PIGMENT DISPERSIONS WITH HYDROPHOBIC POLYMER

Abstract

PIGMENT DISPERSIONS WITH HYDROPHOBIC POLYMER This disclosure describes pigment dispersions useful as cosmetics and also useful in the manufacture of cosmetics. The pigment dispersions include: (a) a hydrophobic polymer formed as a reaction product of a natural or food-grade oil and a methacrylate or acrylate polymer; (b) one or more solvents capable of dissolving the hydrophobic polymer; and (c) particles of one or more pigments dispersed in the one or more solvents. Methods for making and using the pigment dispersions are also described. Figure for abstract: none

Description

Title of the invention: PIGMENT DISPERSIONS WITH HYDROPHOBIC POLYMER SCOPE OF DISCLOSURE

[0001] This disclosure relates to pigment dispersions, cosmetic compositions comprising pigment dispersions and the processes for manufacturing them. CONTEXT

[0002] Products are often colored with coloring agents, including pigments. Pigments are used in many industries, including the cosmetics industry. A pigment is a substance that imparts color to another substance or material to which it is added. Pigments provide color by selectively absorbing and reflecting certain wavelengths of light. Many pigments, such as inorganic pigments, are generally insoluble in most liquid vehicles, such as organic solvents and water. This poses formulation challenges and limits their use.

[0003] Various cosmetic products, such as loose or pressed powders, foundations, blushes, eyeshadows, and lipsticks, are colored using inorganic pigments dispersed in a carrier. Examples of these inorganic pigments are iron oxides, zinc oxide, talc, titanium dioxide, chromium hydroxide, and chromium oxide. Cosmetic products that include inorganic pigments are formulated as oil-in-water emulsions, water-in-oil emulsions, or anhydrous compositions. Inorganic pigments are often supplied as a dry powder that is incorporated into an acceptable carrier or medium. Incorporating the dry powder often requires considerable time to ensure uniform dispersion of the pigments. Even if the inorganic pigments do disperse uniformly initially, they may clump together or separate into phases over time.Inorganic pigment particles can attract each other and form a colloid or an enlarged pigment clump, particularly when added directly to oil-in-water dispersions.

[0004] Various processes have been used to try to enhance dispersion and prevent agglomeration of pigments. For example, pigment particles can be hydrophobically treated and added directly to a support, including an oil-in-water emulsion. However, a common problem is the lack of consistency and uniformity. Due to their magnetic nature, various Inorganic pigments tend to clump together even after surface treatment. Therefore, high-speed shear mixers are used to keep the pigments uniformly dispersed. Even with such techniques in place, re-agglomeration can still occur in the holding tanks before the finished product is poured into retail packaging. To prevent this, many manufacturers add a second high-speed mixer to the holding tank. However, in some cases, a high-speed mixer over-agitates, whips, or foams the product before it is poured into retail containers. The resulting foam or air bubbles can lead to color changes, discoloration, air pockets, and / or pigment particle clumping in the final product.

[0005] Colloidal stability is a fundamental property of pigment dispersions that determines the resistance of particles to flocculation, aggregation, and sedimentation during preparation, storage, and application. In general, colloidal stability depends on the balance of repulsive and attractive forces that exist between particles as they approach each other in liquid media. If the particles exhibit mutual repulsion and resistance to gravitational forces, the dispersion will typically remain relatively stable. However, if attractive forces prevail, an instability mechanism will eventually occur, such as flocculation, aggregation, flotation, and sedimentation. Consequently, the dispersion becomes unusable.Moreover, colloidal stability determines the essential properties of pigment dispersions such as coloristics, rheological behavior, pigment particle mobility, and particle size distribution.

[0006] Although various strategies have been attempted to disperse and use pigments in cosmetic products, there remains a need for stable pigment dispersions, efficient and simple processes for generating the dispersions, and cosmetic products that incorporate them. DISCLOSURE SUMMARY

[0007] This disclosure relates to pigment dispersions useful for cosmetic and personal care products. The dispersions comprise particles of one or more pigments and a unique hydrophobic polymer, solubilized in a solvent. The inventors have discovered that the unique hydrophobic polymer remarkably reduces agglomeration and enhances the stability, uniformity, and texture of the dispersions. The pigment dispersions are themselves useful as cosmetic products but can also be used as a component or ingredient in other cosmetic products. For example, inorganic pigment dispersions can form an oily phase of an emulsion, i.e., an oil-in-water emulsion, in in which the oil-in-water emulsion functions like the cosmetic product. In any case, pigment dispersions are surprisingly versatile, robust, and easy to manufacture and use.

[0008] Pigment dispersions typically include: a. a hydrophobic polymer formed as a reaction product of a natural or food-grade oil and a methacrylate or acrylate polymer; b. one or more solvents capable of solubilizing the hydrophobic polymer of (a); and c. particles of one or more inorganic pigments dispersed in one or more solvents of (b).

[0009] The average particle size of the pigments is not particularly limited. Different particle sizes often have different visual effects and properties, and therefore different applications may require different particle sizes. Nevertheless, in various embodiments, the average particle size of the pigments is typically less than 15 pm, or from about 100 nm to about 10 pm.

[0010] Pigment dispersions are typically anhydrous or essentially anhydrous. One or more solvents capable of solubilizing the hydrophobic polymer form the support phase of the pigment dispersions. Inorganic pigment dispersions can themselves function as a cosmetic product, for example, a makeup product. Due to their versatility, stability, and ease of use, pigment dispersions can also be used as a component or ingredient in the manufacture of other cosmetic products. For example, the pigment dispersion can form an oil phase of an oil-in-water emulsion, and the oil-in-water emulsion can function as a cosmetic product.

[0011] The hydrophobic polymer is a reaction product of a natural or food-grade oil and an acrylate or methacrylate polymer. According to embodiments of the disclosure, however, the hydrophobic polymer is the reaction product of a natural or food-grade oil and a methacrylate polymer. The natural or food-grade oil may be a drying or semi-drying oil. Non-limiting examples include linseed oil, sunflower oil, tung oil, fish oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, or combinations thereof. The methacrylate polymer may be formed from methacrylate monomers, for example, monomers selected from isobutyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, and combinations thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the polymer hydrophobe is formed from a natural or food-grade oil and an isobutyl methacrylate polymer.

[0012] In various embodiments, the hydrophobic polymer is the reaction product of approximately 50 to approximately 85 parts by weight of natural or food-grade oil and approximately 15 to approximately 50 parts by weight of methacrylate or acrylate polymer. More specifically, the hydrophobic polymer may be the reaction product of approximately 72 to approximately 77 parts by weight of natural or food-grade oil and approximately 23 to approximately 28 parts by weight of a methacrylate polymer. For example, the hydrophobic polymer may be the reaction product of linseed oil and poly(isobutyl methacrylate) in a suitable solvent, such as, for example, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate. Preferably, the reaction product is formed from approximately 72 to approximately 77% linseed oil and approximately 23 to approximately 28% isobutyl methacrylate polymer in a suitable solvent, such as 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate.

[0013] One or more solvents capable of solubilizing the hydrophobic polymer of (a) may be used. A single solvent may be used, or a combination of solvents may be used, wherein the combination of solvents can solubilize the hydrophobic polymer. In various embodiments, the one or more solvents capable of solubilizing the hydrophobic polymer have a dispersion component (D), a polar component (P), and a hydrogen bonding component (H), and a distance (Ra) per Hansen solubility parameter less than or equal to 13.4 MPa₀₅, wherein (Ra) is defined by formula (I): [°°14] Ra = + (P - P^ + (H ®

[0015] in which • Dr is 16.8 MPa0'5, • Pi is equal to 4.8 MPa0'5, and • Hi is equal to 13.0 MPa0'5.

[0016] Non-limiting examples of solvents capable of solubilizing the hydrophobic polymer include polycitronellol acetate, caprylic / capric triglyceride, isododecane, isohexadecane, tetradecane, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl alcohol, octyldodecanol, ethanol, phenoxyethanol, castor oil, and mixtures thereof. Polycitronellol acetate is particularly useful. Caprylic / capric triglyceride is also particularly useful. Combinations of solvents are often used.

[0017] Non-limiting examples of inorganic pigments include colored metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal oxide hydrates, silicates, metal sulfides, complex metal cyanides, sulfates Metallic pigments, bronze pigments, colored mica or mica-based pigments coated with at least one metallic oxide and / or a metallic oxychloride, and combinations thereof. One or more inorganic pigments may be surface-modified, for example, hydrophobically surface-modified. However, surface modification is not required. More specific but not limiting examples include unmodified or surface-modified inorganic pigments selected from activated carbon, talc, iron oxides, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silica, cerium oxides, zirconium oxides, aluminum oxides, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, chromium oxides, manganese oxides, bismuth oxychloride, ultramarine blue, calcium sulfate, alkali magnesium silicates, or mixtures thereof.

[0018] Pigment dispersions can themselves form a cosmetic product or can be further processed or incorporated into a cosmetic product. Accordingly, pigment dispersions may optionally include additional ingredients such as one or more film-forming polymers, thickening agents, active ingredients including skin-active ingredients, miscellaneous ingredients, or combinations thereof. In various embodiments, the pigment dispersion is combined with an aqueous phase to form an emulsion, preferably an oil-in-water emulsion. Pigment dispersions and compositions comprising them form cosmetic and personal care compositions. Brief description of the drawings

[0019] An implementation of this technology is described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying figures, in which:

[0020] [Fig.1] Fig.1 shows enlarged photographs (10x) of inventive and comparative dispersions according to the present disclosure.

[0021] [Fig.2] [Fig.2] shows enlarged photographs (lOx) of an inventive dispersion and of a comparative dispersion according to this disclosure.

[0022] It must be understood that the various aspects are not limited to the arrangements and instrumentality shown in the drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0023] This disclosure relates to pigment dispersions that are themselves useful as cosmetic products. Furthermore, pigment dispersions can be combined with additional elements or ingredients to formulate a cosmetic product, including an aqueous phase. Pigment dispersions comprise particles of one or more pigments that disperse stably due in part to the use of a unique hydrophobic polymer. The hydrophobic polymer The unique polymer is solubilized in one or more solvents and carries one or more inorganic pigments, which are dispersed in those solvents. The inventors have discovered, surprisingly, that the unique hydrophobic polymer reduces pigment agglomeration and enhances the stability, uniformity, and texture of the pigment dispersion. Pigment dispersions typically include: a. a hydrophobic polymer formed as a reaction product of a natural or food-grade oil and a methacrylate or acrylate polymer; b. one or more solvents capable of solubilizing the hydrophobic polymer of (a); and c. particles of one or more pigments dispersed in one or more solvents of (b). a. Hydrophobic polymer#

[0024] The hydrophobic polymer is a reaction product of a natural or food-grade oil (oily component) and an acrylate component. In particular, the natural or food-grade oil may be a drying oil, preferably linseed oil. The reaction product may include an isobutyl methacrylate backbone with a plurality of linseed oil side chains. Preferably, the reaction product is a product sold under the MYCELX® brand by MYCELX Technologies Corporation of Gainesville, Georgia. See US Patent No. 5,698,139 for a description of the MYCELX materials.

[0025] The hydrophobic polymer is composed of an oily component and a polymer component, typically reacted in a solvent. In a preferred embodiment, the hydrophobic polymer is a reaction product of linseed oil and poly(isobutyl methacrylate), in a solvent such as 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate.

[0026] The oily component is derived from glycerin and carboxylic acids, such as a fatty acid from linseed, to form monoglycerides, diglycerides, and triglycerides. The oily component is preferably of vegetable or natural origin. Vegetable oils are obtained by cold-pressing the seeds of a plant to extract the oil they contain. Among vegetable oils, drying oils such as linseed and tung oil, semi-drying oils such as soybean and cottonseed oil, and non-drying oils such as coconut oil can be used as the oily component. The oily component typically forms about 72% to 77%, or most preferably 74.62%, of the hydrophobic polymer (e.g., linseed oil / isobutyl methacrylate).

[0027] The polymer component can be derived from α- and β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The polymer component is the resulting product of a monomer that is an ester of acrylic acid, crotonic acid, isocrotonic acid, methacrylic acid, sorbic acid, cinnamic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, and methyl methacrylic acid. Non-limiting examples of useful polymers that cover any number of possible reactions between the esters of these compounds include acrylate polymers, methyl methacrylate polymers, methyl / n-butyl methacrylate polymers, methacrylate copolymers, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, n-butyl / isobutyl methacrylate copolymers, or combinations thereof.

[0028] Preferably, the polymer is poly(isobutyl methacrylate) and the hydrophobic polymer is poly(linseed oil / isobutyl methacrylate). The hydrophobic polymer is a reaction product typically formed in a liquid solvent capable of dissolving or diluting the polymer component and the hydrophobic polymer formed (poly(oil / polymer)). The solvent or diluent should generally comprise any liquid or mixture of liquids capable of dissolving or diluting the polymer component and the hydrophobic polymer formed. The solvent / diluent can regulate the evaporation, the desired flow rate, and the coalescence of the hydrophobic polymer. The solvent can be, for example, an aliphatic hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, alcohols, ketones, ethers, aldehydes, phenols, carboxylic acids, carboxylates, synthetic chemicals, and substances of natural origin. Preferably, the solvent is 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate.The hydrophobic polymers according to this disclosure and the processes for making them are described, for example, in US patents Nos. 5,437,793, 5,698,139, 5,837,146, 5,961,823, 6,180,010, 6,475,393 and 6,805,727. The preferred hydrophobic polymer may be designated as a poly(linseed oil / isobutyl methacrylate).

[0029] The amount of hydrophobic polymer in the pigment dispersion will vary but is typically in an amount of about 0.1 to about 30% by weight, relative to the total weight of the pigment dispersion. In other embodiments, the pigment dispersion includes approximately 0.1 to approximately 20% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 15% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 5% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 30% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 20% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 15% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 5% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 30% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 20% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 15% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 5% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 4% by weight, or approximately 0.5 to approximately 3% by weight, relative to the total weight of the pigment dispersion. a. Solvent capable of solubilizing (a)#

[0030] The oily phase of the pigment dispersion includes the hydrophobic polymer of (a) dissolved in one or more solvents capable of solubilizing the hydrophobic polymer. The one or more solvents may include a solvent used in the reaction to form the hydrophobic polymer, for example, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate. The one or more solvents may be a single solvent or a plurality of solvents. For example, in various embodiments, the solvents capable of solubilizing the hydrophobic polymer of (a) have a dispersion component (D), a polar component (P), a hydrogen bonding component (H), and a distance (Ra) less than or equal to 13.4 MPa⁰.⁵ according to the Hansen solubility parameters, in which the distance (Ra) is defined by formula (I): [°°311 Ra = + (P - PJ2 + (H - ®

[0032] in which • Dr is 16.8 MPa0'5, • Pi is equal to 4.8 MPa0'5, and • Hi is equal to 13.0 MPa0'5.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the one or more solvents have a dispersion component (D), a polar component (P), a hydrogen bonding component (H) and a distance (Ra) less than or equal to 9.9 MPa0.5 according to the Hansen solubility parameters, in which the distance (Ra) is defined by formula (I): [°°34] Ra = + (P - Pj)2 + (H - ®

[0035] in which • Di is equal to 16.4 MPa0'5, • Pi equals 5.0 MPa0.5, and • Hi is equal to 11.7 MPa0'5.

[0036] The solvent may be an oil. The term "oil" is intended to refer to a non-aqueous compound, immiscible with water, liquid at 25 °C and atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg; 1.013 x 10⁵ Pa). The solvent may be a non-silicone oil (for example, an oil that does not contain silicon atoms and, in particular, does not contain Si-O groups). Non-limiting examples of one or more solvents include caprylic / capric triglyceride, isopropyl myristate, polycitronellol acetate, and combinations thereof. The solvent may include acetone. The solvent may include oleic acid. The solvent may include an oleic acid containing oil (such as a vegetable oil). Table 1 below shows the values ​​of D, P, and H, as well as Ra, for the permissible and preferred ranges for several solvents.

[0037] [Tables 1] Table 1 Solvent (b) DPH Ra (Permissible Range) Ra (Preferred Range) Ethanol 15.8 8.8 19.4 7.81 8.67 Octyldodecanol 16.1 2.2 7.4 6.33 5.17 Isopropyl Myristate 15.9 2.1 2.8 10.70 9.41 Isopropyl Alcohol 15.8 6.1 6.4 7.02 5.54 Phenoxyethanol 17.8 5.7 14.3 2.55 3.88 CCTG 18.22 5.39 14.74 3.38 4.76 Castor Oil 15.9 4.6 12 2.07 1.12 Polycitronellol Acetate 16.4 3 4.2 9.02 7.76 Acetone 15.5 10.4 7 8.61 7.38 Oleic acid 16 2.8 6.2 7.27 5.98

[0038] In some embodiments, if oleic acid is used, at least some of the oleic acid may be supplied by a vegetable oil. The vegetable oil may be a seed or nut oil. The vegetable oil may have an oleic acid content of at least 20% by weight of the vegetable oil. The vegetable oil may include sunflower oil, soybean oil, macadamia nut oil, and / or avocado oil. In some embodiments, the composition may include macadamia nut oil and may be free from, or substantially free from, other vegetable oils.

[0039] For the purposes of this disclosure, one or more solvents capable of solubilizing the hydrophobic polymer of (a) may not individually solubilize the hydrophobic polymer, but when combined with other solvents, the combination solubilizes the hydrophobic polymer. Thus, when reference is made to a total quantity of one or more solvents capable of solubilizing the hydrophobic polymer of (a), the inclusion of all solvents that solubilize the hydrophobic polymer of (a) in combination is intended, even if one or more solvents in the combination do not individually solubilize the hydrophobic polymer of (a).

[0040] Non-limiting examples of solvents useful for solubilizing the hydrophobic polymer of (a), individually or in combination with other solvents, include polycitronellol acetate, caprylic / capric triglyceride, isododecane, Isohexadecane, tetradecane, isopropyl myristate, octyldodecanol, ethanol, phenoxyethanol, castor oil, and mixtures thereof. In a preferred embodiment, at least one or more solvents capable of solubilizing the hydrophobic polymer are selected from caprylic / capric triglyceride, polycitronellol acetate, isododecane, and mixtures thereof. In another preferred embodiment, at least one or more solvents capable of solubilizing the hydrophobic polymer are polycitronellol acetate, caprylic / capric triglyceride, or a combination thereof.

[0041] Non-limiting solvents which, individually or in combination with other solvents, are useful for solubilizing the hydrophobic polymer of (a) include dioctylcyclohexane, mineral oil, isocetyl palmitate, cyclopentasiloxane, dicaprylyl carbonate, octyl isostearate, trimethylhexyl isononanoate, 2-ethylhexyl isononanoate, dicaprylyl ether, dihexyl carbonate, polydecene, octyl cocoate, isodecyl neopentanoate, isohexyl decanoate, isodecyl octanoate, dihexyl ether, isododecane, 3,5,5-trimethyl isodecyl hexanoate, oleyl erucate, Passiflora incamata oil, jojoba oil, octyl palmitate, macadamia nut oil, isopropyl stearate, rapeseed oil, hexyl decanol, isotridecyl 3,5,5-trimethylhexanonanoate, polycitronellol acetate, mixed decanoyl and octanoyl glycerides, 2-ethylhexanoic acid 3,5,5-trimethyl ester,cetostearyl octanoate, dimethicone, isopropyl palmitate, octyldodecanol, dioctyl adipate, isopropyl myristate, octyl palmitate (2-ethylhexyl palmitate), octyldodecyl myristate, butyloctanoic acid, isopropyl stearate, caprylic / capric triglyceride, isopropyl isostearate, jojoba oil, cyclomethicone, peanut oil, almond oil, sunflower oil, decyl oleate, avocado oil, olive oil, dibutyl adipate, castor oil, calendula oil, wheat germ oil, decyl oleate, oil avocado, calendula oil, propylene glycol monoisostearate, cocoglycerides, butylene glycol caprylate / caprate, alkyl Cl2-15 benzoate, caprylic / capric diglyceryl succinate, caprylic / capric triglyceride, cetearyl isononanoate, cetearyl octanoate, cetyl dimethicone, coco caprylate / caprate, cocoglycerides,di-C12-13 alkyl tartrate, dibutyl adipate, dicapryl carbonate, dicapryl ether, hexyl decanol, hydrogenated polyisobutene, isoeicosane, isohexadecane, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate, octyl cocoate, octyl isostearate, octyl octanoate, octyl palmitate, octyl stearate, octyl dodecanol, octyldodecyl myristate, isopropyl stearate, pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate, phenyl trimethicone, polydecene, dicaprylate / dicaprate of, propylene glycol, stearyl heptanoate, tricapryline, tridecyl stearate, tridecyl trimellitate, triisostearine, or combinations thereof.

[0042] The total amount of one or more solvents capable of solubilizing the hydrophobic polymer of (a) in the pigment dispersion will vary and depend on the amounts of other components of the dispersion, for example, the amount of pigment. Nevertheless, the total amount of one or more solvents capable of solubilizing the hydrophobic polymer can be from about 10% by weight to about 90% by weight, relative to the total amount of the dispersion. In other embodiments, the total quantity of one or more solvents capable of solubilizing the hydrophobic polymer is approximately 10 to approximately 80% by weight, approximately 10 to approximately 70% by weight, approximately 10 to approximately 60% by weight, approximately 10 to approximately 50% by weight, approximately 20 to approximately 90% by weight, approximately 20 to approximately 80% by weight, approximately 20 to approximately 70% by weight, approximately 20 to approximately 60% by weight, approximately 20 to approximately 50% by weight, approximately 30 to approximately 90% by weight,from approximately 30 to approximately 80% by weight, from approximately 30 to approximately 70% by weight, from approximately 30 to approximately 60% by weight, from approximately 30 to approximately 50% by weight, from approximately 40 to approximately 90% by weight, from approximately 40 to approximately 80% by weight, from approximately 40 to approximately 70% by weight, from approximately 40 to approximately 60% by weight, from approximately 50 to approximately 90% by weight, from approximately 50 to approximately 80% by weight, from approximately 50 to approximately 60% by weight, from approximately 60 to approximately 90% by weight, from approximately 60 to approximately 80% by weight, from approximately 70 to approximately 90% by weight, from approximately 70 to approximately 80% by weight, relative to the total weight of the dispersion of pigments.

[0043] In other embodiments, when the amount of pigment is low, the total amount of one or more solvents capable of solubilizing the hydrophobic polymer may be greater, for example, by about 70 to about 99% by weight, compared to the total weight of the pigment dispersion. In this respect, the total amount of one or more solvents capable of solubilizing the hydrophobic polymer may be about 75 to about 99% by weight, about 80 to about 99% by weight, about 85 to about 99% by weight, about 70 to about 95% by weight, about 75 to about 95% by weight, about 80 to about 95% by weight, about 85 to about 95% by weight, about 70 to about 90% by weight, about 75 to about 90% by weight, about 80 to 90% by weight, compared to the total amount of the pigment dispersion. a. Pigments#

[0044] As used here, the term "pigment" includes both organic and inorganic pigments. Pigments differ from dyes in their lack of solubility, particularly in water. Pigments are insoluble in most media, especially inorganic pigments. Dyes, on the other hand, are generally Water-soluble. Organic pigments are synthetic, carbon-based materials often derived from petrochemicals. They are generally unstable at high temperatures and have partial solubility in strong solvents, but do not dissolve in water. Inorganic pigments (sometimes called "mineral pigments") include metallic salts, oxides, and minerals, some natural and some synthetic, which are generally stable at high temperatures and do not dissolve in solvents. Due to their stable chemical structures, most inorganic pigments have better weather resistance, dispersibility, and opacity than organic pigments; however, they typically have lower chromaticity and tinting strength.Organic pigments tend to be more vibrant and have a wider color range, while inorganic pigments are more muted and natural.

[0045] Any number of pigments of any number of primary or secondary colors, or black or white, for example, may be used. By way of specific examples, the pigment may be of any color, including, by way of example, cyan pigment, magenta pigment, yellow pigment, black pigment, violet pigment, green pigment, brown pigment, orange pigment, purple pigment, white pigment, or combinations thereof. Inorganic pigments

[0046] The inorganic pigment may optionally be surface-modified, for example, hydrophobically surface-modified, but surface modification is certainly not necessary. Non-limiting examples of inorganic pigments include, but are not limited to, metal oxides, metal borates, metal sulfates, metal sulfides, metal chromates, metal carbonates, metal selenides, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, suitable inorganic pigments may include, for example, titanium(IV) oxide, iron(III) oxide, zinc oxide, or combinations thereof. Other inorganic pigments that may optionally be surface-modified include, but are not limited to, pigments that have been approved by the FDA. These may be suitable for cosmetic applications.Acceptable inorganic pigments that can be used in cosmetics are listed in 21 CFR §§70-82.

[0047] In one embodiment, one or more inorganic pigments may be selected from colored metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal oxide hydrates, silicates, metal sulfides, complex metal cyanides, metal sulfates, bronze pigments, colored mica or mica-based pigments coated with at least one metal oxide and / or of a metal oxychloride, or combinations thereof. In addition, one or more inorganic pigments may be selected from titanium dioxide, carbon black, black titanium oxide, yellow iron oxide, black iron oxide, red iron oxide, ultramarine blue, iron blue, chromium oxide, chromium hydroxide, carmine, and shikonin, or combinations thereof. In other embodiments, the inorganic pigment may be selected from activated carbon, talc, iron oxides, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silica, cerium oxides, zirconium oxides, aluminum oxides, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, chromium oxides, manganese oxides, bismuth oxychloride, ultramarine blue, calcium sulfate, alkali magnesium silicates, or mixtures thereof.Similarly, one or more inorganic pigments may be chosen from titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, iron oxides, chromium oxide, chromium hydroxide, ultramarine blue, ferric blue, mica, mica coated with titanium dioxide, mica coated with titanium dioxide and metal oxides, bismuth oxide chloride, coated bismuth oxide chloride, metallic powder in the form of flakes of aluminum, brass, bronze, copper, silver, gold, and mixtures thereof.

[0048] Carbon black is an example of a useful inorganic pigment. More specific but not limiting examples of carbon black pigments include those manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Japan (such as, for example, Carbon Black No. 2300, No. 900, MCF88, No. 33, No. 40, No. 45, No. 52, MA7, MA8, MA 100 and No. 2200B); various carbon black pigments in the RAVEN® range manufactured by Columbian Chemicals Company, Marietta, Ga. (such as, for example, RAVEN® 5750, RAVEN® 5250, RAVEN® 5000, RAVEN® 3500, RAVEN® 1255 and RAVEN® 700); various carbon black pigments from the REGAL® range, the BLACK PEARLS® range, the MOGUL® range or the MONARCH® range manufactured by Cabot Corporation, Boston, Mass., (such as, for example, REGAL® 400R, REGAL® 330R, REGAL® 660R, BLACK PEARLS® 700, BLACK PEARLS® 800, BLACK PEARLS ® 880, BLACK PEARLS® 1100, BLACK PEARLS® 4350, BLACK PEARLS® 4750, MOGUL® E, MOGUL® L and ELFTEX® 410); and various black pigments manufactured by Evonik Degussa Orion Corporation, Parsippany, NJ, (such as, for example, Color Black FW1, Color Black FW2, Color Black FW2V, Color Black FW18, Color Black FW200, Color Black S150, Color Black S160, Color Black S170, PRINTEX® 35, PRINTEX® U, PRINTEX® V, PRINTEX® 140U, Special Black 5, Special Black 4A and Special Black 4). An example of an organic black pigment includes aniline black, such as CI Pigment Black 1.

[0049] Non-limiting examples of suitable inorganic pigments are commercially available under the trade names Rona®, Colorona®, Xirona®, Dichrona® and Timiron® from Merck, Ariabel® and Unipure® from Sensient, Prestige® from Eckart Cosmetic Colors and Sunshine® from Sunstar. Useful color pigments under the trade name Colorona® include, for example: • Colorona Copper, Merck, MICA, CI 77491 (IRON OXIDES), • Colorona Passion Orange, Merck, Mica, CI 77491 (iron oxides), alumina, • Colorona Patina Silver, Merck, MICA, CI 77499 (IRON OXIDES), CI 77891 (TITANIUM DIOXIDE), • Colorona RY, Merck, CI 77891 (TITANIUM DIOXIDE), MICA, CI 75470 (CARMINE), • Colorona Oriental Beige, Merck, MICA, CI 77891 (TITANIUM DIOXIDE), CI 77491 (IRON OXIDES), • Colorona Dark Blue, Merck, MICA, TITANIUM DIOXIDE, FERRIC FERROCYANIDE, • Colorona Chameleon, Merck, CI 77491 (IRON OXIDES), MICA, • Colorona Aborigine Amber, Merck, MICA, CI 77499 (IRON OXIDES), CI 77891 (TITANIUM DIOXIDE), • Colorona Blackstar Blue, Merck, CI 77499 (IRON OXIDES), MICA, • Colorona Patagonian Purple, Merck, MICA, CI 77491 (OXIDES OF IRON), CI 77891 (TITANIUM DIOXIDE), CI 77510 (FERRIC FERROCYANIDE), • Colorona Red Brown, Merck, MICA, CI 77491 (IRON OXIDES), CI 77891 (TITANIUM DIOXIDE), • Colorona Russet, Merck, CI 77491 (Titanium Dioxide), Mica, CI 77891 (Iron Oxides), • Colorona Imperial RED, Merck, MICA, TITANIUM DIOXIDE (CI 77891), D&C RED NO. 30 (CI 73360), • Colorona Majestic Green, Merck, CI 77891 (DIOXIDE (TITANIUM), MICA, CI 77288 (CHROMIUM OXIDE GREEN), • Colorona Light Blue, Merck, MICA, TITANIUM DIOXIDE (CI 77891), FERRIC FERROCYANIDE (CI 77510), • Colorona Red Gold, Merck, MICA, CI 77891 (TITANIUM DIOXIDE), CI 77491 (IRON OXIDES), • Colorona Gold Plus MP 25, Merck, MICA, TITANIUM DIOXIDE (CI 77891), IRON OXIDES (CI 77491), • Colorona Carmine Red, Merck, MICA, TITANIUM DIOXIDE, CARMINE, • Colorona Blackstar Green, Merck, MICA, CI 77499 (IRON OXIDES), • Colorona Bordeaux, Merck, MICA, CI 77491 (IRON OXIDES), • Colorona Bronze, Merck, MICA, CI 77491 (IRON OXIDES), • Colorona Bronze Fine, Merck, MICA, CI 77491 (IRON OXIDES), • Colorona Fine Gold MP 20, Merck, MICA, CI 77891 (TITANIUM DIOXIDE) • CI 77491 (IRON OXIDES) • Colorona Sienna Fine, Merck, CI 77491 (IRON OXIDES), MICA • Colorona Sienna, Merck, MICA, CI 77491 (IRON OXIDES) • Colorona Precious Gold, Merck, Mica, CI 77891 (titanium dioxide), Silica, CI 77491 (iron oxides), tin oxide, • Colorona Sun Gold Sparkle MP 29, Merck, MICA, TITANIUM DIOXIDE, IRON OXIDES, MICA, CI 77891, CI 77491 (EU), • Colorona Mica Black, Merck, CI 77499 (iron oxides), Mica, CI 77891 (titanium dioxide) • Colorona Bright Gold, Merck, Mica, CI 77891 (titanium dioxide), CI 77491 (iron oxides) • Colorona Blackstar Gold, Merck, MICA, CI 77499 (IRON OXIDES)

[0050] Other preferred color pigments bearing the trade name Xirona® include, for example: • Xirona Golden Sky, Merck, silica, CI 77891 (titanium dioxide), tin oxide • Xirona Caribbean Blue, Merck, Mica, CI 77891 (titanium dioxide), silica, tin oxide, • Xirona Kiwi Rose, Merck, silica, CI 77891 (titanium dioxide), tin oxide, • Xirona Magic Mauve, Merck, silica, CI 77891 (titanium dioxide), tin oxide.

[0051] In addition, preferred color pigments bearing the trade name Unipure® include, for example: • Unipure Red LC 381 EM, Sensient CI 77491 (Iron Oxides), Silica • Unipure Black LC 989 EM, Sensient, CI 77499 (Iron Oxides), Silica • Unipure Yellow LC 182 EM, Sensient, CI 77492 (Iron Oxides), Silica

[0052] The particle size (e.g., volume-weighted average diameter (VW)) of inorganic pigment particles is not limited. In some embodiments, the particle size of inorganic pigments is less than 10 pm, less than 5 pm, less than 2 pm, less than 1 pm, less than 800 nm, less than 500 nm, or less than 300 nm. In various embodiments, the particle size of inorganic pigments is from about 500 nm to about 10 pm, from about 500 nm to about 5 pm, from about 500 nm to about 2 pm, from about 500 nm to about 1 pm, from about 200 nm to about 1 pm, and from about 20 nm to about 800 nm. In other embodiments, the particle size ranges from approximately 30 nm to approximately 500 nm, from approximately 50 nm to approximately 400 nm, or from approximately 100 nm to approximately 300 nm. The variation in particle size in inorganic pigments results in different covering power, attributed to the light scattering effect.This results in smoother transitions between colors and a richer chromatic gradient of pigments.

[0053] Particle size can be determined by laser diffraction spectrometry, for example, using a Bettersizer® 2600, a multi-wavelength particle size distributor from the LS™ series of Beckman Coulter, Inc., or similar equipment. The laser diffraction process allows for accurate and efficient characterization of particle size by analyzing the scattering pattern of laser light.

[0054] The total quantity of one or more inorganic pigments, if present in the pigment dispersion, will vary. However, in various embodiments, the pigment dispersion may include from approximately 5 to approximately 55% by weight of one or more inorganic pigments, relative to the total weight of the pigment dispersion. In other embodiments, the pigment dispersion may include from approximately 5 to approximately 50% by weight, from approximately 5 to approximately 45% by weight, from approximately 5 to approximately 40% by weight, from approximately 5 to approximately 35% by weight, from approximately 5 to approximately 30% by weight, from approximately 5 to approximately 25% by weight, from approximately 5 to approximately 20% by weight, or from approximately 5 to approximately 15% by weight, relative to the total weight of the pigment dispersion.In other embodiments, the pigment dispersion includes approximately 10 to approximately 60% by weight, approximately 10 to approximately 50% by weight, approximately 10 to approximately 40% by weight, approximately 10 to approximately 30% by weight, or approximately 10 to approximately 30% by weight of one or more inorganic pigments, relative to the total weight of the pigment dispersion. In yet another embodiment, the pigment dispersion includes approximately 20 to approximately 60% by weight, approximately 20 to approximately 50% by weight, approximately 20 to approximately 40% by weight, or approximately 20 to approximately 30% by weight of one or more inorganic pigments, relative to the total weight of the pigment dispersion. Organic pigments

[0055] Organic pigments are based on carbon chains and rings. They can be of animal, vegetable, or synthetic origin. Like inorganic pigments, organic pigments are not soluble in water. However, some organic pigments are at least partially soluble in certain strong solvents. Non-limiting examples of organic pigments include nitroso, nitroazo, xanthene, anthraquinone, isoindolinone, quinacridone, perinone, perylene, diketopyrrolopyrrole, indigo, thioindigo, dioxazine, and / or triarylmethane.

[0056] More specific but non-limiting examples of organic pigments include carmine, quinacridone, phthalocyanine blue, sorghum, the blue pigments coded in the Color Index under numbers CI 42090, CI 69800, CI 69825, CI 73000, CI 74100, CI 74160, the yellow pigments coded in the Color Index under numbers CI 11680, CI 11710, CI 15985, CI 19140, CI 20040, CI 21100, CI 21108, CI 47000, CI 47005, the green pigments coded in the Color Index under numbers CI 61565, CI 61570, CI 74260, the orange pigments coded in the Color Index under the numbers CI 11725, CI 15510, CI 45370, CI 71105, the red pigments codified in the Color Index under the numbers CI 12085, CI 12120, CI 12370, CI 12420, CI 12490, CI 14700, CI 15525, CI 15580, CI 15620, CI 15630, CI 15800, CI 15850, CI 15865, CI 15880, CI 17200, CI 26100, CI 45380, CI 45410, CI 58000, CI 73360, CI 73915, CI 75470, and mixtures thereof.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, one or more organic pigments may be selected from carmine, quinacridone, phthalocyanine blue, sorghum, the blue pigments coded in the Color Index under numbers CI 42090, CI 69800, CI 69825, CI 73000, CI 74100, CI 74160, the yellow pigments coded in the Color Index under numbers CI 11680, CI 11710, CI 15985, CI 19140, CI 20040, CI 21100, CI 21108, CI 47000, CI 47005, the green pigments coded in the Color Index under numbers CI 61565, CI 61570, CI 74260, the orange pigments coded in the Color Index under the numbers CI 11725, CI 15510, CI 45370, CI 71105, the red pigments coded in the Color Index under the numbers CI 12085, CI 12120, CI 12370, CI 12420, CI 12490, CI 14700, CI 15525, CI 15580, CI 15620, CI 15630, CI 15800, CI 15850, CI 15865, CI 15880, CI 17200, CI 26100, CI 45380, CI 45410, CI 58000, CI 73360, CI 73915, CI 75470, or their mixtures.

[0058] Des exemples non limitatifs de pigments organiques bleus ou cyan incluent C.I. Pigment Blue 1, C.I. Pigment Blue 2, C.I. Pigment Blue 3, C.I. Pigment Blue 15, Pigment Blue 15:3, C.I. Pigment Blue 15:4, C.I. Pigment Blue 16, C.I. Pigment Blue 18, C.I. Pigment Blue 22, C.I. Pigment Blue 25, C.I. Pigment Blue 60, C.I. Pigment Blue 65, C.I. Pigment Bine 66, C.I. Vat Bine 4, C.I. Vat Bine 60, ou leurs combinaisons.

[0059] Des exemples non limitatifs de pigments organiques magenta, rouges ou violets incluent C.I. Pigment Red 1, C.I. Pigment Red 2, C.I. Pigment Red 3, C.I. Pigment Red 4, C.I. Pigment Red 5, C.I. Pigment Red 6, C.I. Pigment Red 7, C.I. Pigment Red 8, C.I. Pigment Red 9, C.I. Pigment Red 10, C.I. Pigment Red 11, C.I. Pigment Red 12, C.I. Pigment Red 14, C.I. Pigment Red 15, C.I. Pigment Red 16, C.I. Pigment Red 17, C.I. Pigment Red 18, C.I. Pigment Red 19, C.I. Pigment Red 21, C.I. Pigment Red 22, C.I. Pigment Red 23, C.I. Pigment Red 30, C.I. Pigment Red 31, C.I. Pigment Red 32, C.I. Pigment Red 37, C.I. Pigment Red 38, C.I. Pigment Red 40, C.I. Pigment Red 41, C.I. Pigment Red 42, C.I. Pigment Red 48(Ca), C.I. Pigment Red 48(Mn), C.I. Pigment Red 57(Ca), C.I. Pigment Red 57:1, C.I. Pigment Red 88, C.I. Pigment Red 112, C.I. Pigment Red 114, C.I. Pigment Red 122, C.I. Pigment Red 123, C.I. Pigment Red 144, C.I. Pigment Red 146, C.I. Pigment Red 149, C.I. Pigment Red 150, C.I.Pigment Red 166, CI Pigment Red 168, CI Pigment Red 170, CI Pigment Red 171, CI Pigment Red 175, CI Pigment Red 176, CI Pigment Red 177, CI Pigment Red 178, CI Pigment Red 179, CI Pigment Red 184, CI Pigment Red 185, CI Pigment Red 187, CI Pigment Red 202, CI Pigment Red 209, CI Pigment Red 219, CI Pigment Red 224, CI Pigment Red 245, CI Pigment Red 286, CI Pigment Violet 19, CI Pigment Violet 23, CI Pigment Violet 32, CI Pigment Violet 33, CI Pigment Violet 36, CI Pigment Violet 38, CI Pigment Violet 43, CI Pigment Violet 50, or combinations thereof. Any quinacridone pigment or a cocrystal of quinacridone pigments can be used.

[0060] Des exemples non limitatifs de pigments organiques jaunes incluent C.I. Pigment Yellow 1, C.I. Pigment Yellow 2, C.I. Pigment Yellow 3, C.I. Pigment Yellow 4, C.I. Pigment Yellow 5, C.I. Pigment Yellow 6, C.I. Pigment Yellow 7, C.I. Pigment Yellow 10, C.I. Pigment Yellow 11, C.I. Pigment Yellow 12, C.I. Pigment Yellow 13, C.I. Pigment Yellow 14, C.I. Pigment Yellow 16, C.I. Pigment Yellow 17, C.I. Pigment Yellow 24, C.I. Pigment Yellow 34, C.I. Pigment Yellow 35, C.I. Pigment Yellow 37, C.I. Pigment Yellow 53, C.I. Pigment Yellow 55, C.I. Pigment Yellow 65, C.I. Pigment Yellow 73, C.I. Pigment Yellow 74, C.I. Pigment Yellow 75, C.I. Pigment Yellow 77, C.I. Pigment Yellow 81, C.I. Pigment Yellow 83, C.I. Pigment Yellow 93, C.I. Pigment Yellow 94, C.I. Pigment Yellow 95, C.I. Pigment Yellow 97, C.I. Pigment Yellow 98, C.I. Pigment Yellow 99, C.I. Pigment Yellow 108, C.I. Pigment Yellow 109, C.I. Pigment Yellow 110, C.I. Pigment Yellow 113, C.I. Pigment Yellow 114, C.I.Pigment Yellow 117, C.I. Pigment Yellow 120, C.I. Pigment Yellow 122, C.I. Pigment Yellow 124, C.I. Pigment Yellow 128, C.I. Pigment Yellow 129, C.I. Pigment Yellow 133, C.I. Pigment Yellow 138, C.I. Pigment Yellow 139, C.I. . Pigment Yellow 147, C.I. Pigment Yellow 151, C.I. Pigment Yellow 153, C.I. Pigment Yellow 154, C.I. Pigment Yellow 155, C.I. Pigment Yellow 167, C.I. Pigment Yellow 172, C.I. Pigment Yellow 180, C.I. Pigment Yellow 185 et C.I. Pigment Yellow 213, ou leurs combinaisons.

[0061] Des exemples non limitatifs de pigments organiques verts incluent C.I. Pigment Green 1, C.I. Pigment Green 2, C.I. Pigment Green 4, C.I. Pigment Green 7, C.I. Pigment Green 8, C.I. Pigment Green 10, C.I. Pigment Green 36 et C.I. Pigment Green 45.

[0062] Non-limiting examples of organic brown pigments include CI Pigment Brown 1, CI Pigment Brown 5, CI Pigment Brown 22, CI Pigment Brown 23, CI Pigment Brown 25, CI Pigment Brown 41 and CI Pigment Brown 42, or combinations thereof.

[0063] Non-limiting examples of organic orange pigments include CI Pigment Orange 1, CI Pigment Orange 2, CI Pigment Orange 5, CI Pigment Orange 7, CI Pigment Orange 13, CI Pigment Orange 15, CI Pigment Orange 16, CI Pigment Orange 17, CI Pigment Orange 19, CI Pigment Orange 24, CI Pigment Orange 34, CI Pigment Orange 36, CI Pigment Orange 38, CI Pigment Orange 40, CI Pigment Orange 43, CI Pigment Orange 66, or combinations thereof.

[0064] In certain embodiments, the dispersion may optionally include one or more organic pigments selected from carmine, quinacridone, phthalocyanine blue, sorghum, the blue pigments coded in the Color Index under numbers CI 42090, CI 69800, CI 69825, CI 73000, CI 74100, 74160, the yellow pigments coded in the Color Index under numbers CI 11680, CI 11710, CI 15985, CI 19140, CI 20040, CI 21100, CI 21108, CI 47000, CI 47005, the green pigments coded in the Color Index under numbers CI 61565, CI 61570, CI 74260, the pigments orange pigments coded in the Color Index under the numbers CI 11725, CI 15510, CI 45370, CI 71105, red pigments coded in the Color Index under the numbers CI 12085, CI 12120, CI 12370, CI 12420, CI 12490, CI 14700, CI 15525, CI 15580, CI 15620, CI 15630, CI 15800, CI 15850, CI 15865, CI 15880, CI 17200, CI 26100, CI 45380, CI 45410, CI 58000, CI 73360, CI 73915, CI 75470, or their combinations.

[0065] The particle size (e.g., volume-weighted average diameter (VW)) of organic pigment particles is not limited. In some embodiments, the particle size of organic pigments is less than 15 pm, less than 10 pm, less than 5 pm, less than 2 pm, less than 1 pm, less than 800 nm, less than 500 nm, or less than 300 nm. In various embodiments, the particle size of organic pigments is from about 500 nm to about 15 pm, from about 500 nm to about 10 pm, from about 1 pm to about 10 pm, from about 2 pm to about 10 pm, from about 5 pm to about 15 pm, from about 5 pm to about 10 pm. In some embodiments, it may be preferable to include smaller particles of organic pigments, for example, from about 200 nm to about 1 pm, from about 20 nm to about 800 nm. In other embodiments, the particle size is from about 30 nm to about 500 nm, from about 50 nm to about 400 nm, or from about 100 nm to about 300 nm.

[0066] Particle size can be determined by laser diffraction spectrometry, for example, using a Bettersizer® 2600, a multi-wavelength particle size distributor from the LS™ series of Beckman Coulter, Inc., or similar equipment. The laser diffraction process allows for accurate and efficient characterization of particle size by analyzing the scattering pattern of laser light.

[0067] The total quantity of one or more organic pigments, if present in the pigment dispersion, will vary. However, in various embodiments, the pigment dispersion may include from approximately 5 to approximately 55% by weight of one or more organic pigments, relative to the total weight of the pigment dispersion. In other embodiments, the pigment dispersion may include from approximately 5 to approximately 50% by weight, from approximately 5 to approximately 45% by weight, from approximately 5 to approximately 40% by weight, from approximately 5 to approximately 35% by weight, from approximately 5 to approximately 30% by weight, from approximately 5 to approximately 25% by weight, from approximately 5 to approximately 20% by weight, or from approximately 5 to approximately 15% by weight of one or more organic pigments, relative to the total weight of the pigment dispersion.In other embodiments, the pigment dispersion includes approximately 10 to approximately 60% by weight, approximately 10 to approximately 50% by weight, approximately 10 to approximately 40% by weight, approximately 10 to approximately 30% by weight, or approximately 10 to approximately 30% by weight of one or more organic pigments, relative to the total weight of the pigment dispersion. In yet another embodiment, the pigment dispersion includes approximately 20 to approximately 60% by weight, approximately 20 to approximately 50% by weight, approximately 20 to approximately 40% by weight, or approximately 20 to approximately 30% by weight of one or more organic pigments, relative to the total weight of the pigment dispersion. solid fatty compounds

[0068] Pigment dispersions may optionally include one or more solid fatty compounds. A solid fatty compound has a melting point above 25 °C at atmospheric pressure; that is, it is solid at 25 °C and atmospheric pressure. Although pigment dispersions may include one or more fatty compounds, these fatty compounds are typically not solid when incorporated into the pigment dispersion. The solid fatty compounds are usually dissolved by the other components of the dispersion of pigments, for example, by one or more solvents, preferably one or more oils, capable of dissolving the hydrophobic polymer of (a).

[0069] Non-limiting examples of solid fatty compounds include solid animal and vegetable oils and fats, fully or partially hydrogenated vegetable and animal oils and fats, saturated fatty acids, partially or fully hydrogenated fatty acids, fatty acid esters, saturated, partially hydrogenated or fully hydrogenated monoglycerides, diglycerides and triglycerides, phospholipids, lecithins, partially or fully hydrogenated phospholipids and lecithins, lysolecithins and lysophosphatidylcholine, animal waxes, vegetable waxes, mineral waxes, synthetic waxes, wax esters, saturated and unsaturated fatty alcohols, fatty alcohol ethers / esters; saturated and unsaturated solid hydrocarbons (paraffins); solid silicones and silicone ethers / esters;Polyol ethers / esters: glycerol ethers / esters, sorbitan, sorbitan stearate, glyceryl ricinoleate; polyglycerols and their ethers / esters, hydrophobic gelling agents: silicon dioxide, polyethylenes, or mixtures thereof.

[0070] In various embodiments, one or more of the solid fatty compounds may be a wax, for example, a vegetable wax, an animal wax, a mineral, a synthetic wax and / or a petroleum-derived wax. Non-limiting examples include Pennsylvania wax maker's wax, candelilla wax, carnauba wax, castor wax, esparto grass wax, Japanese wax, ouricury wax, rice bran wax, soy wax, tallow tree wax, beeswax, China wax, lanolin wax (wool wax), shellac wax, spermaceti and mixtures thereof, paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, ceresin wax, montan wax, ozocerite wax, polyethylene wax, peat wax.

[0071] In other embodiments, one or more of the solid fatty compounds may be a resin, for example, a vegetable and / or animal resin and / or a petroleum-derived resin and / or a synthetic resin. Non-limiting examples include asphaltite, Utah resin (petroleum bitumen), shellac, copals, dammars, mastic, sandarac, frankincense, elemi, turpentine, copaiba, gum resins, Aleppo pine resin, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, and silicone resins.

[0072] Solid fatty alcohols include those represented by: R-OH, where R denotes a linear alkyl group, optionally substituted by one or more hydroxyl groups, comprising from 8 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 10 to 30 carbon atoms, more preferably 12 to 24 carbon atoms, and even more preferably 14 to 22 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples include cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof. Preference for cetyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof.

[0073] Non-limiting examples of solid fatty acids include decanoic acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, or behenic acid. Solid fatty alcohols can be unsaturated linear 1-alkanols with at least 12 carbon atoms. Examples of solid fatty alcohols are lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, or mixtures thereof.

[0074] In some embodiments, one or more solid fatty compounds are selected from waxes, fatty alcohols, solid fatty acids, or combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples include candelilla wax, carnauba wax, castor wax, beeswax, lanolin wax, ozokerite wax, microcrystalline wax, sunflower wax, tribehenin, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, lanolin alcohol, or mixtures thereof.

[0075] The total amount of one or more solid fatty compounds in the pigment dispersions, if any, will vary. However, the pigment dispersions may optionally include from about 0.01 to about 20% by weight of one or more solid fatty compounds, relative to the total weight of the pigment dispersion. In other embodiments, the pigment dispersions include from about 0.01 to about 15% by weight, from about 0.01 to about 10% by weight, from about 0.01 to about 5% by weight, and from about 0.01 to about 3% by weight of one or more solid fatty compounds, relative to the total weight of the pigment dispersions.In other embodiments, the pigment dispersions include approximately 0.1 to approximately 20% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 15% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 5% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 20% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 15% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 5% by weight, approximately 2 to approximately 20% by weight, approximately 2 to approximately 15% by weight, approximately 2 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 2 to approximately 5% by weight, approximately 5 to approximately 20% by weight, approximately 5 to approximately 15% by weight, or approximately 5 to approximately 10% by weight of one or more solid fatty compounds, relative to the total weight of the pigment dispersion. Oil thickening agents

[0076] The pigment dispersions may optionally include one or more oil-thickening agents. An "oil-thickening agent" means a material that, when combined with the pigment dispersion, causes the pigment dispersion to thicken. Non-limiting examples of oil-thickening agents include polymers, gums, organic clays, polyethylenes, silica, or combinations thereof. More specific but non-limiting examples include Acrylate copolymer, hectorite gel, guar gum, cellulose gum, Caesalpinia spinosa gum, gum arabic, starch, silica, silica dimethyl silylate, behenate, glyceryl dibehenate, behenyl behenate, or mixtures thereof. In various embodiments, alcohol polyacrylates may be useful, for example, C10-30 alkyl polyacrylate. Oil thickening agents may be selected from semi-crystalline or crystalline polymers and / or semi-crystalline or crystalline waxes.

[0077] In one embodiment, one or more oil thickening agents are selected from polymeric and inorganic thickening agents. In another embodiment, at least one polymeric thickening agent may be an amorphous polymer formed by polymerization of an olefin. In another embodiment, the olefin may be an ethylenically unsaturated elastomer monomer. Examples of olefins include, but are not limited to, ethylenic carbide monomers, for example, those comprising one or two ethylenic unsaturations, comprising from 2 to 5 carbon atoms, such as ethylene, propylene, butadiene, or isoprene.

[0078] In various embodiments, the oil thickening agents may be polycondensation products of the polyamide type resulting from the condensation between (a) at least one acid selected from dicarboxylic acids comprising at least 32 carbon atoms, such as dimeric fatty acids and (b) alkylenediamines, such as ethylenediamine, wherein the polymeric polyamide comprises at least one terminal carboxylic acid group esterified or amidated with at least one monoalcohol, a monoamine comprising 12 to 30 linear and saturated carbon atoms, for example ethylenediamine / stearyl dilinoleate copolymers such as those marketed under the name Uniclear 100 VG® by Arizona Chemical.

[0079] The oil thickening agent may be selected from inorganic oil thickening agents, such as organophilic clay or at least one pyrogenic silica. As used here, "organophilic clays" refer to clays modified with chemical compounds that enable the clay to swell in oily media. Clays are products already well known in themselves, which are described, for example, in the book "Minéralogie des argiles" (Mineralogy of Clays), by S. Caillère, S. Hénin, and M. Rautureau, 2nd edition, 1982, Masson. In one embodiment, the at least one clay is a silicate comprising a cation that may be selected from calcium, magnesium, aluminum, sodium, potassium, and lithium cations.Examples of such clays include, but are not limited to, clays of the smectite family such as montmorillonites, hectorites, bentonites, beidellites, saponites, and clays of the vermiculite family, stevensite and chlorites. These clays can be of natural or synthetic origin.

[0080] The total quantity of one or more oil-based thickening agents, if any, will vary. However, in various embodiments, pigment dispersions may include from approximately 0.1 to approximately 10% by weight of one or more oil-based thickening agents, relative to the total weight of the pigment dispersion. In other embodiments, the pigment dispersions may contain approximately 0.1 to approximately 8% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 5% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 3% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 8% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 5% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 3% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 8% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 5% by weight, or approximately 1 to approximately 3% by weight of one or more oil-based thickening agents, relative to the total weight of the pigment dispersion. Lipophilic film-forming polymers

[0081] The term “film-forming polymer” refers to a polymer capable of forming, alone or in the presence of an auxiliary film-forming agent, a macroscopically continuous film that adheres to keratin fibers, and preferably a cohesive film. Examples of film-forming polymers include synthetic radical or polycondensate polymers, naturally occurring polymers, and mixtures thereof.

[0082] Non-limiting examples of lipophilic film-forming polymers include polyalkylenes, and in particular C2-C2o alkene copolymers, such as polybutene, alkylcelluloses with a linear or branched C8 to C1 alkyl radical, saturated or unsaturated, such as ethylcellulose and propylcellulose, vinylpyrrolidone (VP) copolymers and in particular vinylpyrrolidone and C2 to C40 alkene copolymers and even better C3 to C2o. Examples of VP copolymers include VP / vinyl acetate, VP / ethyl methacrylate, butylated polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), VP / ethyl methacrylate / methacrylic acid, VP / eicosene, VP / hexadecene, VP / tricontene, VP / styrene and VP / acrylic acid / lauryl methacrylate.

[0083] In various embodiments, the pigment dispersion may include one or more lipophilic film-forming polymers selected from (i) MQ type silicone resins, (ii) silsesquioxane resins, (iii) vinyl polymers grafted with a carbosiloxane dendrimer, (iv) polyalkylsiloxanes and polyarylsiloxanes, or (v) mixtures thereof.

[0084] In addition, in some cases, the lipophilic film-forming polymer can be chosen from vinyl ester polymers and copolymers, vinylpyrrolidone copolymers, or mixtures thereof.

[0085] The total quantity of one or more lipophilic film-forming polymers, if any, will vary. However, in some embodiments, the dispersions of Pigments may include from about 0.1 to about 10% by weight of one or more lipophilic film-forming polymers, relative to the total weight of the pigment dispersion. In other embodiments, pigment dispersions include from about 0.1 to about 8% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 3% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 10% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 8% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 3% by weight, from about 1 to about 10% by weight, from about 1 to about 8% by weight, from about 1 to about 5% by weight, or from about 1 to about 3% by weight of one or more lipophilic film-forming polymers, relative to the total weight of the pigment dispersion. Various ingredients

[0086] The pigment dispersions optionally include one or more miscellaneous ingredients. Miscellaneous ingredients are ingredients that are compatible with the pigment dispersions and do not disrupt or materially affect the fundamental and innovative properties of the pigment dispersions. Non-limiting examples of ingredients include preservatives, perfumes, pH adjusters, chelating agents, buffers, antioxidants, flavonoids, vitamins, botanical extracts, UV filtering agents, proteins, protein hydrolysates and / or isolates, fillers (e.g., organic and / or inorganic fillers such as talc, calcium carbonate, silica, etc.), compositional colorants, etc. In various embodiments, the miscellaneous ingredients are selected from preservatives, perfumes, pH adjusters, salts, chelating agents, buffers, compositional colorants, and mixtures thereof.In the context of this disclosure, a "composition colorant" is a compound that colors the composition but does not have a noticeable coloring effect on hair. In other words, the composition colorant is included to give the composition color for aesthetic purposes but is not intended to impart coloring properties to hair. Hair gels, for example, may come in a variety of different colors (e.g., light blue, light pink, etc.), but applying the hair gel to the hair does not visibly change the hair color.

[0087] The total quantity of one or more miscellaneous ingredients in the pigment dispersions, if any, will vary. Nevertheless, in various embodiments, the pigment dispersions include from approximately 0.1 to approximately 15% by weight of one or more miscellaneous ingredients, relative to the total weight of the pigment dispersion. In other embodiments, the pigment dispersions include from approximately 0.1 to approximately 12% by weight, from approximately 0.1 to approximately 10% by weight, from approximately 0.1 to approximately 5% by weight, from approximately 0.5 to approximately 15% by weight, from approximately 0.5 to approximately 12% by weight, from approximately 0.5 to approximately 10% by weight, from approximately 0.5 to approximately 8% by weight, from approximately 0.5 to approximately 5% by weight, from approximately 1 to approximately 15% by weight, from approximately 1 to approximately 12% by weight, from approximately 1 to approximately 10% by weight, from approximately 1 to approximately 8% by weight, from approximately 1 to approximately 5% by weight, from approximately 2 to approximately 15% by weight, from approximately 2 to approximately 12% by weight, from approximately 2 to approximately 10% by weight, from approximately 2 to approximately 8% by weight, or from approximately 2 to approximately 5% by weight of one or more miscellaneous ingredients, relative to the total weight of the pigment dispersion. Oil-in-water emulsions

[0088] As noted above, pigment dispersions can be used to generate oil-in-water emulsions. A variety of cosmetic and personal care products are preferably formulated as oil-in-water emulsions. Pigment dispersions can serve as the oil phase of such oil-in-water emulsions. The amount of oil phase (the pigment dispersion) and the amount of aqueous phase can vary depending on the required properties and the form and function of the oil-in-water emulsion. Nevertheless, the oil phase (the pigment dispersion) and the aqueous phase are typically in a weight ratio of approximately 1:5 to approximately 5:1 (oil phase:aqueous phase).More preferably, however, the weight ratio between the oily phase and the aqueous phase is approximately 1:5 to approximately 1:2, approximately 1:5 to approximately 1:1, approximately 1:3 to approximately 1:1, or approximately 1:2 to approximately 1:1 (oily phase : aqueous phase).

[0089] More specifically, the oily phase (pigment dispersion) can constitute approximately 5 to approximately 65% ​​by weight of an oil-in-water emulsion. In other embodiments, the oily phase constitutes approximately 5 to approximately 60% by weight, approximately 5 to approximately 50% by weight, approximately 5 to approximately 45% by weight, approximately 5 to approximately 40% by weight, approximately 5 to approximately 35% by weight, approximately 5 to approximately 25% by weight, approximately 5 to approximately 20% by weight, approximately 10 to approximately 65% ​​by weight, approximately 10 to approximately 60% by weight, approximately 10 to approximately 50% by weight, approximately 10 to approximately 40% by weight, approximately 10 to approximately 30% by weight, approximately 10 to approximately 25% by weight, approximately 25 to approximately 60% by weight, approximately 25 to approximately 50% by weight, approximately 25 to approximately 40% by weight, of about 30 to about 65% by weight, of about 30 to about 60% by weight, or of about 30 to about 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the oil-in-water emulsion.

[0090] The aqueous phase may constitute approximately 40 to approximately 95% by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion. In other embodiments, the aqueous phase constitutes approximately 40 to approximately 90% by weight, approximately 40 to approximately 80% by weight, approximately 40 to approximately 70% by weight, approximately 50 to approximately 95% by weight, approximately 50 to approximately 90% by weight, approximately 50 to approximately 80% by weight, approximately 50 to approximately 70% by weight, from about 60 to about 95% by weight, from about 60 to about 90% by weight, or from about 60 to about 80% by weight of the oil-in-water emulsion. Water

[0091] Water is typically a major component of the aqueous phase. Therefore, the aqueous phase can include large quantities of water, for example, from about 50 to about 100% by weight, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase. In various embodiments, however, the aqueous phase includes approximately 50 to approximately 99% by weight, approximately 50 to approximately 95% by weight, approximately 50 to approximately 90% by weight, approximately 50 to approximately 80% by weight, approximately 50 to approximately 70% by weight, approximately 60 to approximately 99% by weight, approximately 60 to approximately 95% by weight, approximately 60 to approximately 90% by weight, approximately 60 to approximately 80% by weight, approximately 70 to approximately 99% by weight, approximately 70 to approximately 95% by weight, approximately 70 to approximately 90% by weight, approximately 70 to approximately 80% by weight of water. Water-soluble solvents

[0092] The aqueous phase may optionally include one or more water-soluble solvents. The term "water-soluble solvent" is interchangeable with "water-soluble organic solvent" and "water-miscible solvent" and refers to a compound that is liquid at 25 °C and atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg), and that has a solubility of at least 50% in water under these conditions. In some cases, water-soluble solvents have a solubility of at least 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%. Non-limiting examples of water-soluble solvents include, for example, organic solvents selected from glycerin, monoalcohols (e.g., C2.8, C2.4 alcohols), polyols (polyhydric alcohols), glycols, and mixtures thereof.

[0093] Non-limiting examples of water-soluble organic solvents. Non-limiting examples of water-soluble organic solvents include, for example, organic solvents selected from alcohols (for example, C26 or C24 alcohols), polyols (polyhydric alcohols), glycols, and mixtures thereof. Non-limiting examples of monoalcohols and polyols include ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol and phenylethyl alcohol, or glycols or glycol ethers such as, for example, monomethyl, monoethyl and monobutyl ethers of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or their ethers such as, for example, monomethyl ether of propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and alkyl ethers of diethylene glycol, for example, monoethyl ether or monobutyl ether of diethylene glycol.Other suitable examples of organic solvents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, and propane diol.

[0094] Other non-limiting examples of water-soluble organic solvents include alkanediols (polyhydric alcohols) such as 1,2,6-hexanetriol, trimethylolpropane, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 2-butene-1,4-diol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, (caprylyl glycol), 1,2-hexanediol, 1,2-pentanediol and 4-methyl-1,2-pentanediol; alkyl alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as ethanol, methanol, butanol, propanol and isopropanol;glycol ethers such as monomethyl ethylene glycol ether, monoethyl ethylene glycol ether, monobutyl ethylene glycol ether, monomethyl ethylene glycol ether acetate, monomethyl diethylene glycol ether, monoethyl diethylene glycol ether, mono-n-propyl diethylene glycol ether, mono-isopropyl ethylene glycol ether, mono-isopropyl diethylene glycol ether, mono-n-butyl ethylene glycol ether, mono-t-butyl ethylene glycol ether, mono-t-butyl diethylene glycol ether, 1-methyl-1-methoxybutanol, monomethyl propylene glycol ether, monoethyl propylene glycol ether, mono-t-butyl propylene glycol ether, mono-n-propyl propylene glycol ether, mono-isopropyl propylene glycol ether, monomethyl dipropylene glycol ether, monoethyl dipropylene glycol ether, mono-n-propyl dipropylene glycol ether and mono-isopropyl dipropylene glycol ether;2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, formamide, acetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, sorbit, sorbitan, acetin, diacetinate, triacetin, sulfolane and mixtures thereof.

[0095] Polyhydric alcohols are useful. Examples of polyhydric alcohols include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 3-methyl-1,3-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, tetraethylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, polyethylene glycol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, and mixtures thereof. Polyol compounds may also be used. Non-limiting examples include aliphatic diols, such as 2-ethyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-butanediol, 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol, 2,4-dimethyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol, 5-hexene-1,2-diol and 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, and any mixture thereof.In a preferred embodiment, the composition includes one or more glycols selected from propylene glycol, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol, caprylyl glycol, dipropylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.

[0096] The total amount of one or more water-soluble solvents in the aqueous phase, if any, will vary. Nevertheless, the aqueous phase may include from about 0.1 to about 30% by weight of one or more water-soluble solvents, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase. In other embodiments, the phase aqueous includes approximately 0.1 to approximately 20% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 15% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 5% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 30% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 30% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 15% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 5% by weight, approximately 2 to approximately 30% by weight, approximately 2 to approximately 20% by weight, approximately 2 to approximately 15% by weight, approximately 2 to approximately 10% by weight, or approximately 2 to approximately 8% by weight of one or more water-soluble solvents, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase. Water-soluble dyes

[0097] The aqueous phase may include one or more water-soluble dyes. Comme leur nom l’indique, les teintures solubles dans l’eau sont des teintures qui sont solubilisées par la phase aqueuse. Des exemples non limitatifs de teintures solubles dans l’eau incluent Red No. 2 (Acid Red 27 : C. I. 16185), Red No. 3 (Acid Red 51 : C. I. 45430), Red No. 102 (Acid Red 18 : C. I. 16255), Red No. 104 (1) (Acid Red 92 : C.I. 45410), Red No. 105 (1) (Acid Red 94 : C.I. 45440), Red No. 106 (Acid Red 52 : C.I. 45100), Red No. 227 (Acid Red 33 : C.I. 17200), Red No. 230 (1) et Red No. 230 (2) (les deux Acid Red 87 : C.I. 45380), Red No. 231 (Acid Red 92 : C.I. 45410), Red No. 232 (Acid Red 94 : C.I. 45440), Yellow No. 4 (Acid Yellow 23 : C.I. 19140), Yellow No. 5 (Food Yellow 3 : C.I. 15985), Yellow No. 202 (1) et Yellow No. 202 (2) (les deux Acid Yellow 73 : C.I. 45350), Yellow No. 203 (Acid Yellow 3 : C.I. 47005), Green No. 3 (Food Green : C.I. 42053), Green No. 201 (Acid Green 25 : C.I. 61570), Green No. 204 (Solvent Green 7 : C.I. 59040), Green No.205 (Acid Green 5 : C.I. 42095), Blue No. 1 (Food Blue 2 : C.I. 42090), Blue No. 2 (Acid Blue 74 : C.I. 73015), Blue No. 202 (Acid Blue 5 : C.I. 42052), Blue No. 205 (Acid Blue 9 : C.I. 42090), Orange No. 205 (Orange acide 7 : C.I. 15510), Orange No. 207 (Acid Red 95 : C.I. 45425), et Brown No. 201 (Orange acide 24 : C.I. 20170) ; Red No. 201 (Pigment Red 57-1 : C.I. 15850), Red No. 202 (Pigment Red 57 : C.I. 15850), Red No. 203 (Pigment Red 53 : C.I. 15585), Red No. 204 (Pigment Red 53 (Ba) : C.I. 15585), Red No. 205 (Pigment Red 49 (Na) : C.I. 15630), Red No. 206 (Pigment Red 49 (Ca) : C.I. 15630), Red No. 207 (Pigment Red 49 (Ba) : C.I. 15630), Red No. 208 (Pigment Red 49 (Sr) : C.I. 15630), Red No. 215 (Solvent Red 49 : C.I. 45170), Red No. 218 (Solvent Red 48 : C.I. 45410), Red No. 219 (Pigment Red 64 : C.I. 15800), Red No. 220 (Pigment Red 63 (Ca) : C.I. 15880), Red No. 221 (Pigment Red 3 : C.I. 12120), Red No. 223 (Solvent Red 43 : C.I. 45380), Red No. 225 (Solvent Red 23 : C.I.26100), Red No. 226 (Vat Red 1 : C.I. 73360), Yellow No. 201 (Acid Yellow 73 : C.I. 45350), Yellow No. 204 (Solvent Yellow 33 : C.I. 47000), Yellow No. 205 (Pigment Yellow 12 : C.I. 21090), Green No. 202 (Solvent Green 3 : C.I. 61565), Blue No. 201 (Vat Blue 1 : C.I. 73000), Blue No. 204 (Vat Blue 6 : C.I. 69825), Blue No. 404 (Pigment Blue 15 : . C.I. 74160), Orange No. 201 (Solvent Red 72 : C.I. 45370), Orange No. 203 (Pigment Orange 5 : C.I. 12075), Orange No. 204 (Pigment Orange 13 : C.I. 21110), Orange No. 206 (Solvent Red 73 : C.I. 45425), Orange No. 401 (Pigment Orange 1 : C.I. 11725), Orange No. 402 (Acid Orange 20 : C.I. 14600), Orange No. 403 (Solvent Orange No. 2 : C.I. 12100, noir No. 401 (Acid Black 1 : C.I. 20470), et Violet 201 (Solvent Violet 13 : C.I. 60725), ou leurs mélanges.

[0098] The total amount of water-soluble dyes will vary but can be from about 0.01 to about 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase. In other embodiments, the aqueous phase includes from about 0.1 to about 10% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 8% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 3% by weight, or from about 0.1 to about 2% by weight, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase. Surfactants

[0099] Surfactants are commonly used in the manufacture of emulsions and can preferably be included in the oil-in-water emulsions of this disclosure. For the purposes of this disclosure, the term "surfactant" includes emulsifiers and detergents. Surfactants are compounds that decrease the surface tension between two liquids or between a liquid and a solid. Surfactants are amphiphilic, meaning they contain hydrophilic (water-loving) head groups and hydrophobic (water-hating, oil-loving) tails. Surfactants adsorb at the oil-water interface, thereby reducing the surface tension.

[0100] For the purposes of this disclosure, an "emulsifier" is a surfactant that stabilizes emulsions. Emulsifiers coat the droplets of an emulsion and prevent them from clumping together or coalescing. An "emulsion" is a mixture of two or more liquids, with or without an emulsifier, that are normally immiscible. One of the liquids, the "dispersed phase," forms droplets in the other liquid, the "continuous phase."

[0101] A “detergent” is a surfactant which has cleaning properties in dilute solutions and is typically anionic.

[0102] Surfactants may be anionic, cationic, amphoteric (zwitterionic), or nonionic. Preferably, the emulsions of the present case include one or more surfactants selected from anionic surfactants, amphoteric (zwitterionic) surfactants, nonionic surfactants, or mixtures thereof. In various embodiments, the emulsions are preferably free or substantially free of cationic surfactants. In other embodiments, the emulsions include one or more cationic surfactants. In preferred embodiments, the emulsions contain one or more biosurfactants, one or more surfactants anionic, optionally, one or more non-ionic surfactants, or mixtures thereof.

[0103] In a preferred embodiment, the emulsions of this disclosure include a plurality of surfactants, wherein the plurality of surfactants includes one or more biosurfactants and one or more surfactants other than one or more biosurfactants. In other embodiments, the emulsions of this disclosure include one or more biosurfactants, one or more anionic surfactants, and optionally, one or more nonionic surfactants. In still other embodiments, the emulsions include one or more cationic surfactants.

[0104] The total amount of one or more surfactants will vary but can be from about 0.5 to about 20% by weight, relative to the total amount of the aqueous phase. In other embodiments, the total quantity of one or more surfactants in the aqueous phase is approximately 0.5 to approximately 15% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 12% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 8% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 6% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 20% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 15% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 12% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 8% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 6% by weight, approximately 2 to approximately 20% by weight, approximately 2 to approximately 15% by weight, approximately 2 to approximately 12% by weight, approximately 2 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 2 to approximately 8% by weight, approximately 2 to approximately 6 % by weight, from approximately 3 to approximately 20% by weight, from approximately 3 to approximately 15% by weight, from approximately 3 to approximately 12% by weight,from approximately 3 to approximately 10% by weight, from approximately 3 to approximately 8% by weight, from approximately 3 to approximately 6% by weight, from approximately 4 to approximately 20% by weight, from approximately 4 to approximately 15% by weight, from approximately 4 to approximately 12% by weight, from approximately 4 to approximately 10% by weight, from approximately 4 to approximately 8% by weight, or from approximately 4 to approximately 6% by weight, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase. Biosurfactant,

[0105] The emulsions of this disclosure may optionally include one or more biosurfactants. Biosurfactants are amphiphilic molecules, for example glycolipids (e.g., sophorolipids, rhamnolipids, cellobiose lipids, mannosylerythritol lipids and trehalose lipids), lipopeptides (e.g., surfactin, urine, fengycin, arthrofactin and lichenysin), flavolipids, phospholipids (e.g., cardiolipins), fatty acid ester compounds, fatty acid ether compounds and high molecular weight polymers such as lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharide-protein complexes, and polysaccharide-protein-fatty acid complexes.

[0106] Biosurfactants are environmentally friendly, biodegradable and non-toxic and can be classified as high molecular weight biosurfactants Low molecular weight biosurfactants effectively decrease surface and interfacial tension, while high molecular weight biosurfactants are more effective as emulsion stabilizers. Examples of low molecular weight biosurfactants include glycolipids, such as rhamnolipids, sophorolipids, lipopeptides, and trehalolipids. These low molecular weight biosurfactants have hydrophilic heads composed of sugar motifs linked by glycosidic bonds to hydrophobic, nonpolar portions. Examples of high molecular weight biosurfactants include polysaccharides, lipopolysaccharides, proteins, and lipoproteins. A polysaccharide-based biosurfactant can be classified into sorbitan esters, sucrose esters, and glucose-based surfactants, which include alkylpolyglycosides and fatty acid glucamides.

[0107] Non-limiting examples of biosurfactants include lipopeptides such as surfactin; fatty acids and phospholipids, polymer matrix biosurfactants; particulate biosurfactants; and bacterial biosurfactants composed of polysaccharides, proteins, lipopolysaccharides, lipoproteins or complex mixtures of these biopolymers.

[0108] Non-limiting examples of commercially available biosurfactants include alkylpolyglycoside available under the brand name EcoSense® 3000 from Dow Chemical®; D-glucopranose oligomeric decyl octyl glycosides available under the brand name Glucopon® 215 from BASF Corporation®; rhamnolipids available under the brand name REWOFERM® SL ONE from Evonik®; D-Glucitol derivatives, 1-deoxy-l-(methylamino)-, N-coco acyl available under the brand name GlucoTain® from Clariant®; rhamnolipids from Jeneil Biotech® and BioLoop® surfactants from Lankem® Ltd.

[0109] In one embodiment, the microbial biosurfactant is a glycolipid such as rhamnolipids (RLP), sophorolipids (SLP), trehalose lipid, or mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL). The biosurfactants may be added in purified form or may be present in the microbial composition due to microbial growth. The biosurfactant may be a sophorolipid. In some embodiments, the biosurfactant may also be a lipopeptide, such as surfactin, and / or a rhamnolipid.

[0110] In some embodiments, a mixture of biosurfactants is present. Preferably, the mixture comprises a rhamnolipid, and optionally one or both of a mannosylerythritol lipid, a surfactin, or a sophorolipid. In a preferred embodiment, the microbe is a non-pathogenic strain of Pseudomonas. Preferably, the strain is a producer of rhamnolipid biosurfactants (RLP).

[0111] Other microbial strains, including, for example, other fungal strains capable of accumulating significant amounts of, for example, glycolipid biosurfactants, may be used in accordance with the present invention. The biosurfactants useful according to the present invention include a mannoprotein, a beta-glucan, and other metabolites that exhibit bioemulsifying and surface / interfacial tension-reducing properties.

[0112] In various embodiments, one or more biosurfactants are selected from surfactin, iturine, fengycin, lichenysin, serrawettin, phospholipids, rhamnolipid, sophorolipid, trehalolipid, mannosylerythritol lipids, cellobiolipids, lipoproteins, rubiwettins, trehalose, ornithine, pentasaccharide lipids, viscosine, bacitracin, lipopeptides, and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the biosurfactants are selected from one or more glycolipids such as, for example, rhamnolipids, rhamnose-d-phospholipids, trehalose lipids, trehalose dimycolates, trehalose monomycolates, mannosylerythritol lipids, cellobiose lipids, ustilagic acid and / or sophorolipids.

[0113] In various embodiments, the biosurfactant has anionic character, for example, sophorolipids, trehalolipids, and rhamnolipids. Mono-rhamnolipids and di-rhamnolipids are preferred. The preferred alkyl chain length is from C8 to C12. The alkyl chain may be saturated or unsaturated.

[0114] The term “rhamnolipids” includes compounds of general formula (II) and their salts,

[0115] in which, • mRL = 2, 1 or 0, • nRL = 1 or 0, • R1rl and R2rl = are independently organic residues having 2 to 24, preferably 5 to 13 carbon atoms, in particular alkyl residues optionally branched, optionally substituted, in particular hydroxy-substituted, optionally unsaturated, in particular optionally mono-, bi- or tri-unsaturated, preferably those selected from the group consisting of pentenyl, heptenyl, nonenyl, undecenyl and tridecenyl and (CH2)O-CH where o = 1 to 23, preferably 4 to 12. • If nRL = 1, the glycosidic bond between the two rhamnose motifs is preferably in the a configuration. The optically active carbon atoms of the fatty acids are preferably present as R enantiomers (e.g., I-3-{I-3-[2-O-(aL-rhamnopyranosyl)-aL-rhamnopyranosyl]o xydecanoyl}oxydecanoate).

[0116] The term "di-rhamnolipid" in the context of the present invention means compounds of general formula (II) or their salts, where nRL=l.

[0117] The term "monorhamnolipid" in the context of the present invention means compounds of general formula (II) or their salts, where nRL=0.

[0118] The distinct rhamnolipids are abbreviated according to the following nomenclature: "diRL-CXCY" means the di-rhamnolipids of the general formula (II), in which one of the residues R1rl and R2rl=(CH2)o—CH3 where o=X-4 and the remaining residue R1 or R2=(CH2)O —CH3 where o=Y-4.

[0119] “monoRL-CXCY” means mono-rhamnolipids of general formula (II), in which one of the residues R1rl and R2RL=(CH.sub.2).sub.o—CH.sub.3 where o=X-4 and the remaining residue R1rl or R2rl=(CH2)o—CH3 where o=Y-4. The nomenclature used therefore does not distinguish between “CXCY” and “CYCX”.

[0120] For rhamnolipids where mRL=0, monoRL-CX or diRL-CX is used accordingly.

[0121] If one of the aforementioned indices X and / or Y is provided with ":Z", this means that the respective residue R1rl and / or R2rl is equal to an unbranched, unsubstituted hydrocarbon residue having X-3 or Y-3 carbon atoms having Z double bonds.

[0122] Suitable methods for preparing rhamnolipids are disclosed, for example, in EP2786743 and EP2787065. Rhamnolipids can also be produced by fermentation of Pseudomonas, in particular Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are preferably non-genetically modified cells, a technology already disclosed in the 1980s, as documented, for example, in EP0282942 and DE4127908. Rhamnolipids produced in cells Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells that have been enhanced to increase rhamnolipid titers by genetic modification can also be used in the context of the present invention; such cells have, for example, been disclosed by Lei et al. in Biotechnol Lett. June 2020; 42(6):997-1002. Biosurfactants, particularly glycolipid surfactants, can be produced, for example, as in EP 0 499 434, US patent no. 7 985 722, WO 03 / 006146, JP 60 183032, DE 19648439, DE 19600743, JP 01 304034, CN 1337439, JP 2006 274233, KR 2004033376, JP 2006 083238, JP 2006 070231, WO 03 / 002700, FR 2740779, DE 2939519, US patent no. 7 556 654, FR 2855752, EP 1445302, JP 2008 062179 and JP 2007 181789.

[0123] Rhamnolipids produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are commercially available from Jeneil Biotech Inc., for example under the trade name Zonix®, from Logos Technologies (technology acquired by Stepan), for example under the trade name NatSurFact®, from Biotensidon GmbH, for example under the trade name Rhapynal®, from AGAE® Technologies, for example under the names R90, R95, R95Md, R95Dd, from Locus Bio-Energy Solutions and from Shanghai Yusheng Industry Co. Ltd., for example under the trade name Bio-201 Glycolipids®.

[0124] The total amount of one or more biosurfactants in the emulsions, if any, will vary but is typically from about 0.1 to about 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase. In other embodiments, the total amount of one or more biosurfactants in the emulsions is from about 0.1 to about 15% by weight, from about 0.1 to about 10% by weight, or from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase. In another embodiment, the total amount of one or more biosurfactants is from about 0.5 to about 20% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 15% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 10% by weight, or from about 0.5 to about 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase.In yet another embodiment, the total quantity of one or more biosurfactants is about 1 to about 20% by weight, about 1 to about 15% by weight, about 1 to about 10% by weight, or about 1 to about 5% by weight, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase. In a preferred embodiment, the total amount of one or more biosurfactants is approximately 2 to approximately 20% by weight, approximately 2 to approximately 15% by weight, approximately 2 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 2 to approximately 5% by weight, approximately 3 to approximately 20% by weight, approximately 3 to approximately 15% by weight, approximately 3 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 3 to approximately 5% by weight, approximately 2 to approximately 8% by weight, approximately 2 to approximately 6% by weight, approximately 3 to approximately 8% by weight, or approximately 3 to approximately 6% by weight, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase. Anionic surfactants

[0125] In various embodiments, the emulsions of this disclosure include one or more anionic surfactants. Common popular anionic surfactants include sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium laureth ether sulfate, which may be included. The one or more anionic surfactants, if applicable, may also be non-sulfate anionic surfactants. Useful non-sulfate anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl sulfoacetates, acyl isethionates, alkoxylated monoacids, acyl amino acids such as acyl taurates, acyl glycinates, acyl glutamates, acyl sarcosinates, their salts, and mixtures thereof. In some cases, however, acyl taurates are preferred and, consequently, one or more non-sulfate anionic surfactants include at least one acyl taurate.In other cases, acyl isethionates are preferred and, consequently, one or more non-sulfate anionic surfactants include at least one acyl isethionate.

[0126] In other cases, a combination of acyl taurates and acyl isethionates may be used. Thus, the emulsions may include two or more non-sulfate anionic surfactants comprising anionic surfactants selected from acyl taurates, acyl isethionates, or combinations thereof.

[0127] The total amount of one or more anionic surfactants in the emulsions of this disclosure, if any, will vary, but may be from about 0.01 to about 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase.In other embodiments, the emulsions include approximately 0.01 to approximately 8% by weight, approximately 0.01 to approximately 6% by weight, approximately 0.01 to approximately 5% by weight, approximately 0.01 to approximately 3% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 8% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 6% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 5% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 3% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 8% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 6% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 5% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 3% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 1 to about 8% by weight, about 1 to about 6% by weight, about 1 to about 5% by weight, or about 1 to about 3% by weight of one or more anionic surfactants, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase. Amphoteric surfactants

[0128] The emulsions of this disclosure may optionally include one or more amphoteric surfactants. Non-limiting examples of amphoteric surfactants include betaines, alkyl amphoathetas and alkyl amphodiacetates, alkyl sultaines, alkyl amphopropionates, and combinations thereof.

[0129] The total amount of one or more amphoteric surfactants in the emulsions will vary but is typically about 0.01 to about 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase.In other embodiments, the emulsions include approximately 0.01 to approximately 8% by weight, approximately 0.01 to approximately 6% by weight, approximately 0.01 to approximately 5% by weight, approximately 0.01 to approximately 3% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 8% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 6% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 5% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 3% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 8% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 6% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 5% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 3% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 1 to about 8% by weight, about 6% by weight, about 1 to about 5% by weight, or about 1 to about 3% by weight of one or more amphoteric surfactants, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase. Non-ionic surfactants

[0130] In various embodiments, the emulsions include one or more nonionic surfactants. In various embodiments, at least one of the surfactants in the emulsions is a nonionic surfactant, in particular a nonionic surfactant that offers good emulsifying properties. Non-limiting examples of useful nonionic surfactants include alkoxylated fatty alcohols, alkoxylated polyol esters, alkoxylated glycerides, glucosides, alkanolamides, sorbitan derivatives, or combinations thereof.

[0131] The total amount of one or more non-ionic surfactants in the emulsions can be from about 0.01 to about 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase.In other embodiments, the emulsions include approximately 0.01 to approximately 8% by weight, approximately 0.01 to approximately 6% by weight, approximately 0.01 to approximately 5% by weight, approximately 0.01 to approximately 3% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 8% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 6% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 5% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 3% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 8% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 6% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 5% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 3% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 1 to about 8% by weight, about 1 to about 6% by weight, about 1 to about 5% by weight, or about 1 to about 3% by weight of one or more nonionic surfactants, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase. Cationic surfactants

[0132] Emulsions may optionally include one or more cationic surfactants. The term "cationic surfactant" as used in this Disclosure is a surfactant that can be positively charged when contained in emulsions as described herein. The cationic surfactant may carry one or more permanent positive charges or may contain one or more functional groups that are cationizable in the compositions.

[0133] Non-limiting examples of cationic surfactants include cetrimonium chloride, stearimonium chloride, behentrimonium chloride, behentrimonium methosulfate, behenamidopropyltrimonium methosulfate, stearamidopropyltrimonium chloride, arachidtrimonium chloride, distearyldimonium chloride, dicetyldimonium chloride, tricetylmonium chloride, oleamidopropyl dimethylamine, linoleamidopropyl dimethylamine, isostearamidopropyl dimethylamine, oleyl hydroxyethyl imidazoline, stearamidopropyldimethylamine, behenamidopropyldimethylamine, behenamidopropyldiethylamine, behenamidoethyldiethylamine, behenamidoethyldimethylamine, arachidamidopropyldimethylamine, arachidamidopropyldiethylamine, arachidamidoethyldiethylamine, arachidamidoethyldimethylamine, brassicamidopropyldimethylamine, lauramidopropyldimethylamine, myristamidopropyldimethylamine, dilinoleamidopropyldimethylamine, palmitamidopropyldimethylamine, and mixtures thereof.

[0134] One or more cationic surfactants may be selected from quaternary ammonium compounds, fatty dialkylamines, or mixtures thereof.

[0135] Non-limiting examples of quaternary ammonium compounds include cetrimonium chloride, steartrimonium chloride, behentrimonium chloride, behentrimonium methosulfate, behenamidopropyltrimonium methosulfate, stearamidopropyltrimonium chloride, arachidtrimonium chloride, distearyldimonium chloride, dicetyldimonium chloride, tricetylmonium chloride, and their combinations.

[0136] Non-limiting examples of fatty dialkylamines include oleamidopropyl dimethylamine, linoleamidopropyl dimethylamine, isostearamidopropyl dimethylamine, oleyl hydroxyethyl imidazoline, stearamidopropyl dimethylamine, behenamidopropyl dimethylamine, behenamidopropyl diethylamine, behenamidoethyl diethylamine, behenamidoethyl dimethylamine, arachidamidopropyl dimethylamine, arachidamidopropyl diethylamine, arachidamidoethyl diethylamine, brassicamidopropyl dimethylamine, lauramidopropyl dimethylamine, myristamidopropyl dimethylamine, dilinoleamidopropyl dimethylamine, palmitamidopropyl dimethylamine, their salts, and combinations thereof.

[0137] In various embodiments, the one or more cationic surfactants are preferably chosen from cetrimonium chloride, chloride of behentrimonium, behentrimonium methosulfate, stearamidopropyl dimethylamine, brassicamidopropyl dimethylamine or a mixture thereof.

[0138] The total amount of one or more cationic surfactants, if any, will vary but may be in an amount of about 0.01 to about 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase.In other embodiments, the emulsions include approximately 0.01 to approximately 8% by weight, approximately 0.01 to approximately 6% by weight, approximately 0.01 to approximately 5% by weight, approximately 0.01 to approximately 3% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 8% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 6% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 5% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 3% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 8% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 6% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 5% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 3% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 1 to about 8% by weight, about 1 to about 6% by weight, about 1 to about 5% by weight, or about 1 to about 3% by weight of one or more cationic surfactants, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase. Various ingredients

[0139] The anhydrous phase optionally includes one or more miscellaneous ingredients. Miscellaneous ingredients are ingredients that are compatible with the aqueous phase (and the emulsion) and that do not disrupt or materially affect the fundamental and innovative properties of the aqueous phase (and the emulsion). Non-limiting examples of miscellaneous ingredients include preservatives, perfumes, pH adjusters, chelating agents, buffers, antioxidants, flavonoids, vitamins, botanical extracts, UV filtering agents, proteins, protein hydrolysates and / or isolates, fillers (e.g., organic and / or inorganic fillers such as talc, calcium carbonate, silica, etc.), compositional colorants, etc.In various embodiments, the various ingredients are selected from among preservatives, perfumes, pH adjusters, salts, chelating agents, buffers, composition colorants, and mixtures thereof. For the purposes of this disclosure, a "composition colorant" is a compound that colors the composition but does not have an appreciable coloring effect on hair. In other words, the composition colorant is included to give the composition color for aesthetic purposes but is not intended to impart coloring properties to the hair. Hair gels, for example, may be found in a variety of different colors (e.g., light blue, light pink, etc.), but applying the hair gel to the hair does not visibly change the hair color.

[0140] The total quantity of one or more miscellaneous ingredients in the aqueous phase, if any, will vary. Nevertheless, the aqueous phase may include from approximately 0.1 to approximately 15% by weight of one or more miscellaneous ingredients, relative to the total weight of the second aqueous phase. In other embodiments, the aqueous phase includes approximately 0.1 to approximately 12% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 0.1 to approximately 5% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 15% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 12% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 8% by weight, approximately 0.5 to approximately 5% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 15% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 12% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 10% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 8% by weight, approximately 1 to approximately 5% by weight, approximately 2 to approximately 15% by weight, approximately 2 to approximately 12% by weight, approximately 2 to approximately 10% by weight. weight, approximately 2 to approximately 8% by weight, or approximately 2 to approximately 5% by weight of one or more miscellaneous ingredients, relative to the total weight of the aqueous phase. Droplet size

[0141] In various embodiments, the average droplet size of the oil phase in the emulsions forming the emulsions is approximately 10 nm to approximately 2 pm, approximately 10 nm to approximately 1.5 pm, approximately 10 nm to approximately 1 pm, approximately 10 nm to approximately 800 nm, approximately 10 nm to approximately 600 nm, approximately 10 nm to approximately 500 nm, approximately 10 nm to approximately 250 nm, approximately 50 nm to approximately 2 pm, approximately 50 nm to approximately 1.5 pm, approximately 50 nm to approximately 1 pm, approximately 50 nm to approximately 800 nm, approximately 50 nm to approximately 600 nm, approximately 50 nm to approximately 500 nm, from about 50 nm to about 250 nm, from about 100 nm to about 2 pm, from about 100 nm to about 1.5 pm, from about 100 nm to about 1 pm, from about 100 nm to about 800 nm, from about 100 nm to about 600 nm, from about 100 nm to about 500 nm, from about 100 nm to about 300 nm, from about 150 nm to about 500 nm, from about 150 nm to about 400 nm, from about 200 nm to about 500 nm, or from about 200 nm to about 300 nm.

[0142] Droplet size can be determined using Brookhaven dynamic light scattering (DLS). DLS is a technique used to determine droplet size in a colloidal system or emulsion. When samples are illuminated with a monochromatic laser beam, the particles present in the samples undergo Brownian motion, causing fluctuations in the intensity of the scattered light. The scattered light is then collected at different angles, and the autocorrelation function of these intensity fluctuations is analyzed. The analysis provides information on the scattering rate of the particles, from which the size distribution is deduced using mathematical models.Brookhaven's DLS instruments use advanced algorithms to accurately interpret data, providing insights into the dynamic behavior and size characteristics of particles ranging from a few nanometers to several micrometers in a liquid medium. Methods of implementation

[0143] In a preferred embodiment, the pigment dispersion comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of: approximately 0.1 to approximately 30% by weight, preferably approximately 1 to approximately 20% by weight, more preferably about 5 to about 15% by weight of a hydrophobic polymer formed as a reaction product of a natural or food-grade oil and a methacrylate or acrylate polymer, in which preferably,

[0144] The hydrophobic polymer is a reaction product of: (a)(i) a natural or food-grade oil selected from linseed oil, sunflower oil, tung oil, fish oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, or combinations thereof, preferably linseed oil, and (a)(ii) a polymer derived from monomers selected from isobutyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, and combinations thereof, preferably an isobutyl methacrylate polymer, wherein, even more preferably,

[0145] the hydrophobic polymer is the reaction product of linseed oil and poly(isobutyl methacrylate); approximately 10 to approximately 90% by weight, preferably approximately 25 to approximately 75 % by weight, more preferably about 30 to about 70% by weight of one or more solvents capable of solubilizing the hydrophobic polymer of (a), in which preferably,

[0146] the one or more solvents capable of solubilizing the reaction product of (a) have a dispersion component (D), a polar component (P) and a component of hydrogen bond (H), and a distance (Ra) less than or equal to 13.4 MPa0.5 according to the Hansen solubility parameters, in which the distance (Ra) is defined by formula (I):

[0147]

[0148] Ra - Dj2 + (P - P^ + (H - Hj)2 ® in which • Di equals 16.8 MPa0.5, • Pi is equal to 4.8 MPa0.5, and • Hi is equal to 13.0 MPa0.5, in which more preferably,

[0149] the one or more solvents capable of solubilizing the reaction product of (a) have a dispersion component (D), a polar component (P) and a hydrogen bonding component (H), and a distance (Ra) less than or equal to 9.9 MPa0.5 according to the Hansen solubility parameters, in which the distance (Ra) is defined by formula (I):

[0150]

[0151]

[0152] Ra = - D$ + (P - P^ + (H - ® in which • Di equals 16.4 MPa0.5, • Pi equals 5.0 MPa0.5, and • Hi is 11.7 MPa0.5, wherein, even more preferably, at least one or more solvents capable of dissolving the hydrophobic polymer of (a) are selected from dioctylcyclohexane, mineral oil, isocetyl palmitate, cyclopentasiloxane, dicaprylyl carbonate, octyl isostearate, trimethylhexyl isononanoate, 2-ethylhexyl isononanoate, dicaprylyl ether, dihexyl carbonate, polydecene, octyl cocoate, isodecyl neopentanoate, isohexyl decanoate, isodecyl octanoate, dihexyl ether, isododecane, 3,5,5-trimethyl isodecyl hexanoate, oleyl erucate, oil of Passiflora incamata, jojoba oil, octyl palmitate, macadamia nut oil, isopropyl stearate, rapeseed oil, hexyl decanol, isotridecyl 3,5,5-trimethylhexanonanoate, polycitronellol acetate, mixed decanoyl and octanoyl glycerides, 2-ethylhexanoic acid 3,5,5-trimethyl ester,cetostearyl octanoate, dimethicone, isopropyl palmitate, octyldodecanol, dioctyl adipate, isopropyl myristate, octyl palmitate (2-ethylhexyl palmitate), octyldodecyl myristate, butyloctanoic acid, isopropyl stearate, caprylic / capric triglyceride, isopropyl isostearate, jojoba oil, cyclomethicone, peanut oil, almond oil, sunflower oil, decyl oleate, avocado oil, olive oil, dibutyl adipate, castor oil, calendula oil, wheat germ oil, decyl oleate, oil avocado, calendula oil, propylene glycol monoisostearate, cocoglycerides, butylene glycol caprylate / caprate, C12-15 alkyl benzoate, caprylic / capric diglyceryl succinate, caprylic / capric triglyceride, cetearyl isononanoate, cetearyl octanoate, cetyl dimethicone, coco caprylate / caprate, cocoglycerides,di-C12-13 alkyl tartrate, dibutyl adipate, dicapryl carbonate, dicapryl ether, hexyl decanol, hydrogenated polyisobutene, isoeicosane, isohexadecane, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate, octyl cocoate, octyl isostearate, octyl octanoate, octyl palmitate, octyl stearate, octyl dodecanol, octyldodecyl myristate, isopropyl stearate, pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate, phenyl trimethicone, polydecene, propylene glycol dicaprylate / dicaprate, stearyl heptanoate, tricapryline, tridecyl stearate, tridecyl trimellitate, triisostearine, or combinations thereof; a. about 5 to about 60% by weight, preferably about 10 to about 55% by weight, more preferably about 35 to about 55% by weight of particles of one or more pigments dispersed in one or more solvents of (b), wherein the one or more pigments are preferably selected from inorganic pigments, organic pigments, or combinations thereof, wherein more preferably

[0153] One or more inorganic pigments are selected from among colored metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal oxide hydrates, silicates, metal sulfides, complex metal cyanides, metal sulfates, bronze pigments, colored mica or mica-based pigments coated with at least one metal oxide and / or a metal oxychloride, or combinations thereof, for example, titanium dioxide, carbon black, black titanium oxide, yellow iron oxide, black iron oxide, red iron oxide, ultramarine blue, iron blue, chromium oxide, chromium hydroxide, carmine and shikonin, activated carbon, talc, iron oxides, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silica, cerium oxides, zirconium oxides, aluminum oxides, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, oxides of chromium, manganese oxides, bismuth oxychloride, ultramarine blue, calcium sulfate,alkali magnesium silicates or mixtures thereof; and,

[0154] one or more organic pigments are selected from the compounds nitroso, nitro-azo, xanthene, anthraquinone, isoindolinone, isoindolinone, quinacridone, perinone, perylene, diketopyrrolopyrrole, indigo, thioindigo, dioxazine triarylmethane, or mixtures thereof; a. optionally, one or more solid fatty compounds; b. optionally, one or more oil thickening agents; c. optionally, one or more lipophilic film-forming polymers; and d. Optionally, one or more miscellaneous ingredients.

[0155] In another preferred embodiment, the pigment dispersion comprises, essentially consists of, or consists of: a. about 0.1 to about 30% by weight, preferably about 1 to about 20% by weight, more preferably about 5 to about 15% by weight of a hydrophobic polymer formed as a reaction product of a natural or food-grade oil and a methacrylate or acrylate polymer, wherein preferably,

[0156] The hydrophobic polymer is a reaction product of: (a)(i) a natural or food-grade oil selected from linseed oil, sunflower oil, tung oil, fish oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil or combinations thereof, preferably linseed oil, and (a)(ii) a polymer derived from monomers selected from isobutyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, and combinations thereof, preferably an isobutyl methacrylate polymer, wherein even more preferably,

[0157] the hydrophobic polymer is the reaction product of linseed oil and poly(isobutyl methacrylate); approximately 10 to approximately 90% by weight, preferably approximately 25 to approximately 75 % by weight, more preferably about 30 to about 70% by weight of one or more solvents capable of solubilizing the hydrophobic polymer of (a), in which preferably,

[0158] the one or more solvents capable of solubilizing the reaction product of (a) have a dispersion component (D), a polar component (P) and a hydrogen bonding component (H), and a distance (Ra) less than or equal to 13.4 MPa0.5 according to the Hansen solubility parameters, in which the distance (Ra) is defined by formula (I):

[0159]

[0160] Ra = + (P - P})2 + (H - Hjf ® in which • Di equals 16.8 MPa0.5, • Pi is equal to 4.8 MPa0.5, and • Hi is equal to 13.0 MPa0.5, in which more preferably,

[0161] the one or more solvents capable of solubilizing the reaction product of (a) have a dispersion component (D), a polar component (P) and a hydrogen bonding component (H), and a distance (Ra) less than or equal to 9.9 MPa0.5 according to the Hansen solubility parameters, in which the distance (Ra) is defined by formula (I):

[0162] Ra = + (P - P^ + (H - ®

[0163] in which

[0164] Dj is worth 16.4 MPa0.5,

[0165] Pi is equal to 5.0 MPa0.5, and

[0166] Hi is equal to 11.7 MPa0.5, in which, even more preferably,

[0167] at least one or more solvents capable of dissolving the hydrophobic polymer of (a) are selected from dioctylcyclohexane, mineral oil, isocetyl palmitate, cyclopentasiloxane, dicaprylyl carbonate, octyl isostearate, trimethylhexyl isononanoate, 2-ethylhexyl isononanoate, dicaprylyl ether, dihexyl carbonate, polydecene, octyl cocoate, isodecyl neopentanoate, isohexyl decanoate, isodecyl octanoate, dihexyl ether, isododecane, 3,5,5-trimethyl isodecyl hexanoate, erucate oleyl, Passiflora incamata oil, jojoba oil, octyl palmitate, macadamia nut oil, isopropyl stearate, rapeseed oil, hexyl decanol, isotridecyl 3,5,5-trimethylhexanonanoate, polycitronellol acetate, mixed decanoyl and octanoyl glycerides, 2-ethylhexanoic acid 3,5,5-trimethyl ester, cetostearyl octanoate, dimethicone, isopropyl palmitate, octyldodecanol, dioctyl adipate, isopropyl myristate, octyl palmitate (2-ethylhexyl palmitate), octyldodecyl myristate, acid butyloctanoic acid, isopropyl stearate, caprylic / capric triglyceride, isopropyl isostearate, jojoba oil, cyclomethicone, peanut oil, almond oil, sunflower oil, decyl oleate, avocado oil, olive oil, dibutyl adipate, castor oil, calendula oil, wheat germ oil, decyl oleate, avocado oil, calendula oilPropylene glycol monoisostearate, cocoglycerides, butylene glycol caprylate / caprate, C12-15 alkyl benzoate, caprylic / capric diglyceryl succinate, caprylic / capric triglyceride, cetearyl isononanoate, cetearyl octanoate, cetyl dimethicone, coco caprylate / caprate, cocoglycerides, di-C12-13 alkyl tartrate, dibutyl adipate, dicapryl carbonate, dicapryl ether, hexyl decanol, hydrogenated polyisobutene, isoeicosane, isohexadecane, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate, octyl cocoate, octyl isostearate, octanoate octyl, octyl palmitate, octyl stearate, octyl dodecanol, octyldodecyl myristate, isopropyl stearate, pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate, phenyl trimethicone, polydecene, propylene glycol dicaprylate / dicaprate, stearyl heptanoate, tricapryline, tridecyl stearate, tridecyl trimellitate,triisostearine, or combinations thereof; a. about 5 to about 60% by weight, preferably about 10 to about 55% by weight, more preferably about 35 to about 55% by weight of particles of one or more pigments dispersed in one or more solvents of (b), wherein the one or more pigments are preferably selected from inorganic pigments, organic pigments, or combinations thereof, wherein more preferably

[0168] One or more inorganic pigments are selected from among colored metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal oxide hydrates, silicates, metal sulfides, complex metal cyanides, metal sulfates, bronze pigments, colored mica or mica-based pigments coated with at least one metal oxide and / or a metal oxychloride, or combinations thereof, for example, titanium dioxide, carbon black, black titanium oxide, yellow iron oxide, black iron oxide, red iron oxide, ultramarine blue, iron blue, chromium oxide, chromium hydroxide, carmine and shikonin, activated carbon, talc, the iron oxides, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silica, cerium oxides, zirconium oxides, aluminum oxides, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, chromium oxides, manganese oxides, bismuth oxychloride, ultramarine blue, calcium sulfate, alkali magnesium silicates or mixtures thereof; and

[0169] One or more organic pigments are selected from the compounds nitroso, nitroazo, xanthene, anthraquinone, isoindolinone, quinacridone, perinone, perylene, diketopyrrolopyrrole, indigo, thioindigo, dioxazine and / or triarylmethane, or mixtures thereof, for example carmine, quinacridone, phthalocyanine blue, the blue pigments coded in the Color Index under numbers CI 42090, CI 69800, CI 69825, CI 73000, CI 74100, CI 74160, the yellow pigments coded in the Color Index under numbers CI 11680, CI 11710, CI 15985, CI 19140, CI 20040, CI 21100, CI 21108, CI 47000, CI 47005, the green pigments coded in the Color Index under the numbers CI 61565, CI 61570, CI 74260, the orange pigments coded in the Color Index under the numbers CI 11725, CI 15510, CI 45370, CI 71105, the red pigments coded in the Color Index under the numbers CI 12085, CI 12120, CI 12370, CI 12420, CI 12490, CI 14700, CI 15525, CI 15580, CI 15620, CI 15630,CI 15800, CI 15850, CI 15865, CI 15880, CI 17200, CI 26100, CI 45380, CI 45410, CI 58000, CI 73360, CI 4 méurs, 70, CI391 ; , has. Optionally, about 0.1 to about 20% by weight, preferably about 1 to about 15% by weight, more preferably about 1 to about 10% by weight of one or more solid fatty compounds, preferably comprising the one or more solid fatty compounds selected from solid animal and vegetable oils and fats, fully or partially hydrogenated vegetable and animal oils and fats, saturated fatty acids, partially or fully hydrogenated fatty acids, fatty acid esters, saturated, partially hydrogenated, or fully hydrogenated monoglycerides, diglycerides and triglycerides, phospholipids, lecithins, partially or fully hydrogenated phospholipids and lecithins, lysolecithins and lysophosphatidylcholine, animal waxes, vegetable waxes, mineral waxes, synthetic waxes, wax esters, saturated and unsaturated fatty alcohols,fatty alcohol ethers / esters; saturated and unsaturated solid hydrocarbons (paraffins); solid silicones and silicone ethers / esters; polyol ethers / esters: glycerol ethers / esters, sorbitan, sorbitan stearate, glyceryl ricinoleate; polyglycerols and their ethers / esters; hydrophobic gelling agents: silicon dioxide, polyethylenes, or mixtures thereof; b. Optionally, about 0.1 to about 8% by weight, preferably about 0.5 to about 5% by weight, more preferably about 1 to about 3% by weight of one or more oil thickening agents, preferably wherein the one or more oil thickening agents are selected from polymers, gums, organic clays, polyethylenes, silica, or combinations thereof, preferably wherein the one or more oil thickening agents are selected from acrylate copolymer, hectorite gel, guar gum, cellulose gum, Caesalpinia Spinosa gum, gum arabic, starch, silica, silica dimethyl silylate, behenate, glyceryl dibehenate, behenyl behenate, or mixtures thereof. In various embodiments, alcohol polyacrylates can be useful, for example, C10-30 alkyl polyacrylate, or mixtures thereof; c. optionally, about 0.01 to about 10% by weight, preferably about 0.1 to about 8% by weight, more preferably about 0.5 to about 5% by weight of one or more film-forming polymers, preferably one or more film-forming polymers selected from polybutene, alkylcelluloses with a linear or branched alkyl radical, saturated or unsaturated in Cl to C8, such as ethylcellulose and propylcellulose, vinylpyrrolidone (VP) copolymers and in particular vinylpyrrolidone and C2 to C40 alkene copolymers and even better in C3 to C20.Examples of VP copolymers include VP / vinyl acetate, VP / ethyl methacrylate, butylated polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), VP / ethyl methacrylate / methacrylic acid, VP / eicosene, VP / hexadecene, VP / tricontene, VP / styrene and VP / acrylic acid / lauryl methacrylate copolymers, MQ type silicone resins, silsesquioxane resins, carbosiloxane dendrimer-grafted vinyl polymers, polyalkylsiloxanes and polyarylsiloxanes, vinyl ester polymers and copolymers, or vinylpyrrolidone copolymers, or mixtures thereof; and . d. Optionally, about 0.1 to about 10% by weight, preferably about 0.5 to about 8% by weight, more preferably about 1 to about 5% by weight of one or more miscellaneous ingredients, preferably wherein the one or more miscellaneous ingredients are selected from preservatives, perfumes, pH adjusters, chelating agents, buffers, antioxidants, flavonoids, vitamins, botanical extracts, UV filtering agents, proteins, protein hydrolysates and / or isolates, fillers (e.g., organic and / or inorganic fillers such as talc, calcium carbonate, silica, etc.), compositional dyes, and their mixtures.

[0170] In yet another preferred embodiment, an oil-in-water emulsion comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of: i. an oily phase comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of a dispersion of pigments as described in the preferred embodiments above; and ii. an aqueous phase comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of: a. about 35 to about 99% by weight, preferably about 45 to about 95% by weight, more preferably about 50 to about 90% by weight of water; b. optionally, about 0.1 to about 30% by weight, preferably about 0.5 to about 20% by weight, more preferably about 1 to about 15% by weight of one or more water-soluble solvents, for example, preferably one or more water-soluble solvents selected from monoalcohols (for example, C2x or C2.4 alcohols), polyols (polyhydric alcohols), glycols, and mixtures thereof; c. optionally, one or more water-soluble dyes; d. about 0.1 to about 15% by weight, preferably about 0.5 to about 10% by weight, more preferably about 1 to about 8% by weight of one or more surfactants, preferably one or more biosurfactants, anionic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, cationic surfactants, or combinations thereof, in which more preferably at least one of the one or more surfactants is a biosurfactant, preferably selected from a glycolipid selected from sophorolipids, rhamnolipids, trehalose lipids, mannosylerythritol lipids, and combinations thereof, in which preferably at least one of the one or more biosurfactants is a rhamnolipid; e. Optionally, about 0.1 to about 10% by weight, preferably about 0.5 to about 8% by weight, more preferably about 1 to about 5% by weight of one or more miscellaneous ingredients, preferably wherein the one or more miscellaneous ingredients are selected from preservatives, perfumes, pH adjusters, chelating agents, buffers, antioxidants, flavonoids, vitamins, botanical extracts, UV filtering agents, proteins, protein hydrolysates and / or isolates, fillers (e.g., organic and / or inorganic fillers such as talc, calcium carbonate, silica, etc.), color compounds, and their mixtures;

[0171] wherein the oily phase and the aqueous phase have a weight ratio of about 1:5 to about 5:1, preferably about 1:4 to about 2:1, more preferably about 1:3 to about 1:1 (oily phase : aqueous phase).

[0172] In various embodiments, the average droplet size of the oil phase in the emulsions forming the emulsions is approximately 10 nm to approximately 2 pm, approximately 10 nm to approximately 1.5 pm, approximately 10 nm to approximately 1 pm, approximately 10 nm to approximately 800 nm, approximately 10 nm to approximately 600 nm, approximately 10 nm to approximately 500 nm, approximately 10 nm to approximately 250 nm, approximately 50 nm to approximately 2 pm, approximately 50 nm to approximately 1.5 pm, approximately 50 nm to approximately 1 pm, approximately 50 nm to approximately 800 nm, approximately 50 nm to approximately 600 nm, approximately 50 nm to approximately 500 nm, from about 50 nm to about 250 nm, from about 100 nm to about 2 pm, from about 100 nm to about 1.5 pm, from about 100 nm to about 1 pm, from about 100 nm to about 800 nm, from about 100 nm to about 600 nm, from about 100 nm to about 500 nm, from about 100 nm to about 300 nm, from about 150 nm to about 500 nm, from about 150 nm to about 400 nm, from about 200 nm to about 500 nm, or from about 200 nm to about 300 nm. EXAMPLES

[0173] An implementation of this disclosure is provided by means of the following examples. The examples are intended to illustrate the technology but are not intended to be exhaustive. Example 1

[0174] The following compositions were prepared by combining the pigments (TiO2, Pigment Red 7, or black iron oxide) with caprylic / capric triglyceride using a high-speed mixer at 2500 rpm for 5 minutes at room temperature (23–25°C). For compositions A, D, and E, MycelX® was dissolved in caprylic / capric triglyceride before the pigments were added. The pigment was then added and mixed at 2500 rpm for 5 minutes in the high-speed mixer at room temperature (23–25°C).

[0175] [Tables2] INGREDIENTS ABCDEF (a) MycelX®1 11.5 14.4 11.5 (b) TiO2 50 50 37.5 Red 7 37.5 Black iron oxide 50 50 (c) Caprylic / capric triglyceride 38.5 50 48.1 62.5 38.5 50

[0176] 1 Product of the reaction of linseed oil and isobutyl methacrylate polymer.

[0177] Approximately 10 microlitres of sample were drip-dipped onto the surface The glass slide was placed in the center, and a coverslip was placed on top without excessive force. A microscope was used to visually assess the dispersion of the pigments on the slide. Figure 1 includes photographs of each composition (10X magnification). The photographs show that in the compositions containing MycelX® (A, C, and E), the pigments were more regularly and uniformly dispersed in the sample and were much less agglomerated compared to the compositions without MycelX® (B, D, and F). Example 2

[0178] The following compositions were prepared by combining the pigment (TiO2) with caprylic / capric triglyceride using a high-speed mixer at 2500 rpm for 5 minutes at room temperature (23-25°C). For Composition G, MycelX® was dissolved in caprylic / capric triglyceride before the pigment was added. The pigment was then added and mixed at 2500 rpm for 5 minutes in the high-speed mixer at room temperature (23-25°C).

[0179] [Tables3] INGREDIENTS GH (a) MycelX®1 2.5 (b) TiO2 50 50 Red 7 Black iron oxide (c) Caprylic / capric triglyceride 47.5 50

[0180] 1 Product of the reaction of linseed oil and isobutyl methacrylate polymer.

[0181] Approximately 10 microlitres of sample were drip-dipped onto the surface The glass slide was placed in the center, and a coverslip was placed on top without excessive force. A microscope was used to visually assess the pigment dispersion on the slide. Figure 2 includes photographs of each composition (10X magnification). The photographs show that the pigment (TiO2) in composition G was regularly and uniformly distributed throughout the sample and was much less agglomerated than in composition H, without the MycelX®.

[0182] As used herein, the terms "comprising", "having" and "including" are used in their broad and non-limiting sense.

[0183] Similarly, the expression "one of its / their salts" also refers to "their salts." Thus, when the disclosure refers to "an item selected from the group consisting of A, B, C, D, E, F, one of their salts, and a mixture thereof," it indicates that one or more of A, B, C, D, and F may be included, one or more of a salt of A, a salt of B, a salt of C, a salt of D, a salt of E, and a salt of F may be included, or a mixture of any two of A, B, C, D, E, F, a salt of A, a salt of B, a salt of C, a salt of D, a salt of E, and a salt of F may be included.

[0184] The salts referred to throughout the disclosure may include salts having a counterion such as an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or ammonium counterion. This list of counterions, however, is not exhaustive. The appropriate counterions for the components described herein are known in art.

[0185] The expression "one or more" means "at least one" and therefore includes individual components as well as mixtures / combinations.

[0186] The term “plurality” means “more than one” or “two or more”.

[0187] The term "transparent" in relation to a transparent composition indicates that the composition has a transmittance of at least 80% at a wavelength of 600 nm, measured, for example, using a Lambda 40 UV-visible spectrometer. Compositions may have, for example, a transmittance of at least 80%, at least 90%, or at least 95% at a wavelength of 600 nm, measured, for example, using a Lambda 40 UV-visible spectrometer. The term "clear" is interchangeable with the term "transparent" for the purposes of this disclosure.

[0188] The term "translucent" in relation to a translucent composition indicates that the composition has a transmittance of at least 50% at a wavelength of 600 nm, measured for example using a Lambda 40 UV-visible spectrometer.

[0189] Except in the operational examples, or unless otherwise indicated, all quantities expressing amounts of ingredients and / or reaction conditions may in all cases be modified by the term "approximately", meaning to within + / - 5% of the stated number. Thus, for a range "from approximately 1 to approximately 10% by weight", the lower quantity "from approximately 1% by weight" may extend up to 0.95% by weight, which is 5% less than 1% by weight. The upper quantity "from approximately 10% by weight" may extend up to 10.5% by weight, which is 5% more than 10% by weight, i.e., a range of "0.95% by weight to 10.5% by weight".

[0190] All percentages, parts and ratios herein are based on the total weight of the compositions of the present invention, unless otherwise stated.

[0191] Some of the various identified component categories may overlap. In such cases where an overlap may exist and where the composition includes both components (or the composition includes more than two overlapping components), an overlapping compound does not represent more than one component. For example, some compounds can be considered both an oily solvent and a surfactant. If a particular composition includes both an oily solvent and a surfactant, a single compound will serve only as an oily solvent or only as a surfactant (the single compound does not simultaneously serve as both an oily solvent and a surfactant).

[0192] As used herein, all provided ranges are intended to include every specific range within the given ranges, as well as every combination of intermediate subranges. Thus, a range of 1 to 5 specifically includes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, as well as subranges such as 2 to 5, 3 to 5, 2 to 3, 2 to 4, 1 to 4, etc. All ranges and values ​​disclosed herein are inclusive and combinable. For example, any value or point described herein that falls within a range described herein can serve as a minimum or maximum value for inferring a subrange, etc.

[0193] The expression "substantially free" or "essentially free" as used here means that less than about 2% by weight of a specific material is added to a composition, relative to the total weight of the composition. However, compositions may include less than about 1% by weight, less than about 0.5% by weight, less than about 0.1% by weight, or none at all of the specified material. For example, if a composition is essentially free of compound X, the composition includes less than 2% by weight of compound X, or less than 1% by weight of compound X, or less than 0.5% by weight of compound X, or less than 0.1% by weight of compound X, or is free of compound X.

[0194] All components presented positively in this disclosure may be excluded negatively from the claims, for example, a claimed composition may be "free", "substantially free" (or "substantially free") of one or more components that are presented positively in this disclosure.

Claims

Demands

1. A pigment dispersion comprising: (a) a hydrophobic polymer formed as a reaction product of a natural or food-grade oil and a methacrylate or acrylate polymer, preferably wherein the hydrophobic polymer is the reaction product of about 50 to about 85 parts by weight of the natural or food-grade oil and about 15 to about 50 parts by weight of the methacrylate or acrylate polymer, more preferably wherein the hydrophobic polymer is the reaction product of linseed oil and poly(isobutyl methacrylate); (b) one or more solvents capable of solubilizing the hydrophobic polymer of (a); (c) particles of one or more pigments dispersed in the one or more solvents of (b).

2. Dispersion according to claim 1, wherein the one or more solvents capable of solubilizing the hydrophobic polymer of (a) have a dispersion component (D), a polar component (P) and a hydrogen bonding component (H), and a distance (Ra) less than or equal to 13.4 MPa0'5 according to the Hansen solubility parameters, wherein the distance (Ra) is defined by formula (I): Ra - - D$ + (PP$ + ® in which -Dr is 16.8 MPa0'5, -Pi is 4.8 MPa0.5, and -Hr is 13.0 MPa0'5.

3. Dispersion according to claims 1 or 2, wherein at least one or more solvents capable of solubilizing the hydrophobic polymer of (a) is selected from polycitronellol acetate, caprylic / capric triglyceride, isododecane, isohexadecane, tetradecane, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl alcohol, octyldodecanol, ethanol, phenoxyethanol, castor oil, or mixtures thereof.

4. Dispersion according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein one or more pigments are selected from inorganic pigments, wherein the inorganic pigments are selected from metal oxides, metal borates, metal sulfates, metal sulfides, metal chromates, metal carbonates, metal selenides, and combinations thereof, more preferably wherein the inorganic pigments are selected from metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal oxide hydrates, silicates, metal sulfides, complex metal cyanides, metal sulfates, bronze pigments, colored mica or mica-based pigments coated with at least one metal oxide and / or metal oxychloride, or combinations thereof, preferably wherein one or more pigments are selected from titanium dioxide, Red 7 pigment, black iron oxide, or mixtures thereof; wherein one or more pigments have a particle size of less than 15 pm.

5. Dispersion of pigments according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising: (a) about 1 to about 20% by weight of a hydrophobic polymer formed as a reaction product of a natural or food-grade oil and a methacrylate or acrylate polymer; (b) about 30 to about 70% by weight of one or more solvents capable of solubilizing the hydrophobic polymer of (a); and (c) about 5 to about 60% by weight of particles of one or more pigments dispersed in the one or more solvents of (b).

6. Oil-in-water emulsion comprising: (i) an oily phase comprising the pigment dispersion of any one of the preceding claims; and (ii) an aqueous phase comprising water.

7. Emulsion according to claim 6, wherein the oily phase and the aqueous phase are in a weight ratio of about 1:5 to about 5:

1.

8. Dispersion according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein one or more pigments have a particle size of less than 15 pm.

9. Makeup product comprising the pigment dispersion of any one of claims 1 to 5 or 8 or an emulsion of claims 6 or 7.

Images