Electrothermal film and method of production thereof

Abstract

A method for producing an electrothermal film, its precursor solution, and related heating devices. The solution consists of tin tetrachloride (SnCl₄), titanium tetrachloride (TiCl₄), zinc oxide (ZnO)

Description

FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to a precursor solution of an electrothermal film, a method for preparing an electrothermal film, an electrothermal structure obtained by the method thereof, and a heating apparatus comprising the electrothermal film thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, energy conservation and emission reduction have become increasingly critical topics, with a growing emphasis on improving energy efficiency. Traditional electric water heaters typically use resistance wire or electromagnetic heating, but both methods have notable limitations. Resistance wire heating suffers from low thermal efficiency, safety concerns, high maintenance costs, and a relatively short lifespan. Electromagnetic heating, while more efficient, is associated with potential health risks due to electromagnetic radiation and tends to be costly. In contrast, semiconductor electrothermal films offer significant advantages. These films provide higher electrothermal conversion efficiency, enable full-surface coverage, expand the heat transfer area, increase heat transfer rates, and have a longer service life. To address these limitations, we propose an electrothermal film used in heating devices, aiming to enhance heating efficiency and reduce both energy consumption and maintenance costs.

[0003] Traditional electrothermal films often utilize expensive or limited-resources materials such as rare earth metals or graphene. Although these materials enable heat conversion, they suffer from low conversion efficiency, as well as issues with high-temperature stability and production cost. Graphene, for example, is sensitive to high temperatures and lacks the structural stability required for sustained heating applications above 300°C. Rare earth elements, while effective, are costly and raise environmental concerns due to their extraction and refining processes.

[0004] Current electrothermal films based on tin oxide and other metal oxides can achieve moderate thermal conductivity; however, they often suffer from oxidation or structural breakdown when exposed to elevated temperatures over prolonged periods. Additionally, these materials tend to lack sufficient adhesion to substrates, leading to delamination and reduced lifespan under repeated heating and cooling cycles. Therefore, there is a need to develop an electrothermal film that can maintain high thermal efficiency and stability at elevated temperatures while remaining economically feasible and environmentally friendly. SUMMARY

[0005] According to a first aspect, there is provided a precursor solution of an electrothermal film, comprising following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of Tin tetrachloride (SnC14), 15-25 parts of titanium tetrachloride (TiC14), 10-20 parts of zinc oxide (ZnO), 10-20 parts of titanium dioxide (TiO2), 2-8 parts of nickel chloride and 5-15 parts of absolute ethanol.

[0006] Advantageously, the precursor solution enables the production of an electrothermal film that retains high thermal efficiency and stability at elevated temperatures, while also being cost-effective and environmentally friendly.

[0007] Preferably, the precursor solution of the electrothermal film comprises following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of Tin tetrachloride (SnC14), 20 parts of titanium tetrachloride (TiC14), 15 parts of zinc oxide (ZnO), 15 parts of titanium dioxide (TiO2), 5 parts of nickel chloride (NiC12) and 10 parts of absolute ethanol.

[0008] Preferably, the precursor solution of the electrothermal film comprises following components in parts by weight 30 parts of Tin tetrachloride (SnC14), 15 parts of titanium tetrachloride (TiC14), 10 parts of zinc oxide (ZnO), 10 parts of titanium dioxide (TiO2), 2 parts of nickel chloride (NiC12) and 5 parts of absolute ethanol.

[0009] Preferably, the precursor solution of the electrothermal film comprises following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of Tin tetrachloride (SnC14), 25 parts of titanium tetrachloride (TiC14), 20 parts of zinc oxide (ZnO), 20 parts of titanium dioxide (TiO2), 8 parts of nickel chloride (NiC12) and 15 parts of absolute ethanol.

[0010] According to a second aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing an electrothermal film, comprising following steps: dissolving tin tetrachloride (SnC14), titanium tetrachloride (TiC14), zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), and nickel chloride (NiC12) into absolute ethanol to obtain a precursor solution; heating a substrate; spraying the precursor solution onto the preheated substrate; sintering the substrate; cooling to ambient temperature to obtain the electrothermal film; and wherein the precursor solution comprises following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of Tin tetrachloride (SnC14), 15-25 parts of titanium tetrachloride (TiC14), 10-20 parts of zinc oxide (ZnO), 10-20 parts of titanium dioxide (TiO2), 2-8 parts of nickel chloride (NiC12) and 5-15 parts of absolute ethanol.

[0011] Preferably, sintering the coated substrate is performed at a temperature of 600-650°C.

[0012] Preferably, the substrate is heated to a temperature of 500-550°C.

[0013] Preferably, the step of dissolving tin tetrachloride (SnC14), titanium tetrachloride (TiC14), zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), and nickel chloride (NiC12) into absolute ethanol to obtain a precursor solution comprises: dissolving tin tetrachloride (SnC14), titanium tetrachloride (TiC14), and nickel chloride (NiC12) into absolute ethanol to obtain a solution; stirring the solution; adding zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) and continuing to stir to obtain the precursor solution.

[0014] Preferably, the step of spraying the precursor solution onto the preheated substrate comprises pouring the precursor solution into a spray gun system.

[0015] Preferably, compressed air at 0.2 MPa is used in the spray gun system.

[0016] Preferably, the precursor solution comprises following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of Tin tetrachloride (SnC14), 20 parts of titanium tetrachloride (TiC14), 15 parts of zinc oxide (ZnO), 15 parts of titanium dioxide (TiO2), 5 parts of nickel chloride (NiC12) and 10 parts of absolute ethanol.

[0017] Preferably, the substrate is a ceramic material or a quartz material.

[0018] According to a third aspect, the invention provides a method for manufacturing an electrothermal structure, comprising preparing an electrothermal film using the method of the second aspect; applying a first electrode and a second electrode onto the electrothermal film, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged oppositely; sintering the substrate coated with the electrothermal film, the first electrode and the second electrode; cooling to ambient temperature to obtain the electrothermal structure.

[0019] Preferably, the method comprises: sintering the substrate coated with the electrothermal film, the first electrode and the second electrode is performed at a temperature of700-750°C.

[0020] According to a fourth aspect, the invention provides an electrothermal structure, comprising: a substrate; an electrothermal film, wherein the electrothermal film is formed on the substrate; an electrode, wherein the electrode is formed on the electrothermal film; wherein the electrothermal film comprises following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of Tin tetrachloride (SnC14), 15-25 parts of titanium tetrachloride (TiC14), 10-20 parts of zinc oxide (ZnO), 10-20 parts of titanium dioxide (TiO2), 2-8 parts of nickel chloride (NiC12) and 5-15 parts of absolute ethanol.

[0021] According to a fifth aspect, the invention provides a heating device, comprising an electrothermal structure of the fourth aspect.

[0022] Based on the invention described, the electrothermal films provided by the present invention exhibit significant improvements in both thermal conversion efficiency and heating stability. The unique composition of the precursor solution, which includes tin tetrachloride (SnCF), titanium tetrachloride (TiCL), zinc oxide (ZnO), and titanium dioxide (TiOz), enhances the film's thermal performance, allowing it to operate efficiently at high temperatures while maintaining long-term stability. Additionally, the electrothermal structure, once integrated with electrodes, offers a solution for heating devices that demand high thermal efficiency and stability. The present invention provides an approach to the design and production of electrothermal films, which can be applied to various heating applications, making it a valuable advancement in the field of thermal energy conversion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure lisa flowchart of a method for manufacturing an electrothermal structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; and

[0024] Figure 2 is a schematic structural view of an electrothermal structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0025] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive work shall fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0026] It should be understood that, when used in the specification of the present disclosure and the appended claims, the term “include” indicates the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not preclude the presence or an addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or a collection thereof. Example 1:

[0027] A precursor solution of an electrothermal film, comprising following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of Tin tetrachloride (SnC14), 15-25 parts of titanium tetrachloride (TiC14), 10-20 parts of zinc oxide (ZnO), 10-20 parts of titanium dioxide (TiO2), 2-8 parts of nickel chloride and 5-15 parts of absolute ethanol. This formulation serves as a basis, yielding an electrothermal film with controlled thermal conductivity and durability. Example 2:

[0028] A precursor solution of an electrothermal film, comprising following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of Tin tetrachloride (SnCk), 20 parts of titanium tetrachloride (TiCE), 15 parts of zinc oxide (ZnO), 15 parts of titanium dioxide (TiO2), 5 parts of nickel chloride (NiCh) and 10 parts of absolute ethanol. This composition has been found to offer optimized performance, achieving a balance between thermal conductivity and adhesion to the substrate in the final sintered film. Example 3:

[0029] A precursor solution of an electrothermal film, comprising following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of Tin tetrachloride (SnCk), 15 parts of titanium tetrachloride (TiCh), 10 parts of zinc oxide (ZnO), 10 parts of titanium dioxide (TiO2), 2 parts of nickel chloride (NiCh) and 5 parts of absolute ethanol. This formulation provides a cost-effective option while retaining the desired electrical and thermal characteristics of the electrothermal film. Example 4:

[0030] A precursor solution of an electrothermal film, comprising following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of tin tetrachloride (SnCk), 25 parts of titanium tetrachloride (TiCk), 20 parts of zinc oxide (ZnO), 20 parts of titanium dioxide (TiO2), 8 parts of nickel chloride (NiCh) and 15 parts of absolute ethanol. This composition is configured to yield a film with enhanced durability for applications where extended lifespan and performance under high thermal loads are required.

[0031] It should be noted that titanium sioxide (TiO2) and titanium tetrachloride (TiCk) have been used in solar cell applications, particularly in enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells as an electron transport layer. The combination of TiCk and TiCh optimizes the electron transport properties of TiCh, increasing the overall performance of the solar cells.

[0032] However, despite the proven benefits of TiO2 and TiCk in solar energy applications, their synergistic role in electrothermal films offers improved thermal performance, a previously unrecognized benefit. The inventor found that the combination of TiCfi and TiO2 can bring thermal conversion efficiency and stability to electrothermal films.

[0033] Furthermore, the inventor found that TiCk enhances the stability of TiO2 itself, which is known to be an effective material in various optoelectronic applications. By strengthening the structural integrity of TiO2, TiCk could make it more suitable for use in demanding environments such as electrothermal films, where long-term stability and high thermal performance are critical.

[0034] In other words, the use of TiCk in conjunction with TiO’ serves to enhance the thermal conversion efficiency and stability of the electrothermal films.

[0035] In addition, zinc oxide (ZnO) is a semiconductor material known for its wide bandgap (-3.37 eV) and high electron mobility, which makes it ideal for applications that require both efficient electrical conductivity and enhanced thermal stability. While ZnO has been extensively used in various industries, we have found that its role in high-performance composite materials, particularly in electrothermal films and nanostructures, has not been exploited. When integrated into composite systems, ZnO improves the electron transport capabilities of the material, resulting in enhanced electrical conductivity and overall functional performance.

[0036] Beyond its conductive properties, ZnO is also recognized for its remarkable thermal stability, able to withstand high temperatures without degradation. This feature makes it a promising material for applications that demand durability under heat stress, such as in thermal management or heating films. What sets ZnO apart is its environmentally sustainable characteristics—it is non-toxic, renewable, and widely used in green chemistry processes. The mature manufacturing techniques of ZnO further reduce the environmental burden associated with its production, making it a highly suitable choice for eco-conscious industrial applications.

[0037] Titanium dioxide (TiO2) shares similar sustainability benefits. It is non-toxic and chemically stable, widely employed in environmentally friendly applications such as photocatalysis and eco-coatings. While TiCE has proven itself effective in numerous green technologies, its potential in thermal and conductive composites has not been fully realized. Surprisingly, when combined with ZnO, TiOz's properties are synergistically enhanced, leading to composite materials that offer superior thermal resistance, conductivity, and overall stability.

[0038] In summary, the unexpected combination of titanium dioxide (TiCE), titanium tetrachloride (TiCE), and zinc oxide (ZnO) advantageously enhances the thermal conversion efficiency and heating stability of electrothermal films. This synergistic effect achieves remarkable improvements in both thermal performance and durability.

[0039] In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing an electrothermal film is provided. The method comprises the following steps: solution preparation, addition of further materials, spraying process, and high-temperature sintering. Each of these steps is performed in sequence to produce an electrothermal film with desirable uniformity and conductive properties.

[0040] In detail, the solution preparation step involves dissolving tin tetrachloride (SnCh), titanium tetrachloride (TiCU), and nickel chloride (NiCh) in absolute ethanol. These materials are added in predetermined parts by weight to form a precursor solution tailored to the desired properties of the final electrothermal film. The resulting solution is stirred at 200 revolutions per minute (rpm) using a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes to ensure uniform mixing of the components.

[0041] The stirring process is critical to achieving a homogeneous precursor solution. Specifically, the choice of 200 rpm is designed to strike a balance between effective mixing and preventing excessive shear forces that could potentially degrade the chemical integrity of the components, particularly the delicate titanium and tin compounds. At this stirring speed, the solutes are thoroughly dissolved, and any particles that might form are evenly distributed throughout the solvent, ensuring a consistent chemical composition. This uniformity is essential for the subsequent stages of the manufacturing process, such as coating and sintering, where inconsistencies in the precursor solution could lead to defects or variations in the electrothermal film’s performance.

[0042] The magnetic stirrer ensures continuous and efficient stirring without introducing mechanical contamination, which might occur if other stirring methods were used. Furthermore, this stirring method facilitates the dissolution of the salts into the ethanol, ensuring the solubility of the components, which would otherwise not fully dissolve at insufficient mixing speeds. Thus, this step is crucial for setting the foundation for a high-quality, homogeneous electrothermal film.

[0043] The addition of further materials step includes introducing zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) to the precursor solution. Once added, the solution undergoes further stirring for an additional 30 minutes to achieve a uniform dispersion of all components. This step ensures that zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are thoroughly distributed, contributing to the stability and performance of the subsequent coating layer.

[0044] The spraying process step entails pouring the prepared precursor solution into a low-pressure, high-atomization spray gun system. Compressed air at 0.2 megapascals (MPa) is used to atomize the solution and spray it evenly onto the surface of a preheated substrate, maintained at approximately 500-550°C. Preferably, a constant substrate temperature is maintained during the spraying process to ensure a uniform coating. The substrate is a ceramic material or a quartz material. The substrate is carefully selected to withstand the high temperatures required for coating. Constant substrate temperature is maintained throughout the spraying process to ensure uniform coating and adhesion.

[0045] Finally, in the high-temperature sintering step, the substrate with the sprayed precursor layer undergoes sintering at a specified temperature, for example, at 600-650°C for one hour. To prevent cracking due to thermal stress, the temperature should be gradually increased at the beginning of the sintering process and gradually decreased at the end. This process solidifies the electrothermal film, enhancing its conductivity and securing its adhesion to the substrate.

[0046] In the high-temperature sintering process, ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles demonstrate distinct chemical behaviors compared to SnCU and TiCh, yielding an increased surface area and improved interfacial adhesion. These nanoparticles not only fill the film layer's pores to enhance structural density but also utilize their intrinsic semiconductor properties to improve the film's electrical conductivity and thermal stability, effectively mitigating risks of layer detachment. This formulation facilitates the formation of a unique multiphase composite structure, where the synergistic effects of ZnO and TiO? under high-temperature conditions result in greater compactness and adhesion. This composite material achieves a remarkable density and robustness, delivering superior performance and durability in high-temperature applications. This unexpected synergy between ZnO and TiO? results in a film with superior thermal efficiency compared to existing electrothermal films using only one of these materials.

[0047] As shown in Figure 2, which is a schematic structural view of an electrothermal structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, the electrothermal structure can be obtained by the method for manufacturing an electrothermal film and applying electrodes as described earlier. Figure 1 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing an electrothermal structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] There is provided an electrothermal structure that can be obtained by the method for manufacturing an electrothermal film and applying electrodes, as described. The electrothermal structure comprises a substrate 200 that is coated with an electrothermal film 100. This electrothermal film 100 is composed of a conductive material capable of converting electrical energy into heat with high efficiency.

[0049] The electrothermal structure includes a first electrode 300 and a second electrode 300, which are positioned oppositely on the electrothermal film 100. The arrangement of the electrodes ensures that electrical current passes through the electrothermal film 100 when the structure is in operation, facilitating the generation of heat across the surface of the film.

[0050] In this configuration, the electrodes 300 are placed oppositely, meaning they are positioned on opposite sides or at opposing angles relative to the heating surface. This placement ensures a uniform current distribution, which is essential for achieving an even thermal output across the entire surface of the film 100.

[0051] By positioning the electrodes 300 in this way, the system minimizes local overheating and maximizes the efficiency of heat transfer. This arrangement allows for better control over the thermal distribution, preventing hot spots that could lead to material degradation or uneven performance. Additionally, this opposite electrode configuration promotes more uniform electric field distribution, which contributes to increased thermal efficiency and reduced energy loss.

[0052] Once the electrodes 300 are applied to the electrothermal film 100, the structure undergoes a sintering process, wherein the substrate 200 coated with the electrothermal film 100 and electrodes 300 is subjected to high temperature conditions. The sintering is performed at a temperature in the range of 700-750°C for 30 minutes, which ensures the creation of a robust bond between the electrothermal film 100 and the electrodes 300, enhancing the durability and performance of the electrothermal structure.

[0053] After the sintering process is complete, the structure is cooled to ambient temperature. This cooling allows the electrothermal structure to solidify, stabilizing the materials and preparing the structure for use in various applications.

[0054] The resulting electrothermal structure is characterized by its high thermal conductivity, reliable performance under repeated thermal cycles, and efficient conversion of electrical energy into heat, making it suitable for use in a wide range of heating applications.

[0055] Example 2 discussed above represents the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Using the solution composition specified in Example 2, multiple experiments were conducted, and the results are summarised in the table below: experiment number electrothermal conversion efficiency continuous working hours 1 96.90% >2000h 2 98.10% >2000h 3 97.40% >2000h 4 97.90% >2000h

[0056] As can be seen from the table above, these results validate the enhanced thermal conversion efficiency and durability of the electrothermal films produced by the methods described in the present invention. Indeed, each of the experiments conducted using the solution composition from Examples 1 to 4 consistently resulted in electrothermal conversion efficiencies greater than 96%. In contrast, the heating efficiency of the prior art typically remains below 90%, demonstrating the significant improvement achieved by this invention. Furthermore, the continuous working hours of the electrothermal films produced in this invention exceed 2000 hours, which is significantly longer than the films from the prior art, further confirming the superior performance and longevity of the films described herein.

[0057] The electrothermal structure can be utilized in a wide range of high-temperature applications. For instance, it can be applied in high-temperature water dispensers, coffee machines, steam irons, electric ovens, baking trays, flexible heating pads, and other devices that require efficient and reliable heat generation. These applications will benefit from the electrothermal structure’s enhanced thermal efficiency, stability, and durability, making it an ideal solution for systems that demand consistent and dependable heating performance.

[0058] With its high thermal stability and efficient energy conversion, this electrothermal structure is especially well-suited for applications where sustained, long-lasting heat generation is critical.

[0059] The present invention is not to be limited by the above-described aspects and embodiments, and that many variations are within the scope of the appended claims. The various aspects and embodiments may be combined if necessary and appropriate. The 5 drawings serve as exemplary illustrations of the invention only, to aid understanding of the invention.

Claims

1. A precursor solution of an electrothermal film, comprising following components in parts by weight:30-40 parts of Tin tetrachloride (SnCh), 15-25 parts of titanium tetrachloride (TiCh), 10-20 parts of zinc oxide (ZnO), 10-20 parts of titanium dioxide (TiCh), 2-8 parts of nickel chloride and 5-15 parts of absolute ethanol.

2. The precursor solution of the electrothermal film according to claim 1, comprising following components in parts by weight:35 parts of Tin tetrachloride (SnCh), 20 parts of titanium tetrachloride (TiCh), 15 parts of zinc oxide (ZnO), 15 parts of titanium dioxide (TiO:), 5 parts of nickel chloride (NiCh) and 10 parts of absolute ethanol.

3. The precursor solution of the electrothermal film according to claim 1, comprising following components in parts by weight:30 parts of Tin tetrachloride (SnCh), 15 parts of titanium tetrachloride (TiCh), 10 parts of zinc oxide (ZnO), 10 parts of titanium dioxide (TiO2), 2 parts of nickel chloride (NiCk) and 5 parts of absolute ethanol.

4. The precursor solution of the electrothermal film according to claim 1, comprising following components in parts by weight:40 parts of Tin tetrachloride (SnCh), 25 parts of titanium tetrachloride (TiCh), 20 parts of zinc oxide (ZnO), 20 parts of titanium dioxide (TiO2), 8 parts of nickel chloride (NiCk) and 15 parts of absolute ethanol.

5. A method for preparing an electrothermal film, comprising following steps:dissolving tin tetrachloride (SnCh), titanium tetrachloride (TiCh), zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), and nickel chloride (NiCk) into absolute ethanol to obtain a precursor solution;heating a substrate;spraying the precursor solution onto the preheated substrate;sintering the substrate;cooling to ambient temperature to obtain the electrothermal film; andwherein the precursor solution comprises following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of Tin tetrachloride (SnCh), 15-25 parts of titanium tetrachloride (TiCh), 10-20 parts of zinc oxide (ZnO), 10-20 parts of titanium dioxide (TiO2), 2-8 parts of nickel chloride (NiCk) and 5-15 parts of absolute ethanol.

6. The method for preparing the electrothermal film according to claim 5, wherein the step of sintering the coated substrate is performed at a temperature of 600-650°C.

7. The method for preparing the electrothermal film according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the substrate is heated to a temperature of 5OO-55O°C.

8. The method for preparing the electrothermal film according to any of claims 5 to 7, wherein the step of dissolving tin tetrachloride (SnCh), titanium tetrachloride (TiCh), zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), and nickel chloride (NiCk) into absolute ethanol to obtain a precursor solution comprises:dissolving tin tetrachloride (SnCU), titanium tetrachloride (TiCh), and nickel chloride (NiCk) into absolute ethanol to obtain a solution;stirring the solution; andadding zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) and continuing to stir to obtain the precursor solution.

9. The method for preparing the electrothermal film according to any of claims 5 to 8, wherein the step of spraying the precursor solution onto the preheated substrate comprises pouring the solution into a spray gun system.

10. The method for preparing the electrothermal film according to claim 9, wherein compressed air at 0.2 MPa is used in the spray gun system.

11. The method for preparing the electrothermal film according to any of claims 5 to 10, wherein the precursor solution comprises following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of Tin tetrachloride (SnCh), 20 parts of titanium tetrachloride (TiCU), 15 parts of zinc oxide (ZnO), 15 parts of titanium dioxide (TiOa), 5 parts of nickel chloride (NiCk) and 10 parts of absolute ethanol.

12. The method for preparing the electrothermal film according to any of claims 5 to 11, wherein the substrate is a ceramic material or a quartz material.

13. A method for manufacturing an electrothermal structure, comprising:preparing an electrothermal film using the method according to any one of claims 5 to 12;applying a first electrode and a second electrode onto the electrothermal film, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are arranged oppositely;sintering the substrate coated with the electrothermal film, the first electrode and the second electrode; andcooling to ambient temperature to obtain the electrothermal structure.

14. The method for manufacturing the electrothermal structure, wherein the step of sintering the substrate coated with the electrothermal film, the first electrode and the second electrode is performed at a temperature of 700-750°C.

15. An electrothermal structure, comprising:a substrate;an electrothermal film, wherein the electrothermal film is formed on the substrate;an electrode, wherein the electrode is formed on the electrothermal film; andwherein the electrothermal film comprises following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of Tin tetrachloride (SnCh), 15-25 parts of titanium tetrachloride (TiCh), 10-20 parts of zinc oxide (ZnO), 10-20 parts of titanium dioxide (TiCh), 2-8 parts of nickel chloride (NiCh) and 5-15 parts of absolute ethanol.

16. A heating device, comprising an electrothermal structure of claim 15.

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