Adjustable Hole-spacing Precision Sowing Machine for Crop

Abstract

A spacing-adjustable crop precision seeder, comprising a mounting frame (1), wherein a vertically-downward fixing and mounting shaft (2) is connected to the top of the mounting frame, and a hill-drop

Description

Technical Field The present invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and in particular to, an adjustable hole-spacing precision sowing machine for crops. Background Art China is a major agricultural country. Intensive cultivation is of great significance for the development of the agriculture in China. Soybeans are taken as an example. Precision sowing of the soybeans is an important technical measure to achieve uniform distribution of soybean plants, overcome gaps caused by seedling shortage, achieve proper close planting, and improve the yield. The precision sowing of the soybeans is an important part of a mechanized production process of the soybeans. Mechanized precision sowing of crops, including the soybeans, often uses hole sowing, which requires proper field distribution, uniform row spacing, and precise seed volume. Therefore, the problems of repeated sowing and omission in a sowing process are avoided, and damage to the seeds is also avoided. A current hole-sowing device for crops still has the problems such as unstable operation, repeated sowing, and omission during operation. Especially dining sowing, due to the requirements of the planting agronomy for adjusting a row spacing for sowing, an existing sowing device usually adjusts the row spacing for sowing by changing the number of hole-forming components. Due to the complexity of replacing a hole-forming component and the limitation of size parameters of a hole-sowing wheel and a hole-forming component on the hole-sowing wheel on the adjusted row spacing, the requirement for adjusting the row spacing cannot be met. How to achieve flexible and effective adjustment of a row spacing during precision sowing of crops and how to improve the sowing quality are of great significance for improving the mechanization level of crop planting and industrial development. Summary of the Invention To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an adjustable 1 hole-spacing precision sowing machine for crops, and aims to solve or improve at least one of the above technical problems. To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an adjustable hole-spacing precision sowing machine for crops, including a mounting frame, where the top of the mounting frame is connected to a downwardly extending vertical fixed mounting shaft, and the bottom of the mounting frame is horizontally rotatably connected to a hole-sowing wheel axle; hole-sowing wheels and a ground wheel are fixedly sleeved over the hole-sowing wheel axle; hole-forming components are arranged on the hole-sowing wheels; an adjustment stand is movably connected between the hole-sowing wheels, the ground wheel, and the fixed mounting shaft; the adjustment stand includes a stand body, adjustment pull plates, and pull rings; the stand body is axially adjustably fixed on the fixed mounting shaft; at least two supports are arranged at a lower end of the stand body; each support is hinged with adjustment pull plates; one end of each adjustment pull plate away from the corresponding support is hinged with the corresponding pull ring; the pull rings are sleeved over hole-sowing wheel axle without contacting the hole-sowing wheel axle and are respectively connected to the hole-sowing wheels and the ground wheel; and when a connection height of the stand body on the fixed mounting shaft is changed, the pull rings axially move on the hole-sowing wheel axle and drive the hole-sowing wheels and the ground wheel to radially expand or retract. According to the adjustable hole-spacing precision sowing machine for crops of the present invention, during operation, a row spacing for hole sowing is first adjusted according to the agronomic requirements of crop planting; fixing heights of the fixed mounting shaft and the adjustment stand are adjusted; the pull rings at the lower end of the adjustment stand push stretching components on the hole-sowing wheel axle and the ground wheel to open and close the hole-sowing wheels and the ground wheel in the radial direction; and the radial sizes of the hole-sowing wheels and the radial size of the ground wheel are synchronously adjusted by opening and closing the hole-sowing wheels and the ground wheel, thereby completing the adjustment of the row spacing for hole sowing. This structure can achieve stepless adjustment of the row spacing for hole formation within a range. Preferably, each hole-sowing wheel includes a wheel body, fixed rods, movable sleeve rods, and the hole-forming components; the wheel body is fixedly sleeved over the hole-sowing wheel 2 axle; the wheel body is a circular truncated cone with a circular through hole at its center; multiple seed holes are uniformly distributed on a circumferential surface of the wheel body; the fixed rods are internally hollow; one end of each fixed rod is fixed in the corresponding seed hole, and the other end of each fixed rod is sleeved with the corresponding movable sleeve rod without contacting the corresponding movable sleeve rod; the movable sleeve rods are movable back and forth along axial lines of the fixed rods; and the hole-forming components are connected to end portions of the movable sleeve rods away from the wheel body. Preferably, push-pull rings are further sleeved over the hole-sowing wheel axle without contacting the hole-sowing wheel axle; each push-pull ring includes a ring body and connection rods; the ring body is connected to the pull ring; the connection rods are fixedly and uniformly distributed on a circumferential surface of one end of the ring body close to the hole-sowing wheel and are hinged with push-pull plates; and one end of each push-pull plate is hinged to the corresponding connection rod, and the other end is hinged to the corresponding movable sleeve rod, to convert a thrust of the pull ring in an axial direction of the hole-sowing wheel axle into an expansion force of the movable sleeve rod in a radial direction of the hole-sowing wheel. Preferably, two hole-sowing wheels respectively located on two sides of the ground wheel and connected to the pull rings through the push-pull rings are provided. Preferably, multiple seed receiving slots are circumferentially uniformly distributed on an inner circumferential surface of each wheel body; bottom plates of the seed receiving slots have same inclination angles as the inner circumferential surface of each wheel body; the seed hole is provided on a side wall, close to the wheel body, of the bottom plate of each seed receiving slot; and the inner circumferential surface between two adjacent seed receiving slots is formed into a press block. Preferably, each hole-forming component includes two mutually buckled hole-forming bodies shaped like semi-conical shells; the two hole-forming bodies are buckled into a complete conical shell; one hole-forming body is fixed on a hinge rod at a front end of the movable sleeve rod, and a cone tip of the hole-forming body is outwards in an axial direction of the movable sleeve rod; the other hole-forming body is movably connected to the hinge rod through a torsion spring; the hole-forming body fixedly connected to the hinge rod further includes a press rod fixedly connected to one end of the semi-conical shell away from the cone tip; the press rod 3 includes an arc-shaped free end; and when the press rod is pressed, the hole-forming body connected to the press rod is driven to rotate. Preferably, the ground wheel includes telescopic wheel bodies and a mounting wheel; the mounting wheel is fixedly sleeved over the hole-sowing wheel axle; multiple circular holes are uniformly distributed on a circumferential surface of the mounting wheel; and the telescopic wheel bodies are movably inserted into the circular holes through supporting rods and movable back and forth along axial lines of the circular holes to adjust a radial size of the ground wheel. Preferably, the telescopic wheel body includes a wheel plate, telescopic connection rods, and the supporting rod; the wheel plate is an arc plate, and the supporting rod is fixed in a center of an inner arc surface of the wheel plate in a radial direction of the arc; the telescopic connection rods are round step rods, axial lines of the telescopic connection rods are perpendicularly intersected with an axial line of the supporting rod; and the telescopic connection rods are symmetrically fixed on a circumferential surface of the supporting rod. Preferably, a short cylindrical spike tooth is fixed in a center of an outer arc surface of the wheel plate in the radial direction of the arc. Preferably, two rows of circular holes are provided on the circumferential surface of the hole-sowing wheel axle; two telescopic wheel bodies are provided; and the two telescopic wheel bodies are mounted in a staggered manner. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects: According to the adjustable hole-spacing precision sowing machine for crops of the present invention, by the design of a row spacing adjustment mechanism and a hole-sowing device, a row spacing for sowing can be flexibly and effectively adjusted according to the agronomic requirements of crop planting, and the problems about precise seed picking and seed feeding during sowing are solved. The sowing machine can flexibly adjust the row spacing for precise sowing of crops within a large range without removing the hole-forming components, and the problems of repeated sowing, omission, and the like during sowing are solved by precise picking of a single seed and hole-sowing; the reliability and flexibility of sowing of soybean seeds are improved; the problems of complex use and low efficiency of an existing crop sowing device caused by removal and mounting of sowing components according to different row spacings for 4 sowing and the problems of low operation flexibility, poor adaptability, and the like are solved; and a new idea is provided for precision sowing of soybeans and similar crops with large round seeds. Brief Description of the Drawings The accompanying drawings forming a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and the illustrative embodiments and their explanations of the present invention are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present invention. In the drawings: FIG. la to FIG. 1c are schematic structural diagrams of an adjustable hole-spacing precision sowing machine for crops provided by the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a mounting frame in the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fixed mounting shaft in the present invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an adjustment screw sleeve in the present invention; FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a sleeve body in FIG. 4; FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a lower press ring in FIG. 4; FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an adjustment stand in the present invention; FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a stand body in FIG. 7; FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an adjustment pull plate in FIG. 7; FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a pull ring in FIG. 7; FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a hole-sowing wheel axle in the present invention; FIG. 12a to FIG. 12c are schematic structural diagrams of a hole-sowing wheel in the present invention; FIG. 13a to FIG. 13b are schematic structural diagrams of a wheel body in FIG. 12c; FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a movable sleeve rod in FIG. 12a and FIG. 12b; FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a hole-forming component in FIG. 12a and FIG. 12b; FIG. 16 is an exploded view of FIG. 15; FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a push-pull ring in the present invention; FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of a push-pull plate in the present invention; FIG. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of a ground wheel in the present invention; FIG. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of a telescopic wheel body in FIG. 19; FIG. 21a to FIG. 21b are schematic structural diagrams of a mounting hole in FIG. 19; FIG. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of a seed storage box in the present invention; FIG. 23a to FIG. 23b are schematic structural diagrams of a box body in FIG. 22; and FIG. 24 is a schematic structural diagram of a seed discharging device in FIG. 22. Detailed Description of the Invention The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention but not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of present invention without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of present invention. To make the above objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention will be further described in detail below in combination with the accompanying drawings and specific implementations. An adjustable hole-spacing precision sowing machine for crops of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with FIG. la to FIG. 24. Referring to FIG. la to FIG. 1c, FIG. la to FIG. 1c are schematic structural diagrams of an adjustable hole-spacing precision sowing machine for crops provided by the present invention. The adjustable hole-spacing precision sowing machine for crops of this embodiment is used for crop sowing, especially for precision sowing of soybeans. The adjustable hole-spacing precision sowing machine for crops may include a mounting frame 1. The mounting frame 1 includes a horizontal mounting platform 101, a mounting stand 102 located on a top surface of the mounting platform 101, and side pull plates 103 symmetrically fixed on a bottom edge of the mounting platform 101. A fixed mounting shaft 2 is detachably connected downwards to the middle of the mounting stand 102. The fixed mounting shaft 2 extends downwards through a through slot 105 in 6 the middle of the mounting platform 101 and is movably connected to an adjustment stand 5 on the fixed mounting shaft 2. A hole-sowing wheel axle 6 is connected to a rotating shaft between the two side pull plates 103. The hole-sowing wheel axle 6 includes hole-sowing wheels 7 and a ground wheel 10 rotatably connected to the hole-sowing wheel axle 6. The bottom of the adjustment stand 5 is movably connected to a sowing assembly. Connection heights of the adjustment stand 5 and the fixed mounting shaft 2 are adjusted to change outer diameters of the hole-sowing wheels 7 and the ground wheel 10, thereby adjusting a row spacing for hole sowing. Specifically, as shown in FIG. la and FIG. lb, the adjustable hole-spacing precision sowing machine for crops includes a mounting frame 1, a fixed mounting shaft 2, a fixed nut 3, an adjustment screw sleeve 4, an adjustment stand 5, a hole-sowing wheel axle 6, hole-sowing wheels 7, push-pull rings 8, push-pull plates 9, a ground wheel 10, and seed storage boxes 11. As shown in FIG. 2, the mounting frame 1 includes a mounting platform 101. The mounting platform 101 is horizontally placed channel steel. A through slot 105 that penetrates through the mounting platform from top to bottom is provided in a center position of an upper surface of the mounting platform, and the through slot 105 can allow the fixed mounting shaft 2 and the adjustment stand 5 to pass through. A mounting stand 102 is fixed vertically placed on an upper surface of the mounting frame 1. The mounting stand 102 is a generally inverted U-shaped structure with two vertical plates on the left and right, including a top transverse plate and the left and right vertical plates. The two vertical plates are perpendicular to the upper surface of the mounting platform 101 and support the top transverse plate, so that the top transverse plate is higher than the mounting platform 101 by a distance. This provides a space to adjust connection heights of the adjustment stand 5 and the fixed mounting shaft 2. A mounting through hole 104 is machined in a center of the top transverse plate on the mounting stand 102, and a center of the mounting through hole 104 is aligned with a center of the through slot 105 on the mounting platform 101. The mounting through hole 104 is configured to fix the fixed mounting shaft 2 from an upper end. Two edges of a bottom surface of the mounting platform 101 downwards extend to form side pull plates 103. The two side pull plates 103 are symmetrically arranged, and central shaft holes 106 are provided on lower ends of the two side pull plates. The two central shaft holes 106 axially rotatably connected to the hole-sowing wheel axle 6. As shown in FIG. 3, the fixed mounting shaft 2 is a circular step shaft with a threaded section 7 at each of two ends. An upper section of the fixed mounting shaft is a short threaded rod, and a lower section is a long threaded rod. The end, provided with the short threaded rod, of the fixed mounting shaft 2 faces upwards and is vertically fixedly mounted on the mounting stand 102 via a fixing nut 3 through the mounting through hole 104 on the mounting stand 102. The lower end is connected to the adjustment stand 5 through the long threaded rod. Specifically, the adjustment stand 5 is connected to the fixed mounting shaft 2 through an adjustment screw sleeve 4 in an up-down adjustable manner. Referring to FIG. 4 to FIG. 6, as shown in FIG. 4, the adjustment screw sleeve 4 includes a sleeve body 401, a lower press ring 402, and a tightening screw 403. As shown in FIG. 5, the sleeve body 401 is a circular step shaft with a threaded through hole in a center. A circumferential surface of an upper end is machined into an adjustment wheel with a hexagonal cross section to rotate the sleeve body. The middle step shaft serves as an upper press ring. Two threaded through holes are symmetrically machined radially on a circumferential surface of a lower end. As shown in FIG. 6, the lower press ring 402 is a circular ring, with two threaded through holes symmetrically machined radially on a circumferential surface. The lower press ring 402 is sleeved over the lower end of the sleeve body 401 without contacting the lower end of the sleeve body 401, and the upper threaded through hole of the lower press ring is aligned with the center of the threaded through hole at the lower end of the sleeve body 401. The lower press ring 402 is fastened to the sleeve body 401 by the tightening screw 403. The adjustment screw sleeve 4 is screwed onto a screw rod at the lower end of the mounting shaft 2 through a central threaded through hole. The lower end of the sleeve body 401 passes through a through hole on an upper surface of the adjustment stand 5. Then, the lower press ring 402 is fixed to the sleeve body 401 by the tightening screw 403, so that the adjustment stand 5 is sleeved over the lower end of the adjustment screw sleeve 4 without contacting the lower end of the adjustment screw sleeve 4, and the adjustment screw sleeve 4 is connected to the fixed mounting shaft 2. The adjustment stand 5 can be driven to move up and down along an axial line of the fixed mounting shaft 2 by rotating an adjustment wheel on the sleeve body 401. Referring to FIG. 7 to FIG. 10, as shown in FIG. 7, the adjustment stand 5 includes a stand body 501, adjustment pull plates 502, and pull rings 503. As shown in FIG. 8, the stand body 501 is a generally inverted U-shaped structure, including a transverse plate body 50101, and side plates 8 bent vertically downwards at two ends of the plate body 50101. Supports 50102 are symmetrically arranged inside and outside lower ends of the side plates, and each support 50102 is fixed with a horizontal pin shaft 50103. As shown in FIG. 9, the adjustment pull plate 502 includes an upper pull plate 50201, a connection rod 50202, and a lower pull plate 50203. The upper pull plate 50201 and the lower pull plate 50203 have exactly same structural sizes, each of which is formed by symmetrically vertically bending two sides of a flat plate. A through hole is provided at the same position on an end of each side plate. The connection rod 50202 is a round rod, with two ends vertically fixed at centers of sides, close to each other, of the upper pull plate 50201 and the lower pull plate 50203. As shown in FIG. 10, the pull ring 503 is a circular ring with a notch and is mounted in an annular slot of a ring body 801 of the push-pull ring 8. Two short rods are symmetrically machined radially on an outer circumferential surface of the pull ring. As shown in FIG. 7, the adjustment pull plates 502 are mounted on the pin shafts 50103 through the through holes of the upper pull plates 50201 and are hinged to the stand body 501. The pull rings 503 are mounted in the through holes of the lower pull plates 50203 through the short rods on the two sides and are hinged to the adjustment pull plates 502. The adjustment stand 5 is sleeved below the adjustment screw sleeve 4, without contacting the adjustment screw sleeve 4, through the through hole in the center of the upper plane of the stand body 501. As shown in FIG. 11, the hole-sowing wheel axle 6 is a circular step shaft. Referring to FIG. 12a to FIG. 14, as shown in FIG. 12a and FIG. 12b, the hole-sowing wheel 7 includes a wheel body 701, fixed rods 702, movable sleeve rods 703, and hole-forming components 704. As shown in FIG. 13a and FIG. 13b, the wheel body 701 is a circular truncated cone with a circular through hole at its center, with a generally conical shape. A side plate with an equal size is fixed on a side of the wheel body with a large outer diameter (a large end). A boss with a circular through hole is machined at a center of an outer wall of the side plate to mount the hole-sowing wheel axle 6. A side of the wheel body with a small outer diameter is provided with an opening. Six square seed receiving slots 70101 are machined in a circumferential direction on an inner circumferential surface. Bottom plates of the seed receiving slots 70101 have the same inclination angles as the circumferential surface. A circular through hole used as a seed hole 70102 is machined in the middle of one side of the bottom plate of each seed receiving slot 70101 close to the inner wall of the side plate of the wheel body. The inner circumferential surface of the wheel 9 body 701 between two adjacent seed receiving slots 70101 is formed into a press block 70103. A concentric circular ring with an equal size is fixedly mounted on the side, with the small outer diameter, of the wheel body 701, to mount a seed storage box 11. The fixed rods 702 are round tubes, each of which is outwards fixed in the through hole on the circumferential surface of the wheel body 701 through a rod end of one side in a radial direction of the wheel body 701. As shown in FIG. 14, the movable sleeve rod 703 is composed of a rod body 70301, two hinge rods 70302, two mounting rods 70303, and the like. The rod body 70301 is a round tube. The two hinge rods 70302 are symmetrically fixedly mounted in the radial direction on an outer circular surface of an upper end of the rod body, and the two mounting rods 70303 are symmetrically fixedly mounted in the radial direction on an outer circular surface of a lower end of the rod body. Axial lines of the hinge rods 70302 are perpendicular to the mounting rods 70303, and the movable sleeve rod 703 is sleeved over the fixed rod 702 through the rod body 70301 without contacting the fixed rod 702, and can move back and forth along the axial line of the fixed rod 702. As shown in FIG. 15 and FIG. 16, the hole-forming component 704 includes a movable hole-forming member 70401 and a fixed hole-forming member 70402. As shown in the left-hand side of FIG. 16, the movable hole-forming member 70401 is composed of a movable hole-forming body 7040101, two hinge shaft sleeves 7040102, and a press rod 7040103. The movable hole-forming body 7040101 is a semi-conical shell, with a cone tip used as a small end and a cone bottom used as a large end. Each hinge shaft sleeve 7040102 is a shaft sleeve provided with a mounting sheet at a rear end and a through hole in a center. The two hinge shaft sleeves 7040102 are arranged on the left and right separately, and are vertically and symmetrically fixed on an upper edge surface of the large end of the movable hole-forming body 7040101 through the mounting plates at the rear ends. The press rod 7040103 is a round rod, fixedly mounted on an outer circumferential surface of the left shaft sleeve. A free end of the round rod is bent into an arc. When pressed, the press rod drives the movable hole-forming member 70401 to rotate through the shaft sleeves. As shown in the right-hand side of FIG. 16, the fixed hole-forming member 70402 is composed a fixed hole-forming body 7040201 and two hinge plates 7040202. The fixed hole-forming body 7040201 and the movable hole-forming body 7040101 are the same semi-conical shells. The hinge plate 7040202 is a mounting sheet with a central through hole. The 10 two hinge plate 7040202 are vertically and symmetrically fixed on the left and right sides of an upper edge surface of the large end of the fixed hole-forming body 7040201 separately. The fixed hole-forming member 70402 is fixedly mounted on the hinge rod 70302 at the front end of the movable sleeve rod 703 through the two hinge plates 7040202. The cone tip faces outwards in an axial direction of the movable sleeve rod 703. The hinge shaft sleeves 7040102 on the movable hole-forming member 70401 are mounted on the hinge rods 70302 of the movable sleeve rod 703 through torsion springs, facing the same direction as the fixed hole-forming member 70402. In an initial state, a side surface of the movable hole-forming member 70401 abuts against the corresponding side surface of the fixed hole-forming member 70402 under the action of the torsion springs, thereby forming a hole-forming component chamber with a closed outer circumferential surface, to store crop seeds exported from the fixed rod 702. As shown in FIG. 17, the push-pull ring 8 includes a ring body 801 and connection rods 802. The ring body 801 is a cylindrical body with a central through hole, and an annular slot is machined on a cylindrical surface. The connection rod 802 is a round rod. One end of the rod is vertically symmetrically fixed with a circular push-pull rod. The six connection rods 802 are fixedly uniformly distributed on a circumferential surface of one end of the ring body 801, and axial lines of the push-pull rods are parallel to end surfaces of two sides of the ring body 801. As shown in FIG. 18, the push-pull plate 9 includes an upper connection plate 901, a push-pull connection rod 902, and a lower connection plate 903. The upper connection plate 901 and the lower connection plate 903 have exactly same structural sizes, each of which is formed by symmetrically vertically bending two sides of a flat plate. A through hole is machined at the same position at an end of each side plate. The push-pull connection rod 902 is a round rod, and two ends are vertically fixed at the centers of the flat plates of the upper and lower connection plates respectively. The push-pull ring 8 is sleeved over the hole-sowing wheel axle 6 without contacting the hole-sowing wheel axle 6. Two push-pull rings 8 are mounted between the ground wheel 10 and each hole-sowing wheel 7. One side of the push-pull ring 8 with the connection rods 802 faces the hole-sowing wheel 7 or ground wheel 10 connected to the push-pull ring. The connection rods 802 on the push-pull ring 8, the movable sleeve rods 703 on the hole-sowing wheel 7, and a telescopic wheel body 1001 on the ground wheel 10 all correspond to each other. The connection rods 802 on 11 the push-pull ring 8 are respectively connected to the movable sleeve rods 703 on the corresponding hole-sowing wheel 7 and the telescopic wheel body 1001 on the ground wheel 10 through the push-pull plates 9. The adjustment stand 5 is sleeved in the circular slots on the ring bodies 801 of the push-pull rings 8 without contacting the circular slots through the pull rings 503 at the lower end. The adjustment stand 5 moves up and down, which can push the push-pull rings 8 to move on the hole-sowing wheel axle 6 through the pull rings 503. The push-pull plates 9 mounted on the push-pull rings 8 drive the movable sleeve rods 703 and the telescopic wheel body 1001 connected thereto to synchronously expand and retract up and down, thereby achieving synchronous adjustment of the radial sizes of the hole-sowing wheels 7 and the ground wheel 10. Referring to FIG. 19 to FIG. 21b, as shown in FIG. 19, the ground wheel 10 includes telescopic wheel bodies 1001 and a mounting wheel 1002. As shown in FIG. 20, the telescopic wheel body 1001 includes a wheel plate 100101, a nail tooth 100102, telescopic connection rods 100103, and a supporting rod 100104. The wheel plate 100101 is an arc plate, and the short cylindrical nail tooth 100102 is fixed at a center of an outer arc surface of the arc plate in the radial direction of the arc. The supporting rod 100104 is a round rod, and one end of the round rod in the radial direction of the arc plate of the wheel plate 100101 is fixed in a center of an inner arc surface of the wheel plate. The telescopic connection rods 100103 are round step rods, axial lines of the telescopic connection rods are vertically intersected with an axial line of the supporting rod 100104. The telescopic connection rods are symmetrically fixed on the circumferential surface of the supporting rod 100104. As shown in FIG. 21a and FIG. 21b, the mounting wheel 1002 is a cylindrical body with a through hole in the center. An annular slot is machined on the axial middle outer circumferential surface of the mounting wheel. The same number of circular holes are circumferentially uniformly distributed on the circumferential surface on two sides of the annular slot. As shown in FIG. 19, the telescopic wheel body 1001 is inserted into the circular holes on the cylindrical surface of the mounting wheel 1002 through the supporting rods 100104, and can move back and forth along axial lines of the circular holes to adjust the radial size of the ground wheel 10. The telescopic wheel bodies 1001 on the cylindrical surfaces on the two sides of the annular slot are mounted in a staggered manner to ensure that the circumferential surface formed by the wheel plates 100101 on the circumference of the ground wheel 10 is always continuous when the telescopic wheel bodies 1001 extend and retract. Referring to FIG. 22 to FIG. 24, as shown in FIG. 22, the seed storage box 11 includes a box body 1101 and a seed discharging device 1102. As shown in FIG. 23a and FIG. 23b, an upper part of the box body 1101 is a hollow inverted square frustum. A hollow cylinder tangent to a side plate is fixed at an outlet in a lower end of the box body. A front end of the hollow cylinder extends out of a front end surface of the square frustum, and a rear connection plate is an inclined plate, which facilitates exporting of seeds from the box body 1101. A through hole is machined at each of a center of the front end surface of the cylinder and a corresponding position of the rear inclined plate to sleeve the seed storage box on the hole-sowing wheel axle 6 without contacting the hole-sowing wheel axle 6. A square through hole is provided at the front end of the hollow cylinder extending out of a bottom end of the circumferential surface, and a circular hole is machined on the end surface of the hollow cylinder on each of the front and rear sides of an upper end of the through hole, to mount the seed discharging device 1102. As shown in FIG. 24, the seed discharging device 1102 includes a seed discharging wheel 110201 and a rotating dial wheel 110202. The seed discharging wheel 110201 is a cylindrical body, with two seed holes machined in each row on the circumference in the axial direction, to ensure two seeds being sowed. There are six rows along the circumference (the number of rows is consistent with the number of seed receiving slots on the wheel body 701). A cylindrical rod is provided on the left side of the cylindrical body, and a round step rod is provided on the right side. The rotating dial wheel 110202 is a cylindrical body, with a cylindrical dial rod fixed radially on the circumferential surface. The rotating dial wheel 110202 is fixedly mounted on the small round rod of the step rod on the right side of the seed discharging wheel 110201 through its central through hole. The seed discharging device 1102 is mounted at the lower end of the seed storage box 11 through the round rods on the two sides of the seed discharging wheel 110201. Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, and in combination with the descriptions of all the above components, according to the adjustable hole-spacing precision sowing machine for crops, the end, provided with the short threaded rod, of the fixed mounting shaft 2 faces upwards and is vertically fixedly mounted on the mounting stand 102 through a fixing nut 3. The stand body 501 of the adjustment stand 5 is mounted on the threaded rod at the lower end of the fixed mounting shaft 2 via the adjustment screw sleeve 4 through the through slot on the mounting platform 101. The adjustment stand 5 can be driven to move up and down in the through slot of the mounting 13 platform 101 along the axial line of the fixed mounting shaft 2 by rotating the adjustment wheel on the sleeve body 401. The hole-sowing wheel axle 6 is fixedly mounted in the central through hole at the lower end of the side pull plate 103 of the mounting frame 1 through a bearing, symmetrically on the left and right. The hole-sowing wheel axle 6 can rotate relative to the mounting frame 1. The ground wheel 10 is fixedly mounted in the middle of the hole-sowing wheel axle 6. The left and right hole-sowing wheels 7 are symmetrically fixed on the hole-sowing wheel axle 6 on the two sides of the ground wheel 10 through the central through holes of the wheel bodies 701. The large ends of the wheel bodies 701 directly face the ground wheel 10. The push-pull ring 8 is sleeved over the hole-sowing wheel axle 6 without contacting the hole-sowing wheel axle 6. Two push-pull rings 8 are mounted between the ground wheel 10 and each hole-sowing wheel 7. One side of the push-pull ring 8 with the connection rods 802 faces the hole-sowing wheel 7 or ground wheel 10 connected to the push-pull ring. The connection rods 802 on the push-pull ring 8, the movable sleeve rods 703 on the hole-sowing wheel 7, and a telescopic wheel body 1001 on the ground wheel 10 all correspond to each other. The connection rods 802 on the push-pull ring 8 are respectively connected to the movable sleeve rods 703 on the corresponding hole-sowing wheel 7 and the telescopic wheel body 1001 on the ground wheel 10 through the push-pull plates 9. The adjustment stand 5 is sleeved in the circular slots on the ring bodies 801 of the push-pull rings 8 without contacting the circular slots through the pull rings 503 at the lower end. The adjustment stand 5 moves up and down, which can push the push-pull rings 8 to move on the hole-sowing wheel axle 6 through the pull rings 503. The push-pull plates 9 mounted on the push-pull rings 8 drive the movable sleeve rods 703 and the telescopic wheel body 1001 connected thereto to synchronously expand and retract up and down, thereby achieving synchronous adjustment of the radial sizes of the hole-sowing wheels 7 and the ground wheel 10 and completing the adjustment of the row spacing for hole sowing. The seed storage boxes 11 are fixed on inner side plates of the side pull plates 103 of the mounting frame 1 through rear side plates of the box bodies 1101. The seed discharging devices 1102 mounted at the front ends and lower ends of the hollow cylinders of the seed storage boxes 11 all extend into chambers of the wheel bodies 701 of the hole-sowing wheels 7, so that seeds discharged by the seed discharging device 1102 can fall into the seed receiving slots on the inner sides of the wheel bodies 701 that rotate to the lower part. The working principle of the embodiments of the present invention is as follows: According to the adjustable hole-spacing precision sowing machine for crops of this embodiment, during operation, a row spacing for hole sowing is first adjusted according to the agronomic requirements of crop planting. The adjustment screw sleeve 4 on the fixed mounting shaft 2 is rotated to drive the adjustment stand 5 to move up and down along the axial line of the fixed mounting shaft 2. The adjustment stand 5 pushes the push-pull rings 8 to move on the hole-sowing wheel axle 6 through the pull rings 503 at the lower end. The movable sleeve rods 703 and the telescopic wheel bodies 1001 are driven to synchronously extend and retract up and down through the push-pull plates 9 mounted on the push-pull rings 8, thereby radially opening and closing the hole-sowing wheels 7 and the ground wheel 10, so that the radial sizes of the hole-sowing wheels 7 and the ground wheel 10 are synchronously adjusted through the opening and closing, and the adjustment of the row spacing for hole sowing is completed. When the adjustment stand 5 is adjusted upwards along the fixed mounting shaft 2, the movable sleeve rods 703 and the telescopic wheel bodies 1001 simultaneously retract radially inwards, and the hole-sowing wheels 7 and the ground wheel 10 are closed radially, thus reducing the row spacing for hole formation between the hole-sowing wheels 7. When the adjustment stand 5 is adjusted downwards along the fixed mounting shaft 2, the movable sleeve rods 703 and the telescopic wheel bodies 1001 simultaneously extend radially outwards, and the hole-sowing wheels 7 and the ground wheel 10 are opened radially, thus increasing the row spacing for hole formation between the hole-sowing wheels 7. This structure can achieve stepless adjustment of the row spacing for hole formation within a range. After the row spacing for hole sowing has been adjusted, the machine can start to work: When the machine moves forwards, the mounting frame 1 drives the hole-sowing wheel axle 6 to move forwards. The ground wheel 10 fixedly mounted on the axle rotates under the friction force of the wheel plates 100101 and the acting force of the spike teeth 100102, drives the hole-sowing wheel axle 6 to rotate counterclockwise in a forward direction, and drives the hole-sowing wheels 7 fixedly mounted on the hole-sowing wheel axle to rotate. When the hole-sowing wheels 7 rotate, the press blocks inside the chambers of the wheel bodies 701 rotate to press the seed discharging devices 1102. The dial rods on the rotating dial wheels 110202 drive the seed discharging devices 1102 to rotate, so that the seeds in the seed holes are brought out of the seed storage boxes 11 and 15 are fed into the wheel bodies 701 and then into the seed receiving slots at the lower ends. The seeds roll along the inclined bottom plates of the seed receiving slots into the seed holes, and the seeds are guided into the closed chambers of the hole-forming components 704 through the central through holes of the fixed rods 702 and the movable sleeve rods 703. The hole-sowing wheels 7 drive the hole-forming components 704 to gradually enter the soil to form holes during the rotation. Meanwhile, during the hole formation of the hole-forming components 704, the press rods 7040103 is gradually contact with the ground and are pressed, which drives the shaft sleeves fixedly connected thereto to rotate, thereby driving the movable hole-forming members 70401 to rotate. The lower ends of the hole-forming components 704 are opened, and the seeds in the chambers of the hole-forming components 704 are put into the holes. When the press rods leave the ground, the movable hole-forming members 70401 are reset under the action of the mounted torsion springs, preparing for the next hole formation and seed feeding. Details of the technical effects of the embodiments of the present invention are found in the content of this specification and will not be elaborated here. In the descriptions of the present invention, it should be understood that orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms “longitudinal”, “transverse”, “upper”, “lower”, “front”, “rear”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inner”, “outer”, and the like are orientations or positional relationships as shown in the drawings, and are only for the purpose of facilitating the descriptions of the present invention instead of indicating or implying that devices or elements indicated must have particular orientations, and be constructed and operated in the particular orientations, so that these terms are not construed as limiting the present invention. The embodiments described above are only a description of the preferred implementations of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various changes and improvements made by a person of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should all fall within the protection scope determined in the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adjustable hole-spacing precision sowing machine for crops, comprising a mounting frame (1), characterized in that the top of the mounting frame (1) is connected to a downwardly extending vertical fixed mounting shaft (2), and the bottom of the mounting frame is horizontally rotatably connected to a hole-sowing wheel axle (6); hole-sowing wheels (7) and a ground wheel (10) are fixedly sleeved over the hole-sowing wheel axle (6); hole-forming components (704) are arranged on the hole-sowing wheels (7); an adjustment stand (5) is movably connected between the hole-sowing wheels (7), the ground wheel (10), and the fixed mounting shaft (2); the adjustment stand (5) comprises a stand body (501), adjustment pull plates (502), and pull rings (503); the stand body (501) is axially adjustably fixed on the fixed mounting shaft (2); at least two supports (50102) are arranged at a lower end of the stand body (501); each support (50102) is hinged with adjustment pull plates (502); one end of each adjustment pull plate (502) away from the corresponding support (50102) is hinged with the corresponding pull ring (503); the pull rings (503) are sleeved over hole-sowing wheel axle (6) without contacting the hole-sowing wheel axle (6) and are respectively connected to the hole-sowing wheels (7) and the ground wheel (10); and when a connection height of the stand body (501) on the fixed mounting shaft (2) is changed, the pull rings (503) axially move on the hole-sowing wheel axle (6) and drive the hole-sowing wheels (7) and the ground wheel (10) to radially expand or retract.

2. The adjustable hole-spacing precision sowing machine for crops according to claim 1, characterized in that each hole-sowing wheel (7) comprises a wheel body (701), fixed rods (702), movable sleeve rods (703), and the hole-forming components (704); the wheel body (701) is fixedly sleeved over the hole-sowing wheel axle (6); the wheel body (701) is a circular truncated cone with a circular through hole at its center; a plurality of seed holes (70102) are uniformly distributed on a circumferential surface of the wheel body (701); the fixed rods (702) are internally hollow; one end of each fixed rod (702) is fixed in the corresponding seed hole (70102), and the other end of each fixed rod is sleeved with the corresponding movable sleeve rod (703) without contacting the corresponding movable sleeve rod (703); the movable sleeve rods (703) are movable back and forth along axial lines of the fixed rods (702); and the hole-forming components (704) are connected to end portions of the movable sleeve rods (703) away from the wheel body (701).

3. The adjustable hole-spacing precision sowing machine for crops according to claim 2, characterized in that push-pull rings (8) are further sleeved over the hole-sowing wheel axle (6) without contacting the hole-sowing wheel axle (6); each push-pull ring (8) comprises a ring body (801) and connection rods (802); the ring body (801) is connected to the pull ring (503); the connection rods (802) are fixedly and uniformly distributed on a circumferential surface of one end of the ring body (801) close to the hole-sowing wheel (7) and are hinged with push-pull plates (9); and one end of each push-pull plate (9) is hinged to the corresponding connection rod (802), and the other end is hinged to the corresponding movable sleeve rod (703), to convert a thrust of the pull ring (503) in an axial direction of the hole-sowing wheel axle (6) into an expansion force of the movable sleeve rod (703) in a radial direction of the hole-sowing wheel (7).

4. The adjustable hole-spacing precision sowing machine for crops according to claim 3, characterized in that two hole-sowing wheels (7) respectively located on two sides of the ground wheel (10) and connected to the pull rings (503) through the push-pull rings (8) are provided.

5. The adjustable hole-spacing precision sowing machine for crops according to claim 2 or 3 or 4, characterized in that a plurality of seed receiving slots (70101) are circumferentially uniformly distributed on an inner circumferential surface of each wheel body (701); bottom plates of the seed receiving slots (70101) have same inclination angles as the inner circumferential surface of each wheel body (701); the seed hole (70102) is provided on a side wall, close to the wheel body (701), of the bottom plate of each seed receiving slot (70101); and the inner circumferential surface between two adjacent seed receiving slots (70101) is formed into a press block (70103).

6. The adjustable hole-spacing precision sowing machine for crops according to claim 5, characterized in that each hole-forming component (704) comprises two mutually buckled hole-forming bodies shaped like semi-conical shells; the two hole-forming bodies are buckled into a complete conical shell; one hole-forming body is fixed on a hinge rod (70302) at a front end of the movable sleeve rod (703), and a cone tip of the hole-forming body is outwards in an axial direction of the movable sleeve rod (703); the other hole-forming body is movably connected to the hinge rod (70302) through a torsion spring; the hole-forming body fixedly connected to the hinge rod (70302) further comprises a press rod (7040103) fixedly connected to one end of the semi-conical shell away from the cone tip; the press rod (7040103) comprises an arc-shaped free 18end; and when the press rod (7040103) is pressed, the hole-forming body connected to the press rod is driven to rotate.

7. The adjustable hole-spacing precision sowing machine for crops according to claim 1, characterized in that the ground wheel (10) comprises telescopic wheel bodies (1001) and a mounting wheel (1002); the mounting wheel (1002) is fixedly sleeved over the hole-sowing wheel axle (6); a plurality of circular holes are uniformly distributed on a circumferential surface of the mounting wheel; and the telescopic wheel bodies (1001) are movably inserted into the circular holes through supporting rods (100104) and movable back and forth along axial lines of the circular holes to adjust a radial size of the ground wheel (10).

8. The adjustable hole-spacing precision sowing machine for crops according to claim 7, characterized in that the telescopic wheel body (1001) comprises a wheel plate (100101), telescopic connection rods (100103), and the supporting rod (100104); the wheel plate (100101) is an arc plate, and the supporting rod (100104) is fixed in a center of an inner arc surface of the wheel plate in a radial direction of the arc; the telescopic connection rods (100103) are round step rods, axial lines of the telescopic connection rods are perpendicularly intersected with an axial line of the supporting rod (100104); and the telescopic connection rods are symmetrically fixed on a circumferential surface of the supporting rod (100104).

9. The adjustable hole-spacing precision sowing machine for crops according to claim 8, characterized in that a short cylindrical spike tooth (100102) is fixed in a center of an outer arc surface of the wheel plate (100101) in the radial direction of the arc.

10. The adjustable hole-spacing precision sowing machine for crops according to claim 7 or 8 or 9, characterized in that two rows of circular holes are provided on the circumferential surface of the hole-sowing wheel axle (6); two telescopic wheel bodies (1001) are provided; and the two telescopic wheel bodies (1001) are mounted in a staggered manner.

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