 606 to meet the positioning requirements of the positioning session while still maintaining the energy harvesting operations.

[0156] In accordance with aspects of the disclosure, a network device that performs both RF information signal processing and executes energy harvesting operations may be used in a positioning session in various manners and in various scenarios. FIG. 7 shows an example scenario 700 in which an energy harvesting occasion coincides (e.g., occurs during) a positioning measurement period, according to aspects of the disclosure. In this example, a network device (hereinafter referenced as a UE) has received a PRS configuration that the UE uses to schedule PRS measurements that the UE is to make during a positioning session. Based on the PRS configuration, the UE determines a positioning measurement period 702, during which the PRS measurements are to be made. Here, there are two PRS occasions 704 and 706 that occur during the positioning measurement period 702 in which two PRS (PRS 1 and PRS 2) are received. Although the two PRS occasions 704 and 706 are associated with downlink PRS transmissions, it will be recognized, based on the teachings of the present disclosure, that the PRS occasions may be used for any reference signals (e.g., SRS) used in positioning determinations.

[0157] In FIG.7, an energy harvesting occasion 708 occurs during the positioning measurement period 702. The energy harvesting operations that take place during the energy harvesting occasion 708 leave the UE in an unavailable state for time duration 710 equal to or greater 50 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO than the duration of the energy harvesting occasion 708. In certain scenarios, the time duration 710 may cause the UE to lose its clock stability which may result in positioning performance measurement deterioration for certain types of PRS measurements (e.g., at least TOA measurements, RSTD measurements, UE Rx-Tx measurements).

[0158] In accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure, the UE may handle the occurrence of the energy harvesting occasion 708 during the positioning measurement period by reporting measurements based on different sets of positioning accuracy requirements based on whether an energy harvesting occasion occurs during the positioning measurement period. In an aspect, the UE may report measurements based on a first set of positioning accuracy requirements when all of the energy harvesting occasions occur outside of the positioning measurement period 702 (e.g., no energy harvesting occasions occur during the positioning measurement period 702). When one or more energy harvesting occasions (e.g., energy harvesting occasion 708) occur during the positioning measurement period 702, the UE may report measurements based on a second set of positioning accuracy requirements. In such instances, the second set of positioning accuracy requirements may be less stringent than the positioning accuracy requirements of the first set of positioning accuracy requirements thereby allowing the UE to execute energy harvesting operations while still participating in the positioning session. In accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure, the UE may forego measurement reporting when one or more energy harvesting occasions coincide with (e.g., occur during) the positioning measurement period.

[0159] FIG. 8 shows another example scenario 800 in which energy harvesting occasions coincide with a positioning measurement period, according to aspects of the disclosure. In this example, one or more PRS are measured during a positioning measurement period. The positioning measurement period has a duration based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period.

[0160] In an aspect, the UE determines a positioning measurement period 802 during which the PRS measurements are to be made is determined based on a PRS configuration received by the UE. In this example, there are three PRS occasions 804, 806, and 808 during the positioning measurement period 802 in which three PRS (PRS 1, PRS 2, and PRS 3) are capable of being received. Two energy harvesting occasions 810 and 812 coincide with the positioning measurement period 802. 51 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO

[0161] In accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure, the UE may handle the occurrence of the energy harvesting occasions 810 and 812 during the positioning measurement period 802 by extending the positioning measurement period 802 by a duration 814 to allow the UE to measure PRS (e.g., PRS 4 and PRS 5) during PRS occasions 816 and 818. In this example, there are no energy harvesting occasions that occur during the extended duration 814 and the original positioning measurement period 802 is extended to a new positioning measurement period 820 having a duration that is larger than the original positioning measurement period 802.

[0162] FIG. 9 shows another example scenario in 900 in which an energy harvesting occasion coincides with a positioning measurement period, according to aspects of the disclosure. Based on the PRS configuration received by the UE, the UE determines a positioning measurement period 902 during which the PRS measurements are to be made. Here, there are three PRS occasions 904, 906, and 908 during the positioning measurement period 902 in which three PRS (PRS 1, PRS 2, and PRS 3) are capable of being received. A single energy harvesting occasion 910 coincides with the positioning measurement period 902 and occurs between PRS occasion in 904 and PRS occasion 906.

[0163] In accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure, the UE may handle the occurrence of the energy harvesting occasion 910 during the positioning measurement period 902 in various manners. In an aspect, the UE may discontinue ongoing measurement of a PRS when an energy harvesting occasion coincides with the PRS occasion in which the PRS is received or when the energy harvesting occasion begins before the UE has enough time to complete processing the PRS received during the PRS occasion. With reference to scenario 900 shown in FIG. 9, the UE may discontinue ongoing measurement of PRS 1 if the time duration 912 to the start of the energy harvesting occasion 910 is not long enough to complete the processing of PRS 1. In an aspect, the UE may inhibit upcoming measurements of PRS occurring during PRS occasions that coincide with an energy harvesting occasion (no such occasions are shown in FIG. 9). In aspect, the UE may resume measurement of PRS occurring during PRS occasions of the portion of the positioning measurement period remaining after the energy harvesting operation is complete. In FIG. 9, the UE may resume measurement of PRS 2 and PRS 3 at PRS occasions 906 and 908 since the PRS occur prior to the expiration of the positioning measurement period 902. 52 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO

[0164] In certain scenarios, the UE may be unable to measure PRS occurring after the energy harvesting occasion 910 but before the expiration of the positioning measurement period 902 for at least two reasons. First, there might not be any PRS occasions that occur during the remaining portion of the positioning measurement period 902. Second, the remaining portion of the positioning measurement period 902 may not be long enough to complete processing a measurement of a PRS received within the remaining portion of the positioning measurement period 902. Additionally, positioning accuracy requirements may dictate that the number of PRS measurements that are to be obtained by the UE exceed the number of PRS measurements that the UE can make during the positioning measurement period 902 given the occurrence of the energy harvesting occasion 910. Such scenarios present instances in which PRS measurements, if any, made during the remaining portion of the positioning measurement period 902 may not adequately meet the positioning constraints of the positioning session. In such scenarios, the UE may extend the original positioning measurement period 902 by a time duration 912 that encompasses additional PRS occasions (e.g., PRS occasions 914 and 916) thereby allowing the UE to measure additional PRS (e.g., PRS 4 and PRS 5). Extending the original positioning measurement period 902 by time duration 912 results in an extended positioning measurement period 918 having an overall time duration that is greater than the original positioning measurement period 902. It will be recognized, based on the teachings of the present disclosure, that the particular course of action taken by the UE in handling the scenario shown in FIG. 9 may be dependent on the amount of power available to the UE to perform the operations associated with that particular course of action. For example, the UE need not perform PRS measurements during one or more of the PRS occasions 906, 908, 914, or 916 if the UE does not have enough power stored to conduct the PRS measurements.

[0165] In accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure, the UE may receive a measurement gap configuration (e.g., via RRC messaging), where the measurement gaps of the measurement gap configuration may be used by the UE for either energy harvesting occasions or positioning reference signal (PRS) measurements. FIG. 10 shows an example scenario 1000 in which the UE may either execute one or more energy harvesting operations or perform one or more PRS measurements during a given measurement gap, according to aspects of the disclosure. The example measurement gap configuration 1002 53 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO is configured so that a given measurement gap 1004 may be used either for one or more energy harvesting occasions (only one harvesting occasion 1006 shown in measurement gap configuration 1002) or one or more PRS measurement occasions (only one PRS measurement occasion 1008 shown in measurement gap configuration 1002). The determines whether to use a given measurement gap for harvesting occasions or PRS measurement occasions based on a set of one or more criteria. The set of one or more criteria may be based on 1) a priority associated with one or both an energy harvesting occasion and the PRS measurement, 2) a power threshold corresponding to an amount of power available to the UE (e.g., whether the UE must execute an energy harvesting operation to prevent loss of power before conducting subsequent operations such as PRS measurements), 3) a scaling factor (e.g., a ratio of the number of measurement gaps that the UE is to use for PRS occasions versus the number of measurement gaps that the UE is to use for energy harvesting occasions), or 4) any combination of the foregoing. In an example, a scaling factor of two would direct the UE to use half of the measurement gaps for PRS measurements and the remaining half of the measurement gaps for energy harvesting.

[0166] Scenario 1000 shows an example of how the UE may use four consecutive measurement gaps 1010, 1012, 1014, and 1016, according to aspects of the disclosure. In this example, based on the selection criterion implemented by the UE, the UE executes an energy harvesting occasion 1018 during measurement gap 1010, a PRS measurement occasion 1020 during measurement gap 1012, a PRS measurement occasion 1022 during measurement gap 1014, and an energy harvesting occasion 1024 during measurement gap 1016. It will be recognized, based on the teachings of the disclosure, that the use of the measurement gaps shown in scenario 1000 is merely exemplary and that other sequences of harvesting occasions and PRS occasions may occur depending on the selection criterion implemented by the UE.

[0167] In accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure, the UE may be configured with an energy harvesting configuration having energy harvesting occasions based on PRS measurements made by the UE during the positioning session. In aspect, the UE may be configured with energy harvesting occasions that are in close proximity to a PRS measurement occasion so that the energy that is harvested during an energy harvesting 54 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO occasion is used to ensure that the UE can measurement one or more PRS during upcoming PRS occasions.

[0168] FIG. 11 illustrates an example scenario 1100 in which the UE has been configured with an energy harvesting configuration in which energy harvesting occasions are based on PRS occasions used by the UE for measuring PRS, according to aspects of the disclosure. In this example, each PRS occasion is preceded by an energy harvesting occasion. In the example scenario 1100, energy harvesting occasion 1102 is used to harvest energy that may be used to process PRS 1 received during PRS occasion 1104. Similarly, energy harvesting occasion 1106 is used to harvest energy that may be used to process PRS 2 received during PRS occasion 1108, energy harvesting occasion 1110 is used to harvest energy that may be used to process PRS 3 received during PRS occasion 1112, and energy harvesting occasion 1114 is used to harvest energy that may be used to process PRS 4 received during PRS occasion 1116. It will be recognized, based on the teachings of the present disclosure, that the one-to-one correspondence between each energy harvesting occasion and each PRS occasion constitutes a non-limiting example. Other relationships between energy harvesting occasions and the PRS occasions may also be implemented in which the energy harvesting occasions are based on the PRS occasions (e.g., one or more energy harvesting occasions configured to precede one or more PRS occasions). In aspect, the energy harvesting occasions may have a periodicity based on the periodicity of the PRS occasions. For example, the example scenario 1100 shown in FIG. 11, if the periodicity of the PRS occasions is x ms (e.g., 160 ms) the periodicity of the energy harvesting occasions may also be configured to have a period is of x ms (e.g., 160 ms).

[0169] In accordance with certain aspects of the disclosure, the UE may not be required to measure PRS in a positioning measurement period unless there has been at least one energy harvesting occasion it occurs within the positioning measurement period. In aspect, the UE need not measure a PRS within a positioning measurement period (e.g.,Tavailable_PRS, i, unless the following condition is satisfied:where^^ோௌ,^corresponds to the period of the PRS occasions, and^ுcorresponds to the period of the energy harvesting occasions.

[0170] FIG.12 is a flowchart showing an example method 1200 of wireless communication that may be performed by a UE implementing energy harvesting, according to aspects of the 55 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO disclosure. At operation 1202, the UE receives a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS. In an aspect, operation 1202 may be performed by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.

[0171] At operation 1204, the UE measures the one or more PRS during a positioning measurement period, wherein a duration of the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period. In an aspect, operation 1204 may be performed by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.

[0172] As will be appreciated, a technical advantage of the method 1200 is that the method 1200 facilitates use, in a positioning session, of a UE that implements energy harvesting.

[0173] FIG.13 is a flowchart showing an example method 1300 of wireless communication that may be performed by a UE implementing energy harvesting, according to aspects of the disclosure. At operation 1302, the UE measures one or more positioning reference signals (PRS) during a positioning measurement period. In an aspect, operation 1302 may be performed by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.

[0174] At operation 1304, the UE reports one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period. In an aspect, operation 1304 may be performed by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.

[0175] As will be appreciated, a technical advantage of the method 1300 is that the method 1300 facilitates use, in a positioning session, of a UE that implements energy harvesting.

[0176] FIG.14 is a flowchart showing an example method 1400 of wireless communication that may be performed by a UE implementing energy harvesting, according to aspects of the 56 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO disclosure. At operation 1402, one or more energy harvesting occasions are configured at the UE. In an aspect, operation 1402 may be performed by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.

[0177] At operation 1404, the UE received a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS during a positioning measurement period. In an aspect, operation 1404 may be performed by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.

[0178] At operation 1406, based on a given energy harvesting occasion occurring during the positioning measurement period, the UE discontinues ongoing measurement of a PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, inhibits upcoming measurements of PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, resumes PRS measurements of PRS occurring during a portion of the positioning measurement period remaining after the given energy harvesting occasion, or any combination thereof. In an aspect, operation 1406 may be performed by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.

[0179] As will be appreciated, a technical advantage of the method 1400 is that the method 1400 facilitates use, in a positioning session, of a UE that implements energy harvesting.

[0180] FIG.15 is a flowchart showing an example method 1500 of wireless communication that may be performed by a UE implementing energy harvesting, according to aspects of the disclosure. At operation 1502, the UE is configured with a measurement gap configuration. In an aspect, operation 1502 may be performed by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.

[0181] At operation 1504, for a given measurement gap of the measurement gap configuration, the UE uses the given measurement gap for an energy harvesting occasion or a positioning reference signal (PRS) measurement based on a set of one or more criterion. In an aspect, 57 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO operation 1504 may be performed by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.

[0182] As will be appreciated, a technical advantage of the method 1500 is that the method 1500 facilitates use, in a positioning session, of a UE that implements energy harvesting.

[0183] FIG.16 is a flowchart showing an example method 1600 of wireless communication that may be performed by a UE implementing energy harvesting, according to aspects of the disclosure. At operation 1602, the UE is configured with a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS. In an aspect, operation 1602 may be performed by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.

[0184] At operation 1604, the UE is configured with an energy harvesting configuration, wherein energy harvesting occasions of the energy harvesting configuration are based on the PRS configuration. In an aspect, operation 1604 may be performed by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.

[0185] As will be appreciated, a technical advantage of the method 1600 is that the method 1600 facilitates use, in a positioning session, of a UE that implements energy harvesting.

[0186] In the detailed description above it can be seen that different features are grouped together in examples. This manner of disclosure should not be understood as an intention that the example clauses have more features than are explicitly mentioned in each clause. Rather, the various aspects of the disclosure may include fewer than all features of an individual example clause disclosed. Therefore, the following clauses should hereby be deemed to be incorporated in the description, wherein each clause by itself can stand as a separate example. Although each dependent clause can refer in the clauses to a specific combination with one of the other clauses, the aspect(s) of that dependent clause are not limited to the specific combination. It will be appreciated that other example clauses can also include a combination of the dependent clause aspect(s) with the subject matter of any other dependent clause or independent clause or a combination of any feature with other dependent and independent clauses. The various aspects disclosed herein expressly 58 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO include these combinations, unless it is explicitly expressed or can be readily inferred that a specific combination is not intended (e.g., contradictory aspects, such as defining an element as both an electrical insulator and an electrical conductor). Furthermore, it is also intended that aspects of a clause can be included in any other independent clause, even if the clause is not directly dependent on the independent clause.

[0187] Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:

[0188] Clause 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) implementing energy harvesting, comprising: receiving a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS; and measuring the one or more PRS during a positioning measurement period, wherein a duration of the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period.

[0189] Clause 2. The method of clause 1, wherein: the positioning measurement period has a first duration based on the PRS configuration, wherein the first duration for the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the first duration of the positioning measurement period; and the positioning measurement period has a second duration for the positioning measurement period based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during of the first duration of the positioning measurement period, wherein the second duration is longer than the first duration.

[0190] Clause 3. The method of any of clauses 1 to 2, further comprising: based on a given energy harvesting occasion occurring during the positioning measurement period, discontinuing ongoing measurement of a PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, inhibiting upcoming measurements of PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, resuming PRS measurements of PRS occurring during a portion of the positioning measurement period remaining after the given energy harvesting occasion, or any combination thereof.

[0191] Clause 4. The method of any of clauses 1 to 3, further comprising: reporting one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period. 59 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO

[0192] Clause 5. The method of clause 4, further comprising: reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a first set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the first set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a second set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the second set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

[0193] Clause 6. The method of clause 4, further comprising: reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and foregoing reporting of the one or more PRS measurements based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

[0194] Clause 7. A method of wireless performed by a user equipment (UE) implementing energy harvesting, comprising: measuring one or more positioning reference signals (PRS) during a positioning measurement period; and reporting one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period.

[0195] Clause 8. The method of clause 7, further comprising: reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a first set of accuracy requirements, wherein the first set of accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a second set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the second set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

[0196] Clause 9. The method of clause 7, further comprising: reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and foregoing 60 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO reporting of the one or more PRS measurements based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

[0197] Clause 10. The method of any of clauses 7 to 9, wherein: a duration of the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period.

[0198] Clause 11. The method of clause 10, wherein: the positioning measurement period has a first duration based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the first duration of the positioning measurement period; and the positioning measurement period has a second duration for the positioning measurement period based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during of the first duration of the positioning measurement period, wherein the second duration is longer than the first duration.

[0199] Clause 12. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) implementing energy harvesting, comprising: configuring one or more energy harvesting occasions at the UE; receiving a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS during a positioning measurement period; and based on a given energy harvesting occasion occurring during the positioning measurement period, discontinuing ongoing measurement of a PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, inhibiting upcoming measurements of PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, resuming PRS measurements of PRS occurring during a portion of the positioning measurement period remaining after the given energy harvesting occasion, or any combination thereof.

[0200] Clause 13. The method of clause 12, wherein: wherein a duration of the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period.

[0201] Clause 14. The method of clause 13, further comprising: determining a first duration for the positioning measurement period based on the PRS configuration, wherein the first duration for the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the first duration of the positioning measurement period; and determining a second duration for the positioning measurement period based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during 61 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO of the first duration of the positioning measurement period, wherein the second duration is longer than the first duration.

[0202] Clause 15. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) implementing energy harvesting, comprising: configuring the UE with a measurement gap configuration; and for a given measurement gap of the measurement gap configuration performing energy harvesting during the given measurement gap or performing a positioning reference signal (PRS) measurement based on a set of one or more criterion.

[0203] Clause 16. The method of clause 15, wherein the set of one or more criterion is based on: a priority associated with one or both an energy harvesting occasion and the PRS measurement; a power threshold corresponding to an amount of power available to the UE; a scaling factor; or any combination thereof.

[0204] Clause 17. The method of any of clauses 15 to 16, further comprising: measuring one or more positioning reference signals (PRS) during a positioning measurement period; and reporting one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period.

[0205] Clause 18. The method of clause 17, further comprising: reporting the one or more PRS measurements based a first set of accuracy requirements, wherein the first set of accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a second set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the second set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

[0206] Clause 19. The method of clause 15, further comprising: measuring one or more PRS during a positioning measurement period, wherein a duration of the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period.

[0207] Clause 20. The method of clause 19, wherein: the positioning measurement period has a first duration based on a PRS configuration, wherein the first duration for the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring 62 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO outside of the first duration of the positioning measurement period; and the positioning measurement period has a second duration for the positioning measurement period based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during of the first duration of the positioning measurement period, wherein the second duration is longer than the first duration.

[0208] Clause 21. The method of clause 15, further comprising: reporting one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of a positioning measurement period.

[0209] Clause 22. The method of clause 21, further comprising: reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a first set of accuracy requirements, wherein the first set of accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a second set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the second set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

[0210] Clause 23. The method of clause 15, further comprising: reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of a positioning measurement period; and foregoing reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

[0211] Clause 24. The method of any of clauses 15 to 23, further comprising: based on a given energy harvesting occasion occurring during a positioning measurement period, discontinuing ongoing measurement of a PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, inhibiting upcoming measurements of PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, resuming PRS measurements of PRS occurring during a portion of the positioning measurement period remaining after the given energy harvesting occasion, or any combination thereof.

[0212] Clause 25. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) implementing energy harvesting, comprising: configuring the UE with a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS; and configuring 63 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO the UE with an energy harvesting configuration, wherein energy harvesting occasions of the energy harvesting configuration are based on the PRS configuration.

[0213] Clause 26. The method of clause 25, wherein: the energy harvesting occasions are based on the UE having enough power to measure the one or more PRS indicated by the PRS configuration.

[0214] Clause 27. The method of any of clauses 25 to 26, wherein: the energy harvesting occasions have a periodicity based on a periodicity of the one or more PRS indicated by the PRS configuration.

[0215] Clause 28. A user equipment (UE), comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: receive, via the one or more transceivers, a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS; and measure the one or more PRS during a positioning measurement period, wherein a duration of the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period.

[0216] Clause 29. The UE of clause 28, wherein: the positioning measurement period has a first duration based on the PRS configuration, wherein the first duration for the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the first duration of the positioning measurement period; and the positioning measurement period has a second duration for the positioning measurement period based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during of the first duration of the positioning measurement period, wherein the second duration is longer than the first duration.

[0217] Clause 30. The UE of any of clauses 28 to 29, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: based on a given energy harvesting occasion occurring during the positioning measurement period, discontinue ongoing measurement of a PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, inhibit upcoming measurements of PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, resume PRS measurements of PRS occurring during a portion of the positioning measurement period remaining after the given energy harvesting occasion, or any combination thereof. 64 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO

[0218] Clause 31. The UE of any of clauses 28 to 30, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: report, via the one or more transceivers, one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period.

[0219] Clause 32. The UE of clause 31, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: report, via the one or more transceivers, the one or more PRS measurements based on a first set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the first set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and report, via the one or more transceivers, the one or more PRS measurements based on a second set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the second set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

[0220] Clause 33. The UE of clause 31, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: report, via the one or more transceivers, the one or more PRS measurements based on the set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and forego reporting of the one or more PRS measurements based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

[0221] Clause 34. A user equipment (UE), comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: measure one or more positioning reference signals (PRS) during a positioning measurement period; and report, via the one or more transceivers, one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period.

[0222] Clause 35. The UE of clause 34, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: report, via the one or more transceivers, the one or more PRS measurements based on a first set of accuracy requirements, wherein the 65 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO first set of accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and report, via the one or more transceivers, the one or more PRS measurements based on a second set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the second set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

[0223] Clause 36. The UE of any of clauses 34 to 35, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: report, via the one or more transceivers, the one or more PRS measurements based on the set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and forego reporting of the one or more PRS measurements based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

[0224] Clause 37. The UE of clause 34, wherein: a duration of the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period.

[0225] Clause 38. The UE of clause 37, wherein: the positioning measurement period has a first duration based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the first duration of the positioning measurement period; and the positioning measurement period has a second duration for the positioning measurement period based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during of the first duration of the positioning measurement period, wherein the second duration is longer than the first duration.

[0226] Clause 39. A user equipment (UE), comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: configure one or more energy harvesting occasions at the UE; receive, via the one or more transceivers, a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS during a positioning measurement period; and based on a given energy harvesting occasion occurring during the positioning measurement period, discontinue ongoing measurement of a PRS coinciding in time with 66 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO the given energy harvesting occasion, inhibit upcoming measurements of PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, resuming PRS measurements of PRS occurring during a portion of the positioning measurement period remaining after the given energy harvesting occasion, or any combination thereof.

[0227] Clause 40. The UE of clause 39, wherein: wherein a duration of the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period.

[0228] Clause 41. The UE of clause 40, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: determine a first duration for the positioning measurement period based on the PRS configuration, wherein the first duration for the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the first duration of the positioning measurement period; and determine a second duration for the positioning measurement period based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during of the first duration of the positioning measurement period, wherein the second duration is longer than the first duration.

[0229] Clause 42. A user equipment (UE), comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: configure the UE with a measurement gap configuration; and for a given measurement gap of the measurement gap configuration perform energy harvesting during the given measurement gap or performing a positioning reference signal (PRS) measurement based on a set of one or more criterion.

[0230] Clause 43. The UE of clause 42, wherein the set of one or more criterion is based on: a priority associated with one or both an energy harvesting occasion and the PRS measurement; a power threshold corresponding to an amount of power available to the UE; a scaling factor; or any combination thereof.

[0231] Clause 44. The UE of any of clauses 42 to 43, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: measure one or more positioning reference signals (PRS) during a positioning measurement period; and report, via the one or more transceivers, one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on 67 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO the UE having energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period.

[0232] Clause 45. The UE of clause 44, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: report, via the one or more transceivers, the one or more PRS measurements based on a first set of accuracy requirements, wherein the first set of accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and report, via the one or more transceivers, the one or more PRS measurements based on a second set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the second set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

[0233] Clause 46. The UE of any of clauses 42 to 45, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: measure one or more PRS during a positioning measurement period, wherein a duration of the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period.

[0234] Clause 47. The UE of clause 46, wherein: the positioning measurement period has a first duration based on a PRS configuration, wherein the first duration for the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the first duration of the positioning measurement period; and the positioning measurement period has a second duration for the positioning measurement period based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during of the first duration of the positioning measurement period, wherein the second duration is longer than the first duration.

[0235] Clause 48. The UE of any of clauses 42 to 47, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: report, via the one or more transceivers, one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of a positioning measurement period.

[0236] Clause 49. The UE of clause 48, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: report, via the one or more transceivers, the one or more PRS measurements based on a first set of accuracy requirements, wherein the 68 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO first set of accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and report, via the one or more transceivers, the one or more PRS measurements based on a second set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the second set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

[0237] Clause 50. The UE of clause 42, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: report, via the one or more transceivers, the one or more PRS measurements based on the set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of a positioning measurement period; and forego reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

[0238] Clause 51. The UE of any of clauses 42 to 50, wherein the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, are further configured to: based on a given energy harvesting occasion occurring during a positioning measurement period, discontinue ongoing measurement of a PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, inhibit upcoming measurements of PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, resume PRS measurements of PRS occurring during a portion of the positioning measurement period remaining after the given energy harvesting occasion, or any combination thereof.

[0239] Clause 52. A user equipment (UE), comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: configure the UE with a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS; and configure the UE with an energy harvesting configuration, wherein energy harvesting occasions of the energy harvesting configuration are based on the PRS configuration.

[0240] Clause 53. The UE of clause 52, wherein: the energy harvesting occasions are based on the UE having enough power to measure the one or more PRS indicated by the PRS configuration. 69 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO

[0241] Clause 54. The UE of any of clauses 52 to 53, wherein: the energy harvesting occasions have a periodicity based on a periodicity of the one or more PRS indicated by the PRS configuration.

[0242] Clause 55. A user equipment (UE), comprising: means for receiving a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS; and means for measuring the one or more PRS during a positioning measurement period, wherein a duration of the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period.

[0243] Clause 56. The UE of clause 55, wherein: the positioning measurement period has a first duration based on the PRS configuration, wherein the first duration for the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the first duration of the positioning measurement period; and the positioning measurement period has a second duration for the positioning measurement period based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during of the first duration of the positioning measurement period, wherein the second duration is longer than the first duration.

[0244] Clause 57. The UE of any of clauses 55 to 56, further comprising: based on a given energy harvesting occasion occurring during the positioning measurement period, means for discontinuing ongoing measurement of a PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, means for inhibiting upcoming measurements of PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, means for resuming PRS measurements of PRS occurring during a portion of the positioning measurement period remaining after the given energy harvesting occasion, or any combination thereof.

[0245] Clause 58. The UE of any of clauses 55 to 57, further comprising: means for reporting one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period.

[0246] Clause 59. The UE of clause 58, further comprising: means for reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a first set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the first set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and means for reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a second set of positioning 70 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO accuracy requirements, wherein the second set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

[0247] Clause 60. The UE of clause 58, further comprising: means for reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and means for foregoing reporting of the one or more PRS measurements based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

[0248] Clause 61. A user equipment (UE), comprising: means for measuring one or more positioning reference signals (PRS) during a positioning measurement period; and means for reporting one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period.

[0249] Clause 62. The UE of clause 61, further comprising: means for reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a first set of accuracy requirements, wherein the first set of accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and means for reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a second set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the second set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

[0250] Clause 63. The UE of any of clauses 61 to 62, further comprising: means for reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and means for foregoing reporting of the one or more PRS measurements based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period. 71 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO

[0251] Clause 64. The UE of any of clauses 61 to 63, wherein: a duration of the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period.

[0252] Clause 65. The UE of clause 64, wherein: the positioning measurement period has a first duration based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the first duration of the positioning measurement period; and the positioning measurement period has a second duration for the positioning measurement period based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during of the first duration of the positioning measurement period, wherein the second duration is longer than the first duration.

[0253] Clause 66. A user equipment (UE), comprising: means for configuring one or more energy harvesting occasions at the UE; means for receiving a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS during a positioning measurement period; and based on a given energy harvesting occasion occurring during the positioning measurement period, means for discontinuing ongoing measurement of a PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, means for inhibiting upcoming measurements of PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, resuming PRS measurements of PRS occurring during a portion of the positioning measurement period remaining after the given energy harvesting occasion, or any combination thereof.

[0254] Clause 67. The UE of clause 66, wherein: a duration of the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period.

[0255] Clause 68. The UE of clause 67, further comprising: means for determining a first duration for the positioning measurement period based on the PRS configuration, wherein the first duration for the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the first duration of the positioning measurement period; and means for determining a second duration for the positioning measurement period based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during of the first duration of the positioning measurement period, wherein the second duration is longer than the first duration. 72 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO

[0256] Clause 69. A user equipment (UE), comprising: means for configuring the UE with a measurement gap configuration; and for a given measurement gap of the measurement gap configuration means for performing energy harvesting during the given measurement gap or performing a positioning reference signal (PRS) measurement based on a set of one or more criterion.

[0257] Clause 70. The UE of clause 69, wherein the set of one or more criterion is based on: a priority associated with one or both an energy harvesting occasion and a PRS measurement; a power threshold corresponding to an amount of power available to the UE; a scaling factor; or any combination thereof.

[0258] Clause 71. The UE of any of clauses 69 to 70, further comprising: means for measuring one or more positioning reference signals (PRS) during a positioning measurement period; and means for reporting one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period.

[0259] Clause 72. The UE of clause 71, further comprising: means for reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a first set of accuracy requirements, wherein the first set of accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and means for reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a second set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the second set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

[0260] Clause 73. The UE of any of clauses 69 to 72, further comprising: means for measuring one or more PRS during a positioning measurement period, wherein a duration of the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period.

[0261] Clause 74. The UE of clause 73, wherein: the positioning measurement period has a first duration based on a PRS configuration, wherein the first duration for the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the first duration of the positioning measurement period; and the positioning measurement period has a second duration for the positioning measurement period based 73 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during of the first duration of the positioning measurement period, wherein the second duration is longer than the first duration.

[0262] Clause 75. The UE of any of clauses 69 to 74, further comprising: means for reporting one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of a positioning measurement period.

[0263] Clause 76. The UE of clause 75, further comprising: means for reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a first set of accuracy requirements, wherein the first set of accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and means for reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a second set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the second set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

[0264] Clause 77. The UE of clause 69, further comprising: means for reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of a positioning measurement period; and means for foregoing reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

[0265] Clause 78. The UE of any of clauses 69 to 77, further comprising: based on a given energy harvesting occasion occurring during a positioning measurement period, means for discontinuing ongoing measurement of a PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, means for inhibiting upcoming measurements of PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, means for resuming PRS measurements of PRS occurring during a portion of the positioning measurement period remaining after the given energy harvesting occasion, or any combination thereof.

[0266] Clause 79. A user equipment (UE), comprising: means for configuring the UE with a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS; and means for configuring the UE with an energy harvesting configuration, wherein energy 74 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO harvesting occasions of the energy harvesting configuration are based on the PRS configuration.

[0267] Clause 80. The UE of clause 79, wherein: the energy harvesting occasions are based on the UE having enough power to measure the one or more PRS indicated by the PRS configuration.

[0268] Clause 81. The UE of any of clauses 79 to 80, wherein: the energy harvesting occasions have a periodicity based on a periodicity of the one or more PRS indicated by the PRS configuration.

[0269] Clause 82. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: receive a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS; and measure the one or more PRS during a positioning measurement period, wherein a duration of the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period.

[0270] Clause 83. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 82, wherein: the positioning measurement period has a first duration based on the PRS configuration, wherein the first duration for the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the first duration of the positioning measurement period; and the positioning measurement period has a second duration for the positioning measurement period based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during of the first duration of the positioning measurement period, wherein the second duration is longer than the first duration.

[0271] Clause 84. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 82 to 83, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: based on a given energy harvesting occasion occurring during the positioning measurement period, discontinue ongoing measurement of a PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, inhibit upcoming measurements of PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, resume PRS measurements of PRS occurring during a portion of the positioning measurement period remaining after the given energy harvesting occasion, or any combination thereof.

[0272] Clause 85. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 82 to 84, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, 75 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO cause the UE to: report one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period.

[0273] Clause 86. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 85, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: report the one or more PRS measurements based on a first set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the first set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and report the one or more PRS measurements based on a second set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the second set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

[0274] Clause 87. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 85, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: report the one or more PRS measurements based on the set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and forego reporting of the one or more PRS measurements based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

[0275] Clause 88. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: measure one or more positioning reference signals (PRS) during a positioning measurement period; and report one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period.

[0276] Clause 89. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 88, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: report the one or more PRS measurements based on a first set of accuracy requirements, wherein the first set of accuracy requirements is based on the UE having 76 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and report the one or more PRS measurements based on a second set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the second set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

[0277] Clause 90. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 88, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: report the one or more PRS measurements based on the set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and forego reporting of the one or more PRS measurements based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

[0278] Clause 91. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 88 to 90, wherein: a duration of the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period.

[0279] Clause 92. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 91, wherein: the positioning measurement period has a first duration based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the first duration of the positioning measurement period; and the positioning measurement period has a second duration for the positioning measurement period based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during of the first duration of the positioning measurement period, wherein the second duration is longer than the first duration.

[0280] Clause 93. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: configure one or more energy harvesting occasions at the UE; receive a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS during a positioning measurement period; and based on a given energy harvesting occasion occurring during the positioning measurement period, discontinue ongoing measurement of a PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, inhibit upcoming measurements of PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, resuming PRS measurements of PRS 77 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO occurring during a portion of the positioning measurement period remaining after the given energy harvesting occasion, or any combination thereof.

[0281] Clause 94. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 93, wherein: a duration of the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period.

[0282] Clause 95. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 94, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: determine a first duration for the positioning measurement period based on the PRS configuration, wherein the first duration for the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the first duration of the positioning measurement period; and determine a second duration for the positioning measurement period based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during of the first duration of the positioning measurement period, wherein the second duration is longer than the first duration.

[0283] Clause 96. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: configure the UE with a measurement gap configuration; and for a given measurement gap of the measurement gap configuration perform energy harvesting during the given measurement gap or performing a positioning reference signal (PRS) measurement based on a set of one or more criterion.

[0284] Clause 97. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 96, wherein the set of one or more criterion is based on: a priority associated with one or both an energy harvesting occasion and the PRS measurement; a power threshold corresponding to an amount of power available to the UE; a scaling factor; or any combination thereof.

[0285] Clause 98. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 96 to 97, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: measure one or more positioning reference signals (PRS) during a positioning measurement period; and report one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period. 78 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO

[0286] Clause 99. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 98, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: report the one or more PRS measurements based on a first set of accuracy requirements, wherein the first set of accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and report the one or more PRS measurements based on a second set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the second set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

[0287] Clause 100. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 96 to 99, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: measure one or more PRS during a positioning measurement period, wherein a duration of the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period.

[0288] Clause 101. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 100, wherein: the positioning measurement period has a first duration based on a PRS configuration, wherein the first duration for the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the first duration of the positioning measurement period; and the positioning measurement period has a second duration for the positioning measurement period based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during of the first duration of the positioning measurement period, wherein the second duration is longer than the first duration.

[0289] Clause 102. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 96 to 101, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: report one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of a positioning measurement period.

[0290] Clause 103. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 102, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: report the one or more PRS measurements based on a first set of accuracy 79 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO requirements, wherein the first set of accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and report the one or more PRS measurements based on a second set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the second set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

[0291] Clause 104. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 96, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: report the one or more PRS measurements based on the set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of a positioning measurement period; and forego reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

[0292] Clause 105. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 96 to 104, further comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: based on a given energy harvesting occasion occurring during a positioning measurement period, discontinue ongoing measurement of a PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, inhibit upcoming measurements of PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, resume PRS measurements of PRS occurring during a portion of the positioning measurement period remaining after the given energy harvesting occasion, or any combination thereof.

[0293] Clause 106. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: configure the UE with a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS; and configure the UE with an energy harvesting configuration, wherein energy harvesting occasions of the energy harvesting configuration are based on the PRS configuration.

[0294] Clause 107. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 106, wherein: the energy harvesting occasions are based on the UE having enough power to measure the one or more PRS indicated by the PRS configuration. 80 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO

[0295] Clause 108. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any of clauses 106 to 107, wherein: the energy harvesting occasions have a periodicity based on a periodicity of the one or more PRS indicated by the PRS configuration.

[0296] Those of skill in the art will appreciate that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0297] Further, those of skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0298] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC, a field-programable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. 81 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO

[0299] The methods, sequences and / or algorithms described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may reside in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An example storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal (e.g., UE). In the alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.

[0300] In one or more example aspects, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. 82 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0301] While the foregoing disclosure shows illustrative aspects of the disclosure, it should be noted that various changes and modifications could be made herein without departing from the scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims. The functions, steps and / or actions of the method claims in accordance with the aspects of the disclosure described herein need not be performed in any particular order. Furthermore, although elements of the disclosure may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated unless limitation to the singular is explicitly stated. 83 QC2302221WO

Claims

Qualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) implementing energy harvesting, comprising: receiving a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS; and measuring the one or more PRS during a positioning measurement period, wherein a duration of the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the positioning measurement period has a first duration based on the PRS configuration, wherein the first duration for the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the first duration of the positioning measurement period; and the positioning measurement period has a second duration for the positioning measurement period based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during of the first duration of the positioning measurement period, wherein the second duration is longer than the first duration.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: based on a given energy harvesting occasion occurring during the positioning measurement period, discontinuing ongoing measurement of a PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, inhibiting upcoming measurements of PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, resuming PRS measurements of PRS occurring during a portion of the positioning measurement period remaining after the given energy harvesting occasion, or any combination thereof. 84 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: reporting one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising: reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a first set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the first set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a second set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the second set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

6. The method of claim 4, further comprising: reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on the set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and foregoing reporting of the one or more PRS measurements based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

7. A method of wireless performed by a user equipment (UE) implementing energy harvesting, comprising: measuring one or more positioning reference signals (PRS) during a positioning measurement period; and reporting one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period. 85 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO 8. The method of claim 7, further comprising: reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a first set of accuracy requirements, wherein the first set of accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a second set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the second set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

9. The method of claim 7, further comprising: reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on the set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and foregoing reporting of the one or more PRS measurements based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

10. The method of claim 7, wherein: a duration of the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein: the positioning measurement period has a first duration based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the first duration of the positioning measurement period; and the positioning measurement period has a second duration for the positioning measurement period based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during of the first duration of the positioning measurement period, wherein the second duration is longer than the first duration. 86 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO 12. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) implementing energy harvesting, comprising: configuring one or more energy harvesting occasions at the UE; receiving a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS during a positioning measurement period; and based on a given energy harvesting occasion occurring during the positioning measurement period, discontinuing ongoing measurement of a PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, inhibiting upcoming measurements of PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, resuming PRS measurements of PRS occurring during a portion of the positioning measurement period remaining after the given energy harvesting occasion, or any combination thereof.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein: a duration of the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising: determining a first duration for the positioning measurement period based on the PRS configuration, wherein the first duration for the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the first duration of the positioning measurement period; and determining a second duration for the positioning measurement period based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during of the first duration of the positioning measurement period, wherein the second duration is longer than the first duration.

15. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) implementing energy harvesting, comprising: configuring the UE with a measurement gap configuration; and 87 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO for a given measurement gap of the measurement gap configuration performing energy harvesting during the given measurement gap or performing a positioning reference signal (PRS) measurement based on a set of one or more criterion.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the set of one or more criterion is based on: a priority associated with one or both an energy harvesting occasion and the PRS measurement; a power threshold corresponding to an amount of power available to the UE; a scaling factor; or any combination thereof.

17. The method of claim 15, further comprising: measuring one or more positioning reference signals (PRS) during a positioning measurement period; and reporting one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period.

18. The method of claim 17, further comprising: reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a first set of accuracy requirements, wherein the first set of accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a second set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the second set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

19. The method of claim 15, further comprising: measuring one or more PRS during a positioning measurement period, wherein a duration of the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period. 88 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO 20. The method of claim 19, wherein: the positioning measurement period has a first duration based on a PRS configuration, wherein the first duration for the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the first duration of the positioning measurement period; and the positioning measurement period has a second duration for the positioning measurement period based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during of the first duration of the positioning measurement period, wherein the second duration is longer than the first duration.

21. The method of claim 15, further comprising: reporting one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of a positioning measurement period.

22. The method of claim 21, further comprising: reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a first set of accuracy requirements, wherein the first set of accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period; and reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a second set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the second set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period.

23. The method of claim 15, further comprising: reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having all energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of a positioning measurement period; and foregoing reporting the one or more PRS measurements based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring within the positioning measurement period. 89 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO 24. The method of claim 15, further comprising: based on a given energy harvesting occasion occurring during a positioning measurement period, discontinuing ongoing measurement of a PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, inhibiting upcoming measurements of PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, resuming PRS measurements of PRS occurring during a portion of the positioning measurement period remaining after the given energy harvesting occasion, or any combination thereof.

25. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) implementing energy harvesting, comprising: configuring the UE with a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS; and configuring the UE with an energy harvesting configuration, wherein energy harvesting occasions of the energy harvesting configuration are based on the PRS configuration.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein: the energy harvesting occasions are based on the UE having enough power to measure the one or more PRS indicated by the PRS configuration.

27. The method of claim 25, wherein: the energy harvesting occasions have a periodicity based on a periodicity of the one or more PRS indicated by the PRS configuration.

28. A user equipment (UE), comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: 90 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO receive, via the one or more transceivers, a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS; and measure the one or more PRS during a positioning measurement period, wherein a duration of the positioning measurement period is based on the UE having one or more energy harvesting occasions occurring during the positioning measurement period.

29. A user equipment (UE), comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: measure one or more positioning reference signals (PRS) during a positioning measurement period; and report, via the one or more transceivers, one or more PRS measurements based on a set of positioning accuracy requirements, wherein the set of positioning accuracy requirements is based on the UE having energy harvesting occasions occurring outside of the positioning measurement period.

30. A user equipment (UE), comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: configure one or more energy harvesting occasions at the UE; receive, via the one or more transceivers, a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS during a positioning measurement period; and based on a given energy harvesting occasion occurring during the positioning measurement period, 91 QC2302221WOQualcomm Ref. No. 2302221WO discontinue ongoing measurement of a PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, inhibit upcoming measurements of PRS coinciding in time with the given energy harvesting occasion, resuming PRS measurements of PRS occurring during a portion of the positioning measurement period remaining after the given energy harvesting occasion, or any combination thereof.

31. A user equipment (UE), comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: configure the UE with a measurement gap configuration; and for a given measurement gap of the measurement gap configuration perform energy harvesting during the given measurement gap or perform a positioning reference signal (PRS) measurement based on a set of one or more criterion.

32. A user equipment (UE), comprising: one or more memories; one or more transceivers; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more transceivers, the one or more processors, either alone or in combination, configured to: configure the UE with a positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration for measuring one or more PRS; and configure the UE with an energy harvesting configuration, wherein energy harvesting occasions of the energy harvesting configuration are based on the PRS configuration. 92 QC2302221WO

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