Curable thermally conductive composition
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- DOW SILICONES CORP
- Filing Date
- 2023-08-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-10
AI Technical Summary
Existing thermally conductive compositions used in electronic devices face challenges in achieving a balance between high thermal conductivity, low density, and excellent dispensability, particularly in electric vehicle applications where weight reduction is critical.
A curable thermally conductive composition is developed, comprising a novel combination of at least three thermally conductive fillers: big aluminum hydroxide particles, small aluminum hydroxide particles, and aluminum oxide particles, specifically tailored to achieve an extrusion rate of 240 grams per minute or more, a density of less than 2.2 grams per cubic centimeter, and a thermal conductivity of at least 2.4 Watts per meter*Kelvin.
The composition effectively achieves the desired properties of high thermal conductivity, low density, and excellent dispensability, making it suitable for use as thermally conductive interface materials in electric vehicles and other electronic applications.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2023110939-FTAPPB-I100001 
Figure PCTCN2023110939-FTAPPB-I100002 
Figure PCTCN2023110939-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
CURABLE THERMALLY CONDUCTIVE COMPOSITIONFIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to curable thermally conductive compositions that contain thermally conductive fillers including a novel combination of at least three different thermally conductive particles.
[0002] INTRODUCTION
[0003] An industry drive to smaller and more powerful electronic devices has increased demands on thermally conductive compositions useful for dissipating heat generated in such devices. The heat generated by the high power in the smaller devices would damage the device if not efficiently dissipated. In particularly, advanced integrated circuit devices like high-power density inverters and lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles produce large amounts of heat due to the acceleration of operating speed. Thermally conductive interface materials are often used for heat removal.
[0004] As the EV industry has a trend for reducing weights of the entire vehicle bodies for long-distance driving, it requires minimized weights of inverters and battery packs. Thermally conductive compositions based on silicone fluids filled with large amounts of alumina powder and zinc oxide are widely used as thermally conductive interface (TIM) materials. Due to the relatively high density of alumina and zinc oxide, these TIM materials are usually too heavy for electric vehicle applications that require light-weight TIM materials with low density of less than 2.2 grams per cubic centimeter. Compared to aluminum oxide and zinc oxide, aluminum hydroxide (ATH) has much lower density which may contribute to weight reduction of electric vehicles and lower thermal conductivity such that a higher filler loading is needed to achieve a thermal conductivity of the composition of at least 2.4 Watts per meter*Kelvin. Increasing the filler loading has limitations on improving the thermal conductivity as thermal conductivity also depends on various parameters such as filler types, filling ratios, particle shapes, and particle sizes of different thermally conductive fillers incorporated. A challenge with thermally conductive interface materials is to provide a combination of both high thermal conductivity properties while excellent dispensability (i.e., an extrusion rate of at least 240 grams per minute) so as to ensure efficient dispensing during manufacturing and allow precise application of the thermally conductive material on small components. Particularly, due to the irregular shape and polar surface groups of ATH filler, it is more difficult to disperse ATH in silicone fluids than aluminum oxide, thus simply increasing the amount of the ATH filler to achieve the desired thermal conductivity typically reduces the extrusion rate for a composition which can even become a powdery paste. Therefore, simultaneously meeting the above three performance parameters is particularly challenging.
[0005] There remains a need to identify a thermally conductive composition that can simultaneously achieve the above described density, extrusion rate, and thermal conductivity properties.SUMMARY
[0006] The present invention provides a curable thermally conductive composition (also as “a curable polysiloxane composition” ) comprises a novel combination of at least three thermally conductive fillers comprising big aluminum hydroxide particles, small aluminum hydroxide particles, and aluminum oxide particles at specific particle size and concentrations. Surprisingly, such curable thermally conductive composition has an extrusion rate ( “ER” ) of 240 grams per minute (g / min) or more as measured using the Extrusion Rate Test defined herein below and that cures to a material that has a density of less than 2.2 grams per cubic centimeter (g / cm3) according to ASTM D792 and a thermal conductivity ( “TC” ) of at least 2.4 Watts per meter*Kelvin (W / m*K) using a hot disk according to ISO 22007-2. Such curable thermally conductive composition is particularly suitable for use as thermally conductive interface materials.
[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention is a curable thermally conductive composition comprising:
[0008] (A) from 5 to 11 weight-percent of an alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane having a viscosity in a range of 25 to 500 millipascal*seconds as determined by ASTM D445-21 using a glass capillary Cannon-Fenske type viscometer at 25 degrees Celsius, wherein the alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane has an average chemical structure (I) : Ra (3-c) R’cSiO- (R’RaSiO) a- (Ra2SiO) b-SiR’dRa (3-d) (I)
[0009] where Ra is independently in each occurrence an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, R’ is independently in each occurrence an alkenyl group, subscript a ≥ 0, subscript b > 0, subscript c is 0 or 1, subscript d is 0 or 1, (a+b) is 20 to 200, and (a+c+d) ≥2;
[0010] (B) a silyl-hydride functional polysiloxane crosslinker that contains at least two silyl-hydride groups per molecule and that is present at a concentration to provide a molar ratio of silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms to alkenyl groups for the composition of 0.3: 1 to 1.5: 1;
[0011] (C) from 85 to 92 weight-percent of thermally conductive fillers comprising:
[0012] (C1) from 40 to 55 weight-percent of aluminum hydroxide particles having a D50 in a range of 70 to 150 micrometers,
[0013] (C2) from 15 to 30 weight-percent of aluminum hydroxide particles having a D50 in a range of 1 to 30 micrometers, and
[0014] (C3) from 10 to 25 weight-percent of aluminum oxide particles having a D50 in a range of 0.2 to 4 micrometers; and
[0015] (D) a filler treating agent selected from a trialkoxysilyl diorganopolysiloxane, an alkyl trialkoxysilane, or mixtures thereof; wherein the trialkoxysilyl diorganopolysiloxane has an average chemical structure (IV) : Rc3Si [ORd2Si] g-Y-Si (ORe) 3 (IV)
[0016] where Rc, Rd, and Re are each independently in each occurrence an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, subscript g has a value of 20 to 130, and Y is O or [OSiRd2] (CH2) n, where subscript n has a value of 3 to 20;
[0017] where weight-percentages are relative to curable thermally conductive composition weight.
[0018] In a second aspect, the present invention is a process for using the curable thermally conductive composition of the first aspect. The process comprises: (i) providing the curable thermally conductive composition of the first aspect, (ii) applying the curable thermally conductive composition on an electronic component, and (iii) curing the curable thermally conductive composition.
[0019] In a third aspect, the present invention is an article comprising the curable thermally conductive composition of the first aspect and an electronic component where the thermally conductive composition is applied on, wherein the curable thermally conductive composition is in a cured form.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] Test methods refer to the most recent test method as of the priority date of this document when a date is not indicated with the test method number. References to test methods contain both a reference to the testing society and the test method number. The following test method abbreviations and identifiers apply herein: ASTM refers to ASTM International methods and ISO refers to International Organization for Standards.
[0021] Products identified by their tradename refer to the compositions available under those tradenames on the priority date of this document.
[0022] “And / or” means “and, or as an alternative” . All ranges include endpoints unless otherwise indicated. Unless otherwise stated, all weight-percent (wt%) values are relative to composition weight.
[0023] “Spherical” shaped particles refer to particles that have an aspect ratio of 1.0 + / -0.2. The aspect ratio of a particle is determined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging and by taking the average ratio of the longest dimension (major axis) and shortest dimension (minor axis) of at least ten particles.
[0024] “Roundish” refers to a shape in which the corners of the particles are small, and the entire particles are single grain with less crystal edges. The roundish particles have an aspect ratio other than 1.0 + / -0.2, may be elliptical, or the like, but does not include a sphere.
[0025] “Polyhedron” refers to a shape surrounded by a plurality of planes such as a hexahedron, an octahedron, and a dodecahedron. Each plane does not necessarily have the same shape.
[0026] “Irregular” shaped particles refer to a shape that does not have a fixed shape such as “spherical” , “roundish” , or “polyhedron” . The irregular particles have an aspect ratio other than 1.0 + / -0.2 and have sharp, uneven, different shape corners evident by SEM imaging.
[0027] Particle size of thermally conductive fillers (which is used interchangeable with “average particle size” and “D50” ) refers to the volume-weighted median value of particle diameter distribution (D50) . D50 can be measured using a MastersizerTM (trademark of Malvern Instruments Limited) 2000 laser diffraction particle size analyzer from Malvern Instruments.
[0028] Viscosity of a polysiloxane is determined according to ASTM D445-21 using a glass capillary Cannon-Fenske type viscometer at 25 degrees Celsius (℃) unless otherwise stated.
[0029] The curable thermally conductive composition of the present invention can undergo a crosslinking reaction ( “curing” ) . In the present composition, the crosslinking reaction is a hydrosilylation reaction between alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane components and silyl-hydride (SiH) functional polysiloxane crosslinker.
[0030] The curable thermally conductive composition of the present invention comprises an alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane that has two or more alkenyl groups per molecule (component (A) ) . “Alkenyl” means a branched or unbranched, monovalent hydrocarbon group having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. The alkenyl groups can be terminal, pendant, or a combination of both terminal and pendant. “Terminal” groups are on end siloxane groups of a molecule. “End” siloxane groups are attached to only one other siloxane group. “Pendant” groups are on interior siloxane group -siloxane groups bound to at least two other siloxane groups -of the molecule. “Siloxane group” is a group containing SiO that is bound to another Si through the oxygen of the SiO. Desirably, the alkenyl-functional polydiorganosiloxane has an average of one or more terminally alkenyl groups per molecule. The alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane has a viscosity in a range of 25 to 500 millipascal*seconds (mPa*s) . If the viscosity is too low, then separation between polysiloxane matrix and fillers tends to occur, thus compromising physical properties of the composition. If the viscosity is too high, then it may be difficult to incorporate the composition with thermally conductive fillers sufficient to achieve the desired high thermal conductivity and excellent dispensability. The alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane may be a combination of two or more alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxanes that may differ in one or more properties selected from molecular weight, structure, siloxane units and sequence. When the alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane is a combination of more than one alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane then the viscosity is the combined viscosity of alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxanes. The viscosity of the alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane is 25 to 500 mPa*s, and can be 25 mPa*s or more, 30 mPa*s or more, 40 mPa*s or more, 50 mPa*s or more, 60 mPa*s or more, 70 mPa*s or more, 75 mPa*s or more, 78 mPa*s or more, even 80 mPa*s or more while at the same time is 500 mPa*s or less, and can be 400 mPa*s or less, 300 mPa*s or less, 200 mPa*s or less, 150 mPa*s or less, 100 mPa*s or less, 90 mPa*s or less, even 80 mPa*s or less, desirably 30 to 100 mPa*s, as determined by using a glass capillary Cannon-Fenske type viscometer at 25 ℃ according to ASTM D445-21.
[0031] The alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane (A) useful in the present invention may have an average chemical structure (I) : Ra (3-c) R’cSiO- (R’RaSiO) a- (Ra2SiO) b-SiR’dRa (3-d) (I)
[0032] where Ra is independently in each occurrence an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group of 6 to 10 carbon atoms, R’ is independently in each occurrence an alkenyl group, subscript a is zero or more (≥ 0) , subscript b is greater than zero (>0) , subscript c is 0 or 1, subscript d is 0 or 1, (a+c+d) is 2 or more (≥2) , and (a+b) is 20 to 200.
[0033] Suitable alkyl groups for Ra may include, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl (e.g., iso-propyl and / or n-propyl) , butyl (e.g., isobutyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, and / or sec-butyl) , pentyl (e.g., isopentyl, neopentyl, and / or tert-pentyl) , hexyl, as well as branched saturated hydrocarbon groups of 6 carbon atoms. Suitable aryl groups for Ra are exemplified by phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, naphthyl, benzyl, and dimethyl phenyl. Each Ra may be the same or different. Each Ra can be an alkyl group. Desirably, each Ra is independently methyl, ethyl, or propyl, and more desirably, each Ra is methyl.
[0034] The alkenyl group for R’ typically has from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, from 2 to 6 carbon atoms or from 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Suitable alkenyl groups may include vinyl, allyl, butenyl, and hexenyl. Particularly suitable alkenyl groups for R’ vinyl, allyl, butenyl, and hexenyl. Each R’ may be the same or different. Desirably, each R’ is selected from vinyl or hexenyl. More desirably, each R’ is vinyl.
[0035] Subscript a is the average number of (R’RaSiO) groups per molecule. Subscript b is the average number of (Ra2SiO) groups per molecule. Desirably, a quantity (a+b) is 25 to 200, and can be 25 or more, 30 or more, 40 or more, 50 or more, 60 or more, 70 or more, 80 or more, 90 or more, 100 or more, 120 or more, 140 or more, 160 or more, even 180 or more while at the same time is typically 200 or less, and can be 180 or less, 160 or less, 140 or less, 120 or less, 100 or less, 80 or less, 60 or less, even 40 or less, desirably, 25 to 60. Desirably, a quantity (a+c+d) is 2 or more, even 3 or more while at the same time is typically 30 or less, and can be 20 or less, 10 or less, or even 3 or less. Desirably, subscript a is 0, subscript c is 1, subscript d is 1, and each Ra is methyl.
[0036] Examples of suitable alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxanes include i) vinyldimethylsiloxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, ii) dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane / methylvinylsiloxane) , iii) dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated polymethylvinylsiloxane, iv) trimethylsiloxy-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane / methylvinylsiloxane) , v) trimethylsiloxy-terminated polymethylvinylsiloxane, vi) dimethylvinylsiloxy-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane / methylvinylsiloxane) , or mixtures thereof.
[0037] Desirably, the alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane comprises, or consists of, one or any combination of more than one vinyldimethylsiloxy-terminated polydimethylpolysiloxane (A1) having the average chemical structure (II) : Vi (CH3) 2SiO- ( (CH3) 2SiO) b-Si (CH3) 2Vi (II)
[0038] where Vi represents vinyl, and subscript b is the average number of ( (CH3) 2SiO) groups per molecule and has a value of 20 to 200, and can be 20 or more, 25 or more, 30 or more, 35 or more, 40 or more, 45 or more, 50 or more, 55 or more, even 58 or more while at the same time typically have a value of 200 or less, and can be 180 or less, 160 or less, 140 or less, 120 or less, 100 or less, 90 or less, 80 or less, 70 or less, 60 or less, or even 58 or less. For example, the alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane can be a vinyldimethylsiloxy terminated polydimethylsiloxane having a viscosity of 78 mPa*s and containing 1.25 wt%vinyl groups relative to molecular weight such as that available from Gelest under the name SMS-V21.
[0039] The concentration of component (A) the alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane may be from 5.0 to 11.0 wt%, and can be 5.0 wt%or more, 5.5 wt%or more, 6.0 wt%or more, 6.5 wt%or more, 7.0 wt%or more, 7.5 wt%or more, 8.0 wt%or more, even 8.5 wt%or more while at the same time is generally 11.0 wt%or less, and can be 10.5 wt%or less, 10.0 wt%or less, 9.5 wt%or less, 9.0 wt%or less, or even 8.8 wt%or less, desirably, from 8.0 to 9.0 wt%, based on the weight of the curable thermally conductive composition.
[0040] The curable thermally conductive composition of the present invention comprises a silyl-hydride (SiH) functional polysiloxane crosslinker (component (B) , also referred to as “SiH crosslinker” ) . The SiH functional polysiloxane crosslinker contains at least two silyl-hydride groups (i.e., containing at least two silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms) , or even 3 or more, per molecule. The SiH groups can be pendant, terminal or a combination of both pendant and terminal. The SiH functional polysiloxane crosslinker can have an average chemical structure (III) : Rbb (3-h) HhSiO- (HRbbSiO) e- (Rbb2SiO) f-SiHh′Rbb (3-h′) (III)
[0041] where Rbb is independently in each occurrence selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and phenyl; subscripts h and h′ each are independently in each occurrence selected from a value in a range of zero to 3 provided that the combination of e, h, and h′ is at least 2; subscript e is zero to 30; and subscript f is 5 to 200.
[0042] The Rbb group can have one carbon or more, 2 carbons or more, 3 carbons or more, 4 carbons or more, even 5 carbons or more while at the same time 6 carbons or fewer, 5 carbons or fewer, 4 carbons or fewer, 3 carbons or fewer, even 2 carbons or fewer. Desirably, the Rbb group is independently in each occurrence selected from methyl and phenyl. H is a hydrogen atom.
[0043] Subscripts h and h′ refer to the average number of terminal hydrogen atoms on either end and each are independently in each occurrence selected from a value in a range of zero to 3 provided that the combination of e, h, and h′ is at least 2. Desirably, h and h′ are independently in each occurrence 0 or more, 1 or more, even 2 or more while at the same time 3 or less, 2 or less, even 1 or less. More desirably, h and h′ have the same value. Most desirably, h and h′ are both zero. Subscript e is the average number of (HRbbSiO) groups per molecule. If h and h′ are both zero then e is in a range of 2 to 30. If h and h′ are both non-zero then subscript e can be zero to 30 provided the combination of e, h and h′ is 2 or more. Desirably, subscript e is 1 or more, and can be 2 or more and can be 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, even 9 or more while at the same time typically is 30 or less, and can be 25 or less, 20 or less, 15 or less, 10 or less, 9 or less, 8 or less, 7 or less, 6 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, even 2 or less, desirably, e is in a range of 2 to 8. Subscript f is the average number of (Rbb2SiO) groups per molecule. Generally, subscript f is 5 or more, 10 or more, 14 or more, 20 or more, 25 or more, 30 or more, 40 or more, 50 or more, and can be 75 or more, 100 or more, 125 or more, 150 or more, 175 or more, even 190 or more while at the same time is typically 200 or less, 175 or less, 150 or less, 125 or less, 100 or less, 75 or less, 50 or less, 40 or less, 30 or less, 25 or less, 22 or less, or even 20 or less, desirably, f is in a range of 5 to 30.
[0044] Desirably, the SiH functional polysiloxane crosslinker has the structure of formula (III-a) , (III-b) , or combinations thereof: H (CH3) 2SiO- [ (CH3) 2) SiO) ] x-Si (CH3) 2H (III-a) (CH3) 3SiO- [ (CH3) HSiO] y [ (CH3) 2) SiO] z-Si (CH3) 3 (III-b)
[0045] where subscript x is 10 to 100, desirably, 10 to 30; subscript y is 2 to 30, desirably, 2 to 8; and subscript z is 3 to 100, desirably, 5 to 30.
[0046] Component (B) can be a combination of a SiH crosslinker of formula (III-a) and a SiH crosslinker of formula (III-b) . Desirably, component (B) is one or more SiH crosslinkers of formula (III-b) .
[0047] The SiH functional polysiloxane crosslinker may have a silicon-bonded hydrogen atom ( “SiH” ) content (i.e., SiH content) of from 0.01 to 1.0 wt%, and can be 0.01 wt%or more, 0.05%wt%or more, 0.08 wt%or more, 0.1 wt%or more, 0.11 wt%or more, 0.12 wt%or more, even 0.14 wt%or more, while at the same time is generally 1.0 wt%or less, and can be 0.9 wt%or less, 0.8 wt%or less, 0.7 wt%or less, 0.6 wt%or less, 0.5 wt%or less, 0.4 wt%or less, 0.3 wt%or less, or even 0.2 wt%or less, desirably, from 0.08 to 0.5 wt%. SiH content refers to weight percentages of the silicon bonded hydrogen atoms relative to the molecular weight of the SiH functional polysiloxane crosslinker and can be determined using Fourier Transfer Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy.
[0048] Suitable SiH functional polysiloxane crosslinkers may include, for example, trimethylsiloxy-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane / methylhydrogensiloxane) , trimethylsiloxy-terminated polymethylhydrogensiloxane, hydrogen-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, hydrogen-terminated poly (dimethylsiloxane / methylhydrogensiloxane) , or mixtures thereof. The crosslinker may be a combination of two or more crosslinkers that may differ in one or more properties selected from molecular weight, structure, siloxane units, and sequence, such as a mixture of trimethyl terminated dimethyl-co-hydrogen methyl polysiloxane and a hydride terminated polydimethylsiloxane. Specific examples of SiH crosslinkers include those having average chemical structure of Me3SiO (Me2SiO) 7 (MeHSiO) 3SiMe3, Me3SiO (Me2SiO) 108 (MeHSiO) 10SiMe3, Me3SiO (Me2SiO) 22 (MeHSiO) 2SiMe3, Me3SiO- [MeHSiO] 3.7 [Me2SiO] 8.7-SiMe3, HMe2SiO (Me2SiO) 25 (MeHSiO) 1SiMe2H, or H (Me) 2SiO- [Me2SiO) ] 14-SiMe2H, where Me represents methyl; or mixtures thereof. Suitable commercially available SiH crosslinkers include those available under the names HMS-071, HMS-501 and DMS-H11 all available from Gelest. Desirably, the SiH crosslinker can be one or a combination of both polymers selected from a group consisting of: (B-i) trimethyl terminated dimethyl-co-hydrogen methyl polysiloxane with a viscosity of 20-25 mPa*s and a SiH content of 0.10 wt%; and (B-ii) trimethyl terminated dimethyl-co-hydrogen methyl polysiloxane having a viscosity in a range of 7-15 mPa*s and a SiH content of 0.356 wt%.
[0049] The concentration of the SiH functional polysiloxane crosslinker is sufficient to provide a molar ratio of silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms from the crosslinker to alkenyl groups (desirably, vinyl groups) in the curable thermally conductive composition (also as “SiH / Vi ratio” ) in a range of from 0.3: 1 to 1.5: 1, and can be 0.3: 1 or higher, 0.4: 1 or higher, 0.45: 1 or higher, 0.5: 1 or higher, even 0.8: 1 or higher while at the same time is 1.5: 1 or less, and can be 1.4: 1 or less, 1.3: 1 or less, 1.2: 1 or less, 1.1: 1 or less, 1.0: 1 or less, 0.9: 1 or less, 0.8: 1 or less, 0.7: 1 or less, 0.6: or less, or even 0.5: 1 or less. Desirably, the SiH / Vi ratio is from 0.4: 1 to 1.0: 1. The SiH / Vi ratio determines the extent of crosslinking that occurs when the curable thermally conductive composition cures. If the SiH / Vi ratio is too low, then the composition tends not to be sufficiently cured. If the SiH / Vi ratio is too high then the composition cures so much it may become brittle and suffer from surface cracking.
[0050] The curable thermally conductive composition of the present invention comprises thermally conductive fillers (component (C) ) . Component (C) comprises, and can consist of, a combination of at least three different thermally conductive fillers, i.e., (C1) , (C2) , and (C3) , described below.
[0051] The first thermally conductive filler (C1) is aluminum hydroxide particles having a D50 particle size of from 70 to 150 μm, and can have a D50 of 70 μm or more, greater than 70 μm, 75 μm or more, 80 μm or more, 85 μm or more, 88 μm or more, 90 μm or more, greater than 90 μm, 95 μm or more, 100 μm or more, greater than 100 μm, 105 μm or more, even 110 μm or more while at the same time have a D50 particle size of 150 μm or less, and can be 145 μm or less, 140 μm or less, 135 μm or less, 130 μm or less, 125 μm or less, 120 μm or less, 110 μm or less, 100 μm or less, 95 μm or less, 90 μm or less, or even less than 90 μm. Desirably, the first thermally conductive filler (C1) has a D50 of from 75 to 150 μm, more desirably, from 88 to 140 μm, and even more desirably, from greater than 100 to 130 μm, or from greater than 100 to 125 μm. Alternatively, the first thermally conductive filler (C1) may have a D50 in a range of from 70 to 100 μm, from 70 to 90 μm, even from 70 to less than 90 μm, and desirably, in a range of from 70 to 88 μm. The aluminum hydroxide particles as the first thermally conductive filler (C1) can be irregular shaped particles. The first thermally conductive filler can be a combination of two or more ATH fillers different in particle size as long as each having a D50 within the ranges defined above, e.g., within 70 to 150 μm. The concentration of the aluminum hydroxide particles (C1) is from 40 to 55 wt%, and can be 40 wt%or more, greater than 40 wt%, 40.5 wt%or more, 41 wt%or more, 41.5 wt%or more, even 42 wt%or more while at the same time is 55 wt%or less, can be 54 wt%, 53 wt%or less, 52 wt%or less, 51 wt%or less, 50 wt%or less, or even 49.5 wt%or less; desirably, from 42 to 52 wt%or from 45 to 55 wt%, based on the weight of the curable thermally conductive composition. Desirably, the first thermally conductive filler (C1) is from 45 to 55 wt%of aluminum hydroxide particles having a D50 of from greater than 100 to 125 μm, based on the weight of the curable thermally conductive composition.
[0052] The second thermally conductive filler (C2) is aluminum hydroxide particles having a D50 particle size of from 1 to 30 μm, and can have a D50 of 1 μm or more, 2 μm or more, 5 μm or more, 8 μm or more, 9 μm or more, 10 μm or more, even 12 μm or more while at the same time have a D50 particle size of 30 μm or less, and can have a D50 of 28 μm or less, 25 μm or less, less than 25 μm, 22 μm or less, 20 μm or less, less than 20 μm, 18 μm or less, 15 μm or less, or even 12 μm or less. Desirably, (C2) the aluminum hydroxide particles have a D50 particle size of from 1 to 20 μm, and more desirably, from 9 to 15 μm. The concentration of the second thermally conductive filler (C2) is from 15 to 30 wt%, and can be 15 wt%or more, 16 wt%or more, 17 wt%or more, 18 wt%or more, 19 wt%or more, 20 wt%or more, even 21 wt%or more while at the same time is 30 wt%or less, and can be 29.5 wt%or less, 29 wt%or less, 28.5 wt%or less, 28 wt%or less, 25 wt%or less, or even 23 wt%or less, desirably, from 18 to 30 wt%, more desirably, from 20 to 30 wt%, even more desirably, from 20 to 28 wt%, based on the weight of the curable thermally conductive composition. The aluminum hydroxide particles for the second thermally conductive filler (C2) can be irregular shaped particles. The second thermally conductive filler can be a combination of two or more ATH fillers different in particle size as long as each having a D50 within the ranges as described above, e.g., within 1 to 30 μm. The second thermally conductive filler (C2) can consist of, or may comprise aluminum hydroxide particles having a D50 in a range of 1 to 20 μm, desirably, in a range of 9 to 15 μm, typically at a concentration of 20 wt%or more, based on the weight of the curable thermally conductive composition.
[0053] The third thermally conductive filler (C3) is aluminum oxide particles having a D50 particle size of from 0.2 to 4 μm, and can have a D50 of 0.2 μm or more, 0.3 μm or more, 0.5 μm or more, 0.7 μm or more, 0.8 μm or more, even 0.9 μm or more while at the same time has a D50 particle of 4 μm or less, and can have a D50 of 3.5 μm or less, 3 μm or less, 2.5 μm or less, 2 μm or less, 1.5 μm or less, 1 μm or less, less than 1 μm, 0.8 μm or less, 0.6 μm or less, or even 0.5 μm or less. Desirably, the third thermally conductive filler (C3) has a D50 in a range of from 0.2 to 2 μm, more desirably, from 0.3 to 2 μm, and further desirably, from 0.4 to less than 1 μm. The concentration of the third thermally conductive filler (C3) is from 10 to 25 wt%, and can be 10 wt%or more, 11 wt%or more, 12 wt%or more, 14 wt%or more, 15 wt%or more, even 16 wt%or more while at the same time is 25 wt%or less, and can be 24 wt%or less, 23 wt%or less, 22 wt%or less, 20 wt%or less, 18 wt%or less, 17 wt%or less, or even 15 wt%or less, desirably, from 10 to 20 wt%, based on the weight of the curable thermally conductive composition. The third thermally conductive filler (C3) may comprise spherical, roundish, irregular, or polyhedron particles, or combinations of two or more aluminum oxide fillers different in shapes or particle size as long as each having a D50 within the ranges describe above, e.g., within the range of 0.2 to 4 μm. Desirably, the third thermally conductive filler (C3) is irregular or spherical aluminum oxide particles, more desirably, having a D50 of from 0.4 to less than 1 μm.
[0054] The thermally conductive filler (C) may also comprise, or can be free of, a fourth thermally conductive filler (C4) that is other than (C1) to (C3) described above. The fourth thermally conductive filler (C4) may be selected from (C4-i) boron nitride with a D50 particle size in a range of from 20 to 130 μm, (C4-ii) aluminum oxide with a D50 of greater than 4 μm, or mixtures thereof. The aluminum oxide useful as the fourth thermally conductive filler (C4) can have a D50 of 30 μm or more, 90 μm or more, or even 100 μm or more. The fourth thermally conductive filler particles can have any shape such as spherical, irregular, roundish, or polyhedron. The concentration of (C4-i) boron nitride may be in a range of zero to 15 wt%, and can be less than 10 wt%, less than 5%, less than 1 wt%, or even zero, based on the weight of the curable thermally conductive composition. The concentration of (C4-ii) aluminum oxide may be in a range of zero to less than 10 wt%, and can be less than 5 wt%, less than 1 wt%, or even zero, based on the weight of the curable thermally conductive composition.
[0055] Desirably, the thermally conductive filler (C) comprises or consists of: (C1) from 45 to 55 wt%of aluminum hydroxide particles having a D50 of from greater than 100 to 130 μm; (C2) from 18 to 30 wt%of aluminum hydroxide particles having a D50 of from 1 to 20 μm; and (C3) from 15 to 25 wt%of aluminum oxide particles having a D50 of from 0.2 to 2 μm. Alternatively, the thermally conductive filler (C) comprises or consists of: (C1) from 45 to 55 wt%of aluminum hydroxide particles having a D50 of from 70 to 100 μm or from 70 to 90 μm, (C2) from 15 to 25 wt%of aluminum hydroxide particles having a D50 of from 1 to 15 μm; and (C3) from 10 to 25 wt%of aluminum oxide particles having a D50 of from 0.2 to less than 1 μm.
[0056] The total concentration of thermally conductive fillers (C) may be from 85 to 92 wt%and can be 85 wt%or more, 86 wt%or more, 87 wt%or more, even 87.5 wt%or more while at the same time is 92 wt%or less, and can be 90 wt%or less, 89 wt%or less, even 88 wt%or less, based on the weight of the curable thermally conductive composition.
[0057] The curable thermally conductive composition of the present invention comprises a filler treating agent (component (D) ) . Component (D) may be selected from a trialkoxysilyl diorganopolysiloxane, an alkyl trialkoxysilane, or mixtures thereof. Component (D) is one or a combination of more than one filler treating agent. Component (D) the filler treating agent may comprise, or consists of, one or any combination of more than one trialkoxysilyl diorganopolysiloxane (D-1) having an average chemical structure (IV) : Rc3Si [ORd2Si] g-Y-Si (ORe) 3
[0058] where Rc, Rd, and Re are each independently in each occurrence an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, for example, having 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, 5 or more, 6 or more, 7 or more, even 8 or more carbon atoms while at the same time typically having 20 or lower, 10 or fewer, 8 or fewer, 6 or fewer, 4 or fewer, 3 or fewer, even 2 or fewer carbon atoms; subscript g typically has a value of 20 to 130, and can be 20 or more, 25 or more, 30 or more, 40 or more, 50 or more, 60 or more, 70 or more, 80 or more, 90 or more, 100 or more, or even 110 or more, while at the same time typically has a value of 150 or less, and can be 130 or less, 125 or less, 120 or less, 110 or less, 100 or less, 90 or less, 80 or less, 70 or less, 60 or less, 50 or less, 40 or less, or even 30 or less; and Y is O or [OSiRd2] (CH2) n, where subscript n has a value of 3 to 20, 3 to 10, or 3 to 6; desirably, Y is [OSi (CH3) 2] (CH2) n. Desirably, when Y is O, subscript g has a value in a range of 20 to 120 or 20 to 115. Alternatively, when Y is [OSiRd2] (CH2) n, subscript g has a value in a range of 20 to 50. Each Rc, Rd, and Re can be the same or different. Suitable alkyl groups for Rc, Rd, and Re are exemplified by methyl, ethyl, propyl (e.g., iso-propyl and / or n-propyl) , butyl (e.g., isobutyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, and / or sec-butyl) , pentyl (e.g., isopentyl, neopentyl, and / or tert-pentyl) , hexyl, as well as branched saturated hydrocarbon groups of 6 carbon atoms. Rc, Rd, and Re each can be independently methyl, ethyl, and propyl. Desirably, each Rc, Rd, and Re is methyl. Alternatively, Rd, Re, and two of Rc are all methyl, and one Rc is an alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms such as octyl, Y is [OSi (CH3) 2] (CH2) n, where subscript n is in a range of 3 to 20 such as 3 to 6. A particularly desirable trialkoxysilyl diorganopolysiloxane is a monotrimethoxysiloxy and trimethylsiloxy terminated polydimethylsiloxane such as those having the average chemical formula C8H17 [ (CH3) 2SiO] 26 [Si (CH3) 2] C6H12Si (OCH3) 3. Suitable trialkoxysilyl diorganopolysiloxanes can be synthesized according to the teachings in US11098196B2.
[0059] Component (D) the filler treating agent may comprise or be free of one or a combination of more than one alkyl trialkoxysilane (D-2) . Suitable alkyl trialkoxysilanes include those having the chemical formula (V) : RfSi (ORg) 3 (V)
[0060] where Rf is independently in each occurrence an alkyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and can be 6 or more, 7 or more, 8 or more, 9 or more, or even 10 or more carbon atoms, while at the same time having 20 or less, and can have 18 or less, 16 or less, 14 or less, 12 or less, or even 10 or less carbon atoms; and Rg is independently in each occurrence an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and can have 1 or more, 2 or more, 3 or more, 4 or more, even 5 or more carbon atoms while at the same time generally having 6 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, or even 2 or less carbon atoms. Desirably, Rf is independently in each occurrence an alkyl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms. Rg is desirably methyl so as to form methoxyl groups attached to the silicon atom. A particularly desirable alkyl trialkoxysilane is n-decyltrimethoxysilane, n-octyltrimethoxysilane, or a mixture thereof. Suitable alkyl trialkoxysilanes include n-decyltrimethoxysilane available from The Dow Chemical Company as DOWSILTM Z-6210 Silane or under the name SID2670.0 from Gelest (DOWSIL is a trademark of The Dow Chemical Company) .
[0061] Desirably, component (D) is a mixture of the filler treating agent (D-1) of formula (III) , where Y is [Si (CH3) 2] (CH2) n, where n is defined as above in formula (IV) ; and the filler treating agent (D-2) of formula (V) . More desirably, component (D) is a mixture of the filler treating agent (D-1) selected from C9H19 [ (CH3) 2SiO] 26 [Si (CH3) 2] C6H12Si (OCH3) 3 and the filler treating agent (D-2) selected from n-decyltrimethoxysilane, n-octyltrimethoxysilane, or a mixture thereof. Component (D) the filler treating agent useful in the present invention may be present at a total concentration of from 0.5 to 2.5 wt%, and can be 0.5 wt%or more, 0.6 wt%or more, 0.7 wt%or more, 0.8 wt%or more, 0.9 wt%or more, 1.0 wt%or more, 1.2 wt%or more, 1.3 wt%or more, 1.4 wt%or more, 1.5 wt%or more, 1.6%or more, even 1.7%or more while at the same time is typically 2.5 wt%or less, and can be 2.4%or less, 2.3 wt%or less, 2.2 wt%or less, 2.1 wt%or less, 2.0 wt%or less, or even 1.9 wt%or less, based on the weight of the curable thermally conductive composition. Desirably, the trialkoxysilyl diorganopolysiloxane (D-1) is present at a concentration of from 0.5 to 2.5 wt%, and can be 0.5 wt%or more, 0.6 wt%or more, 0.7 wt%or more, 0.8 wt%or more, 0.9 wt%or more, 1.0 wt%or more, 1.1 wt%or more, 1.2 wt%or more, 1.5 wt%or more, even 1.6 wt%or more while at the same time is typically present at a concentration of 2.5 wt%or less, and can be 2.4 wt%or less, 2.2 wt%or less, 2.0 wt%or less, 1.8 wt%or less, or even 1.7 wt%or less, based on the weight of the curable thermally conductive composition. At the same time, or alternatively, the alkyltrialkoxysilane (D-2) may be present at a concentration of from zero to 0.4 wt%, and can be greater than zero, 0.01 wt%or more, 0.05 wt%or more, 0.1 wt%or more, 0.14 wt%or more, even 0.15 wt%or more while at the same time is typically 0.5 wt%or less, and can be 0.4 wt%or less, 0.3 wt%or less, or even 0.2 wt%or less, based on the weight of the curable thermally conductive composition.
[0062] The curable thermally conductive composition of the present invention may comprise or be free of one or more platinum (Pt) -based hydrosilylation reaction catalyst (component (E) ) . Such hydrosilylation reaction catalyst may include compounds and complexes such as platinum (0) -1, 3-divinyl-1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethyldisiloxane (Karstedt’s catalyst) , H2PtCl6, di-μ. -carbonyl di-. π. -cyclopentadienyldinickel, platinum-carbonyl complexes, platinum-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane complexes, platinum cyclovinylmethylsiloxane complexes, platinum acetylacetonate (acac) , platinum black, platinum compounds such as chloroplatinic acid, chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate, a reaction product of chloroplatinic acid and a monohydric alcohol, platinum bis (ethylacetoacetate) , platinum bis (acetylacetonate) , platinum dichloride, and complexes of the platinum compounds with olefins or low molecular weight organopolysiloxanes or platinum compounds microencapsulated in a matrix or core-shell type structure. The hydrosilylation reaction catalyst can be part of a solution that includes complexes of platinum with low molecular weight organopolysiloxanes that include 1, 3-diethenyl-1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethyldisiloxane complexes with platinum. These complexes may be microencapsulated in a resin matrix (typically, in a phenyl resin) or non-encapsulated. The resin matrix for microencapsulating the complexes can be a phenyl resin, an acrylate polymer, a polycarbonate, or other resin matrix which has a melting point less than 150 ℃ to release Pt during heat curing. Exemplary hydrosilylation reaction catalysts are described in U.S. Patents 3,159,601 and 3,220,972, and encapsulated platinum catalysts described in WO2014017671A1. The catalyst can be 1, 3-diethenyl-1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethyldisiloxane complex with platinum. Platinum-based hydrosilylation reaction catalysts are commercially available, for example, SYL-OFFTM 4000 Catalyst, SYL-OFF 4500 Catalyst, and SYL-OFF 2700 Catalyst are available from The Dow Chemical Company (SYL-OFF is a trademark of The Dow Chemical Company) . Two different catalysts (e.g., E1 and E2) that activate at different temperatures can be added. The two different catalysts may be (E1) 1, 3-diethenyl-1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethyldisiloxane complex with platinum, and (E2) an encapsulated platinum catalyst, such as 1, 3-diethenyl-1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethyldisiloxane complex with platinum which is encapsulated in dimethyl siloxane with phenyl silsesquioxane.
[0063] The amount of component (E) the platinum-based hydrosilylation reaction catalyst is sufficient to provide 0.5 part per million (ppm) to 300 ppm, and can be 0.5 ppm or more, 5 ppm or more, 10 ppm or more, 20 ppm or more, even 30 ppm or more while at the same time is generally 300 ppm or less, and can be 200 ppm or less, 130 ppm or less, 100 ppm or less, or even 50 ppm or less, of the platinum, by weight based on the weight of the curable thermally conductive composition. Alternatively, the amount of the platinum-based hydrosilylation reaction catalyst may be from 0.01 to 0.6 wt%, and can be 0.01 wt%or more, 0.03 wt%or more, 0.04 wt%or more, 0.05 wt%or more, 0.06 wt%or more, even 0.07 wt%or more while at the same time is typically 0.6 wt%or less, and can be 0.5 wt%or less, 0.4 wt%or less, 0.3 wt%or less, 0.2 wt%or less, 0.1 wt%or less, 0.09 wt%or less, 0.08 wt%or less, or even 0.075 wt%or less, based on the weight of the curable thermally conductive composition.
[0064] The curable thermally conductive composition of the present invention may comprise or be free of one or a combination of more than one hydrosilylation reaction inhibitor (Component (F) , also as “inhibitor” ) . Inhibitors can serve to stabilize the curable thermally conductive composition from premature curing and provide storage stability to the composition. Examples of suitable inhibitors include any one or any combination of more than one of acetylene-type compounds such as 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol; 3-methyl-l-butyn-3-ol; 3, 5-dimethyl- l-hexyn-3-ol; 2-phenyl-3-butyn-2-ol; 3-phenyl-l-butyn-3-ol; 1-ethynyl-1-cyclohexanol; 1, 1-dimethyl-2-propynyl) oxy) trimethylsilane; and methyl (tris (l, l-dimethyl-2-propynyloxy) ) silane; ene-yne compounds such as 3-methyl-3-penten-l-yne and 3, 5-dimethyl-3-hexen-l-yne; triazols such as benzotriazole; hydrazine-based compounds; phosphines-based compounds; mercaptan-based compounds; cycloalkenylsiloxanes including methylvinylcyclosiloxanes such as l, 3, 5, 7-tetramethyl-1, 3, 5, 7-tetravinyl cyclotetrasiloxane and l, 3, 5, 7-tetramethyl-l, 3, 5, 7-tetrahexenyl cyclotetrasiloxane.
[0065] The concentration of component (F) the inhibitor may be zero to 0.5 wt%, and can be 0.001 wt%or more, 0.002 wt%or more, 0.003 wt%or more, 0.01 wt%or more, 0.05 wt%or more, even 0.1 wt%or more, while at the same time is typically 0.5 wt%or less, and can be 0.3 wt%or less, 0.2 wt%or less, 0.15 wt%or less, 0.01 wt%or less, 0.005 wt%or less, 0.004 wt%or less, or even 0.003 wt%or less, based on the weight of the curable thermally conductive composition.
[0066] The curable thermally conductive composition of the present invention may comprise or be free of other optional components including any one or any combination of more than one of the following components: heat stabilizers and / or pigments (such as copper phthalocyanine powder) , thixotropic agents, fumed silica (desirably, surface treated) , and spacer additives (such as glass beads) . The total concentration for these additional components can be in a range of from zero to 0.6 wt%, and can be greater than zero or more, 0.1 wt%or more, 0.2 wt%or more, 0.3 wt%or more, 0.4 wt%or more, even 0.5 wt%or more while at the same time is typically 0.6 wt%or less, and can be 0.5 wt%or less, 0.4 wt%or less, 0.3 wt%or less, 0.2 wt%or less, 0.1 wt%or less, or even 0.05 wt%or less, based on the weight of the curable thermally conductive composition.
[0067] The curable thermally conductive composition of the present invention may comprise or be free of one or a combination of more than one solvent. The concentration of solvent can be less than 0.01 wt%, less than 0.005 wt%, or even zero, based on the weight of the curable thermally conductive composition. Desirably, the curable thermally conductive composition is substantially free of a solvent, i.e., contains no solvent or may contain trace amounts of residual solvents from delivery of starting materials in the composition. The concentration of the solvent can be measured by gas chromatography (GC) . If the amount of solvents is too high, voids tend to be generated during curing the curable thermally conductive composition, which gives poor surface appearance or even results in a decreased thermal conductivity. The solvent can be an organic solvent such as an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon, which is saturated or unsaturated, such as benzene, toluene, xylene, hexane, heptane, octane, iso-paraffin, hydrocarbon compounds of 8 to 18 carbon atoms and at least one aliphatic unsaturation per molecule such as tetradecene; a ketone such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, or methyl isobutyl ketone; an ester acetate such as ethyl acetate or isobutyl acetate; an ether such as a glycol ether such as propylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, and propylene glycol n-butyl ether, diisopropyl ether or 1, 4-dioxane; a cyclic or linear siloxane having an average degree of polymerization from 3 to 10 such as hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, and / or decamethylcyclopentasiloxane; or mixtures thereof. The curable thermally conductive composition does not require the use of any solvents such as those described above while still achieving the desired ER (i.e., good processability) and TC properties described herein, below.
[0068] The curable thermally conductive composition of the present invention achieves an extrusion rate (ER) of 240 g / min or more. The ER can be determined at a pressure of 0.62 MegaPascals (MPa) and 25 ℃ with a standard 30 cubic centimeters EFD syringe package (further details provided below under Extrusion Rate Test) . Desirably, the thermally conducive composition can have an ER of 250 g / min or more, more desirably, 300 g / min or more. ER is a useful characteristic as a measure of extrudability, viscosity, dispensability, which, for example, makes the curable thermally conductive composition easily dispensable for applying onto another material such as electronic components or heat sinks. At the same time, the curable thermally conductive composition of the present invention, upon curing, achieves a density of less than 2.2 g / cm3 as measured according to ASTM D792 and provides a thermal conductivity (TC) of at least 2.4 W / m*K, desirably, 2.5 W / m*K or more, more desirably, 2.6 W / m*K or more, as measured using a hot disk according to ISO 22007-2 with cured samples (further details provided below under Thermal Conductivity Test) . Having such a high TC (affording an efficient thermal dissipation) and by being easily dispensable makes the curable thermally conductive composition particularly useful as a thermally conductive interface material to efficiently transfer heat between two components. Thermally conductive interface materials are typically used to thermally couple heat generating components and heat dissipating components, especially in electronics.
[0069] The present invention also relates to a method of preparing the curable thermally conductive composition. The method comprises: admixing the alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane, the SiH crosslinker, the thermally conductive fillers, the filler treating agent, and optionally, the hydroxylation reaction catalyst and the inhibitor and other optional components described above.
[0070] The present invention also relates to a process for using the curable thermally conductive composition described above. The process comprises: step (i) providing the curable thermally conductive composition; step (ii) applying the curable thermally conductive composition on an electronic component; and step (iii) curing the curable composition; thereby forming a thermally conductive silicone material (i.e., a cured material) . Desirably, the applying of the curable thermally conductive composition involves dispensing or extruding the curable thermally conductive composition. Due to the above described properties of the curable thermally conductive composition such as excellent dispensability and conformability as indicated by the low ER above, the process allows for automated dispensing and assembly (i.e., increased productivity) with minimal stress applied to fill in intricate geometries and diverse gaps, therefore avoiding potential damages to the electronic components. In step (iii) of the process, the thermally conductive composition can be cured at room temperature or by heat, for example, at temperatures greater than 25 ℃, and can be greater than 40 ℃, or greater than 80 ℃. The duration time for curing may vary depending on the temperatures, typically 0.5 to 24 hours. The curable thermally conductive composition can be cured by heat generated by the electronic component. Examples of the electronic components which generate heat during an electronic device comprising such electronic components is operated include central processing units (CPU) , graphics processing units (GPU) , memory chips, batteries, driver chips and optical modules. Desirably, when the electronic device is in operation, the heat generated from the electronic component cures the curable thermally conductive composition typically within several hours, thereby forming the cured material.
[0071] Due to the low concentration or absence of the solvent in the curable thermally conductive composition, the process does not involve (that is, is free of) an extra procedure for removal of the solvent, e.g., stripping off or evaporating the solvent. While still affording the resulting composition with the desired properties as described above, the curable thermally conductive composition enables the process for using the composition without the aid of a solvent and also makes it applicable to dispense (e.g., by extrusion) the composition directly onto components of articles without requiring addition of solvents to the composition before use.
[0072] The present invention further relates to an article. The article can be formed by the above process or comprises the curable thermally conductive composition in a cured formed and the electronic component where the thermally conductive composition is applied on. The thermally conductive composition can be applied on one or two electronic components which generate heat. The article may also comprise another component such as another electronic component same as or different from the electronic component where the thermally conductive composition is applied on or a heat dissipating component, such that the thermally conductive composition can be between and in contact with one electronic component and the heat dissipating component, or between and in contract with the two electronic components of an electronic device where at least one electronic component generates heat when the electronic device is in operation. Examples of suitable heat dissipating components may include a heat sink, cooling plate / pad, cooling tube, and metal cover. Desirably, the article of the present invention is an electronic device. Examples of suitable electronic devices may include optical modules, smartphones, digital cameras, computers, pad devices, servers and base stations for communication, power inverters, DC (direct current) -to-DC converters, advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) , and battery packs (e.g., lithium-ion batteries) in electric vehicles (EV) . In particular, the curable thermally conductive composition is suitable as heat dissipating materials (useful as gap fillers) for use in vehicle-mounted electronic component requiring light weight, excellent dispensability, and durability under elevated temperatures.
[0073] EXAMPLES
[0074] Some embodiments of the invention will now be described in the following Examples, wherein all weight percentages (wt%) are relative to the weight of a composition and all particle sizes of fillers are D50 particle sizes, unless otherwise specified. Table 1 lists the materials for use in the thermally conductive composition of the samples described herein below. Note: “Vi” represents vinyl, “Me” represents methyl, and “TC filler” refers to thermally conductive filler. SYL-OFF is a trademark of The Dow Chemical Company.
[0075] Table 1
[0076] *Viscosities of polysiloxanes were measured by ASTM D445-21 at 25 ℃.
[0077] D50 was measured by Mastersizer 2000 (with Hydro 2000SM dispersion unit) from Malvern Instruments.
[0078] Inventive Example (IE) 1-6 and Comparative Example (CE) 1-8 Samples
[0079] Formulations for the samples are in Tables 2 and 3, with the amount of each component reported in grams (g) . Samples were prepared by using a SpeedMixerTM DAC 400 FVZ mixer from FlackTek Inc. (South Carolina, USA) to mix the components together. To a cup of the SpeedMixer add the Vi Polymer (A-1) , SiH Crosslinkers (B-1) and (B-2) , Treating Agents (D-1) and (D-2) , and TC filler C3. Mix at 1000 revolutions per minute (RPM) for 20 seconds, then 1500 RPM for 20 seconds. Add TC filler C2 and mix at 1000 RPM for 20 seconds, then 1500 RPM for 20 seconds. Add TC filler C1 or TC filler [C1+C2] , and TC fillers C4 and C5 if used, and mix in the same way. The resulting composition in the cup was scraped to ensure homogenous mixing and then Pt Catalyst E-1, Inhibitor F-1, and Pigment G-1 were added and mixed in like manner to obtain the curable thermally conductive composition samples.
[0080] The obtained thermally conductive composition samples were evaluated for extrusion rate, thermal conductivity, and density according to the following test methods:
[0081] Extrusion Rate Test
[0082] Extrusion rate ( “ER” ) for a sample was determined using Nordson EFD dispensing equipment. Package sample material into a 30 cubic centimeter syringe with a 2.54 millimeter (mm) opening (EFD syringe form Nordson Company) . Dispense the sample at 25 ℃ through the opening by applying a pressure of 0.62 MPa to the syringe. The mass of the sample in grams (g) extruded after one minute corresponds to the extrusion rate in g / min. The objective of the present invention is to achieve an extrusion rate of at least 240 g / min. Notably, some samples were powdery pastes that could not be extruded so they are reported as having an ER of 0 (and thermal conductivity and density were not measured, thus reporting as “NA” ) .
[0083] Thermal Conductivity Test
[0084] Thermal conductivity ( “TC” ) was determined using a hot disk according to ISO 22007-2. The thermal conductivity of cured samples was measured by Hot Disk TPS 2500 S instrument with a 3.189 mm Kapton sensor (model 5465) . The cured samples were prepared by curing the curable thermally conductive composition samples prepared above at 100 ℃ for 60 min with dimension of 25mm*25mm*8mm. The objective of the present invention is to achieve a thermal conductivity of at least 2.4 W / m*K.
[0085] Density Test
[0086] Density of cured samples was measured according to ASTM D792. Acceptable density is less than 2.2 grams per cubic centimeter (g / cm3) . The cured samples were prepared according to the same procure as described in the Thermal Conductivity Test above.
[0087] Each sample was characterized for extrusion rate using the Extrusion Rate Test, thermal conductivity using the Thermal Conductivity Test, and density using the Density Test described herein, above. Table 2 contains characterization results for IEs 1-6 samples. As shown in Table 2, IEs 1-6 samples that each comprise a novel combination of specific amounts of at least three different TC fillers including (C1) ATH filler having a D50 in a range of 70-150 μm, (C2) ATH filler having a D50 in a range of 1-30 μm, and (C3) Al2O3 filler having a D50 in a range of 0.1 to 4 μm, all showed a low density of less than 2.2 g / cm3 while achieving both requirements for an ER of at least 240 g / min (or even 300 g / min or more) and a TC of at least 2.4 W / m*K (or even 2.5 W / m*K or more) . Particularly, IE 1, IE 4, and IE 5 samples each demonstrated an even higher ER (e.g., greater than 300 g / min) .
[0088] Table 2
[0089] Note: In Table 2 and Table 3 below:
[0090] “Wt%filler” refers to wt%of total thermally conductive fillers relative to the total weight of all components in the sample.
[0091] “SiH / Vi ratio” refers to molar ratio of SiH functionality from the crosslinker to vinyl functionality.
[0092] “ER” , “TC” , and “Density” were evaluated according to the test methods described above.
[0093] Table 3 contains characterization results for CEs 1 to 8 samples. CEs 1-8 samples, each of which is free of one or more of the claimed TC fillers (C1) , (C2) , and (C3) (e.g., different from IE samples in filler types and / or particle size) and / or outside their claimed concentrations, all failed to achieve at least one of the above TC, density, and ER requirements.
[0094] CE 1 sample that does not have Al2O3 filler with a D50 in a range of 0.1 to 4 μm and CE 3 sample that comprises the claimed TC fillers (C1) , (C2) , and (C3) but outside the claimed concentration ranges both gave ER much lower than 240 g / min.
[0095] CE 2 sample that does not contain Al2O3 filler with a D50 in a range of 0.1 to 4 μm but just a combination of ATH fillers different in D50 and / or concentrations that are outside the claimed ranges of TC fillers (C1) and (C2) failed to meet both of the ER and TC requirements.
[0096] CE 5 sample that does not contain ATH filler having a D50 of 70 to 150 μm but just smaller ATH filler and Al2O3 filler failed to meet the TC and density requirements. CE 6 only using ATH fillers each having a D50 in a range of 1 to 30 μm gave an ER of lower than 240 g / min.
[0097] Samples using TC filler packages with filler types and / or concentrations different from the claimed TC filler combination failed to meet one or more than one of the above three requirements. For example, CE 4 sample provided a density of larger than 2.2 g / cm3 and CEs 7 and 8 sample provided an ER of much lower than 240 g / min.
[0098] Table 3
Claims
1.A curable thermally conductive composition comprising:(A) from 5 to 11 weight-percent of an alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane having a viscosity in a range of 25 to 500 millipascal*seconds as determined by ASTM D445-21 using a glass capillary Cannon-Fenske type viscometer at 25 degrees Celsius, wherein the alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane has an average chemical structure (I) :Ra (3-c) R’cSiO- (R’RaSiO) a- (Ra2SiO) b-SiR’dRa (3-d) (I)where Ra is independently in each occurrence an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, R’ is independently in each occurrence an alkenyl group, subscript a ≥ 0, subscript b > 0, subscript c is 0 or 1, subscript d is 0 or 1, (a+b) is 20 to 200, and (a+c+d) ≥2;(B) a silyl-hydride functional polysiloxane crosslinker that contains at least two silyl-hydride groups per molecule and that is present at a concentration to provide a molar ratio of silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms to alkenyl groups for the composition of 0.3: 1 to 1.5: 1;(C) from 85 to 92 weight-percent of thermally conductive fillers comprising:(C1) from 40 to 55 weight-percent of aluminum hydroxide particles having a D50 in a range of 70 to 150 micrometers,(C2) from 15 to 30 weight-percent of aluminum hydroxide particles having a D50 in a range of 1 to 30 micrometers, and(C3) from 10 to 25 weight-percent of aluminum oxide particles having a D50 in a range of 0.2 to 4 micrometers; and(D) a filler treating agent selected from a trialkoxysilyl diorganopolysiloxane, an alkyl trialkoxysilane, or mixtures thereof; wherein the trialkoxysilyl diorganopolysiloxane has an average chemical structure (IV) :Rc3Si [ORd2Si] g-Y-Si (ORe) 3 (IV)where Rc, Rd, and Re are each independently in each occurrence an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, subscript g has a value of 20 to 130, and Y is O or [OSiRd2] (CH2) n, where subscript n has a value of 3 to 20;where weight-percentages are relative to curable thermally conductive composition weight.2.The curable thermally conductive composition of claim 1, further comprising (E) a platinum-based hydrosilylation reaction catalyst in an amount sufficient to provide 0.5 to 300 ppm of the platinum, by weight based on the weight of the curable thermally conductive composition.3.The curable thermally conductive composition of claim 1 or 2, further comprising (F) a hydrosilylation reaction inhibitor at a concentration of 0.001 to 0.5 weight-percent, based on the weight of the curable thermally conductive composition.4.The curable thermally conductive composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the alkenyl-functional polyorganosiloxane comprises a vinyldimethylsiloxy-terminated polydimethylpolysiloxane having an average chemical structure (II) : Vi (CH3) 2SiO- ( (CH3) 2SiO) b-Si (CH3) 2Vi (II)where Vi represents vinyl and subscript b has a value of 20 to 200.5.The curable thermally conductive composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the filler treating agent comprises, based on the weight of the curable thermally conductive composition, 0.5 to 2.5 weight-percent of the trialkoxysilyl diorganopolysiloxane having the average chemical structure (IV) , where Rd, Re, and two of Rc are all methyl, one Rc is an alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and Y is [OSi (CH3) 2] (CH2) n, where subscript n is in a range of 3 to 6.6.The curable thermally conductive composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the thermally conductive filler (C) comprises, based on the weight of the curable thermally conductive composition,(C1) from 45 to 55 weight-percent of aluminum hydroxide particles having a D50 of from greater than 100 to 130 micrometers,(C2) from 18 to 30 weight-percent of aluminum hydroxide particles having a D50 of 1 to 20 micrometers, and(C3) from 15 to 25 weight-percent of aluminum oxide particles having a D50 of 0.2 to 2 micrometers.7.The curable thermally conductive composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the thermally conductive filler (C) comprises, based on the weight of the curable thermally conductive composition,(C1) from 45 to 55 weight-percent of aluminum hydroxide particles having a D50 of 70 μm to 100 micrometers,(C2) from 15 to 25 weight-percent of aluminum hydroxide particles having a D50 of 1 to 15 micrometers, and(C3) from 10 to 25 weight-percent of aluminum oxide particles having a D50 of 0.2 to less than 1 micrometer.8.The curable thermally conductive composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the thermally conductive filler (C) comprises less than 10 weight-percent of aluminum oxide particles having a D50 of greater than 4 micrometers, based on the weight of the curable thermally conductive composition.9.A process for using the curable thermally conductive composition of any one of claims 1-8, comprising:(i) providing the curable thermally conductive composition,(ii) applying the curable thermally conductive composition on an electronic component, and(iii) curing the curable thermally conductive composition.10.An article comprising the curable thermally conductive composition of any one of claims 1-8 and an electronic component where the curable thermally conductive composition is applied on, wherein the curable thermally conductive composition is in a cured form.