Optical device that filters blue, green, yellow, and orange light, particularly for eyeglasses.

Abstract

Optical device filtering blue, green, yellow, and orange light, particularly for eyeglasses. Optical device, with or without visual correction, comprising at least one light-blocking device under standard transmittance study conditions (ISO 8980-3, ISO 12312-1:2013, ISO 12312-1, ISO 9050) and with a reference light source conforming to the white light standards defined by the International Commission on Illumination, such that: more than 76% of the light is blocked in the wavelength range of 380 to 500 nanometers or more than 41% of the light is blocked in the range of 500 to 650 nanometers. This filtering is achieved using a dielectric multilayer coating or at least one absorbing, reflective, or interfering material.The device is intended for use only during the physiological nighttime periods outside of the user's sleep, as defined in the description, and for numerous physiological benefits, also indicated in the description. Figure for the summary: Fig. 7.

Description

Title of the invention: OPTICAL DEVICE FILTERING BLUE, GREEN, YELLOW AND ORANGE LIGHT, PARTICULARLY FOR EYEGLASSES Background of the invention

[0001] Patents dealing with both blue light and spectacle lenses address the problem of artificial blue light in the lives of the population from the angle of eye strain and the dangerous photochemical potential of artificial blue light on the retina due to its high energy.

[0002] We begin the description of this invention with something that has remained constant for approximately 4.5 billion years, something that fascinates all human beings: sunrises and sunsets. They exist because the Earth rotates on its axis, which is inclined at 23.5° to the perpendicular to the plane of its orbit around the sun. The Earth's rotation around the sun also allows for the succession of seasons, depending on where we are on Earth.Between sunrise and sunset, that is, during the day, human exposure to natural light allows us to live, and the exposure of our food—plants, animals, and their products, in particular—to natural light allows us to consume their energy in the form of electrons charged with light energy, necessary for the functioning of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which ultimately leads to the formation of energy usable by human mitochondria: ATP. In other words, the energy of natural light is necessary for the simple existence of a food chain, not to mention its necessity for creating oxygen, all through the process of photosynthesis.

[0003] Thus, the alternation between sunrise and sunset, and the day in between, is a vital change. This daily change, as well as that of the seasons, is constant. It is not identical depending on the month of the year or our location on the planet, but it has been constant for 4.5 billion years. Living organisms have fully adapted to it, from the smallest microorganism (for example, green algae do indeed have a circadian rhythm) to the largest (for example, whales do indeed have a circadian rhythm), and in particular through the presence of non-visual photoreceptors shared by many species, some of which have been present for 500 million years, such as fish.

[0004] Humans, Homo sapiens, appeared on Earth probably 300,000 years ago and hominids (a family of primates including Homo sapiens but also great apes: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans, as well as extinct species such as Australopithecus and Paranthropus) probably 2 or 3 million years ago years. In any case, humans, and hominids more broadly, are not only a species that recently appeared and established itself on the planet, but have also always adapted to this constant change, to the Earth's rotation on its axis. Human adaptation to this is best reflected in the circadian rhythm that we, Homo sapiens, are governed by. We have also adapted to the Earth's rotation around the sun, and this is best reflected in the rhythm of the seasons that we are governed by. These two rhythms are orchestrated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus, measuring 1 to 3 mm, bilateral, located in the hypothalamus, in each hemisphere of our brain.The suprachiasmatic nucleus has multiple neural projections to vital structures in the brain (thalamus, pineal gland, intergeniculate leaflet, limbic system, pituitary gland), structures that dictate the health of neurotransmitters, hormones, and the entire complex harmony that makes human beings intelligent, resourceful, and creative creatures. The suprachiasmatic nucleus informs all the slave oscillators in every cell of our body whether it is time to function at full capacity or to rest. This is the circadian rhythm explained on a small scale, and it can be explained on an even smaller, molecular scale.

[0005] To return to rhythms, the regulation of these rhythms is done according to certain signals - external synchronizers -. If external synchronizers such as physical activity, social activities or diet contribute to the regulation of the biological clock of human beings, the synchronizer which is the most important according to all the work and international experts on the subject of sleep and circadian rhythm is the following: exposure to light.

[0006] This light, illuminating and sustaining hominids, was emitted solely by natural light sources for billions of years—the sun, and the faint glow of the moon and stars—then remained relatively natural with the discovery of fire by humankind—the beginning of the mastery of the night—rich in infrared radiation (heat), and “semi-natural” with the advent of oil lamps, candles, gas lamps, kerosene lamps, and then, the revolution, this time entirely artificial, of the incandescent lamp, whose most famous inventor demonstrated it in 1879, a mere handful of years ago compared to the millions of years we have just discussed. And, at this moment, so recent in the history of our humanity, humankind was truly preparing to conquer the night. Indeed, for the first time, the illumination of human life was not necessarily associated with a flame.The twentieth century was illuminated by this technology, the incandescent light bulb, which made it possible to build cars at night, work in offices at night, and enabled the mass industrialization of the world. Then the twentieth century also saw the creation of the first LEDs and fluorescent lamps, with their initial risks. inherent (use of mercury vapor for fluorescent lamps, lighting intensity, absence of heat emission, pulsed light for both).

[0007] In order to understand the following paragraph and this entire patent application, it is necessary to briefly describe the different types of light that we perceive from the sun but also, for certain wavelengths, from artificial light sources: - Between 250nm and 380nm are ultraviolet, invisible light. - Visible light, as perceived by the human eye, is found between 380nm and 780nm. Violet and blue light are found between 380nm and 500nm. Green and yellow light are found between 500nm and 650nm. Orange and red light are found between 650nm and 780nm. - Infrared light, associated with heat because it is absorbed by matter and converted into thermal energy, is found between 780nm and 1,000,000nm (1mm). To complete the electromagnetic spectrum, beyond 1 mm are microwaves and then radio waves. While below 250 nm are X-rays, then gamma rays.

[0008] Throughout this patent application, reference is made to ranges of values, particularly wavelengths. The expression "below the x values" means "within the range of wavelengths falling within a value less than x," the limit x being included in this expression. For example, "below 420 nm" corresponds to the range of light wavelengths between 250 nm (above which lies ultraviolet) and 420 nm, including these two values. In this patent application, we are only concerned with light, and not with the entire electromagnetic spectrum reaching us from celestial objects.

[0009] Furthermore, in this application, the wavelength ranges between a value x and y, including x and y within this range, are described as follows: xy nm. For example, “500-650nm” means: over the wavelength range between 500 and 650nm, including these limits.

[0010] In 1992, Japanese and American researchers (Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano, and Shuji Nakamura) developed a new variant of LEDs: blue LEDs. These offer a luminous efficacy twenty times greater than incandescent lamps, one hundred times greater than candles, and far greater than that of the moon and stars, the only source of nighttime lighting available to most of our ancestors. These blue LEDs emit a peak of blue light whose wavelength predominates between 441 and 570 nanometers (nm), particularly between 441 and 470 nm or 450-480 nm, and the emission of light by these sources is nonexistent below 440 nm, a crucial element in understanding the present invention, and which can be verified by any spectrometer indicating visible light. The peak of light emission, at 450-470nm as shown in [Fig. 3] and 4, presents On average, these LEDs emit four times more blue light than other colors (green, yellow, red), and this is compensated for by a yellow phosphor to produce a white light. The source of this light is entirely artificial; humans did not evolve with this type of light, and it is far removed from sunlight in both its nature and timing. Logically, its effects do not match the benefits of the sun. The benefits and perceived drawbacks of sunlight are discussed below. In any case, the visible result of these LEDs is typically the hyper-energetic, cold white of 21st-century car headlights, which cause dissatisfaction for many dazzled individuals, or of streetlights, subway station lighting, and bathroom lighting. But eyes are not only for seeing.This statement goes against all the ophthalmology taught to medical students worldwide, but it is true: the eye is not only used for seeing.

[0011] The aforementioned American and Japanese researchers were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2014, and the beginning of a colossal transformation of society began, a transformation to which society has already become technologically and routinely accustomed, but not physiologically. Screens stared at by people for hours on end, at all ages and at all hours, high-energy car headlights, restaurant lighting, streetlights, video advertisements in the street, neon lights in supermarkets and offices, lighting in nurseries, home lighting. These screens and lights allow us to connect, to stay active, to work without theoretical time limits (shift work), to drive cars, but humans are humans, Homo sapiens, a species, and not robots.Their effect is, unsurprisingly, to connect poorly, communicate poorly, and fail to reach one's true potential for activity, to sleep poorly, to recover poorly at night, to concentrate poorly, to be in a bad mood, to live poorly.

[0012] Incandescent lamps were connected to a direct current, emitted heat (infrared), and emitted a relatively continuous spectrum (i.e., “rich” and complete in different wavelengths) primarily concentrated on red colors and infrared light, in other words, relatively close to the light emitted by the sun – although inherently less ideal, and lit at a less favorable time than sunlight for humans, who should only have the sun, the moon, and the stars. These lamps are no longer used today due to a lack of efficiency, in other words, a lack of cost-effectiveness in terms of “light output” / energy cost, because energy was lost in the emission of heat (infrared).

[0013] Incandescent lamps are therefore logically being replaced today by two main sources: blue LEDs, invented by the three people mentioned above mentioned earlier, and fluorescent lamps. The blue LEDs, presented previously, correspond to a computer chip through which an alternating current passes, emitting pulsed light (switching from 0% to 100% on average 120 times per second, 120 Hertz), highly concentrated in the blue range, with a discontinuous spectrum varying according to the emission source (the main differences between lighting and screens are shown in [Fig. 3] and 4), non-thermal (without infrared), i.e., “cold,” and particularly energy-efficient. Fluorescent lamps (mainly neon and Compact Fluorescent Light) also emit pulsed light (between 20,000 and 60,000 Hertz today), with emission peaks in different colors, always only visible and non-thermal—unlike the sun—and particularly energy-efficient.

[0014] Haitz's Law states that every decade, the cost per lumen (a unit of useful light emitted) decreases tenfold, and the amount of light generated per LED pack increases twentyfold. This law has even been "exceeded" by some companies, such as Philips in 2017. Philips Lighting began offering consumer LED lamps with an efficiency of 200 lm / W in Dubai using LED filament technology, three years before Haitz's Law predicted. But this rapidly increasing energy efficiency comes at a cost: human lives.

[0015] Artificial light is neither intrinsically identical to natural light (quality of photons, wavelengths emitted, presence or absence of heat, direct or alternating current, synergy or not between wavelengths), nor emitted at the same times, nor emitted with the same angles of incidence, nor emitted with the same energy.

[0016] However, human physiology, particularly retinal physiology, does not evolve at the same rate that could be described by a law similar to Haitz's. We have the same retina as our ancestors 300,000 years ago.

[0017] As the inventor of the present invention, and as an advocate of the beauty and utility of new technologies, I believe that the societal change brought about by LED and fluorescent lamp technology has been detrimental to human physiology.

[0018] Internal physiology begins with its circadian rhythm, but is complemented, on the one hand, by all the chemical, physical, and instinctive processes made possible by respecting this constant change: the alternation between true day and true night—dark—and, on the other hand, dictated by all the processes made possible by the exposure of human skin, mucous membranes, the integumentary system, and the eyes to natural light. Although this light may seem more subtle than food or physical touch, our internal physiology is directly affected by light. The material nature of light was demonstrated during the discovery of the phenomenon of duality. Wave-particle duality, studied by Thomas Young, Max Planck, and later Albert Einstein. For example, Albert Einstein demonstrated the photoelectric effect, which indicates that when a photon is directed at a metallic surface, the surface can emit electrons (if the photon had sufficient energy), thus confirming the corpuscular (material) nature of the photon. A photon has mass; a photon is matter. Humans perceive this, but for the moment, they still only conceive of it as a wave of little real importance, even though they have evolved alongside it, or even as dangerous, in the case of solar radiation.

[0019] The internal physiology of the human being begins with a more external chemistry, a surface chemistry: that of the interfaces of humans with light in large part, which is the subject of this document, but also, in particular, with electrons and, more broadly, the atoms of the Earth. To summarize, our two interfaces with light are our skin (and by extension, the mucous membranes and the entire integumentary system), an organ whose functions have been demonstrated to go far beyond those of a physical barrier with the environment, and the eyes, organs whose functions have been demonstrated to go far beyond that of visual perception, the main features of which we outline in this document. The present invention relates primarily to the physiology that depends on the eyes, that is to say, the entire functioning of the human being, even if these eyes are closed or blind.

[0020] Beyond the rhythm of the seasons and the circadian rhythm dependent on light and darkness, it is necessary to describe a tiny part of the many biological processes enabled by the exposure of either the skin or the eyes to natural light. This is presented in [Fig.2].

[0021] First, it is important to reiterate that light is commonly divided into the following, in ascending order of wavelength: ultraviolet (invisible light, from 250 to 380 nm), visible light ranging from violet to red (between 380 nm and 780 nm), and infrared (light invisible to the human eye, beyond 780 nm). Ultraviolet and infrared radiation are indeed emitted by the sun and represent more than half of the light emitted by the sun, but are invisible to the human eye. However, the fact that humans cannot perceive them through the visual functions of their retinas does not preclude the possibility that ultraviolet and infrared radiation have vital functions for humans. If they are emitted, there is a reason for it: living organisms need them, and we will demonstrate this here.

[0022] Ultraviolet light is absorbed by the peptide bonds of all proteins constituting the human body, at specific wavelengths. Without this absorption, proteins cannot be properly hydrated. Each protein in our body absorbs light with a certain specificity; otherwise, it does not reach an optimal conformation or cannot transform into another protein. For example, the eyes contain many aromatic amino acids (tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, histidine). These contain a benzene ring with a conjugated IR system that absorbs each wavelength of ultraviolet light so that these amino acids can be transformed into vital neurotransmitters and hormones through the action of specific enzymes (for example: tyrosine into dopamine, tyrosine into melanin, tyrosine into thyroid hormones, tryptophan into serotonin and then into melatonin). This is shown in [Fig. 2].According to Arturo Solis Herrera, melanin is not merely a molecule with antioxidant protective functions in the skin (the function to which we usually restrict melanin), as the scientific community tends to confine it; it is also crucial for energy production in our body, the dissociation of our water molecules, neuroprotection, eye color (melanin in the iris) and their ability to use the sun's energy without harm (melanin in the retinal pigment epithelium), as well as protecting the skin against excessive damage to the DNA of skin cells when there is insufficient synthesis of this molecule (melanin above the nuclei of keratinocytes). We refer to the book *Melanin, the Master Molecule*, by Arturo Solis Herrera.

[0023] Ultraviolet radiation is known to be dangerous, but humans are the only species that get sunburned, because they are the only ones that have voluntarily decoupled themselves from their circadian rhythm and deprived themselves of their ability to use ultraviolet radiation to live. Here is an example of a vital process enabled by ultraviolet radiation in human life. Ultraviolet radiation is absorbed by the cell membrane of keratinocytes, composed of 7-dehydrocholesterol, in the epidermis of the skin to form 7-dehydrocholesterol-ergocalciferol. This, under the influence of heat from the sun, is transformed into cholecalciferol: vitamin D3, a key hormone with numerous and essential properties, including: calcium and phosphate metabolism, immune system support, cardiovascular health, neuroprotection against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, muscle function, and bone and dental health. According to the work of Dr. Jack Kruse, ultraviolet radiation is also important for the synthesis of pro-opiomelanocortin, a neuropeptide that enables the creation of ACTH (which regulates stress, metabolism, the immune system, and other functions), lipotropin (which also regulates metabolism), and endorphins.But ultraviolet rays suffer from a negative image, being considered carcinogenic or accelerating cellular aging under artificial lighting conditions and on cells or subjects unaccustomed to the sun, which is used to sell creams or glasses that block natural light.

[0024] We have mentioned a small part of the light, the ultraviolet, invisible to our eye, and can now address the visible light, that which makes up the colors we see in a rainbow, from violet to red.

[0025] Natural blue light and natural green light, fully transmitted only when we are outside and with uncovered interfaces (eyes without glasses with specific treatment, skin without clothes or sunscreen), allows us to regulate our circadian rhythm (mainly but not exclusively by blue), to participate in the beginning of the morning synthesis of cortisol upon waking, to perceive the nuances of green (by the cones, photoreceptors in the retina), for example.

[0026] Natural red light and infrared light, particularly abundant at sunrise and sunset, but not absent at midday or completely absent on a bad weather day (on the contrary, they are much more present than when a person is indoors), play a significant role in wound healing, pain management (analgesic), and increasing mitochondrial function. Mitochondria are the powerhouses present in the majority of our cells, performing the reverse of photosynthesis to allow us to use glucose, oxygen, and light to create the energy necessary for the functioning of the body's cells. There are between 300 and 1500 per cell. Mitochondria also create the water necessary for our cellular function, which hydrates all our proteins.They create the free electrons that allow all the biochemical processes in our cells to take place. In fact, mitochondria perform the exact opposite of photosynthesis, creating a virtuous cycle. And they need infrared radiation, a fact supported by numerous scientific sources, particularly the work of the most renowned professor in the field of mitochondrial research: Professor Douglas Wallace. Infrared radiation is also essential for the health of the hair follicle cycle, especially for hair (combating alopecia by increasing the anagen phase and reducing the catagen phase of the hair cycle), and essential for the synthesis of intramitochondrial melatonin, which has an antioxidant function to rid mitochondria of reactive oxygen species (ROS) created by artificial light and, more generally, by a pro-oxidant lifestyle.

[0027] Without injunctively ordering the population to return to the ancestral bases of life in nature, within a tribe of 150 people, naturist, without recent technology, here is nevertheless a deliberately incomplete and succinct overview of what natural light allows our life as human beings.

[0028] In summary, this is why the inhabitants of large cities dream of the month of July.

[0029] People living in large cities with tall buildings that block the sun, who spend most of their day indoors (offices, homes) or who protect themselves from light in any form (in front of their eyes, on their skin), do not benefit from natural light and lose their habit of experiencing it. Taking the example of energy-efficient windows, these people do not benefit from ultraviolet radiation or, to varying degrees, infrared radiation, and experience a significant reduction in the visible light spectrum. Indeed, these windows reflect vital light away from buildings and homes. The problem is exacerbated in places without natural light during the day (subways, tunnels, shopping malls), where the natural visible light spectrum is also absent.All of this stemmed from an observation based on a recent, erroneous, modern belief that overlooks the tens of thousands of generations who came before us: that the only light important to human beings is the light we see. However, we briefly glimpsed that invisible light (ultraviolet, infrared) can be important for human health. We saw that the nature of the light source—natural versus artificial—can be significant: living two weeks in a subway station without ever leaving it does not have the same benefits as living two weeks connected to the sun and the Earth in the mountains or by the sea, for example.

[0030] Now, we must briefly describe the dangers attributed to natural light, and in particular to natural blue light, or even ultraviolet light. Because, only since the twentieth century have our industries been selling sunglasses (since 1936, to “protect” aviators from the sun, aviators who are not representative of the lifestyle of 99.99% of the population), sunscreen (since 1936 thanks to Eugène Schueller, 1936 also being the date of the first paid holidays in France), even though human beings have existed for more than 90 years, and since the twenty-first century companies in the optical industry have been selling “anti-blue light glasses” to be worn during the day even though a lens cannot distinguish between a natural photon and an artificial photon.In all cases, society "protects itself" from natural light, including blue, and is not very concerned about artificial light, which also includes blue. These nascent industries promote the high energy of ultraviolet radiation using the Einstein-Planck equation, attributing a harmful character to energetic light without considering the crucial elements we address in this request. If this energetic light is inherently so, perhaps there is a reason. Just as, for example, the energy required to make a metallic surface emit electrons. Indeed, the energy of light is necessary for the conformational change of electrons. Human proteins require it for the conversion of one precursor into another protein. However, pseudo-scientific studies suggest the unlimited dangers of light, and to demonstrate this, they use numerous biases, such as relying solely on artificial ultraviolet light, most often from man-made light sources rather than the sun, and frequently only explaining an extreme part of the spectrum of what needs to be said reasonably.

[0031] Let's describe this. When a human being goes to the gym to bench press 100 kg, it's best if they've trained for it, otherwise they risk tearing their pectoralis major muscle. The bench press is therefore potentially dangerous, and this is easy to prove by highlighting the association between bench pressing 100 kg and tearing the pectoralis major. However, the bench press creates men and women who are strong both physically and mentally, although this metaphor is not the only factor. The message is simple: fear and comfort hinder the progress made possible by daring, by resistance, by effort, in Nature. And we live in a modern society where fear and comfort are so prevalent that we end up blaming the sun for something that recent inventions (and especially our modern lifestyle) create.There is no control group when we talk about light exposure: everyone is exposed to it, simply in different quantities and with a slightly different constitution (haplotype), but everyone is exposed to such an extent that we end up forgetting its benefits.

[0032] Being shielded from the full spectrum of natural daylight (by placing a building, a wall, or a window between us and the sun, regardless of whether it's cloudy) prevents the body from adapting to receiving this radiation as our ancestors did. Consequently, the synthesis of all the hormones, molecules, and neurotransmitters described above and below—those that depend on the retinal perception of light, which is to say, all of them—is disrupted. Melatonin, dopamine, serotonin, lipotropin, pro-opiomelanocortin, melanin, beta-endorphin, vitamin D3... We will describe them.

[0033] And so, worse still, when the body is finally exposed to it episodically and often intensely (for example, a seven-day beach vacation), then experiencing a full mitochondrial and instinctive need for natural light, to put it simply, the body has not built up the necessary resources (notably melanin, but probably other compounds) to skillfully use its energy. And this is the tearing of the pectoralis major muscle. And it is this tearing of the pectoralis major that is described as dangerous, rightly so if one takes things literally and not in their natural entirety, in the majority of current scientific discourse. In other words, the real risks of overexposure to ultraviolet radiation, in particular, then become apparent. Indeed, when the body is not trained to take advantage of these elements, when it is exposed to them after having been previously desensitized: sunburn, burns, premature skin aging, and skin cancers. Today, cancers.

[0034] For example, this study, which uses global data and a representative and broad demographic (all ages, phototypes, in particular), indicates that it did not find an association between the development of melanomas and the exposure of subjects to UVB, but indicates an association between the development of melanomas and a vitamin D deficiency.

[0035] As another example, this study suggests a protective relationship between exposure to solar ultraviolet (UVR) radiation and the development of breast cancer: Hiller et al., Environmental Health Perspectives, Volume 128 • Issue 1 • January 2020, PubMed: 31903801.

[0036] Let us return to the eyes and the nervous system, which are necessary for understanding the invention. Today, global statistics indicate an increase in cases of myopia, eye strain, migraines, insomnia, and cancer. These statistics often fail to specify the other biological implications of the visual and non-visual retinal systems that originate in the eyes. Furthermore, faced with these increases in cases, one of the primary causal factors of which has been suggested to be modern artificial light (LEDs, fluorescent lamps), pseudo-solutions, seemingly competing with the invention presented here, have been devised.

[0037] Before returning to the aforementioned pseudo-solutions concerning the developed spectacle lenses, pseudo-solutions designated under the generic term “anti-blue light lenses” today by opticians, let us simply describe an anatomical and physiological aspect of the human eye: the retina.

[0038] The retina, at the back of the eye, is considered by all neurologists, neuroscientists, and ophthalmologists to be an extension of the brain. Without going into detail about its vascular tunic—the choroid, which provides it with abundant oxygen and defines the retina as a highly oxidizable environment—the retina is divided into the pigmentary retina, of epithelial embryological origin, comprising the retinal pigment epithelium, and the neurosensory retina, of neural embryological origin, comprising photoreceptors—cones and rods—that enable vision, as well as numerous neurons (bipolar cells, ganglion cells, among others). The retina contains neurons.Among these ganglion cells, present in this neurosensory retina, approximately 1% are crucial cells in terms of our physiology, although few in number, enabling all retinal processes but not participating, or only minimally, in the formation of visual images: these are the intrinsically photosensitive ganglion cells – ipRGCs. These cells are... These cells are crucial for understanding light-related problems and solutions, primarily due to their presence in the eyes. Their photopigment, the protein melanopsin, is non-visual and is also expressed by melanocytes in the skin. ipRGCs are neurons with known projections to memory centers, emotion centers, the somatosensory cortex (migraines), the suprachiasmatic nucleus (biological clock), the intergeniculate leaflet (also a biological clock), which is itself linked to the suprachiasmatic nucleus, and the pretectal nucleus (pupillary light reflex) (Ecker JL, Dumitrescu ON, Wong KY, Alam NM, Chen SK, LeGates T, et al. (July 2010). "Melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion-cell photoreceptors: cellular diversity and role in pattern vision". Neuron. 67 (1): 49-60. doi:10.1016 / j.neuron.2010.05.023. PMC 2904318. PMID 20624591), although other connections may be discovered. after the drafting of this document..

[0039] In 1991, Russell G. Foster and his colleagues, including Ignacio Provencio, showed that rods and cones were not necessary for photo-entrainment, i.e. the training of the circadian rhythm, nor for the regulation of melatonin secretion by the pineal gland, using rod and cone knockout mice. Subsequent work by Provencio and colleagues showed that this response to light was mediated by the photopigment melanopsin, present in the retinal ganglion cell layer (ipRGCs) (Provencio I, Rodriguez IR, Jiang G, Hayes WP, Moreira EF, Rollag MD (January 2000). "A novel human opsin in the inner retina". The Journal of Neuroscience. 20 (2): 600-5. doi:10.1523 / jneurosci.20-02-00600.2000. PMC 6772411. PMID 10632589).

[0040] In 2005, Panda, Melyan, Qiu and colleagues demonstrated that the melanopsin photopigment was the phototransduction pigment in ganglion cells (Panda S, Nayak SK, Campo B, Walker JR, Hogenesch JB, Jegla T (January 2005). "Illumination of the melanopsin signaling pathway". Science. 307 (5709): 600-4. :2005Sci...307..600P. doi:10.1126 / science.H05121. PMID 15681390. S2CID 22713904.). Dennis Dacey and colleagues showed in a monkey species that melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells project to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) (Dacey DM, Liao HW, Peterson BB, Robinson FR, Smith VC, Pokorny J, et al. (February 2005). "Melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells in primate retina signal colour and irradiance and project to the LGN". Nature. 433 (7027): 749-54.:2005Natur.433..749D. doi:10.1038 / nature03387. PMID 15716953. S2CID 4401722).Previously, only projections to the midbrain (pretectal nucleus) and the hypothalamus (suprachiasmatic nuclei, SCN) had been demonstrated.

[0041] In 2007, Zaidi et al. demonstrated that individuals without rods or cones retain normal responses to the non-visual effects of light. They identified retinal ganglion cells function as the responsible photoreceptors, even in the absence of rods and cones. These patients, despite the loss of classic photoreceptor functions, maintain normal circadian and pupillary responses, as well as melanopsin-related light sensitivity ((Zaidi FH, Hull JT, Peirson SN, Wulff K, Aeschbach D, Gooley JJ, et al. (December 2007). "Short-wavelength light sensitivity of circadian, pupillary, and visual awareness in humans lacking an outer retina")).

[0042] The axons of these ipRGCs innervate brain regions involved in object recognition, including the superior colliculus and the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (Ecker JL, Dumitrescu ON, Wong KY, Alam NM, Chen SK, LeGates T, et al. (July 2010). "Melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion-cell photoreceptors: cellular diversity and role in pattern vision").

[0043] For a proper understanding of this invention, it is crucial to focus more on melanopsin, the protein expressed by ipRGCs and melanocytes. According to in vitro experimental data, melanocytes become tumorous when their melanopsin production cycle is disrupted by a melanopsin knockout gene, that is, by extrapolation, when melanocytes are not exposed to the correct range of light at the correct time.

[0044] A notable study was conducted by Noseda et al. (2010), (Noseda, R., Schulte, LH, & Borsook, D. (2010). "Stimulation of melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells increases light sensitivity in migraineurs." Journal of Neuroscience, 30(28), 10025-10036. doi:10.1523 / JNEUROSCI.1172-10.2010) and demonstrated that stimulation of melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells exacerbates light sensitivity in migraine sufferers, even in the absence of migraine-related pain. This study suggests that the melanopsin-activated photic pathway is directly involved in migraine attacks.

[0045] Furthermore, a study by Berson et al. (Berson, DM, Dunn, FA, & Takao, M. (2018). "Photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells: The role of melanopsin in circadian rhythms and migraine." NeuroReport, 29(10), 875-880. doi:10.1097 / WNR.0000000000001057.) highlighted that these photoreceptor ganglion cells are connected to brain regions involved in pain processing and migraine mechanisms. This link could explain why people with migraines experience increased sensitivity to certain wavelengths of light, particularly blue light.

[0046] In this patent application, although they are crucial, we do not describe other non-visual photopigments, present in living beings for hundreds of millions of years and shared among them, such as: encephalopsin (promoting cognitive functions), neuropsin (enabling living beings to be sensitive to ultraviolet), peropsin (which has the same functions as neuropsin), and GPRC6A (which allows living beings to capture visible light) are all subjects that require further study. All these proteins are found in the retinohypothalamic tract, which connects the retina to the hypothalamus, thus linking the perception of light (or darkness) to the physiological functions of humans (appetite, biological clock, temperature regulation, thirst, etc.).

[0047] Neurons dictate our physiology. For example, neurons enable the synthesis of our neurotransmitters, which govern our emotions, reactions, behavior, and instincts. They also dictate the synthesis of neuropeptides and hormones that impact the endocrine glands—for example, the synthesis of sex hormones. Neurons integrate sensory information, enable our cognitive functions, and dictate muscle contraction and overall physiological functioning. Furthermore, ipRGCs play a major role in this process, as this scientific review highlights.These ipRGCs, when they perceive light upon waking, start the timer that allows each human being to be active, focused, calm, and disciplined to fulfill their waking-related functions for 12 to 16 hours, and then determines their desire to sleep 12 to 16 hours later, depending on their exposure to light and their respect for the restorative darkness with which humankind evolved. The ipRGCs regulate our biological clock. And when they do not perceive light, that is, when it is dark, they do not synthesize their photopigment—melanopsin—which has the effect of signaling to the pineal gland the need to secrete melatonin (Ecker JL, Dumitrescu ON, Wong KY, Alam NM, Chen SK, LeGates T, et al. (July 2010). "Melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion-cell photoreceptors: cellular diversity and role in pattern vision." Neuron. 67 (1): 49–60. doi:10.1016 / j.neuron.2010.05.023. PMC 2904318. PMID 20624591).Melatonin, the sleep hormone, regulates other aspects of our physiology besides sleep: the immune system, insulin sensitivity, digestion, fertility, hormones, the fight against oxidative stress, neuronal repair, and more. It is a quintessential antioxidant hormone, essential for our entire body to regenerate at night, never during the day. Intrauterine growth hormone receptors (iGGRs) may be more sensitive to light after we have been awake for 12 to 16 hours, as they physiologically "don't want" to perceive light at this time, generally after sunset if we have a well-established circadian rhythm. The presence of light, from any source, after sunset prevents us from falling asleep, staying asleep, falling back asleep after waking up during the night, and feeling well the next day. If this light is extremely energetic, the effect is even greater. For comparison, consider the light reflected by the moon. and emitted by stars is negligible (0.51ux), unlike current artificial sources (between 400 and 4000 lux on average).

[0048] ipRGCs are involved in pain control (Michael Tri H. Do, PMID: 31647894).

[0049] Now, these ipRGCs, which serve almost “only” to perceive light (or darkness), to summarize their function, have a peak sensitivity. They are much more sensitive to a certain type of light, that is, to a specific color, i.e., to a specific wavelength range. ipRGCs have a demonstrated peak sensitivity at 460 nm (463 nm) or 470 nm depending on the source, which corresponds to blue light (Lockley SW, Brainard GC, Czeisler CA (September 2003). "High sensitivity of the human circadian melatonin rhythm to resetting by short wavelength light". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 88 (9): 4502-5. doi: 10.1210 / jc.2003-030570. PMID 12970330).

[0050] Other studies suggest a wavelength around 478 nm. According to this study, a mouse cell line that is not normally photosensitive, Neuro-2a, is made sensitive to light by the addition of human melanopsin. The photoresponse is selectively sensitive to short-wavelength light (absorption peak -479 nm) (Bailes HJ, Lucas RJ (May 2013). "Human melanopsin forms a pigment maximally sensitive to blue light (Xmax ~ 479 nm) supporting activation of G(q / ll) and G(i / o) signalling cascades". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 280 (1759): 20122987. doi:10.1098 / rspb.2012.2987. PMC 3619500. PMID 23554393.)

[0051] The peak sensitivity of ipRGCs and their melanopsin may explain many physiological and behavioral reactions in our lives. This may be why a blue sky makes people alert and in a good mood, why it is currently believed that the circadian rhythm depends on this wavelength range, but it is also why artificial light sources intensely disrupt this circadian rhythm when emitted at times inopportune to our physiology, and from a source different in every way from that of the sun.Indeed, this peak sensitivity of ipRGCs, between 450 and 480 nm, also happens to be the peak emission of all current artificial light sources (between 450 and 470 nm), which is easily demonstrable using a spectrometer and indicated in databases referencing the wavelengths emitted by artificial light sources. This cannot be demonstrated in this application as it is done via video. ipRGCs also remain sensitive to ultraviolet light.

[0052] The ipRGCs remain complex neurons and thus are probably not exclusively sensitive to this blue wavelength range (in other words, green, yellow, and red light are also interpreted by the eye to regulate the rhythm circadian, for example, which may lead to a synergistic solution of blocking artificial light at the right time and with a good blocking ratio). ipRGCs are probably not involved in non-visual retinal pathways (in other words, they also integrate visual messages from cones and rods).

[0053] Now, knowing this data, a modern belief has emerged, which we will now explain. This belief has been that blue light must be blocked in all cases. Blocking it, without considering the deeper physiology of human beings, without truly considering the wavelengths that allow humans to live, and without considering the timing of our circadian rhythm, without considering the source (natural or artificial) of the light, and blocking it by wearing glasses over our eyes, making this “protection” non-adjustable according to lighting conditions: either we wear our glasses, or we don't. But a lens can never distinguish between a photon of natural origin (sunlight) and a photon of artificial origin (LED).

[0054] Here is an overview of the consequences of the errors produced by these pseudo-solutions, which can easily be demonstrated on video using a spectrometer. The first point to address is their clinical ineffectiveness. These pseudo-solutions are, according to the patents filed, for example patent EP4163707A1, completely ineffective on artificial light sources (see: inventive features of the invention: effectiveness on relevant wavelengths).The pseudo-solutions, representing the majority of patents filed to date concerning blue light, block light below 410-420nm only, very rarely below 440nm, and never at 450-480nm, generally under the pretext of the "harmfulness" of these wavelength ranges below 440nm (a flawed, not to say absurd, argument; a wave emitted by the sun below 440nm is absolutely vital for humans and all living things on Earth), and also under the pretext of the "benefits" of the wavelength range above 450nm (a claim that greatly reduces a broad view of pragmatic and scientific reality). To say that one wavelength is good and another is bad, without distinguishing its natural or artificial origin, without seeing the big picture, is like saying that magnesium in our water is dangerous because one ion can be dangerous.But most importantly, we have indicated the true wavelength of the peak blue light from current artificial light sources: it is 460nm on average; it is not below 440nm.

[0055] These patented pseudo-solutions, which do not block the correct wavelengths and do so indiscriminately during the day and night, are 100% ineffective and are referenced as follows:

[0056] Patents proposing solutions that do not block the light emitted by current artificial light sources: EP3997513A1, ZEISS CARL VISION INT GMBH, blocking light almost exclusively below 400nm, including blocking ultraviolet light. CA3038077A1, HOYA LENS THAILAND LTD, blocking 21% of light between 380 and 500nm but concentrating the true efficiency below 450nm and not between 450 and 500nm, and including the blocking of ultraviolet light. CA3038083A1, HOYA LENS THAILAND LTD, blocking 35% of light between 380 and 500nm but concentrating the true efficiency below 450nm and not between 450 and 500nm, and including the blocking of ultraviolet light. - CA2873597A1, ESSILOR INT, blocking almost all light below 450nm, including ultraviolet light EP3438729A1, HOYA LENS THAILAND LTD, blocking light almost exclusively below 430nm, including ultraviolet light CA3017363A1, YOUNGER MFG CO DBA YOUNGER OPTICS, blocking light almost exclusively below 430nm, including ultraviolet light FR2891370A1, YAMAMOTO KOGAKU, blocking light preferentially between 380 and 500nm (see figure below). FR3139206A3, inventors HSIAO-CHUN CHEN and SHENG-HUNG WEI, applicants JAS ALLIANCE INTERNATIONAL CO, LTD., indicate blocking blue light using a sheet that can be placed on LEDs, without specifying the wavelengths blocked or providing spectral performance data, while stating that the blue light blocking sheet does not alter color rendering. This would not be possible if the invention of this patent FR3139206A3 effectively blocked wavelengths from 440 to 500 nm. When light is blocked by more than 30% by an optical article between wavelengths of 440 and 500 nm, said optical article necessarily alters the rendered colors.

[0057] For exceptional cases of these proposed pseudo-solutions, they could, under appropriate use not described in their patent, indicate slight effectiveness against artificial light sources (approximately 20% to 40% blue light blocking effectiveness over the entire relevant range 450-470nm, beyond, i.e., more than, 450nm - FR2891370A1). But in the case of this application, they are described and used as “glasses against the sun,” in other words, for the opposite purpose. their real physiological relevance, which would be to use them against artificial light.

[0058] The second point to address concerning these pseudo-solutions is their danger to people's daily lives. Marcus Aurelius pointed out that one is more often unjust by omission than by action. By failing to precisely describe the timing of use of these solutions, by leading people to believe that the only enemy is the blue light from screens, by forgetting that the sun illuminates us during the day, the result is debilitating and dangerous. Optical professionals who sell or reseller these pseudo-solutions are led to advise customers to wear them during the day and in the evening, under the pretext of being in front of a screen, and in all cases, to make no temporal distinction based on the fact that, physiologically, their customers are supposed to be exposed to light at certain times and to darkness at others.In addition to being ineffective, this makes these pseudo-solutions harmful to health, debilitating, or even dangerous, and for a simple reason. Blocking light below 420nm all day instead of blocking it at the right time and on the peak sensitivity of ipRGCs and emission from artificial light sources - gives this problematic result: .

[0059] They effectively block light below 410-420nm.

[0060] Now, the Earth rotates on its own axis. There is an alternation between day and night, and, in doing so, daylight, including blue and ultraviolet, reaches our eyes just as it reached those of our ancestors 2 million years ago. This natural blue light (between 380 and 420nm), and these natural ultraviolet rays (between 250 and 380 nm), actively participate in the synchronization of our circadian rhythm and, concerning ultraviolet rays, they are absorbed by aromatic amino acids (tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, histidine), allowing the synthesis of, among other things, dopamine, melanin, serotonin, pro-opiomelanocortin, [3-endorphin], melatonin as a product of serotonin, and this is only a neuroscientific overview, a reminder of the need to expose the eyes, moderately but progressively and more than people are currently used to, to ultraviolet rays.This does not describe all the physiological phenomena conditioned by our exposure to ultraviolet light, nor does it describe the physiological phenomena conditioned by our exposure to the 380-420nm wavelength range (violet light). By wearing glasses during the day that block blue wavelengths below 410-420nm and below 380nm, corresponding to ultraviolet light, humans deprive themselves of what allows them to function properly through their eyes and all the processes stemming from this perception of the full light spectrum when outdoors. To illustrate, it's as if they were choosing to place slightly yellowish clouds (and even then, unfortunately, far more effective than clouds) in front of their eyes all day long, instead of enjoying a blue sky. summer. The same mistake is made regarding brands of blue light blocking glasses that offer their customers lenses that block light during the day.

[0061] Patent CA2873597A1 indicates that the choice to block light below 460nm and not beyond (in the green, yellow, or even orange range) is due to the fact that there is light described as “harmful to the eyes” (potentially inducing retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration), said light being below 460nm, and light said to be beneficial to the circadian rhythm (around 460nm). This is a simplistic argument, on the one hand reducing the probable synergy between wavelengths, the angle of incidence of light in our eyes, and the duration of light exposure, but also omitting the vital aspect of the penetration of the entire light spectrum into the eyes. But the adage is well known: the dose and the constitution make the poison. Indeed, it seems to be suggested by the scientific literature (Algvere PV et al., Age-Related Maculopathy and the Impact of the Blue Light Hazard, Acta Ophthalmo. Scand.(Vol. 84, pp. 4-15, 2006) that the accumulation of blue light on retinal cells, such as in the retinal pigment epithelium, induces an accumulation of lipofuscin – a brownish pigment that can be described in layman's terms as an indicator of cell aging due to the accumulation of oxidative stress. However, the suggestion of this study is an extreme viewpoint, using artificial rather than natural light on cells deprived of their natural light environment and therefore unable to defend themselves properly.

[0062] With simple observation, it is quite obvious that people are better off in summer than in winter. People are happier, more enthusiastic, more focused, more disciplined, calmer, and healthier when they look at the sky, when they dare to expose themselves to the sun a little because they are finally no longer cold (managing the cold is a whole other subject, completely out of whack in our society today). A person living in an area with four seasons and a harsh winter could remain healthy thanks to the cold, but we disconnect ourselves from our temperature rhythms (wearing clothes that are too warm in autumn and spring, using radiators that are too hot, and air conditioning in summer), disrupting our mitochondrial health; this is why the Wim Hof ​​Method works, because mitochondria generate heat when they function thanks to the cold.

[0063] In other words, people feel better when exposed to sunlight compared to winter (seasonal depression, among other things) or very gray weather, and when people, in short, perceive natural blue light and ultraviolet during the day. It is also obvious that our ancestors of 2 million years ago, until the development of these pseudo-solutions, perceived ultraviolet and light below 410nm, and that we only decided about ten years ago to remove them. of our lives under the pretext of another invention: screens and, more generally, blue LEDs and fluorescent lamps. Increasingly, scientific theories supporting crucial aspects, stemming from common sense and historical and contemporary observation, are being introduced, and especially supplemented with subatomic, molecular, and cellular explanations by Professors Jack Kruse, Satchin Panda, Douglas Wallace, Alexander Wunsch, and Michael Holick.To think that there is a specific, well-defined limit present at a precise wavelength (approximately 450nm, according to the aforementioned patent and the technologies of the so-called pseudo-solutions), a limit beyond which light is more dangerous than another under the pretext that it is more energetic (the Einstein-Planck relation, which must be considered, but which must be considered differently from the simplistic reasoning that omits that the sky is also blue at 400nm or that a rainbow does indeed have blue and violet and that these are not a priori harmful to us, human beings if we are prepared for them), and to think that we must totally exclude this light from our days, amounts to the same reasoning as removing the magnesium present in our natural mineral spring water under the pretext that hypermagnesemia has been proven to potentially induce heart rhythm disorders.This is the same reasoning as avoiding physical exercise because it can cause muscle tears or heart attacks. I think this pseudo-demonstration of supposedly harmful and beneficial light based on wavelength, rather than on time (necessary darkness versus necessary natural light) or source (natural versus artificial), serves primarily commercial ends, not public health. Indeed, the modern world spends its days in front of screens; perhaps some companies believe it's wise to sell them glasses that are supposed to protect them (but don't), and the harmful effects are only subtly visible.It's possible that these companies are disconnected from our human nature, and that the people in these companies lead an urban, industrial lifestyle, a new phenomenon in human history since the rural exodus of 1850 and the Industrial Revolution of the twentieth century. It's possible that those who accuse natural blue-violet light of being harmful are in the habit of hiding the violet portion of the rainbow they photograph, claiming that violet is dangerous (but turquoise is beneficial). It's possible that those who accuse blue light of being harmful haven't seen, with a spectrometer, the light transmitted by the sun when they go hiking and feel happy, alert, and focused. It's possible that these people don't even hope for sunshine on their vacations.It is also possible that these people, faced with the problem of eye strain in the population in front of their screens during the day, are proposing a solution that disrupts human physiology, and it is possible that they do not have. They methodically weighed the pros and cons of their invention in the lives of the population. It's possible that those who support the belief that blue light is harmful, citing studies that suggest inserting yellowish lenses in place of our natural lenses to protect us from blue light, are not accustomed to comparing apples to apples. It's possible that these people are taking industrial actions that lack restraint. Because the invention proposed and sold on a massive scale by these people is excessive; it blocks all light below 410-420nm and all day long from the moment this pseudo-solution is worn. And while this pseudo-solution attempts to block artificial blue light (which it doesn't), by being placed in front of people's eyes, it primarily blocks the biological processes enabled by wavelengths below 410-420nm.

[0064] Furthermore, patent CA2873597A1 states that light with a wavelength between 465 and 495 nm is what allows the synchronization of the biological clock. While it is true that ipRGCs have a peak sensitivity around 460 nm according to some studies, such as Lockley SW, Brainard GC, Czeisler CA (September 2003), "High sensitivity of the human circadian melatonin rhythm to resetting by short wavelength light," most studies have their limitations. Without questioning their results, which I fully endorse, I am writing this to indicate that these results should not be interpreted to the extreme by attributing the clock synchronization function (circadian rhythm) solely to this wavelength or its vicinity, and conversely, that this wavelength should not be assigned to this single function. The purpose of water is not simply to quench thirst. The purpose of the sun is not just to illuminate us.The purpose of 460nm light is not solely to regulate our biological clock. The 460nm wavelength is likely not uniquely important for our biological clock, nor is it the only one. Indeed, even though this work schematically represents a biological function enabled by a specific wavelength, it is never deemed appropriate to restrict a vital function to the presence of a single wavelength or its surrounding range. Moreover, a synergy between wavelengths likely exists; for example, red counterbalancing—establishing harmony with—the effects of blue, according to the work of Dr. Jack Kruse. This simply means that a glass with 100% transmittance in the 465-495nm wavelength range is not sufficient to ensure it has no negative impact on the synchronization of the biological clock.Without going into detail about the fact that, however vital it may be, a human being's biological clock is not their entire life. Furthermore, the biological clock, and in particular its regulation by the light sensitivity of ipRGCs, also depends on shorter wavelengths, such as 410nm, or even ultraviolet, below 380nm.

[0065] So this is the background of the invention, and this is only the beginning of the invention presented here: light and darkness, and therefore life, are considered according to a temporality, according to a constant change, something which has not been addressed in any of the patents concerning so-called anti-blue light solutions, something much more important than the demonstration of a so-called harmful wavelength and a so-called beneficial wavelength.

[0066] This simple observation led to the invention presented: a technical solution more effective than previously patented solutions, and more relevant to human physiology and the dangers to which it is exposed in the twenty-first century. This physiology is largely dictated, and its manifestation occurs down to the molecular level through the expression of our circadian genes (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017), by the Earth's rotation on its axis, which preceded us by several billion years and to which we have obviously adapted, but which we are now trying to overcome. The challenge now is to avoid becoming maladapted and to live well in a modern world. Summary of the invention

[0067] According to one aspect, the invention relates to a filtering optical device comprising at least one means for blocking an amount of light in the range of wavelengths from 380 to 800 nanometers, preferably from 440 to 650 nanometers.

[0068] According to one embodiment, the optical device comprises an organic polymer type material.

[0069] According to one embodiment, the blocking means comprises at least one optical filter filtering a given quantity of light having wavelengths in a predefined range, said optical filter being made by at least one absorption filter and / or at least one reflector filter and / or at least one polarizer and / or at least one interference filter.

[0070] According to one embodiment, the blocking means comprises at least one multilayer filter, each thin layer being made of a dielectric material having its own refractive index, the layers being arranged to cause destructive interference in a given wavelength range.

[0071] According to one embodiment, the blocking means comprises at least one layer having a predetermined amount of material integrated into the mineral glass or polymer to selectively absorb a given wavelength range. According to one embodiment, the means blocking the light arriving at the front or rear face of the lens blocks the light such that, in the 380-500 nm range, at least 76% of the light is blocked, i.e., that at most 24% of the light is transmitted.

[0072] According to one embodiment, the means for cutting off the light arriving on the front or rear face cuts off the light such that in the 500-650nm range, at least 41% of the quantity of light is blocked, i.e. that at most 59% of the light is transmitted.

[0073] According to one embodiment, the means blocking the light arriving on the front or rear face cuts the light such that in the range 650 to 800nm, less than 10% of the quantity of light is blocked.

[0074] According to one embodiment, the optical device comprises a single-layer lens substrate including a first quantity of one or more blue light-absorbing agents, a second quantity of one or more green light-absorbing agents, and a third quantity of one or more yellow light-absorbing agents.

[0075] According to one embodiment, the optical device comprises a single-layer lens substrate including a fourth quantity of one or more ultraviolet light-absorbing agents and / or a fifth quantity of one or more infrared light-absorbing agents.

[0076] According to one embodiment, the optical device comprises a light-absorbing coating applied to the main front or rear face, and / or a light-reflecting coating on the front or rear face.

[0077] According to one embodiment, use of the optical device includes the use of a light-blocking dye, integrated into the lens or a filter blocking blue, green or yellow light.

[0078] According to one embodiment, the optical filtering device forms a protective filter for an artificial lighting device comprising a plurality of LEDs and / or fluorescent lamps.

[0079] According to another embodiment, the lighting device is an electronic terminal, such as a PC, tablet, smartphone, television, or smartphone, comprising a display screen. In this case, the protective filter is a movable element that can be arranged on the screen or a filter directly integrated into the screen.

[0080] According to the preferred embodiment, a method for aiding sleep is implemented by wearing at least one lens, whether corrective or not, or a contact lens, in a time period beginning substantially at sunset for a duration of at least one hour.

[0081] According to a specific embodiment, the method consists of partially or totally blocking artificial light in front of the user's eyes using an optical device, with or without visual correction, in a time range starting substantially at sunset and for a minimum duration of five minutes.

[0082] In another approach, the sleep aid method may involve wearing a lens within a time frame beginning one hour before or after sunset, and ending at least one hour after the start of lens wearing.

[0083] According to an embodiment closely linked to the benefits for sleep, the sleep aid process can last at least three hours from sunset, or even until the individual decides to fall asleep naturally, i.e. without the aid of synthetic substances, in order to promote the natural regulation of melatonin secretion.

[0084] For the purpose of helping to maintain sleep or reducing nighttime awakenings, one embodiment also provides for wearing lenses in the time range from sunset until the individual's bedtime.

[0085] Regarding migraines, one embodiment consists of wearing the lenses in the same time frame to promote natural sleep onset, thus reducing the risk of nocturnal migraines.

[0086] In addition, one embodiment proposes wearing lenses to reduce anxiety and help manage stress, in a time frame extending until the user goes to bed.

[0087] According to another embodiment, the method of improving physical performance, particularly sports performance, is based on wearing lenses to increase nocturnal physical recovery.

[0088] For the improvement of mitochondrial functions, an identical embodiment is proposed, thus promoting optimal cell regeneration during the night.

[0089] In the case of pain control, particularly chronic pain, one embodiment consists of wearing the lenses within the indicated time range, until the user's bedtime.

[0090] According to another embodiment, a method is proposed to improve mood and prevent disorders such as seasonal affective disorder and depression, via the wearing of lenses in the same time frame.

[0091] Another embodiment aims to improve cognitive performance, particularly in terms of concentration, learning and memory, by wearing lenses during the described time range.

[0092] In a further embodiment, wearing lenses can help to prevent and treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, always according to the defined time range.

[0093] One embodiment for the regulation of blood glucose disorders also consists of wearing the lenses in the time period beginning at sunset.

[0094] For the reduction of digestive disorders, another embodiment consists of wearing the lenses in the same time frame, thus promoting better digestion before bedtime.

[0095] A specific embodiment is devoted to the control of eating behavior and the prevention of associated disorders, such as hyperphagia and bulimia, through the wearing of lenses in the same time frame.

[0096] In addition, a method is proposed for the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity, using lenses according to the defined time range.

[0097] According to another embodiment, wearing lenses can also prevent and treat addictions or dependencies, in particular to alcohol, drugs, caffeine, or refined sugar, by wearing the lenses before going to bed.

[0098] One embodiment also provides for the use of lenses to prevent and treat digital eye strain syndrome, including eye pain and blurred vision, by blocking artificial light during the period before bedtime.

[0099] In another embodiment, wearing lenses can also be considered for the prevention and treatment of myopia, by blocking artificial light for the same period.

[0100] For neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, one embodiment consists of using the lenses according to the same time frame, in order to improve sleep quality and limit the risks associated with these diseases.

[0101] Another embodiment involves wearing the lenses before sunrise, when the individual wakes up before sunrise. In this case, lens wearing ends at sunrise, thus contributing to better adaptation to morning light.

[0102] According to another aspect, the invention relates to a method for automatically activating a light filter for electronic devices. This filter can be controlled by a computer which, by querying a database or directly measuring ambient light, automatically activates the filter at sunset and deactivates it after a predefined period.

[0103] The invention relates to the field of optics for people needing visual correction, as well as to the everyday lives of people who do not usually wear glasses. More specifically, it relates to spectacle lenses, with or without visual correction, that block blue, green, yellow, and orange light, or any other color, and optionally include invisible light. These lenses offer greater filtration (blocking) efficiency for their intended use than previously patented solutions, and greater physical (wavelengths), temporal, and physiological (time of use) relevance. More broadly, it may relate to all optical devices other than spectacle lenses with or without correction such as filters arranged on or in LEDs and fluorescent lamps.

[0104] This solution is to be worn only during nighttime physiological periods if the user is exposed to light sources or artificial lighting, i.e., between sunset and the time the user wishes to fall asleep, as well as between the user waking up and sunrise; that is, every evening in a modern environment after sunset, and every morning before sunrise. This solution is not to be worn while the user is asleep.

[0105] This provides genuine protection against the harmful effects of overexposure to artificial light and natural access to the daily benefits and long-term health benefits resulting from respecting all the physiological processes dependent on the perception of light and darkness. This does not interfere with natural daylight, as this solution is not worn during the day. The invention also relates to eyeglasses comprising spectacle lenses, as well as optical films, plate lenses, protective eyewear, skincare products, lighting products, screens, LEDs, paint, adhesives, and panels.

[0106] The invention relates not only to a technical solution (the glass), but also to a process solution (blocking artificial light after sunset) as well as a synergistic solution (blocking blue light - 380 to 500nm but also green and yellow (500 to 650nm).

[0107] Indeed, the device is intended for use only during the user's nocturnal physiological periods, defined as the period between sunset and the time the user wishes to fall asleep, as well as during the period between the user waking up and sunrise, in the event of exposure to artificial light sources created by humans. The use of this device offers various physiological benefits, including the regulation of the circadian rhythm, the reduction of migraines, stress management, mood improvement, increased concentration, and the optimization of physical and mental performance.

[0108] This therefore refers to a spectacle lens, with or without visual correction, which any person in a place temporarily or permanently illuminated by artificial light sources must begin wearing as soon as they are physiologically expected to be in darkness or only illuminated by light transmitted by the moon or stars, that is to say, from sunset until the time they wish to fall asleep – in the evening – or between waking up and sunrise – in the early morning – therefore, during the entire period of relative surrounding darkness except when the person is sleeping or washing, under conditions indoors as well as outdoors, whether in front of a screen or not - as long as its main lighting is man-made - and not between sunrise and sunset, blocking light such that: in the 380 to 500nm range, 76% or more of the light is blocked, absorbed or reflected by any technique, and in the 500 to 650nm range, 41% or more of the light is blocked, absorbed or reflected by any technique, under laboratory conditions meeting current standards (see below, in inventive feature number 1) and representative of the artificial light sources to which the majority of human beings are exposed in the evening, and for all the physiological and disease prevention benefits that this includes, including but not limited to: the visual system, the nervous system (as well as its adaptation to surrounding conditions, such as circadian rhythm, seasonal rhythm, and jet lag),Psychology (mood, stress, among others), endocrine system, digestive system, dermatological and integumentary system, immune system, male and female reproductive system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, musculoskeletal system, urinary system, mitochondrial health, hair health (prevention or treatment of alopecia), glare prevention including but not limited to that induced by car headlights, oxidative stress prevention, cancer prevention, prevention of premature or accelerated aging...

[0109] The main objective of the present invention is to improve the lives of people in the modern world in which they live, a world which is in conflict with their physiology, which is nevertheless identical to that of their ancestors, firstly a circadian desynchronization, that is to say a desynchronization of their natural light / dark rhythm.

[0110] A more specific and non-exclusive objective is to enable people to improve their mood, circadian rhythm (including sleep at night and concentration abilities during the day), their ability to manage stress, their eating behavior, their migraines, and their visual comfort.

[0111] Another objective is to achieve the right compromise, for a spectacle lens, between increased sleepiness and safety (perception of shapes for manipulating objects in the evening, for example, preventing drowsiness while driving), and between protection and visual comfort. Indeed, this lens could block more light, but does not do so for reasons of comfort, and not due to a technical limitation of the lens: the objective is not maximum efficiency, but the right efficiency according to our lifestyle and environment.

[0112] Another objective is the prevention or cure of autism, dyslexia, epilepsy, albinism, retinitis pigmentosa, dyskinesia related to Parkinson's disease, addiction to refined sugar, addiction to stimulants (caffeine, theine), reading difficulties, light sensitivity, ADHD, neuropathic pain, age-related macular degeneration or other retinopathies.

[0113] This invention has the advantage of generating a preventive but also therapeutic effect.

[0114] The exact time for wearing the glasses depends on the season, geography, and artificial lighting conditions in which the user finds themselves: if the user is on the beach at sunset with a distant artificial light source (a streetlamp 100m away, for example), they may start wearing the glasses later than if they were inside a room lit by artificial light and out of the sunset. In all cases, the glasses are worn after sunset, in the preferred version of the invention, when the user judges that they are too exposed to artificial light—even if the sky is still slightly bright from the last post-sunset glow.

[0115] The lens is designed to specifically block light emitted by artificial light sources (light-emitting diodes – blue LEDs – and fluorescent lamps – neon, compact fluorescent lamps – as well as halogen lamps) in the relevant wavelength ranges, i.e., as shown in [Fig. 6]. It should not be worn during the day, even if the user is in front of a screen all day, due to the biological processes enabled by the perception of light through the eyes (see [Fig. 2]), because a spectacle lens cannot distinguish between an artificial photon and a natural photon. A user in front of a screen all day in an office perceives natural light despite their surroundings.A user in front of a screen and illuminated only by artificial light during the day (shopping mall, subway station) should first and foremost be outside and perceive light in order to have a properly regulated biological clock, and not protect themselves from the little light they might perceive - even artificial light.

[0116] The present invention is an optical device. Preferably, in a favored embodiment, it is an ophthalmic lens (spectacle lens, contact lens). However, it can be applied to products such as optical films, plate lenses, protective eyewear, skincare products, lighting products, paints, adhesives, panels, and modular screen filters. It can also be a crystalline lens or any man-made ophthalmic structure (implant) capable of detecting light information, specifically the time of sunrise and sunset, and blocking artificial light between these two times. For example, it could be an implant used during cataract surgery.

[0117] According to one embodiment, the present invention comprises a spectacle lens; it is an ophthalmic lens.

[0118] This lens has a front surface and a rear surface, the front surface of the spectacle lens being oriented away from the eye and the rear surface of the spectacle lens being oriented towards the eye, and the spectacle lens comprising an optical lens substrate composed of mineral glass and / or organic glass or comprising mineral glass and / or organic glass, the spectacle lens having at least one first anti-reflective coating. This coating or the anti-reflective coatings or all the anti-reflective coatings possibly present or not, have a filtering effect on light, in particular by means of specific filtering agents listed below in a non-exhaustive manner.

[0119] The transmittance measurements specified in this application must be carried out in accordance with strictly standardized experimental conditions. The optical device uses a spectrometer calibrated and certified according to the most recent and recognized international standards (such as ISO 12312-1:2013 or equivalent), with a reference light source conforming to the white light standards defined by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE), in particular standard illuminants D65 for average daylight at 6500K, or A for incandescent light at 2856K, in accordance with CIE publication 15:2004.Ideally, measurements should be performed with the angle of incidence of light perfectly perpendicular to the surface of the lens or optical device (0 degrees) if anyone wishes to compete with the present invention; however, the present invention is optimized for all angles of incidence of light with respect to the optical device. Indeed, the present invention covers an ophthalmic lens device, with or without correction, ensuring effective operation of the light filter at all angles of incidence, or over a wide range of angles of incidence, thus guaranteeing optimal protection against harmful radiation, regardless of the orientation of the incident light, without limitation to the specific angles mentioned in the prior art.

[0120] Here is a reminder of some ISO standards to which one must refer in the case of studying the transmittance of a lens:

[0121] - ISO 8980-3: Concerns the transmittance of ophthalmic lenses, specifying the methods of measuring visible light through corrective lenses.

[0122] - ISO 12312-1: Applies to sunglasses for general use and includes criteria on the transmission of visible light.

[0123] - ISO 9050: Specifies measurement methods for the transmittance of glazing, in particularly for sunlight and visible light.

[0124] Although ISO 12312-1:2013 or equivalent standards deal primarily with sunglasses, in this application we refer, through this ISO standard, to the transmittance study conditions which must be reproducible and standardized, and not by means of blocking light which can be a sunglasses lens or a lens against artificial light.

[0125] Measurements must be made under controlled laboratory conditions, including, but not limited to: an ambient temperature of 23 ± 2 °C, a relative humidity of 40–60%, an atmosphere free from dust and contaminants, and in the total absence of stray light or unwanted reflection. Results must be averaged over at least three independent tests to ensure repeatability and reliability of the data. Any deviation from or modification of these standardized conditions without the prior express written consent of the inventor or patent holder, or any attempt to adjust the measurement parameters (such as the type of spectrometer, light source, angle of incidence, or ambient conditions) to alter the lens transmittance results, will be considered a direct and deliberate infringement of this application.

[0126] In this patent application, technical terms such as 'block', 'absorb', 'reflect', and any other terms relating to light attenuation or management are not expressly distinguished. What matters is the final result in terms of reducing the light perceived by the human eye over the specified wavelength ranges. Thus, any method or combination of methods that results in a decrease in light transmission in accordance with the percentages indicated for each wavelength range is included within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0127] The optical characteristics of the glass, measured under the above conditions, are as follows. It blocks light such that: - In the 380-500nm range, at least 76% of the light is blocked, meaning that at most 24% of the light is transmitted. This means that before the light reaches the lens, we have 100% of the light intensity, and after passing through the lens, we have 24% of the light intensity. - in the 500-650nm range, at least 41% of the light is blocked, meaning that at most 59% of the light is transmitted. - Furthermore, it optionally and indiscriminately blocks invisible light. This is not necessary for the preferred implementation method.

[0128] The blocked or transmitted light can preferably, in this application, be measured according to a spectral quantum distribution of energy, or spectral quantum distribution, SQD, measured in photons / s / m2 / nm or in pmol / s / nm. It expresses the number of photons (quanta of energy) emitted, transmitted or reflected per unit area, per unit time and per unit wavelength (or frequency).

[0129] In another embodiment of the invention, "blocked light" is defined as the luminous intensity blocked by the device, measured in candelas (cd). It can also be defined as relative intensity, measured in watts / cm² / nm). In another embodiment, "blocked light" refers to the luminous energy blocked by the device, expressed in joules (J). In yet another embodiment, "blocked light" corresponds to the luminous power blocked by the device, measured in watts (W). The quantities of luminous flux (measured in lumens, 1m), radiance (measured in watts per square meter per steradian, W / m²-sr), luminosity (measured in candelas per square meter, cd / m²), light absorption (expressed as a percentage of incident light), or light attenuation (expressed in decibels, dB) can be used. The "blocked light" can also be measured in lux (Ix), watts per square meter (W / m2), joules per square meter (J / m2), percentage of transmission, watts per square centimeter per nanometer (W / cm2 / nm), spectral energy density (W / m2 / nm), contrast ratio, or lumens per square meter per nanometer (lm / m2 / nm).

[0130] The glass therefore comprises at least one means for partially or totally blocking blue, green, yellow or red light or any other color in the preferred embodiment of the invention arriving on the main front face of the ophthalmic lens; and at least one means for blocking at least partially blue, green, yellow or red light or any other color in the range of wavelengths from 380 to 800 nanometers.

[0131] The means of producing such a light-blocking filter are numerous and known in the art and include absorption, reflection, interference, polarization, scattering, or combinations thereof, or other techniques. The means of producing such a filter are described below but are not limited to the molecules indicated.

[0132] According to one embodiment of the invention, the absorption technique is used. This method involves integrating specific materials into the lenses of the glasses, capable of absorbing certain wavelengths of light while allowing other essential wavelengths to pass through. This technique is particularly effective at filtering artificial light, thus reducing eye strain caused by prolonged exposure to artificial light without altering the perception of natural colors.

[0133] According to another embodiment, the reflection technique is employed. This method uses reflective coatings applied to the surface of the glass. These coatings are designed to reflect specific wavelengths, such as intense blue light, away from the glass. The main effect of this technique is to reduce glare and reflection caused by artificial light sources, thereby improving visual comfort by reducing reflections and protecting the eyes from harsh direct light.

[0134] In another embodiment, the interference technique is implemented. This process uses thin coatings that create interference effects to filter out unwanted wavelengths. These layers have precise thicknesses that allow specific wavelengths to be canceled or reduced by destructive interference. This method is particularly effective for creating glasses with selective filters, offering protection against specific wavelengths while preserving visual clarity and color fidelity.

[0135] According to another embodiment, the polarization technique is integrated. The lenses are equipped with polarizing filters that block horizontally or vertically polarized light, often associated with glare or reflections. Polarizers block light waves polarized in a certain direction, and photochromic lenses react to light intensity by darkening to filter the rays. This technique reduces unwanted reflections from shiny surfaces and improves visibility in bright artificial light conditions, offering increased visual comfort and better clarity in bright environments.

[0136] Finally, another embodiment uses the diffusion technique. This method incorporates materials that diffuse incident light over a wide surface, thereby reducing the concentration of light and softening contrasts. The effect of this technique is to decrease the harshness of direct light sources, reducing glare and improving visual comfort by creating a more uniform light that is less harsh on the eyes.

[0137] In one embodiment of the invention, the optical device is a corrective lens. For the purposes of this patent, a "corrective lens" is defined as an optical device having a modified refractive index specifically designed to correct visual defects such as myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, or presbyopia. The refractive index of this corrective lens is between 1.5 and 1.74, adjusted according to the wearer's specific optical correction needs, in order to ensure optimal and personalized visual correction.

[0138] In another embodiment of the invention, the device is a lens without visual correction.

[0139] The means for blocking light between 380 and 800 nm, arriving at the main front face of the lens, may be constituted by the lens substrate itself, by its own nature, or by the incorporation and dispersion in the substrate material of one or more light absorbers in the preferred embodiment of the invention. Among the absorbers or blockers that may be used are: zirconium dioxide, silicon dioxide, pyrazoline, cinnamic acid, acetonitrile, neodymium, didymium, benzotriazoles, oxanilides, benzophenones, dihydroxybenzophenones, phenylbenzoates, synthetic melanin, benzimidazoles, hydroxyphenyltriazines, steric hindering amines (AES or HALS), fullerenes, perylene, porphyrin-based molecules, coumarin, acridine, methyl methacrylate polymer (PMMA) with or without specific additives, Trivex, polycarbonate with blue light filtering coating, photochromic filters with blue light filtering technology, lenses with yellow or amber filters, anti-reflective coatings with selective filtering, CR-39 (Columbia Resin #39), optical glass, cerium oxide, polarized lenses, mineral glasses, optical nylon, standard photochromic lenses, absorbent coatings, reflective coatings, transparent polymeric films containing absorbers, zinc oxide nanoparticles, titanium oxide nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, graphene sheets, composites of graphene, conductive polymers, nanostructured materials, photonic crystals,metamaterials, electrochromic glasses, digital adaptive lenses, bio-inspired coatings, modified biopolymers, advanced photochromic molecules, transition metal complexes, multilayer films, nitride-based coatings, quantum materials capable of manipulating light at the atomic level, woven nanofibers to create dynamic diffraction gratings, bioelectronic glasses capable of modulating light using neural signals, self-healing materials based on synthetic cells capable of adapting to changes in light, biohybrid lenses using natural enzymes to selectively filter harmful wavelengths, coatings based on phase-change materials that automatically adjust transmittance according to ambient temperature, optical films with electrically controllable liquid crystals to adjust transparency in real time,superhydrophobic composites that refract light in a unique way to optimize visual clarity, synthetic biopolymers inspired by the eye proteins of nocturnal animals to improve night vision, biomimetic materials mimicking the structure of mantis shrimp eyes for optimized color filtering, plasmonic-based coatings to interact specifically with certain light frequencies, holographic phase-change films to adjust color and clarity according to the time of day,Integrated optical devices based on superconductors minimize light dispersion. However, the light-blocking medium can be any other compound. The light-blocking medium between 380 and 800 nm can also be a light-absorbing or light-reflecting coating applied to the front surface of the ophthalmic lens. Absorbing coatings are well-known in the field; for example, transparent polymer films containing one or more absorbers such as those mentioned previously.

[0140] This patent application also envisages the use of future technologies including, but not limited to, sensors integrated into lenses or glass that automatically adapt light filtering according to ambient lighting conditions. These sensors could detect light intensity, dominant wavelength, or other environmental parameters in real time to dynamically adjust light transmission or blocking, thus providing optimized and personalized protection against the harmful effects of artificial light.

[0141] The present invention claims a synergistic light-blocking efficiency for an optical device, in particular an ophthalmic lens. This synergy optimizes the filtering of wavelength ranges in the visible light spectrum and, optionally, in the invisible spectrum, thereby providing physiological benefits to humans. The synergy is preferably achieved by combining the blocking wavelengths corresponding to blue, green, and yellow light, according to the temporal conditions described in this application. However, other combinations of colors or invisible light may be considered, although they may exhibit slightly lower synergistic efficiency in some cases.

[0142] The invention relates to numerous applications including ophthalmic lenses with light filtration characteristics in the wavelength ranges of 380 to 800 nm.

[0143] According to one technique, the lens can be tinted or colored with a light-blocking dye such as BPI Filter Vision 450, BPI Filter Vision 480, BPI Diamond Dye 500, or others, in the appropriate proportion or concentration. The coloring can be carried out, among other methods, by immersing the lens in a warm bath containing the blocking dye solution for a defined period of time.

[0144] According to another technique, it is possible to use a filter formed on at least one of the principal faces of the lens to block light. The filter may include molecules exhibiting absorption and / or reflection and / or interference with wavelengths of blue, green, yellow, red, or other colored light. The filter may consist of thin layers. Each layer may have properties that, in combination with the other layers, absorb, reflect, or interfere with wavelengths of light or block light by other means. The insertion of the light-blocking substance may be achieved by direct incorporation into the substrate, addition to a polymer coating, impregnation into the lens, incorporation into a layered structure comprising a layer impregnated with the substance, or in the form of a composite material impregnated with microparticles of the substance.

[0145] According to one embodiment, the light-blocking means may be any combination of the means described above, or any other means. In this application, a blocking means is understood to be a means of blocking the quantity of light. Filtering is understood to mean blocking light.

[0146] As stated above, the ophthalmic lens according to the invention can reflect light such that: in the 380-500nm range, at least 76% of the light is blocked, i.e., at most 24% of the light is transmitted; in the 500-650nm range, at least 41% of the light is blocked, i.e., at most 59% of the light is transmitted; and in the 650-800nm ​​range, at least 0% of the light is blocked.

[0147] The ophthalmic lens according to the invention may also include a "color balancing" component in order to reduce, move, neutralize or compensate for yellowing or amber color, or any other undesirable effect due to light blocking in order to produce a more aesthetically pleasing lens.

[0148] According to one embodiment, the ophthalmic lens according to this invention is made of a transparent substrate of mineral or organic glass.

[0149] Indeed, according to one embodiment of the invention, the lens can be mineral, which offers increased scratch resistance and improved durability, constituting a significant technical advantage for applications requiring high robustness. According to another embodiment, the lens can be organic, preferably CR39, but also nylon, MR8, or other, which is lighter, offers greater flexibility in terms of design and comfort, and is easier to work with. The use of organic glass facilitates the design of eyeglasses while ensuring effective protection against artificial light. The lens design of the invention is highly adaptable depending on the intended use: it can vary in size and curvature to meet the specific needs of each application, while being available in lightweight polymer, such as CR39, or in durable mineral glass.This design flexibility maximizes both visual comfort and performance, offering an innovative and personalized solution compared to the competitive offerings from Essilor and Hoya, which are often limited to standardized and less modular formats.

[0150] In all cases, the substrate used may be provided with several functional coatings to give it specific optical and / or mechanical properties, such as all optional coatings: anti-abrasion, anti-shock, anti-reflective, anti-UV, anti-static, polarizing, anti-fouling or anti-fog, or any other functional coating to be discovered, all well established in the field of ophthalmic lenses or to be discovered. The substrate can be multilayered, and possibly different quantities of certain agents can be used.

[0151] Preferring an organic glass substrate, such as a thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic, various materials may be used, including (co)acrylic polymers, polyvinyl butyral, polycarbonates, polyurethanes, poly(thiourethanes), (co)polymers of allyl carbonate polyols, thermoplastic ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers, polyesters such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or poly(butylene terephthalate), polyepisulfides, polyepoxides, polycarbonate / polyester copolymers, cyclo-olefin copolymers such as ethylene norbornene or ethylene cyclopentadiene copolymers, and combinations thereof, or any other material. (Co)polymer means a copolymer or a homopolymer. (Meth)acrylate means an acrylate or a methacrylate. For the purposes of this invention, polycarbonate means homopolycarbonates, copolycarbonates and sequenced copolycarbonates.The substrates most recommended are those obtained by (co)polymerization of bis-allyl carbonate of diethylene glycol, or by polymerization of thio(meth)acrylic monomers, such as those described in French patent application FR 2734827. Substrates may be obtained by polymerization of mixtures of the above monomers, or may comprise mixtures of these polymers and (co)polymers. Other preferred substrates include polycarbonates. Materials used may include polycarbonates, polyamide (nylon), polyester, acrylic, polyurethane, polystyrene, acrylonitrile styrene, norbornene, and cellulose.Examples of thermoplastic resins used appropriately in the present invention are not limited to, but include, polycarbonate resin, transparent polyamide (nylon) resin, polyester resin, acrylic resin, polyurethane resin, polystyrene resin, acrylonitrile styrene resin, norbornene resin, and cellulose-based resins. They may be cured monomers: diethylene glycol diallyl carbonate monomer, diallyl phthalate monomer, a mixture of an isocyanate-based compound and a polyol or polythiol, and an acrylic monomer.

[0152] Before filter deposition, it is common practice to subject the substrate surface to a physical or chemical activation treatment to improve filter adhesion to the principal face(s). This pretreatment is generally carried out under vacuum. It may involve bombardment with energetic species such as an ion beam (called "Ion Pre-Cleaning" or "PC") or an electron beam, corona discharge treatment, effluvium treatment, UV treatment, or vacuum plasma treatment, typically oxygen or argon plasma, or any other technique. It may also include acid or basic surface treatment and / or solvent treatment, such as with water or an organic solvent. In this application, the spectral transmittance of the ophthalmic lens for a specific angle of incidence The angle of the face equipped with the filter represents the variation of the transmittance (i.e., the reflection factor) at that angle as a function of wavelength. A spectral transmittance curve is a graphical representation of spectral transmittance where spectral transmittance (on the y-axis) is plotted against wavelength (on the x-axis). Spectral transmittance curves can be measured using a spectrophotometer, such as a Perkin Elmer Lambda 850 spectrophotometer equipped with a Universal Reflectance Accessory (URA).

[0153] The following example details the invention without limitation; it can be implemented differently. 1. General Procedure

[0154] The invented filters are, for example, not necessarily, applied to glasses coated with an anti-abrasion coating as described in example 3 of patent EP614957. The evaporation techniques and the deposition conditions of the SiO and ZrO layers are in accordance with those described in patent application WO 2008107325. 1. Calculating the curves

[0155] The spectral transmittance curves of the discovered filters can be generated using Thin Film Center's Essential Mac Leod software (version 9.4). The spectral transmittance curves are measured, confirming their correspondence with the models. They conform to international standard rules for spectral measurements. 1. Filter stacking and properties. Spectral transmittance curves.

[0156] The structural characteristics and optical performance of the ophthalmic lenses obtained without mention of the angle of incidence, for wavelengths ranging from 380 nm to 800 nm, are:

[0157] - at least 76% of the light is blocked in the 380-500nm range

[0158] - at least 41% of the light is blocked over the 500-650nm range.

[0159] - at least 0% of the light is blocked over the 650-800nm ​​range.

[0160] Regarding ultraviolet, below 380nm, all spectral optical performances The desired results can be obtained depending on the compounds integrated into or affixed to the lens, without preference to any particular embodiment of the invention. In other words, anti-reflective filters may or may not be added; this is irrelevant to the invention and does not define it.

[0161] The calculation takes into account all multiple reflections occurring within the ophthalmic lens. The transmission and reflection curves are weighted according to the spectral function WB(2) from the international standard ISO 8980-3, incorporating the blue-light hazard function and the spectral distribution function of the sun.

[0162] Advantageously, the invention allows individuals to reclaim the naturalness of their way of life.

[0163] This technical solution is not claimed to be natural because of its materials, but natural because of its mode of action and its objective. This solution brings nature back into people's lives, realigning people with their natural circadian rhythm and their original physiology, given that the eyes are the beginning of the brain, inherent to all our hormonal, psychological, and organic life, and that artificial light disrupts this.

[0164] Unlike drug solutions, unlike food supplements, unlike “pseudo-natural” solutions that attempt to imitate nature (artificial light therapy, infrared therapy), this solution, by blocking the artificial (see: Relevance of the principle), is more respectful of human physiology than the former. Indeed, imitating nature has an opportunity cost: that of not benefiting from true nature, and true nature is often not matched in terms of benefits by pseudo-natural solutions.

[0165] This solution does not attempt to replace the secretion of a hormone (e.g., melatonin tablets), but rather restores it naturally through improved adherence to darkness. It does not attempt to prevent a migraine attack through medication (e.g., non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), but rather prevents it by significantly reducing exposure to its primary trigger. It does not attempt to increase people's energy levels through vitamins, but rather increases their energy by enabling better sleep (faster sleep onset, fewer awakenings during the night, and improved melatonin secretion).We don't try to improve their concentration by giving them L-Dopa or compounds with a mechanism of action identical to amphetamines (methylphenidate), we do it by allowing them to fully enjoy their evenings, their nights, and therefore their following days, thanks to respecting darkness at the right time in a society that intrinsically tries to prevent them from doing so.

[0166] A key point of interest is the significant and far-reaching positive effects of naturally secreted melatonin, beyond sleep. Melatonin, secreted by the pineal gland, has had the same biological structure for 2.5 billion years, from bacteria to humans, including dinosaurs (melatonin-research.net). This characteristic of melatonin, its central role in human physiological functions (immune system, fertility, digestion, etc.), gives the present invention a broad and profound positive impact on people's lives, which is a process claim.

[0167] We do not treat the symptom by filling the deficiency and with the risks that this entails, we prevent the cause naturally.

[0168] Today, patented light therapy solutions attempt to mimic sunlight at different wavelengths to improve physiological functions (photobiomodulation, seasonal affective disorder, infrared therapy). These solutions emit only a few wavelengths, encouraging people to stay indoors, which is not their natural daytime habitat. These solutions do not transmit the full spectrum of light that allows humans to live. For example, they never transmit the complexity of infrared wavelengths that allow humans to structure the water that composes them (work of Dr. Gerald Pollack, The Fourth Phase of Water). If these solutions are used during the day, the opportunity cost is not being exposed to the full spectrum of visible light—even under clouds or in the rain—during the day, and also not benefiting from the other advantages of being outdoors (oxygenation, free electrons, in particular). If these solutions are used during periods of darkness, they are being used at a non-physiological time. These solutions attempt to mimic natural light, but do not equal it.

[0169] The present invention does not attempt to imitate natural light for its benefits, it blocks artificial light to counter its harmful effects, and at the right time, and with a good blocking ratio (neither too high - uncomfortable, nor too low - ineffective).

[0170] If the solution blocks the artificial, it does not block it totally, making people's lives better because it allows them to live during their evenings in our modern society, but without suffering significantly in the short term (quality of the evening, symptoms of eye fatigue, sleep efficiency), medium and long term (hormones, mitochondria, melatonin, neurotransmitters).

[0171] Advantageously, the solution is relevant to the mode of use proposed by the invention. Beyond the relevance of the principle of blocking the artificial rather than imitating the natural, the solution is relevant with regard to the timing of its use and its selective effectiveness on the wavelengths most important in the modern society in which we live. This relevance of the timing of its use and its selective effectiveness on the wavelengths relevant to our society has not been discussed in patents prior to this document.

[0172] Relevance of the timing of its use: the solution is preferentially used only in natural dark conditions - that is to say after sunset, and before sunrise.

[0173] Alongside technical inventiveness, this is the most important point of the present invention.

[0174] The use of the present invention is dependent on the Earth's rotation on its own axis (day-night cycle), that is to say, on sunrise and sunset. It is used after sunset and before sunrise. This precise moment depends greatly on the season, and slightly on human instinct, the lighting environment (lighting conditions are not the same in a city apartment as in a mountain lodge), and geography. This request therefore includes a methodological claim, namely blocking artificial light after sunset, covering all time periods from sunset onward; and before sunrise, covering all time periods before sunrise; and including these times (sunset and sunrise) according to varying environmental conditions.

[0175] Whereas the solutions proposed by other manufacturers of lenses claiming to block blue light (see “Relevance of selective efficiency on relevant wavelengths, below”) do not distinguish the temporality of their use, and recommend that the population wear them without worrying about the changing nature of the surrounding light or darkness - which has physiological and pathological consequences, particularly in terms of mood and sleep - the solution developed is relevant thanks to the temporality of its use.

[0176] This temporal relevance is physiologically explained through different processes, the simplest being that we have evolved to sleep at night and live - be active - during the day, and that failure to respect this generates all possible health problems: the scientific literature indicates many associations between poor sleep or shift work - at night - and the onset of somatic, psychic, social diseases.

[0177] From a more neuroscientific perspective, the best explanation, in our view, comes from ipRGCs—the neurons in the retina that regulate the human biological clock and that can potentially trigger migraines if exposed to light at a non-physiological time. These neurons are more sensitive to light after we have been awake for 12 to 16 hours. The danger posed by light is indeed also largely linked to the timing of our eyes' exposure to it. This has not been described in previously filed patents. The maximum danger posed by light is not only related to its quantity, not only to its wavelength, not only to the nature of its source, but also, and to a very large extent, to its timing, that is, when we are exposed to it. Blocking this artificial light at the most crucial time according to our physiology is a major inventive feature of the present invention.Choosing not to block this artificial light during the day is another inventive feature, favoring a natural lifestyle during the day – outdoors – and exposure to the full spectrum of light, gradually and thoughtfully.

[0178] Where non-patented solutions, although inferior in terms of absolute efficiency and the relevance of that efficiency - i.e., in terms of lengths waves that really matter - (see below: relevance of selective efficiency on relevant wavelengths) block light at an inopportune time - during the day -, the inventive feature of this present invention is therefore to restrict itself to periods of darkness for optimal respect of our physiology and maximum prevention of our pathologies, not to imitate or even prevent the natural, but to block the artificial and benefit from all the physiological advantages that this provides.

[0179] The real solution to the public health problem caused by "artificial blue light" is, firstly, to limit exposure to it as much as possible in the evening, and secondly, to spend more time outdoors during the day than current recommendations suggest, without risk if this is done gradually (winter exposure, exposure in the morning and evening, for example). The goal is to gain an intrinsic understanding of one's instinctive physiology, always consciously moderating exposure but without blocking it with glasses.Blocking blue light during the day with glasses in front of the eyes, even on a range of wavelengths that have less impact on the circadian rhythm - but have entirely different functions - is a choice with serious consequences for daily life and health, and possibly associated with the intensely increasing incidence of neurodegenerative and cognitive pathologies (Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, among others), psychiatric or psychological (insomnia, ADHD, autism, dyslexia, addictions to various substances, among others) and somatic... .

[0180] Relevance of selective efficiency on important wavelengths: efficiency on the wavelengths most used by manufacturers of LEDs and fluorescent lamps, which happen to be the most energetic and the most debilitating and dangerous for human physiology.

[0181] Unlike patents previously filed by other glass manufacturers, this solution blocks light on wavelengths that are physically and physiologically relevant.

[0182] Physically, firstly, because blue and violet light are the most energetic visible lights: their photons transmit approximately 1.8 times more energy than red light photons, for example (calculated using the Einstein-Planck relation). Secondly, because the light emitted by current LEDs and fluorescent lamps has a predominant emission peak in the blue wavelength range: on average, there is four times more blue than other colors. It should be noted that this peak is always located in the 450-470 nanometer (nm) wavelength range.

[0183] Physiologically, because, as already indicated, this same wavelength range happens to be the peak sensitivity of neurons located in our retina (intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, ipRGCs). These neurons regulate the synchronization of our circadian rhythm, the secretion or not of melatonin, and the triggering or not of migraines, as well as other physiological processes (connection to the amygdala - emotions and memories -, connection to the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus - the nucleus allowing us to fall asleep -, connection to the pretectal olivary nucleus of the midbrain - allowing us to perform the pupillary reflex).

[0184] The pseudo-solutions developed and patented to date block light only below 410-420 nm, rarely 440 nm, and are ineffective in the 450-470 nm range and beyond for the described application. It should be noted that 450-470 nm is the wavelength range of the blue peak emitted by LEDs and fluorescent lamps, which are ubiquitous in modern society and extend well beyond screens. All lights switched on after sunset are affected today, with the exception of candles, fires, and infrared lamps.This explains why the pseudo-solutions developed to date are useless in the evening against the light of LEDs and fluorescent lamps, but their effectiveness below 410-420nm also makes them a hindrance on a daily basis and even potentially dangerous, particularly psychologically, during the day due to the physiological processes made possible or improved by the penetration of natural light, during the day, therefore, having a wavelength below 410-420nm into the eyes (see [Fig.2]).

[0185] Overall, the present invention blocks light over a wider wavelength range, with greater efficiency, and above all, greater physiological relevance.

[0186] Previously filed patents by glass manufacturers do not block the wavelength ranges of the solution described herein; this is an inventive feature of the relevance of the solution's selective effectiveness. The solution's selective effectiveness is synergistic, specifically blocking (but not exclusively), in the preferred form of the invention, blue, green, and yellow, without blocking red, to allow for enjoyable evenings; however, other combinations are possible. No patent filed to date proposes synergistic selective blocking. The selective efficiency of the solution developed here is shown by a graphical representation in [Fig.6].

[0187] The solution of the invention has the advantage of being able to be used universally.

[0188] The solutions developed by other lens manufacturers—which do not block the relevant wavelengths and are not used at the opportune time for our physiology, as indicated in inventive feature 1—are primarily aimed at people who regularly wear spectacles. This is ophthalmic optics. It is an option that their customer chooses when they purchase their corrective eyeglasses from the optician. It does not concern, According to the patents filed so far, the person who does not need visual correction.

[0189] Now, every person living in our so-called “modern” society is exposed to artificial light during periods of physiological darkness, and every person living today has the same physiology - and in particular retinal and neurological - as their ancestors from 300,000 years ago, and possibly from 2 million years ago.

[0190] The invention presented here is intended for all persons living in a modern society, regardless of their visual acuity or age, and therefore includes people who are not accustomed to wearing glasses, and in particular, but not exclusively, children. Children are physiologically more sensitive to artificial blue light for anatomical reasons: larger pupils, more transparent lenses, and the period of development of anatomical and, for example, cerebral structures.

[0191] More specifically, the present invention is addressed to all persons who are located in a place lit by or looking at man-made light sources, in particular but not exclusively light-emitting diodes and fluorescent lamps: screens, all current domestic lighting, all current and future urban lighting.

[0192] Its use should be universal, except in the most “remote” places on the planet where night lighting is done by more traditional methods (fire, in particular).

[0193] This technical solution addresses major, often public health-related, frequent, and sometimes serious technical problems—to name just a few—all linked to decreased exposure to natural light during the day and excessive exposure to artificial light during periods of physiological darkness. This is related, but not exclusively, to the systemic role of certain neurotransmitters and hormones dependent on our perception of light and our sleep.When their synthesis or secretion is disrupted, it triggers many of the ailments on the rise in our society: chronic fatigue, anxiety, low moods or even major depressive episodes, concentration disorders (ADHD), screen addiction, eating disorders, insomnia (difficulty falling asleep, night awakenings), migraines, deficient mitochondrial health, avoidance of potentially risky medications with side effects, drug interactions and variability, intraretinal oxidative stress and its consequences, eye strain, a potentially preventive solution for retinal diseases - particularly AMD, poor sleep and phase shifts and their consequences - including neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases.

[0194] Thus, through improved sleep—which is the cornerstone of all well-being and human health—but more broadly through respect for the physiological darkness to which human beings are meant to be exposed, and after being informed of all the physiological processes requiring full natural light during the day and the absence of artificial light, beginning with the retina, the use of these glasses with lenses blocking artificial light after sunset allows for a performance-enhancing, preventive, or therapeutic effect on numerous pathologies. It enables the improvement of human performance, contributes to well-being, and aids in the prevention and treatment of all diseases and dysfunctions of the human body and mind, including the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle and controlled exposure to light, with the aim of improving the functioning of physiological and neurological systems.endocrine, digestive, metabolic, cardiovascular, respiratory, immune, gynecological, urinary, dermatological, musculoskeletal, reproductive, and all other bodily systems, as well as optimizing cognitive, mental, and emotional health, in particular but not exclusively: mood improvement (reduction of stress and anxiety, and prevention of mood disorders such as depression), regulation of circadian rhythm (better quality sleep, faster sleep onset, easier awakening in the morning), increased concentration (better attention and productivity during the day), better stress management (reduction of the stress response, improvement of emotional resilience), improved eating behavior (reduction of nighttime cravings, better appetite regulation, prevention of obesity), reduction of migraines (fewer light-related triggers, prevention of headaches),Increased visual comfort (reduced eye strain, better adaptation to darkness, reduced glare), increased propensity for sleep (better balance between rest and alertness, prevention of insomnia), reduction of autism symptoms (regulation of the sleep-wake cycle that can improve certain symptoms), improvement in dyslexia (reduced eye strain and better concentration), reduction of epileptic seizures (reduction of triggers related to artificial light), visual comfort for albinism (prevention of retinal damage and improved visual comfort), prevention of retinal damage for retinitis pigmentosa (protection of retinal cells by limiting exposure to artificial light), reduction of dyskinesia and all symptoms and causes of Parkinson's disease (improvement of motor symptoms through better sleep),prevention and treatment of sugar addictions (appetite regulation and reduction of cravings), reduction of caffeine addictions (better sleep reducing the need for stimulants), reduction of theine addictions (better energy balance, natural), improved reading ability (less eye strain, better concentration), reduced light sensitivity (less visual discomfort in bright environments), improved ADHD symptoms (better attention and impulsivity management through better sleep), reduced neuropathic pain (improved nerve recovery during sleep), prevention of age-related macular degeneration (reduced oxidative stress from exposure to artificial light), prevention of retinopathy (protection of retinal cells), improved immune system (better sleep, therefore better regeneration and immune defense), prevention of metabolic diseases (reduced risk of diabetes, heart disease, and obesity through better hormonal balance), reduced risk of cancer (fewer circadian rhythm disruptions, associated with an increased risk of certain cancers),Improved mental health (better neurotransmitter regulation, reduced risk of psychiatric disorders), reduced premenstrual syndrome (PMS) (improved hormonal balance), better physical recovery (quality sleep, muscle recovery and reduced inflammation), reduced inflammation (improved tissue regeneration during sleep), regulated nighttime appetite (reduced cravings and overeating), improved skin quality (increased skin regeneration during sleep), prevention of premature aging (reduced oxidative stress and improved cell regeneration), reduced dark circles under the eyes (better sleep, reduced visible fatigue), improved hormonal balance (better hormone-regulating sleep), prevention of obesity (regulation of appetite and metabolism).Blood sugar regulation (better blood sugar management during sleep), prevention of type 2 diabetes (improved insulin sensitivity through regular sleep), reduction of mood disorders (better emotional management through quality sleep), improved memory (memory consolidation during sleep), better mood regulation (fewer emotional fluctuations), reduced irritability (better stress and emotion management), improved cognitive concentration (better attention and mental clarity), reduction of chronic fatigue (restorative sleep and reduced daytime fatigue), increased daytime energy (better sleep leading to more energy during the day), prevention of hypertension (better cardiovascular balance), reduction of cardiovascular disease risk (reduced stress and improved heart health).improved mental clarity (better management of cognitive tasks), better management of emotions (reduction of emotional peaks), improved blood circulation (sleep aiding vascular regeneration), reduced risk of depression (better regulation, sleep and mood), Reduction of Parkinson's disease symptoms (improved motor skills and coordination through restorative sleep), prevention and slowing of the progression of Alzheimer's disease (reduction of toxic protein accumulation in the brain through better sleep), prevention of metabolic diseases such as metabolic syndrome (weight regulation, reduction of cholesterol levels, improved insulin sensitivity), improved digestion (reduction of gastrointestinal disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and constipation), reduction of symptoms of neurological diseases (better management of disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and neuropathies), improvement of gynecological health (regulation of menstrual cycles, reduction of menstrual pain, improvement of fertility),Prevention of urinary tract diseases (reduction of urinary tract infections, improved kidney function), improvement of dermatological diseases (reduction of acne, eczema, psoriasis, and other skin conditions through restorative sleep), prevention of cardiovascular diseases (reduction of the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and high blood pressure), improvement of respiratory health (reduction of asthma symptoms, chronic bronchitis, and improved lung function), improvement of bone and joint health (reduction of arthritis pain, improved bone regeneration), improvement of immune function (reduction of infections, prevention of autoimmune diseases), improvement of endocrine health (better hormonal regulation, prevention of thyroid imbalances), improvement of musculoskeletal health (better muscle recovery,reduction of chronic pain), improved oral health (reduced inflammation, better prevention of cavities), improved reproductive health (prevention of sexual dysfunctions, improved fertility).

[0195] The present invention relates to a broader field than ophthalmic optics. It covers the invention of all devices that block artificial light, particularly in a preferred embodiment, provided that the said device is used under the environmental and temporal conditions described in this application (i.e., preferably but not exclusively, after sunset or before sunrise in an artificially lit world), and for the benefits to the human body and mind that this may provide (mentioned but not exhaustively in the description).

[0196] The present invention also covers the future use of lenses incorporating an intelligent filter or a time-based activation, automatic or not, adjusting the light filtering according to the time of day, in particular through the use of light sensors or chronobiological technologies, even if these functionalities are not explicitly described in this application.

[0197] It also relates to a process which consists of blocking light during the physiological nighttime periods of human beings (after or from sunset, before or until sunrise) for any preventive, therapeutic, performance, or well-being effect that this provides to humans, in particular but not exclusively the effects described in the description. The preferred means is a spectacle lens, with or without correction, but is not limited to this: it can be any other technology present between an artificial light source and the human eye.

[0198] This solution has an industrial application: it is producible, effective, with a natural mechanism of action and without other obvious risks than those of wearing glasses and the possible consequences of an increased propensity for sleep; it is comfortable, lightweight, and easily deliverable. Examples of use cases

[0199] Scenario 1: Sunset on a beach isolated from the modern world.

[0200] Context: a subject is sitting on the sand at sunset on a secluded beach in the A modern world, without phones, streetlights, cars, or restaurants. This beach is wild. The subject does not need to use the solution throughout the evening, as long as they do not encounter any source of artificial light. The solution is preferably a pair of spectacles, with or without corrective lenses, worn in both eyes of a frame. It can also be any other solution that blocks artificial light.

[0201] Scenario 2: Sunset on a beach in Cannes, France.

[0202] Context: a subject is sitting on the sand, at sunset, on a beach at Cannes, with his phone. Behind him are streetlights, cars with modern 21st-century headlights, restaurants, and buses. At sunset itself, the subject does not carry the solution. Immediately after the sun dips below the horizon and disappears, the subject still does not carry the solution, as the sky is still clear. However, as soon as the car headlights, streetlights, and restaurant lights become intensely illuminated, and the sky gradually darkens, the user instinctively chooses the right moment to carry the solution. Typically, though not the only way the solution is used, this can occur between five minutes and one hour after sunset.If, 4 minutes after sunset, the user were illuminated by the headlight of a car while walking on the beach shoreline (cycle path, for example), he could quite rightly choose to wear the invention described at that time.

[0203] Scenario 3: Evening with friends.

[0204] Context: A subject is invited to a party with friends. At the beginning of the evening, it is still light, and the subject therefore chooses not to wear the solution yet. But, once the sun has set, and darkness takes over from the light, there comes a moment when the subject will feel, according to his natural instinct and not according to a precisely established rule, and this is also what this patent application covers (natural instinct and approximation based on the number of possible situations), the need to protect himself from artificial light with the invention he will be wearing in front of his eyes.

[0205] Scenario 4: Night driving

[0206] Context: On the road between Cannes and Paris, the sun has set for over an hour, it is dark, and car headlights illuminate the road, dazzling the driver. According to a preferred and safer mode of this invention, it is not recommended to wear the device, even though it would significantly reduce glare. This is because wearing it would impair reaction time and increase the risk of drowsiness while driving.

[0207] Scenario 5: in a bathroom, at night

[0208] Context: In his bathroom in Paris, the subject, at 11 p.m., is wearing the device to protect himself from artificial light, particularly bathroom lighting. When he goes to shower, the user does not wear the device. Upon leaving the shower, he puts it back on, and continues to wear it until he wants to go to sleep, usually in his bed.

[0209] Scenario 6: In a bedroom, at night

[0210] Context: In his bedroom, at 11:30 p.m., and therefore at night, having just left the bathroom, the subject wears the solution while undressing, reading a book or using his phone with a light illuminating him. He is protected, and the comfort, not only visual, provided by the invention is felt instantly. However, when it's time to sleep, he places his solution on his bedside table, preferably with a protective case.

[0211] By wearing the invention in the evening before going to bed, ideally just after sunset, the user falls asleep quickly, sleeps deeply, repairs his cells (especially his mitochondria) and a controlled secretion of melatonin, and wakes up regenerated and ready to be active the next day.

[0212] The solution may be an optical device other than an ophthalmic lens. For example, it may be a lens implanted after cataract surgery, or a filter on or arranged within a screen. It may be equipped with an artificial light detection function, to which it responds by activating when artificial light is detected after sunset.

[0213] Scenario 7: Waking up at 4 a.m. in September in a large city

[0214] Context: The morning before sunrise is a period of physiological darkness for human beings. The artificial light of the big city and the subject's dwelling, at This particular moment goes against the grain of his physiology and health. Thus, before sunrise, the subject wears the device, for all the benefits it provides. Although cortisol secretion has begun, and although the subject is awake, the device will protect his eyes, his brain, and all the physicochemical processes that depend on them, as well as his circadian rhythm, since he will be more focused after sunrise and sleep better after sunset because he will not have disrupted his biological clock by being overexposed to artificial light before sunrise.

[0215] Scenario 8: Write a PowerPoint presentation at 10 PM after sunset.

[0216] Context: The subject was unable to prepare their presentation beforehand. They absolutely had to finish it before presenting it the next day. After their evening meal, even though it was already dark, they chose to turn on their computer, place the described solution in front of them, and work. The invention allowed them to work in the evening peacefully, without the perceived and actual discomfort of artificial light from their screen or their entire lighting environment. More focused, with less eye and head pain, and less anxiety, the subject successfully prepared their presentation in less time than expected and delivered it successfully after a restful night's sleep. This was thanks to the darkness they needed and the protection from new, potentially harmful light that would have activated many of their physiological processes at an inopportune time and thus disrupted them. List of figures

[0217] Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, with reference to the accompanying figures, which illustrate:

[0218] [Fig. 1]: Spectrum of light in space transmitted by the sun as a function of wavelength

[0219] [Fig.2]: Diagram of the biological processes enabled by eye and eye exposure skin exposed to sunlight

[0220] [Fig.3]: Spectrum of light transmitted by artificial light sources: LEDs for lighting

[0221] [Fig.4]: Spectrum of light transmitted by artificial light sources: LEDs for information (screens)

[0222] [Fig.5]: Spectrum of light transmitted by artificial light sources: fluorescent lamps (neon tubes, CFLs)

[0223] [Fig.6]: Transmittance spectrum of light through one of the modes of implementation of the solution

[0224] [Fig.7]: Wavelengths blocked by patents filed so far describing other ophthalmic lenses blocking light, in particular blue light and ultraviolet light, with two errors in our opinion.

[0225] [Fig.8]: The current state of knowledge concerning the synaptic connections of ipRGCs. Detailed description of the figures

[0226] [Fig.1]

[0227] Figure represents the light emitted by the sun on Earth. Sunlight has accompanied life on Earth for 4.5 billion years. Human beings, who likely appeared 2 million years ago, evolved in synergy with it, respecting the near-total darkness after sunset and before sunrise. The spectrum of light emitted by the sun is continuous, qualitative due to the energy of its photons, harmonious—photons of different wavelengths complement each other, producing varied effects on human physiology—and variable throughout the day—the angle of incidence of the light changes progressively in a predictable way, interpreted by the human body. It emits heat through incandescence—red and infrared light—and is respectful of human physiology if we can adapt to it, as has remained the case for more "primitive," remote populations who suffer neither from sunburn nor skin cancer. Irradiance, in watts per square meter per nanometer, i.e. in W / m2 / nm, indicates the amount of light energy received by a surface of one square meter for each nanometer of wavelength.

[0228] [Fig.2]

[0229] Figure representing the light emitted by the sun, omitting the rest of the electromagnetic spectrum, beginning with ultraviolet and ending with infrared, as well as its benefits to humans related to exposure to natural light. This light, partly invisible, is received and interpreted by humans through two synergistic systems: the eyes and the integumentary system—skin, mucous membranes, hair, nails—and primarily through non-visual photopigments—melanopsin, encephalopsin, and others—and visual photopigments—rhodopsin, iodopsin. Numerous cells are specialized in interpreting the signal and light energy to trigger deeper physiological processes that enable life, for example, through ipRGCs—intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, melanocytes, keratinocytes, hair follicles...Without light - because of a lifestyle spent indoors, hidden by walls and windows - or with an incomplete light spectrum - for example, without ultraviolet because of blue light blocking glasses worn during the day, because of sunscreen, because of windows, or without infrared because of windows again - the human being not only. This dysfunction—cause or correlation with all of today's chronic diseases—also leads to a loss of ability to manage the energy provided by the full spectrum of light, thus diminishing its capabilities and increasing its risk of suffering the potentially harmful effects, in this specific case, of sunlight—sunburn, burns, skin cancers, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, etc. This figure emphasizes the vital importance of exposing the skin and eyes to light, with which human beings have always evolved but from which they have become partially disconnected over the last three decades.

[0230] Ultraviolet light, as well as blue light from natural sources – the sun – are vital for these compounds, their precursors or their substrate products:

[0231] - POMC: pro-opiomelanocortin, a precursor protein which, when cleaved, produces several important peptides involved in various biological functions; see below.

[0232] - MSH: yMSH for pigmentation, appetite control, regulation immune system, stress response, a-MSH for similar functions

[0233] - ACTH: Adrenocorticotropic hormone. It promotes the release of Glucocorticoids, gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, hepatic protein synthesis, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive functions, promotes the sensitivity of blood vessels to catecholamines important for blood pressure, participates in hydro-electrolytic regulation, particularly sodium-potassium, in concert with mineralocorticoids, promotes skin pigmentation

[0234] - BL: [3-Lipotropin. It promotes the regulation of appetite and lipid metabolism.]

[0235] - BE: [3-Endorphin. It participates in the endogenous management of analgesic pain endogenous, mood regulation, stress response control, behavior control

[0236] - TY: Tyrosine. Tyrosine is present in the eyes, particularly in the retina and the lens, absorbs ultraviolet, and can thus be converted into: dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, melanin which is present in the retinal pigment epithelium and the iris, thyroid hormones, tyramine which plays a role in blood pressure.

[0237] - TR: Tryptophan. Tryptophan present in the eyes is a precursor of Serotonin and melatonin, both of which are important for retinal health, are present in the lens. It is particularly concentrated in the lens, and dysregulation of the lens is associated with the development of cataracts.

[0238] - PH: Phenylalanine. Phenylalanine is present in the eyes, and is a precursor of dopamine, noradrenaline, melatonin, melanin and phenylethylamine responsible for the feeling of euphoria.

[0239] - HI: Histidine. Histidine is present in the eyes and is an amino acid promoting immune system health, children's growth, antioxidant defenses and fatty acid metabolism.

[0240] - LP: Peptide bonds. All peptide bonds, that is to say all the Proteins in our body absorb ultraviolet wavelengths.

[0241] - AV: Antiviral. Blue and ultraviolet light has been suggested as having properties that alter the viability of viruses.

[0242] - D3: Vitamin D3, synthesized through the interaction between cholesterol and the keratinocyte membrane and ultraviolet light.

[0243] - M: Melanin. Melanin is directly influenced by UV exposure. The UV rays stimulate melanin production in the skin, which helps protect cells from UV damage by absorbing and dissipating light energy. This protection is essential for preventing skin damage and the risk of skin cancer, while also helping to maintain the integrity of skin tissue. - RC: Circadian rhythm.

[0244] - GR: Red blood cells. Red blood cell health is maintained directly or indirectly through ultraviolet and blue light. For example, vitamin D, synthesized by UV radiation, promotes the production and function of red blood cells, and also supports iron metabolism, which is essential for red blood cells. Natural blue light, by reducing oxidative stress and promoting the circadian rhythm, is beneficial to red blood cells.

[0245] - C: Collagen. Collagen absorbs UV and blue light, allowing it to slowing down light and allowing light to be transformed into mass, according to the mass-energy equivalence equation developed by Albert Einstein in 1905. Natural green and yellow light are also vital.

[0246] - CD: Pain control and anti-inflammatory properties. The properties Pain relief from green and red light has been suggested by the modulation of signaling pathways in peripheral nerves and the reduction of local inflammation. Red light improves the healing of damaged tissues, reduces postoperative pain, and decreases the symptoms of various inflammatory conditions.

[0247] - NV: Green light contributes to the perception of shades of green, which is important for perceiving the complexity of Nature.

[0248] - AO: Antioxidant. Green light enhances the antioxidant capacities of cells, which may have beneficial implications for protection against cellular damage and degenerative diseases. Yellow light reduces lipid peroxide levels and increases antioxidant enzyme levels in cells.

[0249] Red and infrared light contributes greatly to the health of the human body and mind.

[0250] - SM: Mitochondrial health. Red and near-infrared light has effects beneficial to mitochondrial health. Specific wavelengths, particularly in the red light spectrum between 600 and 650 nm and the near-infrared spectrum between 650 and 1000 nm, can stimulate ATP production, improve mitochondrial function, and reduce oxidative stress. These effects are important for cell regeneration, reducing muscle fatigue, and improving overall cellular energy health.

[0251] - PB: Photobiomodulation. Photobiomodulation, or PBM, uses light in the red and near-infrared wavelength ranges to stimulate biological processes at the cellular level. This technique improves tissue repair, reduces inflammation, and promotes cell regeneration. By activating mitochondria, PBM enhances ATP production, which can accelerate injury healing, reduce pain, and optimize muscle performance.

[0252] - SC: Hair health. Light, particularly in the red and near-red ranges Infrared light has been shown to have beneficial effects on hair health. Exposure to these wavelengths can stimulate blood circulation in the scalp, improve hair growth, and strengthen hair follicles. Light treatments, such as laser hair growth therapy, harness these properties to help treat hair loss and promote thicker, healthier hair.

[0253] All of this is made possible by the penetration of natural, non-pulsed, thermal light, temporally appropriate (present at the right times for humans), with an angle of incidence that varies constantly throughout the day and across the seasons at a given geographical point, into our interfaces with the sun. This is possible provided that exposure is controlled, gradual, and regular; because if these factors are not respected, the acute nature of exposure to energetic light (particularly ultraviolet) on unaccustomed skin or in unaccustomed eyes is indeed correlated with the occurrence of sunburn or eye damage, premature aging, and skin or choroidal cancers.

[0254] - UV: ultraviolet

[0255] - B: blue light (and violet, by extension)

[0256] - VJ: green light and yellow light

[0257] - R: red light

[0258] - IR: infrared light.

[0259] [Fig.3]

[0260] Figure representing the emission spectrum of blue Light Emitting Diodes or blue LEDs, which were invented by Shuji Nakamura, Isamu Akasaki, and Hiroshi Amano in 1992, and which are now used worldwide in all industries, and whose emitted energy increases according to the Haitz law described in the description. They are currently used for two main purposes: lighting and information. This figure represents the light spectrum emitted by blue or white LEDs, typically the lamps used everywhere today: in bathrooms, kitchens, car headlights, restaurants, subways, and streetlights.The spectrum is thus discontinuous, lacking the sun's qualitative photons, ultraviolet, and infrared radiation to avoid wasting energy by generating heat. It has a constant angle of incidence and is often positioned directly above human head height, making humans appear awake as if it were midday, to put it simply. Most importantly, it is illuminated at a time the human body doesn't expect it, keeping them awake in a state that is sometimes lethargic, depressed, and stressed, and massively disrupting their circadian rhythm with all the harmful consequences this creates for their health. Furthermore, since the LED is a computer chip connected to alternating current, the emitted light is pulsed, which leads to adverse effects such as epilepsy, migraines, and concentration problems.The emitted light is predominantly blue in the 460-470nm range, which happens to be the peak sensitivity of ipRGCs. However, the figure also shows the presence of numerous green and yellow photons, which, given that they are artificially sourced and transmitted to the human eye at a time contrary to human nature—primarily after sunset—potentially have adverse effects on human health. Furthermore, if more than 60% of the green and yellow photons were blocked by any device, in addition to the more than 76% blocking of artificial blue light at the optimal time for human physiology, the result would be uncomfortable or even dangerous. This highlights the need to find the optimal balance between benefits and risks: effective protection while still enjoying pleasant evenings, among other things. Light is measured here according to a spectral quantum distribution of energy, or spectral quantum distribution (SQD), measured in photons per second per square meter per nanometer, or photons / s / m² / nm, or in pmol / s / nm. It expresses the number of photons, that is to say, quanta of energy emitted, transmitted, or reflected per unit area, per unit time, and per unit wavelength or frequency.

[0261] [Fig.4]

[0262] Screens are a type of LED. They are ubiquitous today and will continue to exist in future decades: smartphones, tablets, computers, televisions, handheld consoles, street and roadside advertising, and various displays. These, described Dr. Jack Kruse described them as alienated suns, having an emission spectrum based primarily on three colors that generally produce a white light. Just like the spectrum of LEDs used for lighting, that of screens is harmful to human health, a fact described by all major health institutions: European, American, and Chinese, while acknowledging the lack of long-term data on the true future consequences due to the recent and widespread adoption of this new technology.

[0263] Light is measured here according to a spectral quantum distribution of energy, or spectral quantum distribution (SQD), measured in photons per second per square meter per nanometer, or photons / s / m² / nm, or in pmol / s / nm. It expresses the number of photons, that is to say, quanta of energy emitted, transmitted, or reflected per unit area, per unit time, and per unit wavelength or frequency.

[0264] [Fig.5]

[0265] Figure [Fig. 5] shows the light emission spectrum of fluorescent lamps. Fluorescent lamps differ from LEDs in their light emission mechanism: they consist of a bulb containing mercury vapor that fluoresces when alternating current is introduced. The electric current excites the mercury vapor, which then produces ultraviolet light. This ultraviolet light is subsequently converted into visible light by the fluorescent material. The main types of fluorescent lamps are neon tubes and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). Their light spectrum is even more discontinuous; the emitted photons are sometimes more energetic or more numerous than those of LEDs. The pulse frequency of modern fluorescent lamps (with electronic, not magnetic, ballasts) is between 20,000 and 60,000 Hz, meaning that the light presented here is emitted between 20,000 and 60,000 times per second.Beyond this difference from sunlight, it is interesting to note the discontinuity of the spectrum, as well as the number of different wavelength ranges emitted. Regarding this last point, it is worth noting that blocking blue light (380-500nm) is not sufficient for fluorescent lamps: it is also necessary to block, to a sufficient extent (greater than 46% according to this requirement), green and yellow light (500-650nm). It is also necessary to transmit all red light, in a preferred embodiment, to allow the user to be protected in the evening while maintaining comfortable use.

[0266] Light is measured here according to a spectral quantum distribution of energy, or spectral quantum distribution (SQD), measured in photons per second per square meter per nanometer, or photons / s / m² / nm, or in pmol / s / nm. It expresses the number of photons, that is to say, quanta of energy emitted, transmitted, or reflected per unit area, per unit time, and per unit wavelength or frequency.

[0267] [Fig.6]

[0268] Figure 6 shows the transmittance of one of the embodiments of the developed ophthalmic lens. It can be worn without visual correction. By wearing it after sunset and before sunrise, this particular lens allows for the natural, partial or total restoration of numerous biological processes enabled by maintaining darkness during nighttime periods: melatonin secretion, calmness, mood, eye strain, migraines, sleep efficiency, protection against oxidative stress induced by artificial light, quality of the following day, and therefore cognitive and physical performance. The developed ophthalmic lens is designed with or without visual correction. It thus blocks artificial light at the most opportune time, such as:

[0269] - in the 380-500nm range, at least 76% of the amount of light is blocked, that is- meaning that at most 24% of the light is transmitted.

[0270] - in the 500-650nm range, at least 41% of the amount of light is blocked, that is- meaning that at most 59% of the light is transmitted.

[0271] - or another combination including the features immediately mentioned above

[0272] Light is measured here according to a spectral quantum distribution of energy, or spectral quantum distribution (SQD), measured in photons per second per square meter per nanometer, or photons / s / m² / nm, or in pmol / s / nm. It expresses the number of photons, that is to say, quanta of energy emitted, transmitted, or reflected per unit area, per unit time, and per unit wavelength or frequency.

[0273] The figure illustrates only one embodiment, and only one result obtained; the performance in terms of blocking and therefore transmittance may vary and are concerned by this request as long as they respect one or the other of the two spectral characteristics mentioned above, that is to say those indicated on the 380-500nm and 500-650nm ranges.

[0274] [Fig.7]

[0275] Figure 7 shows, in a dotted square, the effectiveness of light-blocking lenses according to the prior art, abbreviated as EAA in the figure, compared with the light emitted by artificial lamps. It represents the wavelengths blocked by patents filed to date describing other light-blocking ophthalmic lenses, in particular blue light and ultraviolet light, compared with the light actually emitted by an LED shown in vertical black rectangles in the graph. Common sense dictates that the prior art makes two errors, in our opinion.

[0276] The first error, not addressed in the figure, is the recommendation to wear these glasses all day, depriving human physiology of an important part of what it has always evolved with: natural ultraviolet and natural blue light between 200 and 410-420 nm, and by extension 440 nm. Indeed, these wavelengths, blocked by the lenses of the patents indicated, are blocked during the day. To see some vital aspects facilitated by the penetration of light from 250 to 440 nm into the eyes and skin of the human body, see [Fig. 2].

[0277] The second error, shown in the figure, is the failure of these lenses to block wavelengths that actually correspond to the waves emitted by all artificial lights of the twenty-first century, specifically those characterized by a quantitative peak in emission at 450 to 470 nm. Indeed, none of the current artificial light sources emit light below 440 nm, rendering the inventions of the previous patents completely, i.e., 100%, ineffective. Artificial light emission from LEDs and fluorescent lamps always begins after 441 nm. It is represented by vertical black rectangles.

[0278] The relative intensity of the light can be measured according to the various measurements indicated in the description, such as the spectral distribution of energy quantum in photons / s / m² / nm, i.e., in the figure in p / s / m² / nm, or pmol / s / nm, the energy in Joules, and the power in Watts. It must be measured according to international standard conditions also indicated in the description.

[0279] In terms of timing as well as accuracy or relevance of effectiveness, the invention remedies what we consider to be errors. This timing, as well as this accuracy of effectiveness, is more relevant to human health and happiness.

[0280] - UV: ultraviolet

[0281] - B: blue light (and violet, by extension)

[0282] - VJ: green light and yellow light

[0283] - R: red light

[0284] - IR: infrared light.

[0285] [Fig.8]

[0286] Figure 8 represents the current state of knowledge regarding the synaptic connections of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). White squares surrounded by black represent presynaptic connections, and black squares represent postsynaptic connections. ipRGCs are the first cells to receive and respond directly to light in the retina.

[0287] - CAD: dopaminergic amacrine cells

[0288] - CB: bipolar cells, located between the cones and rods on the one hand, and the Ganglion cells, on the other hand, transmit visual information to the ipRGCs.

[0289] - ipRGCs: intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells of the intrinsically photosensitive retina

[0290] - SCN: suprachiasmatic nucleus, in the hypothalamus, conductor of the rhythm circadian

[0291] - VLPO: ventrolateral preoptic nucleus, in the hypothalamus, playing the key role of the triggering of the sleep machine, as highlighted for example by the scientific community, in particular Professors José Haba-Rubio and Dr. Raphaël Heinzer, in their book I dream of sleeping.

[0292] - NPV: paraventricular nucleus, in the hypothalamus, regulating temperature and appetite.

[0293] - IGL: intergeniculate leaflet, in the thalamus, regulating the circadian rhythm also

[0294] - NP: pretectal nucleus, in the thalamus, enabling the pupillary light reflex

[0295] - A: amygdala, essential for managing emotions, such as fear and Anxiety and behavioral management. It also plays a role in the formation of emotional memories. It is connected in particular to the hippocampus, which serves as a storage site for information and memories. - CS: superior colliculus, influencing eye movements and visual response - CV: visual cortex or occipital cortex, essential for the detailed processing of visual information. The ipRGCs are at the crossroads of primitive and complex human functions, including but not limited to vision, enabling humans to live and perform when they perceive the light they need to perceive at the right time.

Claims

Demands

1. A filtering optical device comprising at least one means of blocking an amount of light in the wavelength range of 380 to 800 nanometers, preferably 440 to 650 nanometers.

2. Optical device according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises an organic polymer type material.

3. Optical device according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the blocking means comprises at least one optical filter filtering a given quantity of light having wavelengths in a predefined range, said optical filter being made by at least one absorption filter and / or at least one reflector filter and / or at least one polarizer and / or at least one interference filter.

4. Optical device according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the blocking means comprises at least one multilayer filter, each thin layer being made of a dielectric material having its own refractive index, the layers being arranged to cause destructive interference in a given wavelength range.

5. Optical device according to any one of claims 2 to 4 characterized in that the blocking means comprises at least one layer having a predefined amount of material integrated into the mineral glass or polymer to selectively absorb a given range of wavelengths.

6. Optical device according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the means blocking the light arriving on the front or rear face of the lens cuts the light such that over the range 380-500nm, at least 76% of the quantity of light is blocked, i.e. that at most 24% of the quantity of light is transmitted.

7. Optical device according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the means of cutting off the light arriving on the front or rear face cuts off the light such that in the 500-650nm range, at least 41% of the quantity of light is blocked, i.e. that at most 59% of the light is transmitted.

8. An optical device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means block light arriving on the front or rear face cuts the light such that in the 650 to 800nm ​​range, less than 10% of the amount of light is blocked.

9. Optical device according to the first or second claim, comprising a monolayer lens substrate comprising a first quantity of one or more blue light absorbing agents, a second quantity of one or more green light absorbing agents, a third quantity of one or more yellow light absorbing agents.

10. Optical device according to the first or second claim, comprising a monolayer lens substrate comprising a fourth amount of one or more ultraviolet light-absorbing agents and / or a fifth amount of one or more infrared light-absorbing agents.

11. Optical device according to the first or second claim, characterized in that it comprises a light-absorbing coating applied to the main front or rear face, and / or a light-reflecting coating on the front or rear face.

12. Optical device according to any prior claim, distinguished by the use of a light-blocking dye integrated into the lens or a filter blocking blue, green, or yellow light.

13. Optical device according to any prior claim, wherein the blocking means is an interference filter configured to block a first quantity of light in the blue band, a second quantity of light in the green band, a third quantity of light in the yellow band.

14. Optical device according to any prior claim, characterized in that the lens is a corrective lens having a modification of the refractive index, adapted to correct visual defects such as myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism or presbyopia, the refractive index being between 1.5 and 1.74, according to the specific optical correction needs of the wearer.

15. A filtering optical device according to any one of claims 1 to 14 characterized in that it forms an ophthalmic lens, i.e. a contact lens or a spectacle lens.

Images