Satellite positioning calculator with an inter-satellite optical communication system on an anti-Earth side

Abstract

Positioning computer for satellite having an inter-satellite optical communication system on an anti-Earth face. Positioning computer for a satellite (10) intended to move in an orbital plane (P), the satellite being intended to comprise: - a casing (32) having an Earth face (34) defining a Z axis of the satellite intended to point towards the Earth (12), - at least one optical system for communicating with another satellite located in the orbital plane, the first optical system being intended to be located on an anti-Earth face (46), and to have an azimuth field of view around the Z axis, the field of view being limited by an occlusion angle due to the casing.The calculator is adapted to obtain a parameter representing a solar angle (β) defined by the Sun (16) with the orbital plane, and to perform the calculation of a parameter representing the yaw angle (ψ) of the satellite using at least the parameter representing the solar angle and a parameter representing the shutter angle. Figure for the abbreviation: Figure 1.

Description

Title of the invention: Satellite positioning computer having an inter-satellite optical communication system on an anti-Earth face

[0001] DOMAIN

[0002] The present invention relates to a satellite positioning calculator, in particular for telecommunications, adapted to provide a parameter representative of a yaw angle of the satellite, the satellite being intended to move in an orbital plane, and to communicate with at least one other satellite located in the orbital plane using an optical system, the calculator being adapted to obtain a parameter representative of a solar angle defined by the Sun with the orbital plane, and to perform a calculation of the parameter representative of the yaw angle using at least the parameter representative of the solar angle.

[0003] The invention also relates to a satellite comprising such a computer.

[0004] The invention also relates to a method for providing the representative parameter of the yaw angle, a corresponding computer program product, as well as a method for positioning such a satellite. EARLIER ART

[0005] It is known to operate satellite constellations establishing optical inter-satellite links. Inter-satellite links allow a satellite to connect directly to its neighbors without having to reconnect to a third country. These links, through successive hops, offer the possibility, within the framework of a global constellation, of connecting a user anywhere on Earth to a ground station also anywhere on Earth.

[0006] In a constellation, at least some of the satellites evolve in the same orbital plane (they are said to be "intra-planes"), with relatively constant angular distances between them, and communicate with each other from one to the next using optical systems allowing them to emit and / or receive signals.

[0007] Each satellite has a so-called "Earth" face which defines a Z axis pointing towards the Earth and which includes antennas towards users, antennas towards ground stations and possibly other equipment aimed at the Earth.

[0008] Furthermore, for its power supply, each satellite includes one or more solar panels mounted to rotate relative to the satellite casing around a Y-axis perpendicular to the Z-axis. An X-axis perpendicular to the other two is also defined. The X-axis defines, with a reference X0 axis in the orbital plane, a yaw angle of the satellite around the Z-axis.

[0009] The orientation of each satellite is usually controlled so that the solar panels can, by rotating around the Y-axis, be positioned perpendicular to the solar radiation. To do this, a computer determines a yaw angle value such that the Sun is in the plane defined by the X-axis and the Z-axis.

[0010] Each satellite is thus subject to a control law, called "yaw steering law" which ensures that the solar panels are correctly oriented according to the angle made by the Sun with respect to the orbital plane, and the position of the satellite on its orbit.

[0011] Each satellite, for example, includes up to three or four optical systems ensuring inter-satellite links. Each optical system aims at another satellite in a direction forming an angle of, for example, 60° with the Z-axis in the orbital plane. In order to keep the other satellite in its field of view under all circumstances, knowing that the yaw angle potentially varies from 0° to 180°, each of the optical systems is located on the Earth's side.

[0012] The presence of optical systems, in addition to the other aforementioned equipment, on the Earth side creates a certain amount of clutter on the Earth side, which must be taken into account when designing satellites.

[0013] One object of the invention is to remedy all or part of the above disadvantages, by providing equipment to alleviate the constraint due to the bulkiness of the Earth face, while preserving the operation of the satellite, in particular the inter-satellite links. Summary of the invention

[0014] The invention relates to a satellite positioning calculator adapted to provide a parameter representative of a yaw angle of the satellite, the satellite being intended to move in an orbital plane, the satellite and a subsolar point of the orbital plane being intended to define a position angle of the satellite as seen from Earth, the satellite being intended to understand:

[0015] - a casing having a Earth face defining a Z-axis of the satellite intended to point towards Earth,

[0016] - at least one solar panel mounted to rotate relative to the casing around a Y-axis of the satellite perpendicular to the Z axis, the satellite defining an X axis perpendicular to the Y axis and the Z axis, the X axis and a reference axis X0 defining the yaw angle, the reference axis X0 being perpendicular to the Z axis, located in the orbital plane and oriented in the direction of an increase in the position angle, and

[0017] - at least a first optical system for communicating with another satellite located in the orbital plane, the first optical system being intended to be located on a anti-Earth face of the satellite, opposite the Earth face along the Z-axis, and intended to have an azimuth field of view around the Z-axis, the field of view including a first direction parallel to the Y-axis and extending to a second direction forming an angle of 180° with the first direction less a shutter angle due to the casing,

[0018] the computer being adapted to obtain a parameter representative of an angle solar angle defined by the Sun with the orbital plane, and to perform a calculation of the representative parameter of the yaw angle using at least the representative parameter of the solar angle,

[0019] in which the calculator is configured to use a parameter representative of the shutter angle in said calculation.

[0020] According to other advantageous aspects of the invention, the calculator comprises one or more of the following features, taken individually or in all technically possible combinations:

[0021] - it is configured to calculate the parameter representing the yaw angle differently depending on whether the parameter representing the solar angle belongs to ranges of values;

[0022] - it is configured so that: if the parameter representing the solar angle is such that If the solar angle is less than or equal in absolute value to a first threshold, the representative parameter of the yaw angle is equal to a constant; if the representative parameter of the solar angle is such that the solar angle is greater in absolute value than a second threshold that is higher than the first threshold, then the representative parameter of the yaw angle is calculated according to a control law such that the Sun is destined to lie in a plane defined by the X-axis and the Z-axis; and if the representative parameter of the solar angle is such that the solar angle is less than or equal in absolute value to the second threshold and greater than the first threshold, then the representative parameter of the yaw angle is calculated according to said control law limited to a maximum value; and

[0023] - the first threshold is equal to the shutter angle divided by two; the second threshold is equal to the shutter angle; said maximum value is equal to 180° minus the shutter angle; and / or said constant is equal to zero.

[0024] The invention also relates to a satellite intended to move in an orbital plane, the satellite and a subsolar point of the orbital plane defining a position angle of the satellite as seen from Earth, the satellite comprising:

[0025] - a casing having a ground face defining a Z-axis of the satellite intended to point towards Earth,

[0026] - at least one solar panel mounted to rotate relative to the casing around a Y-axis of the satellite perpendicular to the Z-axis, the satellite defining an X-axis perpendicular to the Y-axis and the Z-axis, the X-axis and a reference axis X0 defining a yaw angle of the satellite around the Z-axis, the reference axis XO being perpendicular to the Z-axis, located in the orbital plane and oriented in the direction of an increase in the position angle,

[0027] - at least a first optical system for communicating with another satellite located in the orbital plane, the first optical system being located on an anti-Earth face of the satellite, opposite the Earth face along the Z axis, and having an azimuth field of view around the Z axis, the field of view including a first direction parallel to the Y axis and extending to a second direction forming with the first direction an angle of 180° less a shutter angle due to the casing, and

[0028] - a calculator as described above, adapted to provide a parameter representative of the yaw angle, the calculator being adapted to obtain a parameter representative of a solar angle defined by the Sun with the orbital plane, and to perform a calculation of the parameter representative of the yaw angle using at least the parameter representative of the solar angle,

[0029] in which the calculator is configured to use a parameter representative of the shutter angle in said calculation.

[0030] According to other advantageous aspects of the invention, the satellite comprises one or more of the following features, taken individually or in all technically possible combinations:

[0031] - the anti-Earth face defines four corners, the first optical system being fixed on one from the four corners and protruding relative to the anti-Earth face along the Z-axis towards space; and

[0032] - the satellite includes a second optical system fixed to another of the four corners and being protruding with respect to the anti-Earth face along the Z-axis towards space, the other of the four corners being diagonally opposite to that of the four corners on which the first optical system is fixed.

[0033] The invention also relates to a method for providing a parameter representative of a yaw angle of a satellite, the satellite being intended to move in an orbital plane, the satellite and a subsolar point of the orbital plane being intended to define a position angle of the satellite as seen from Earth, the satellite being intended to include:

[0034] - a casing having a Earth face defining a Z-axis of the satellite intended to point towards Earth,

[0035] - at least one solar panel mounted to rotate relative to the casing around a Y-axis of the satellite perpendicular to the Z axis, the satellite defining an X axis perpendicular to the Y axis and the Z axis, the X axis and a reference axis X0 defining the yaw angle, the reference axis X0 being perpendicular to the Z axis, located in the orbital plane and oriented in the direction of an increase in the position angle, and

[0036] - at least a first optical system for communicating with another satellite located in the orbital plane, the first optical system being intended to be located on a anti-Earth face of the satellite, opposite to the Earth face along the Z axis, and intended to have an azimuth field of view around the Z axis, the field of view including a first direction parallel to the Y axis and extending to a second direction forming an angle of 180° with the first direction less a shutter angle due to the casing,

[0037] the method comprising:

[0038] - obtaining, by a computer as described above, a parameter representative of a solar angle defined by the Sun with the orbital plane, and

[0039] - a calculation, by the computer, of a parameter representative of the yaw angle in using at least the parameter representing the solar angle,

[0040] in which the method includes the use, by the calculator, of a parameter representative of the shutter angle in said calculation.

[0041] The invention also relates to a computer program product comprising software instructions which, when implemented by computer equipment, make it possible to carry out the process as defined above.

[0042] The invention also relates to a method for positioning a satellite as described above, the satellite moving in an orbital plane, the satellite and a subsolar point of the orbital plane defining a position angle of the satellite as seen from Earth, the method comprising:

[0043] - obtaining, by the computer, a parameter representative of the solar angle, and

[0044] - a calculation, by the computer, of a parameter representative of the yaw angle in using at least the parameter representing the solar angle,

[0045] in which the method includes the use, by the calculator, of a parameter representative of the shutter angle in said calculation. Brief description of the drawings

[0046] The invention will become clearer upon reading the following description, given solely by way of non-limiting example, and made with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0047] [Fig-1] [Fig.1] is a schematic view of a satellite according to the invention, in orbit around the Earth, the satellite is represented in four successive positions on its orbit, corresponding to four position angles of approximately 0°, 90°, 180° and 270°,

[0048] [Fig.2] [Fig.2] is a schematic view of a satellite constellation including the satellite shown in [Fig. 1], the constellation being located in the satellite's orbital plane and viewed in a direction perpendicular to the orbital plane,

[0049] [Fig. 3] [Fig. 3] is a schematic, perspective view of the satellite shown in Figures 1 and 2, showing two optical communication systems, with the Earth face of the satellite pointing upwards, and

[0050] [Fig.4] [Fig.4] is a schematic view of the satellite shown in Figures 1 to 3, along the Z axis, showing the anti-Earth face, the two optical systems represented on [Fig.3], and their respective fields of view. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Satellite

[0051] With reference to [Fig.1], an artificial satellite 10 according to the invention is described.

[0052] The satellite 10 is in orbit around the Earth 12, whose axis of proper rotation 14, in an orbital plane P with which the sun 16 defines a solar angle [3.

[0053] The satellite 10 defines with a sub-solar point S a position angle a in the orbital plane P, seen from the Earth 12. On [Fig.1], the satellite 10 is represented in four successive positions corresponding approximately to the values ​​0°, 90°, 180°, 270° of the position angle a.

[0054] The sub-solar point S indicates the direction of the Sun 16 relative to the Earth 12 in the orbital plane P.

[0055] Satellite 10 is, for example, a telecommunications satellite, comprising equipment specific to this function, known in themselves and which will not be detailed.

[0056] Satellite 10 advantageously forms part of a constellation 18, shown in [Fig.2], comprising for example five other satellites 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 similar to satellite 10 and moving in the orbital plane P, advantageously on the same orbit 30 as satellite 10. The other satellites 10, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 define for example successive angles al, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6 substantially equal as seen from Earth 12, of about 60° in the example.

[0057] In an alternative (not shown), the constellation 18 comprises a different number of satellites, for example seven or eight, and / or satellite 10, the other satellites 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 do not define substantially equal angles between them.

[0058] The satellite 10 comprises a casing 32 (figures 1, 3) having an Earth face 34 defining a Z axis linked to the satellite and pointing towards the Earth 12.

[0059] The satellite 10 comprises two solar panels 36, 38 mounted to rotate relative to the casing 32 around a Y axis of the satellite perpendicular to the Z axis.

[0060] In an alternative (not shown), satellite 10 comprises only one solar panel.

[0061] Satellite 10 also defines an X-axis perpendicular to the Y-axis and the Z-axis.

[0062] The X-axis and a reference axis X0 together define a yaw angle rp of the satellite around the Z axis, the reference axis X0 being perpendicular to the Z axis, located in the orbital plane P and oriented in the direction of an increase in the position angle a.

[0063] The satellite 10 includes a first optical system 40 (figures 3 and 4) for communicating with another satellite in the constellation 18, for example satellite 20 preceding satellite 10, and advantageously a second optical system 42 for communicating with another satellite, for example satellite 28 following satellite 10 in the constellation 18.

[0064] The satellite 10 includes a calculator 44 ([Fig.3]) adapted to provide a parameter representative of the yaw angle % for example the yaw angle rp itself.

[0065] By "a parameter representative of a quantity", it is meant that the quantity can can be obtained from this parameter.

[0066] As can be seen in Figures 3 and 4, the first optical system 40 and the second optical system 42 are located on an anti-Earth face 46 of the satellite, opposite to the Earth face 34 along the Z axis.

[0067] The anti-Earth face 46 defines for example four corners 48A, 48B, 48C, 48D, the first optical system 40 being advantageously fixed on one of the four corners 48A, 48B, 48C, 48D and being protruding with respect to the anti-Earth face 46 along the Z axis towards space 50 (opposite the Earth along the Z axis).

[0068] By "corner" we mean for example an area of ​​the anti-Earth face 46, located less than 30 cm from a summit, or even less than 20 cm.

[0069] The first optical system 40 has a field of view 52 in azimuth around the Z axis, the field of view 52 including a first direction DI parallel to the Y axis and extending without interruption to a second direction D2 forming with the first direction DI an angle of 180° less an angle of shutter y due to the box 32. Indeed, although the first optical system 40 is protruding with respect to the anti-Earth face 46, this face prevents it from communicating with the satellite 20 when the satellite 20 is in azimuth in the shaded angle 54 on the [Fig.4], the box 32 then constituting an obstacle to the optical signals 56.

[0070] Similarly, in the example, the second optical system 42 is advantageously fixed on another of the four corners 48A, 48B, 48C, 48D and protrudes from the anti-Earth face 46 along the Z axis towards space 50, the other of the four corners being diagonally opposite to that of the four corners on which the first optical system 40 is fixed.

[0071] The second optical system 42 has a field of view 58 in azimuth around the Z axis, the field of view 58 including a first direction Dl' parallel to the Y axis (and therefore to the direction Dl) and extending without interruption to a second direction D2' forming with the first direction Dl' an angle of 180° less the shutter angle y.

[0072] The shutter angle depends in particular on the shape of the casing 32, the elevation angle between the optical system 42 and the satellite 28, and the arrangement of the optical system 42 on the casing 32.

[0073] Advantageously, the first optical system 40 and the second optical system 42 are located cantilevered from the anti-Earth face 46, in particular along the Y axis. In other words, the first optical system 40 and the second optical system 42 "extend" from the anti-Earth face 46 along the Y axis. This cantilever is schematically visible in [Fig. 4].

[0074] The shutter angle is advantageously as small as possible, and is for example between 10° and 20°. Yaw angle calculator and calculation

[0075] The calculator 44 is adapted to obtain a parameter representative of the solar angle [3, for example the solar angle [3 itself, and advantageously at least one parameter representative of the shutter angle y, for example the shutter angle y, and to perform a calculation of the parameter representative of the yaw angle rp using at least the parameter representative of the solar angle [3 and the parameter representative of the shutter angle y.

[0076] In the example, the calculator 44 is also adapted to obtain a parameter representative of the position angle a, for example the position angle a itself, but the calculator 44 does not use it in all cases, as will be explained below.

[0077] The solar angle [3 and the position angle a are for example measurements provided by satellite sensors (not shown) known in themselves.

[0078] Alternatively, the solar angle [3 and the position angle a are themselves calculated by the calculator 44 from measurements.

[0079] The shutter angle is for example provided to the calculator 44 or is already present in a memory (not shown) of the calculator 44.

[0080] The calculator 44 is advantageously configured to calculate the yaw angle rp differently depending on whether the solar angle [3] belongs to ranges of values.

[0081] The calculator 44 is advantageously configured so that:

[0082] - if the solar angle [3] is greater in absolute value than a first SI threshold, then The yaw angle rp is calculated using the solar angle [3] and the representative parameter of the position angle a; and

[0083] - if the solar angle [3] is less than or equal in absolute value to the first SI threshold, the angle The yaw rate rp is calculated independently of the position angle a.

[0084] Calculator 44 is configured, for example, so that:

[0085] - if the solar angle [3] is greater in absolute value than a second threshold S2 at the first SI threshold, then the yaw angle rp is calculated according to a control law such that the Sun 16 is destined to be in a plane (X,Z) defined by the X axis and the Z axis;

[0086] - if the solar angle [3 is less than or equal in absolute value to the second threshold S2 and greater than the first threshold SI, then the yaw angle rp is calculated according to said control law limited to a maximum value M; and

[0087] - if the solar angle [3] is less than or equal in absolute value to the first SI threshold, the the representative parameter of the yaw angle rp is equal to a constant C.

[0088] For example, the first threshold SI is equal to the shutter angle y divided by two.

[0089] For example, the second threshold S2 is equal to the shutter angle y.

[0090] Advantageously, the maximum value M is equal to 180° minus the shutter angle y, and said constant C is equal to zero.

[0091] It should therefore be noted that the first threshold SI, the second threshold S2 and the maximum value M are parameters representative of the shutter angle y.

[0092] Thus, in the example:

[0093] If |j6| >S2, then:

[0094] ip = 90° +atanl [sign(l3)sin((3)\sign( / 3).sin( )cos({3)] (1)

[0095] SiSl< |^| <S2, alors :

[0096] ip = Max {M;90° + atan2 [sign[fi)sin( / 3);sign( / 3)sin( « )cos( / 3) ]} (2)

[0097] If |^| <S1, alors :

[0098] ip = C(3)

[0099] with SI = y; S2 = y / 2; M = 180°- y; C = 0°, all angles being expressed in degrees.

[0100] The operation of the calculator 44 is derived from its structure and will not be described in detail. This operation illustrates a method according to the invention.

[0101] The calculator 44 includes, for example, software and a processor (not shown) adapted to execute this software in order to implement such a process.

[0102] Alternatively, the calculator 44 includes one or more programmable logic circuits, such as FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) circuits, which totally or partially replace the software. Satellite positioning

[0103] A method for positioning the satellite 10 can also be deduced from the structure of the satellite 10 described above and will not be described in detail.

[0104] The representative parameter of the yaw angle rp, here the yaw angle rp itself, is advantageously transmitted to one or more effectors (not shown) of the satellite 10 adapted to modify the effective yaw angle of the satellite 10.

[0105] For values ​​of the solar angle [3 greater than y or less than -y, the satellite 10 follows a usual yaw control law. The Sun 16 is in the X,Z plane and the solar panels 36, 38 are perfectly oriented perpendicular to the solar radiation.

[0106] For values ​​of the solar angle [3 between y / 2 and y, or between -y and -y / 2, the control law remains the usual yaw control law, but limited to the maximum value M.

[0107] For even lower values ​​of the solar angle [3, between -y / 2 and y / 2, yaw control is stopped and the target yaw angle rp is 0°. The X-axis then points in the direction of the velocity vector of the satellite 10.

[0108] Thus, the solar panels 36, 38 undergo a maximum pointing error equal to y / 2. This creates a slight loss of electrical power supplied by the solar panels 36, 38, for example 0.4% if y = 10°. In addition, the face of the casing 32, which acts as a radiator to dissipate heat from the satellite 10, receives slight solar radiation, of approximately 25 W / m² under the aforementioned conditions. Benefits

[0109] Thanks to the characteristics described above, the computer 44 is adapted to provide a parameter representative of the yaw angle rp of the satellite 10, enabling proper positioning of the satellite 10, while the optical systems 40, 42 dedicated to inter-satellite communication are placed on the anti-Earth face 46 in a completely counterintuitive manner. In other words, the computer 44 allows the optical systems 40, 42 to be placed on the anti-Earth face 46 while ensuring their proper functioning.

[0110] Thus, the Earth face 34 is less cluttered, which relieves the constraint due to its bulk. In practice, the dimensions of the Earth face 34 can be reduced compared to a situation where the optical systems 40, 42 would be on the Earth face 34.

[0111] As seen above, for small solar angles, there is a slight mispointing of the Y axis relative to perfect yaw control, but the consequences of this mispointing are minimal compared to the benefits related to the uncluttering of the Earth face 34.

Claims

1.

2. Demands A satellite (10) positioning calculator (44) adapted to provide a parameter representative of a yaw angle (^p) of the satellite (10), the satellite (10) being intended to move in an orbital plane (P), the satellite (10) and a subsolar point (S) of the orbital plane (P) being intended to define a position angle (a) of the satellite (10) as seen from Earth (12), the satellite (10) being intended to include: - a casing (32) having an Earth face (34) defining a Z axis of the satellite (10) intended to point towards the Earth (12), - at least one solar panel (36) mounted to rotate relative to the casing (32) around a Y-axis of the satellite (10) perpendicular to the Z-axis, the satellite (10) defining an X-axis perpendicular to the Y-axis and the Z-axis, the X-axis and a reference axis X0 defining the yaw angle (rp), the reference axis X0 being perpendicular to the Z-axis, located in the orbital plane (P) and oriented in the direction of an increase in the position angle (a), and - at least one first optical system (40) for communicating with another satellite (20) located in the orbital plane (P), the first optical system (40) being intended to be located on an anti-Earth face (46) of the satellite (10), opposite the Earth face (34) along the Z-axis, and intended to have a field of view (52) in azimuth around the Z-axis, the field of view (52) including a first direction (D1) parallel to the Y-axis and extending to a second direction (D2) forming with the first direction (D1) an angle of 180° less a shutter angle (y) due to the casing (32), the computer (44) being adapted to obtain a parameter representative of a solar angle (|3) defined by the Sun (16) with the orbital plane (P), and to perform a calculation of the parameter representative of the yaw angle (ip) using at least the parameter representative of the solar angle (|3),characterized in that the calculator (44) is configured to use a parameter representing the shutter angle (y) in said calculation. Calculator (44) according to claim 1, characterized in that it is configured to calculate the parameter representing the yaw angle (rp) differently depending on whether the parameter representing the solar angle (|3) belongs to ranges of values.

3. Calculator (44) according to claim 2, characterized in that it is configured such that: - if the representative parameter of the solar angle (|3) is such that the solar angle (|3) is less than or equal in absolute value to a first threshold (SI), the representative parameter of the yaw angle (ip) is equal to a constant (C); - if the representative parameter of the solar angle (|3) is such that the solar angle (|3) is greater in absolute value than a second threshold (S2) greater than the first threshold (SI), then the representative parameter of the yaw angle (rp) is calculated according to a control law such that the Sun (16) is intended to be in a plane defined by the X axis and the Z axis;and - if the representative parameter of the solar angle (|3) is such that the solar angle (|3) is less than or equal in absolute value to the second threshold (S2) and greater than the first threshold (SI), then the representative parameter of the yaw angle (rp) is calculated according to said control law limited to a maximum value (M).;

4. Calculator (44) according to claim 3, characterized in that: - the first threshold (SI) is equal to the shutter angle (y) divided by two, - the second threshold (S2) is equal to the shutter angle (y), - said maximum value (M) is equal to 180° minus the shutter angle (y), and / or - said constant (C) is equal to zero.

5. Satellite (10) intended to move in an orbital plane (P), the satellite (10) and a subsolar point (S) of the orbital plane (P) defining a position angle (α) of the satellite as seen from the Earth (12), the satellite (10) comprising: - a casing (32) having an Earth face (34) defining a Z-axis of the satellite (10) intended to point towards the Earth (12), - at least one solar panel (36) mounted rotatably relative to the casing (32) about a Y-axis of the satellite (10) perpendicular to the Z-axis, the satellite (10) defining an X-axis perpendicular to the Y-axis and the Z-axis, the X-axis and a reference axis X0 defining a yaw angle (rp) of the satellite (10) about the Z-axis, the reference axis X0 being perpendicular to the Z-axis, located in the orbital plane (P) and oriented in the direction of an increase in the angle of position (a), - at least one first optical system (40) for communicating with another satellite (20) located in the orbital plane (P), the first optical system (40) being located on an anti-Earth face (46) of the satellite (10), opposite the Earth face (34) along the Z axis, and having a field of view (52) in azimuth around the Z axis, the field of view (52) including a first direction (D1) parallel to the Y axis and extending to a second direction (D2) forming with the first direction (D1) an angle of 180° less a shutter angle (y) due to the casing (32), and - a computer (44) according to any one of claims 1 to 4 adapted to provide a parameter representative of the yaw angle (rp), the computer (44) being adapted to obtain a parameter representative of a solar angle (|3) defined by the Sun (16) with the orbital plane (P),and to perform a calculation of the representative parameter of the yaw angle (rp) using at least the representative parameter of the solar angle (|3), characterized in that the calculator (44) is configured to use a representative parameter of the shutter angle (y) in said calculation.

6. Satellite (10) according to claim 5, wherein the anti-Earth face (46) defines four corners (48A, 48B, 48C, 48D), the first optical system (40) being fixed on one of the four corners (48A, 48B, 48C, 48D) and being protruding from the anti-Earth face (46) along the Z-axis towards space (50).

7. Satellite (10) according to claim 6, comprising a second optical system (42) fixed on another of the four corners (48A, 48B, 48C, 48D) and protruding from the anti-Earth face (46) along the Z-axis towards space (50), the other of the four corners (48A, 48B, 48C, 48D) being diagonally opposite to that of the four corners (48A, 48B, 48C, 48D) on which the first optical system (40) is fixed.

8. A method for providing a parameter representative of a yaw angle (ip) of a satellite (10), the satellite (10) being intended to move in an orbital plane (P), the satellite (10) and a subsolar point (S) of the orbital plane (P) being intended to define a position angle (a) of the satellite (10) as seen from the Earth (12), the satellite (10) being intended to comprise: - a casing (32) having an Earth face (34) defining a Z axis of the satellite (10) intended to point towards the Earth (12),

9. - at least one solar panel (36) mounted to rotate relative to the casing (32) around a Y-axis of the satellite (10) perpendicular to the Z-axis, the satellite (10) defining an X-axis perpendicular to the Y-axis and the Z-axis, the X-axis and a reference axis X0 defining the yaw angle (ip), the reference axis X0 being perpendicular to the Z-axis, located in the orbital plane (P) and oriented in the direction of an increase in the position angle (a), and - at least one first optical system (40) for communicating with another satellite (20) located in the orbital plane (P), the first optical system (40) being intended to be located on an anti-Earth face (46) of the satellite (10), opposite the Earth face (34) along the Z axis, and intended to have a field of view (52) in azimuth around the Z axis, the field of view (52) including a first direction (D1) parallel to the Y axis and extending to a second direction (D2) forming with the first direction (D1) an angle of 180° less a shutter angle (y) due to the casing (32), the method comprising: - obtaining, by a computer (44) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, a parameter representative of a solar angle (|3) defined by the Sun (16) with the orbital plane (P), and - a calculation, by the calculator (44), of a parameter representing the yaw angle (rp) using at least the parameter representing the solar angle (|3), characterized in that the method includes the use, by the calculator (44), of a parameter representing the shutter angle (y) in said calculation. Method for positioning a satellite (10) according to any one of claims 5 to 7, the satellite (10) moving in an orbital plane (P), the satellite (10) and a subsolar point (S) of the orbital plane (P) defining a position angle (a) of the satellite (10) as seen from the Earth (12), the method comprising: - obtaining, by the calculator (44), a parameter representative of the solar angle (|3), and - a calculation, by the calculator (44), of a parameter representing the yaw angle (rp) using at least the parameter representing the solar angle (|3), characterized in that the method includes the use, by the calculator (44), of a parameter representative of the shutter angle (y) in said calculation.

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