Vibration apparatus and display apparatus including the same

Abstract

A piezoelectric vibration generator 1 includes a conductive substrate 15, at least one piezoelectric vibration layer 21-1, 21-2, 21-3 at one surface of the conductive substrate 15, and at least one el

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2022-0190418 filed in the Republic of Korea on December 30, 2022. BACKGROUND Technical Field

[0002] The present disclosure relates to a vibration apparatus and a display apparatus including the same. The present disclosure also relates to a vibration apparatus for a display apparatus. Description of the Related Art

[0003] Display apparatuses include a display panel which displays an image and a sound apparatus for outputting sounds associated with an image displayed by the display panel. In display apparatuses, a screen is being progressively enlarged, but, the demand for a screen that is light ant thin is increasing.

[0004] In this regard, because the display apparatuses should have a sufficient space for embedding a sound apparatus such as a speaker for outputting a sound, it may be challenging to lighten and miniaturize the thickness of the display apparatuses. Further, a sound generated by the sound apparatus embedded in the display apparatus is generally output in a rearward direction or a sideward direction of the display apparatus instead of a forward direction of a display panel. Thus, the sound may not travel well toward a viewer or a user who is watching an image at a front position with respect to the display panel, which can cause a limitation of the immersion experience of a viewer watching an image being reduced.

[0005] Moreover, a speaker applied to such display apparatuses may be, for example, an actuator including a magnet and a coil. However, when the actuator is applied to the display apparatus, a thickness of the display apparatus can increase, which is not desirable. SUMMARY

[0006] An aspect of the present disclosure is directed to providing a vibration apparatus and a display apparatus including the same, which may vibrate a display panel to output a sound in a forward direction of the display panel.

[0007] Another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to providing a vibration apparatus and a display apparatus including the same, which may output a sound in a forward direction of a display panel, enhance the quality of a sound, and enhance a sound pressure level characteristic.

[0008] Another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to providing a vibration apparatus and a display apparatus including the same, which may output a sound in a forward direction of a display panel and may be slimmed.

[0009] Another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to providing a vibration apparatus integrated into a display panel and a display apparatus including the same.

[0010] Additional features, advantages, and aspects of the present disclosure are set forth in the present disclosure and will also be apparent from the present disclosure or may be learned by practice of the inventive concepts provided herein. Other features, advantages, and aspects of the present disclosure may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the present disclosure, or derivable therefrom, and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

[0011] To achieve these and other advantages and aspects of the present disclosure, as embodied and broadly described herein, in one or more aspects, a vibration apparatus may include a conductive substrate, at least one vibration layer at one surface of the conductive substrate, and at least one electrode layer at one surface of the at least one vibration layer. The at least one vibration layer and the at least one electrode layer may be alternately arranged in a stack on the surface of the conductive substrate.

[0012] In one or more aspects, a vibration apparatus may include a display panel and one or more vibration generating apparatuses configured to vibrate the display panel. Each of the one or more vibration generating apparatuses may include a conductive substrate, at least one vibration layer at one surface of the conductive substrate, and at least one electrode layer at one surface of the at least one vibration layer. The at least one vibration layer and the at least one electrode layer may be alternately arranged in a stack on the surface of the conductive substrate.

[0013] According to embodiments, a vibration apparatus and a display apparatus including the same, which may vibrate a display panel to output a sound in a fonvard direction of the display panel, may be provided.

[0014] According to embodiments, a vibration apparatus and a display apparatus including the same, which may output a sound in a forward direction of a display panel, enhance the quality of a sound, and enhance a sound pressure level characteristic, may be provided.

[0015] According to embodiments, a vibration apparatus and a display apparatus including the same, which may output a sound in a fonvard direction of a display panel and may be slimmed, may be provided.

[0016] According to embodiments, a vibration apparatus and a display apparatus including the same may be configured with a multi-layered piezoelectric device while excluding an isolation process of isolating a sacrificial layer from a piezoelectric layer, and thus, the manufacturing cost for process optimization for simplifying a process may be reduced and productivity may be enhanced.

[0017] According to embodiments, a vibration apparatus and a display apparatus including the same may realize a uni-materialization effect of simplifying a configuration of a part through integration of a display panel and the vibration apparatus.

[0018] Other systems, methods, features and advantages will be, or will become, apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination of the following figures and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features and advantages be included within this description, be within the scope of the present disclosure, and be protected by the following claims. Nothing in this section should be taken as a limitation on those claims. Further aspects and advantages are discussed below in conjunction with aspects of the disclosure.

[0019] It is to be understood that both the foregoing description and the following description are exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure as claimed. 2 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain principles of the disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 1 illustrates a vibration apparatus according to a first embodiment.

[0022] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 1-1’ in FIG. 1.

[0023] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 11-11' in FIG. 1.

[0024] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 111-111’ in FIG. 1.

[0025] FIG. 5 illustrates a connection structure of a signal cable connected with the vibration apparatus according to the embodiment in FIG. 1.

[0026] FIG. 6 illustrates a vibration apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IW in FIG. 6.

[0028] FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line V-V’ in FIG. 6.

[0029] FIG. 9 illustrates a connection structure of a signal cable connected with the vibration apparatus according to the embodiment in FIG. 6.

[0030] FIG. 10 illustrates a vibration apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VI-VI’ in FIG. 10.

[0032] FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VII-V1T in FIG. 10.

[0033] FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VI1I-VIIF in FIG. 10.

[0034] FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IX-IX’ in FIG. 10.

[0035] FIG. 15 illustrates a connection structure of a signal cable connected with the vibration apparatus according to the embodiment in FIG. 10.

[0036] FIGs. 16 and 17 illustrate unimorph driving of a vibration apparatus according to embodiments.

[0037] FIGs. 18 to 21 illustrate bimorph driving of a vibration apparatus according to embodiments.

[0038] FIG. 22 illustrates a display apparatus according to embodiments.

[0039] FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A’ in FIG. 22 according to one embodiment.

[0040] FIG. 24 illustrates one subpixel provided in a display part of FIG. 23.

[0041] FIG. 25 is another cross-sectional view taken along line A-A’ in FIG. 22 according to another embodiment.

[0042] FIG. 26 illustrates a rear surface of a display panel and a vibration generating apparatus, m a display apparatus according to embodiments.

[0043] FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B’ in FIG. 26.

[0044] FIG. 28 illustrates a display apparatus according to an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure to FIG. 26.

[0045] FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C in FIG. 28.

[0046] FIG. 30 illustrates a display apparatus according to another embodiment.

[0047] FIG. 31 illustrates a display apparatus according to another embodiment.

[0048] FIG. 32 illustrates a display apparatus according to another embodiment. 3

[0049] FIG. 33 illustrates a display apparatus according to another embodiment.

[0050] FIG. 34 illustrates a display apparatus according to another embodiment.

[0051] FIG. 35 is an enlarged view of a region Bl in FIG. 34.

[0052] FIG. 36 illustrates a display apparatus according to another embodiment.

[0053] FIG. 37 illustrates a display apparatus according to another embodiment.

[0054] FIG. 38 illustrates a display apparatus according to another embodiment.

[0055] FIG. 39 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D’ in FIG. 38.

[0056] FIG. 40 illustrates a display apparatus according to another embodiment.

[0057] FIG. 41 is a cross-sectional view taken along line E-E’ in FIG. 40.

[0058] FIG. 42 illustrates a rear surface of a display panel and a vibration generating apparatus, in a display apparatus according to another embodiment.

[0059] FIG. 43 is a cross-sectional view taken along line F-F’ in FIG. 42.

[0060] FIG. 44 illustrates a rear surface of a display panel and a vibration generating apparatus, m a display apparatus according to another embodiment.

[0061] FIG. 45 is a cross-sectional view taken along line G-G’ in FIG. 44.

[0062] FIG. 46 illustrates a plate member according embodiments.

[0063] FIG. 47 illustrates a vibration generating apparatus to which the plate member of FIG. 46 is applied.

[0064] Throughout the drawings and the detailed description, unless otherwise described, the same drawing reference numerals should be understood to refer to the same or like elements, features, and structures. The sizes, lengths, and thicknesses of layers, regions and elements, and depiction of thereof may be exaggerated for clarity, illustration, and / or convenience. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] Reference is now made in detail to embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which may be illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, when a detailed description of well-known functions, structures or configurations may unnecessarily obscure aspects of the present disclosure, the detailed description thereof may have been omitted for brevity. Further, repetitive descriptions can be omitted for brevity. The progression of processing steps and / or operations described is a non-limiting example.

[0066] The sequence of steps and / or operations is not limited to that set forth herein and may be changed to occur in an order that is different from an order described herein, with the exception of steps and / or operations necessarily occurring m a particular order. In one or more examples, two operations in succession may be performed substantially concurrently, or the two operations may be performed in a reverse order or in a different order depending on a function or operation involved.

[0067] Unless stated otherwise, like reference numerals may refer to like elements throughout even when they are shown in different drawings. In one or more aspects, identical elements (or elements with identical names) in different drawings may have the same or substantially the same functions and properties unless stated otherwise. Names of the respective elements used in the following explanations are selected only for convenience and may be thus different from those used in actual products.

[0068] Advantages and features of the present disclosure, and implementation methods thereof, are clarified through the embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are examples and are provided so that this disclosure may be thorough and complete, to assist those skilled in the art to understand the inventive concepts without limiting the protected scope of the present disclosure.

[0069] Shapes (e.g., sizes, lengths, widths, heights, thicknesses, locations, radii, diameters, and areas), ratios, angles, numbers, and the like disclosed herein, including those illustrated in the drawings are merely examples, and thus, the present disclosure is not limited to the illustrated details. Any implementation described herein as an “example” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other implementations. It is, however, noted that tire relative dimensions of the components illustrated in the drawings are part of the present disclosure.

[0070] When the term “comprise,” “have,” “include,” “contain,” “constitute,” “made of,” “formed of,” or the like with respect to one or more elements is used, one or more other elements may be added unless a term such as “only” or the like is used. The terms used in the present disclosure are merely used in order to describe example embodiments, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. The terms of a singular form may include plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0071] The word “exemplary” is used to mean serving as an example or illustration. Aspects are example aspects. “Embodiments,” “examples,” “aspects,” and the like should not be construed as preferred or advantageous over other implementations. An embodiment, an example, an example embodiment, an aspect, or the like may refer to one or more embodiments, one or more examples, one or more example embodiments, one or more aspects, or the like, unless stated otherwise. Further, the term “may” encompasses all the meanings of the term “can.”

[0072] In one or more aspects, unless explicitly stated otherwise, an element, feature, or corresponding information (e.g., a level, range, dimension, size, or the like) is construed to include an error or tolerance range even where no explicit description of such an error or tolerance range is provided. An error or tolerance range may be caused by various factors (e.g., process factors, internal or external impact, noise, or the like). In interpreting a numerical value, the value is interpreted as including an error range unless explicitly stated otherwise.

[0073] In describing a positional relationship, when the positional relationship between two parts (e.g., layers, films, regions, components, sections, or the like) is described, for example, using “on,” “upon,” “on top of,” “over,” “under,” “above,” “below,” “beneath,” “near,” “close to,” “adjacent to,” “beside,” “next to,” “at or on a side of,” or the like, one or more parts may be located between two other parts unless a more limiting term, such as “immediate(ly),” “direct(ly),” or “close(ly),” is used. For example, when a structure is described as being positioned “on,” “on a top of,” “upon,” “over,” “under,” “above,” “below,” “beneath,” “near,” “close to,” “adjacent to,” “beside,” “next to,” “at or on a side of,” or the like another structure, this description should be construed as including a case in which the structures contact each other as well as a case in which one or more additional structures are disposed or interposed therebetween. Furthermore, the terms "‘front,” “rear,” “back,” “left,” “right,” “top,” “bottom,” “downward,” “upward,” “upper,” “lower,” “up,” “down,” “column,” “row,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” and the like refer to an arbitrary frame of reference.

[0074] Spatially relative terms, such as “below,” “beneath,” “lower,” “on,” “above,” “upper” and the like, can be used to describe a correlation between various elements (e.g., layers, films, regions, components, sections, or the like) as shown in the drawings. The spatially relative terms are to be understood as terms including different orientations of the elements in use or in operation in addition to the orientation depicted in tire drawings. For example, if the elements shown in the drawings are turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements would be oriented “above” other elements. Thus, the term “below,” which is an example term, can include all directions of “above” and “below.” Likewise, an exemplary term “above” or “on” can include both directions of “above” and “below.”

[0075] In describing a temporal relationship, when the temporal order is described as “after,” “subsequent,” “next,” “before,” “preceding,” “prior to,” or the like a case which is not consecutive or not sequential may be included and thus one or more other events may occur therebetween, unless a more limiting term, such as “just,” “immediate(ly),” or “direct(ly)” is used.

[0076] The terms, such as “below,” “lower,” “above,” “upper” and the like, may be used herein to describe a relationship between element(s) as illustrated in the drawings. It will be understood that the terms are spatially relative and based on the orientation depicted in the drawings.

[0077] It is understood that, although the term “first”, “second,” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements (e.g., layers, films, regions, components, sections, or the like), these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to partition one element from another. For example, a first element could be a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be a first element, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the first element, the second element, and the like may be arbitrarily named according to the convenience of those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. For clarity, the functions or structures of these elements (e.g., the first element, the second element and the like) are not limited by ordinal numbers or the names in front of the elements. Further, a first element may include one or more first elements. Similarly, a second element or the like may include one or more second elements or the like.

[0078] In describing elements of the present disclosure, the terms “first,” “second,” “A,” “B,” “(a),” “(b),” or the like may be used. These terms are intended to identify the corresponding element(s) from the other element(s), and these are not used to define the essence, basis, order, sequence or number of the elements.

[0079] For the expression that an element (e.g., layer, film, region, component, section, or the like) is “connected,” “coupled,” “attached,” “adhered,” or the like to another element, the element can be not only directly connected, coupled, attached, adhered, or the like to another element, but also be indirectly connected, coupled, attached, adhered, or the like to another element with one or more intervening elements disposed or interposed between the elements, unless otherwise specified.

[0080] For the expression that an element (e.g., layer, film, region, component, section, or the like) “contacts,” “overlaps,” or the like with another element, the element can be not only directly contact, overlap, or the like with another element, but also indirectly contact, overlap, or the like with another element with one or more intervening elements disposed or interposed between the elements, unless otherwise specified.

[0081] The phase that an element (e.g., layer, film, region, component, section, or the like) is “provided in,” “disposed in,” or the like in another element may be understood as that at least a portion of the element is provided in, disposed in, or the like in another element, or that the entirety of the element is provided in, disposed in, or the like in another element. The phase that an element (e.g., layer, film, region, component, section, or the like) “contacts,” “overlaps,” or the like with another element may be understood as that at least a portion of the element contacts, overlaps, or the like with a least a portion of another element, that tire entirety of the element contacts, overlaps, or the like with a least a portion of another element, or that at least a portion of the element contacts, overlaps, or the like with the entirety of another element.

[0082] The terms such as a “line” or “direction” should not be interpreted only based on a geometrical relationship in which the respective lines or directions are parallel or perpendicular to each other, and may be meant as lines or directions having wider directivities within the range within which the components of the present disclosure can operate functionally. For example, the terms “first direction,” “second direction,” and the like, such as a direction parallel or perpendicular to “x-axis,” “y-axis,” or “z-axis,” should not be interpreted only based on a geometrical relationship in which the respective directions are parallel or perpendicular to each other, and may be meant as directions having wider directivities within the range within which the components of the present disclosure can operate functionally.

[0083] The term “at least one” should be understood as including any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. For example, each of the phrases of “at least one of a first item, a second item, or a third item” and “at least one of a first item, a second item, and a third item” may represent (i) a combination of items provided by two or more of the first item, the second item, and the third item or (ii) only one of the first item, the second item, or the third item.

[0084] The expression of a first element, a second elements “and / or” a third element should be understood as one of the first, second and third elements or as any or all combinations of the first, second and third elements. By way of example, A, B and / or C can refer to only A; only B; only C; any of A, B, and C (e.g., A, B, or C); or some combination of A, B, and C (e.g., A and B; A and C; or B and C); or all of A, B, and C. Furthermore, an expression “A / B” may be understood as A and / or B. For example, an expression “A / B” can refer to only A; only B; A or B; or A and B.

[0085] In one or more aspects, the terms “between” and “among” may be used interchangeably simply for convenience unless stated otherwise. For example, an expression “between a plurality of elements” may be understood as among a plurality of elements. In another example, an expression “among a plurality of elements” may be understood as between a plurality of elements. In one or more examples, the number of elements may be two. In one or more examples, the number of elements may be more than two. Furthermore, when an element (e.g., layer, film, region, component, sections, or the like) is referred to as being “between” at least two elements, the element may be the only element between the at least two elements, or one or more intervening elements may also be present.

[0086] In one or more aspects, the phrases “each other” and “one another” may be used interchangeably simply for convenience unless stated otherwise. For example, an expression “different from each other” may be understood as being different from one another. In another example, an expression “different from one another” may be understood as being different from each other. In one or more examples, the number of elements involved in the foregoing expression may be two. In one or more examples, the number of elements involved in the foregoing expression may be more than two.

[0087] In one or more aspects, the phrases “one or more among” and “one or more of’ may be used interchangeably simply for convenience unless stated otherwise.

[0088] The term “or” means “inclusive or” rather than “exclusive or.” That is, unless otherwise stated or clear from the context, the expression that “x uses a or b” means any one of natural inclusive permutations. For example, “a or b” may mean “a,” “b,” or “a and b.” For example, “a, b or c” may mean “a,” “b,” “c,” “a and b,” “b and c,” “a and c,” or “a, b and c.”

[0089] Features of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be partially or entirety coupled to or combined with each other, may be technically associated with each other, and may be variously inter-operated, linked or driven together. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented or carried out independently of each other, or may be implemented or carried out together in a co-dependent or related relationship. In one or more aspects, the components of each apparatus according to various embodiments of the present disclosure are operatively coupled and configured.

[0090] Unless otherwise defined, the terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which example embodiments belong. It is further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is, for example, consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly defined otherwise herein.

[0091] The terms used herein have been selected as being general in the related technical field; however, there may be other terms depending on the development and / or change of technology, convention, preference of technicians, and so on. Therefore, the terms used herein should not be understood as limiting technical ideas, but should be understood as examples of the terms for describing example embodiments.

[0092] Further, in a specific case, a term may be arbitrarily selected by an applicant, and in this case, tine detailed meaning thereof is described herein. Therefore, the terms used herein should be understood based on not only the name of the terms, but also the meaning of the terms and the content hereof.

[0093] In the following description, various example embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. With respect to reference numerals to elements of each of the drawings, the same elements may be illustrated in other drawings, and like reference numerals may refer to like elements unless stated otherwise. The same or similar elements may be denoted by the same reference numerals even though they are depicted in different drawings. In addition, for convenience of description, a scale, dimension, size, and thickness of each of the elements illustrated in the accompanying drawings may be different from an actual scale, dimension, size, and thickness, and thus, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to a scale, dimension, size, and thickness illustrated in the drawings.

[0094] FIG. 1 illustrates a vibration apparatus according to a first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line I-F in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II’ in FIG. 1. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III’ in FIG. 1. FIG. 5 illustrates a connection structure of a signal cable connected with a vibration apparatus according to the first embodiment in FIG. 1.

[0095] Referring to FIGs. 1 to 4, a vibration apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment may be configured to vibrate based on a driving signal (or a sound signal or a voice signal). For example, the vibration apparatus 1 may be a vibration generating apparatus, a vibration device, a vibration generating device, a vibration film, a vibration generating film, a vibrator, a vibration generator, an active vibrator, an active vibration generator, or an active vibration member, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0096] The vibration apparatus 1 may include a conductive substrate 15 (or a plate member), a plurality of vibration layers 21, and a plurality of electrode layers 23.

[0097] The vibration apparatus 1 may be implemented or provided as one body with or a portion of a display apparatus including a plurality of pixels. For example, the display apparatus may include a display panel, including a plurality of pixels implementing a black and white, or color image, and a driver for driving the display panel. Each of tire plurality of pixels may be a subpixel configuring one of a plurality of colors implementing a color image. An apparatus according to embodiments may include a notebook computer, a television (TV), a computer monitor, an equipment apparatus including a specific fonn of a vehicle or a vehicular or automotive apparatus, and a set device (or a set apparatus) or a set electronic apparatus such as a smartphone or an electronic pad, which are complete products (or final products) including a display panel such as a liquid crystal display panel or an organic light emitting display panel.

[0098] The conductive substrate 15 (or a plate member) may include a conductive material or a metal material. For example, the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) may include one or more materials of an alloy of iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) (Fe-Ni alloy), stainless steel, aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), a Mg alloy, an alloy of Mg and lithium (Li) (Mg-Li alloy), and an Al alloy, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) may include an opaque metal material which are low in resistance and good in heat dissipation characteristic and may be implemented as a driving electrode of the vibration apparatus 1. For example, the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) may be a first driving electrode, a first electrode, a conductive plate, a metal electrode, an electrode member, an electrode plate, a lower electrode, a lower electrode plate, a common electrode member, or a common electrode, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[0099] According to embodiments, the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) may be implemented or provided as one body with or a portion of a display apparatus. For example, the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) may be implemented or provided as one body with or a portion of a display apparatus or a display panel. The conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) may dissipate heat which occurs in the display apparatus or the display panel. The conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) may protect the display apparatus or the display panel from an external impact and may prevent external water or moisture from penetrating into a light emitting device layer in the light emitting display apparatus. Hie conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) may compensate for the stiffness of the display panel. For example, the conductive substrate 15 (or tire plate member) may be a first driving electrode, a first electrode, a plate, a conductive plate, a conductive plate member, a heat dissipation member, a heat dissipation plate, a conductive plate, a heat dissipation substrate, an encapsulation substrate, an encapsulation plate, a stiff plate, a second substrate, a rear substrate, a rear member, a rear plate, an internal substrate, or an internal plate, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00100] The vibration apparatus 1 according to embodiments may include a plurality of vibration layers 21 and a plurality of electrode layers 23. For example, the plurality of vibration layers 21 and the plurality of electrode layers 23 may be alternately stacked or formed. For example, the plurality of vibration layers 21 and tire plurality of electrode layers 23 may be provided or disposed at one surface of the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member). The plurality of vibration layers 21 and the plurality of electrode layers 23 may be provided at a first surface or a second surface, which is opposite to or different from the first surface, of the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member). For example, the plurality of vibration layers 21 and tire plurality of electrode layers 23 may be provided or disposed at a second surface 15a of the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member).

[00101] The plurality of vibration layers 21 may include a first vibration layer 21-1, a second vibration layer 21-2, and a third vibration layer 21-3. For example, the plurality of vibration layers 21 may include two or more layers, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Also, tire plurality of electrode layers 23 may include a first electrode layer 23-1, a second electrode layer 23-2, and a third electrode layer 23-3. The plurality of vibration layers 21 may be provided to be equal to the number of electrode layers 23 and the number of the vibration layers 21 and the number of the electrode layers 23 may each be provided as two or more, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Here, instance, the number of the vibration layers 21 can be equal to the number of the electrode layers 23. For instance, in FIG. 2, there can be three vibration layers 21 (21-1, 21-2, 21-3) and three electrode layers 23 (23-1, 23-2, 23-3).

[00102] Hie plurality of vibration layers 21 and the plurality of electrode layers 23 may be alternately stacked or formed. For example, the first vibration layer 21-1 of the plurality of vibration layers 21 may be disposed at the second surface 15a of the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member), and the first electrode layer 23-1 of the plurality of electrode layers 23 may be disposed at a second surface 21a of the first vibration layer 21-1. For example, the first vibration layer 21-1 and the first electrode layer 23-1 may be configured to correspond (adjacent) to each other. Also, the first vibration layer 21-1 may be disposed between the first electrode layer 23-1 and the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member). Also, the second vibration layer 10 21-2 of the plurality of vibration layers 21 may be disposed at a second surface 23a of the first electrode layer 23-1, and the second electrode layer 23-2 of the plurality of electrode layers 23 may be disposed at a second surface 21a of the second vibration layer 21-2. For example, the second vibration layer 21-2 and the second electrode layer 23-2 may be configured to correspond (adjacent) to each other. Also, the first electrode layer 23-1 may be disposed between the first vibration layer 21-1 and the second vibration layer 21-2. Also, the second vibration layer 21-2 may be disposed between the first electrode layer 23-1 and the second electrode layer 23-2. Also, the third vibration layer 21-3 of the plurality of vibration layers 21 may be disposed at a second surface 23a of the second electrode layer 23-2, and the third electrode layer 23-3 of the plurality of electrode layers 23 may be disposed at a second surface 21a of the third vibration layer 21-3. For example, the third vibration layer 21-3 and the third electrode layer 23-3 may be configured to correspond (adjacent) to each other. Also, the second electrode layer 23-2 may be disposed between the second vibration layer 21 -2 and the third vibration layer 21-3. Also, the third vibration layer 21-3 may be disposed between the second electrode layer 23-2 and the third electrode layer 23-3. Accordingly, the plurality of vibration layers 21 and the plurality of electrode layers 23 may be alternately stacked or formed.

[00103] The plurality of vibration layers 21 may be configured to vibrate based on the driving signal (or the sound signal or the voice signal) applied to the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and the plurality of electrode layers 23.

[00104] Each of the plurality of vibration layers 21 may include a piezoelectric material or an electroactive material having a piezoelectric effect. For example, the piezoelectric material may have a characteristic where pressure or twisting is applied to a crystalline structure by an external force, a potential difference occurs due to dielectric polarization caused by a relative position change of a positive (+) ion and a negative (-) ion, and a vibration is generated by an electric field based on a voltage applied thereto. Conversely, a piezoelectric material may change shape or size when a potential difference is applied to it. With repeated applications of alternating potential differences, the piezoelectric material can be made to vibrate at the same frequency at the applied alternating potential difference. For example, each of the plurality of vibration layers 21 may be a piezoelectric layer, a piezoelectric material layer, an electroactive layer, a piezoelectric material portion, an electroactive portion, a piezoelectric structure, piezoelectric ceramic, a vibration portion, a vibration generating portion, a displacement portion, a displacement generating portion, a sound generating portion, or an active vibration portion, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00105] Each of the plurality of vibration layers 21 may include a ceramic-based material capable of implementing a relatively high vibration, or may include piezoelectric ceramic having a perovskite-based crystalline structure.

[00106] The piezoelectric ceramic may include single crystalline ceramic having a single crystalline structure, or may include polycrystalline ceramic or a ceramic material having a polycrystalline structure. A piezoelectric material of the single crystalline ceramic may include a-AlPO4, a-SiO2, LiNbOs, TbTMoO-f. Li2B4O?, or ZnO, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The piezoelectric material of the single crystalline ceramic may include a lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-based material including lead (Pb), zirconium (Zr), and titanium (Ti) or may include a lead zirconate nickel niobate (PZNN)-based material 11 including lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and niobium (Nb), but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, each of the plurality of vibration layers 21 may include one or more of CaTiOs, BaTiOs, and SrTiOs without Pb, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00107] Each of the plurality of electrode layers 23 may include a transparent conductive material, a semitransparent conductive material, or an opaque conductive material. For example, the transparent conductive material or the semitransparent conductive material of each of the plurality of electrode layers 23 may include indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO), but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The opaque conductive material of each of the plurality of electrode layers 23 may include gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), molybdenum (Mo), magnesium (Mg), carbon, or glass frit-containing Ag, or may include an alloy thereof, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the plurality of electrode layers 23 may include Ag having low resistivity, so as to enhance an electrical characteristic and / or a vibration characteristic of the plurality of vibration layers 21. For example, the carbon may be carbon black, ketjen black, carbon nano tube, or a carbon material including graphite, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00108] In the plurality of electrode layers 23 including Ag including the glass frit, a content of glass frit may be lwt% to 12wt%, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The glass frit may include a PbO or Bi2O -bascd material, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Accordingly, a coupling force (or an adhesive force) between the plurality of electrode layers 23 and the plurality of vibration layers 21 may increase based on the glass frit. For example, a coupling force (or an adhesive force) between a first surface of each of the plurality of electrode layers 23 and a second surface 21a of a corresponding (or adjacent) vibration layer 21 of the plurality of vibration layers 21 may increase based on the glass frit.

[00109] The plurality of vibration layers 21 and the plurality of electrode layers 23 may be provided or disposed at the second surface 15a of the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member). The first vibration layer 21-1 of the plurality of vibration layers 21 may be coupled or adhered to the second surface 15a of the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member). Also, the plurality of electrode layers 23 and the plurality of vibration layers 21 may be alternately stacked or formed on the first vibration layer 21-1 coupled or connected to the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member). The plurality of vibration layers 21 may include the first vibration layer 21-1, the second vibration layer 21-2, and the third vibration layer 21-3. Also, the plurality of electrode layers 23 may include the first electrode layer 23-1, the second electrode layer 23-2, and tire third electrode layer 23-3. Hie plurality of vibration layers 21 and the plurality of electrode layers 23 may be configured to correspond (adjacent) to each other. For example, the first surface of the first vibration layer 21-1 may be electrically connected with or electrically contact the second surface 15a of the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member). Also, the second surface 21a of the first vibration layer 21-1 may be electrically connected with or electrically contact the first surface of the first electrode layer 23-1. Also, the first surface of the second vibration layer 21-2 may be electrically connected with or electrically contact the second surface 23a of the first electrode layer 23-1. Also, the second surface 21a of the second vibration layer 21-2 may be electrically connected with or electrically contact the first surface of the second electrode layer 23-2. Also, 12 the first surface of the third vibration layer 21-3 may be electrically connected with or electrically contact the second surface 23a of the second electrode layer 23-2. Also, the second surface 2 la of the third vibration layer 21-3 may be electrically connected with or electrically contact the first surface of the third electrode layer 23-3. For example, when the number of vibration layers 21 is four or more or the number of electrode layers 23 is four or more, four or more vibration layers 21 and electrode layers 23 may be alternately stacked or formed by repeating the above-described process.

[00110] Each of tire plurality of vibration layers 21 and the plurality of electrode layers 23 may include a three or more-angled polygonal shape, a non-tetragonal shape, a circular shape, or an oval shape (the shapes being the planform or plan view shapes of the electrode layers, viewed normal to the plane of the substrate), but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the non-tetragonal shape may include one or more of one or more lines and one or more curves having a curvature, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00111] The plurality of vibration layers 21 and the plurality-- of electrode layers 23 according to embodiments may be configured or implemented to be alternately stacked or formed on the second surface 15a of the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) by a tape casting scheme. For example, the plurality of vibration layers 21 and tire plurality of electrode layers 23 may be alternately stacked or formed on the second surface 15a of the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) by a tape casting process (or scheme) using a piezoelectric material and a conductive material on the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member).

[00112] According to embodiments, each of the plurality of vibration layers 21 and the plurality of electrode layers 23 may be formed (or manufactured) through a step of preparing a metal paste and a slurry including a piezoelectric powder (or a ceramic powder) and additives, a step of coating (or tape casting or forming) the slurry on the second surface of the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member), a step of drying (or curing) the coated (or formed) slurry, a step of coating (or tape casting or forming) the metal paste on a second surface of the cured slurry, a step of drying (or curing) the coated (or formed) metal paste, a step of alternately and repeatedly coating (or forming) and drying (or curing) the slurry and the metal paste, and a step of molding (or sintering) the alternately stacked (or formed) slurry and metal paste at least once. For example, the additives added to the slurry may include a material or substance of the piezoelectric material composition field, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Also, the additives of the slurry' may include one or more of a dispersant, a solvent, a binder, and a plasticizer, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Also, the additives added to the metal paste may include a material or substance of the electrode material composition field, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the metal paste may be Ag, Au, Cu, and Ag / Cu, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the additives of the metal paste may be sintered simultaneously with piezoelectric ceramic and may include a binder for reinforcing an adhesive force with ceramic, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00113] According to embodiments, die binder may include a high temperature binder. For example, the binder may include a glass frit. The binder may remain in a particle state on the second surface of the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and / or the second surface of the cured metal paste in drying the 13 shiny. The binder may be changed to a liquid state when a piezoelectric particle (or a ceramic particle) grows at a molding (or sintering) temperature of the slurry, may move to an interface between the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and / or the cured metal paste and a piezoelectric, and may be coagulated as a molding temperature is reduced, thereby increasing a coupling force (or an adhesive force) between the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and / or the cured metal paste and the piezoelectric. For example, a content of glass frit may be 1 wt% to 12wt%, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The glass frit may include a PbO or Bi2O3-based material, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the metal paste may be a middle electrode or an upper electrode of the piezoelectric, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00114] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the slurry may further include a sintering agent. For example, the sintering agent may include M11O2, FevCF. CuO, and ZnO, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. As another example of the present disclosure, the sintering temperature may be reduced through a sol-gel scheme, and thus, ceramic and an electrode layer may be sintered simultaneously. Hie sol-gel scheme may be a scheme which densely forms a microstructure of a sintered body (for example, ceramic).

[00115] The plurality of vibration layers 21 and the plurality of electrode layers 23 according to embodiments may be configured by the tape casting scheme, and thus, may not be limited to a specific shape and may include a three or more-angled polygonal shape, a non-tetragonal shape, a circular shape, or an oval shape, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00116] Each of the plurality of vibration layers 21 may be polarized (or poling) by a certain voltage applied from the outside to the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and the first driving electrode and the second driving electrode of the plurality of electrode layers 23 in a certain temperature atmosphere or a temperature atmosphere which is changed from a high temperature to a room temperature, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, each of tire plurality of vibration layers 21 may alternately and repeatedly contract and / or expand based on an inverse piezoelectric effect based on a first vibration driving signal and a second vibration driving signal applied from the outside to the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and the first driving electrode and the second driving electrode of the plurality of electrode layers 23, and thus, may vibrate. For example, the plurality of vibration layers 21 may vibrate based on a vertical-direction vibration and / or a horizontal-direction (or a direction parallel to the plane of the vibration layers) vibration according to the first vibration driving signal and the second vibration driving signal applied to the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and the first driving electrode and the second driving electrode of the plurality of electrode layers 23. Accordingly, a displacement of the vibration apparatus 1 may be increased or enhanced based on the contraction and / or expansion of the plurality of vibration layers 21 in a horizontal direction (or a direction parallel to the plane of the vibration layers).

[00117] The vibration apparatus 1 according to embodiments may further include an insulation layer 22.

[00118] Hie insulation layer 22 may be provided on the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member). For example, the insulation layer 22 may be provided on the second surface 15a of the conductive substrate 15 14 (or the plate member). Tire insulation layer 22 may be disposed on the second surface 15a of the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) at a periphery' of each of the plurality of vibration layers 21 and the plurality of electrode layers 23. For example, the insulation layer 22 may include an opening region 22h which exposes a portion of the second surface 15a of the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member). For example, the plurality of vibration layers 21 and the plurality of electrode layers 23 may be provided to overlap the opening region 22h of the insulation layer 22.

[00119] The insulation layer 22 may be disposed at the second surface 15a of the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) to surround a periphery of the first vibration layer 21-1 corresponding (or adjacent) to the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) among the plurality of vibration layers 21. For example, the insulation layer 22 may be disposed at a portion or all of the other portion, except a disposition region of the first vibration layer 21-1, of the second surface 15a of the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member).

[00120] The insulation layer 22 may be formed to have a thickness which is the same as or different from that of the first vibration layer 21-1. For example, the insulation layer 22 may be formed to have the same thickness as that of the first vibration layer 21-1. The insulation layer 22 may cover the second surface 15a of the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member), and thus, may prevent the occurrence of an electrical connection (or short circuit) with the plurality of electrode layers 23 on the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member). The insulation layer 22 may include an organic material or an inorganic material.

[00121] Each of the plurality of electrode layers 23 may be provided to respectively correspond to the plurality of vibration layers 21. For example, the plurality of electrode layers 23 may be provided to be equal to the number of vibration layers 21. Each of the plurality of electrode layers 23 may be provided at or coupled (or connected) to the second surface 21 a of a corresponding (or adj acent) vibration layer 21. For example, the plurality of electrode layers 23 may be provided to respectively correspond to the plurality of vibration layers 21 in a one-to-one relationship. At least one of the plurality of electrode layers 23 may be between adjacent vibration layers 21. For example, the other electrode layers 23-1 and 23-2, except an electrode layer of an uppermost layer (i.e. farthest from the conductive substrate 15), of the plurality of electrode layers 23 may be disposed between adjacent vibration layers 21. Therefore, each of the plurality of vibration layers 21 may vibrate based on a vibration driving signal (or a voltage or a signal) applied to the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and the plurality of electrode layers 23.

[00122] For example, each of the plurality of vibration layers 21 may vibrate based on a first vibration driving signal (or a first voltage or a first signal) applied to the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and some of the plurality of electrode layers 23 and a second vibration driving signal (or a second voltage or a second signal) applied to the other some of the plurality of electrode layers 23. The plurality' of electrode layers 23 may have the same size (e.g. area) as that of the plurality of vibration layers 21, or may have a size (e.g. area) which is less than that of the plurality of vibration layers 21. Each of the plurality of electrode layers 23 may be disposed at a center portion of a corresponding (or adjacent) vibration layer 21. For example, the plurality of electrode layers 23 may have the same shape (in a plan view normal to the plane of the substrate) as that of the plurality of vibration layers 21, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, each of the plurality of electrode layers 23 may be an electrode layer, an upper electrode, an 15 upper electrode layer, a middle electrode, a middle electrode layer, a first driving electrode, a second driving electrode, an individual electrode, an individual electrode layer, a patterned electrode, or a patterned electrode layer, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00123] According to embodiments, to prevent an electrical connection (or short circuit) between the conductive substrate 15 (or tire plate member) and the plurality of electrode layers 23 or the plurality- of electrode layers 23, each of the plurality of electrode layers 23 may be formed at the other portion, except a periphery portion of the second surface 21a, of a corresponding (or adjacent) vibration layer 21 of the plurality of vibration layers 21. For example, each of the plurality of electrode layers 23 may be formed at entire of the other second surface, except a periphery portion, of a corresponding (or adjacent) vibration layer 21 of the plurality of vibration layers 21. For example, a distance between a lateral surface (or an outer wall) of each of the plurality of electrode layers 23 and a lateral surface (or an outer wall) of each of the plurality of vibration layers 21 may be at least 0.5 mm or more. For example, the distance between the lateral surface of each of the plurality of electrode layers 23 and the lateral surface of each of the plurality of vibration layers 21 may be at least 1 mm or more, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00124] According to embodiments, the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and the plurality of electrode layers 23 may be configured to receive a signal having a polarity- which differs from that of a corresponding (or adjacent) electrode layer. For example, the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and the first electrode layer 23-1 may be supplied w ith signals having different polarities. Alternatively, or in addition, two adjacent electrode layers of the plurality of electrode layers 23 may be supplied with signals having different polarities. For example, the first electrode layer 23-1 and the second electrode layer 23-2 may be supplied with signals having different polarities. Alternatively, or in addition, the second electrode layer 23-2 and the third electrode layer 23-3 may be supplied with signals having different polarities.

[00125] It will be understood that a difference in voltage polarity between the conductive substrate and an adjacent electrode layer (or between adjacent electrode layers) is not essential to achieving vibration. As long as a voltage difference is applied between the conductive substrate and an adjacent electrode layer (or between adjacent electrode layers), the vibration layer can be made to change size or shape. Repeated application of a voltage difference or a varying voltage will achieve vibration of the vibration layer. The voltage may be varied so that the potential difference varies, for example between a positive and negative value. Therefore, it will be understood that the conductive substrate may be configured to be supplied with a different voltage (or voltage signal) to an electrode layer adjacent to the conductive substrate among the one or more electrode layers such that a potential difference is applied across a vibration layer of the one or more vibration layers sandwiched between the conductive substrate and the electrode layer adjacent to the conductive substrate. Alternatively, or in addition, two adjacent electrode layers of the plurality of electrode layers may be configured to be supplied with a different voltage (or voltage signal) to each other such that a potential difference is applied across a vibration layer sandwiched between the two adjacent electrode layers.

[00126] Embodiments include the vibration apparatuses described herein connected to a driver or other signal generating apparatus which is configured to supply the voltages or voltage signals (e.g. having the differing values or polarities) to the conductive substrate and electrode layers as described herein. Therefore, 16 adjacent electrodes may be connected to different signal lines to allow the application of the different signals / different polarities described. For example, the conductive substrate may be connected to a first signal line and an electrode layer adjacent to the conductive substrate among the plurality of electrode layers may be connected to a second signal line different from the first signal line. Alternatively, or in addition, a first electrode layer of the plurality of electrode layers is connected to the first signal line and a second electrode layer of the plurality of electrode layers is connected to the second signal line, wherein the first electrode layer is adjacent to the second electrode layer.

[00127] The signals lines may be supplied with different voltages or voltage signals (for example by the driver or other signal generating component) such that the conductive substrate and electrode layers are supplied with those voltages or voltage signals. For example, the first signal line and second signal line may be connected to a driver arranged to apply a first voltage signal to the first signal line and a second voltage signal to the second signal line, wherein the second voltage is different from the first voltage. A difference between the first voltage signal and the second voltage signal may alternate between a positive and a negative voltage. Alternatively, or in addition, a magnitude of a difference between the first voltage signal and the second voltage signal may vary with time.

[00128] In embodiments, there is provided a vibration generating apparatus with at least one vibration layer comprising: a first piezoelectric material layer, a second piezoelectric material layer and a third piezoelectric material layer. The vibration generating apparatus includes at least one electrode layer comprising a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer and a third electrode layer. The vibration layers and the electrode layers are alternately arranged in a stack on the surface of the conductive substrate. The conductive substrate and the second electrode layer are configured to be connected to a first voltage supply line, and the first electrode layer and the third electrode layer are configured to be connected to a second voltage supply line different from the first voltage supply line such that the first, second and third piezoelectric material layers vibrate in a thickness direction of the conductive substrate m response to application of a first and second voltage signal, respectively, to the first and second voltage supply lines.

[00129] The conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and the plurality of electrode layers 23 may be configured so that electrode layers supplied with the same polarity (or voltage) configure one group and electrode layers of the same group are electrically connected with one another. For example, the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and the second electrode layer 23-2 may be configured as electrode layers of a first group and may be electrically connected with each other. The electrode layer of the first group may be a first driving electrode. Also, the first electrode layer 23-1 and the third electrode layer 23-3 may be configured as electrode layers of a second group and may be electrically connected with each other. The electrode layer of the second group may be a second driving electrode.

[00130] Referring to FIGs. 1, 3, and 4, the vibration apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment may further include at least one contact patterns 27a and 27b. For example, the at least one contact pattern 27a and 27b may include a first contact pattern 27a and a second contact pattern 27b.

[00131] Tire first contact pattern 27a may be connected with or coupled to the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and one or more of the plurality of electrode layers 23. For example, the first contact 17 pattern 27a may be connected or coupled to the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and the second electrode layer 23-2 of the plurality of electrode layers 23. The first contact pattern 27a may be configured so that tire conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and the second electrode layer 23-2 are electrically connected with (or contact) each other. Also, the first contact pattern 27a may be supplied with the first driving signal from the outside and may apply or transfer the first driving signal to the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and the second electrode layer 23-2. The first contact pattern 27a may extend from the plate member 15 and the plurality of electrode layers 23 and may be exposed at an outside (e.g. outer part of the vibration apparatus 2, such as the outer edge of the stack). For example, the first contact pattern 27a connected with the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) may extend or protrude from a portion of the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member). For example, the first contact pattern 27a connected with the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) may be exposed at the outside through a removed portion of a portion of the insulation layer 22. Also, the first contact pattern 27a connected with the second electrode layer 23-2 of the plurality of electrode layers 23 may extend or protrude from a portion of the second electrode layer 23-2. For example, the first contact pattern 27a connected with the second electrode layer 23-2 of the plurality of electrode layers 23 may extend from a portion of the second electrode layer 23-2 to the second vibration layer 21-2 and may be exposed at the outside. One end (or one side or one portion) of the first contact pattern 27a may be connected with each of the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and the second electrode layer 23-2, and the other end (or the other side or the other portion) of the first contact pattern 27a may extend to the insulation layer 22 along a lateral surface of each of the plurality of vibration layers 23.

[00132] The second contact pattern 27b may be connected with or coupled to the other some of the plurality of electrode layers 23 of the vibration apparatus 1. For example, the second contact pattern 27b may be connected or coupled to the first electrode layer 23-1 and the third electrode layer 23-3 of the plurality of electrode layers 23. The second contact pattern 27b may be configured so that the first electrode layer 23-1 and the third electrode layer 23-3 are electrically connected with (or contact) each other. Also, the second contact pattern 27b may be supplied with the second driving signal from the outside and may apply or transfer the second driving signal to the first electrode layer 23-1 and the third electrode layer 23-3. Tire second contact pattern 27b may extend from the first electrode layer 23-1 and the third electrode layer 23-3 and may be exposed at the outside. For example, the second contact pattern 27b connected with the first electrode layer 23-1 may extend or protrude from a portion of the first electrode layer 23-1. For example, the second contact pattern 27b connected with the first electrode layer 23-1 may extend from a portion of the first electrode layer 23-1 to the first vibration layer 21-1 and may be exposed at the outside. Also, the second contact pattern 27b connected with the third electrode layer 23-3 may extend or protrude from a portion of the third electrode layer 23-3. For example, the second contact pattern 27b connected with the third electrode layer 23-3 may extend from a portion of the third electrode layer 23-3 to the third vibration layer 21-3 and may be exposed at the outside. One end (or one side or one portion) of the second contact pattern 27b may be connected with each of the first electrode layer 23-1 and the third electrode layer 23-3, and the other end (or the other side or the other portion) of the second contact pattern 27b may extend to the insulation layer 22 along the lateral surface of each of the plurality of vibration layers 23.

[00133] The vibration apparatus 1 according to embodiments may further include a protection layer 24.

[00134] The protection layer 24 may be configured to protect the vibration apparatus 1. The protection layer 24 may be configured to protect the insulation layer 22, the plurality of vibration layers 21, and the plurality of electrode layers 23. For example, the protection layer 24 may be configured to protect the third electrode layer 23-3 of an uppermost layer of the plurality of electrode layers 23. The protection layer 24 may be configured to protect the lateral surfaces of the plurality of vibration layers 21 and the plurality7 of electrode layers 23, which are stacked or formed under the third electrode layer 23-3. For example, the protection layer 24 may be configured to surround or cover the plurality of vibration layers 21 and the plurality of electrode layers 23. For example, the protection layer 24 may include an inorganic material or an organic material, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00135] According to embodiments, the protection layer 24 may include a cover member 26 and an adhesive layer 25.

[00136] The cover member 26 may be provided to protect the vibration apparatus 1. The cover member 26 may be provided to protect the insulation layer 22, the plurality of vibration layers 21, and the plurality of electrode layers 23. For example, the cover member 26 may be configured to surround or cover the plurality of vibration layers 21 and the plurality of electrode layers 23. The cover member 26 may also surround or cover the first and second contact patterns 27a and 27b, thereby protecting them. For example, the cover member 26 may be a cover film, a cover layer, a protection member, or a protection layer, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the cover member 26 may be a polyimide (PI) film, a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, or a polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00137] The cover member 26 may be connected with or coupled to a second surface 23a of the third electrode layer 23-3 of an uppermost layer of the plurality of electrode layers 23 by an adhesive layer 25. For example, the cover member 26 may be connected with or coupled to the third electrode layer 23-3 by a film laminating process by the adhesive layer 25. For example, the cover member 26 may be connected with or coupled to the insulation layer 22, the third electrode layer 23-3, and the lateral surfaces of the plurality of vibration layers 21 and the plurality of electrode layers 23, which are stacked or formed under the third electrode layer 23-3.

[00138] The adhesive layer 25 may be disposed between the third electrode layer 23-3 and the cover member 26. For example, the adhesive layer 25 may be provided or disposed between the insulation layer 22 and the cover member 26 to cover or surround the plurality of vibration layers 21 and the plurality of electrode layers 23. For example, the adhesive layer 25 may be provided or filled between the insulation layer 22 and the cover member 26 to fully surround the second surface 23a of the third electrode layer 23-3 and the lateral surfaces of the plurality of vibration layers 21 and the plurality of electrode layers 23, which are stacked or formed under the third electrode layer 23-3. For example, the plurality of vibration layers 21 and the plurality of electrode layers 23 may be buried or embedded between the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member), and the insulation layer 22 and the adhesive layer 25.

[00139] The adhesive layer 25 may include an electrical insulating material which has adhesive properties and is capable of compression and decompression. For example, the adhesive layer 25 may include epoxy-based resin, acrylic-based resin, silicone-based resin, or urethane-based resin, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00140] The vibration apparatus 1 according to embodiments may replace a sacrificial layer, used for molding of the plurality of vibration layers 21, with the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and may use the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) as a driving electrode of the molded first vibration layer 21 -1, and thus, an isolation process of a vibration layer may be excluded, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost for process optimization for simplifying a process and enhancing productivity. Also, the vibration apparatus 1 according to embodiments may be implemented or provided as one body with or a portion of a display apparatus, and in this case, the conductive substrate 15 may be used as tire plate member of the display panel and may be used as a driving electrode of the vibration apparatus 1, and thus, one electrode may be omitted and a thickness may be slimmed by a thickness of one omitted electrode, thereby decreasing a thickness of a display apparatus.

[00141] Referring to FIG. 5, the vibration apparatus 1 according to embodiments may further include a signal cable 500 (which can be more generally described as a signal line, e.g. any conductor capable of carry ing a signal).

[00142] The signal cable 500 may be electrically connected with the vibration apparatus 1. For example, the signal cable 500 may be electrically connected with the plurality of electrode layers 23 and the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) of the vibration apparatus 1. For example, the signal cable 500 may be electrically connected with the first contact pattern 27a and / or the second contact pattern 27b of the vibration apparatus 1.

[00143] The signal cable 500 may be provided as one body with the vibration apparatus 1. For example, a portion of the signal cable 500 may be inserted (or accommodated) into the adhesive layer 25 between the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and the cover member 26, and thus, may be provided as one body with the vibration apparatus 1. Accordingly, the vibration apparatus 1 may vibrate based on signals applied from the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and the signal cable 500.

[00144] Tire signal cable 500 may include a line part 510, a first contact line 511 (or a first contact part), a second contact line 513 (or a second contact part), and a terminal part 530.

[00145] A portion or one periphery portion of the line part 510 may be inserted (or accommodated) between the conductive substrate 15 and the protection layer 24, or may be provided as one body with the vibration apparatus 1. For example, the portion or one periphery portion of the line part 510 may be covered by the cover member 26 of the vibration apparatus 1. For example, the portion or one periphery’ portion of the line part 510 may be inserted (or accommodated) into the adhesive layer 25 of the vibration apparatus 1, and thus, may be fixed to the vibration apparatus 1 or may be provided as one body yvith the vibration apparatus 1. Accordingly, a connection defect between the vibration apparatus 1 and the signal cable 500 caused by the movement or bending of the signal cable 500 which is caused by a manufacturing process attaching the line part 510 to the first and second contact patterns 27a and 27b may be minimized.

[00146] The line part 510 may include a base film, a line layer including first and second signal lines formed in the base film, and an insulation layer covering the line layer.

[00147] The first contact line 511 (or the first contact part) may be provided to be electrically connected with (or contact) the first contact pattern 27a (or the first driving electrode) of the vibration apparatus 1. For example, the first contact line 511 may be a portion of the first signal line exposed at one periphery portion of the line part 510, or may be a first finger line (or a first protrusion signal line or the first signal line) which extends (or protrudes) to have a certain length from the first signal line of the line part 510. The first contact line 511 may be electrically connected with (or contact) or electrically and directly connected with (or contact) the first contact pattern 27a of the vibration apparatus 1. Alternatively, the first contact line 511 may be electrically connected with (or contact) the first contact pattern 27a by a conductive double-sided tape or an anisotropic conductive film. The first contact line 511 may be covered by the cover member 26 of the vibration apparatus 1, and thus, may be fixed to the vibration apparatus 1 or may be provided as one body with the vibration apparatus 1. Accordingly, a connection defect between the vibration apparatus 1 and the signal cable 500 caused by the movement or bending of the signal cable 500 may be minimized.

[00148] The second contact line 513 (or the second contact part) may be provided to be electrically connected with (or contact) the second contact pattern 27b (or the second driving electrode) of the vibration apparatus 1. For example, the second contact line 513 may be a portion of tire second signal line exposed at one periphery portion of the line part 510, or may be a second finger line (or a second protrusion signal line or the second signal line) which extends (or protrudes) to have a certain length from the second signal line of the line part 510. The second contact line 513 may be electrically connected with (or contact) or electrically and directly connected with (or contact) the second contact pattern 27b of the vibration apparatus 1. Alternatively, the second contact line 513 may be electrically connected with (or contact) the second contact pattern 27b by a conductive double-sided tape or an anisotropic conductive film. The second contact line 513 may be covered by the cover member 26 of the vibration apparatus 1, and thus, may be fixed to the vibration apparatus 1 or may be provided as one body with the vibration apparatus 1. Accordingly, a connection defect between the vibration apparatus 1 and the signal cable 500 caused by the movement or bending of the signal cable 500 may be minimized.

[00149] Tire terminal part 530 may be provided at the other periphery portion of the line part 510. The terminal part 530 may be provided to expose a portion of each of the first and second signal lines disposed at the other periphery portion of the line part 510. For example, the terminal part 530 may be electrically connected with a vibration driving signal (or a sound processing circuit), or may include a connector which is electrically connected with the vibration driving signal (or the sound processing circuit).

[00150] The signal cable 500 may be electrically coupled (or connected) to the first contact pattern 27a and the second contact pattern 27b, and thus, may apply or transfer the first and second vibration driving signals, supplied from the vibration driving signal (or the sound processing circuit), to the first contact pattern 27a and the second contact pattern 27b of the vibration apparatus 1 through the terminal part 530. For example, the first vibration driving signal may be applied or transferred to the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and the second electrode layer 23-2 of the plurality of electrode layers 23 through or by the first 21 contact pattern 27a. Also, the second vibration driving signal may be applied or transferred to the first electrode layer 23-1 and the third electrode layer 23-3 of the plurality of electrode layers 23 through or by the second contact pattern 27b.

[00151] The vibration apparatus 1 may vibrate based on the first and second vibration driving signals (or sound signals) applied to, through the signal cable 500, the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and the second electrode layer 23-2 connected with the first contact pattern 27a and the first electrode layer 23-1 and the third electrode layer 23-3 connected with the second contact pattern 27b.

[00152] FIG. 6 illustrates a vibration apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV’ illustrated in FIG. 6. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line V-V’ illustrated in FIG. 6. FIG. 9 illustrates a connection structure of a signal cable connected with the vibration apparatus illustrated in FIG. 6. FIGs. 6 to 9 illustrate an embodiment where a through hole is added to tire vibration apparatus 1 described above with reference to FIGs. 1 to 5. In the following description, therefore, a through hole and relevant elements will be described in detail, the other elements are referred to by the same reference numerals as FIGs. 1 to 5, and repeated descriptions thereof may be omitted or will be briefly given. Also, the cross-sectional view taken along line I-F in FIG. 6 may be substantially the same as FIG. 2, and the illustration is omitted.

[00153] Referring to FIGs. 6 to 8, a vibration apparatus 2 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure may further include at least one through holes GHI and GH2 which are in a plurality of vibration layers 21 and a plurality of electrode layers 23.

[00154] Hie at least one through holes GH1 and GH2 may be provided to electrically connect electrode layers, supplied with signals having a same polarity, with each other. For example, the at least one through holes GH1 and GH2 may include a through hole GH1 of a first group configured to electrically connect a conductive substrate 15 (or a plate member) with a second electrode layer 23-2 and a through hole GH2 of a second group configured to electrically connect a first electrode layer 23-1 with a third electrode layer 23-3. For example, the through hole GH 1 of the first group and the through hole GH2 of the second group may be configured not to overlap each other. For example, the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and the second electrode layer 23-2 connected with each other through the through hole GH1 of the first group may be a first driving electrode to which a first vibration driving signal is applied. Also, the first electrode layer 23-1 and the third electrode layer 23-3 connected with each other through the through hole GH2 of tire second group may be a second driving electrode to which a second vibration driving signal is applied.

[00155] The through hole GH1 of the first group may include a first hole 21h passing through a first vibration layer 21-1 and a second vibration layer 21-2 between the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and the second electrode layer 23-2 and a second hole 23h passing through the first electrode layer 23-1 between the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and the second electrode layer 23-2. For example, the first hole 21h may have a size which is less than that of the second hole 23h. For example, a connection pattern 23’ between the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and the second electrode layer 23-2 may be electrically connected with each of the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and the second electrode layer 23-2 through the first hole 21h. Also, the connection pattern 23’ may be spaced 22 apart from the second hole 23h and may be electrically disconnected or separated from the first electrode layer 23-1. Because the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and the second electrode layer 23-2 are electrically connected with each other through or by the through hole GH1 of the first group, a first contact pattern 27a may be configured to be connected with the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member).

[00156] The through hole GH2 of the second group may include a first hole 21h passing through the second vibration layer 21-2 and a third vibration layer 21-3 between the first electrode layer 23-1 and the third electrode layer 23-3 and a second hole 23h passing through the second electrode layer 23-2 between the first electrode layer 23-1 and the third electrode layer 23-3. For example, the first hole 21h may have a size which is less than that of the second hole 23h. For example, a connection pattern 23’ between the first electrode layer 23-1 and the third electrode layer 23-3 may be electrically connected with each of the first electrode layer 23-1 and the third electrode layer 23-3 through the first hole 21h. Also, the connection pattern 23’ may be spaced apart from the second hole 23h and may be electrically disconnected or separated from the second electrode layer 23-2. Because the first electrode layer 23-1 and the third electrode layer 23-3 are electrically connected with each other through or by the through hole GH2 of the second group, a first contact pattern 27a may be configured to be connected with the third electrode layer 23-3 of an uppermost layer of the plurality of electrode layers 23.

[00157] Referring to FIG. 9, the vibration apparatus 2 according to the second embodiment may further include a signal cable 500. The signal cable 500 may include a first signal cable 500a and a second signal cable 500b. The first signal cable 500a may be configured to be electrically connected with the first contact pattern 27a. Also, the second signal cable 500b may be configured to be electrically connected with the second contact pattern 27b.

[00158] In the vibration apparatus 2 according to the second embodiment, the first contact pattern 27a and the second contact pattern 27b may be omitted, and the first signal cable 500a may be electrically connected with (or contact) or electrically and directly connected with (or contact) the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member). Also, the second signal cable 500b may be electrically connected with (or contact) or electrically and directly connected with (or contact) the third electrode layer 23-3. For example, a first contact line 511 (or a first contact part) of the first signal cable 500a may be provided to be directly connected with or coupled to the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) of the vibration apparatus 1. Also, a second contact line 513 (or a second contact part) of the second signal cable 500b may be provided to be directly connected with or coupled to the third electrode layer 23-3 of the vibration apparatus 1.

[00159] The vibration apparatus 2 may vibrate based on a first vibration driving signal directly applied to the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) through or by the first signal cable 500a and a second vibration driving signal directly applied to the third electrode layer 23-3 through or by the second signal cable 500b.

[00160] FIG. 10 illustrates a vibration apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VI-VI’ in FIG. 10. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VII-VIl’ in FIG. 10. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VIII-VIIT in FIG. 10. FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IX-IX’ in FIG. 10. FIG. 15 illustrates a connection 23 structure of a signal cable connected with the vibration apparatus in FIG. 10. FIGs. 10 to 15 illustrate an embodiment implemented by modifying a contact pattern in the vibration apparatus 1 described above with reference to FIGs. 1 to 5. In the following description, therefore, a modified element will be described in detail, the other elements are referred to by the same reference numerals as FIGs. 1 to 5, and repeated descriptions thereof may be omitted or will be briefly given. Also, the cross-sectional view taken along line I-T in FIG. 10 may be substantially the same as FIG. 2, and the illustration is omitted.

[00161] Referring to FIGs. 10 to 15, a vibration apparatus 3 according to the third embodiment of the present disclosure may include a plurality of first contact patterns 27a and a plurality of second contact patterns 27b. Each of the plurality of first contact patterns 27a and the plurality of second contact patterns 27b may be provided to individually connect with each of a plurality of electrode layers 23 and a conductive substrate 15 (or a plate member).

[00162] The first contact pattern 27a may be individually connected with an electrode layer to which a signal having the same polarity is applied. For example, the first contact pattern 27a may include a l-lst contact pattern 27al and a l-2nd contact pattern 27a2. The l-lst contact pattern 27al may be individually and electrically connected with the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member). Also, the l-2nd contact pattern 27a2 may be individually and electrically connected with a second electrode layer 23-2.

[00163] The second contact pattern 27b may be individually connected with an electrode layer to which a signal having the same polarity is applied. For example, the second contact pattern 27b may include a 2-1st contact pattern 27b 1 and a 2-2nd contact pattern 27b2. The 2-1st contact pattern 27b 1 may be individually and electrically connected with a first electrode layer 23-1. Also, the 2-2nd contact pattern 27b2 may be individually and electrically connected with a third electrode layer 23-3.

[00164] The vibration apparatus 3 may control or adjust a polarization direction (or a poling direction) of a plurality of vibration layers 21 through the plurality of first contact patterns 27a and the plurality of second contact patterns 27b individually connected with each of the plurality of electrode layers 23 and the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member). For example, a signal polarity applied to an electrode layer through the plurality of first contact patterns 27a and the plurality of second contact patterns 27b may be controlled in a process of forming a vibration layer. Accordingly, the vibration apparatus 3 disclosure may be configured so that the plurality of vibration layers 21 are bimorph-driven.

[00165] Referring to FIG. 15, the vibration apparatus 3 may further include a signal cable 500.

[00166] The signal cable 500 may be configured to be electrically connected with the vibration apparatus 3. For example, the signal cable 500 may be electrically connected with the plurality of first contact patterns 27a and the plurality of second contact patterns 27b individually connected with the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member), a first electrode layer 23-1, a second electrode layer 23-2, and a third electrode layer 23-3 of the vibration apparatus 3.

[00167] A first contact line 511 (or a first contact part) of the signal cable 500 may be individually connected with the plurality of first contact patterns 27a of the vibration apparatus 3 in common. For example, the first contact line 511 may be electrically connected with a l-lst contact pattern 27al and a l-2nd contact pattern 27a2 in common. A second contact line 513 (or a second contact part) of the signal cable 500 may be 24 individually connected with the plurality of second contact patterns 27b of the vibration apparatus 3 in common. For example, the second contact line 513 may be electrically connected with a 2-lst contact pattern 27bl and a 2-2nd contact pattern 27b2 in common.

[00168] The vibration apparatus 3 may vibrate based on first and second vibration driving signals (or sound signals) applied to, through the signal cable 500, the conductive substrate 15 (or the plate member) and the second electrode layer 23-2 connected with the plurality of first contact patterns 27a and the first electrode layer 23-1 and the third electrode layer 23-3 connected with the plurality of second contact patterns 27b.

[00169] FIGs. 16and 17 illustrate unimorph driving ofa vibration apparatus according to embodiments. This kind of driving can be applied to any of the first to third embodiments described with reference to FIGs. 1-15.

[00170] Referring to FIG. 16, a plurality of vibration layers 21 may be polarized (or poled) by a certain voltage applied to a conductive substrate 15 and a plurality of electrode layers 23. For example, a first polarization voltage PSI may be connected with and applied to the conductive substrate 15 and a second electrode layer 23-2 m common. Also, a second polarization voltage PS2 may be connected with and applied to a first electrode layer 23-1 and a third electrode layer 23-3 in common. For example, the first polarization voltage PSI may be a negative (-) voltage signal, and the second polarization voltage PS2 may be a positive (+) voltage signal. An arrow in each of FIGs. 16 and 17 represents a polarization direction (or a poling direction).

[00171] Therefore, a first vibration layer 21-1 may be configured so that a polarization direction thereof is downward (i.e., towards the conductive substrate 15), based on that the negative (-) voltage signal is applied to the conductive substrate 15 disposed at a first surface of the first vibration layer 21-1 and the positive (+) voltage signal is applied to the first electrode layer 23-1 disposed at a second surface of the first vibration layer 21-1. Also, a second vibration layer 21-2 may be configured so that a polarization direction thereof is upward (i.e., away from the conductive substrate 15), based on that the positive (+) voltage signal is applied to the first electrode layer 23-1 disposed at a first surface of the second vibration layer 21-2 and the negative (-) voltage signal is applied to the second electrode layer 23-2 disposed at a second surface of the second vibration layer 21-2. Also, a third vibration layer 21-3 may be configured so that a polarization direction thereof is downward, based on that the negative (-) voltage signal is applied to the second electrode layer 23-2 disposed at a first surface of the third vibration layer 21-3 and the positive (+) voltage signal is applied to tine third electrode layer 23-3 disposed at a second surface of the third vibration layer 21-3.

[00172] Referring to FIG. 17, the plurality of vibration layers 21 according to embodiments may be vibration-driven based on a first driving signal DS1 and a second driving signal DS2. For example, the first driving signal DS1 may be connected with and applied to the conductive substrate 15 and the second electrode layer 23-2 in common. Also, the second driving signal DS2 may be connected with and applied to the first electrode layer 23-1 and the third electrode layer 23-3 in common. For example, the first driving signal DS1 may be a negative (-) voltage signal, and the second driving signal DS2 may be a positive (+) voltage signal. For example, the first driving signal DS 1 and the second driving signal DS2 may be alternating current (AC) voltage signals.

[00173] Alternatively, the first driving signal DS1 and the second driving signal DS2 may be direct current (DC) voltage signals. The first driving signal may be ground or 0V and the second driving signal may be a negative (-) signal, or vice versa. Alternatively, the first driving signal may be ground or 0V and the second driving signal may be a positive (+) signal, or vice versa.

[00174] The voltage or driving signals described herein may be provided by a signal driver (or other signal generating apparatus) connected to or included as part of the vibration apparatus. The signal driver may supply the signals to the conductive substrate and electrode layers via the signal lines described herein. For example, the first driving signal DS1 and second driving signal DS2 may be supplied to the conductive substrate and the first electrode layer via the first and second signal lines, respectively.

[00175] Therefore, each of the plurality of vibration layers 21 may be vibration-driven in the same direction. For example, the first vibration layer 21-1 may contract or expand in a direction toward a center portion thereof. Also, the second vibration layer 21-2 may contract or expand in a direction toward a center portion thereof. Also, the third vibration layer 21-3 may contract or expand in a direction toward a center portion thereof. Accordingly, the first vibration layer 21-1, the second vibration layer 21-2, and the third vibration layer 21-3 may perform unimorph driving where contraction and / or expansion are alternately repeated in the same direction.

[00176] FIGs. 18 to 21 illustrate for describing bimorph driving of a vibration apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. This kind of driving can be applied to any of the first to third embodiments described with reference to FIGs. 1-15.

[00177] Referring to FIGs. 18 to 21, a plurality of vibration layers 21 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure may be individually polarized. For example, each of the plurality of vibration layers 21 may be polarized in the same direction. For example, a first polarization voltage PSI may be connected with and applied to a conductive substrate 15. Also, a second polarization voltage PS2 may be connected with and applied to a first electrode layer 23-1. For example, the first polarization voltage PS 1 may be a negative (-) voltage signal, and the second polarization voltage PS2 may be a positive (+) voltage signal. An arrow in each of FIGs. 18 to 21 represents a polarization direction (or a poling direction).

[00178] Therefore, a first vibration layer 21-1 may be configured so that a polarization direction thereof is downward, based on that the negative (-) voltage signal is applied to the conductive substrate 15 disposed at a first surface of the first vibration layer 21-1 and the positive (+) voltage signal is applied to the first electrode layer 23-1 disposed at a second surface of the first vibration layer 21-1.

[00179] Referring to FIG. 19, each of a plurality of vibration layers 21 according to another embodiment of tire present disclosure may be individually polarized. For example, each of the plurality of vibration layers 21 may be polarized in the same direction. For example, a third polarization voltage PS3 may be connected with and applied to a first electrode layer 23-1. Also, a fourth polarization voltage PS4 may be connected with and applied to a second electrode layer 23-2. For example, the third polarization voltage PS3 may be a negative (-) voltage signal, and the fourth polarization voltage PS4 may be a positive (+) voltage signal.

[00180] Therefore, a second vibration layer 21-2 may be configured so that a polarization direction thereof is downward, based on that the negative (-) voltage signal is applied to the first electrode layer 23-1 disposed at a first surface of the second vibration layer 21 -2 and the positive (+) voltage signal is applied to the second electrode layer 23-2 disposed at a second surface of the second vibration layer 21-2.

[00181] Referring to FIG. 20, each of a plurality of vibration layers 21 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure may be individually polarized. For example, each of the plurality of vibration layers 21 may be polarized in the same direction. For example, a fifth polarization voltage PS5 may be connected with and applied to a second electrode layer 23-2. Also, a sixth polarization voltage PS6 may be connected with and applied to a third electrode layer 23-3. For example, the fifth polarization voltage PS5 may be a negative (-) voltage signal, and the sixth polarization voltage PS6 may be a positive (+) voltage signal.

[00182] Therefore, a third vibration layer 21-3 may be configured so that a polarization direction thereof is downward, based on that the negative (-) voltage signal is applied to the second electrode layer 23-2 disposed at a first surface of the third vibration layer 21-3 and the positive (+) voltage signal is applied to the third electrode layer 23-3 disposed at a second surface of the third vibration layer 21-3.

[00183] Referring to FIG. 21, the plurality of vibration layers 21 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure may be vibration-driven based on a first driving signal DS 1 and a second driving signal DS2. For example, the first driving signal DS1 may be connected with and applied to a conductive substrate 15 and a second electrode layer 23-2 in common. Also, the second driving signal DS2 may be connected with and applied to a first electrode layer 23-1 and a third electrode layer 23-3 in common. For example, the first driving signal DS1 may be a negative (-) voltage signal, and the second driving signal DS2 may be a positive (+) voltage signal.

[00184] Therefore, each of the plurality of vibration layers 21 may be vibration-driven in the same direction. For example, the first vibration layer 21-1 may contract or expand in a direction toward a center portion thereof. Also, the second vibration layer 21-2 may contract or expand in a direction toward a left side and a right side thereof. Also, the third vibration layer 21-3 may contract or expand in a direction toward a center portion thereof. Accordingly, the first vibration layer 21-1, the second vibration layer 21-2, and the third vibration layer 21-3 may perform unimorph driving where contraction and / or expansion are alternately repeated in different directions.

[00185] FIG. 22 illustrates a display apparatus according to embodiments. FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A’ illustrated in FIG. 22. FIG. 24 illustrates one subpixel provided in a display part of FIG. 23. FIG. 25 is another cross-sectional view taken along line A-A’ illustrated in FIG. 23.a

[00186] Referring to FIGs. 22 to 24, the display apparatus (or a light emitting display apparatus or a flexible display apparatus) according to embodiments may include a display panel 100 and one or more vibration generating apparatuses 200.

[00187] The display panel 100 may be configured to display an image and may be configured to output a sound, based on vibrations of one or more vibration generating apparatuses 200. For example, the display-panel 100 may provide a user with a sound and / or a haptic feedback, based on a vibration.

[00188] The display panel 100 according to embodiments may include a base member 110, a display part 130, and a plate member 150 (or a conductive substrate).

[00189] The base member 110 may include one or more of a glass material and a plastic material. For example, the base member 110 may include apolyimide material. For example, the base member 110 may include a stack structure of a glass layer and a plastic layer, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the base member 110 may be a base substrate, a first substrate, a display substrate, a front substrate, a front member, or an external substrate, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00190] In a case where the plastic material is used as a material of the base member 110, poly imide which is good in thermal resistance and is capable of enduring a high temperature may be used based on that a high temperature deposition process is performed on elements of a display panel on the base member 110, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. All of a first surface (or an internal surface) of the base member 110 may be covered by one or more buffer layers 111.

[00191] The buffer layer 111 may prevent a material included in the base member 110 from being diffused to a transistor layer in a high temperature process of a manufacturing process of a thin film transistor (TFT). Also, the buffer layer 111 may prevent external water or moisture from penetrating into a light emitting device layer. The buffer layer 111 may include an inorganic material, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00192] The display part 130 may be provided on the base member 110 or the buffer layer 111. The display part 130 may be provided on the base member 110 or the buffer layer 111 to display an image.

[00193] The display part 130 may include a plurality of pixels P which display an image, based on signals supplied to signal lines provided on the base member 110 or the buffer layer 111. For example, the display part 130 may include a pixel array part disposed in a pixel area PA provided by a plurality of gate lines and / or a plurality of data lines. The pixel array part may include the plurality of pixels P which display an image, based on tire signals supplied to the signal lines. The signal lines may include a gate line, a data line, and a pixel driving power line, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00194] Each of the plurality of pixels P (or the pixel area PA) may include an emission region EA and a non-emission region NEA surrounding die emission region EA. The emission region EA may be an opening region, an emission portion, or an opening portion, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The non-emission region NEA may be a non-emission portion or a circuit region. Each of the plurality of pixels P may be a minimum-unit region which actually emits light and may be defined as a subpixel. At least tiiree adjacent pixels P may be one unit pixel for displaying a color. For example, one unit pixel may include a red pixel, a green pixel, and a blue pixel adjacent to one another and may further include a white pixel for luminance enhancement.

[00195] Each of the plurality of pixels P may be configured to display an image in a bottom emission type. Based on the bottom emission type, light emitted from a pixel P may pass through the base member 110 and may be emitted in a rearward direction of the base member 110. Alternatively, each of the plurality of pixels P may be configured to display an image in a top emission type. Based on the top emission type, light emitted from a pixel P may be emitted in a forward direction of the base member 110, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, when each of the plurality of pixels P is configured to display an image in the top emission type, the vibration generating apparatus 200 is connected to a rear surface of the base member 110.

[00196] Each of the plurality of pixels P may include a pixel circuit 131, an overcoat layer 133, and a light emitting device layer (or a light emitting device) 134.

[00197] The pixel circuit 131 may be provided in the non-emission region NEA of the pixel P along with signal lines and may be connected with a gate line, a data line, and a pixel driving power line which are adjacent thereto. The pixel circuit 131 may control or adjust a current flowing in the light emitting device layer 134 according to a data signal from the data line in response to a scan pulse from the gate line, based on a pixel driving power supplied through the pixel driving power line. The pixel circuit 134 may include a switching TFT, a driving TFT, and a capacitor, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00198] Each of the TFTs may include a gate electrode, a gate insulation layer, a semiconductor layer, a source electrode, and a drain electrode. Here, the TFT may be an amorphous silicon (a-Si) TFT, a polysilicon (poly-Si) TFT, an oxide TFT, or an organic TFT, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00199] The switching TFT may be turned on based on the scan pulse supplied through the gate line and may transfer a data signal, supplied through the data line, to the driving TFT. Ure capacitor may be provided in an overlap region between a gate electrode and a source electrode of the driving TFT and may store a voltage corresponding to the data signal supplied to the gate electrode of the driving TFT. The driving TFT may be turned on by a voltage transferred from the switching TFT and / or a voltage of the capacitor, and thus, may control the amount of current flowing from the pixel driving power line to the light emitting device layer 134. For example, the driving TFT may control or adjust a data current flowing from the pixel driving power line to the light emitting device layer 134, based on tire data signal transferred from the switching TFT, and thus, the light emitting device layer 134 may emit light having brightness corresponding to the data signal.

[00200] The display apparatus may further include a scan driving circuit (or gate driving circuit) which is provided in a non-display part at a periphery of the display part 130 of the base member 110. The scan driving circuit may generate the scan pulse, based on a gate control signal, and may supply the scan pulse to the gate line. The scan driving circuit may be configured with a shift register including a transistor which is formed in tire non-display part of the base member 110 fonned by the same process as a TFT along with a TFT of the pixel P.

[00201] Tire pixel circuit 131 may be covered by a passivation layer 132. For example, the passivation layer 132 may be provided on tire base member 110 to cover the pixel circuit 131. The passivation layer 132 29 may include an inorganic material, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the passivation layer 132 may be omitted. For example, the passivation layer 132 may be a protection layer, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The overcoat layer 133 may be provided on the base member 110 to cover the pixel circuit 131. The overcoat layer 133 may be configured to provide a flat surface on die pixel circuit 131. For example, the overcoat layer 133 may include an organic material, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the overcoat layer 133 may be a protection layer or a planarization layer, but the terms are not limited thereto.

[00202] The light emitting device layer 134 may be provided on the overcoat layer 133. The light emitting device layer 134 may be a pixel electrode 134a, a light emitting device 134b, and a common electrode 134c.

[00203] The pixel electrode 134a (or an anode electrode) may be provided on the overcoat layer 133 overlapping all of the emission region EA of each pixel area PA and a portion of the non-emission region NEA. For example, the pixel electrode 134a may be provided in a pattern form. The pixel electrode 134a may be electrically connected with the driving TFT of the pixel circuit 131 through a contact hole provided in tire overcoat layer 133. The pixel electrode 134a may include a transparent conductive material, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00204] A periphery portion of the pixel electrode 134a disposed at a portion of the non-emission region NEA of each pixel area PA may be covered by a bank layer 135. The bank layer 135 may be provided on the overcoat layer 133 to cover the periphery' portion of the pixel electrode 134a and the pixel circuit 131, and thus, may define (or divide) the emission region EA (or an opening region or a light extraction region) of each of the plurality of pixels P.

[00205] The light emitting device 134b may be formed or provided on the pixel electrode 134a. The light emitting device 134b may be provided to directly contact the pixel electrode 134a. For example, the light emitting device 134b may include an organic light emitting device or an inorganic light emitting device. For example, the light emitting device 134b may include one of an organic emission layer, an inorganic emission layer, and a quantum dot emission layer, or may include a stack or combination structure of an organic emission layer (or an inorganic emission layer) and a quantum dot emission layer, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00206] The common electrode 134c (or a cathode electrode) may be connected with the light emitting device 134b provided in each of the plurality of pixels P in common. The common electrode 134c may include a metal material having a high reflectance so as to reflect light, which is emitted from the light emitting device 134b and is incident thereon, toward the base member 110.

[00207] The light emitting device 134b may be implemented to emit light of the same color (for example, white light) for each pixel, or may be implemented to emit light of a different color (for example, red, green, or blue light) for each pixel. The light emitting device 134b may have a stack structure including two or more structures or a single structure including the same color for each pixel. Alternatively, the light emitting device 134b may have a stack structure including two or more structures including one or more different colors for each pixel. Two or more structures including one or more different colors may be 30 configured with one or more of blue, red, yellow-green, and green, or a combination thereof, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Examples of a combination may include a combination of blue and red, a combination of red and yellow-green, a combination of red and green, and a combination of red, yellow-green, and green, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. In a stack structure including two or more structures having the same color or one or more different colors, a charge generating layer may be further provided between two or more structures. Hie charge generating layer may have a PN junction structure and may include an N-type charge generating layer and a P-type charge generating layer.

[00208] The light emitting device 134b may include a micro light emitting diode device electrically connected with the pixel electrode 134a and the common electrode 134c. The micro light emitting diode device may be a light emitting diode implemented as an integrated circuit (IC) or chip type. The micro light emitting diode device may include a first terminal electrically connected with the pixel electrode 134a and a second terminal electrically connected with the common electrode 134c.

[00209] The display apparatus or the display part 130 may further include a color filter layer 137.

[00210] The color filter layer 137 may be provided between the base member 110 and the overcoat layer 33 to overlap the emission region EA of the pixel P. The color filter layer 137 may be provided between die passivation layer 132 and the overcoat layer 33 to overlap the emission region EA. Alternatively, the color filter layer 137 may be disposed between the base member 110 and the buffer layer 111, or may be provided between the buffer layer 111 and the passivation layer 132 to overlap the emission region EA.

[00211] The color filter layer 137 may include a color filter which transmits only wavelength of a color set in each of the plurality of pixels P. For example, the color filter layer 137 may include a red color filter, a green color filter, and a blue color filter, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00212] The display panel 100 or the display part 130 may further include an encapsulation layer 136.

[00213] The encapsulation layer 136 may be provided to surround or cover the display part 130. The encapsulation layer 136 may be configured to prevent external water or moisture from penetrating into the light emitting device layer 134. The encapsulation layer 136 may be formed of an inorganic material layer or an organic material layer, or may be formed in a multi-layer structure where an inorganic material layer and an organic material layer are alternately stacked or formed, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the encapsulation layer 136 may be omitted.

[00214] The display apparatus or the display panel 100 may further include a functional film 160.

[00215] The functional film 160 may be disposed on a second surface (or an outer surface or a light extraction surface), which is opposite to a first surface, of the base member 110. For example, the functional film 160 may be coupled or adhered to the second surface of the base member 110 by a transparent adhesive member. The functional film 160 may include one or more of an antireflection layer (or an antireflection film), a barrier layer (or a barrier film), a touch sensing layer, and a light path control layer (or a light path control film), but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00216] The antireflection layer may be a polarization layer (or a polarizing film) which blocks reflected light which is reflected by the TFTs and / or the signal lines disposed on the base member 110 and 31 travels to the outside again. For example, the antireflection layer may include a circular polarization layer (or a circular polarizing film). The barrier layer may include a material (for example, a polymer material) having a low water penetration rate, and thus, may prevent the penetration of water or oxygen from the outside. The touch sensing layer may include a touch electrode layer based on a mutual capacitance type or a selfcapacitance type, and thus, may output touch data corresponding a user touch through the touch electrode layer. Hie light path control layer may include a structure where a high refraction layer and a low refraction layer are alternately stacked or formed, and thus, may change a path of light incident from each pixel P to minimize a color shift phenomenon based on a viewing angle.

[00217] The plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) may be provided to cover the display part 130. The plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) may be attached on the display part 130 by an adhesive member 140. The adhesive member 140 may be provided on the base member 110 to surround the display part 130. A first surface of the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) may be coupled to (or attached on) the adhesive member 140, or may be directly coupled to (or attached on) the adhesive member 140. Accordingly, the display part 130 may be surrounded by the base member 110 and the adhesive member 140, and thus, may be buried or embedded between the base member 110 and the adhesive member 140. For example, a second surface 150a, which is opposite to or different from the first surface, of the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) may be a rear surface of the display apparatus or a rear surface (or a backside) of the display panel 100.

[00218] The plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) may dissipate heat which occurs in the display panel 100. The plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) may protect the display part 130 or tire display panel 100 from an external impact and may prevent external water or moisture from penetrating into the light emitting device layer 134. The plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) may compensate for the stiffness of the display panel 100. For example, the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) maybe a first driving electrode, a first electrode, a plate, a conductive plate, a conductive plate member, a heat dissipation member, a heat dissipation plate, a conductive substrate, a heat dissipation substrate, an encapsulation substrate, an encapsulation plate, a stiff plate, a second substrate, a rear substrate, a rear member, a rear plate, an internal substrate, or an internal plate, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00219] The plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) may include a conductive material or a metal material. For example, the plate member 150 may include one or more materials of an alloy of Fe and Ni, stainless steel, aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), a Mg alloy, a Mg-Li alloy, and an Al alloy, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00220] The adhesive member 140 may be disposed between the display part 130 and the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) and may bond or attach the plate member 150 to the display part 130. For example, the adhesive member 140 may be a filler. For example, the adhesive member 140 may include a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA), an optically clear adhesive (OCA), or an optically clear resin (OCR), but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the adhesive member 140 may further include a vibration transfer medium. For example, the vibration transfer medium may reduce the loss 32 of a vibration transferred to the base member 110 For example, the vibration transfer medium may include a piezoelectric material which is included in or added to the adhesive member 140, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00221] The display apparatus or the vibration generating apparatus 200 according to embodiments may further include an insulation layer 220.

[00222] The insulation layer 220 may be provided on the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate). For example, the insulation layer 220 may be provided on the second surface 150a of the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate). The insulation layer 220 may be provided in at least a portion of the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate). The insulation layer 220 may be disposed at the second surface 150a of the plate member 150 (or tire conductive substrate) at a periphery of each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 and tire plurality of electrode layers 230 of the vibration generating apparatus 200. For example, the insulation layer 220 may be provided to surround the periphery of each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230 at the second surface 150a of the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate). For example, the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230 of the vibration generating apparatus 200 may be provided not to overlap the insulation layer 220.

[00223] The insulation layer 220 may be disposed at the second surface 150a of tire plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) to surround a periphery- of the first vibration layer 210-1 corresponding (or adjacent) to the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) among the plurality of vibration layers 210. For example, the insulation layer 220 may be disposed at a portion or all of the other portion, except a disposition region of the first vibration layer 210-1, of the second surface 150a of the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate).

[00224] The insulation layer 220 may be formed to have a thickness which is the same as or different from that of the first vibration layer 210-1. For example, the insulation layer 220 may be formed to have the same thickness as that of the first vibration layer 210-1. The insulation layer 220 may cover tire second surface 150a of the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate), and thus, may prevent the occurrence of an electrical connection (or short circuit) with the plurality of electrode layers 230 on the plate member 150. The insulation layer 220 may include an organic material or an inorganic material, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00225] The vibration generating apparatus 200 may be configured to vibrate the display panel 100. The vibration generating apparatus 200 may be directly provided in the display panel 100, or may be directly connected with a rear surface of the display panel 100. For example, the vibration generating apparatus 200 may be integrated into the display panel 100. For example, the display panel 100 may be a display panel provided as one body with a vibration apparatus.

[00226] The vibration generating apparatus 200 may include the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) of the display panel 100. The plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) of the display panel 100 may be used as an electrode of the vibration generating apparatus 200. For example, the vibration generating apparatus 200 may be a vibration device, a vibration apparatus, a vibrator, a vibration generator, an 33 active vibration member, a displacement device, a displacement apparatus, a sound generating device, a sound generator, a sound generating apparatus, a speaker, or a piezoelectric speaker, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00227] The vibration generating apparatus 200 may alternately repeat contraction and / or expansion based on a piezoelectric effect to vibrate in a thickness direction Z, and thus, may vibrate the display panel 100. For example, the vibration generating apparatus 200 may alternately and repeatedly contract and / or expand based on an inverse piezoelectric effect to vibrate in a thickness direction Z, and thus, may directly vibrate tire display panel 100.

[00228] The vibration generating apparatus 200 may include a plate member 150 (or a conductive substrate), a plurality of vibration layers 210, and a plurality of electrode layers 230.

[00229] The plurality of vibration layers 210 may include a first vibration layer 210-1, a second vibration layer 210-2, and a third vibration layer 210-3. For example, the plurality of vibration layers 210 may include two or more layers, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Also, the plurality of electrode layers 230 may include a first electrode layer 230-1, a second electrode layer 230-2, and a third electrode layer 230-3. The plurality of vibration layers 210 may be provided to be equal to the number of electrode layers 230 and the number of vibration layers 21 and the number of electrode layers 23 may each be provided as two or more, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00230] The plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate), the plurality of vibration layers 210, and the plurality of electrode layers 230 may be alternately stacked or formed. For example, the first vibration layer 210-1 of the plurality of vibration layers 210 may be disposed at the second surface 150a of the plate member 150, and the first electrode layer 230-1 of the plurality of electrode layers 230 may be disposed at a second surface 210a of the first vibration layer 210-1. For example, the first vibration layer 210-1 and the first electrode layer 230-1 may be configured to correspond (adjacent) to each other. Also, the first vibration layer 210-1 may be disposed between the first electrode layer 230-1 and the plate member 150. Also, the second vibration layer 210-2 of the plurality of vibration layers 210 may be disposed at a second surface 230a of the first electrode layer 230-1, and the second electrode layer 230-2 of the plurality of electrode layers 230 may be disposed at a second surface 210a of the second vibration layer 210-2. For example, the second vibration layer 210-2 and the second electrode layer 230-2 may be configured to correspond (adjacent) to each other. Also, the first electrode layer 230-1 may be disposed between the first vibration layer 210-1 and the second vibration layer 210-2. Also, the second vibration layer 210-2 may be disposed between the first electrode layer 230-1 and the second electrode layer 230-2. Also, the third vibration layer 210-3 of the plurality of vibration layers 210 may be disposed at a second surface 230a of the second electrode layer 230-2, and the third electrode layer 230-3 of the plurality of electrode layers 230 may be disposed at a second surface 210a of the third vibration layer 210-3. For example, the third vibration layer 210-3 and the third electrode layer 230-3 may be configured to correspond (adjacent) to each other. Also, the second electrode layer 230-2 may be disposed between the second vibration layer 210-2 and the third vibration layer 210-3. Also, the third vibration layer 210-3 may be disposed between the second electrode layer 230-2 and the third electrode layer 230-3. Accordingly, the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230 may be alternately stacked or formed.

[00231] The plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) of the display panel 100 may be configured as a driving electrode which drives (or vibrates) the plurality of vibration layers 210 along with the plurality of electrode layers 230. For example, the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) may be a first driving electrode to which a first vibration driving signal is applied. For example, the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) may be a first driving electrode, a first electrode, a conductive plate, a metal electrode, an electrode member, an electrode plate, a lower electrode, a lower electrode plate, a common electrode member, or a common electrode.

[00232] The plurality of vibration layers 210 may be provided at a first surface or a second surface, which is opposite to the first surface, of the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate). For example, the plurality of vibration layers 210 may be provided at the second surface of the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate). For example, a vibration layer 210 adjacent to the plate member 150 among the plurality of vibration layers 210 may be directly formed at or directly coupled to (or connected to) the second surface ofthe plate member 150. The other vibration layer210 of the plurality of vibration layers 210 maybe stacked or formed on the second surface of the plate member 150.

[00233] At least some of the plurality of electrode layers 230 may be a first driving electrode to which a first vibration driving signal is applied along with the plate member 150. Also, the other some of tire plurality of electrode layers 230 may be a second driving electrode to which a second vibration driving signal is applied. For example, the first driving signal and the second driving signal may be signals having different polarities, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00234] Each of the plurality of electrode layers 230 may be provided to respectively correspond to the plurality of vibration layers 210. For example, the plurality of electrode layers 230 may be provided to be equal to the number of vibration layers 210. Each of the plurality of electrode layers 230 may be provided at or coupled to (or connected to) the second surface 21a of a corresponding (or adjacent) vibration layer 210. For example, the plurality of electrode layers 230 may be provided to respectively correspond to the plurality of vibration layers 210 in a one-to-one relationship. At least one of the plurality of electrode layers 230 may be between adjacent vibration layers 210. For example, the other electrode layers 230, except an electrode layer of an uppermost layer, of tine plurality of electrode layers 230 may be disposed between adjacent vibration layers 210. Therefore, each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 may vibrate based on a vibration driving signal (or a voltage or a signal) applied to the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) of the display panel 100 and the plurality of electrode layers 230. For example, each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 may vibrate based on a first vibration driving signal (or a first voltage or a first signal) applied to the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) of the display panel 100 and some of the plurality of electrode layers 230 and a second vibration driving signal (or a second voltage or a second signal) applied to the other some of the plurality of electrode layers 230. The plurality of electrode layers 230 may have the same size as that of the plurality of vibration layers 210, or may have a size which is less than that of the plurality of vibration layers 210. Each of the plurality of electrode layers 230 may be disposed at a center portion of a corresponding (or adjacent) vibration layer 210. For example, the plurality of electrode layers 230 may have the same shape as that of the plurality of vibration layers 210, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the plurality of electrode layers 230 may each be an electrode layer, an upper electrode, an upper electrode layer, a middle electrode, a middle electrode layer, a first driving electrode, a second driving electrode, an individual electrode, an individual electrode layer, a patterned electrode, or a patterned electrode layer, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00235] To prevent an electrical connection (or short circuit) between the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) and the plurality of electrode layers 230, each of the plurality of electrode layers 230 may be formed at the other portion, except a periphery portion of the second surface 210a, of a corresponding (or adjacent) vibration layer 210 of the plurality of vibration layers 210. For example, each of the plurality of electrode layers 230 may be formed at all of the other second surface, except a periphery portion, of a corresponding (or adjacent) vibration layer 210 of the plurality of vibration layers 210. For example, a distance between a lateral surface (or an outer wall) of each of the plurality of electrode layers 230 and a lateral surface (or an outer wall) of each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 may be at least 0.5 mm or more. For example, the distance between the lateral surface of each of the plurality of electrode layers 230 and the lateral surface of each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 may be at least 1 mm or more, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00236] Each of tire plurality of vibration layers 210 may include a piezoelectric material or an electroactive material having a piezoelectric effect. For example, the piezoelectric material may have a characteristic where pressure or twisting is applied to a crystalline structure by an external force, a potential difference occurs due to dielectric polarization caused by a relative position change of a positive (+) ion and a negative (-) ion, and a vibration is generated by an electric field based on a voltage applied thereto. For example, each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 may be a piezoelectric layer, a piezoelectric material layer, an electro active layer, a piezoelectric material portion, an electro active portion, a piezoelectric structure, piezoelectric ceramic, a vibration portion, a vibration generating portion, a displacement portion, a displacement generating portion, a sound generating portion, or an active vibration portion, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00237] Each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 may include a ceramic-based material capable of implementing a relatively high vibration, or may include piezoelectric ceramic having a perovskite-based crystalline structure.

[00238] The piezoelectric ceramic may include single crystalline ceramic having a single crystalline structure, or may include polycrystalline ceramic or a ceramic material having a polycrystalline structure. A piezoelectric material of the single crystalline ceramic may include a-AlPO4, a-SiO2, LiNbOs, TbTMoCff. LVB4O7. or ZnO, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The piezoelectric material of the single crystalline ceramic may include a lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-based material including lead (Pb), zirconium (Zr), and titanium (Ti) or may include a lead zirconate nickel niobate (PZNN)-based material including lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and niobium (Nb), but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 may include one or more of CaTiOs, BaTiCh, and SrTiOs without Pb, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00239] Each of the plurality of electrode layers 230 may include a transparent conductive material, a semitransparent conductive material, or an opaque conductive material. For example, the transparent conductive material or the semitransparent conductive material of each of the plurality of electrode layers 230 may include indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO), but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Hie opaque conductive material of each of the plurality of electrode layers 230 may include gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), molybdenum (Mo), magnesium (Mg), carbon, or glass frit-containing Ag, or may include an alloy thereof, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the plurality of electrode layers 230 may include Ag having low resistivity, so as to enhance an electrical characteristic and / or a vibration characteristic of the plurality of vibration layers 210. For example, the carbon may be carbon black, ketjen black, carbon nano tube, or a carbon material including graphite, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00240] In the plurality of electrode layers 230 including Ag including the glass frit, a content of glass frit may be lwt% to 12wt%, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The glass frit may include a PbO or Bi :0-,-based material, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Accordingly, a coupling force (or an adhesive force) between the plurality' of electrode layers 230 and the plurality of vibration layers 210 may increase based on the glass frit. For example, a coupling force (or an adhesive force) between a first surface of each of the plurality of electrode layers 230 and a second surface 210a of a corresponding (or adjacent) vibration layer 210 of the plurality of vibration layers 210 may increase based on the glass frit.

[00241] The plurality' of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230 may be provided on the second surface 150a of the plate member 150 through a process before a coupling process between the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) and the display part 130. A first surface of a vibration layer 210 adjacent to the plate member 150 among the plurality of vibration layers 210 may be coupled to or contact the second surface 150a of the plate member 150. Also, the plurality of electrode layers 230 and the plurality of vibration layers 210 may be alternately provided on the vibration layer 210 coupled to the plate member 150. For example, a first surface of the first vibration layer 210-1 of the plurality of vibration layers 210 may be electrically coupled to or electrically contact the second surface 150a of the plate member 150. Also, a second surface 210a of the first vibration layer 210-1 may be electrically coupled to or electrically contact a first surface of the first electrode layer 230-1 of the plurality of electrode layers 230. Also, a first surface of the second vibration layer 210-2 of the plurality of vibration layers 210 may be electrically coupled to or electrically contact the second surface 230a of the first electrode layer 230-1. Also, a second surface 210a of the second vibration layer 210-2 may be electrically coupled to or electrically contact a first surface of the second electrode layer 230-2 of tire plurality of electrode layers 230. Also, a first surface of the third vibration layer 210-3 of the plurality of vibration layers 210 may be electrically coupled to or electrically contact the second surface 230a of the second electrode layer 230-2. Also, a second surface 210a of the third vibration layer 210-3 may be electrically coupled to or electrically contact a first surface of the third electrode layer 230-37 3 of the plurality of electrode layers 230. For example, when the number of vibration layers 210 is four or more or the number of electrode layers 230 is four or more, four or more vibration layers 210 and electrode layers 230 may be alternately stacked or formed by repeating the above-described process.

[00242] Each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230 may include a three or more-angled polygonal shape, a non-tetragonal shape, a circular shape, or an oval shape, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the non-tetragonal shape may include one or more of one or more lines and one or more curves having a curvature, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00243] The plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230 may be configured or implemented to be alternately stacked or formed on the second surface 150a of the plate member 150 by a tape casting scheme. For example, the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230 may be alternately stacked or formed on the second surface 150a of the plate member 150 by a tape casting process (or scheme) by a piezoelectric material and a conductive material on the plate member 150.

[00244] Each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230 may be formed (or manufactured) through a step of preparing a metal paste and a slurry including a piezoelectric powder (or a ceramic powder) and additives, a step of coating (or tape casting or forming) the slurry on the second surface of the plate member 150, a step of dry ing (or curing) the coated (or formed) slurry, a step of coating (or tape casting or forming) the metal paste on a second surface of the cured slurry, a step of drying (or curing) the coated (or formed) metal paste, a step of alternately and repeatedly coating (or forming) and drying (or curing) the slurry and the metal paste, and a step of molding (or sintering) the alternately stacked (or formed) slurry and metal paste at least once. For example, the additives added to the slurry may include a material or substance of the piezoelectric material composition field, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Also, the additives of the slurry may include one or more of a dispersant, a solvent, a binder, and a plasticizer, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Also, the additives added to the metal paste may include a material or substance of the electrode material composition field, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the metal paste may be Ag, Au, Cu, and Ag / Cu, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the additives of the metal paste may be sintered simultaneously with piezoelectric ceramic and may include a binder for reinforcing an adhesive force with ceramic, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00245] According to embodiments, the binder may include a high temperature binder. For example, the binder may include a glass frit. The binder may remain in a particle state on the second surface of the plate member 150 and / or the second surface of the cured metal paste in drying the slurry. The binder may be changed to a liquid state when a piezoelectric particle (or a ceramic particle) grows at a molding (or sintering) temperature of the slurry, may move to an interface between the plate member 150 and / or the cured metal paste and a piezoelectric, and may be coagulated as a molding temperature is reduced, thereby increasing a coupling force (or an adhesive force) between the plate member 150 and / or the cured metal paste and the piezoelectric. For example, a content of glass frit may be lwt% to 12wt%, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The glass frit may include a PbO or Bi2O3-based material, but embodiments 38 of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the metal paste may be a middle electrode or an upper electrode of the piezoelectric, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00246] The plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230 may be configured by the tape casting scheme, and thus, may not be limited to a specific shape and may include a three or more-angled polygonal shape, a non-tetragonal shape, a circular shape, or an oval shape, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00247] The plurality of vibration layers 210 may overlap the display part 130 of the display panel 100. For example, the plurality of vibration layers 210 may have a size corresponding to the display part 130 of tire display panel 100. For example, a size of the plurality of vibration layers 210 may be less than or equal to that of the display part 130. For example, a size of the plurality of vibration layers 210 may be 0.9 to 1.1 times a size of the display part 130, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, a size of the plurality of vibration layers 210 may be equal to or almost equal to that of the display part 130 of the display panel 100, and thus, may cover a large region of the display panel 100 and a vibration generated by the plurality of vibration layers 210 may vibrate an entire region of the display panel 100, thereby enhancing satisfaction of a user and increasing a sense of localization of a sound. Also, a contact area (or a panel coverage) between the display panel 100 and the vibration generating apparatus 200 may increase, and thus, a vibration region of the display panel 100 may increase, thereby enhancing a sound of a middle-low pitched sound band generated based on a vibration of the display panel 100.

[00248] Each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 may be polarized (or poling) by a certain voltage applied from the outside to the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) and the first driving electrode and the second driving electrode of the plurality of electrode layers 230 in a certain temperature atmosphere or a temperature atmosphere which is changed from a high temperature to a room temperature, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 may alternately and repeatedly contract and / or expand based on an inverse piezoelectric effect based on a first vibration driving signal and a second vibration driving signal applied from the outside to the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) and the first driving electrode and the second driving electrode of the plurality of electrode layers 230, and thus, may vibrate. For example, the plurality of vibration layers 210 may vibrate based on a vertical-direction vibration and / or a horizontal-direction (or a direction parallel to a plane) vibration according to the first vibration driving signal and the second vibration driving signal applied to the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) and the first driving electrode and the second driving electrode of the plurality of electrode layers 230. Accordingly, a displacement of the vibration generating apparatus 200 or the display panel 100 may be increased or enhanced based on the contraction and / or expansion of the plurality of vibration layers 210 in a horizontal direction (or a direction parallel to a plane).

[00249] Tire display panel or the vibration generating apparatus 200 may further include a protection layer 240.

[00250] The protection layer 240 may be configured to protect the vibration generating apparatus 200. The protection layer 240 may be configured to protect the insulation layer 220, the plurality of vibration layers 210, and the plurality of electrode layers 230. For example, the protection layer 240 may be configured to 39 protect the third electrode layer 230-3 of an uppermost layer of the plurality of electrode layers 230. The protection layer 240 may be configured to protect the lateral surfaces of the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230, which are stacked or formed under the third electrode layer 230-3. For example, the protection layer 240 may be configured to surround or cover the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230. For example, the protection layer 240 may include an inorganic material or an organic material, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00251] The protection layer 240 may include a cover member 260 and an adhesive layer 250.

[00252] The cover member 260 may be provided to protect the vibration generating apparatus 200. The cover member 260 may be provided to protect the insulation layer 220, the plurality of vibration layers 210, and the plurality of electrode layers 230. For example, the cover member 260 may be configured to surround or cover the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230. For example, the cover member 260 may be a cover film, a cover layer, a protection member, or a protection layer, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the cover member 260 may be a polyimide (PI) film, a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, or a polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00253] The cover member 260 may be connected with or coupled to a second surface 230a of the third electrode layer 230-3 of an uppermost layer of the plurality of electrode layers 230 by an adhesive layer 250. For example, the cover member 260 may be connected with or coupled to the third electrode layer 230-3 by a film laminating process by the adhesive layer 250. For example, the cover member 260 may be connected with or coupled to the insulation layer 220, the third electrode layer 230-3, and the lateral surfaces of the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230, which are stacked or formed under the third electrode layer 230-3.

[00254] The adhesive layer 250 may be disposed between the third electrode layer 230-3 and the cover member 260. For example, the adhesive layer 250 may be provided or disposed between the insulation layer 220 and the cover member 260 to cover or surround the plurality of vibration layers 210 and die plurality of electrode layers 230. For example, the adhesive layer 250 may be provided or filled between the insulation layer 220 and the cover member 260 to fully surround the second surface 230a of the third electrode layer 230-3 and the lateral surfaces of the plurality of vibration layers 210 and die plurality of electrode layers 230, which are stacked or formed under the third electrode layer 230-3. For example, the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230 may be buried or embedded between the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate), and the insulation layer 220 and the adhesive layer 250.

[00255] Hie adhesive layer 250 may include an electrical insulating material which has adhesive properties and is capable of compression and decompression. For example, the adhesive layer 250 may include epoxy-based resin, acrylic-based resin, silicone-based resin, or urethane-based resin, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00256] In the vibration generating apparatus 200, the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) of the display panel 100 may be used as a first driving electrode, and thus, one electrode may be omitted and a thickness may be slimmed by a thickness of one omitted electrode, thereby decreasing a thickness of a display apparatus.

[00257] The display apparatus may further include a supporting member 300 which is disposed at a rear surface of the display member 100 (or the plate member 150).

[00258] The supporting member 300 may be disposed on the rear surface of the display panel 100. For example, the supporting member 300 may cover the rear surface of the display panel 100 and the vibration generating apparatus 200. For example, the supporting member 300 may be provided to surround a lateral surface and the rear surface of the display panel 100.

[00259] The supporting member 300 may cover the entire rear surface of the display panel 100 with a gap space GS therebetween. The supporting member 300 may be spaced apart from a rearmost surface of the display panel 100 with the gap space GS therebetw een, or may be spaced apart from the vibration generating apparatus 200. For example, the gap space GS may be referred to as an air gap, a vibration space, and a sound sounding box, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the terms.

[00260] The supporting member 300 may include one or more of a glass material, a metal material, and a plastic material. Fox example, the supporting member 300 may be a rear structure, a set structure, a supporting structure, a supporting cover, a back cover, a cover bottom, a rear member, a case, or a housing, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the terms. For example, the supporting member 300 may be implemented as an arbitrary type frame or a plate structure disposed on the rear surface of the display member 100.

[00261] The supporting member 300 may include a first supporting member 310 and a second supporting member 330.

[00262] The first supporting member 310 may be disposed between the display panel 100 and the second supporting member 330. For example, the first supporting member 310 may be disposed between a rear edge (or a rear periphery) of the display panel 100 and a front edge portion (or a front periphery portion) of the second supporting member 330. The first supporting member 310 may support one or more of an edge portion (or a periphery portion) of the display panel 100 and an edge portion (or a periphery portion) of the second supporting member 330. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the first supporting member 310 may cover the rear surface of the display panel 100. For example, the first supporting member 310 may cover the entire rear surface ofthe display panel 100. For example, the first supporting member 310 may be a member which covers the entire rear surface of the display panel 100. For example, the first supporting member 310 may include one or more materials of a glass material, a metal material, and a plastic material. For example, the first supporting member 310 may be an inner plate, a first rear structure, a first supporting structure, a first supporting cover, a first back cover, a first rear member, an internal plate, or an internal cover, but the terms are not limited thereto. For example, the first supporting member 310 may be omitted.

[00263] The first supporting member 310 may be spaced apart from the rearmost surface of the display member 100 with the gap space GS therebetween, or may be spaced apart from the vibration generating apparatus 200.

[00264] The second supporting member 330 may be disposed on a rear surface of the first supporting member 310. The second supporting member 330 may be a member which covers the entire rear surface of the display panel 100. For example, the first supporting member 310 may be disposed between the rear surface of the display panel 100 and a front surface of the second supporting member 330. For example, the second supporting member 330 may include one or more of a glass material, a metal material, and a plastic material. For example, the second supporting member 330 may be an outer plate, a rear plate, a back plate, a back cover, a rear cover, a second rear structure, a second supporting structure, a second supporting cover, a second back cover, a second rear member, an external plate, or an external cover, but the terms are not limited thereto.

[00265] The supporting member 300 may further include a connection member 350 (or a coupling member).

[00266] The connection member 350 may be disposed between the first supporting member 310 and the second supporting member 330. For example, the first supporting member 310 and the second supporting member 330 may be coupled to or connected with each other by the connection member 350. For example, the connection member 350 may be an adhesive, an adhesive resin, a double-sided tape, a double-sided foam tape, a double-sided foam pad, or a double-sided adhesive foam pad, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the connection member 350 may have elasticity for absorbing an impact, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the connection member 350 may be disposed in an entire region between the first supporting member 310 and the second supporting member 350. According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the connection member 350 may be formed in a mesh structure having an air gap between the first supporting member 310 and the second supporting member 330.

[00267] The display apparatus may further include a middle frame 400.

[00268] The middle frame 400 may be disposed between a rear periphery' of the display panel 100 and a front periphery portion of the supporting member 300. The middle frame 400 may support one or more of a rear periphery' portion of the display panel 100 and a front periphery' portion of the supporting member 300. The middle frame 400 may surround one or more of lateral surfaces of each of the display panel 100 and the supporting member 300. The middle frame 400 may provide the air space GS between the display panel 100 and the supporting member 300. The middle frame 400 may be referred to as a middle cabinet, a middle cover, a middle chassis, a connection member, a frame, a frame member, or a lateral cover member, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the terms.

[00269] The middle frame 400 may include a first supporting part 410 and a second supporting part 430. For example, the second supporting part 430 may be a sidewall part, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the terms.

[00270] Tire first supporting part 410 may be disposed between the rear edge (or the rear periphery') of the display panel 100 and the front edge (or the front periphery) of the supporting member 300, and thus, may provide a gap space GS between the display panel 100 and the supporting member 300. A front surface of the first supporting part 410 may be coupled to or connected with the rear edge portion (or the rear periphery portion) of the display panel 100 by a first connection member 401. A rear surface of the first supporting part 42 410 may be coupled to the front edge (or the front periphery) of the supporting member 300 by a second connection member 403. For example, the first supporting part 410 may have a single tetragonal picture frame structure, or may include a picture frame structure having a plurality of division bar shapes, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00271] The second supporting part 430 may be arranged in parallel with the thickness direction Z of the display apparatus or the display panel 100. For example, the second supporting part 430 may be vertically coupled to (or connected to) an outer surface of the first supporting part 410 in parallel w ith the thickness direction Z of the display panel 100. The second supporting part 430 may surround one or more of an outer surface of the display panel 100 and an outer surface of the supporting member 300, thereby protecting the outer surface of each of the display panel 100 and the supporting member 300. The first supporting part 410 may protrude from an inner surface of the second supporting part 430 to the gap space GS between the display panel 100 and the supporting member 300.

[00272] The display apparatus according to embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 25, may include a panel connection member (or a connection member) 450 instead of the middle frame 400.

[00273] Referring to FIG. 25, the panel connection member 450 may be disposed between the rear periphery portion of the display member 100 and the front periphery portion of the supporting member 300, and thus, may provide a gap space GS between the display member 100 and the supporting member 300. The panel connection member 450 may be disposed between the rear periphery portion of the display member 100 and the front periphery7 portion of the supporting member 300, and thus, may be attached on (or coupled to) the display member 100 on the supporting member 300. For example, the panel connection member 450 may be implemented with a double-sided tape, a single-sided tape, or a double-sided foam tape, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, an adhesive layer of the panel connection member 450 may include epoxy-based adhesive material, acryl-based adhesive material, silicone-based adhesive material, or urethane-based adhesive material, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, to minimize tire transfer of a vibration of the display member 100 to the supporting member 300, the adhesive layer of the panel connection member 450 may include a urethane-based material, having a relatively ductile characteristic, compared to acryl-based material. Accordingly, a vibration loss of the display panel 100 caused by a vibration transferred to the supporting member 300 from the display panel 100 may be minimized.

[00274] In the display apparatus, in a case where the panel connection member 450 is provided instead of the middle frame 400, the supporting member 300 may include a bending sidewall which is bent from one side (or an end or one portion) of the second supporting member 330 to surround one or more of outer surfaces (or outer side walls) of the display panel 100. The bending sidewall may have a single sidewall structure or a hemming structure. The hemming structure may be a structure where an end portion of an arbitrary member is bent in a curved shape and overlaps or is spaced apart from another portion in parallel. For example, to enhance a sense of beauty of a lateral surface in design, the bending sidewall may include a first bending sidewall which is bent from one side (or an end or one portion) of the second supporting member 330 and a second bending sidewall which is bent from the first bending sidewall to a region between the first bending 43 side wall and an outer surface of the display member 100. The second bending sidewall may contact an inner surface of the first bending sidewall, or may be spaced apart from an inner surface of the first bending sidewall. Accordingly, the second bending sidewall may prevent that the outer surface of the display member 100 contacts the inner surface of the first bending sidewall. And / or, the second bending side wall may reduce or prevent that an external impact in a lateral direction is transferred to the outer surface of the display member 100.

[00275] The display apparatus may generate a vibration sound and / or a sound from a vibration of the display panel 100 based on a vibration of the vibration generating apparatus 200 provided on the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) of the display panel 100, and thus, may output a sound in a forward direction FD of the display panel 100. Also, the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) of the display panel 100 may protect the display part 130 from an external impact and may be used as an electrode of the vibration generating apparatus 200, and thus, the display apparatus may be reduced m thickness or slimmed based on a reduction in thickness of the vibration generating apparatus 200. Accordingly, the display apparatus may output a sound in the forward direction FD of the display panel 100 and may be slimmed.

[00276] FIG. 26 illustrates a rear surface of a display panel and a vibration generating apparatus, in a display apparatus according to embodiments. FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B’ in FIG. 26.

[00277] Referring to FIGs. 26 and 27, die display apparatus may further include a panel driving circuit 170 and a signal cable 500.

[00278] The panel driving circuit 170 may be electrically connected with a display panel 100. Tire panel driving circuit 170 may be disposed at a rear surface of the display panel 100 and may be electrically connected with a pad part 138 provided in the display panel 100.

[00279] The pad part 138 may be disposed at one side (or one portion) of the display panel 100. For example, the pad part 138 may be disposed at one periphery portion of the display panel 100. For example, the pad part 138 may include a plurality of pads 138p which are electrically connected with signal lines provided in the display panel 100.

[00280] The panel driving circuit 170 may include a plurality of flexible films 171, a plurality of data driving ICs 173, and one or more printed circuit boards (PCBs) 175.

[00281] Each of the plurality of flexible films 171 may be attached on the pad part 138 of the display-panel 100 by a film attachment process. Each of the plurality of flexible films 171 may be attached on a rear surface of the display panel 100.

[00282] Each of the plurality of data driving ICs 173 may be individually mounted on a corresponding flexible film 171 of each of the plurality of flexible films 171. Each of the plurality of data driving ICs 173 may receive pixel data and a timing control signal supplied from a display control circuit, convert the pixel data into an analog pixel-based data signal according to the timing control signal, and output the data signal. Tire pixel-based data signal may be supplied to a data line of the display part 130 through the flexible film 171 and the pad part 138.

[00283] The one or more PCBs 175 may be connected with the plurality of flexible films 171 and may be disposed at the rear surface of the display panel 100. For example, the one or more PCBs 175 may be disposed to overlap one rear periphery portion of the display panel 100, or may be disposed to overlap a plate member 150 (or a conductive substrate). Hie one or more PCBs 175 may be configured to transfer a signal and power between the elements of the panel driving circuit 170. For example, the one or more PCBs 175 may be connected with (or attached on) a second surface (or a rear surface) 150a of the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) by a buffer member 180. The buffer member 180 may include a material which prevents or minimizes the transfer of a vibration of the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) to the PCB 175, and thus, a noise caused by a vibration of the PCB 175 transferred from the plate member 150. For example, the buffer member 180 may be a double-sided tape or a double-sided cushion tape, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00284] The display apparatus or the vibration generating apparatus 200 according to embodiments may further include at least one contact patterns 270a and 270b. For example, the at least one contact patterns 270a and 270b may include a first contact pattern 270a and a second contact pattern 270b.

[00285] The first contact pattern 270a may be connected with or coupled to the plate member 150 of the vibration generating apparatus 200 and some of the plurality of electrode layers 230. For example, the first contact pattern 270a may be connected or coupled to the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) and the second electrode layer 230-2 of the plurality of electrode layers 230. Hie first contact pattern 270a may be configured so that the plate member 150 and the second electrode layer 230-2 are electrically connected with (or contact) each other. Also, the first contact pattern 270a may be supplied with the first driving signal from the outside and may apply or transfer the first driving signal to the plate member 150 and the second electrode layer 230-2. The first contact pattern 270a may extend from the plate member 150 and the plurality of electrode layers 230 and may be exposed at the outside. For example, the first contact pattern 270a connected with the plate member 150 may extend or protrude from a portion of the plate member 150. For example, the first contact pattern 270a connected with the plate member 150 may be exposed at the outside through a removed portion of a portion of the insulation layer 220. Also, the first contact pattern 270a connected with the second electrode layer 230-2 of the plurality of electrode layers 230 may extend or protrude from a portion of the second electrode layer 230-2. For example, the first contact pattern 270a connected with the second electrode layer 230-2 of the plurality of electrode layers 230 may extend from a portion of the second electrode layer 230-2 to the second vibration layer 210-2 and may be exposed at the outside. One end (or one side or one portion) of the first contact pattern 270a may be connected with each of the plate member 150 and the second electrode layer 230-2, and the other end (or the other side or the other portion) of the first contact pattern 270a may extend to or be disposed on the insulation layer 220 from a lateral surface of the plurality of vibration layers 230.

[00286] The second contact pattern 270b may be connected with or coupled to the other some of tire plurality of electrode layers 230 of the vibration generating apparatus 200. For example, the second contact pattern 270b may be connected or coupled to the first electrode layer 230-1 and the third electrode layer 230-3 of the plurality of electrode layers 230. Hie second contact pattern 270b may be configured so that the first 45 electrode layer 230-1 and the third electrode layer 230-3 are electrically connected with (or contact) each other. Also, the second contact pattern 270b may be supplied with the second driving signal from the outside and may apply or transfer the second driving signal to the first electrode layer 230-1 and the third electrode layer 230-3. The second contact pattern 270b may extend from the first electrode layer 230-1 and the third electrode layer 230-3 and may be exposed at the outside. For example, the second contact pattern 270b connected with the first electrode layer 230-1 may extend or protrude from a portion of the first electrode layer 230-1. For example, the second contact pattern 270b connected with the first electrode layer 230-1 may extend from a portion of the first electrode layer 230-1 to the first vibration layer 210-1 and may be exposed at the outside. Also, the second contact pattern 270b connected with the third electrode layer 230-3 may extend or protrude from a portion of the third electrode layer 230-3. For example, the second contact pattern 270b connected with the third electrode layer 230-3 may extend from a portion of the third electrode layer 230-3 to the third vibration layer 210-3 and may be exposed at the outside. One end (or one side or one portion) of the second contact pattern 270b may be connected with each of the first electrode layer 230-1 and the third electrode layer 230-3, and the other end (or the other side or the other portion) of the second contact pattern 270b may extend to or be disposed on the insulation layer 220 from the lateral surface of the plurality of vibration layers 230.

[00287] The signal cable 500 may be disposed at the rear surface of the display panel 100 so as to be electrically connected with the vibration generating apparatus 200. For example, the signal cable 500 may be configured to be electrically connected with the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) of the display panel 100 and the vibration generating apparatus 200. For example, the signal cable 500 may be configured to be electrically connected with the plate member 150 of the vibration generating apparatus 200 and the plurality of electrode layers 230. For example, the signal cable 500 may be configured to be electrically connected with the first contact pattern 270a (or a first driving electrode) connected with the plate member 150 and some of the plurality of electrode layers 230 and the second contact pattern 270b (or a second driving electrode) connected with the other some of the plurality of electrode layers 230. Also, the second contact pattern 270b may be connected with or coupled to the first electrode layer 230-1 and the third electrode layer 230-3 of the plurality of electrode layers 230. For example, the first contact pattern 27a and the second contact pattern 27b may not overlap each other. Also, the first contact pattern 27a and the second contact pattern 27b may not be connected with each other.

[00288] The signal cable 500 may be provided as one body with the vibration generating apparatus 200. For example, a portion of the signal cable 500 may be inserted (or accommodated) into the adhesive layer 250 between the plate member 150 and the cover member 260, and thus, may be provided as one body with the vibration generating apparatus 200. Accordingly, the vibration generating apparatus 200 may vibrate based on signals applied from the plate member 150 and the signal cable 500.

[00289] Tire signal cable 500 according to embodiments may include a line part 510, a first contact line 511, a second contact line 513, and aterminal part 530.

[00290] The line part 510 may be disposed at the rear surface of the display panel 100. A portion or one periphery' portion of the line part 510 may be inserted (or accommodated) into the vibration generating apparatus 200, or mav be provided as one body with the vibration generating apparatus 200. For example, the 46 portion or one periphery portion of the line part 510 may be covered by the cover member 260 of the vibration generating apparatus 200. For example, the portion or one periphery portion of the line part 510 may be inserted (or accommodated) into the adhesive layer 250 of the vibration generating apparatus 200, and thus, may be fixed to the vibration generating apparatus 200 or may be provided as one body with the vibration generating apparatus 200. Accordingly, a connection defect between the vibration generating apparatus 200 and the signal cable 500 caused by the movement or bending of the signal cable 500 may be minimized.

[00291] The line part 510 may include a base film, a line layer including first and second signal lines formed at the base film, and an insulation layer covering the line layer.

[00292] A first contact line 511 may be configured to be electrically connected with (or contact) the first contact pattern 270a (or the first driving electrode) connected with some of the plurality of electrode layers 230 and the plate member 150 of the vibration generating apparatus 200. For example, the first contact line 511 may be a portion of the first signal line exposed at one periphery portion of the line part 510, or may be a first finger line (or a first protrusion signal line) which extends (or protrudes) to have a certain length from the first signal line of the line part 510. The first contact line 511 may be electrically connected with (or contact) or electrically and directly connected with (or contact) the first contact pattern 270a of the vibration generating apparatus 200. Alternatively, the first contact line 511 may be electrically connected with (or contact) the first contact pattern 270a of tire vibration generating apparatus 200 by a conductive double-sided tape or an anisotropic conductive film. The first contact line 511 may be covered by the cover member 260 of the vibration generating apparatus 200, and thus, may be fixed to or provided as one body with the vibration generating apparatus 200. Accordingly, a connection defect between the vibration generating apparatus 200 and the signal cable 500 caused by the movement or bending of the signal cable 500 which is caused by a manufacturing process attaching the line part 510 to the first and second contact patterns 270a and 270b may be minimized.

[00293] The vibration generating apparatus 200 may use the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) of the display panel 100 as an electrode, and thus, a contact portion (or a contact region) between the first contact line 511 and the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) is not limited to a specific position of the second surface 150a of the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate). For example, the contact portion (or the contact region) between the first contact line 511 and the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) may be adjacent to the plurality of vibration layers 210 or the second contact pattern 270b of the vibration generating apparatus 200, and thus, a length of the signal cable 500 may be reduced or minimized.

[00294] A second contact line 513 may be configured to be electrically connected with (or contact) the second contact pattern 270b (or the second driving electrode) connected with the other some of the plurality of electrode layers 230 of the vibration generating apparatus 200. The second contact line 513 may be a portion of the second signal line exposed at one periphery' portion of the line part 510, or may be a second finger line (or a second protrusion signal line) which extends (or protrudes) to have a certain length from the second signal line of the line part 510. The second contact line 513 may be electrically connected with (or contact) or electrically and directly connected with (or contact) the second contact pattern 270b of the vibration generating 47 apparatus 200. Alternatively, the second contact line 513 may be electrically connected with (or contact) the second contact pattern 270b of the vibration generating apparatus 200 by a conductive double-sided tape or an anisotropic conductive film. The second contact line 513 may be covered by the cover member 260 of the vibration generating apparatus 200, and thus, may be fixed to or provided as one body with the vibration generating apparatus 200. Accordingly, a connection defect between the vibration generating apparatus 200 and the signal cable 500 caused by the movement or bending of the signal cable 500 which is caused by a manufacturing process attaching the line part 510 to the first and second contact patterns 270a and 270b may be minimized.

[00295] The terminal part 530 may be provided at the other periphery portion of the line part 510. The terminal part 530 may be provided to expose a portion of each of the first and second signal lines disposed at the other periphery portion of the line part 510. For example, the terminal part 530 may be electrically connected with a vibration driving signal (or a sound processing circuit), or may include a connector which is electrically connected with the vibration driving signal (or the sound processing circuit).

[00296] The signal cable 500 may be electrically coupled to the first contact pattern 270a and tire second contact pattern 270b, and thus, may apply or transfer the first and second vibration driving signals, supplied from the vibration driving signal (or the sound processing circuit), to the first contact pattern 270a and the second contact pattern 270b of the vibration generating apparatus 200 through the terminal part 530. For example, the first vibration driving signal may be applied or transferred to the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) and the second electrode layer 230-2 of the plurality of electrode layers 230 through the first contact pattern 270a. Also, the second vibration driving signal may be applied or transferred to the first electrode layer 230-1 and the third electrode layer 230-3 of the plurality of electrode layers 230 through the second contact pattern 270b.

[00297] The vibration generating apparatus 200 according to embodiments may vibrate based on first and second vibration driving signals (or sound signals) applied to, through the signal cable 500, the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) and the second electrode layer 230-2 connected with the plurality of first contact patterns 270a and the first electrode layer 230-1 and the third electrode layer 230-3 connected with the plurality of second contact patterns 270b, and thus, may vibrate the plate member 150 or the display panel 100.

[00298] FIG. 28 illustrates a display apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C’ in FIG. 28. FIGs. 28 and 29 illustrate an embodiment implemented by modifying the vibration generating apparatus described above with reference to FIGs. 22 to 27. In the following description, therefore, a modified element will be described in detail, the other elements are referred to by the same reference numerals as FIGs. 22 to 27, and repeated descriptions thereof may be omitted or will be briefly given.

[00299] Referring to FIGs. 28 and 29, a vibration generating apparatus 200 may include a plurality of vibration generating apparatuses 200-1 and 200-2. For example, the vibration generating apparatus 200 may include a first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and a second vibration generating apparatus 200-2.

[00300] The first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 may be provided in a first region A1 of a display panel 100. For example, the first region Al of the display panel 100 may be a first rear region, a left region, a left region of a rear surface of the display panel 100, or a rear left region. The first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 may be configured to have a size (or an area) which is less than that of the first region Al of the display panel 100. For example, the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 may be provided to have a square shape in the first region Al of the display panel 100, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Except forthat the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 is provided in the first region Al of the display panel 100, the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 may be configured to be equal to the vibration generating apparatus 200 described above with reference to FIGs. 22 to 27. For example, the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 may use a plate member 150 (or a conductive substrate) of the display panel 100 as an electrode (or a first driving electrode) and may include a plurality of vibration layers 210 coupled to (or provided at) a portion of a first region Al of the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate), a plurality of electrode layers 230 respectively coupled to the plurality of vibration layers 210, and a cover member 260 covering the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230, and thus, repeated descriptions thereof may be omitted.

[00301] The first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 may vibrate based on a signal applied through the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) and a signal cable (or a first signal cable) 500, and thus, may vibrate the first region Al of the display panel 100. For example, the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 may vibrate based on first and second vibration driving signals (or sound signals) applied to a first contact pattern 270a and a second contact pattern 270b through the signal cable 500, and thus, may vibrate the plate member 150 or the first region Al of the display panel 100. For example, the plate member 150 or the first region Al of the display panel 100 may vibrate based on a vibration of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 to generate a first sound (or a first haptic feedback) or a left or right sound (or a left or right haptic feedback), and thus, the first sound (or the left sound) may be output in a forward direction of the display panel 100.

[00302] The second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be provided in a second region A2 of a display panel 100. For example, the second region A2 of the display panel 100 may be a second rear region, a right region, a right region of a rear surface of the display panel 100, or a rear right region. According to embodiments, the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be configured to have a size (or an area) which is less than that of the second region A2 of the display panel 100. For example, the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be provided to have a square shape in the second region A2 of the display panel 100, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Except for that the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 is provided in the second region A2 of the display panel 100, the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be configured to be equivalent to the vibration generating apparatus 200 described above with reference to FIGs. 22 to 27. For example, the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may use a plate member 150 (or a conductive substrate) of the display panel 100 as an electrode (or a first driving electrode) and may include a plurality of vibration layers 210 coupled to (or provided at) a portion of a second region A2 of the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate), a plurality of electrode layers 49 230 respectively coupled to (or connected to) the plurality of vibration layers 210, and a cover member 260 covering the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230, and thus, repeated descriptions thereof may be omitted.

[00303] The second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may vibrate based on a signal applied through the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) and a signal cable (or a second signal cable) 500, and thus, may vibrate the second region A2 of the display panel 100. For example, the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may vibrate based on first and second vibration driving signals (or sound signals) applied to a first contact pattern 270a and a second contact pattern 270b through the signal cable 500, and thus, may vibrate the plate member 150 or the second region A2 of the display panel 100. For example, the plate member 150 or the second region A2 of the display panel 100 may vibrate based on a vibration of the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 to generate a second sound (or a second haptic feedback) or a left or right sound (or a left or right haptic feedback), and thus, the second sound (or the right sound) may be output in a forward direction of the display panel 100.

[00304] The plate member 150 of the display panel 100 may be used as a driving electrode of each of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 and may be supplied with the first vibration driving signal through a first signal line of the signal cable 500 connected with each of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2. For example, the first vibration driving signal may be a first sound signal, a common sound signal, a lower electrode signal, a common electrode signal, or a negative vibration signal.

[00305] The first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be provided to be horizontally symmetric with each other with respect to a center (or a partition member 610) between the first region Al and a second region A2 of the display panel 100, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and may be provided to be horizontally asymmetric with each other.

[00306] Tire display apparatus may further include a partition 600 which divides the first region Al and a second region A2 of the display panel 100.

[00307] The partition 600 may be an air gap or a space where a sound is generated when the display panel 100 is vibrated by the first and second vibration generating apparatuses 200-1 and 200-2. For example, the partition 600 may separate a sound or may separate a channel, and moreover, may prevent or decrease a reduction in characteristic of a sound caused by interference of the sound. Tire partition 600 may be disposed between the display panel 100 and a supporting member 300. For example, the partition 600 may be disposed between a rear surface of the display panel 100 and a front surface of the supporting member 300. To decrease an adverse effect of the partition 600 on the image quality of the display panel 100, the partition 600 may be disposed in the supporting member 300. Ure partition 600 may be referred to as a sound blocking member, a sound separation member, a space separation member, an enclosure, or a baffle, but embodiments of tine present disclosure are not limited to the terms.

[00308] Tire partition 600 may include a partition member (or a first partition member) 610 disposed between the first and second vibration generating apparatuses 200-1 and 200-2. 50

[00309] The partition member 610 may be disposed between the first region Al and the second region A2 of the display panel 100. The partition member 610 may be disposed between the first region Al and the second region A2 of a rear surface of the display panel 100. The partition member 610 may be disposed between the supporting member 300 and the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) of the display panel 100 between the first region Al and the second region A2 of the display panel 100. For example, the partition member 610 may be disposed between the supporting member 300 and a rear surface of the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) between the first region Al and the second region A2 of the display panel 100. The partition member 610 may separate a first sound generated by the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and a second sound generated by the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2. For example, the partition member 610 may prevent a vibration, generated in the first region Al of the display panel 100 by the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1, from being transferred to the second region A2 of the display panel 100, or may prevent a vibration, generated in the second region A2 of the display panel 100 by the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2, from being transferred to the first region Al of the display panel 100. Therefore, the partition member 610 may attenuate or absorb a vibration of the display panel 100 at a center of the display panel 100, and thus, may prevent a sound of the first region Al from being transferred to the second region A2 or may prevent a sound of the second region A2 from being transferred to the first region Al. Accordingly, the partition member 610 may separate a left sound and a right sound to further enhance a sound output characteristic of the display apparatus, and thus, the display apparatus according to embodiments may output a 2-channel sound and / or a stereo sound, including a 2-channel, in a forward direction of the display panel 100 based on the separation of the left and right sounds by the partition member 610.

[00310] The partition 600 according to embodiments may include a second partition member 620 surrounding the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and a third partition member 630 surrounding the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2.

[00311] Tire second partition member 620 may be disposed between the first region Al of the display panel 100 and the supporting member 300 to surround the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1. The second partition member 620 may be disposed between the first region Al of the display panel 100 and the supporting member 300 so as to be spaced apart from tire first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 by a certain distance. The second partition member 620 may provide a first air gap AG1 surrounding the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 between the display panel 100 and the supporting member 300. For example, the second partition member 620 may be disposed between the supporting member 300 and the first region Al of the plate member 150 corresponding to the first region Al of the display panel 100. For example, the second partition member 620 may define or limit a vibration region (or a vibration area) of the first region Al of the display panel 100 by the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1.

[00312] The third partition member 630 may be disposed between the second region A2 of the display-panel 100 and the supporting member 300 to surround the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2. The third partition member 630 may be disposed between the second region A2 of the display panel 100 and the supporting member 300 so as to be spaced apart from the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 by a 51 certain distance. The third partition member 630 may provide a second air gap AG2 surrounding the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 between the display panel 100 and the supporting member 300. For example, the third partition member 630 may be disposed between the supporting member 300 and the second region A2 of the plate member 150 corresponding to the second region A2 of the display panel 100. For example, the third partition member 630 may define or limit a vibration region (or a vibration area) of the second region A2 of the display panel 100 by the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2.

[00313] The first air gap AG1 and a second air gap AG2 may each be a sound separation space, a sound blocking space, or a sound interference prevention space, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00314] The second and third partition members 620 and 630 may separate the first sound generated by the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second sound generated by the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2. For example, the second and third partition members 620 and 630 may prevent a vibration, generated in the first region Al of the display panel 100 by the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1, from being transferred to the second region A2 of the display panel 100, or may prevent a vibration, generated in the second region A2 of the display panel 100 by the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2, from being transferred to the first region Al of the display panel 100. Therefore, the second and third partition members 620 and 630 may attenuate or absorb a vibration of the display panel 100 at a center of the display panel 100, and thus, may prevent a sound of the first region Al from being transferred to the second region A2 or may prevent a sound of the second region A2 from being transferred to the first region Al. Accordingly, the second and third partition members 620 and 630 may separate a left sound and a right sound to further enhance a sound output characteristic of the display apparatus, and thus, the display apparatus may output a 2-channel sound and / or a stereo sound, including a 2-channel, in the forward direction of the display panel 100 based on the separation of the left and right sounds by the second and third partition members 620 and 630.

[00315] The partition member 610, and the second and third partition members 620 and 630 may include a material having elasticity, which is capable of being compressed to certain degree, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Each of the partition 600, the partition member 610, and the second and third partition members 620 and 630 may include polyurethane or polyolefin, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Each of the partition 600, the partition member 610, and tine second and third partition members 620 and 630 may include an adhesive, a single-sided adhesive, a doublesided adhesive, a single-sided tape, a single-sided foam tape, a double-sided tape, or a double-sided foam tape, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00316] In some embodiments, only one or two of the partition member 610 and the second and third partition members 620 and 630 may be provided. In this case, one or two of the partition member 610 and the second and third partition members 620 and 630 may be disposed between the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2, and thus, may separate a left sound and a right sound.

[00317] Therefore, because a left sound and a right sound are separated from each other by one or more of the partition member 610 and the second and third partition members 620 and 630, a sound output characteristic of the display apparatus may be further enhanced, and based on the separation of the left sound and the right sound, a stereo sound including a 2-channel and / or a 2-channel sound may be output in the forward direction of the display panel 100.

[00318] The display apparatus described above with reference to FIGs. 22 to 27 may output a sound in a forward direction FD of the display panel 100, and a thickness of the display apparatus may be reduced or slimmed. Also, the display apparatus may output a stereo sound including a 2-channel and / or a 2-channel sound in the forward direction of the display panel 100, based on left and right separation vibrations of the display panel 100 based on vibrations of the first and second vibration generating apparatuses 200-1 and 200-2.

[00319] FIGs. 30 to 32 illustrate a display apparatus according to another embodiment. FIGs. 30 to 32 illustrate an embodiment implemented by modifying the vibration generating apparatus described above with reference to FIGs. 28 and 29. In the following description, therefore, a modified element will be described in detail, the other elements are referred to by the same reference numerals as FIGs. 28 and 29, and repeated descriptions thereof may be omitted or will be briefly given.

[00320] Referring to FIG. 30, a vibration generating apparatus 200 may include a first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 provided in a first region Al of a display panel 100 and a second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 provided in a second region A2 of the display panel 100.

[00321] In the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1, a plurality of vibration layers 210 may be configured to have a size (or an area) which is less than that of the first region Al of the display panel 100 and is greater than half of the first region Al of the display panel 100. For example, in the first region Al of the display panel 100, the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 may be provided to have a square shape having a size (or an area) which is greater than half of the first region Al and is less than a total size of the first region Al, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Therefore, a sound of a middle-low pitched sound band generated based on a vibration of the first region Al of the display panel 100 may be enhanced. For example, a plurality of vibration layers 210 of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 may be molded after being formed or coated in a square shape on a second surface of a plate member 150 (or a conductive substrate) corresponding to the first region Al of the display panel 100. A plurality of electrode layers 230 may be provided to have the same shape as that of the plurality of vibration layers 210. An insulation layer 220 may be provided to cover the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) at a periphery of each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230. Also, a cover member 260 may be configured to cover the insulation layer 220, the plurality of vibration layers 210, and the plurality of electrode layers 230.

[00322] In the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2, a plurality of vibration layers 210 may be configured to have a size (or an area) which is less than that of the second region A2 of the display panel 100 and is greater than half of the second region A2 of the display panel 100. For example, in the second region A2 of the display panel 100, the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be provided to have a square 53 shape having a size (or an area) which is greater than half of the second region A2 and is less than a total size of the second region A2, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Therefore, a sound of a middle-low pitched sound band generated based on a vibration of the second region A2 of the display panel 100 may be enhanced. For example, a plurality of vibration layers 210 of the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be molded after being formed or coated in a square shape on a second surface of a plate member 150 (or a conductive substrate) corresponding to the second region A2 of the display panel 100. A plurality of electrode layers 230 may be provided to have the same shape as that of the plurality of vibration layers 210. An insulation layer 220 may be provided to cover the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) at a periphery of each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230. Also, a cover member 260 may be configured to cover the insulation layer 220, the plurality of vibration layers 210, and the plurality of electrode layers 230.

[00323] The first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be provided to be horizontally symmetric with each other with respect to a center (or a partition member 610) between the first region Al and the second region A2 of the display panel 100, but are not limited thereto and may be provided to be horizontally asymmetric with each other.

[00324] Referring to FIG. 31a vibration generating apparatus 200 may include a first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 provided in a first region Al of a display panel 100 and a second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 provided in a second region A2 of the display panel 100.

[00325] In the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1, a plurality of vibration layers 210 may be configured to have a rectangular shape having a size (or an area) which is less than or equal to half of the first region A1 of the display panel 100, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto and the plurality of vibration layers 210 may be provided to have a rectangular shape having a size (or an area) which is greater than half of the first region Al and is less than a total size of the first region Al. Therefore, a sound of a middle-low pitched sound band generated based on a vibration of the first region Al of the display panel 100 may be enhanced. For example, a plurality of vibration layers 210 of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 may be molded after being formed or coated in a rectangular shape on a second surface of a plate member 150 (or a conductive substrate) corresponding to the first region Al of the display panel 100. A plurality of electrode layers 230 may be provided to have the same shape as that of the plurality of vibration layers 210. An insulation layer 220 may be provided to cover the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) at a periphery of each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230. Also, a cover member 260 may be configured to cover the insulation layer 220, the plurality of vibration layers 210, and the plurality of electrode layers 230.

[00326] In the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2, a plurality of vibration layers 210 may be configured to have a rectangular shape having a size (or an area) which is less than or equal to half of the second region A2 of the display panel 100, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto and the plurality of vibration layers 210 may be provided to have a rectangular shape having a size (or an area) which is greater than half of the second region A2 and is less than a total size of the second region A2. Therefore, a sound of a middle-low pitched sound band generated based on a vibration of the second region 54 A2 of the display panel 100 may be enhanced. For example, a plurality of vibration layers 210 of the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be molded after being formed or coated in a rectangular shape on a second surface of a plate member 150 (or a conductive substrate) corresponding to the second region A2 of the display panel 100. A plurality of electrode layers 230 may be provided to have the same shape as that of the plurality of vibration layers 210. An insulation layer 220 may be provided to cover the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) at a periphery of each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230. Also, a cover member 260 may be configured to cover the insulation layer 220, the plurality' of vibration layers 210, and the plurality of electrode layers 230.

[00327] The plurality of vibration layers 210 of each of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may have a rectangular shape which includes a long side parallel to a first direction X (for example, a horizontal length direction of the display panel 100) and a short side parallel to a second direction Y (for example, a vertical length direction of the display panel 100) intersecting with the first direction X.

[00328] The first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be provided to be horizontally symmetric with each other with respect to a center (or a partition member 610) between the first region Al and the second region A2 of the display panel 100, but are not limited thereto and may be provided to be horizontally asymmetric with each other.

[00329] Referring to FIG. 32 a vibration generating apparatus 200 may include a first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 provided in a first region Al of a display panel 100 and a second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 provided in a second region A2 of the display panel 100.

[00330] In the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1, a plurality of vibration layers 210 may be configured to have a circular shape having a size (or an area) which is less than or equal to half of tire first region Al of the display panel 100, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and the plurality of vibration layers 210 may be provided to have a circular shape having a size (or an area) which is greater than half of the first region A1 and is less than a total size of the first region A1. Therefore, the plurality of vibration layers 210 may configure a vibration source (or a vibrator) having a circular shape, and thus, a vibration characteristic or a sound output characteristic may be enhanced and a sound of a middle-low pitched sound band generated based on a vibration of the first region Al of the display panel 100 may be enhanced. For example, a plurality of vibration layers 210 of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 may be molded after being formed or coated in a circular shape on a second surface of a plate member 150 (or a conductive substrate) corresponding to the first region A l of the display panel 100. A plurality of electrode layers 230 may be provided to have the same shape as that of the plurality of vibration layers 210. An insulation layer 220 may be provided to cover the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) at a periphery of each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230. Also, a cover member 260 may be configured to cover the insulation layer 220, the plurality of vibration layers 210, and the plurality of electrode layers 230.

[00331] In the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2, a plurality of vibration layers 210 may be configured to have a circular shape having a size (or an area) which is less than or equal to half of the second 55 region A2 of the display panel 100, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto and the plurality of vibration layers 210 may be provided to have a circular shape having a size (or an area) which is greater than half of the second region A2 and is less than a total size of the second region A2. Therefore, the plurality of vibration layers 210 may configure a vibration source (or a vibrator) having a circular shape, and thus, a vibration characteristic or a sound output characteristic may be enhanced and a sound of a middle-low pitched sound band generated based on a vibration of the second region A2 of the display panel 100 may be enhanced. For example, a plurality of vibration layers 210 of the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be molded after being formed or coated in a circular shape on a second surface of a plate member 150 (or a conductive substrate) corresponding to the second region A2 of the display panel 100. A plurality of electrode layers 230 may be provided to have the same shape as that of the plurality of vibration layers 210. An insulation layer 220 may be provided to cover the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) at a periphery of each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230. Also, a cover member 260 may be configured to cover the insulation layer 220, the plurality of vibration layers 210, and the plurality of electrode layers 230.

[00332] The first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be provided to be horizontally symmetric with each other with respect to a center (or a partition member 610) between the first region Al and the second region A2 of the display panel 100, but are not limited thereto and may be provided to be horizontally asymmetric with each other.

[00333] FIG. 33 illustrates a display apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 33 illustrated an embodiment implemented by modifying the vibration generating apparatus described above with reference to FIGs. 28 to 30. In the following description, therefore, a modified element will be described in detail, the other elements are referred to by the same reference numerals as FIGs. 28 to 30, and repeated descriptions thereof may be omitted or will be briefly given.

[00334] Referring to FIG. 33, a vibration generating apparatus 200 may include a first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 provided in a first region Al of a display panel 100 and a second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 provided in a second region A2 of the display panel 100.

[00335] Each of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may include a plurality of vibrator blocks configured with a plurality of vibration layers 210 and a plurality of electrode layers 230. Each of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may further include a cover member 260. Each of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may use a plate member 150 (or a conductive substrate) of the display panel 100 as a driving electrode.

[00336] In each of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2, the plurality of vibrator blocks configured with the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230 may be arranged at a second surface of the plate member 150 (or tine conductive substrate) of the display panel 100 to have a certain interval in a first direction X and a second direction Y. For example, the plurality of vibrator blocks may be provided in a lattice form having a certain interval in the first direction X and the second direction Y. For example, the plurality of vibrator blocks may 56 be provided in an N*M form (where N and M may be the same or different natural numbers of 2 or more) having a certain interval in the first direction X and the second direction Y.

[00337] Each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 included in the plurality of vibrator blocks may include a three or more-angled polygonal shape, a non-tetragonal shape, a circular shape, or an oval shape, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto (the shapes being of the vibration layers in planform or plan view). For example, one or more of the plurality of vibration layers 210 may have different shapes. In embodiments, each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 may have a square shape. In other embodiments, some of the plurality of vibration layers 210 may have a square shape, and the other vibration layers 210 may have a circular shape. In other embodiments, the plurality of vibrator blocks may be divided into first to third groups. A plurality of vibration layers 210 included in a vibrator block of the first group may have a square shape, a plurality of vibration layers 210 included in a vibrator block of the second group may have a rectangular shape, and a plurality of vibration layers 210 included in a vibrator block of the third group may have a circular shape. For example, when each of the first and second regions Al and A2 of tire display panel 100 includes a center region, a middle region, and a periphery region, the vibrator block of the first group may be provided in the center region, the vibrator block of the second group may be provided in the middle region, and the vibrator block of the third group may be provided in the periphery region, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, a shape of a plurality of vibration layers 210 included in a vibrator block provided in each of the center region, the middle region, and the periphery region may be changed based on a sound characteristic and / or a sound pressure level characteristic of a display apparatus.

[00338] Each of the plurality of electrode layers 230 included in the plurality of vibrator blocks may be configured to have the same shape as that of a corresponding vibration layer 210 of the plurality of vibration layers 210. An insulation layer 220 may be provided to cover the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) at a periphen- of the plurality of vibrator blocks. Also, the cover member 260 may be provided to cover the insulation layer 220, and the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230 included in each of the plurality of vibrator blocks in common.

[00339] The signal cable 500 may include one or more first contact lines 511 and a plurality of second contact lines 513.

[00340] The one or more first contact lines 511 may be configured to be electrically connected with the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate). For example, the one or more first contact lines 511 may be electrically coupled to (or connected to) a second surface of the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) exposed at the first region Al of the display panel 100.

[00341] The signal cable 500 may include a plurality of first contact lines 511. For example, the signal cable 500 may include two first contact lines 511. The two first contact lines 511 may extend (or protrude) long from a line part 510 in the second direction Y and may be electrically coupled to (or connected to) the second surface of the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) in a region between two vibrator blocks adjacent to each other in the first direction X, and thus, a uniform first vibration driving signal may be applied to each of the plurality of vibrator blocks. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the one or more 57 first contact lines 511 may include a plurality of first contact lines 511. For example, the plurality of first contact lines 511 may be provided to be equal to the number of vibrator blocks and may be electrically coupled to (or connected to) each of the plurality of vibrator blocks. Each of the plurality of first contact lines 511 may extend (or protrude) long from the line part 510 in the second direction Y and may be electrically coupled to (or connected to) a corresponding vibrator block of the plurality of vibrator blocks.

[00342] The plurality- of second contact lines 513 may be configured to be electrically connected with each of the plurality of vibrator blocks. Each of the plurality of second contact lines 513 may extend (or protrude) long from the line part 510 in the second direction Y and may be electrically coupled to (or connected to) a corresponding vibrator block of the plurality of vibrator blocks.

[00343] In each of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2, each of the plurality of vibrator blocks may identically vibrate or may independently (or individually) vibrate based on the same or different second vibration driving signals. For example, one or more of second vibration driving signals applied to the plurality of vibrator blocks may differ. Therefore, each of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may output a 2 or more-channel sound. For example, when all of the second vibration driving signals applied to the plurality of vibrator blocks differ, each of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may generate a sound of N*M (or N row*M column or N row M column) channels.

[00344] In a plurality of vibrator blocks arranged in a 3*3 form, 1* 1st to l*3rd vibrator blocks may configure a height channel, 2* 1st to 2*3rd vibrator blocks may configure a center channel, and 3* 1st to 3*3rd vibrator blocks may configure a bottom channel. Accordingly, each of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may generate a sound of 3 channels or horizontal 3 channels.

[00345] In a plurality- of vibrator blocks arranged in a 3*3 form, 1* 1st, 2* 1st, and 3* 1st vibrator blocks may configure a left channel, l*2nd, 2*2nd, and 3*2nd vibrator blocks may configure a center channel, and 1 *3rd, 2*3rd, and 3*3rd vibrator blocks may configure a right channel. Accordingly, each of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may generate a sound of 3 channels or a sound of vertical 3 channels.

[00346] The first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be provided to be horizontally symmetric with each other with respect to a center (or a partition member 610) between the first region Al and the second region A2 of the display panel 100, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and may be provided to be horizontally asymmetric with each other.

[00347] FIG. 34 illustrates a display apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 35 is an enlarged view of a region Bl illustrated in FIG. 34. FIGs. 34 and 35 illustrate an embodiment implemented by modifying the plurality-’ of vibration layers of the vibration generating apparatus described above with reference to FIGs. 28 to 30 and 33. In the following description, therefore, a modified element will be described m detail, the other elements are referred to by the same reference numerals as FIGs. 28 to 30 and 33, and repeated descriptions thereof may be omitted or will be briefly given.

[00348] Referring to FIGs. 34 and 35, a vibration generating apparatus 200 may include a first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 provided in a first region Al of a display panel 100 and a second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 provided in a second region A2 of the display panel 100.

[00349] Each of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may include a plurality of vibrator blocks configured with a plurality of vibration layers 210 and a plurality of electrode layers 230. Each of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may further include a cover member 260. Each of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may use a plate member 150 (or a conductive substrate) of the display panel 100 as a driving electrode.

[00350] In each of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2, except for a size (or an area), the plurality of vibrator blocks configured with the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230 may be substantially the same as the plurality of vibrator blocks described above with reference to FIG. 33, and thus, repeated descriptions thereof may be omitted or will be briefly given. The plurality of vibrator blocks may be provided in an N*M form (where N and M may be the same or different natural numbers of 2 or more) having a certain interval in the first direction X and the second direction Y. The descriptions of the plurality of vibration layers 210 included in the plurality of vibrator blocks described above with reference to FIG. 33 may be included in descriptions of the plurality of vibration layers 210 illustrated in FIGs. 34 and 35.

[00351] The plurality of vibration layers 210 included in the plurality of vibrator blocks may be provided to have a size (or an area) which enables the display panel 100 to be bent to have a certain curvature radius, or allows the display panel 100 not to be damaged or broken down when being bent. For example, each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 included in the plurality of vibrator blocks may be a micro vibration layer.

[00352] Each of the plurality of electrode layers 230 included in the plurality of vibrator blocks may be configured to have the same shape (in a plan view) as that of a corresponding vibration layer 210 of the plurality of vibration layers 210. An insulation layer 220 may be provided to cover the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) at a periphery of the plurality of vibrator blocks. Also, the cover member 260 may be provided to cover the insulation layer 220 and the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230 included in each of the plurality of vibrator blocks in common.

[00353] Hie signal cable 500 may include one or more first contact lines 511 electrically coupled to (or connected to) the plate member 150 and a plurality of second contact lines 513 electrically coupled to (or connected to) the plurality of electrode layers 230 and may be substantially the same as the signal cable 500 described above with reference to FIG. 33, and thus, repeated descriptions thereof may be omitted.

[00354] In each of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2, each of the plurality of vibrator blocks may identically vibrate or may independently (or individually) vibrate based on the same or different second vibration driving signals. For example, one or 59 more of second vibration driving signals applied to the plurality of vibrator blocks may differ. Therefore, each of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may-output a 2 or more-channel sound. For example, when all of the second vibration driving signals applied to the plurality of vibrator blocks differ, each of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may generate a sound of N*M channels.

[00355] The first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be provided to be horizontally symmetric with each other with respect to a center (or a partition member 610) between the first region Al and the second region A2 of the display panel 100, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and may be provided to be horizontally asymmetric with each other.

[00356] FIG. 36 illustrates a display apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 36 illustrates an embodiment implemented by modifying the plurality of vibration layers of the vibration generating apparatus described above with reference to FIGs. 28 to 30. In the following description, therefore, a modified element will be described in detail, the other elements are referred to by the same reference numerals as FIGs. 28 to 30, and repeated descriptions thereof may be omitted or will be briefly given.

[00357] Referring to FIG. 36, a vibration generating apparatus 200 may include a first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 provided in a first region Al of a display panel 100 and a second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 provided in a second region A2 of the display panel 100.

[00358] In the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1, a plurality of vibration layers 210 may be configured to have a size (or an area) which is less than that of the first region Al of the display panel 100 and is greater than half of the first region Al of the display panel 100. For example, in the first region Al of the display panel 100, the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 may be provided to have a square shape having a size (or an area) which is greater than half of the first region Al and is less than a total size of the first region Al. The first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 may include a first pattern 281 where some of a plurality of comer portions included in the square shape are removed and / or a second pattern 282 where a portion of an inner portion of the square shape is removed. Accordingly, a sound characteristic and / or a sound pressure level characteristic of a sound generated based on a vibration of the first region Al of the display panel 100 may be adjusted, and the flatness of a sound characteristic may be improved. For example, a plurality of vibration layers 210 of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 may be molded after being formed or coated in a square shape on a second surface of a plate member 150 (or a conductive substrate) corresponding to the first region Al of the display panel 100. A plurality of electrode layers 230 may be provided to have the same shape as that of the plurality of vibration layers 210. An insulation layer 220 may be provided to cover the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) at a periphery of each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230. Also, a cover member 260 may be configured to cover the insulation layer 220, the plurality of vibration layers 210, and the plurality of electrode layers 230.

[00359] In the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2, a plurality of vibration layers 210 may be configured to have a size (or an area) which is less than that of the second region A2 of the display panel 100 60 and is greater than half of the second region A2 of the display panel 100. For example, in the second region A2 of the display panel 100, the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be provided to have a square shape having a size (or an area) which is greater than half of the second region A2 and is less than a total size of the second region A2. The second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may include a first pattern 281 where some of a plurality of comer portions included in the square shape are removed and / or a second pattern 282 where a portion of an inner portion of the square shape is removed. Accordingly, a sound characteristic and / or a sound pressure level characteristic of a sound generated based on a vibration of the second region A2 of the display panel 100 may be adjusted, and the flatness of a sound characteristic may be improved. For example, a plurality of vibration layers 210 of the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be molded after being formed or coated in a square shape on a second surface of a plate member 150 (or a conductive substrate) corresponding to the second region A2 of the display panel 100. A plurality of electrode layers 230 may be provided to have the same shape as that of the plurality of vibration layers 210. An insulation layer 220 may be provided to cover the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) at a periphen-’ of each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230. Also, a cover member 260 may be configured to cover the insulation layer 220, the plurality of vibration layers 210, and the plurality of electrode layers 230.

[00360] The first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be provided to be horizontally symmetric with each other with respect to a center (or a partition member 610) between the first region Al and the second region A2 of the display panel 100, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and may be provided to be horizontally asymmetric with each other.

[00361] FIG. 37 illustrates a display apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 37 illustrates an embodiment implemented by modifying the plurality of vibration layers of the vibration generating apparatus described above with reference to FIGs. 28 to 30 and 32. In the following description, therefore, a modified element will be described in detail, the other elements are referred to by the same reference numerals as FIGs. 28 to 30 and 32, and repeated descriptions thereof may be omitted or will be briefly given.

[00362] Referring to FIG. 37, a vibration generating apparatus 200 may include a first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 provided in a first region Al of a display panel 100 and a second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 provided in a second region A2 of the display panel 100.

[00363] In the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1, a plurality of vibration layers 210 may be configured to have a circular shape having a size (or an area) which is less than or equal to half of the first region Al of the display panel 100, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto and the plurality of vibration layers 210 may be provided to have a circular shape having a size (or an area) which is greater than half of the first region Al and is less than a total size of the first region Al. The plurality of vibration layers 210 may include a third pattern 283 where a portion of an inner portion of the circular shape is removed. For example, the third pattern 283 may have a circular shape and a concentric circle and may be disposed between the plurality of vibration layers 210 having the circular shape. Therefore, the plurality of 61 vibration layers 210 may configure a vibration source (or a vibrator) having a circular shape, and thus, a vibration characteristic or a sound output characteristic may be enhanced, a sound characteristic and / or a sound pressure level characteristic of a sound of a middle-low pitched sound band generated based on a vibration of the first region Al of the display panel 100 may be enhanced, and the flatness of a sound characteristic may be improved. For example, a plurality of vibration layers 210 of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 may be molded after being formed or coated in a circular shape including the third pattern 283 on a second surface of a plate member 150 (or a conductive substrate) corresponding to the first region Al of the display panel 100. A plurality of electrode layers 230 may be provided to have the same shape as that of the plurality of vibration layers 210. An insulation layer 220 may be provided to cover the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) at a periphery of each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230. Also, a cover member 260 may be configured to cover the insulation layer 220, the plurality of vibration layers 210, and the plurality of electrode layers 230.

[00364] In the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2, a plurality of vibration layers 210 may be configured to have a circular shape having a size (or an area) which is less than or equal to half of the second region A2 of the display panel 100, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto and the plurality of vibration layers 210 may be provided to have a circular shape having a size (or an area) which is greater than half of the second region A2 and is less than a total size of the second region A2 and may include a third pattern 283 where a portion of an inner portion of the circular shape is removed. For example, the third pattern 283 may have a circular shape and a concentric circle and may be disposed between the plurality of vibration layers 210 having the circular shape. Therefore, the plurality of vibration layers 210 may configure a vibration source (or a vibrator) having a circular shape, and thus, a vibration characteristic or a sound output characteristic may be enhanced, a sound characteristic and / or a sound pressure level characteristic of a sound of a middle-low pitched sound band generated based on a vibration of the second region A2 of the display panel 100 may be enhanced, and the flatness of a sound characteristic may be improved. For example, a plurality of vibration layers 210 of the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be molded after being formed or coated in a circular shape including the third pattern 283 on a second surface of a plate member 150 (or a conductive substrate) corresponding to the second region A2 of the display panel 100. A plurality of electrode layers 230 may be provided to have the same shape as that of the plurality of vibration layers 210. An insulation layer 220 may be provided to cover the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) at a periphery of each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality7 of electrode layers 230. Also, a cover member 260 may be configured to cover the insulation layer 220, the plurality of vibration layers 210, and the plurality of electrode layers 230.

[00365] The first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be provided to be horizontally symmetric with each other with respect to a center (or a partition member 610) between the first region Al and the second region A2 of the display panel 100, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and may be provided to be horizontally asymmetric with each other.

[00366] FIG. 38 illustrates a display apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 39 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D' in FIG. 38. FIGs. 38 and 39 illustrate an embodiment implemented by modifying the plurality of vibration layers of the vibration generating apparatus described above with reference to FIGs. 28 to 30. In the following description, therefore, a modified element will be described in detail, the other elements are referred to by the same reference numerals as FIGs. 28 to 30, and repeated descriptions thereof may be omitted or will be briefly given.

[00367] Referring to FIG. 38, a vibration generating apparatus 200 may include a first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 provided in a first region Al of a display panel 100 and a second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 provided in a second region A2 of the display panel 100.

[00368] In the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1, the plurality of vibration layers 210 may be configured to have different sizes (or areas) or different shapes. For example, the plurality of vibration layers 210 may include a first vibration layer 210-1, a second vibration layer 210-2, a third vibration layer 210-3, a fourth vibration layer 210-4, and a fifth vibration layer 210-5. For example, the first vibration layer 210-1, the second vibration layer 210-2, the third vibration layer 210-3, the fourth vibration layer 210-4, and the fifth vibration layer 210-5 may be configured to have different sizes (or areas) or different shapes. For example, the first vibration layer 210-1 may be configured to have a size (or an area) which is less than that of the first region Al of tire display panel 100 and is greater than half of the first region Al of the display panel 100. Also, the second vibration layer 210-2 may be configured to have a size (or an area) which is less than that of the first vibration layer 210-1. Also, the third vibration layer 210-3 may be configured to have a size (or an area) which is less than that of the second vibration layer 210-2. Also, the fourth vibration layer 210-4 may be configured to have a size (or an area) which is less than that of the third vibration layer 210-3. Also, the fifth vibration layer 210-5 may be configured to have a size (or an area) which is less than that of the fourth vibration layer 210-4. For example, in tire first region Al of the display panel 100, the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 may be provided to have a pyramid shape having a size (or an area), which is greater than half of the first region Al and is less than a total size of the first region Al, and having a step height in a thickness direction Z. Therefore, a sound characteristic and / or a sound pressure level characteristic of a sound generated based on a vibration of the first region Al of the display panel 100 may be adjusted. For example, a plurality of vibration layers 210 of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 may be molded after being formed or coated in a pyramid shape, where a size (or an area) is sequentially reduced, on a second surface of a plate member 150 (or a conductive substrate) corresponding to the first region Al of the display panel 100. Each of a plurality of electrode layers 230 may be provided to have the same shape as a corresponding (or adjacent) plurality of vibration layers 210. An insulation layer 220 may be provided to cover the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) at a periphery of each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230. In the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1, the plurality of electrode layers 230 may include a first electrode layer 230-1, a second electrode layer 230-2, athird electrode layer 230-3, a fourth electrode layer 230-4, and a fifth electrode layer 230-5. For example, the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230 may be alternately stacked or formed. Also, a cover member 260 may be configured to cover the insulation layer 220, the plurality of vibration layers 210, and the plurality of electrode layers 230.

[00369] In the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2, the plurality of vibration layers 210 may be configured to have different sizes (or areas) or different shapes. For example, the plurality of vibration layers 210 may include a first vibration layer 210-1, a second vibration layer 210-2, a third vibration layer 210-3, a fourth vibration layer 210-4, and a fifth vibration layer 210-5. For example, the first vibration layer 210-1, the second vibration layer 210-2, the third vibration layer 210-3, the fourth vibration layer 210-4, and the fifth vibration layer 210-5 may be configured to have different sizes (or areas) or different shapes. For example, the first vibration layer 210-1 may be configured to have a size (or an area) which is less than that of the second region A2 of the display panel 100 and is greater than half of the second region A2 of the display panel 100. Also, the second vibration layer 210-2 may be configured to have a size (or an area) which is less than that of the first vibration layer 210-1. Also, the third vibration layer 210-3 may be configured to have a size (or an area) which is less than that of the second vibration layer 210-2. Also, the fourth vibration layer 210-4 may be configured to have a size (or an area) which is less than that of the third vibration layer 210-3. Also, tire fifth vibration layer 210-5 may be configured to have a size (or an area) which is less than that of the fourth vibration layer 210-4. For example, in the second region A2 of the display panel 100, the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be provided to have a pyramid shape having a size (or an area), which is greater than half of the second region A2 and is less than a total size of the second region A2, and having a step height in a thickness direction Z. Therefore, a sound characteristic and / or a sound pressure level characteristic of a sound generated based on a vibration of the second region A2 of the display panel 100 may be adjusted. For example, a plurality of vibration layers 210 of the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be molded after being formed or coated in a pyramid shape, where a size (or an area) is sequentially reduced, on a second surface of a plate member 150 (or a conductive substrate) corresponding to the second region A2 of the display panel 100. In the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2, the plurality of electrode layers 230 may include a first electrode layer 230-1, a second electrode layer 230-2, a third electrode layer 230-3, a fourth electrode layer 230-4, and a fifth electrode layer 230-5. For example, the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230 may be alternately stacked or formed. Each of a plurality of electrode layers 230 may be provided to have the same shape as a corresponding (or adjacent) plurality of vibration layers 210. An insulation layer 220 may be provided to cover the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) at a periphery of each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230. Also, a cover member 260 may be configured to cover the insulation layer 220, the plurality of vibration layers 210, and the plurality of electrode layers 230.

[00370] The first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be provided to be horizontally symmetric with each other with respect to a center (or a partition member 610) between the first region Al and the second region A2 of the display panel 100, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and may be provided to be horizontally asymmetric with each other.

[00371] FIG. 40 illustrates a display apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 41 is a cross-sectional view taken along line E-E' in FIG. 40. FIGs. 40 and 41 illustrate an embodiment implemented by modifying the plurality of vibration layers of the vibration generating apparatus described above with reference to FIGs. 28 to 30. In the following description, therefore, a modified element will be described in detail, the other elements are referred to by the same reference numerals as FIGs. 28 to 30, and repeated descriptions thereof may be omitted or will be briefly given.

[00372] Referring to FIG. 40, a vibration generating apparatus 200 may include a first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 provided in a first region Al of a display panel 100 and a second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 provided in a second region A2 of the display panel 100.

[00373] In the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1, the plurality of vibration layers 210 may be configured to have different sizes (or areas) or different shapes. For example, the plurality of vibration layers 210 may include a first vibration layer 210-1, a second vibration layer 210-2, a third vibration layer 210-3, a fourth vibration layer 210-4, and a fifth vibration layer 210-5. For example, the first vibration layer 210-1, the second vibration layer 210-2, the third vibration layer 210-3, the fourth vibration layer 210-4, and the fifth vibration layer 210-5 may be configured to have different sizes (or areas) or different shapes. For example, the first vibration layer 210-1 may be provided to have a square shape having a size (or an area) which is greater than half of the first region Al of the display panel 100 and is less than that of the first region Al of the display panel 100. The first vibration layer 210-1 may include a first pattern 281 where some of a plurality of comer portions included in the square shape are removed and / or a second pattern 282 where a portion of an inner portion of the square shape is removed. Also, the second vibration layer 210-2 may be configured to have a size (or an area) which is less than that of the first vibration layer 210-1. Also, the third vibration layer 210-3 may be configured to have a circular shape having a size (or an area) which is less than that of the second vibration layer 210-2. Also, the fourth vibration layer 210-4 may be configured to have a circular shape having a size (or an area) which is less than that of the third vibration layer 210-3. Also, the fifth vibration layer 210-5 may be configured to have a circular shape having a size (or an area) which is less than that of the fourth vibration layer 210-4. For example, in the first region A1 of the display panel 100, the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 may be provided to have a pyramid shape having a size (or an area), which is greater than half of the first region A1 and is less than a total size of the first region A1, and having a step height in a thickness direction Z. Therefore, a sound characteristic and / or a sound pressure level characteristic of a sound generated based on a vibration of the first region Al of the display panel 100 may be adjusted. For example, a plurality of vibration layers 210 of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 may be molded after being formed or coated in a different shape, where a size (or an area) is sequentially reduced, on a second surface of a plate member 150 (or a conductive substrate) corresponding to the first region Al of the display panel 100. Each of a plurality of electrode layers 230 may be provided to have the same shape as a corresponding (or adjacent) plurality of vibration layers 210. An insulation layer 220 may be provided to cover the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) at a periphery of each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230. Also, a cover member 260 may be configured to cover the insulation layer 220, the plurality of vibration layers 210, and the plurality of electrode layers 230.

[00374] In the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2, the plurality of vibration layers 210 may be configured to have different sizes (or areas) or different shapes. For example, the plurality of vibration layers 210 may include a first vibration layer 210-1, a second vibration layer 210-2, a third vibration layer 210-3, a fourth vibration layer 210-4, and a fifth vibration layer 210-5. For example, the first vibration layer 210-1, the second vibration layer 210-2, the third vibration layer 210-3, the fourth vibration layer 210-4, and the fifth vibration layer 210-5 may be configured to have different sizes (or areas) or different shapes. For example, the first vibration layer 210-1 may be provided to have a square shape having a size (or an area) which is greater than half of the second region A2 of the display panel 100 and is less than that of the second region A2 of the display panel 100. The first vibration layer 210-1 may include a first pattern 281 where some of a plurality of comer portions included in the square shape are removed and / or a second pattern 282 where a portion of an inner portion of the square shape is removed. Also, the second vibration layer 210-2 may be configured to have a size (or an area) which is less than that of the first vibration layer 210-1. Also, the third vibration layer 210-3 may be configured to have a circular shape having a size (or an area) which is less than that of the second vibration layer 210-2. Also, the fourth vibration layer 210-4 may be configured to have a circular shape having a size (or an area) which is less than that of the third vibration layer 210-3. Also, the fifth vibration layer 210-5 may be configured to have a circular shape having a size (or an area) which is less than that of the fourth vibration layer 210-4. For example, in the second region A2 of the display panel 100, the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be provided to have a pyramid shape having a size (or an area), which is greater than half of the second region A2 and is less than a total size of the second region A2, and having a step height in a thickness direction Z. Therefore, a sound characteristic and / or a sound pressure level characteristic of a sound generated based on a vibration of the second region A2 of the display panel 100 may be adjusted. For example, a plurality of vibration layers 210 of the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be molded after being formed or coated in a different shape, where a size (or an area) is sequentially reduced, on a second surface of a plate member 150 (or a conductive substrate) corresponding to the second region A2 of the display panel 100. Each of a plurality of electrode layers 230 may be provided to have the same shape as a corresponding (or adjacent) plurality of vibration layers 210. An insulation layer 220 may be provided to cover the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate) at a periphery of each of the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230. Also, a cover member 260 may be configured to cover the insulation layer 220, the plurality of vibration layers 210, and the plurality of electrode layers 230.

[00375] The first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be provided to be horizontally symmetric with each other with respect to a center (or a partition member 610) between the first region Al and the second region A2 of the display panel 100, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and may be provided to be horizontally asymmetric with each other.

[00376] FIG. 42 illustrates a rear surface of a display panel and a vibration generating apparatus, in a display apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 43 is a cross-sectional view taken along line F-F" in FIG. 42. FIGs. 42 and 43 illustrate an embodiment implemented bv modifying the 66 plate member described above with reference to FIGs. 28 and 29. In the following description, therefore, a modified element will be described in detail, the other elements are referred to by the same reference numerals as FIGs. 28 and 29, and repeated descriptions thereof may be omitted or will be briefly given.

[00377] Referring to FIGs. 42 and 43, a plate member 150 of a display panel 100 may include an internal plate 151 and a plurality of external plates 152. For example, the internal plate 151 may be a first plate, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the plurality of external plates 152 may be a second plate, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00378] The internal plate 151 may be substantially the same as the plate member 150 described above with reference to FIGs. 22 to 24, and thus, repeated descriptions thereof may be omitted or will be briefly given.

[00379] The internal plate 151 may be provided to cover a display part 130. The internal plate 151 may be attached on the display part 130 by an adhesive member. The adhesive member may be provided on a base member 110 to surround the display part 130. A first surface 151a of the internal plate 151 may be coupled to (or attached on) the adhesive member, or may be directly coupled to (or attached on) the adhesive member. The internal plate 151 may additionally or effectively dissipate heat which occurs in the display panel 100, and thus, may minimize a reduction in image quality caused by an afterimage which partially occurs due to heat occurring in the display panel 100. The internal plate 151 may protect the display part 130 or tire display panel 100 from an external impact and may prevent external water or moisture from penetrating into a light emitting device layer 134. The internal plate 151 may compensate for the stiffness of the display panel 100. For example, the internal plate 151 may be an internal conductive plate, an internal heat dissipation member, an internal heat dissipation plate, an internal heat dissipation substrate, an encapsulation substrate, an encapsulation plate, a stiff plate, a second substrate, a rear substrate, a rear member, a rear plate, an internal substrate, or an internal plate, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00380] The plurality of external plates 152 may be connected with or coupled to the internal plate 151. The plurality of external plates 152 may be spaced apart from or electrically disconnected from one another at a rear surface (or a second surface) 15 lb of the internal plate 151. The plurality of external plates 152 may be configured to additionally dissipate heat of the internal plate 151. For example, the plurality of external plates 152 may be provided to have a thickness which is relatively thinner than that of the internal plate 151.

[00381] According to embodiments, tire plurality of external plates 152 may include one or more materials of a Fe-Ni alloy, stainless steel, Al, Mg, a Mg alloy, a Mg-Li alloy, and an Al alloy, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the plurality of external plates 152 may include one or more materials, which differ from the material of the internal plate 151, of a Fe-Ni alloy, stainless steel, Al, Mg, a Mg alloy, a Mg-Li alloy, and an Al alloy, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the plurality of external plates 152 may include Al or an Al alloy, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00382] Tire plate member 150 or the plurality of external plates 152 according to embodiments may include a first external plate 152a and a second external plate 152b. 67

[00383] The first external plate 152a may be connected with or coupled to a first region of the internal plate 151 corresponding to a first region Al of the display panel 100. The second external plate 152b may be connected with or coupled to a second region of the internal plate 151 corresponding to a second region A2 of the display panel 100.

[00384] Each of the first external plate 152a and tire second external plate 152b may be coupled to (or connected to) a rear surface (or a second surface) 151b of the internal plate 151 by a coupling member 153.

[00385] The coupling member 153 may be disposed between the internal plate 151 and each of the first external plate 152a and the second external plate 152b.

[00386] The coupling member 153 according to embodiments may include an adhesive material which is good in adhesive force or attaching force between the internal plate 151 and each of the first external plate 152a and the second external plate 152b. For example, the coupling member 153 may include an acryl-based adhesive material or urethane-based adhesive material, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the coupling member 153 may include an acryl-based adhesive material, having a characteristic where an adhesive force is relatively good and hardness is high, compared to urethane-based adhesive material so that a vibration of the vibration generating apparatus 200 is well transferred to the internal plate 151. For example, the coupling member 153 may include an acryl-based adhesive resin curing layer or a double-sided foam adhesive pad including an acryl-based adhesive layer. The adhesive layer of the coupling member 153 may further include additives such as a tackifier, a wax component, or an anti-oxidation agent, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00387] The coupling member 153 may include a PSA, an OCA, or an OCR, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. For example, the coupling member 153 may further include a vibration transfer medium. For example, the vibration transfer medium may reduce the loss of a vibration transferred to the internal plate 151. For example, the vibration transfer medium may include a piezoelectric material which is included in or added to the coupling member 153, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00388] The coupling member 153 may further include a hollow portion provided between the internal plate 151 and each of the first external plate 152a and the second external plate 152b. The hollow portion of the coupling member 153 may provide a gap between tire internal plate 151 and each of the first external plate 152a and the second external plate 152b. The air gap may allow a sound wave (or a sound pressure level) based on a vibration of the vibration generating apparatus 200 to concentrate on the internal plate 151 without being dispersed by the coupling member 153, and thus, may minimize the loss of a vibration by the coupling member 153.

[00389] The first external plate 152a and the second external plate 152b may be spaced apart from each other in a center region between the first region Al and the second region A2 of the display panel 100. A separation distance DI between the first external plate 152a and the second external plate 152b may be 3 cm or more. For example, the separation distance DI between the first external plate 152a and the second external plate 152b may be 3 cm or more so that each of the first external plate 152a and the second external plate 152b vibrates individually (or independently). For example, when the separation distance DI between 68 the first external plate 152a and the second external plate 152b is less than 3 cm, a sound characteristic and / or a sound pressure level characteristic may be reduced due to interference between a vibration of the first external plate 152a and a vibration of the second external plate 152b, which occurs due to a vibration of the vibration generating apparatus 200.

[00390] The vibration generating apparatus 200 may be configured to vibrate each of the plurality- of external plates 152a and 152b. For example, the vibration generating apparatus 200 may be configured to use each of the plurality of external plates 152a and 152b as an electrode. For example, the vibration generating apparatus 200 may be configured to individually (or independently) vibrate each of the first and second external plates 152a and 152b. For example, the vibration generating apparatus 200 may be configured to use each of the first and second external plates 152a and 152b as an electrode. For example, the vibration generating apparatus 200 may include a first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 provided at a rear surface of the first external plate 152a and a second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 provided at a rear surface of the second external plate 152b.

[00391] Except for that the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 are respectively provided at the rear surface of the first external plate 152a and the rear surface of the second external plate 152b, the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be substantially the same as the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 described above with reference to FIG. 28, and thus repeated descriptions thereof may be omitted or will be briefly given.

[00392] The first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 may include a plurality of vibration layers 210 and a plurality of electrode layers 230. The plurality of vibration layers 210 of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 may be molded after being formed or coated on the rear surface of the first external plate 152a. The plurality of electrode layers 230 of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 may be configured to have the same shape as tire plurality of vibration layers 210. The first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 may further include a cover member 260 provided to cover the plurality of vibration layers 210 and die plurality of electrode layers 230. In embodiments, the plurality of vibration layers 210 of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 may vibrate based on a first vibration driving signal applied to the first external plate 152a or a first contact pattern 270a through a signal cable 500 and a second vibration driving signal applied to a second contact pattern 270b through the signal cable 500, and thus, may vibrate the first external plate 152a and the first region Al of the display panel 100 to output a first sound. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of vibration layers 210 of the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 may vibrate based on the second vibration driving signal applied to the first external plate 152a or the first contact pattern 270a through the signal cable 500 and the first vibration driving signal applied to the second contact pattern 270b through the signal cable 500, and thus, may vibrate the first external plate 152a and the first region Al of the display panel 100 to output the first sound.

[00393] The second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may include a plurality of vibration layers 210 and a plurality of electrode layers 230. The plurality of vibration layers 210 of the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be molded after being formed or coated on the rear surface of the second 69 external plate 152b. The plurality of electrode layers 230 of the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be configured to have the same shape as the plurality of vibration layers 210. The second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may further include a cover member 260 provided to cover the plurality of vibration layers 210 and the plurality of electrode layers 230. In embodiments, the plurality of vibration layers 210 of the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may vibrate based on a first vibration driving signal applied to the second external plate 152b or a first contact pattern 270a through a signal cable 500 and a second vibration driving signal applied to a second contact pattern 270b through the signal cable 500, and thus, may vibrate the second external plate 152b and the second region A2 of the display panel 100 to output a second sound. In another embodiment of the present disclosure, the plurality of vibration layers 210 of the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may vibrate based on the second vibration driving signal applied to the second external plate 152b or the first contact pattern 270a through the signal cable 500 and the first vibration driving signal applied to the second contact pattern 270b through the signal cable 500, and thus, may vibrate the second external plate 152b and the second region A2 of the display panel 100 to output the second sound.

[00394] The first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be provided to be horizontally symmetric with each other with respect to a center between the first region Al and the second region A2 of the display panel 100, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and may be provided to be horizontally asymmetric with each other.

[00395] FIG. 44 illustrates a rear surface of a display panel and a vibration generating apparatus, in a display apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 45 is a cross-sectional view taken along line G-G’ in FIG. 44. FIGs. 44 and 45 illustrate an embodiment where a partition is added to the display apparatus described above with reference to FIGs. 28 and 29. In the following description, therefore, a partition and relevant elements will be described in detail, the other elements are referred to by the same reference numerals as FIGs. 28 and 29, and repeated descriptions thereof may be omitted or will be briefly given.

[00396] Referring to FIGs. 44 and 45, the display apparatus may further include a partition 600 which divides a first region Al and a second region A2 of the display panel 100.

[00397] The display panel 100 may include regions Al and A2 which are divided to respectively correspond to a plurality of external plates 152. For example, the display panel 100 may include the regions Al and A2 which are divided along a region between the plurality of external plates 152. For example, the display panel 100 may include a first region Al overlapping a first external plate 152a of a plate member 150 and a second region A2 overlapping a second external plate I52a of the plate member 150.

[00398] Hie partition 600 may be an air gap or a space where a sound is generated when the display panel 100 is vibrated by the first and second vibration generating apparatuses 200-1 and 200-2. For example, the partition 600 may separate a sound or may separate a channel, and moreover, may prevent or decrease a reduction in characteristic of a sound caused by interference of the sound. The partition 600 may be disposed between the display panel 100 and a supporting member 300. For example, the partition 600 may be disposed between a rear surface of the display panel 100 and a front surface of the supporting member 300. To decrease an adverse effect of the partition 600 on the image quality of the display panel 100, the partition 600 may be 70 disposed in the supporting member 300. The partition 600 may be referred to as a sound blocking member, a sound separation member, a space separation member, an enclosure, or a baffle, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to these terms.

[00399] The partition 600 according to embodiments may include a partition member (or a first partition member) 610 disposed between the first and second vibration generating apparatuses 200-1 and 200-2.

[00400] The partition member 610 may be disposed between the first region Al and the second region A2 of the display panel 100. The partition member 610 may be disposed between a supporting member 300 and an internal plate 151 of the plate member 150 between the first region Al and the second region A2 of the display panel 100. For example, the partition member 610 may be disposed between the supporting member 300 and a second surface 151b of the internal plate 151 corresponding to a center region between the first region Al and the second region A2 of the display panel 100. The partition member 610 may separate a first sound generated by the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and a second sound generated by tire second vibration generating apparatus 200-2. For example, the partition member 610 may prevent a vibration, generated in the first region Al of the display panel 100 by the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1, from being transferred to the second region A2 of the display panel 100, or may prevent a vibration, generated in the second region A2 of the display panel 100 by the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2, from being transferred to the first region Al of the display panel 100. Therefore, the partition member 610 may attenuate or absorb a vibration of the display panel 100 at a center of the display panel 100, and thus, may prevent a sound of the first region Al from being transferred to the second region A2 or may prevent a sound of the second region A2 from being transferred to the first region Al. Accordingly, the partition member 610 may separate a left sound and a right sound to further enhance a sound output characteristic of the display apparatus, and thus, the display apparatus according to embodiments may output a 2-channel sound and / or a stereo sound, including a 2-channel, in a forward direction of the display panel 100 based on the separation of the left and right sounds by the partition member 610.

[00401] The partition 600 according to embodiments may include a second partition member 620 surrounding the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and a third partition member 630 surrounding the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2.

[00402] The second partition member 620 may be disposed between the first region Al of the display panel 100 and the supporting member 300 to surround the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1. The second partition member 620 may be disposed between the supporting member 300 and the first external plate 152a of the plate member 150 corresponding to the first region Al of the display panel 100 and so as to be spaced apart from the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 by a certain distance. The second partition member 620 may provide a first air gap AG1 surrounding the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 between the first external plate 152a and the supporting member 300. For example, the second partition member 620 may define or limit a vibration region (or a vibration area) of the first region Al of the display panel 100 by the first vibration generating apparatus 200-1.

[00403] The third partition member 630 may be disposed between the second region A2 of the display panel 100 and the supporting member 300 to surround the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2. The third partition member 630 may be disposed between the supporting member 300 and the second external plate 152b of the plate member 150 corresponding to the second region A2 of the display panel 100 and so as to be spaced apart from the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 by a certain distance. The third partition member 630 may provide a second air gap AG2 surrounding the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 between the second external plate 152b and the supporting member 300. For example, the third partition member 630 may define or limit a vibration region (or a vibration area) of the second region A2 of the display panel 100 by the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2.

[00404] The first air gap AG1 and a second air gap AG2 may be a sound separation space, a sound blocking space, or a sound interference prevention space, but embodiments of tire present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00405] Except for that each of the second and third partition members 620 and 630 is disposed between the supporting member 300 and the external plate 152 of the plate member 150, the second and third partition members 620 and 630 may be substantially the same as the second and third partition members 620 and 630 described above with reference to FIGs. 28 and 29, and thus, repeated descriptions thereof may be omitted.

[00406] The first vibration generating apparatus 200-1 and the second vibration generating apparatus 200-2 may be provided to be horizontally symmetric with each other with respect to a center between the first region Al and the second region A2 of the display panel 100, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and may be provided to be horizontally asymmetric with each other.

[00407] The vibration generating apparatus 200 described above with reference to FIGs. 30 to 41 may be identically applied to the vibration generating apparatus 200 described above with reference to FIGs. 44 and 45. For example, the vibration generating apparatus 200 described above with reference to FIGs. 44 and 45 may be configured to be equal to the vibration generating apparatus 200 described above with reference to FIGs. 30 to 41, and thus, repeated descriptions thereof may be omitted.

[00408] The display apparatus described above with reference to FIGs. 41 and 42 may output a sound in a forward direction FD of tire display panel 100 and may be slimmed or reduced in thickness, and moreover, may more effectively dissipate heat which occurs in the display panel 100, thereby minimizing a reduction in image quality caused by an afterimage which partially occurs due to heat occurring in the display panel 100. Also, the display apparatus according to another embodiment of the present disclosure may output a 2-channel sound and / or a stereo sound, including a 2-channel, in a forward direction of the display panel 100 based on the separation of left and right sounds by one or more of the partition member 610 and the second and third partition members 620 and 630.

[00409] FIG. 46 illustrates a plate member according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 47 illustrates a vibration generating apparatus to which the plate member of FIG. 46 is applied.

[00410] Referring to FIGs. 46 and 47, a plate member 150 (or a conductive substrate 15) of a display panel 100 may further include a concave-convex pattern part 155. FIG. 47 is another cross-sectional view 72 taken along line I-T in FIG. 1, wherein the vibration generating apparatus employs the plate member according to FIG. 46.

[00411] The concave-convex pattern part 155 may be formed on at least a portion of a second surface of the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate 15). The concave-convex pattern part 155 may have surface illumination (or surface roughness) which differs from that of another portion of the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate 15). For example, the concave-convex pattern part 155 may include a protrusion portion (or convex portion) 155a protruding a surface of the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate 15) and a recessed portion (or concave portion) 155b which is more recessed than the protrusion portion 155a.

[00412] The concave-convex pattern part 155 may be provided to overlap a plurality of vibration layers 210 and a plurality of electrode layers 230. The concave-convex pattern part 155 may increase a specific surface area by the protrusion portion 155a protruding from the surface and the recessed portion 155b recessed from the surface. Accordingly, a coupling force (or an adhesive force) between the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate 15) and a corresponding (or adjacent) first vibration layer 210-1 may be increased by the concave-convex pattern part 155. For example, a coupling force (or an adhesive force) between a first surface of the first vibration layer 210-1 and a second surface 15 0a of the plate member 15 0 (or the conductive substrate 15) may be increased by the concave-convex pattern part 155. Therefore, the concave-convex pattern part 155 may increase a coupling force between the first vibration layer 210-1 and the plate member 150 (or the conductive substrate 15), thereby further enhancing a sound output characteristic of the display apparatus.

[00413] A vibration apparatus and a display apparatus including the same according to various embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below.

[00414] A vibration apparatus according to various embodiments of the present disclosure may include a conductive substrate, at least one vibration layer at one surface of the conductive substrate, and at least one electrode layer which corresponds to one of or at one surface of the at least one vibration layer. The at least one vibration layer and tire at least one electrode layer may be alternately arranged in a stack on the surface of the conductive substrate.

[00415] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the at least one vibration layer may be configured to vibrate in response to signals applied to the conductive substrate and the at least one electrode layer.

[00416] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the conductive substrate may be connected to a first signal line. An electrode layer among the one or more electrode layers adjacent to the conductive substrate may be connected to a second signal line different from the first signal line.

[00417] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the at least one vibration layer may be a plurality of the vibration layers, and the at least one electrode layer may be a plurality of electrode layer. Or, the at least one electrode layer may be provided to be equal to the number of the at least one vibration layer.

[00418] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a first electrode layer of the plurality of electrode layers may be connected to a first signal line and a second electrode layer of the plurality of electrode layers may be connected to a second signal line. The first electrode layer may be adjacent to the second electrode layer and the second signal line may be different from the first signal line.

[00419] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the first signal line and second signal line may be connected to a driver arranged to apply a first voltage signal to the first signal line and a second voltage signal to the second signal line, the second voltage may be different from the first voltage. Or, a difference between the first voltage signal and the second voltage signal may alternate between a positive and a negative voltage, and / or a magnitude of a difference between the first voltage signal and the second voltage signal may vary with time.

[00420] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the conductive substrate may be configured to be supplied with a different voltage to an electrode layer adjacent to the conductive substrate among the one or more electrode layers such that a potential difference is applied across a vibration layer of tire one or more vibration layers sandwiched between the conductive substrate and the electrode layer adjacent to the conductive substrate.

[00421] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the conductive substrate may be configured to be supplied with a signal having a polarity different from a polarity of a signal supplied to an electrode layer adjacent to the conductive substrate among the one or more electrode layers.

[00422] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, two adjacent electrode layers of the plurality of electrode layers may be configured to be supplied with a different voltage to each other such that a potential difference is applied across a vibration layer of the one or more vibration layers sandwiched between the two adjacent electrode layers.

[00423] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, two adjacent electrode layers of the plurality of electrode layers may be configured to be supplied with signals having different polarities.

[00424] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the vibration apparatus may further include a protection layer disposed at the one surface of the conductive substrate and covering the plurality of vibration layers and the plurality of electrode layers.

[00425] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the vibration apparatus may further include one or more signal lines electrically coupled to (or connected to) the conductive substrate and the at least one electrode layer.

[00426] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the vibration apparatus may further include a protection layer covering a portion of the one or more signal lines, the at least one vibration layer, and the at least one electrode layer.

[00427] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, two adjacent electrode layers of the plurality of electrode layers may be electrically insulated from each other by a corresponding vibration layer of the plurality of vibration layers disposed between the two adjacent electrode layers.

[00428] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the vibration apparatus may further include an insulation layer at the one surface of the conductive substrate, the insulation layer including an opening region exposing a portion of the one surface of the conductive substrate, the plurality of vibration layers may overlap the opening region of the insulation layer. 74

[00429] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the insulation layer may surround a vibration layer adjacent to the conductive substrate among the plurality of vibration layers. The conductive substrate and an electrode layer adjacent to the conductive substrate among the plurality of electrode layers may be electrically insulated from each other by the vibration layer adjacent to the conductive substrate and the insulation layer.

[00430] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, each electrode layer may have a size different from a size of at least one adjacent vibration layer of the plurality of vibration layers, or may have a size less than or equal to a size of the at least one adjacent vibration layer.

[00431] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, each electrode layer may have a size less than a size of a corresponding vibration layer of the plurality- of vibration layers and may be disposed centrally on the corresponding vibration layer.

[00432] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, each of the plurality of electrode layers may further include a contact pattern extending to the corresponding vibration layer and being exposed at an outside of the stack.

[00433] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the contact pattern of each electrode layer may not overlap a contact pattern of an adjacent electrode layer among the electrode layers.

[00434] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the vibration apparatus may further include at least one signal line electrically coupled to (or connected to) the conductive substrate and at least one contact pattern of the plurality of electrode layers.

[00435] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the conductive substrate and an uppermost electrode layer of the plurality of electrode layers may be supplied with signals having different polarities.

[00436] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, at least one vibration layer between the conductive substrate and the uppermost electrode layer may further include at least one first through hole. At least one electrode layer between the conductive substrate and the uppermost electrode layer may further include at least one second through hole overlapping the at least one first through hole.

[00437] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a size of the at least one first through hole may be less than a size of the at least one second through hole.

[00438] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, one of the electrode layers maybe electrically connected with the conductive substrate or the uppermost electrode layer by the at least one first through hole and the at least one second through hole. First and second through holes corresponding to the conductive substrate may not overlap first and second through holes corresponding to the uppermost electrode layer.

[00439] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the one of the electrode layers may be supplied with a signal having a same polarity as the conductive substrate or the uppermost electrode layer.

[00440] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the vibration apparatus may further include at least one signal line electrically coupled to (or connected to) the conductive substrate and the uppermost electrode layer.

[00441] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, arranged so that the plurality of vibration layers may be unimorph-driven or bimorph-driven.

[00442] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, at least a portion of the one surface of the conductive substrate may further include a patterned surface including a plurality of convex and / or concave features.

[00443] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the patterned surface may overlap the plurality of vibration layers.

[00444] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, each of the vibration layers may include a three or more-angled polygonal shape, a non-tetragonal shape, a circular shape, or an oval shape

[00445] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, each of the vibration layers may include a piezoelectric material.

[00446] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the conductive substrate may include one or more of an alloy of iron and nickel, stainless steel, aluminum, magnesium, a magnesium alloy, and an aluminum alloy.

[00447] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the magnesium alloy may be an alloy of magnesium and lithium.

[00448] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the at least one vibration layer may comprise a first piezoelectric material layer, a second piezoelectric material layer, and a third piezoelectric material layer. The at least one electrode layer may comprise a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a third electrode layer. Tire conductive substrate and the second electrode layer may be configured to be connected to a first voltage supply line. The first electrode layer and the third electrode layer may be configured to be connected to a second voltage supply line different from the first voltage supply line such that the first, second and third piezoelectric material layers vibrate in a thickness direction of the conductive substrate in response to supplication of first and second voltage signal, respectively, to the first and second voltage supply lines.

[00449] A display apparatus according to various embodiments of the present disclosure may include a display panel, and one or more vibration apparatuses configured to vibrate the display panel. Each of the one or more vibration apparatuses may include a conductive substrate, at least one vibration layer at one surface of the conductive substrate, and at least one electrode layer each of which corresponds to one of the vibration layers. The at least one vibration layer and the at least one electrode layer may be alternately arranged in a stack on the surface of the conductive substrate.

[00450] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the display panel may include a display part between a base member and a plate member. The plate member may be provided as the conductive substrate of the vibration apparatus.

[00451] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the display part may include a plurality of pixels arranged to output light, emitted from a light emitting device layer, toward the base member.

[00452] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the display panel may include a first region and a second region. The one or more vibration apparatuses may include a first vibration generating apparatus in the first region, and a second vibration apparatus in the second region.

[00453] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the display apparatus may further include a partition dividing the first region and the second region of the display panel.

[00454] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the display apparatus may further include a supporting member at one surface of the plate member, the partition may include one or more of first to third partition members. The first partition member may be disposed between the plate member and the supporting member, in a region between the first region and the second region. The second partition member may be disposed between the plate member and the supporting member to surround the first vibration apparatus. The third partition member may be disposed between the plate member and the supporting member to surround the second vibration apparatus.

[00455] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the plate member may include an internal plate coupled to (or connected to) the display part, a first external plate coupled to (or connected to) a first region of the internal plate corresponding to the first region of the display panel, and a second external plate coupled to (or connected to) a second region of the internal plate corresponding to the second region of the display panel, the second external plate being spaced apart from the first external plate.

[00456] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, each of the first external plate and the second external plate may be provided as the conductive substrate of the vibration apparatus. The first vibration apparatus may be configured to vibrate in response to a signal applied through a first signal line electrically coupled to (or connected to) the first external plate and the at least one electrode layer. The second vibration apparatus may be configured to vibrate m response to a signal applied through a second signal line electrically coupled to (or connected to) tire second external plate and the at least one electrode layer.

[00457] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the display apparatus may further include a partition dividing the first region and the second region of the display panel.

[00458] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the display apparatus may further include a supporting member at one surface of the plate member. The partition may include one or more of first to third partition members. The first partition member may be disposed between the plate member and the supporting member, in a region between the first region and the second region. The second partition member may be disposed between the first external plate and the supporting member to surround the first vibration apparatus. The third partition member may be disposed between the second external plate and the supporting member to surround the second vibration apparatus.

[00459] An apparatus according to embodiments may be applied to or included in a vibration apparatus provided in the apparatus. The apparatus according to embodiments may be applied to or included in mobile apparatuses, video phones, smart watches, watch phones, wearable apparatuses, foldable apparatuses, rollable apparatuses, bendable apparatuses, flexible apparatuses, curved apparatuses, sliding apparatus, variable 77 apparatus, electronic organizers, electronic book, portable multimedia players (PMPs), personal digital assistants (PDAs), MP3 players, mobile medical apparatuses, desktop personal computers (PCs), laptop PCs, netbook computers, workstations, navigation apparatuses, automotive navigation apparatuses, automotive display apparatuses, automotive apparatuses, theatrical apparatuses, theatrical display apparatuses, televisions (TVs), wall paper display apparatuses, signage apparatuses, game machines, notebook computers, monitors, cameras, camcorders, home appliances, etc. Also, the vibration apparatus according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to or included in organic light emitting lighting apparatuses or inorganic light emitting lighting apparatuses. In a case where the vibration apparatus is applied to or included in a lighting apparatus, the vibration apparatus may act as lighting and a speaker. Also, in a case where the vibration apparatus according to embodiment of the present disclosure is applied to or included in a mobile apparatus, the vibration apparatus may be one or more of a speaker, a receiver, or a haptic, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

[00460] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present disclosure without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure covers the modifications and variations of this disclosure provided that within the scope of the claims and their equivalents. 21 03 25

Claims

1. A vibration apparatus, comprising:a conductive substrate;a plurality of vibration layers at one surface of the conductive substrate;a plurality of electrode layers alternately arranged with the plurality of vibration layers in a stack on the surface of the conductive substrate; anda protection layer disposed at the one surface of the conductive substrate and covering the plurality of vibration layers and the plurality of electrode layers; anda contact pattern included in each of the plurality of electrode layers, extending to a corresponding vibration layer, and being exposed at an outside of the stack,wherein each electrode layer has a size less than a size of the corresponding vibration layer of the plurality of vibration layers, andwherein the contact pattern of each electrode layer does not overlap a contact pattern of an adjacent electrode layer among the electrode layers.

2. The vibration apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of vibration layers are configured to vibrate in response to signals applied to the conductive substrate and the plurality of electrode layers.

3. The vibration apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the conductive substrate is connected to a first signal line, andwherein an electrode layer among the plurality of electrode layers adjacent to the conductive substrate is connected to a second signal line different from the first signal line.

4. The vibration apparatus of any of claims 1-3,wherein the plurality of electrode layers are provided to be equal to the number of the plurality of vibration layers.

5. The vibration apparatus of claim 4, wherein a first electrode layer of the plurality of electrode layers is connected to a first signal line and a second electrode layer of the plurality of electrode layers is connected to a second signal line, and wherein the first electrode layer is adjacent to the second electrode layer and the second signal line is different from the first signal line.

6. The vibration apparatus of claim 3 or 5, wherein the first signal line and second signal line are connected to a driver arranged to apply a first voltage signal to the first signal line and a second voltage signal to the second signal line, wherein the second voltage is different from the first voltage, optionally wherein a difference between the first voltage signal and the second voltage signal alternates between a positive voltage and a negative voltage, and / orwherein a magnitude of a difference between the first voltage signal and the second voltage21 03 25signal varies with time.

7. The vibration apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the conductive substrate is configured to be supplied with a different voltage to an electrode layer adjacent to the conductive substrate among the plurality of electrode layers such that a potential difference is applied across a vibration layer of the plurality of vibration layers sandwiched between the conductive substrate and the electrode layer adjacent to the conductive substrate.

8. The vibration apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the conductive substrate is configured to be supplied with a signal having a polarity different from a polarity of a signal supplied to an electrode layer adjacent to the conductive substrate among the plurality of electrode layers.

9. The vibration apparatus of claim 4 or 5, wherein two adjacent electrode layers of the plurality of electrode layers are configured to be supplied with a different voltage to each other such that a potential difference is applied across a vibration layer of the plurality of vibration layers sandwiched between the two adjacent electrode layers.

10. The vibration apparatus of claim 4 or 5, wherein two adjacent electrode layers of the plurality of electrode layers are configured to be supplied with signals having different polarities.

11. The vibration apparatus of claim any preceding claim, further comprising one or more signal lines electrically coupled to the conductive substrate and the plurality of electrode layers.

12. The vibration apparatus of claim 11, wherein the protection layer covers a portion of the one or more signal lines, the plurality of vibration layers, and the plurality of electrode layers.

13. The vibration apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein two adjacent electrode layers of the plurality of electrode layers are electrically insulated from each other by a corresponding vibration layer of the plurality of vibration layers disposed between the two adjacent electrode layers.

14. The vibration apparatus of any preceding claim, further comprising an insulation layer at the one surface of the conductive substrate, the insulation layer including an opening region exposing a portion of the one surface of the conductive substrate,wherein the plurality of vibration layers overlap the opening region of the insulation layer.

15. The vibration apparatus of claim 14, wherein the insulation layer surrounds a vibration layer adjacent to the conductive substrate among the plurality of vibration layers, and21 03 25wherein the conductive substrate and an electrode layer adjacent to the conductive substrate among the plurality of electrode layers are electrically insulated from each other by the vibration layer adjacent to the conductive substrate and the insulation layer.

16. The vibration apparatus of claim 1, wherein each electrode layer is disposed centrally on the corresponding vibration layer.

17. The vibration apparatus of claim 1, further comprising at least one signal line electrically coupled to the conductive substrate and at least one contact pattern of the plurality of electrode layers.

18. The vibration apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the conductive substrate and an uppermost electrode layer of the plurality of electrode layers are supplied with signals having different polarities.

19. The vibration apparatus of claim 18, wherein at least one vibration layer between the conductive substrate and the uppermost electrode layer further comprises at least one first through hole, andwherein at least one electrode layer between the conductive substrate and the uppermost electrode layer further comprises at least one second through hole overlapping the at least one first through hole.

20. The vibration apparatus of claim 19, wherein a size of the at least one first through hole is less than a size of the at least one second through hole.

21. The vibration apparatus of claim 19 or 20, wherein one of the electrode layers is electrically connected with the conductive substrate or the uppermost electrode layer via the at least one first through hole and the at least one second through hole, andwherein first and second through holes corresponding to the conductive substrate do not overlap first and second through holes corresponding to the uppermost electrode layer.

22. The vibration apparatus of claim 21, wherein the one of the electrode layers is supplied with a signal having a same polarity as the conductive substrate or the uppermost electrode layer.

23. The vibration apparatus of claim 18, further comprising at least one signal line electrically coupled to the conductive substrate and the uppermost electrode layer.

24. The vibration apparatus of any preceding claim, arranged so that the plurality of vibration21 03 25layers are unimorph-driven or bimorph-driven.

25. The vibration apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein at least a portion of the one surface of the conductive substrate further comprises a patterned surface including a plurality of convex and / or concave features.

26. The vibration apparatus of claim 25, wherein the patterned surface overlaps the plurality of vibration layers.

27. The vibration apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein each of the vibration layers comprises a three or more-angled polygonal shape, a non-tetragonal shape, a circular shape, or an oval shape.

28. The vibration apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein each of the vibration layers comprises a piezoelectric material.

29. The vibration apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the conductive substrate comprises one or more of an alloy of iron and nickel, stainless steel, aluminum, magnesium, a magnesium alloy, and an aluminum alloy.

30. The vibration apparatus of claim 29, wherein the magnesium alloy is an alloy of magnesium and lithium.

31. The vibration apparatus according to any preceding claim:wherein the plurality of vibration layers comprise a first piezoelectric material layer, a second piezoelectric material layer and a third piezoelectric material layer,wherein the plurality of electrode layers comprise a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer and a third electrode layer,wherein the conductive substrate and the second electrode layer are configured to be connected to a first voltage supply line, andwherein the first electrode layer and the third electrode layer are configured to be connected to a second voltage supply line different from the first voltage supply line such that the first, second and third piezoelectric material layers vibrate in a thickness direction of the conductive substrate in response to application of first and second voltage signal, respectively, to the first and second voltage supply lines.

32. A display apparatus, comprising:a display panel; andone or more vibration apparatuses according to any preceding claim, wherein the one or more21 03 25vibration apparatuses are configured to vibrate the display panel33. The display apparatus of claim 32, wherein the display panel comprises a display part between a base member and a plate member, andwherein the plate member is provided as the conductive substrate of the vibration apparatus.

34. The display apparatus of claim 33, wherein the display part comprises a plurality of pixels arranged to output light, emitted from a light emitting device layer, toward the base member.

35. The display apparatus of claim 33 or 34, wherein the display panel comprises a first region and a second region, andwherein the one or more vibration apparatuses comprise:a first vibration apparatus according to any of claims 1-30 in the first region; anda second vibration apparatus according to any of claims 1-30 in the second region.

36. The display apparatus of claim 35, further comprising a partition dividing the first region and the second region of the display panel.

37. The display apparatus of claim 36, further comprising a supporting member at one surface of the plate member,wherein the partition comprises one or more of first to third partition members,wherein the first partition member is disposed between the plate member and the supporting member, in a region between the first region and the second region,wherein the second partition member is disposed between the plate member and the supporting member to surround the first vibration apparatus, andwherein the third partition member is disposed between the plate member and the supporting member to surround the second vibration apparatus.

38. The display apparatus of claim 35, wherein the plate member comprises:an internal plate coupled to the display part;a first external plate coupled to a first region of the internal plate corresponding to the first region of the display panel; anda second external plate coupled to a second region of the internal plate corresponding to the second region of the display panel, the second external plate being spaced apart from the first external plate.

39. The display apparatus of claim 38, wherein:each of the first external plate and the second external plate is provided as the conductive substrate of the vibration apparatus;21 03 25the first vibration apparatus is configured to vibrate in response to a signal applied through a first signal line electrically coupled to the first external plate and the at least one electrode layer; andthe second vibration apparatus is configured to vibrate in response to a signal applied through a second signal line electrically coupled to the second external plate and the at least one electrode layer.

40. The display apparatus of claim 39, further comprising a partition dividing the first region and the second region of the display panel.

41. The display apparatus of claim 40, further comprising a supporting member at one surface of the plate member,wherein the partition comprises one or more of first to third partition members,wherein the first partition member is disposed between the plate member and the supporting member, in a region between the first region and the second region,wherein the second partition member is disposed between the first external plate and the supporting member to surround the first vibration apparatus, andwherein the third partition member is disposed between the second external plate and thesupporting member to surround the second vibration apparatus.

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