Method and device for determining and using a diagnostic tool comprising an extreme temperature response spectrum.
The extreme temperature response spectrum method and device address the challenge of underestimating thermal conditions by providing a diagnostic tool for precise equipment adaptation, ensuring effective thermal stress management and cost-efficient design optimization.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- FR2024003910
- Authority / Receiving Office
- FR · FR
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-17
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-24
- Estimated Expiration
- 2044-04-17
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods fail to accurately account for real thermal conditions and thermal inertia of equipment, leading to overdesign due to the lack of knowledge about actual temperature exposure, which is crucial for optimizing equipment performance, particularly in extreme conditions.
A method and device using an extreme temperature response spectrum (ERTS) are developed to determine and analyze temperature curves, filtering and extracting key temperature parameters iteratively to form a diagnostic tool, allowing for precise adaptation and customization of equipment to actual thermal conditions.
Enables precise determination of thermal stress levels and adaptation of equipment to withstand actual temperatures without overdesign, applicable to a wide range of materials and environments at a reduced cost, facilitating early and accurate design customization.
Smart Images
Figure 00000000_0000_ABST
Abstract
Description
Title of the invention: Method and device for determining and using a diagnostic tool comprising an extreme temperature response spectrum. Technical field
[0001] The present invention relates to a method and device for determining and using a diagnostic tool comprising an extreme temperature response spectrum. State of the art
[0002] Although not exclusively, the present invention applies more particularly to the military field, and in particular to any military equipment likely to be subjected to extreme conditions, such as a missile for example. It may be any type of equipment, such as for example electronic, pyrotechnic, organic equipment, thermal protection, etc.
[0003] To optimize the performance of equipment, particularly military equipment, over time, it is known to carry out a customization process (definition as needed) of the mechanical requirements, sometimes severe, to which this equipment may be subjected or has been subjected. In particular, to compare different mechanical environments, it is known to use a shock response spectrum and a fatigue damage spectrum. These spectra help to specify as needed the extremely severe constraints (vibrations, shocks, etc.) to which the equipment in question will be exposed or has been exposed.
[0004] However, in addition to mechanical environments, equipment may also be subjected to climatic environments, such as extreme temperatures, which may be more or less severe. However, for the climatic environment, an approach to customizing equipment would require knowledge of the actual conditions. This would require carrying out extremely long campaigns (with the need to have a measurement over several years for meteorological quantities) at a large number of sites throughout the world (where the equipment could be deployed) to know these actual conditions, in particular the temperature, to which the equipment could be subjected. Such a solution is therefore not feasible in practice.
[0005] However, the failure to take into account real thermal conditions (as well as the lack of knowledge of the thermal inertia of the equipment) does not allow the equipment to be specified as accurately as possible and generally leads to the environments to which the equipment is subjected being considered much more severe than they actually are. considered. This means that the equipment is designed and adapted to withstand more severe thermal conditions than those it will actually encounter.
[0006] There is therefore a need to find a solution making it possible to provide a diagnostic tool capable of determining the effect of thermal conditions, in particular the extreme temperatures to which a piece of equipment will be subjected, in particular to carry out customization during the design of the equipment or to evaluate its level of stress. Statement of the invention
[0007] The present invention relates to a method for determining and using a diagnostic tool, which makes it possible to meet the aforementioned need, the diagnostic tool comprising at least one extreme temperature response spectrum for a plurality of (different) types of equipment.
[0008] To this end, according to the invention, said method comprises at least the following steps: - a step of receiving at least one temperature curve, the temperature curve representing a variation in temperature as a function of time at a given geographical location; - a processing step comprising a series of successive sub-steps, said series being implemented iteratively for each of a plurality of N different values of a characteristic time Tau_i, N being an integer greater than 1 and i being an integer varying from 1 to N, the characteristic time Tau_i being associated with a given type of material and representative of the latter, said series of successive sub-steps comprising, for a given iteration: • a first sub-step consisting of filtering said temperature curve, using a first-order filter having as time constant said characteristic time Tau_i, so as to obtain a so-called modified curve; • a second sub-step consisting of extracting from the modified curve thus obtained, a temperature value corresponding to a specific temperature parameter (for example a maximum temperature, a minimum temperature, etc.); and • a third sub-step consisting of associating this extracted temperature value with the characteristic time Tau_i corresponding to the iteration, to form a pair of values, the pairs of values obtained at the end of the N iterations forming a set of pairs, said extreme temperature response spectrum comprising at least said set of pairs of values; and - a comparison step consisting of carrying out, from at least said extreme temperature response spectrum, comparisons to carry out at least one diagnosis.
[0009] Thus, thanks to the invention, an extreme temperature response spectrum is obtained which is representative of a temperature curve of a given geographical location, for example a city, and which provides temperature values, in particular extreme ones, as a function of the characteristic time which is representative of a type of material considered. Thus, for a particular type of material, for example a missile equipment, it is possible to know the temperature conditions (in particular extreme) to which it has been or will be subjected.
[0010] By making comparisons, for example with the extreme temperature response spectra of different geographical locations or corresponding to different types of equipment, we thus have a diagnostic tool which makes it possible to determine the thermal conditions, in particular the extreme temperatures, to which a piece of equipment will be subjected, in particular to carry out customization during the design of the equipment (in order to adapt it to the thermal constraints encountered so that it can withstand these temperatures without being oversized) or to evaluate its level of stress. This diagnostic tool is applicable to the main types of equipment (electronic, pyrotechnic, organic, thermal protection, etc.) as used, in particular, in the military field.
[0011] Advantageously, said set of pairs of values (forming the extreme temperature response spectrum) is represented in the form of a curve.
[0012] Furthermore, advantageously, the second sub-step of the processing step performs the following operations: - sorting the temperatures of said modified curve in ascending order; and - identifying, in said sorting, the temperature value corresponding to the specific temperature parameter.
[0013] In a first embodiment, the reception step and the processing step are implemented for each of a plurality of different temperature curves (i.e. relating to different geographical locations) making it possible to obtain a plurality of extreme temperature response spectra, and the comparison step consists of carrying out comparisons from at least two of these extreme temperature response spectra.
[0014] It is thus possible to compare the effects on a given material or on several given materials of temperatures, for several different temperature curves, that is to say for several different geographical locations. This makes it possible in particular to adapt the protection of the material to the thermal conditions to which it will be subjected in a given geographical location, for example a city with very high temperatures.
[0015] In a second embodiment, as a variant or in addition to the aforementioned first embodiment, the processing step is implemented for a plurality of different specific temperature parameters (maximum temperature, minimum temperature, etc.) making it possible to obtain a plurality of extreme temperature response spectra, each of which is associated with a specific temperature parameter, and the comparison step consists of carrying out comparisons based on at least two of these extreme temperature response spectra.
[0016] Advantageously, the specific temperature parameter corresponds to a particular, non-zero percentage of a maximum temperature, this percentage taking a value greater than 0 and less than or equal to 100.
[0017] Preferably, the specific temperature parameter corresponds to one of the following temperature values: - a maximum temperature; - 99% of the maximum temperature; - a percentage between 1% and 100% of the maximum temperature; - an average temperature; - a minimum temperature; - 99% of the minimum temperature; - a percentage between 1% and 100% of the minimum temperature.
[0018] Thanks to the second embodiment mentioned above, a plurality of different specific temperature parameters are taken into account, making it possible to obtain a plurality of extreme temperature response spectra, highlighting different types of temperature, such as the maximum temperature to which the material will be subjected, but also other temperatures (such as the minimum temperature for example), which may be relevant for certain applications or in certain situations.
[0019] Furthermore, advantageously, the method comprises a preliminary step consisting of determining, for a plurality of different materials, the associated characteristic time.
[0020] Advantageously, at this preliminary stage, the characteristic time associated with a material is obtained from a so-called representative curve illustrating the temperature measured inside the material as a function of time, starting at the moment when said material (which initially has an initial internal temperature Ti) is subjected to a given external temperature Tf, and the characteristic time corresponds to one of the following times: - the time for the temperature measured inside the material to reach 63% of the temperature difference Tf-Ti between the external temperature Tf and the initial internal temperature Ti; - one third of the time for the temperature measured inside the material to reach 95% of the Tf-Ti temperature difference; - one fifth of the time for the temperature measured inside the material to reach 99% of the Tf-Ti temperature difference.
[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the temperature curve(s) received in the receiving step come from one or more public databases, generally free of charge, which makes it possible to implement the method at reduced cost. In addition, numerous temperature curves for different locations are currently accessible.
[0022] The present invention also relates to a device for determining and using a diagnostic tool comprising at least one extreme temperature response spectrum for a plurality of (different) types of equipment.
[0023] According to the invention, said device comprises at least the following units: - a reception unit configured to receive at least one temperature curve, the temperature curve representing a variation in temperature as a function of time at a given geographical location; - a processing unit carrying out processing operations iteratively for each of a plurality of N different values of a characteristic time Tau_i, N being an integer greater than 1 and i being an integer varying from 1 to N, the characteristic time Tau_i being associated with a given type of material and representative of the latter, said processing unit comprising: • a first sub-unit configured to filter said temperature curve, using a first-order filter having as time constant said characteristic time ri, so as to obtain a so-called modified curve; • a second subunit configured to extract from the modified curve thus determined, a temperature value corresponding to a specific temperature parameter; and • a third sub-unit configured to associate this extracted temperature value with the characteristic time ri corresponding to the iteration, to form a pair of values, the pairs of values obtained at the end of the N iterations forming a set of pairs, said extreme temperature response spectrum comprising at least said set of pairs of values; and - a comparison unit configured to carry out, from at least said extreme temperature response spectrum, comparisons to perform at least one diagnosis.
[0024] The present invention further relates to a method for assisting in adapting equipment to future thermal constraints.
[0025] According to the invention, this method comprises at least the following operations: - carrying out a diagnosis relating to the equipment at one or more geographical locations where it is expected to be used, by implementing the aforementioned method and using a characteristic time associated with the type of said equipment; and - a design of the material which is adapted to the result of this diagnosis.
[0026] In the context of the present invention, we therefore take into account, as a thermal transfer function linking the external thermal conditions of a piece of equipment considered (whose thermal behavior is not exactly known) to the internal thermal conditions of this equipment, a simplified transfer function corresponding to a first-order filter which has as a time constant, a characteristic time Tau associated with (and representative of) this equipment (and of these storage and / or use conditions).
[0027] The present invention has numerous advantages. In particular: - extreme temperature response spectra provide an advantageous solution in the field of specifying thermal environments, and more particularly for extreme temperature environments; - they allow, for equipment currently in use, to determine the level of stress on this equipment; - they allow, above all, the design of future equipment, as precisely as possible, to be able to withstand the thermal constraints to which it risks being subjected; - they allow a design to be carried out as early as possible, adapted to real thermal conditions; - the process is applicable to a wide range of materials (equipment, missile, container, etc.) whose thermal behavior is not precisely known; - the process can be implemented at low cost thanks to generally free access to temperature curves. Brief description of the figures
[0028] Other characteristics and advantages of the device, the process and / or the method according to the invention will appear better on reading the following description of exemplary embodiments given for illustrative purposes and in no way limiting, appended to the following figures.
[0029] [Fig.l] is the block diagram of a device according to a particular embodiment of the invention.
[0030] [Fig. 2] is a schematic view of an exemplary system, in this case a missile, provided with equipment to which the present invention can be applied.
[0031] [Fig.3] is a graph explaining the characteristics and the method of determining a characteristic time associated with a given material.
[0032] [Fig.4] schematically illustrates a particular embodiment of a method according to the invention.
[0033] [Fig.5] is a graph showing temperature curves associated with two first cities.
[0034] [Fig.6] is a graph resulting from the processing of the temperature curves of [Fig.5], showing curves each illustrating the evolution of the extreme temperature response spectrum as a function of the characteristic time, and this for several specific temperature parameters and for each of these first two cities.
[0035] [Fig.7] is a graph showing temperature curves associated with two second cities.
[0036] [Fig.8] is a graph resulting from the processing of the temperature curves of [Fig.7], showing curves each illustrating the evolution of the extreme temperature response spectrum as a function of the characteristic time, and this for several specific temperature parameters and for each of these two second cities. Detailed description
[0037] The device 1 illustrating a particular embodiment of the invention and represented schematically in [Fig.l] is a device for determining and using a diagnostic tool comprising at least one Extreme Temperature Response Spectrum (SRET).
[0038] Device 1 applies more particularly to the military field, and in particular to any military equipment likely to be subjected to extreme temperature conditions, such as a missile for example. This may be any type of equipment, such as for example electronic, pyrotechnic, organic equipment, thermal protection, etc.
[0039] By way of example, the equipment 2A and 2B shown in [Fig. 2] correspond to two pieces of equipment of a missile 3, for example electronic equipment of the missile 3 for the equipment 2A and a propellant of the missile 3 for the equipment 2B. The missile 3 is mounted in a container 4 which is installed on the ground 5 at a location where it is subjected to thermal conditions specified below and illustrated by a thermometer 6 and arrows 7.
[0040] In the context of the present invention, a parameter called "characteristic time" Tau is associated with a given type of equipment. This characteristic time Tau is representative of the time required for the internal temperature at the level of the equipment considered to adapt to the external temperature at the location where this equipment is located (or the system comprising this equipment). This characteristic time Tau varies, in particular, depending on the size of the equipment considered (missile equipment, missile, etc.), its configuration and its storage conditions (in a container or outside a container, etc.). This characteristic time represents the time constant of a (simplified) heat transfer function used, relating the external conditions to the internal conditions of the material, as specified below.
[0041] By way of illustration: - the time required to completely thermally stabilize a cubic electronic device with sides of 20 cm, alone, is a few hours. In this case, we consider, for example, that the characteristic time Tau is of the order of 1 hour; and - the time required to completely thermally stabilize a block of powder of a long-range missile, when the missile is in logistical condition, can reach several tens of hours, or even a few days. In this case, we consider, for example, that the characteristic time Tau is of the order of 20 hours.
[0042] Said device 1 comprises, as shown in [Fig.l]: - a receiving unit 8 configured to receive at least one temperature curve C1, C2, C3, C4 (figures 5 and 7). The temperature curve represents a variation of the temperature T (expressed in °C) as a function of the time t (expressed for example in hours) at a given geographical location, for example at the level of a city as specified below; - a processing unit 9 receiving the temperature curve(s) C1, C2, C3, C4 from the receiving unit 8. The processing unit 9 is configured to carry out processing operations using this or these temperature curve(s) C1, C2, C3 and C4. The processing unit 9 carries out the processing operations iteratively, for each of a plurality of N values of a characteristic time Tau_i, in order to determine at least one extreme temperature response spectrum (SRET). N is an integer greater than 1 and i is an integer varying from 1 to N. Each characteristic time Tau_i is associated with a given type of material and is representative of the latter as specified below; and - a comparison unit 10 configured to carry out, from at least the extreme temperature response spectrum (SRET) (received from the processing unit 9), comparisons to carry out at least one diagnosis, as also specified below.
[0043] In addition, the processing unit 9 comprises: - a sub-unit 11 configured to, at each iteration i, filter the temperature curve, using a first-order filter having as time constant said characteristic time Tau_i, so as to obtain a so-called modified curve; - a sub-unit 12 configured to, at each iteration i, extract from the modified curve thus determined, a temperature value corresponding to a specific temperature parameter (for example a maximum temperature, a minimum temperature, etc.); and - a subunit 13 configured to, at each iteration i, associate this extracted temperature value with the characteristic time Tau_i corresponding to iteration i, to form a pair of values.
[0044] The pairs of values obtained at the end of the N iterations form a set of pairs. The extreme temperature response spectrum (SRET) includes at least this set of pairs of values.
[0045] Said device 1 also comprises a receiving unit 14 configured to receive the minimum and maximum characteristic times associated with the plurality of different materials considered. The minimum and maximum characteristic times are an input entered by the user according to his knowledge of the materials. The minimum and maximum characteristic times are transmitted to the processing unit 9 and used by the sub-units 11, 12, 13, during the processing operations implemented. They can also be used by the comparison unit 10.
[0046] The device 1, as described above, is intended to implement a method P for determining and using a diagnostic tool comprising at least one extreme temperature response spectrum (SRET). This method P implemented by the device 1, which is shown in [Fig. 4], is now described.
[0047] Said method P comprises at least the following steps: - a step E1 of receiving at least one temperature curve C1, C2, C3, C4 (figures 5 and 7) which presents a variation of the temperature T as a function of time t at a given geographical location; - a processing step E2 comprising a sequence of successive sub-steps E2A, E2B and E2C. This sequence is implemented iteratively for each of a plurality of N values of the characteristic time Tau_i. N is an integer greater than 1 and i is an integer varying from 1 to N. A characteristic time Tau_i is associated with a given type of given material, for example with material 2A or material 2B of [Fig.2], and is representative of this material. The processing step E2 comprises, for a given iteration i: • sub-step E2A consisting of filtering said temperature curve Cl, C2, C3, C4 using a first-order filter having as time constant said characteristic time Tau_i, so as to obtain a so-called modified curve; • sub-step E2B consisting of extracting from the modified curve thus determined, a temperature value corresponding to a specific temperature parameter; and • sub-step E2C consisting of associating this extracted temperature value with the characteristic time Tau_i corresponding to iteration i, to form a pair of values. The pairs of values obtained at the end of the N iterations form a set of pairs. Said set of pairs of values is preferably represented as shape of a curve. The extreme temperature response spectrum (ERTS) includes at least this set of pairs of values; and - a comparison step E3 consisting of carrying out, from at least said extreme temperature response spectrum (SRET), comparisons to carry out at least one diagnosis.
[0048] The main steps of the method P are described in more detail below.
[0049] The temperature curves Cl, C2, C3 and C4 that we wish to use are extracted databases and received by the reception unit 8 at the reception stage E1. These temperature curves are generally sampled hourly, that is to say with a temperature measurement every hour, and this for periods of several years sometimes.
[0050] In a preferred embodiment, the temperature curve(s) received in the reception step E1 come from one or more common public databases, in particular databases available on government sites. Access to the information in such databases is generally free. This makes it possible to implement the method P at reduced cost. In addition, numerous temperature curves for different locations, subject to varied and sometimes extreme thermal conditions, are currently accessible. This provides a wide variety of diagnostic possibilities.
[0051] After receiving the temperature curve(s) C1, C2, C3, C4, which it is desired to use, the sub-unit 11 carries out, in sub-step E2A, for each temperature curve C1, C2, C3, C4, a usual filtering, using a first-order filter having as time constant the characteristic time Tau considered.
[0052] In the context of the present invention, the heat transfer function (FT) linking the external conditions to the internal conditions of the equipment considered is therefore reduced to a first-order filter (with the characteristic time Tau as the time constant). This simplified heat transfer function (FT) is described by: - a thermal inertia Cth which will slow down the propagation of external conditions, which is described by: • m: mass (in kg); and • Cp: specific heat (in J / kg / K); and - a thermal conductance URth which will promote the propagation of external conditions. Thermal conductance is described: O by hS for convection phenomena, with: • h: the convective exchange coefficient (W / m2 / K); and • S: the convection exchange surface (m2); O or by AS / e for conduction phenomena, with: • e: the thickness crossed by the flow (in m); • Â : thermal conductivity (in W / m / K); and • S: the conduction exchange surface (in m2).
[0053] The internal temperature of the equipment is the solution of the first-order differential equation (1), which can be written as follows: Tau^+T(t) =Text
[0054] With: • Text: the outside temperature; • T(t): the internal temperature as a function of time t; and • Tau: a constant characteristic of the thermal behavior of the equipment.
[0055] When the equipment is subjected to a temperature step between 0 and Text, equation (1) has the solution: T ( t ) = Text ( 1-6¾ )
[0056] When the equipment is subjected to a temperature step between Ti and Tf ([Fig.3]), equation (1) is written in the form of an equation: Tau^+T(t) =Tf
[0057] The solution to this equation is: T(t) = Ti+(Tf-Ti) ( 1-6¾ )
[0058] The CR curve in [Fig.3] illustrates the response of a first-order filter with time constant Tau=20, when it is subjected to a temperature step between 15°C (Ti) and 50°C (Tf).
[0059] By observing the behavior (illustrated by this CR curve), we can identify the characteristic time Tau using one of the following properties: - after a duration of Tau, warming is 63% of the temperature difference Tf-Ti considered; - after a duration of 3 Tau, warming is 95% of the Tf-Ti temperature difference considered; - after a duration of 5 Tau, warming is 99% of the Tf-Ti temperature difference considered.
[0060] The filtering carried out in sub-step E2A makes it possible to obtain a modified curve, which is then used in sub-step E2B to extract the temperature value corresponding to a specific temperature parameter.
[0061] The specific temperature parameter used in sub-step E2B of processing step E2 corresponds to a particular, non-zero percentage of the maximum temperature, this percentage taking a value greater than 0 and less than or equal to 100.
[0062] Preferably, the specific temperature parameter corresponds to one of the following temperature values: - a maximum temperature; - 99% of the maximum temperature; - a percentage between 1% and 100% of the maximum temperature; - an average temperature; - a minimum temperature; - 99% of the minimum temperature; - a percentage between 1% and 100% of the minimum temperature.
[0063] More precisely, in sub-step E2B of processing step E2, sub-unit 12 performs the following operations to extract the desired temperature value: - it sorts in ascending order all the temperatures of the modified curve obtained in sub-step E2A; and - it identifies, in the said sorting thus carried out, the temperature value which corresponds to the specific temperature parameter, for example 99% of the maximum temperature.
[0064] The temperature value thus identified is associated, in sub-step E2C, by sub-unit 13, with the characteristic time corresponding to the iteration, so as to form a pair of values for this iteration. All the pairs of values obtained in sub-step E2C, at the end of the iterations, form the extreme temperature response spectrum (SRET). Said set of pairs of values is preferably represented in the form of a curve.
[0065] Figures 6 and 8 show different curves thus obtained, which will be specified below.
[0066] Then, in comparison step E3, comparisons are made, based on the extreme temperature response spectra (SRET) determined in processing step E2, to carry out at least one diagnosis concerning the material(s) considered.
[0067] Furthermore, in a particular embodiment, the method P comprises a preliminary step E0. This preliminary step E0 consists of receiving, for a plurality of different materials, the minimum and maximum characteristic times.
[0068] The behavior of each piece of equipment is simplified by a system with a single parameter, namely the time (characteristic time) which is necessary for its temperature to stabilize (thermal inertia).
[0069] In the preliminary step E0, the characteristic time associated with a given material, such as the electronic equipment 2A or the propellant 2B of the missile 3 of [Fig. 2], is obtained from a so-called representative curve CR as shown in [Fig. 3]. This representative curve CR indicates the temperature T (expressed in °C) measured inside the material considered 2A, 2B as a function of the time t (expressed in hours). It is representative of the material considered. The measurement used begins when the material, which initially has an internal temperature Ti (initial) of 15°C, is subjected to a given external temperature Tf of 50°C. To simplify the drawing, [Fig.3] shows a representative curve CR showing a theoretical evolution, a curve obtained by real measurements generally showing a less smooth and less coherent trace.
[0070] The characteristic time Tau associated with the representative curve CR is obtained from this representative curve CR, by identifying one of the following times: - the time for the temperature measured inside the material to reach 63% of the Tf-Ti temperature difference. In the example of [Fig.3], the time to reach 63% is 20 h; - one third of the time for the temperature measured inside the material to reach 95% of the Tf-Ti temperature difference. In the example of [Fig.3], the time to reach 95% is 60 h; - one fifth of the time for the temperature measured inside the material to reach 99% of the Tf-Ti temperature difference.
[0071] Consequently, for a given material, for example material 2B of [Fig.2], which has a representative curve CR such as that of [Fig.3], it is deduced at the preliminary step E0 that the characteristic time Tau associated with this material corresponds to 20 hours.
[0072] Thus, thanks to the method P, an extreme temperature response spectrum (SRET) is obtained which is representative of a temperature curve of a given geographical location, for example a city, and which provides temperature values, in particular extreme ones, as a function of the characteristic times which are representative of a plurality of types of equipment considered. Consequently, for a particular type of equipment, for example a missile equipment, it is possible to know the temperature (maximum temperature, minimum temperature, etc.): - to which it was subjected if it was positioned at the geographical location considered; or - to which it will be subjected if it will be positioned at the geographical location considered.
[0073] We thus have, by making comparisons, for example with the spectrum of extreme temperature response (SRET) of another geographical location or for equipment of different types, a diagnostic tool which makes it possible to determine the thermal conditions, in particular extreme temperatures, to which equipment will be subjected, in particular to carry out customization during the design of the equipment (in order to adapt it to the thermal constraints encountered so that it can withstand these temperatures without being oversized) or to evaluate its level of stress. This diagnostic tool is applicable to the main types of equipment (electronic, pyrotechnic, organic, thermal protection, etc.), as used in particular in the military field.
[0074] Different types of diagnosis are possible thanks to the invention. Two different embodiments of the method P are specified below by way of illustration.
[0075] In a first embodiment of the method P, the reception step E1 and the processing step E2 are implemented for each of a plurality of different temperature curves C1, C2, C3, C4 making it possible to obtain a plurality of extreme temperature response spectra (SRET), and the comparison step E3 consists of carrying out comparisons from at least two of these extreme temperature response spectra (SRET).
[0076] By way of illustration, two examples of implementation of this first embodiment are presented below.
[0077] For the first example, we refer to the temperature curves (or time curves) Cl and C2 of two cities named VI and V2, as shown in [Fig.5]. These temperature curves Cl and C2 are sampled hourly between 2010 and 2016, that is to say they include the values of the external temperatures measured respectively in cities VI and V2, each hour, and this from 2010 to 2016. The maximum temperature is 50°C for city VI and 47°C for city V2. The average diurnal amplitude is higher for city VI (8.2°C) than for city V2 (5.3°C).
[0078] [Fig.6] represents the extreme temperature response spectra (SRET) for cities VI and V2, obtained from the temperature curves Cl and C2. The extreme temperature response spectra (SRET) are represented by a solid line for city VI and by a dashed line for city V2.
[0079] For each city, three temperature curves (as a function of the characteristic time Tau) are represented, respectively, for different values of specific temperature parameter.
[0080] More precisely, [Fig.6] shows: - for city V1: • a TmaxlA curve determined for a specific temperature parameter corresponding to the maximum temperature; • a TmaxlB curve determined for a specific temperature parameter corresponding to 99% of the maximum temperature; and • a TmaxlC curve determined for a specific temperature parameter corresponding to 95% of the maximum temperature; - for city V2: • a Tmax2A curve determined for a specific temperature parameter corresponding to the maximum temperature; • a Tmax2B curve determined for a specific temperature parameter corresponding to 99% of the maximum temperature; and • a Tmax2C curve determined for a specific temperature parameter corresponding to 95% of the maximum temperature.
[0081] By carrying out a comparison of some of these extreme temperature response spectra (SRET) at the comparison step E3, it is observed, from the curves TmaxlA and Tmax2A, that for small equipment or material (TauclOh), city VI is more severe. On the other hand, for larger equipment or material (Tau >10h), for example a long-range thruster, city V2 is more severe.
[0082] Furthermore, it is also noted, from the curves TmaxlB and Tmax2B (99% of the maximum temperature), that the two cities VI and V2 are equivalent whatever the value of the characteristic time Tau (i.e. whatever the material).
[0083] For the second example, we refer to the temperature curves (or time curves) C3 and C4 of two cities named V3 and V4, as represented in [Fig.7]. These temperature curves C3 and C4 are sampled hourly, between 2010 and 2016, that is to say they include the values of the external temperatures measured respectively in cities V3 and V4, each hour, and this from 2010 to 2016. The maximum temperature is 40°C for city V3 and 37.7°C for city V4.
[0084] [Fig.8] shows the extreme temperature response spectra (ERTS) for cities V3 and V4, obtained from the temperature curves C3 and C4. The temperatures are shown as a solid line for city V3 and as dashed lines for city V4.
[0085] For each city, three temperature curves (as a function of the characteristic time Tau) are represented, respectively, for different values of specific temperature parameter.
[0086] More precisely, [Fig.8] shows: - for city V3: • a Tmax3A curve determined for a specific temperature parameter corresponding to the maximum temperature; • a Tmax3B curve determined for a specific temperature parameter corresponding to 99% of the maximum temperature; and • a Tmax3C curve determined for a specific temperature parameter corresponding to 95% of the maximum temperature; - for city V4: • a Tmax4A curve determined for a specific temperature parameter corresponding to the maximum temperature; • a Tmax4B curve determined for a specific temperature parameter corresponding to 99% of the maximum temperature; and • a Tmax4c curve determined for a specific temperature parameter corresponding to 95% of the maximum temperature.
[0087] By carrying out a comparison of some of these extreme temperature response spectra (SRET) at the comparison step E3, it can be seen, from the curves Tmax3A and Tmax4A, that, for any type of equipment or material (Tau<50h), city V3 is more severe than city V4 (with a temperature difference of 3°C on the maximum values).
[0088] Furthermore, it is also observed, from the Tmax3B and Tmax4B curves (99% of the maximum temperature) that, for small equipment or materials (Tau<5h), the two cities V3 and V4 are relatively equivalent. On the other hand, for large equipment or materials (Tau>10h), city V4 is more severe than city V3.
[0089] Thanks to this first embodiment (described above), it is possible to compare the effects on a given material or on several given materials of the temperatures, for several different temperature curves, that is to say for several different geographical locations (such as cities VI, V2, V3 and V4).
[0090] This makes it possible in particular to adapt the equipment to the thermal conditions to which it will be subjected in a given geographical location, for example a city with very high temperatures.
[0091] In a second embodiment of method P, as a variant or in addition to the first embodiment described previously: - processing step E2 is implemented for a plurality of different specific temperature parameters making it possible to obtain a plurality of extreme temperature response spectra (SRET), each of which is associated with a specific temperature parameter, such as for example the 3 curves TmaxlA, TmaxlB and TmaxlC of [Fig.6] for city VI which correspond, respectively, to the following specific temperature parameters: • the maximum temperature; • 99% of the maximum temperature; • 95% of the maximum temperature; and - comparison step E3 consists of making comparisons based on at least two of these extreme temperature response spectra (SRET).
[0092] Thanks to this second embodiment, a plurality of different specific temperature parameters are thus taken into account, which makes it possible to obtain a plurality of extreme temperature response spectra (SRET), highlighting different types of temperature, such as the maximum temperature to which the material will be subjected, but also other temperatures such as the minimum temperature, or percentages of the maximum or minimum temperature, which may be relevant for certain applications or in certain situations.
[0093] The above-mentioned first example of Figures 5 and 6 and the above-mentioned second example of Figures 7 and 8 (which, in addition to different geographical locations, generate extreme temperature response spectra (ERTS) for different specific temperature parameters) are also obtained, in part, from said second embodiment of the method P.
[0094] Device 1 and method P therefore use a "standard" model making it possible to compare the effect of temperature curves (or time curves) on a material for which the heat transfer function is not precisely known, namely the time required for the temperature to propagate from the outside to the heart of the material in question.
[0095] The device 1 and the method P, as described above, thus have many advantages. In particular: - the extreme temperature response spectra obtained provide an advantageous solution in the field of specifying thermal environments, and more particularly for extreme temperature environments; - they allow, for equipment currently in use, to determine the level of stress on this equipment; - they allow, above all, to design future equipment, as precisely as possible, to be able to withstand the thermal constraints to which it risks being subjected, that is to say to carry out a customization. Such a customization (to climatic environments in particular concerning extreme constraints) allows to dimension the equipment as well as possible to the thermal constraints, and this whatever the type of equipment; - they allow a design to be carried out as early as possible, adapted to real thermal conditions; - the process is applicable to a wide range of materials (equipment, missile, container, etc.) whose thermal behavior is not precisely known; and - the process can be implemented at low cost thanks to generally free access to temperature curves.
Claims
Claims
1. Method for determining and using a diagnostic tool comprising at least one extreme temperature response spectrum for a plurality of types of equipment, characterized in that it comprises at least the following steps: - a step (El) of receiving at least one temperature curve (Cl, C2, C3, C4), the temperature curve (Cl, C2, C3, C4) representing a variation in temperature as a function of time at a given geographical location; - a processing step (E2) comprising a series of successive sub-steps (E2A, E2B, E2C), said series being implemented iteratively for each of a plurality of N different values of a characteristic time Tau_i, N being an integer greater than 1 and i being an integer varying from 1 to N, the characteristic time Tau_i being associated with a given type of material (2A, 2B) and representative of the latter, said series of successive sub-steps comprising, for a given iteration: • a first sub-step (E2A) consisting of filtering said temperature curve (Cl, C2, C3, C4), using a first-order filter having as time constant said characteristic time Tau_i, so as to obtain a so-called modified curve; • a second sub-step (E2B) consisting of extracting from the modified curve thus obtained, a temperature value corresponding to a specific temperature parameter; and • a third sub-step (E2C) consisting of associating this extracted temperature value with the characteristic time Tau_i corresponding to the iteration, to form a pair of values, the pairs of values obtained at the end of the N iterations forming a set of pairs, said extreme temperature response spectrum comprising at least said set of pairs of values; and - a comparison step (E3) consisting of carrying out, from at least said extreme temperature response spectrum, comparisons to carry out at least one diagnosis.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the reception step (El) and the processing step (E2) are implemented for each of a plurality of different temperature curves (Cl, C2, C3, C4) allowing to obtain a plurality of extreme temperature response spectra and in that the comparison step (E3) consists of carrying out comparisons from at least two of these extreme temperature response spectra.
3. Method according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the processing step (E2) is implemented for a plurality of different specific temperature parameters making it possible to obtain a plurality of extreme temperature response spectra, each of which is associated with a specific temperature parameter, and in that the comparison step (E3) consists of carrying out comparisons from at least two of these extreme temperature response spectra.
4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the specific temperature parameter corresponds to a particular, non-zero percentage of a maximum or minimum temperature.
5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the specific temperature parameter corresponds to one of the following temperature values: - a percentage between 1% and 100% of the maximum temperature; - an average temperature; - a percentage between 1% and 100% of the minimum temperature.
6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second sub-step (E2B) of the processing step (E2) carries out the following operations: - sorting the temperatures of said modified curve in ascending order; and - identifying, in said sorting, the temperature value corresponding to the specific temperature parameter.
7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a preliminary step (E0) consisting of determining, for a plurality of different materials (2A, 2B), the associated minimum and maximum characteristic times.
8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that in the preliminary step (E0), the characteristic time associated with a material (2A, 2B), is obtained from of a so-called representative curve illustrating the temperature measured inside the material (2A, 2B) as a function of time, starting at the moment when said material (2A, 2B) which initially has an initial internal temperature Ti is subjected to a given external temperature Tf, and in that the characteristic time corresponds to one of the following times: - the time for the temperature measured inside the material (2A, 2B) to reach 63% of the temperature difference Tf-Ti between the external temperature Tf and the initial internal temperature Ti; - one third of the time for the temperature measured inside the material (2A, 2B) to reach 95% of the temperature difference Tf-Ti; - one fifth of the time for the temperature measured inside the material (2A, 2B) to reach 99% of the temperature difference Tf-Ti.
8. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature curve(s) (Cl, C2, C3, C4), received in the reception step (El), come from a public database.
9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said set of pairs of values is represented in the form of a curve.
10. Device for determining and using a diagnostic tool comprising at least one extreme temperature response spectrum for a plurality of types of equipment, characterized in that it comprises at least the following units: - a reception unit (8) configured to receive at least one temperature curve, the temperature curve (Cl, C2, C3, C4) representing a variation in temperature as a function of time at a given geographical location;- a processing unit (9) performing processing operations iteratively for each of a plurality of N different values of a characteristic time Tau_i, N being an integer greater than 1 and i being an integer varying from 1 to N, the characteristic time Tau_i being associated with a given type of material (2A, 2B) and representative of the latter, said processing unit comprising: • a first sub-unit (11) configured to filter said temperature curve (Cl, C2, C3, C4), using a first-order filter; having as time constant said characteristic time Tau_i, so as to obtain a so-called modified curve; • a second sub-unit (12) configured to extract from the modified curve thus determined, a temperature value corresponding to a specific temperature parameter; and • a third sub-unit (13) configured to associate this extracted temperature value with the characteristic time Tau_i corresponding to the iteration, to form a pair of values, the pairs of values obtained at the end of the N iterations forming a set of pairs of values, said extreme temperature response spectrum comprising at least said set of pairs of values; and - a comparison unit (10) configured to carry out, from at least said extreme temperature response spectrum, comparisons to carry out at least one diagnosis.
11. Method for assisting in adapting equipment to future thermal constraints, characterized in that it comprises at least the following operations: - carrying out a diagnosis relating to the equipment (2A, 2B) at one or more geographical locations at which it is expected to be used, by implementing the method (P) according to any one of claims 1 to 9 and by using a characteristic time associated with the type of said equipment (2A, 2B); and - a design of the equipment which is adapted to the result of this diagnosis.