Humanized Anti-c5 antibodies and uses thereof

Abstract

To inhibit the complement signaling using an anti-C5 antibody.SOLUTION: Specifically, the invention relates to methods of treating a complement-mediated disease or complement-mediated disorder in an individual by contacting the individual with an anti-C5 antibody.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 727,666, filed September 6, 2018, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 837,833, filed April 24, 2019, each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0002] STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT This invention was made with Government support funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under NIH Grant Nos. AI085596 and AI117410. The Government has certain rights in this invention. [Background technology]

[0003] The complement system is part of innate immunity that plays a key role in host defense. However, activated complement can also cause significant tissue damage and destruction, and dysregulation of complement activity has been found to be associated with many rare and common diseases, including paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), atypical hemolytic uraemic syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and age-related macular degeneration. Anti-complement therapy is therefore a promising avenue to treat these disorders in humans.

[0004] Complement C5 is a critical protein in the terminal pathway of complement activation and serves as a precursor protein to generate the potent proinflammatory mediator C5a and the cytolytic membrane attack complex (MAC).

[0005] Many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in humans are mediated by C5a and / or MAC, so blocking C5 activation should be therapeutic by preventing the generation of C5a and MAC. Eculizumab, a humanized murine anti-human C5 mAb, has been used to treat two complement-mediated diseases, namely paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and atypical hemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS). However, not all PNH patients respond to treatment with eculizumab. One reason for this is that genetic polymorphisms in human C5 result in loss of the epitope that binds to eculizumab. In addition, due to the large plasma concentrations of C5 and the rapid target-mediated clearance of the antibody, eculizumab must be administered to patients at high doses and frequently.

[0006] Thus, there is a need in the art for anti-human C5 mAbs with longer half-lives that inhibit terminal complement activity through a different mechanism and a different contact site on the surface of C5, thereby making complement-dependent pathologies more effective and easier to treat. The present invention addresses these and other needs. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In one embodiment, the invention includes an antibody that specifically binds to C5. In one embodiment, C5 is human C5. In one embodiment, the antibody is a monoclonal antibody. In one embodiment, the antibody is a humanized antibody. In one embodiment, the antibody is a chimeric antibody. In one embodiment, the antibody is a full-length antibody. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment, non-limiting examples of which include Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv. In some embodiments, the antibody is part of a construct (e.g., a fusion construct comprising an antibody and a targeting or effector moiety). In some embodiments, the antibody is part of a conjugate construct (such as an antibody-drug conjugate construct).

[0008] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody exhibits pH-dependent binding to C5. In some embodiments, the pH-dependent anti-C5 antibody binds more strongly to C5 at a more neutral pH (e.g., a pH of about 7.4 as found in blood) compared to a more acidic pH (e.g., a pH of about 5.8 as found in endosomes). In some embodiments, the pH-dependent anti-C5 antibody dissociates more rapidly from C5 at a more acidic pH (e.g., a pH of about 5.8 as found in endosomes) compared to a more neutral pH (e.g., a pH of about 7.4 as found in blood).

[0009] In one embodiment, the pH-dependent anti-C5 antibody comprises at least one CDR selected from the group consisting of: VH-CDR1 comprising a variant of SEQ ID NO:3 having at least one substitution relative to SEQ ID NO:3; VH-CDR2 comprising a variant of SEQ ID NO:4 having at least one substitution relative to SEQ ID NO:4; VH-CDR3 comprising a variant of SEQ ID NO:5 having at least one substitution relative to SEQ ID NO:5; VL-CDR1 comprising a variant of SEQ ID NO:8 having at least one substitution relative to SEQ ID NO:8; VL-CDR2 comprising a variant of SEQ ID NO:9 having at least one substitution relative to SEQ ID NO:9; and VL-CDR3 comprising a variant of SEQ ID NO:10 having at least one substitution relative to SEQ ID NO:10, and specifically binds to human C5.

[0010] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises at least one CDR selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 3; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 4; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 11, or one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises as CDRs VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 3; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 4; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 11, or one or more variants thereof.

[0011] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, or one or more variants thereof.

[0012] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises at least one CDR selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 3; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 4; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 14; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises as CDRs VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 3; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 4; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 14; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

[0013] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16, or one or more variants thereof.

[0014] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises at least one CDR selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 17; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 4; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises as CDRs VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 17; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 4; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

[0015] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, or one or more variants thereof.

[0016] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises at least one CDR selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 20; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 4; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises as CDRs VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 20; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 4; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

[0017] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or one or more variants thereof.

[0018] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises at least one CDR selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 3; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 26; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 29, or one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises as CDRs VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 3; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 26; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 29, or one or more variants thereof.

[0019] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31, or one or more variants thereof.

[0020] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises at least one CDR selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 3; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 34; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises as CDRs VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 3; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 34; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

[0021] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, or one or more variants thereof.

[0022] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises at least one CDR selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 37; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 38; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 39; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises as CDRs VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 37; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 38; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 39; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

[0023] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or one or more variants thereof.

[0024] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises at least one CDR selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 42; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 43; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 44; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises as CDRs VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 42; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 43; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 44; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

[0025] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 46, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 46 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or one or more variants thereof.

[0026] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises at least one CDR selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 47; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 48; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 49; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises as CDRs VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 47; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 48; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 49; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

[0027] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or one or more variants thereof.

[0028] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises at least one CDR selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 52; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 53; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 54; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises as CDRs VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 52; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 53; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 54; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

[0029] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or one or more variants thereof.

[0030] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises at least one CDR selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 47; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 57; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 49; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises as CDRs VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 47; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 57; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 49; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

[0031] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or one or more variants thereof.

[0032] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises at least one CDR selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 37; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 62; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 39; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises as CDRs VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 37; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 62; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 39; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

[0033] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or one or more variants thereof.

[0034] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises at least one CDR selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 42; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 65; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 44; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10; or one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises as CDRs VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 42; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 65; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 44; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

[0035] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or one or more variants thereof.

[0036] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises at least one CDR selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 52; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 68; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 54; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises as CDRs VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 52; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 68; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 54; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

[0037] In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or one or more variants thereof.

[0038] In various embodiments, any of the antibodies described herein having any of the variable regions described herein can comprise an Fc fragment or Fc domain. For example, in some embodiments, the antibodies described herein comprise an Fc fragment of an immunoglobulin. Non-limiting examples of representative immunoglobulins include IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgM, IgA, IgE, and IgD. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc with a S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32. In one embodiment, the human IgG4 Fc with a S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc with a S108P mutation, a M308L mutation, and a N314A mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32. In one embodiment, a human IgG4 Fc having S108P, M308L and N314A mutations relative to SEQ ID NO:32 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:61.

[0039] In one embodiment, the antibody is at least one selected from the group consisting of mAb L3-1, mAb L1-2, mAb H1-4, mAb H1-8 / L1-9, mAb H2-6 / L3-5, hi one embodiment, the antibody is a variation of mAb H1-8 / L-1-9.

[0040] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a substitution of a proline residue at position 4 in VH CDR2 (i.e., P4) relative to SEQ ID NO: 4. In various embodiments, the substitution at position P4 is P4→F4 (i.e., P4F), P4→L4 (i.e., P4L), P4→M4 (i.e., P4M), P4→W4 (i.e., P4W), or P4→I4 (i.e., P4I).

[0041] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a substitution of a threonine residue at position 9 (i.e., T9) in VH CDR2 relative to SEQ ID NO: 4. In various embodiments, the substitution at position T9 is T9→H9 (i.e., T9H), T9→F9 (i.e., T9F), T9→L9 (i.e., T9L), T9→M9 (i.e., T9M), T9→W9 (i.e., T9W), or T9→I9 (i.e., T9I).

[0042] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a substitution of a proline residue at position 4 in VH CDR2 relative to SEQ ID NO: 4 (i.e., P4) and a substitution of a threonine residue at position 9 in VH CDR2 relative to SEQ ID NO: 4 (i.e., T9). In various embodiments, the substitution at position P4 is P4→F4 (i.e., P4F), P4→L4 (i.e., P4L), P4→M4 (i.e., P4M), P4→W4 (i.e., P4W), P4→I4 (i.e., P4I); and the substitution at position T9 is T9→H9 (i.e., T9H), T9→F9 (i.e., T9F), T9→L9 (i.e., T9L), T9→M9 (i.e., T9M), T9→W9 (i.e., T9W), T9→I9 (i.e., T9I).

[0043] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a substitution of a valine residue at position 16 (i.e., V16) within the VH CDR3 relative to SEQ ID NO: 5. In various embodiments, the substitution at position V16 is V16→F16 (i.e., V16F), V16→E16 (i.e., V16E), or V16→W16 (i.e., V16W).

[0044] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a substitution of a leucine residue at position 9 (i.e., L9) in VH CDR1 relative to SEQ ID NO: 20. In various embodiments, the substitution at position L9 is any of L9→W9 (i.e., L9W), L9→I9 (i.e., L9I), L9→V9 (i.e., L9V), L9→Y9 (i.e., L9Y), or L9→F9 (i.e., L9F).

[0045] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises substitutions at two or more positions of the group consisting of proline 4 (i.e., P4) in VH-CDR2 relative to SEQ ID NO:4, threonine 9 (i.e., T9) in VH-CDR2 relative to SEQ ID NO:4, valine 16 (i.e., V16) in VH-CDR3 relative to SEQ ID NO:5, and leucine 9 (i.e., L9) in VH-CDR1 relative to SEQ ID NO:20. In various embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising a substitution at two or more of the following positions is selected from the group consisting of Proline 4 (i.e., P4) in VH-CDR2 for SEQ ID NO:4, Threonine 9 (i.e., T9) in VH-CDR2 for SEQ ID NO:4, Valine 16 (i.e., V16) in VH-CDR3 for SEQ ID NO:5, and Leucine 9 (i.e., L9) in VH-CDR1 for SEQ ID NO:20, including L9I / P4M, L9I / P4W, L9I / P4F, L9F / P4M, L9F / P4W, L9F / P4F, L9I / P4M / V16W, L9I / P4W / V16W, L9I / P4F / V16W, L9F / P4M / V16W, L9F / P4W / V16W, L9F / P4F / V16W , L9I / P4M / V16E, L9I / P4W / V16E, L9I / P4F / V16E, L9F / P4M / V16E, L9F / P4W / V16E, L9F / P4F / V16 E, L9I / P4M / T9H / V16W, L9I / P4W / T9H / V16W, L9I / P4F / T9H / V16W, L9F / P4M / T9H / V16W, L9F / P4W / and L9F / P4F / T9H / V16E.

[0046] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method of treating a complement pathway mediated disease or disorder in an individual, comprising administering to the individual a claimed anti-C5 antibody. In one embodiment, the disease or disorder is macular degeneration (MD), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), ischemia-reperfusion injury, arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, allergic asthma, lupus, ulcerative colitis, stroke, postoperative systemic inflammatory syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) syndrome, myasthenia gravis, neuromyelitis optica (NMO), multiple sclerosis, delayed graft function, antibody mediated rejection, atypical hemolytic uraemia (aHUS) syndrome, central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), retinal vascular endothelial cell carcinoma (VE) syndrome, retinal vein occlusion (RVO), retinal vascular endothelial cell carcinoma (RV ... The AP-dependent disease is at least selected from the group consisting of cardiac artery atresia (CRAO), epidermolysis bullosa, sepsis, organ transplantation, inflammation (non-limiting examples of which include inflammation associated with cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and renal dialysis), C3 nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, glomerulonephritis (non-limiting examples of which include antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-mediated glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, and combinations thereof), ANCA-associated vasculitis, Shiga toxin-induced HUS, and antiphospholipid antibody-induced abortion, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the AP-dependent disease is C3 nephropathy. In some embodiments, the AP-dependent disease is macular degeneration (such as age-related macular degeneration). In one embodiment, administration of anti-C5 antibody suppresses production of C5a protein or C5b protein.

[0047] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method of reducing the activity of the complement system in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an antibody via a route of administration selected from the group consisting of enteral administration, parenteral administration, and combinations thereof, the antibody comprising six complementarity determining regions having the following amino acid sequences: VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 3; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 4; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or comprising one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0048] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method of reducing the activity of the complement system in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an antibody via a route of administration selected from the group consisting of enteral administration, parenteral administration, and combinations thereof, the antibody comprising six complementarity determining regions having the following amino acid sequences: VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 3; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 4; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 11, or comprising one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0049] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method of reducing the activity of the complement system in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an antibody via a route of administration selected from the group consisting of enteral administration, parenteral administration, and combinations thereof, the antibody comprising six complementarity determining regions having the following amino acid sequences: VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 3; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 4; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 14; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or comprising one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0050] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method of reducing the activity of the complement system in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an antibody via a route of administration selected from the group consisting of enteral administration, parenteral administration, and combinations thereof, the antibody comprising six complementarity determining regions having the following amino acid sequences: VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 17; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 4; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or comprising one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0051] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method of reducing the activity of the complement system in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an antibody via a route of administration selected from the group consisting of enteral administration, parenteral administration, and combinations thereof, the antibody comprising six complementarity determining regions having the following amino acid sequences: VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO:20; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:4; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO:5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO:23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO:10, or comprising one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0052] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method of reducing the activity of the complement system in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an antibody via a route of administration selected from the group consisting of enteral administration, parenteral administration, and combinations thereof, the antibody comprising six complementarity determining regions having the following amino acid sequences: VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 3; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 26; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 29, or comprising one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0053] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method of reducing the activity of the complement system in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an antibody via a route of administration selected from the group consisting of enteral administration, parenteral administration, and combinations thereof, the antibody comprising six complementarity determining regions having the following amino acid sequences: VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 37; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 38; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 39; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or comprising one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0054] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method of reducing the activity of the complement system in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an antibody via a route of administration selected from the group consisting of enteral administration, parenteral administration, and combinations thereof, the antibody comprising six complementarity determining regions having the following amino acid sequences: VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 42; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 43; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 44; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or comprising one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0055] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method of reducing the activity of the complement system in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an antibody via a route of administration selected from the group consisting of enteral administration, parenteral administration, and combinations thereof, the antibody comprising six complementarity determining regions having the following amino acid sequences: VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 47; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 48; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 49; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or comprising one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0056] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method of reducing the activity of the complement system in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an antibody via a route of administration selected from the group consisting of enteral administration, parenteral administration, and combinations thereof, the antibody comprising six complementarity determining regions having the following amino acid sequences: VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 52; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 53; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 54; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or comprising one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0057] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method of reducing the activity of the complement system in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an antibody via a route of administration selected from the group consisting of enteral administration, parenteral administration, and combinations thereof, the antibody comprising six complementarity determining regions having the following amino acid sequences: VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 47; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 57; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 49; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or comprising one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0058] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method of reducing the activity of the complement system in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an antibody via a route of administration selected from the group consisting of enteral administration, parenteral administration, and combinations thereof, the antibody comprising six complementarity determining regions having the following amino acid sequences: VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 37; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 62; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 39; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or comprising one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0059] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method of reducing the activity of the complement system in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an antibody via a route of administration selected from the group consisting of enteral administration, parenteral administration, and combinations thereof, the antibody comprising six complementarity determining regions having the following amino acid sequences: VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 42; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 65; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 44; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or comprising one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0060] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method of reducing the activity of the complement system in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an antibody via a route of administration selected from the group consisting of enteral administration, parenteral administration, and combinations thereof, the antibody comprising six complementarity determining regions having the following amino acid sequences: VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 52; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 68; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 54; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or comprising one or more variants thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0061] In some embodiments, the invention is an antibody against human C5, the antibody having a heavy chain variable (vH) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 2, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0062] In some embodiments, the invention is an antibody against human C5, the antibody having a light chain variable (vL) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 7, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0063] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, which has a heavy chain variable (vH) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 2, and a light chain variable (vL) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 7. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0064] In some embodiments, the invention is an antibody against human C5, the antibody having a light chain variable (vL) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 13, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0065] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, which has a heavy chain variable (vH) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 2, and a light chain variable (vL) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 13. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0066] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, which has a light chain variable (vL) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 16. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0067] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, which has a heavy chain variable (vH) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 2, and a light chain variable (vL) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 16. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0068] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, which has a heavy chain variable (vH) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 19. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0069] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, the antibody having a light chain variable (vL) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 7. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0070] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, which has a heavy chain variable (vH) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 19, and a light chain variable (vL) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 7. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0071] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, which has a heavy chain variable (vH) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 22. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0072] In one embodiment, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, which has a light chain variable (vL) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 25. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0073] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, which has a heavy chain variable (vH) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 22, and a light chain variable (vL) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 25. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0074] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, which has a heavy chain variable (vH) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 28. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0075] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, which has a light chain variable (vL) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 31. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0076] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, which has a heavy chain variable (vH) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 28, and a light chain variable (vL) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 31. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0077] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, which has a heavy chain variable (vH) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 41. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0078] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, which has a heavy chain variable (vH) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 41, and a light chain variable (vL) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 25. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0079] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, the antibody having a heavy chain variable (vH) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 46. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0080] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, which has a heavy chain variable (vH) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 46, and a light chain variable (vL) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 25. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0081] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, which has a heavy chain variable (vH) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 51. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0082] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, which has a heavy chain variable (vH) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 51, and a light chain variable (vL) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 25. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0083] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, the antibody having a heavy chain variable (vH) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 56. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0084] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, which has a heavy chain variable (vH) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 56, and a light chain variable (vL) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 25. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0085] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, the antibody having a heavy chain variable (vH) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 59. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0086] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, which has a heavy chain variable (vH) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 59, and a light chain variable (vL) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 25. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0087] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, which has a heavy chain variable (vH) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 64. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0088] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, which has a heavy chain variable (vH) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 64, and a light chain variable (vL) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 25. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0089] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, which has a heavy chain variable (vH) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 67. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0090] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, which has a heavy chain variable (vH) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 67, and a light chain variable (vL) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 25. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0091] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, the antibody having a heavy chain variable (vH) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 70. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0092] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, which has a heavy chain variable (vH) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 70, and a light chain variable (vL) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 25. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0093] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, which has an Fc fragment having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 32. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0094] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, which has an Fc fragment having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 33. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0095] In some embodiments, the invention relates to an antibody against human C5, which has an Fc fragment having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%) to SEQ ID NO: 61. In one embodiment, the antibody is an antibody fragment selected from the group consisting of Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, scFv, and combinations thereof.

[0096] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a cell comprising at least one of the antibodies described elsewhere herein. In some embodiments, the cell produces at least one of the antibodies described elsewhere herein. In one embodiment, the cell is a hybridoma.

[0097] In one embodiment, the invention relates to a cell line comprising at least one of the antibodies described elsewhere herein. In some embodiments, the cell line produces at least one of the antibodies described elsewhere herein. In some embodiments, the cell line is a hybridoma cell line.

[0098] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a genetically modified non-human animal. In one embodiment, the genetically modified non-human animal expresses human C5. In one embodiment, the genetically modified non-human animal is a rodent. In one embodiment, the genetically modified non-human animal is a mouse. In one embodiment, the genetically modified non-human animal is a NOD / SCID mouse. In one embodiment, the genetically modified non-human animal is an FcRn / SCID mouse.

[0099] In addition to the above summary, the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be better understood when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention should not be understood as being limited to the detailed steps and instrumentalities of the embodiments shown in the drawings. The drawings are as follows: [Brief description of the drawings]

[0100] [Figure 1] Figure 1 shows the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the humanized variable heavy chain (VH) of mAb 2G1 (humanized 2G1 VH-11801) and the humanized variable light chain (VL) of mAb 2G1 (humanized 2G1 VL-1901). Humanization was achieved by grafting the CDRs from murine mAb 2G1 VH into the germline-encoded human VH frame (11801) and the CDRs from murine mAb 2G1 VL into the germline-encoded human VL frame (1901). The amino acid sequence of the signal peptide is underlined and the amino acid sequences of CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 are bolded and shaded. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 shows the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of humanized VH-11801 and humanized VL-1901 with a Q→H substitution in VL-CDR3 for mAb L3-1. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 shows the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of humanized VH-11801 and humanized VL-1901 with a T→H substitution in VL-CDR1 for mAb L1-2. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 shows the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of humanized VH-11801 and humanized VL-1901 having an I→H substitution in VH-CDR1 for mAb H1-4. [Diagram 5] Figure 5 shows the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of humanized VH-11801 having an N→H substitution in VH-CDR1 and humanized VL-1901 having a Y→H substitution in VL-CDR1 for mAb H1-8 / L1-9. [Figure 6] Figure 6 shows the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of mAb H2-6 / L3-5, humanized VH-11801 with a Y→H substitution in VH-CDR2, and humanized VL-1901 with an E→H substitution in VL-CDR3. [Figure 7]FIG. 7 shows Octet traces of the binding and dissociation of parental humanized mAb 11801 (VH-11801 (SEQ ID NO: 2) and VL-1901 (SEQ ID NO: 7)) to C5 at pH 5.8 and pH 7.4. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 shows Octet traces of the association and dissociation of C5 with mAb L3-1 at pH 5.8 and pH 7.4. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 shows Octet traces of the association and dissociation of C5 with mAb L1-2 at pH 5.8 and pH 7.4. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 shows Octet traces of the association and dissociation of C5 with mAb H1-4 at pH 5.8 and pH 7.4. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 shows Octet traces of the association and dissociation of C5 with mAb H2-6 / L3-5 at pH 5.8 and pH 7.4. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 shows Octet traces of the association and dissociation of C5 with mAb H1-8 / L1-9 at pH 5.8 and pH 7.4. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 shows the results of a classical complement-related pathway sheep red blood cell lysis assay to evaluate the C5 inhibitory effect of parental humanized mAb 11801 (VH-11801 (SEQ ID NO: 2) and VL-1901 (SEQ ID NO: 7)) and its variants mAb L1-2, mAb L3-1, and mAb H2-6 / L3-5. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 shows the results of a classical complement-related pathway sheep red blood cell lysis assay to evaluate the C5 inhibitory effects of parental humanized mAb 11801 (VH-11801 (sequence number 2) and VL-1901 (sequence number 7)) and variant mAb H1-8 / L1-9. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 shows the results of a classical complement-related pathway sheep red blood cell lysis assay to assess the C5 inhibitory effects of parental humanized mAb 11801 (VH-11801 (SEQ ID NO: 2) and VL-1901 (SEQ ID NO: 7)) and variant mAb H1-4 and mAb L3-1. [Figure 16]Figure 16 shows the results of an ELISA assay evaluating the levels of human C5 in the plasma of NOD / SCID mice genetically modified to express human C5. M1, M3, M4, and M5 represent four representative mice. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 shows the results of an assay assessing the levels of human IgG4 in plasma following injection of either mAb H1-4, mAb H1-8 / L1-9, mAb H2-6 / L3-5, mAb L3-1, or mAb L1-2 into NOD / SCID mice genetically modified to express human C5. [Figure 18] FIG. 18 shows the results of a classical complement-related pathway chicken red blood cell assay to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of the parental humanized mAb 2G1 (VH-11801 (sequence number 2) and VL-1901 (sequence number 7)) in NOD / SCID mice genetically modified to express human C5. [Figure 19] FIG. 19 shows the results of a classical complement-related pathway chicken red blood cell assay to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of mAb L3-1, mAb L1-2, mAb H1-4, mAb H1-8 / L1-9, mAb H2-6 / L3-5 in NOD / SCID mice genetically modified to express human C5. [Figure 20]FIG. 20 shows the results of an ELISA assay demonstrating that binding to C5 of mAb H1-8 / L1-9 ScFV variants with at least one substitution at Leucine 9 (i.e., L9) position in VH CDR1 relative to SEQ ID NO:20, and / or at Proline 4 (i.e., P4) position in VH CDR2 relative to SEQ ID NO:4, and / or at Valine 16 (i.e., V16) position in VH CDR3 relative to SEQ ID NO:5 (L9→W9 (i.e., L9W), L9→I9 (i.e., L9I), L9→V9 (i.e., L9V), L9→Y9 (i.e., L9Y), L9→F9 (i.e., L9F), P4→F4 (i.e., P4F), P4→L4 (i.e., P4L), P4→M4 (i.e., P4M), P4 → W4 (i.e. P4W), P4 → I4 (i.e. P4I), V16 → F16 (i.e. V16F), V16 → E16 (i.e. V16E), V16 → W16 (i.e. V16W). Binding of mAb H1-8 / L1-9 ScFV variants is shown in column 3 (OD450) and column 4 (OD450 confirmation), and binding of the parental mAb H1-8 / L1-9 ScFV is shown in column 8 (WT / OD450). [Figure 21]Figure 21 shows the results of an Octet assay evaluating the relative C5 binding affinity of mAb H1-8 / L1-9 ScFV variants expressed in Expi-CHO cells as human IgG4. The indicated H1-8 VH variants and L1-9 VL (SEQ ID NO: 23) were transfected into Expi-CHO cells and cell culture supernatants were evaluated 2 days after transfection. For a given cell culture supernatant, the ratio of C5 binding response to antibody binding response was calculated and used as an index of C5 binding affinity. Shown in this figure are ratios calculated from two separate Octet assays of one transfection experiment with mAb H1-8 / L1-9 IgG4 variants with at least one substitution at Leucine 9 (i.e. L9) position in VH CDR1 relative to SEQ ID NO:20, and / or at Proline 4 (i.e. P4) position in VH CDR2 relative to SEQ ID NO:4, and / or at Valine 16 (i.e. V16) position in VH CDR3 relative to SEQ ID NO:5 (L9→W9 (i.e. L9W), L9→I9 (i.e. L9I), L9→V9 (i.e. L9V), i.e. L9→Y9 (i.e. L9Y), L9→F9 (i.e. L9F), P4→F4 (i.e. P4F), P4→L4 (i.e. P4L), P4→M4 (i.e. P4M), P4 → W4 (i.e. P4W), P4 → I4 (i.e. P4I), V16 → F16 (i.e. V16F), V16 → E16 (i.e. V16E), V16 → W16 (i.e. V16W)). [Figure 22]Figure 22 shows the results of an Octet assay evaluating the rate of dissociation of C5 with mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variants at pH 7.4 and pH 5.8, respectively. After switching from the association phase to the dissociation phase, the percent reduction from the peak C5 binding response at pH 7.4 and pH 5.8 was calculated for each mAb. Shown in this figure are the calculated % reductions in two separate Octet assays of one transfection experiment with mAb H1-8 / L1-9 IgG4 variants with at least one substitution at Leucine 9 (i.e. L9) position in VH CDR1 relative to SEQ ID NO:20, and / or at Proline 4 (i.e. P4) position in VH CDR2 relative to SEQ ID NO:4, and / or at Valine 16 (i.e. V16) position in VH CDR3 relative to SEQ ID NO:5 (L9→W9 (i.e. L9W), L9→I9 (i.e. L9I), L9→V9 (i.e. L9V), i.e. L9→Y9 (i.e. L9Y), L9→F9 (i.e. L9F), P4→F4 (i.e. P4F), P4→L4 (i.e. P4L), P4→M4 (i.e. P4M), P4 → W4 (i.e. P4W), P4 → I4 (i.e. P4I), V16 → F16 (i.e. V16F), V16 → E16 (i.e. V16E), V16 → W16 (i.e. V16W)). [Figure 23]FIG. 23 lists the 18 substitution combination variants (i.e., L9I / P4M, L9I / P4W, L9I / P4F, L9F / P4M, L9F / P4W, L9F / P4F, L9I / P4M / V16W, L9I / P4W / V16W, L9I / P4F / V16W, L9F / P4M / V16W, L9F / P4W / V16W, L9F / P4F / V16W, L9I / P4M / V16E, L9I / P4W / V16E, L9I / P4F / V16E, L9F / P4M / V16E, L9F / P4W / V16E, L9F / P4F / V16E). These substitution combination variants were derived from seven single variants of mAb H1-8 / L1-9 IgG4 (i.e., L9I, L9F, P4M, P4W, P4F, V16E, V16W) and showed improved C5 binding affinity compared to the parental mAb H1-8 / L1-9 while maintaining the difference between the dissociation rates at pH 7.4 and pH 5.8 (see Figures 21 and 22). [Figure 24] Figure 24 shows the results of an Octet assay evaluating the relative C5 binding affinity of mAb H1-8 / L1-9 substitution combination variants expressed in Expi-CHO cells as human IgG4. Expi-CHO cells were transfected with H1-8 VH substitution combination variants and cell culture supernatants were evaluated 2 days after transfection. For a given cell culture supernatant, the ratio of C5 binding response to antibody binding response was calculated and used as an index of C5 binding affinity. Shown in this figure are ratio values ​​calculated from a single transfection experiment with mAb H1-8 / L1-9 substitution combination variants L9I / P4M, L9I / P4W, L9I / P4F, L9F / P4M, L9F / P4W, L9F / P4F, L9I / P4M / V16W, L9I / P4W / V16W, L9I / P4F / V16W, L9F / P4M / V16W, L9F / P4W / V16W, L9F / P4F / V16W, L9I / P4M / V16E, L9I / P4W / V16E, L9I / P4F / V16E, L9F / P4M / V16E, L9F / P4W / V16E, L9F / P4F / V16E. [Diagram 25]Figure 25 shows the results of an Octet assay evaluating the rate of dissociation of C5 with mAb H1-8 / L1-9 substitution combination variants at pH 7.4 and pH 5.8, respectively. After switching from the association phase to the dissociation phase, the percent reduction from the peak C5 binding response at pH 7.4 and pH 5.8 was calculated for each mAb. Shown in this figure are the calculated % reductions in one transfection experiment with mAb H1-8 / L1-9 IgG4 substitution combination variants L9I / P4M, L9I / P4W, L9I / P4F, L9F / P4M, L9F / P4W, L9F / P4F, L9I / P4M / V16W, L9I / P4W / V16W, L9I / P4F / V16W, L9F / P4M / V16W, L9F / P4W / V16W, L9F / P4F / V16W, L9I / P4M / V16E, L9I / P4W / V16E, L9I / P4F / V16E, L9F / P4M / V16E, L9F / P4W / V16E, L9F / P4F / V16E. [Figure 26] FIG. 26 shows the results of an experiment evaluating the affinity of C5 binding at pH 7.4 of additional scFv variants from the mAb 1819 affinity maturation experiment, including clone 14C6, which corresponds to a T→H mutation at position 9 in VH CDR2. [Figure 27] FIG. 27 shows the results of an experiment evaluating the difference in C5 binding affinity at pH 7.4 and pH 5.8 of additional scFv variants from the mAb 1819 affinity maturation experiment, including clone 14C6, which corresponds to a T→H mutation at position 9 in VH CDR2. [Figure 28] Figure 28 shows the results of an experiment in which additional scFv variants from the mAb 1819 affinity maturation experiment were ranked according to their difference in binding at pH 7.4 and pH 5.8, and shows that clone 14C6 ranked highest among this panel of variants. Clone 14C6 corresponds to a T→H mutation at position 9 in VH CDR2. [Figure 29]FIG. 29 shows the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant IWW-VH (top), i.e., humanized VH-11801 with substitutions N→H and L→I in VH-CDR1, P→W in VH-CDR2, and V→W in VH-CDR3, as well as the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant IFW-VH (bottom), i.e., humanized VH-11801 with substitutions N→H and L→I in VH-CDR1, P→F in VH-CDR2, and V→W in VH-CDR3. [Diagram 30] Figure 30 shows the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant FME-VH (top), i.e., humanized VH-11801 with substitutions N→H and L→F in VH-CDR1, P→M in VH-CDR2, and V→E in VH-CDR3, as well as the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant FMW-VH (bottom), i.e., humanized VH-11801 with substitutions N→H and L→F in VH-CDR1, P→M in VH-CDR2, and V→W in VH-CDR3. [Diagram 31] FIG. 31 shows the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant FMEH-VH, i.e., humanized VH-11801, with substitutions N→H and L→F in VH-CDR1, P→M and T→H in VH-CDR2, and V→E in VH-CDR3. [Diagram 32] FIG. 32 shows Octet traces of the association and dissociation of C5 with mAb H1-8 / L1-9, mAb FMW, mAb IFW, mAb FME, and mAb IWW at pH 5.8 and pH 7.4. [Diagram 33] Figure 33 shows the percentage of dissociation of the binding between C5 and mAb VH-11801, mAb H1-8 / L1-9, mAb FMW, mAb IFW, mAb FME, and mAb IWW at pH 7.4 and pH 5.8. [Diagram 34]FIG. 34 shows the results of a classical complement-related pathway sheep red blood cell lysis assay to evaluate the C5 inhibitory effect of the parent humanized mAb H1-8 / L1-9 (VH-11801 (SEQ ID NO: 22) and VL-1901 (SEQ ID NO: 25)) and its variants IFW PLA (VH-11801 (SEQ ID NO: 46) and VL-1901 (SEQ ID NO: 25)), FME PLA (VH-11801 (SEQ ID NO: 51) and VL-1901 (SEQ ID NO: 25)), IWW PLA (VH-11801 (SEQ ID NO: 41) and VL-1901 (SEQ ID NO: 25)), FMW PLA (VH-11801 (SEQ ID NO: 56) and VL-1901 (SEQ ID NO: 25)). [Diagram 35] FIG. 35 shows Octet traces of the association and dissociation of C5 with mAb H1-8 / L1-9, mAb FME, mAb FMEH, mAb FMW, and mAb IFW at pH 5.8 and pH 7.4. [Diagram 36] FIG. 36 shows the pH-dependent binding of pure H1-8 / L1-9, FME, FMEH, FMW, and IFW at pH 5.8 and pH 7.4. [Figure 37] Figure 37 shows the results of a classical complement-related pathway sheep red blood cell lysis assay to evaluate the C5 inhibitory effect of parental humanized mAbs FME PLA (VH-11801 (SEQ ID NO: 51) and VL-1901 (SEQ ID NO: 25)), FMEH PLA (VH-11801 (SEQ ID NO: 59) and VL-1901 (SEQ ID NO: 25)), FMW PLA (VH-11801 (SEQ ID NO: 56) and VL-1901 (SEQ ID NO: 25)), and IFW PLA (VH-11801 (SEQ ID NO: 46) and VL-1901 (SEQ ID NO: 25)). [Figure 38] FIG. 38 shows the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the human IgG4-Fc domain mutants of C5 humanized FcRn / SCID mice. [Figure 39] FIG. 39 shows the results of plasma C5 in C5-humanized mice generated by hydrodynamic injection of human C5 cDNA. [Diagram 40]FIG. 40 shows the results of an assay assessing the levels of total C5 in plasma following injection of either mAb H1-8 / L1-9 IFW-PLA, mAb H1-8 / L1-9 FMW-PLA, or mAb H1-8 / L1-9 FMEH-PLA into FcRn / SCID mice genetically modified to express human C5. [Diagram 41] FIG. 41 shows the results of an assay assessing the levels of total IgG4 in plasma following injection of either mAb H1-8 / L1-9 IFW-PLA, mAb H1-8 / L1-9 FMW-PLA, or mAb H1-8 / L1-9 FMEH-PLA into FcRn / SCID mice genetically modified to express human C5. [Diagram 42] FIG. 42 shows the results of a classical complement-related pathway chicken red blood cell lysis assay to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of either mAb H1-8 / L1-9 IFW-PLA, mAb H1-8 / L1-9 FMW-PLA, or mAb H1-8 / L1-9 FMEH-PLA in FcRn / SCID mice genetically modified to express human C5. [Diagram 43] FIG. 43 shows the results of an assay assessing the levels of total hIgG4 in plasma following injection of mAb 11801 and mAb FMEH-PLA into FcRn / SCID mice genetically modified to express human C5. [Diagram 44] FIG. 44 shows the results of a classical complement-related pathway chicken red blood cell lysis assay to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of mAb 11801 and mAb FMEH-PLA in FcRn / SCID mice genetically modified to express human C5. [Diagram 45] FIG. 45 shows the results of an assay assessing the levels of total C5 in plasma following injection of mAb 11801 and mAb FMEH-PLA into FcRn / SCID mice genetically modified to express human C5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0101] The present invention relates to the inhibition of complement signaling using C5 antibodies. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibodies exhibit pH-dependent binding to C5. In some embodiments, the pH-dependent anti-C5 antibodies bind more strongly to C5 at a more neutral pH (e.g., a pH of about 7.4 as found in blood) compared to a more acidic pH (e.g., a pH of about 5.8 as found in endosomes). In various embodiments, the present invention is directed to compositions and methods for treating a complement-mediated disease or disorder in an individual by contacting the individual with an anti-C5 antibody. Non-limiting examples of complement-mediated diseases or disorders that can be treated using the compositions and methods of the present invention include macular degeneration (MD), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), ischemia-reperfusion injury, arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, ulcerative colitis, stroke, postoperative systemic inflammatory syndrome, asthma, allergic asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) syndrome, myasthenia gravis, neuromyelitis optica (NMO), multiple sclerosis, delayed graft function, antibody-mediated rejection, atypical hemolytic uremia (ADUR), and rheumatoid arthritis (HLA). aHUS (HUS) syndrome, central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), epidermolysis bullosa, sepsis, organ transplant, inflammation (non-limiting examples of which include inflammation associated with cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and renal dialysis), C3 nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, glomerulonephritis (non-limiting examples of which include antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-mediated glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, or a combination thereof), ANCA-associated vasculitis, Shiga toxin-induced HUS, antiphospholipid antibody-induced abortion, or any combination thereof.

[0102] definition

[0103] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, representative methods and materials are described herein.

[0104] As used herein, each of the following terms has the meaning associated with it in this section.

[0105] The article "a" is used herein to mean one or to more than one (i.e., to at least one) of the grammatical object of the article. For example, "an element" means one element or two or more elements.

[0106] The terms "inhibit" and "inhibition" refer to decreasing, suppressing, reducing, or preventing an activity or function by at least about 10% compared to a control value. In some embodiments, activity is inhibited or inhibited by at least about 50%. In some embodiments, activity is inhibited or inhibited by at least about 75%. In some embodiments, activity is inhibited or inhibited by at least about 95%.

[0107] The terms "effective amount" and "therapeutically effective amount" refer to an amount of an agent sufficient to provide a desired biological result, which may result in reduction and / or alleviation of the signs, symptoms, or causes of a disease or disorder, or any other desired change in a biological system. An appropriate effective amount in any individual can be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art using routine experimentation.

[0108] The terms "patient," "subject," "individual," and the like, are used interchangeably and in some embodiments refer to any animal, and in some embodiments humans, having a complement system, including humans in need of treatment for or susceptible to a condition or its sequelae. Individuals can include, for example, dogs, cats, pigs, cows, sheep, goats, horses, rats, monkeys, mice, and humans.

[0109] The term "abnormal," when used in the context of an organism, or tissue, or cell, or component thereof, means an organism, or tissue, or cell, or component thereof that differs in at least one observable or detectable characteristic (e.g., age, treatment, time of day, etc.) from an organism, or tissue, or cell, or component thereof that exhibits the "normal" (expected / homeostatic) respective characteristic. A normal or expected characteristic for one cell, or tissue type, or subject may be abnormal for a different cell or tissue type.

[0110] By "disease" is meant a health condition in which a subject is unable to maintain homeostasis, and if the disease is not ameliorated, the subject's health will continue to deteriorate.

[0111] By contrast, a "disorder" in a subject is a state of health in which the subject is able to maintain homeostasis, but in which the subject's health state is inferior to what it would be in the absence of the disorder. If left untreated, the disorder does not necessarily cause a further deterioration in the subject's health state.

[0112] A disease or disorder is "alleviated" if either or both of the severity of the signs or symptoms of the disease or disorder and the frequency with which the patient experiences such signs or symptoms are reduced.

[0113] An "effective amount" or "pharmaceutical effective amount" of a compound is the amount of the compound sufficient to provide a beneficial effect to the subject to which the compound is administered.

[0114] As used herein, "instructional material" includes publications, records, diagrams, or any other medium of expression that can be used to communicate that the compounds, or compositions, or vectors, or delivery systems of the invention in the kit are useful for alleviating various diseases or disorders referred to herein. Optionally, or alternatively, the instructional material can describe one or more methods of alleviating a disease or disorder of a mammalian cell or tissue. The instructional material of the kit of the invention can be, for example, attached to a container that contains an identified compound, or composition, or vector, or delivery system of the invention, or can be delivered together with a container that contains an identified compound, or composition, or vector, or delivery system. Alternatively, the instructional material can be delivered separately from the container with the intention that the recipient use the instructional material in conjunction with the compound.

[0115] "Operably linked" or "operably linked" as used herein can mean that the expression of a gene is under the control of a promoter that is spatially connected to the gene. The promoter can be located 5' (upstream) or 3' (downstream) of the gene under the control of the promoter. The distance between a promoter and a gene can be approximately the same as the distance between the promoter and the gene it controls within the gene from which the promoter originates. As known in the art, the variation of this distance can be adjusted so that the function of the promoter is not lost.

[0116] A "therapeutic treatment" is a treatment administered to a subject who exhibits symptoms of a disease or disorder with the intent of reducing or eliminating those symptoms.

[0117] As used herein, "treating a disease or disorder" means that the patient experiences a reduction in the frequency and / or severity of the signs and / or symptoms of the disease or disorder.

[0118] As used herein, the term "biological sample", or "sample", or "specimen" is intended to include any sample containing cells, or tissues, or bodily fluids in which expression of a nucleic acid or polypeptide can be detected. A biological sample can include any biological material suitable for detection of a desired biomarker and can include cellular and / or non-cellular material obtained from an individual. Non-limiting examples of such biological samples include blood, lymphocytes, bone marrow, biopsies, and smears. Samples that are naturally liquid are referred to herein as "body fluids". Biological samples can be obtained from a patient by a variety of techniques (e.g., by scraping or swabbing an area or by using a needle to obtain a body fluid). Methods for collecting various body samples are well known in the art.

[0119] The term "antibody" as used herein means an immunoglobulin molecule capable of specifically binding to a specific epitope of an antigen. Antibodies can be intact immunoglobulins derived from natural sources or from recombinant sources, and immunoreactive portions of intact immunoglobulins. Antibodies of the present invention can exist in a variety of forms, including, for example, polyclonal, monoclonal, intracellular antibodies ("intrabodies"), Fv, Fab, Fab', F(ab)2, F(ab')2, as well as single chain antibodies (scFv), heavy chain antibodies (e.g., camelid antibodies), and humanized antibodies (Harlow et al., 1999, Using Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, NY; Harlow et al., 1989, Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor, NY; Houston et al., 1988, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:5879-5883; Bird et al., 1988, Science 242:423-426).

[0120] The term "synthetic antibody" as used herein refers to an antibody made using recombinant DNA techniques (e.g., a bacteriophage expressed antibody). The term should also be taken to mean an antibody made by synthesizing an antibody-encoding DNA molecule, which expresses the antibody protein or amino acid sequence that specifies the antibody, provided that the DNA or amino acid sequence is obtained using techniques available and well known in the art for synthesizing DNA or amino acid sequences.

[0121] As used herein, "heavy chain antibodies" include immunoglobulin molecules derived from Camelidae species obtained by isolating serum after immunization with a peptide or by cloning and expressing a nucleic acid sequence encoding such an antibody. The term "heavy chain antibodies" further includes immunoglobulin molecules isolated from a subject with a heavy chain disease or prepared by cloning and expressing a VH (variable heavy chain immunoglobulin) gene from a subject.

[0122] "Chimeric antibody" refers to a type of engineered antibody that contains naturally occurring variable regions (light and heavy chains) from a donor antibody, together with light chain and heavy chain constant regions from an acceptor antibody.

[0123] "Humanized antibody" refers to a type of engineered antibody that has CDRs derived from a non-human donor immunoglobulin and the immunoglobulin-derived remainder of the molecule derived from one (or more) human immunoglobulins. In addition, framework support residues can be altered to retain binding affinity (see, e.g., Queen et al., Proc. Natl. Acad Sci USA 86:10029-10032, 1989; Hodgson et al., Bio / Technology 9:421, 1991). Suitable human acceptor antibodies can be selected from conventional databases (e.g., KABAT database, Los Alamos database, Swiss Protein Database) by homology with the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the donor antibody. Human antibodies characterized by homology (on an amino acid basis) with the framework regions of the donor antibody may be suitable to provide heavy chain constant and / or heavy chain variable framework regions for insertion of the donor CDRs. A suitable acceptor antibody that can provide a light chain constant region or a light chain variable framework region can be selected in a similar manner. It should be noted that the heavy and light chains of the acceptor antibody do not have to be derived from the same acceptor antibody. The prior art describes several ways to make such humanized antibodies (see, for example, EP-A-0239400 and EP-A-054951).

[0124] The term "donor antibody" refers to an antibody (monoclonal and / or recombinant antibody) that contributes amino acid sequences of either the variable regions, CDRs, or other functional fragments or analogs thereof to a first immunoglobulin partner, thereby providing an altered immunoglobulin coding region, resulting in the expression of an altered antibody with the antigen specificity and neutralizing activity characteristic of the donor antibody.

[0125] The term "acceptor antibody" refers to an antibody (monoclonal and / or recombinant antibody) that is heterologous to the donor antibody and that contributes all (or any portion, but in some embodiments all) of the amino acid sequences encoding the heavy and / or light chain framework regions and / or the amino acid sequences encoding the heavy and / or light chain constant regions to the first immunoglobulin partner. In some embodiments, a human antibody is the acceptor antibody.

[0126] "CDR" is defined as the amino acid sequence of the complementarity determining region, which is the hypervariable region of the heavy and light immunoglobulin chains of an antibody. See, e.g., Kabat et al., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 4th ed., U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health (1987). There are three heavy chain CDRs (CDR regions) and three light chain CDRs in the variable region of an immunoglobulin. Thus, as used herein, "CDR" refers to all three heavy chain CDRs and all three light chain CDRs (or all heavy chain CDRs and all light chain CDRs, as appropriate). The structure and protein folding of an antibody can mean that other residues are considered part of the antigen binding region, and will be so understood by those skilled in the art. See, e.g., Chothia et al. (1989) "Conformations of Immunoglobulin Hypervariable Regions"; Nature 342:877-883.

[0127] As used herein, "immunoassay" refers to any binding assay that uses an antibody capable of specifically binding to a target molecule to detect and quantitate the target molecule.

[0128] The term "specifically binds" as used herein with respect to an antibody means that the antibody recognizes and binds to a particular target molecule, but does not substantially recognize and bind to other molecules in a sample. In some cases, the terms "specific binding" or "specifically binding" are used to mean that recognition and binding are dependent on the presence of a particular structure (e.g., an antigenic determinant or epitope) on the surface of the target molecule. For example, if an antibody specifically binds to epitope "A", the presence of a molecule containing unlabeled epitope A (i.e., free, unlabeled A) in a reaction containing labeled "A" and the antibody will reduce the amount of labeled A that binds to the antibody.

[0129] The "coding region" of a gene consists of nucleotide residues from the coding strand of that gene and nucleotide residues from the non-coding strand of that gene, which are homologous to or complementary to the coding region of an mRNA molecule produced by transcription of that gene.

[0130] The "coding region" of an mRNA molecule also consists of nucleotide residues in an mRNA molecule that correspond to the anticodon region of a transfer RNA molecule during translation of that mRNA molecule, or that encode a stop codon. Thus, a coding region can include nucleotide residues that include codons for amino acid residues that are not present in the mature protein encoded by the mRNA molecule (e.g., amino acid residues in a protein export signal sequence).

[0131] By "differentially decreased expression" or "down-regulated" is meant that the level of a biomarker product is at least 10% lower than a control, e.g., 20% lower, 30% lower, 40% lower, 50% lower, 60% lower, 70% lower, 80% lower, 90% lower or more, and / or 1 / 2.0, 1 / 1.8, 1 / 1.6, 1 / 1.4, 1 / 1.2, 1 / 1.1 or more lower, or any integer or fractional increment therebetween.

[0132] By "differentially increased expression" or "upregulated" is meant that the level of a biomarker product is at least 10% or more higher than a control, e.g., 20% higher, 30% higher, 40% higher, 50% higher, 60% higher, 70% higher, 80% higher, 90% higher or more, and / or 2.0-fold, 1.8-fold, 1.6-fold, 1.4-fold, 1.2-fold, 1.1-fold or more, or any integer or fractional increment therebetween.

[0133] "Complementary" as used herein with respect to nucleic acids refers to the broad concept of sequence complementarity between regions of two nucleic acid strands or between two regions of the same nucleic acid strand. It is known that an adenine residue in a first nucleic acid region can form specific hydrogen bonds ("base pairing") with a residue in a second nucleic acid region antiparallel to the first region, if that residue is thymine or uracil. Similarly, it is known that a cytosine residue in a first nucleic acid region can form specific hydrogen bonds with a residue in a second nucleic acid region antiparallel to the first region, if that residue is guanine. A first region of a nucleic acid is complementary to a second region of the same or a different nucleic acid if at least one nucleotide residue in the first region can base pair with a residue in the second region when the two regions are arranged in an antiparallel manner. In some embodiments, the first region comprises a first portion and the second region comprises a second portion such that when the first and second portions are arranged in an antiparallel manner, at least about 50%, or at least about 75%, or at least about 90%, or at least about 95% of the nucleotide residues of the first portion can form base pairs with nucleotide residues of the second portion, in some embodiments, all nucleotide residues of the first portion can form base pairs with nucleotide residues of the second portion.

[0134] The term "DNA" is defined herein as deoxyribonucleic acid.

[0135] "Encoding" refers to the inherent property of a particular nucleotide sequence in a polynucleotide (e.g., gene, cDNA, mRNA) to serve as a template for the synthesis of other polymers or macromolecules in biological processes, which have a defined sequence of nucleotides (i.e., rRNA, tRNA, mRNA) or a defined sequence of amino acids and resulting biological properties. Thus, a gene encodes a protein when that protein is produced in a cell or other biological system by transcription and translation of the gene's corresponding mRNA. Both the coding strand (whose nucleic acid sequence corresponds to the mRNA sequence and is usually shown in a sequence listing) and the non-coding strand (used as a template to transcribe the gene or cDNA) can be said to code for the protein or other product of the gene or cDNA.

[0136] Unless otherwise specified, a "nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence" includes all nucleotide sequences that are degenerate with respect to one another and that encode the same amino acid sequence. A reference to a nucleotide sequence encoding a protein or RNA can also include introns, provided that the nucleotide sequence encoding the protein can contain introns in some form.

[0137] "Isolated" means altered or removed from the natural state. For example, a nucleic acid or peptide that is naturally present in its normal context in a living subject is not "isolated," but the same nucleic acid or peptide that has been partially or completely separated from the coexisting materials in the natural context is "isolated." An isolated nucleic acid or protein can exist in a substantially purified form or can exist in a non-native environment (e.g., a host cell).

[0138] The term "hybridoma" as used herein refers to a cell resulting from the fusion of a B lymphocyte with a fusion partner, such as a myeloma cell. Hybridomas can be cloned and maintained indefinitely in cell culture, making it possible to produce monoclonal antibodies. Hybridomas can also be considered as hybrid cells.

[0139] "Isolated nucleic acid" refers to a nucleic acid segment or fragment that is separated from sequences that are adjacent to it in nature, i.e., a DNA fragment that is removed from sequences that are normally adjacent to it (i.e., sequences that are adjacent to it in the genome in nature). The term also applies to nucleic acids (i.e., RNA, DNA, proteins) that have been substantially purified from other elements that are naturally present in a cell. Thus, the term includes, for example, recombinant DNA, whether incorporated into a vector, an autonomously replicating plasmid or virus, incorporated into the genomic DNA of a prokaryote or eukaryote, or present as a separate molecule independent of other sequences (i.e., cDNA or genomic fragments or cDNA fragments generated by PCR or restriction enzyme digestion). The term also includes recombinant DNA that encodes additional polypeptide sequences that are part of a hybrid gene.

[0140] In the context of the present invention, the following abbreviations are used for the commonly occurring nucleobases: "A" means adenosine, "C" means cytosine, "G" means guanosine, "T" means thymidine and "U" means uridine.

[0141] The term "polynucleotide" is defined herein as a chain of nucleotides. Furthermore, a nucleic acid is a polymer of nucleotides. Thus, nucleic acid and polynucleotide are interchangeable herein. Those skilled in the art have general knowledge that a nucleic acid is a polynucleotide and can be hydrolyzed to monomeric "nucleotides". The monomeric nucleotides can be hydrolyzed to nucleosides. Non-limiting examples of polynucleotides as used herein include any nucleic acid sequence obtained by any means available in the art. Non-limiting examples of means include recombinant means (i.e., cloning a nucleic acid sequence from a recombinant library or a cell genome using conventional cloning techniques and PCR, etc.) and synthetic means.

[0142] As used herein, the terms "peptide", "polypeptide" and "protein" are used interchangeably to refer to compounds consisting of amino acid residues covalently linked by peptide bonds. A protein or peptide must contain at least two amino acids, and there is no limit to the maximum number of amino acids that a protein or peptide sequence may contain. A polypeptide includes any peptide or protein that contains two or more amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. As used herein, the term refers to both short chains (also commonly referred to in the art, e.g., as peptides, oligopeptides, or oligomers) and longer chains (commonly referred to in the art as proteins, of which there are many types). Included in "polypeptide" are, for example, biologically active fragments, substantially homologous polypeptides, oligopeptides, homodimers, heterodimers, variants of polypeptides, modified polypeptides, derivatives, analogs, and fusion proteins. A polypeptide includes natural peptides, recombinant peptides, synthetic peptides, or combinations thereof.

[0143] The term "progeny" as used herein means descendant or offspring. The term includes the offspring of a mammal and includes differentiated or undifferentiated progeny cells derived from a parent cell. In one application, the term progeny refers to a progeny cell that is genetically identical to the parent. In another application, the term progeny refers to a progeny cell that is genetically and phenotypically identical to the parent. In yet another application, the term progeny refers to a progeny cell that has differentiated from a parent cell.

[0144] The term "RNA" is defined herein as ribonucleic acid.

[0145] The term "recombinant DNA" is defined herein as DNA that is created by joining pieces of DNA from different sources.

[0146] The term "recombinant polypeptide" is defined herein as a polypeptide produced using recombinant DNA methods.

[0147] As used herein, "complexed" means that one molecule is covalently bound to a second molecule.

[0148] As used herein, the term "variant" refers to a nucleic acid or peptide sequence that differs in sequence from a reference nucleic acid or peptide sequence, respectively, but retains essential biological properties of the reference molecule. The sequence changes of a nucleic acid variant may not change the amino acid sequence of a peptide encoded by the reference nucleic acid, or may result in amino acid substitutions, additions, deletions, fusions, or truncations. The sequence changes of a peptide variant are typically limited or conservative, so that the sequences of the reference peptide and the variant are generally very similar, and match in many regions. The variant and the reference peptide may differ in amino acid sequence by one or more substitutions, additions, or deletions, in any combination. A nucleic acid or peptide variant can be a naturally occurring variant (such as an allelic variant) or a variant that is known to occur in nature. Non-natural variants of nucleic acids and peptides can be generated by mutagenesis techniques or direct synthesis. In various embodiments, the variant sequence is at least 99%, at least 98%, at least 97%, at least 96%, at least 95%, at least 94%, at least 93%, at least 92%, at least 91%, at least 90%, at least 89%, at least 88%, at least 87%, at least 86%, or at least 85% identical to the reference sequence.

[0149] The term "modulate" as used herein can refer to any method of changing the level or activity of a substrate. Non-limiting examples of "modulate" with respect to proteins include affecting expression (including transcription and / or translation), affecting folding, affecting degradation or protein turnover, and affecting protein localization. Non-limiting examples of modulate with respect to enzyme activity further include affecting enzyme activity. "Modulator" refers to a molecule whose molecular activity includes affecting the level or activity of a substrate. A regulator can be a direct regulator or an indirect regulator. A regulator can function to activate, suppress, or change the corresponding substrate.

[0150] "Scanning window" as used herein refers to a section of a number of contiguous positions within which a sequence can be evaluated independently of any adjacent sequences. The scanning window is typically shifted incrementally along the length of the sequence being evaluated, with each new section being evaluated independently. The incremental shift can be one position, or more than one position.

[0151] "Vector" as used herein can refer to a nucleic acid sequence that contains a replication origin. A vector can be a plasmid, a bacteriophage, a bacterial artificial chromosome, or a yeast artificial chromosome. A vector can be a DNA vector or an RNA vector. A vector can be a self-replicating extrachromosomal vector or a vector that integrates into a host genome.

[0152] Ranges: Throughout this disclosure, various aspects of the invention may be presented in a range format. It should be understood that the range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as imposing heavy limitations on the scope of the invention. Thus, the description of a range should be deemed to include all possible subranges specifically disclosed as well as individual numerical values ​​within that range. For example, the description of a range such as 1-6 should be deemed to include the specifically disclosed subranges such as 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 2-4, 2-6, 3-6, etc. as well as individual numerical values ​​within that range, e.g., 1, 2, 2.7, 3, 4, 5, 5.3, 6. This applies regardless of the breadth of the range.

[0153] explanation

[0154] The present invention relates to the inhibition of complement signaling and complement-associated disorders using anti-human C5 antibodies. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibodies exhibit pH-dependent binding to C5. In some embodiments, the pH-dependent anti-C5 antibodies bind C5 more strongly at a more neutral pH (e.g., a pH of about 7.4 as found in blood) than at a more acidic pH (e.g., a pH of about 5.8 as found in endosomes). This pH-dependent binding allows the administered antibody to persist longer because immune complexes taken up by cells (i.e., anti-C5 mAb bound to C5) dissociate in the acidic environment of the endosome, freeing the antibody to be recycled away from the cell via the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) and available to bind new C5 molecules.

[0155] In one embodiment, the invention is directed to inhibition of the complement signaling cascade by specifically targeting complement component C5 protein or by specifically targeting fragments of the C5a or C5b proteins. In one embodiment, the invention is directed to methods of treating and preventing inflammatory and autoimmune diseases mediated by unwanted and uncontrolled excessive complement activation. In one embodiment, the invention is directed to a method of treating a complement-mediated disease or disorder in an individual by contacting the individual with an anti-C5 antibody.

[0156] In one embodiment, the invention is a method of treating a complement-mediated disease or disorder in an individual, comprising inhibiting production of C5a or C5b proteins and formation of MAC by administering an anti-C5 antibody to the individual. Non-limiting examples of complement-mediated conditions that can be treated using the methods of the invention include macular degeneration (MD), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), ischemia-reperfusion injury, arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, ulcerative colitis, stroke, postoperative systemic inflammatory syndrome, asthma, allergic asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) syndrome, myasthenia gravis, neuromyelitis optica (NMO), multiple sclerosis, delayed organ transplant function, antibody-mediated rejection, atypical hemolytic uraemia (aHUS) syndrome. group, central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), epidermolysis bullosa, sepsis, organ transplant, inflammation (non-limiting examples of which include inflammation associated with cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and renal dialysis), C3 nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, glomerulonephritis (non-limiting examples of which include antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-mediated glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, and combinations thereof), ANCA-associated vasculitis, Shiga toxin-induced HUS, antiphospholipid antibody-induced abortion, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the compositions and methods of the invention are useful for treating a subject, including a subject suffering from PNH and unresponsive to treatment with eculizumab. As a non-limiting example, some subjects may have mutations in the alpha chain of C5 that may result in resistance to treatment with eculizumab (see "C5 Genetic Variants and Poor Response to Eculizumab" Nishimura J et al. N Engl J Med. 2014 Feb 13;370(7):632-639).

[0157] The ability of the immune system to distinguish between "self" and "non-self" antigens is crucial for the immune system to function as a specific defense against invading microorganisms. "Non-self" antigens are antigens present on the surface of materials entering or present in the body that are detectably different from the subject's own components or are foreign to the subject's own components, whereas "self" antigens are antigens that are not detectably different from the subject's own components or are not foreign to the subject's own components in a healthy subject. In various embodiments of the methods of the present invention, the complement activation that is inhibited is complement activation initiated by at least one of the group consisting of microbial antigens, non-living foreign surfaces, altered self-tissues, or combinations thereof. An example of a non-living foreign surface is a blood circuit such as that used in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery or renal dialysis. Examples of altered self-tissues include apoptotic tissues and cells, necrotic tissues and cells, tissues and cells that have been subjected to ischemic stress, tissues and cells that lack functional complement regulatory proteins, or combinations thereof.

[0158] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibodies of the present invention inhibit the downstream effects of either the alternative complement pathway (AP), the classical pathway (CP), or the lectin pathway (LP). In general, the CP is initiated by antigen-antibody complexes, and the LP on the surface of microorganisms is activated by lectins binding to sugar molecules, whereas the AP is constitutively activated at low levels but can be rapidly amplified on the surface of bacterial, viral, and parasitic cells due to the lack of regulatory proteins. Host cells are normally protected from AP complement activation by regulatory proteins. However, in some situations, such as when regulatory proteins are defective or missing, the AP can be activated uncontrollably on the surface of host cells, leading to complement-mediated diseases or disorders. The CP consists of components C1, C2, and C4, which converge to the AP at the C3 activation step. The LP consists of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and MBL-associated serine protease (Masp), and shares components C4 and C2 with the CT. The AP consists of components C3 and several factors, including factor B, factor D, properdin, C5, and fluid-phase regulator H. Complement activation consists of three steps: (a) recognition, (b) enzymatic activation, and (c) membrane attack leading to cell death. The first step of CP complement activation begins with C1, which consists of three different proteins: the recognition subunit C1q, and the serine protease subcomponents C1r and C1s. C1r and C1s bind to each other to form the calcium-dependent tetrameric complex C1r2 s2. The intact C1 complex is required for physiological activation of C1. Activation occurs when the intact C1 complex binds to immunoglobulins complexed with antigens. This binding activates C1s, which then cleaves both the C4 and C2 proteins to generate C4a and C4b, as well as C2a and C2b. The C4b and C2a fragments combine to form the C3 convertase, C4b2a, which in turn cleaves C3 to form C3a and C3b.Activation of the LP is initiated by MBL binding to some sugars on the target surface, which initiates the activation of MBL-associated serine proteases (MAPS), which cleave C4 and C2 in a manner similar to the activation of C1s in the CP, generating the C3 convertase C4b2a. Thus, although CP and LP are activated by different mechanisms, they share the same components C4 and C2, and therefore generate the same C3 convertase C4b2a in both pathways. The cleavage of C3 by C4b2a to C3b and C3a is a central event in the complement pathway for two reasons. This cleavage initiates the AP amplification loop, because surface-deposited C3b is a central intermediate in the AP. Both C3a and C3b are biologically important. C3a is proinflammatory and, together with C5a, is called an anaphylatoxin. C3b and its further cleavage products also bind to complement receptors present on the surface of neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and macrophages, promoting the phagocytosis and excretion of C3b-opsonized particles. Finally, C3b can associate with C4b2a to form the C5 convertase in the CP and LP, activating terminal complement sequences, leading to the production of the potent proinflammatory mediator C5a and the C5–C9 assemblies of the lytic membrane attack complex (MAC).

[0159] In one embodiment, the complement pathway activation inhibited using the method of the invention is complement pathway activation induced by at least one selected from the group consisting of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipooligopolysaccharide (LOS), pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), and danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). In another embodiment, the complement signaling activation inhibited using the method of the invention is the generation of C5a protein. In another embodiment, the complement signaling activation inhibited using the method of the invention is the generation of C5b protein. In another embodiment, the complement signaling activation inhibited using the method of the invention is the formation of MAC. In another embodiment, the complement signaling activation inhibited using the method of the invention is dependent on C5.

[0160] In one embodiment, the invention is a method of inhibiting the initiation of terminal complement activation in an individual, comprising inhibiting the initiation of terminal complement activation resulting from CP activation, or LP activation, or AP activation in the individual by administering an anti-C5 antibody to the individual. Exemplary of these embodiments are PNH patients suffering from complement-mediated hemolysis and individuals suffering from complement-mediated aHUS, asthma, ischemia / reperfusion injury, rheumatoid arthritis, and ANCA-mediated renal disease. In various embodiments of the invention, non-limiting examples of diseases and disorders that can be treated using the compositions and methods of the invention include complement-mediated hemolysis, complement-mediated aHUS, C3 nephropathy, neuromyelitis optica, myasthenia gravis, asthma, ischemia / reperfusion injury, rheumatoid arthritis, and ANCA-mediated renal disease or disorder.

[0161] In various other embodiments, methods are provided for identifying anti-C5 antibodies that may have an inhibitory effect on terminal complement activation. One such method is the sheep red blood cell lysis assay described below. Briefly, sheep RBCs (1×10 per assay sample prepared in PBS) are lysed. 7Cells (Complement Technology Inc) were incubated with normal 50% human serum (NHS, from Complement Technology Inc) in gelatin veronal buffer (GVB2+, Sigma; total assay volume: 100 μl) for 20 min at 37°C. NHS was pre-incubated with anti-C5 mAb for 1 h at 4°C before adding to sheep RBCs. The lysis reaction was stopped by adding PBS containing 40 mM EDTA. After centrifugation of the incubation mixture at 1500 rpm for 5 min, the supernatant was collected and OD 405 nm was measured. Samples without NHS or with EDTA were used as negative lysis controls, and samples in which sheep RBCs were completely lysed with distilled water were used as positive controls (100% lysis) to normalize the lysis percentages in the other samples. Another method that can be used for confirmatory screening of anti-human C5 blocking mAbs involves the steps of: a) coating the plate with lipopolysaccharide (LPS); b) washing the plate to remove unbound LPS; c) adding phosphate buffered saline (PBS) containing bovine serum albumin (BSA); d) washing the plate to remove unbound BSA; e) adding a mixture of candidate anti-C5 antibody compounds that have been preincubated with serum and then mixed with normal human serum; f) washing the plate; g) adding HPR-labeled anti-human C5b-9 antibody or anti-human C6 antibody (anti-human TCC antibody, clone aE11 or biotin-labeled anti-human C6 antibody; both Quidel); h) washing the plate to remove unbound antibody; i) adding HRP substrate reagent; j) stopping the reaction by adding sulfuric acid; k) measuring the optical density at 450 nm. l) measuring the optical density of the plate containing the candidate anti-C5 antibody compound at 100 nm; and l) comparing the optical density of the plate containing the candidate anti-C5 antibody compound with that of a positive control and a negative control, and an anti-C5 antibody is identified when the optical density is decreased compared to the positive control.

[0162] Anti-C5 antibody

[0163] In some embodiments, the invention includes a composition comprising an antibody that specifically binds to C5. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody is a polyclonal antibody. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody is a monoclonal antibody. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody is a chimeric antibody. In yet another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody is a humanized antibody. In some embodiments, the antibody is an antibody fragment. In some embodiments, the C5 is human C5.

[0164] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody exhibits pH-dependent binding to C5, hi some embodiments, the pH-dependent anti-C5 antibody binds more strongly to C5 at a more neutral pH (e.g., a pH of about 7.4, as found in blood) compared to a more acidic pH (e.g., a pH of about 5.8, as found in endosomes).

[0165] In some embodiments, an antibody or antibody fragment against human C5 is associated with reduced production of C5a or C5b in the complement activation pathway in the intact organism as well as reduced formation of MAC. In some embodiments, the invention is a protein or polypeptide capable of binding to human C5. In some embodiments, the antibody or antibody fragment; the protein or polypeptide binds to a relevant portion, or fragment, or epitope of human C5; binding of the antibody or antibody fragment, or binding of the protein or polypeptide to a relevant portion of human C5 is associated with reduced production of C5a or C5b in the intact organism as well as reduced formation of MAC.

[0166] In some embodiments, the antibody that binds human C5, or a C5-binding antibody fragment thereof, is further conjugated to a protein, or peptide, or another compound. In some embodiments, the human C5-binding antibody, or an antibody fragment thereof, is conjugated to a protein, or peptide, or another compound. In some embodiments, the protein, or peptide, or another compound that is conjugated to the human C5-binding antibody, or an antibody fragment thereof, is a targeting moiety (i.e., the targeting moiety specifically binds to a molecule other than human C5). In some embodiments, the protein, or peptide, or another compound that is conjugated to the human C5-binding antibody, or an antibody fragment thereof, is an effector molecule (e.g., a cytotoxic molecule).

[0167] In various embodiments, any of the antibodies described herein having any of the variable regions described herein can comprise an Fc fragment or Fc domain. For example, in some embodiments, the antibodies described herein comprise an Fc fragment of an immunoglobulin. Non-limiting examples of representative immunoglobulins include IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgM, IgA, IgE, and IgD. In one embodiment, the antibody comprises an Fc of a human IgG4. SEQ ID NO: 32 is an example of an amino acid sequence of a human IgG4 Fc fragment. In some embodiments, the antibodies of the invention comprise a human IgG4 Fc fragment having a S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32. SEQ ID NO: 33 is an example of an amino acid sequence of a human IgG4 Fc fragment having a S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32. In some embodiments, the antibodies of the invention comprise a human IgG4 Fc fragment having one or more of an S108P mutation, an M308L mutation, and an N314A mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32. In some embodiments, an antibody of the invention comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment with S108P, M308L, and N314A mutations (also referred to herein as with Fc PLA mutations) relative to SEQ ID NO: 32. SEQ ID NO: 61 is an example of the amino acid sequence of a human IgG4 Fc fragment with S108P, M308L, and N314A mutations relative to SEQ ID NO: 32.

[0168] In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least one of the CDRs selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 3; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 4; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises all of the CDRs from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 3; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 4; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

[0169] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO:8, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3; and a VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO:8.

[0170] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9.

[0171] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO:10, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5; and a VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO:10.

[0172] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. and variants thereof including substitutions; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8, or a variant thereof including up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof including up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10, or a variant thereof including up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions.

[0173] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10.

[0174] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10.

[0175] In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least one of the CDRs selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 3; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 4; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 11, or one or more variants thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises all of the CDRs from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 3; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 4; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 11, or one or more variants thereof.

[0176] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO:8, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3; and a VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO:8.

[0177] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9.

[0178] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO:11, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5; and a VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO:11.

[0179] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. and variants thereof including substitutions; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8, or a variant thereof including up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof including up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:11, or a variant thereof including up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions.

[0180] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:11.

[0181] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:11.

[0182] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:13, or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody is mAb L3-1, or a variant thereof. The monoclonal anti-C5 antibody mAb L3-1 comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:13. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises an Fc fragment. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb L3-1 comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:13, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:32. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO:32, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb L3-1 comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:13, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:33 and having the S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO:32. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the S108P, M308L, and N314A mutations relative to SEQ ID NO:32, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb L3-1 comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:13, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:61 and having the S108P, M308L, and N314A mutations relative to SEQ ID NO:32. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is humanized. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is a chimeric antibody.

[0183] In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least one of the CDRs selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 3; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 4; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 14; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises all of the CDRs from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 3; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 4; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 14; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

[0184] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO:14, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3; and a VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO:14.

[0185] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9.

[0186] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO:10, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5; and a VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO:10.

[0187] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. and variants thereof including substitutions; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, or a variant thereof including up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, or a variant thereof including up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10, or a variant thereof including up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions.

[0188] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:14, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10.

[0189] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:14; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10.

[0190] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:16, or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody is mAb L1-2, or a variant thereof. The monoclonal anti-C5 antibody mAb L1-2 comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:16. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises an Fc fragment. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb L1-2 comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:16, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:32. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment with an S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO:32, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb L1-2 comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:16, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:33 and having the S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO:32. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the S108P, M308L, and N314A mutations relative to SEQ ID NO:32, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb L1-2 comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:16, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:61 and having the S108P, M308L, and N314A mutations relative to SEQ ID NO:32. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is humanized. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is a chimeric antibody.

[0191] In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least one of the CDRs selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 17; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 4; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises all of the CDRs from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 17; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 4; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

[0192] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17; and a VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8.

[0193] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9.

[0194] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO:10, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5; and a VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO:10.

[0195] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. and a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions.

[0196] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10.

[0197] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 4; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 8; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10.

[0198] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19, or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody is mAb H1-4, or a variant thereof. The monoclonal anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-4 comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19, and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises an Fc fragment. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-4 comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment with an S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-4 comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33 and having the S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the S108P, M308L and N314A mutations relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-4 comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61 and having the S108P, M308L and N314A mutations relative to SEQ ID NO: 32. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is humanized. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is a chimeric antibody.

[0199] In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least one of the CDRs selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO:20; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:4; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO:5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO:23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO:10, or one or more variants thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises all of the CDRs from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO:20; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:4; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO:5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO:23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO:10, or one or more variants thereof.

[0200] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO:23, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20; and a VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO:23.

[0201] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9.

[0202] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO:10, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5; and a VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO:10.

[0203] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. and variants thereof including substitutions; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23, or a variant thereof including up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof including up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10, or a variant thereof including up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions.

[0204] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10.

[0205] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10.

[0206] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:22, or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25, or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody is mAb H1-8 / L1-9, or a variant thereof. The monoclonal anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:22, and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises an Fc fragment. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:22, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:32. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation, an M308L mutation, and an N314A mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation, an M308L mutation, and an N314A mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is humanized. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is a chimeric antibody.

[0207] In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least one of the CDRs selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 3; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 26; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 29, or one or more variants thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises all of the CDRs from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 3; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 26; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 29, or one or more variants thereof.

[0208] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO:8, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3; and a VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO:8.

[0209] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:26, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:26; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9.

[0210] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO:29, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5; and a VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO:29.

[0211] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:26, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. and a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:29, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions.

[0212] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:26, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:29.

[0213] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:26; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:29.

[0214] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:28, or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:31, or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody is mAb H2-6 / L3-5, or a variant thereof. The monoclonal anti-C5 antibody mAb H2-6 / L3-5 comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:28, and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:31. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises an Fc fragment. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H2-6 / L3-5 comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:28, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:31, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:32. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H2-6 / L3-5 comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation, an M308L mutation, and an N314A mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H2-5 / L3-5 comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation, an M308L mutation, and an N314A mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is humanized. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is a chimeric antibody.

[0215] In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least one of the CDRs selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 3; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 34; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises all of the CDRs from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 3; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 34; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

[0216] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO:8, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3; and a VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO:8.

[0217] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9.

[0218] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO:10, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5; and a VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO:10.

[0219] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 5, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. and a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions.

[0220] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:34, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10.

[0221] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:34; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10.

[0222] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36, or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36, and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises an Fc fragment. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33 and having the S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the S108P, M308L and N314A mutations relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61 and having the S108P, M308L and N314A mutations relative to SEQ ID NO: 32. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is humanized. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is a chimeric antibody.

[0223] In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least one of the CDRs selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 37; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 38; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 39; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises all of the CDRs from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 37; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 38; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 39; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

[0224] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37; and a VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23.

[0225] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:38, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:38; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9.

[0226] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39; and a VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10.

[0227] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. and a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions.

[0228] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10.

[0229] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 38; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10.

[0230] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41, or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody is mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant IWW, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody H1-8 / L1-9 variant IWW comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41, and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises an Fc fragment. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant IWW comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment with an S108P mutation or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant IWW comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment with an S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment with an S108P mutation, an M308L mutation, and an N314A mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant IWW comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment with an S108P mutation, an M308L mutation, and an N314A mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is humanized. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is a chimeric antibody.

[0231] In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least one of the CDRs selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 42; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 43; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 44; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises all of the CDRs from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 42; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 43; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 44; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

[0232] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 42, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 42; and a VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23.

[0233] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:43, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:43; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9.

[0234] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44; and a VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10.

[0235] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 42, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 43, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. and a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions.

[0236] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 42, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 43, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10.

[0237] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 42; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 43; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10.

[0238] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 46, or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody is mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant IFW, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody H1-8 / L1-9 variant IFW comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 46, and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises an Fc fragment. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant IFW comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 46, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant IFW comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 46, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation, an M308L mutation, and an N314A mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant IFW comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 46, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation, an M308L mutation, and an N314A mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is humanized. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is a chimeric antibody.

[0239] In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least one of the CDRs selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 47; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 48; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 49; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises all of the CDRs from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 47; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 48; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 49; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

[0240] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:47, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO:23, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:47; and a VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO:23.

[0241] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:48, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:48; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9.

[0242] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 49, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 49; and a VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10.

[0243] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 49, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. and a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions.

[0244] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 49; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10.

[0245] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 49; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10.

[0246] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:51, or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25, or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody is a mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant FME or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody H1-8 / L1-9 variant FME comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:51 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises an Fc fragment. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant FME comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:51, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:32. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant FME comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation, an M308L mutation, and an N314A mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant FME comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation, an M308L mutation, and an N314A mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is humanized. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is a chimeric antibody.

[0247] In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least one of the CDRs selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 52; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 53; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 54; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises all of the CDRs from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 52; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 53; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 54; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

[0248] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:52, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO:23, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:52; and a VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO:23.

[0249] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:53, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:53; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9.

[0250] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO:10, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54; and a VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO:10.

[0251] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 53, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 54, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. and a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions.

[0252] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 53, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 54; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10.

[0253] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 52; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 53; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 54; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10.

[0254] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:56, or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25, or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody is mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant FMW, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody H1-8 / L1-9 variant FMW comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:56, and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises an Fc fragment. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant FMW comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:56, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:32. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant FMW comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation, an M308L mutation, and an N314A mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant FMW comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation, an M308L mutation, and an N314A mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is humanized. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is a chimeric antibody.

[0255] In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least one of the CDRs selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 47; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 57; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 49; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises all of the CDRs from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 47; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 57; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 49; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

[0256] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:57, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:57; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9.

[0257] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 49, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. and a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions.

[0258] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 49; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10.

[0259] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 49; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10.

[0260] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:59, or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25, or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody is mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant FMEH, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody H1-8 / L1-9 variant FMEH comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:59, and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises an Fc fragment. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant FMEH comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:59, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:32. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant FMEH comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation, an M308L mutation, and an N314A mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant FMEH comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation, an M308L mutation, and an N314A mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is humanized. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is a chimeric antibody.

[0261] In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least one of the CDRs selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 37; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 62; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 39; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises all of the CDRs from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 37; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 62; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 39; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

[0262] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:62, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:62; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9.

[0263] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. and a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions.

[0264] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10.

[0265] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 37; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 62; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10.

[0266] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64, or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody is mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant IWWH or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody H1-8 / L1-9 variant IWWH comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64, and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises an Fc fragment. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant IWWH comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant IWWH comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation, an M308L mutation, and an N314A mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant IWWH comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation, an M308L mutation, and an N314A mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is humanized. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is a chimeric antibody.

[0267] In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least one of the CDRs selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 42; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 65; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 44; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises all of the CDRs from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 42; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 65; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 44; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

[0268] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:65, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:65; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9.

[0269] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 42, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 65, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. and a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions.

[0270] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 42, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 65, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10.

[0271] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 42; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 65; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 9; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 10.

[0272] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67, or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody is mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant IFWH or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody H1-8 / L1-9 variant IFWH comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67, and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises an Fc fragment. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant IFWH comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant IFWH comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation, an M308L mutation, and an N314A mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant IFWH comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation, an M308L mutation, and an N314A mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is humanized. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is a chimeric antibody.

[0273] In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises at least one of the CDRs selected from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 52; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 68; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 54; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises all of the CDRs from the group consisting of VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 52; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 68; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 54; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

[0274] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:68, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:68; and a VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO:9.

[0275] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:52, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:68, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions. and a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions.

[0276] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:52, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:68, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, or a variant thereof comprising up to about three (e.g., about one, about two, about three) amino acid substitutions; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10.

[0277] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a VH-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:52; a VH-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:68; a VH-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:54; a VL-CDR1 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:23; a VL-CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9; and a VL-CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10.

[0278] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70, or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or a variant thereof. In another embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody is mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant FMWH or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody H1-8 / L1-9 variant FMWH comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises an Fc fragment. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant FMWH comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant FMWH comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody comprises a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation, an M308L mutation, and an N314A mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, or a variant thereof. In one embodiment, the anti-C5 antibody mAb H1-8 / L1-9 variant FMWH comprises a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70, a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, and a human IgG4 Fc fragment having an S108P mutation, an M308L mutation, and an N314A mutation relative to SEQ ID NO: 32, comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is humanized. In some embodiments, the monoclonal anti-C5 antibody is a chimeric antibody.

[0279] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a proline substitution at position 4 in VH CDR2 (i.e., P4) relative to SEQ ID NO: 4. In various embodiments, the substitution at position P4 is P4→F4 (i.e., P4F), P4→L4 (i.e., P4L), P4→M4 (i.e., P4M), P4→W4 (i.e., P4W), or P4→I4 (i.e., P4I).

[0280] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a threonine substitution at position 9 in VH CDR2 (i.e., T9) relative to SEQ ID NO: 4. In various embodiments, the substitution at position T9 is T9→H9 (i.e., T9H), T9→F9 (i.e., T9F), T9→L9 (i.e., T9L), T9→M9 (i.e., T9M), T9→W9 (i.e., T9W), or T9→I9 (i.e., T9I).

[0281] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a substitution of proline at position 4 in VH CDR2 relative to SEQ ID NO: 4 (i.e., P4) and a substitution of threonine at position 9 in VH CDR2 relative to SEQ ID NO: 4 (i.e., T9). In various embodiments, the substitution at position P4 is either P4→F4 (i.e., P4F), P4→L4 (i.e., P4L), P4→M4 (i.e., P4M), P4→W4 (i.e., P4W), P4→I4 (i.e., P4I); and the substitution at position T9 is either T9→H9 (i.e., T9H), T9→F9 (i.e., T9F), T9→L9 (i.e., T9L), T9→M9 (i.e., T9M), T9→W9 (i.e., T9W), T9→I9 (i.e., T9I).

[0282] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a valine substitution at position 16 (i.e., V16) within the VH CDR3 relative to SEQ ID NO: 5. In various embodiments, the substitution at position V16 is V16→F16 (i.e., V16F), V16→E16 (i.e., V16E), or V16→W16 (i.e., V16W).

[0283] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises an asparagine substitution at position 8 in VH CDR1 (i.e., N8) relative to SEQ ID NO: 3. In various embodiments, the substitution at position N8 is any of N8→H8 (i.e., N8H), N8→W8 (i.e., N8W), N8→I8 (i.e., N8I), N8→V8 (i.e., N8V), N8→Y8 (i.e., N8Y), or N8→F8 (i.e., N8F).

[0284] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a leucine substitution at position 9 (i.e., L9) in VH CDR1 relative to SEQ ID NO: 20. In various embodiments, the substitution at position L9 is any of L9→W9 (i.e., L9W), L9→I9 (i.e., L9I), L9→V9 (i.e., L9V), L9→Y9 (i.e., L9Y), or L9→F9 (i.e., L9F).

[0285] In some embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises two or more substitutions from the group consisting of proline 4 (i.e., P4) in VH-CDR2 to SEQ ID NO:4, threonine 9 (i.e., T9) in VH-CDR2 to SEQ ID NO:4, valine 16 (i.e., V16) in VH-CDR3 to SEQ ID NO:5, and leucine 9 (i.e., L9) in VH-CDR1 to SEQ ID NO:20. In various embodiments, the anti-C5 antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprising a substitution at two or more of the following positions is provided: Proline 4 (i.e., P4) in VH-CDR2 for SEQ ID NO:4; Threonine 9 (i.e., T9) in VH-CDR2 for SEQ ID NO:4; Valine 16 (i.e., V16) in VH-CDR3 for SEQ ID NO:5; Leucine 9 (i.e., L9) in VH-CDR1 for SEQ ID NO:20; L9I / P4M, L9I / P4W, L9I / P4F, L9F / P4M, L9F / P4W, L9F / P4F, L9I / P4M / V16W, L9I / P4W / V16W, L9I / P4F / V16W, L9F / P4M / V16W, L9F / P4W / V16W, L9F / P4F / V16W , L9I / P4M / V16E, L9I / P4W / V16E, L9I / P4F / V16E, L9F / P4M / V16E, L9F / P4W / V16E, L9F / P4F / V16 E, L9I / P4M / T9H / V16W, L9I / P4W / T9H / V16W, L9I / P4F / T9H / V16W, L9F / P4M / T9H / V16W, L9F / P4W / T9H / V16W, L9F / P4F / T9H / V16W, L9I / P4M / T9H / V16E, L9I / P4W / T9H / V16E, L9I / P4F / T9H / V16E, L9F / P4M / T9H / V16E, L9F / P4W / T9H / V16E, L9F / P4F / T9H / V16E.

[0286] In some embodiments, the antibody is a chimeric antibody. In some embodiments, the anti-human C5 antibody can comprise a human light chain and a human heavy chain constant region in combination with the variable region CDR sequences described above. It is believed that one skilled in the art can create and obtain chimeric antibodies using known techniques to exchange the relevant domains of a particular antibody of interest. Such antibodies are readily created by grafting a heterologous antibody domain incorporating one or more CDR sequences described in this application. Using known recombinant techniques, it is possible to obtain and create recombinant antibodies that include heavy and light chain constant regions encoded by nucleic acid sequences of the human heavy and light chain constant regions, and heavy and light chain variable regions that include CDRs encoded by nucleic acid sequences corresponding to the CDR sequences described in this disclosure. One skilled in the art can create anti-human C5 antibodies that include one or more CDR sequences described in this disclosure, where only a portion of the light chain or only a portion of the heavy chain is replaced with a region from an antibody belonging to another species (e.g., human). Human anti-human C5 antibodies comprising a variable region having one or more CDR sequences selected from SEQ ID NOs: 3-5, 8-11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, 29, 34, 37-39, 42-44, 47-49, 52-54, 57, 62, 65, 68, or one or more variants thereof in combination with murine or non-murine antibody structural elements outside the CDR regions can be generated by routine methods known in the art. In some embodiments, the antibody or antibody fragment is further humanized using techniques known in the art.

[0287] In some embodiments, anti-C5 antibodies include antibodies having at least about 85% (e.g., at least about any of 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%) amino acid identity to the CDR sequences described herein, including those listed in SEQ ID NOs: 3-5, 8-11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, 29, 34, 37-39, 42-44, 47-49, 52-54, 57, 62, 65, and 68.

[0288] In one embodiment, the disclosure includes an anti-C5 antibody having a CDR sequence that is at least about 85% (e.g., at least about 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%) identical to the above CDR sequences. In one embodiment, an antibody against human C5 has a heavy chain variable (vH) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than about 90%, greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%, or 100%) to an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 2, 19, 22, 28, 36, 41, 46, 51, 56, 59, 64, 67, or 70, and a light chain variable (vL) region having an amino acid sequence that is greater than about 90% identical (e.g., greater than about 90%, greater than 91%, greater than 92%, greater than 93%, greater than 94%, greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, greater than 99%, or 100%) to an amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 7, 13, 16, 17, 25, or 31.

[0289] In some embodiments, the antibody or antibody fragment is modified. In some embodiments, the modification includes fusing the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof with another protein moiety or protein fragment. In some embodiments, the antibody or antibody fragment of the invention is modified to increase its circulating half-life in vivo. For example, the antibody or fragment can be fused to an FcRn molecule (also known as the neonatal Fc receptor) to stabilize the antibody in vivo (Nature Reviews Immunology 7:715-725). In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is complexed (e.g., fused) to an effector molecule and / or another targeting moiety (e.g., a different molecule, or a different antigen, or an antibody or antibody fragment that recognizes a different epitope).

[0290] It is contemplated that one skilled in the art can generate human C5-binding single chain variable fragments (scFv) comprising at least one specific CDR sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 3-5, 8-11, 14, 17, 20, 23, 26, 29, 34, 37, 39, 42-44, 47-49, 52, 54, 57, 62, 65, 68, or one or more variants thereof. The scFv can comprise a designated heavy chain variable region sequence from SEQ ID NOs: 3-5, 17, 20, 26, 34, 37, 39, 42-44, 47-49, 52, 54, 57, 62, 65, 68, or one or more variants thereof, and a designated light chain variable region sequence from SEQ ID NOs: 8-11, 14, 23, 29, or one or more variants thereof. CDR sequences incorporated into an scFv that have at least about 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% amino acid sequence identity to the CDR sequences set forth in this disclosure are included within the scope of this disclosure.

[0291] In some embodiments, the isolated antibody binds to human C5 and binds to an epitope of human C5. In some embodiments, the human C5 antibody of the present invention is an antibody that binds to a specific epitope of human C5. In some embodiments, the epitope comprises at least one amino acid in the α chain of C5. In some embodiments, the epitope comprises at least one amino acid in the β chain of C5.

[0292] Screening assays

[0293] The present invention finds application in a variety of screening assays, including determining whether a candidate anti-C5 antibody is capable of inhibiting complement activity.

[0294] In some embodiments, the level of complement activity in the presence of the candidate anti-C5 antibody is compared to the complement activity detected in a positive control. The positive control includes complement activation in the absence of added test compound. In some embodiments, a candidate anti-C5 antibody is identified as an inhibitor of complement when the complement activity in the presence of the candidate anti-C5 antibody is less than about 70% of the complement activity detected in the positive control, which corresponds to a greater than about 30% inhibition of complement activity in the presence of the test compound. In another embodiment, a candidate anti-C5 antibody is identified as an inhibitor of complement when the complement activity in the presence of the candidate anti-C5 antibody is less than about 80% of the complement activity detected in the positive control, which corresponds to a greater than about 20% inhibition of complement activity in the presence of the test compound. In yet another embodiment, a candidate anti-C5 antibody is identified as an inhibitor of complement when the complement activity in the presence of the candidate anti-C5 antibody is less than about 90% of the complement activity detected in the positive control. This corresponds to greater than about 10% inhibition of complement activity in the presence of the test compound. In some embodiments, the level of complement inhibition by a candidate anti-C5 antibody is compared to the level of inhibition detected in a negative control.

[0295] A wide variety of immunoassay formats are useful methods of the invention, including competitive and non-competitive immunoassay formats, antigen capture assays, two-antibody sandwich assays, and three-antibody sandwich assays (Self et al., 1996, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 7:60-65). The invention should not be construed as limited to any one type of known or as yet unknown assay, but the assay must be capable of detecting complement inhibition.

[0296] Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are useful in the methods of the invention. Enzymes, non-limiting examples of which are horseradish peroxidase (HRP), alkaline phosphatase, β-galactosidase, and urease, can be conjugated to, for example, anti-C5 antibodies or secondary antibodies and used in the methods of the invention. A horseradish peroxidase detection system can be used, for example, with the chromogenic substrate tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), which in the presence of hydrogen peroxide produces a soluble product that is detectable at 450 nm. Other convenient enzyme-linked systems include, for example, an alkaline phosphatase detection system, which can be used with the chromogenic substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate to produce a soluble product that is easily detectable at 405 nm. Similarly, a β-galactosidase detection system can be used with the chromogenic substrate o-nitrophenyl-β-galactopyranoside (ONPG) to produce a soluble product that is detectable at 410 nm. Alternatively, a urease detection system can be used with a substrate such as urea-bromocresol purple (Sigma Immunochemicals, St. Louis, Mo.) Useful primary and secondary antibodies that bind to enzymes can be purchased from any number of sources.

[0297] Chemiluminescent detection is also useful for detecting inhibition of the terminal complement pathway. Chemiluminescent secondary antibodies can be purchased from any number of sources.

[0298] Fluorescence detection is also useful for detecting inhibition of the terminal complement pathway. Non-limiting examples of useful fluorochromes include DAPI, fluorescein, Hoechst 33258, R-phycocyanin, B-phycoerythrin, R-phycoerythrin, rhodamine, Texas Red, Lissamine-labeled antibody, fluorescein-labeled antibody, and rhodamine-labeled antibody.

[0299] Radioimmunoassays (RIA) are also useful in the methods of the present invention. Such assays are well known in the art and are described, for example, in Brophy et al. (1990, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 167:898-903) and Guechot et al. (1996, Clin. Chem. 42:558-563). Radioimmunoassays are performed, for example, using primary or secondary antibodies labeled with iodine-125 (Harlow et al., supra, 1999).

[0300] The signal from the detectable antibody is analyzed, for example, using a spectrophotometer to detect color from a chromogenic substrate, or using a radiation counter to detect radiation (such as a gamma counter to detect iodine-125), or using a fluorometer to detect fluorescence under a given wavelength of light. When an enzyme-linked assay is utilized, a spectrophotometer is used to perform quantitative analysis. It is understood that the assays of the present invention can be performed manually or automated if desired, and that signals from multiple samples can be detected simultaneously with many commercially available systems.

[0301] The methods of the invention also include the use of capillary electrophoresis-based immunoassays (CEIA). CEIA can be automated if desired. Immunoassays can also be used in combination with laser-induced fluorescence, as described, for example, in Schmalzing et al. (1997, Electrophoresis 18:2184-2193) and Bao (1997, J. Chromatogr. B. Biomed. Sci. 699:463-480). Liposome immunoassays (flow-injection liposome immunoassays, liposome immunosensors, etc.) can also be used according to the methods of the invention (Rongen et al., 1997, J. Immunol. Methods 204:105-133).

[0302] Quantitative Western blotting can also be used to determine the level of terminal complement inhibition in the methods of the invention. Western blots are quantified using well-known methods such as scanning densitometry (Parra et al., 1998, J. Vasc. Surg. 28:669-675).

[0303] Method of administration

[0304] The methods of the invention comprise administering a therapeutically effective amount of at least one anti-C5 antibody or binding fragment thereof (e.g., any of the antibodies or fragments thereof described elsewhere herein) to an individual identified as having a complement-mediated disease or disorder. In one embodiment, the individual is a mammal having a complement system. In one embodiment, the individual is a human. In various embodiments, the at least one anti-C5 antibody or binding fragment thereof is administered locally, regionally, or systemically.

[0305] In various embodiments, the disease or disorder is macular degeneration (MD), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), ischemia-reperfusion injury, arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, allergic asthma, lupus, ulcerative colitis, stroke, postoperative systemic inflammatory syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) syndrome, myasthenia gravis, neuromyelitis optica (NMO), multiple sclerosis, delayed graft function, antibody-mediated rejection, atypical hemolytic uremic (aHUS) syndrome, central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), retinal At least one selected from the group consisting of central artery occlusion (CRAO), epidermolysis bullosa, sepsis, organ transplant, inflammation (non-limiting examples of which include inflammation associated with cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and renal dialysis), C3 nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, glomerulonephritis (non-limiting examples of which include antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-mediated glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, and combinations thereof), ANCA-associated vasculitis, Shiga toxin-induced HUS, and antiphospholipid antibody-induced abortion, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the complement-mediated disease is C3 nephropathy. In some embodiments, the complement-mediated disease is macular degeneration (such as age-related macular degeneration). In one embodiment, administration of an anti-C5 antibody inhibits production of C5a or C5b proteins. In some embodiments, the compositions and methods of the present invention are useful for treating subjects, including those suffering from PNH and not responding to treatment with eculizumab. As a non-limiting example, some subjects may have mutations in the alpha chain of C5 that may result in resistance to treatment with eculizumab (see "C5 Genetic Variants and Poor Response to Eculizumab" Nishimura J et al. N Engl J Med. 2014 Feb 13;370(7):632-639).

[0306] Although the methods of the present invention can include administration of at least one anti-C5 antibody or binding fragment thereof, the invention should not be construed as being limited to the anti-C5 antibodies described herein, but rather should be construed as encompassing all known and unknown anti-C5 antibodies that reduce or decrease complement activation.

[0307] The method of the present invention comprises administering at least one anti-C5 antibody or binding fragment thereof to an individual in a therapeutically effective amount, and the composition of the present invention comprises at least one anti-C5 antibody or binding fragment thereof alone or in combination with at least one other therapeutic agent. The present invention can be used in combination with other therapies, such as anti-inflammatory therapies. Examples of anti-inflammatory therapies that can be used in combination with the method of the present invention include, for example, therapies using steroid drugs, as well as therapies using non-steroid drugs.

[0308] The methods of the invention include administering at least one anti-C5 antibody or binding fragment thereof to a subject in a therapeutically effective amount. In some embodiments, the invention includes a method of treating a C5-related disease involving dysregulation of complement signaling by administering a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody of the invention or a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody fragment thereof to reduce the formation of C5a or C5b or MAC in a subject. In some embodiments, the invention includes a method of treating a C5-related disease involving dysregulation of complement signaling by administering a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody or an antibody fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the invention includes a method of treating a C5-related disease involving dysregulation of complement signaling by administering a therapeutically effective amount of an antibody, antibody fragment, polypeptide, peptide, or labeled peptide to reduce activation of the complement activation pathway in a subject. In some embodiments, the method of treatment includes administering a systemically effective dose of an antibody or antibody fragment to systemically reduce the formation of C5a or C5b or MAC in a subject.

[0309] Pharmaceutical compositions useful in practicing the present invention can be administered to deliver a dose of at least about 1 ng, at least about 5 ng, at least about 10 ng, at least about 25 ng, at least about 50 ng, at least about 100 ng, at least about 500 ng, at least about 1 μg, at least about 5 μg, at least about 10 μg, at least about 25 μg, at least about 50 μg, at least about 100 μg, at least about 500 μg, at least about 1 mg, at least about 5 mg, at least about 10 mg, at least about 25 mg, at least about 50 mg, at least about 100 mg, at least about 200 mg, at least about 300 mg, at least about 400 mg, at least about 500 mg per kg of subject body weight. In one embodiment, the dosage administered in the present invention is one that provides a concentration of an anti-C5 antibody of the invention in an individual of at least about 1 pM, at least about 10 pM, at least about 100 pM, at least about 1 nM, at least about 10 nM, at least about 100 nM, at least about 1 μM, at least about 2 μM, at least about 3 μM, at least about 4 μM, at least about 5 μM, at least about 6 μM, at least about 7 μM, at least about 8 μM, at least about 9 μM, at least about 10 μM. In another embodiment, the present invention contemplates administering a dose that results in a concentration of an anti-C5 antibody of the invention in the plasma of an individual of at least about 1 pM, at least about 10 pM, at least about 100 pM, at least about 1 nM, at least about 10 nM, at least about 100 nM, at least about 1 μM, at least about 2 μM, at least about 3 μM, at least about 4 μM, at least about 5 μM, at least about 6 μM, at least about 7 μM, at least about 8 μM, at least about 9 μM, at least about 10 μM.

[0310] In some embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions useful in practicing the present invention can be administered to deliver a dose of about 1 ng or less, about 5 ng or less, about 10 ng or less, about 25 ng or less, about 50 ng or less, about 100 ng or less, about 500 ng or less, about 1 μg or less, about 5 μg or less, about 10 μg or less, about 25 μg or less, about 50 μg or less, about 100 μg or less, about 500 μg or less, about 1 mg or less, about 5 mg or less, about 10 mg or less, about 25 mg or less, about 50 mg or less, about 100 mg or less, about 200 mg or less, about 300 mg or less, about 400 mg or less, about 500 mg or less per kg of subject body weight. In one embodiment, the present invention administers a dose of an anti-C5 antibody of the present invention such that the concentration of the antibody in an individual is about 1 pM or less, about 10 pM or less, about 100 pM or less, about 1 nM or less, about 10 nM or less, about 100 nM or less, about 1 μM or less, about 2 μM or less, about 3 μM or less, about 4 μM or less, about 5 μM or less, about 6 μM or less, about 7 μM or less, about 8 μM or less, about 9 μM or less, or about 10 μM. In another embodiment, the present invention contemplates administering a dose that results in a concentration of an anti-C5 antibody of the invention in the plasma of an individual of about 1 pM or less, about 10 pM or less, about 100 pM or less, about 1 nM or less, about 10 nM or less, about 100 nM or less, about 1 μM or less, about 2 μM or less, about 3 μM or less, about 4 μM or less, about 5 μM or less, about 6 μM or less, about 7 μM or less, about 8 μM or less, about 9 μM or less, about 10 μM or less. Dosage ranges between any two doses disclosed herein are also contemplated.

[0311] Typically, the dose that can be administered to a subject (in some embodiments, a human) in the methods of the present invention ranges from 0.5 μg to about 50 mg per kg of the subject's body weight. However, the exact dose administered will vary depending on a number of factors, non-limiting examples of which include the type of subject, the type of disease being treated, the age of the subject, and the route of administration. In some embodiments, the dose of the compound will vary from about 1 μg to about 10 mg per kg of the subject's body weight. In other embodiments, the dose will vary from about 3 μg to about 1 mg per kg of the subject's body weight.

[0312] The antibody can be administered to a subject several times a day, or less frequently (e.g., once a day, twice a day, three times a day, once a week, twice a week, three times a week, once every two weeks, twice a week, three times a week, once a month, twice a month, three times a month), or even less frequently (e.g., once every few months, or even once or a few times a year, or even less frequently). The frequency of administration will be readily apparent to one of skill in the art and will vary depending on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the severity and type of disease being treated, the type and age of the subject, etc. Formulations of pharmaceutical compositions can be prepared by any method known in the art of pharmacy or any method hereafter developed. In general, such preparations include the steps of combining the active ingredient with a carrier or one or more accessory ingredients, and then shaping or packaging the product into the desired single-dose or multi-dose unit, if necessary or desired.

[0313] Although the description of pharmaceutical compositions provided herein is directed primarily to pharmaceutical compositions suitable for ethical administration to humans, one skilled in the art will recognize that such compositions are generally suitable for administration to any type of subject. Modification of pharmaceutical compositions suitable for administration to humans to compositions suitable for administration to a variety of subjects is well understood, and skilled veterinary pharmacologists can design and perform such modifications, if necessary, with no more than routine experimentation. Non-limiting examples of individuals to which the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be administered include humans and other primates, mammals, including non-human primates that are marketable mammals, cows, pigs, horses, sheep, cats, and dogs.

[0314] Pharmaceutical compositions useful in the methods of the invention may be prepared, packaged, or sold in formulations suitable for ocular, oral, rectal, vaginal, parenteral, topical, pulmonary, intranasal, buccal, intraocular, intravitreal, intramuscular, intradermal, or intravenous administration. Other possible formulations include irregular nanoparticles, liposomal preparations, resealed red blood cells containing the active ingredient, and immunological preparations.

[0315] The pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be prepared, packaged, or sold in bulk, as a single unit dose, or as a plurality of single unit doses. A single dose is a discrete amount of pharmaceutical composition that contains a predetermined amount of active ingredient. The amount of active ingredient is generally equal to the dose of active ingredient that is intended to be administered to an individual, or a simple fraction of such a dose (e.g., half or one-third of such a dose).

[0316] The relative amounts of active ingredient, pharma- ceutically acceptable carrier, and any additional ingredients in the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention will vary depending on the identity, size, and condition of the individual being treated, and will also depend on the route by which the composition is administered. For example, the compositions may contain from 0.1% to 100% (w / w) active ingredient. In various embodiments, the compositions contain the active ingredient in an amount of at least about 1%, at least about 2%, at least about 3%, at least about 4%, at least about 5%, at least about 6%, at least about 7%, at least about 8%, at least about 9%, at least about 10%, at least about 11%, at least about 12%, at least about 13%, at least about 14%, at least about 15%, at least about 16%, at least about 17%, at least about 18%, at least about 19%, at least about 20%, at least about 22%, at least about 24%, at least about 25%, at least about 26%, at least about 27%, at least about 28%, at least about 29%, at least about 30%, at least about 31%, at least about 32%, at least about 33%, at least about 34%, at least about 35%, at least about 36%, at least about 37%, at least about 38%, at least about 39%, at least about 40%, at least about 41%, at least about 42%, at least about 43%, at least about 44%, at least about 45%, at least about 46%, at least about 47%, at least about 48%, at least about 49%, at least about 50%, at least about 51%, at least about 52%, at least about 53%, at least about 54%, at least about 55%, at least about 56%, at least about 57%, at least about 58%, at least about 59%, at least about 60%, at least about 61%, at least about 6 at least about 21%, at least about 22%, at least about 23%, at least about 24%, at least about 25%, at least about 26%, at least about 27%, at least about 28%, at least about 29%, at least about 30%, at least about 31%, at least about 32%, at least about 33%, at least about 34%, at least about 35%, at least about 36%, at least about 37%, at least about 38%, at least about 39%, at least about 40%, at least about 41%, or less At least about 42%, at least about 43%, at least about 44%, at least about 45%, at least about 46%, at least about 47%, at least about 48%, at least about 49%, at least about 50%, at least about 51%, at least about 52%, at least about 53%, at least about 54%, at least about 55%, at least about 56%, at least about 57%, at least about 58%, at least about 59%, at least about 60%, at least about 61%, at least about 62%, at least about 63%, at least about 64%, at least about 65%, at least about 66%, at least about 67%, at least about 68%, at least about 69%, at least about 70%, at least about 71%, at least about 72%, at least about 73%, at least about 74%, at least about 75%, at least about 76%, at least about 77%, at least about 78%, at least about 79%, at least about 80%, at least about 81%, at least about 82%, at least about 83%, at least about 84%,At least about 85%, at least about 86%, at least about 87%, at least about 88%, at least about 89%, at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or at least about 100% (w / w).

[0317] The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may further comprise, in addition to the active ingredient, one or more additional pharma- ceutical active agents.

[0318] Controlled or sustained release formulations of the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention can be prepared utilizing conventional techniques.

[0319] Parenteral administration of a pharmaceutical composition includes any administration characterized by creating a physical gap in the tissue of an individual, and administration of the pharmaceutical composition through gaps in the tissue. Parenteral administration can be local, regional, or systemic. Non-limiting examples of parenteral administration thus include administration of the pharmaceutical composition by injection of the composition, application of the composition through a surgical incision, application of the composition through a non-surgical wound that penetrates the tissue, and the like. In particular, non-limiting examples of possible parenteral administration include intravenous injection, intraocular injection, intravitreal injection, subcutaneous injection, intraperitoneal injection, intramuscular injection, intradermal injection, intrasternal injection, and intratumoral injection.

[0320] A formulation of a pharmaceutical composition suitable for parenteral administration comprises the active ingredient in combination with a pharma- ceutically acceptable carrier, such as sterile water, sterile isotonic saline, or the like. Such formulations can be prepared, packaged, or sold in a form suitable for bolus or continuous administration. Injectable formulations can be prepared, packaged, or sold in unit dose form, such as in ampoules or multi-dose containers containing a preservative. Non-limiting examples of formulations for parenteral administration include suspensions, solutions, emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, pastes, implantable sustained release formulations, and implantable biodegradable formulations. Such formulations can further comprise one or more additional components, non-limiting examples of which include suspending agents, stabilizers, and dispersing agents. In one embodiment of a formulation for parenteral administration, the active ingredient is provided in a dry form (i.e., powder or granules) for reconstitution with a suitable vehicle, such as sterile pyrogen-free water, prior to parenteral administration of the reconstituted composition.

[0321] The pharmaceutical composition may be prepared, packaged, or sold in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or oily suspension or solution. The suspension or solution may be formulated as known in the art and may contain additional ingredients in addition to the active ingredient, such as dispersing agents, wetting agents, suspending agents, and the like. Such sterile injectable formulations may be prepared using non-toxic parenterally acceptable diluents or solvents, such as water or 1,3-butanediol. Non-limiting examples of other acceptable diluents and solvents include Ringer's solution, isotonic sodium chloride solution, fixed oils, such as synthetic monoglycerides and diglycerides. Other useful formulations that may be parenterally administered include those containing the active ingredient in microcrystalline form, in liposomal preparations, or as components of biodegradable polymeric systems. Compositions for sustained release or implantation may include pharma-ceutically acceptable polymeric or hydrophobic materials, such as emulsions, ion exchange resins, sparingly soluble polymers, sparingly soluble salts, and the like.

[0322] The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may be prepared, packaged, or sold in a formulation suitable for pulmonary administration via the buccal cavity. Such formulations may comprise dry particles having a diameter of about 0.5 to about 7 micrometers (in some embodiments, about 1 to about 6 nanometers) that comprise the active ingredient. Such compositions are conveniently in the form of a dry powder for administration using a device with a dry powder reservoir and a propellant flowing toward the device to disperse the powder, or for administration using a self-propelling solvent / powder delivery container (e.g., a device containing the active ingredient dissolved or suspended in a low boiling propellant in a sealed container). In some embodiments, such powders comprise particles at least 98% of the particles by weight have a diameter greater than 0.5 nanometers and at least 95% of the particles by number have a diameter less than 7 nanometers. In some embodiments, at least 95% of the particles by weight have a diameter greater than 1 nanometer and at least 90% of the particles by number have a diameter less than 6 nanometers. In some embodiments, the dry powder compositions comprise a solid fine powder diluent, such as sugar, and are conveniently provided in unit dose form.

[0323] Low boiling propellants generally include a liquid propellant having a boiling point at atmospheric pressure below 65° F. The propellant generally comprises 50-99.9% (w / w) of the composition, and the active ingredient generally comprises 0.1-20% (w / w) of the composition. The propellant may further include additional ingredients such as liquid nonionic surfactants, solid anionic surfactants, solid diluents (which in some embodiments have a particle size similar to that of the particles containing the active ingredient), and the like.

[0324] Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention formulated for pulmonary delivery may also provide the active ingredient in the form of droplets of a solution or suspension. Such formulations may be prepared, packaged, or sold as an optionally sterilized aqueous or dilute alcoholic solution or suspension containing the active ingredient, and may be conveniently administered using any nebulizer or atomizer. Such formulations may further include one or more additional components, non-limiting examples of which include flavoring agents (such as sodium saccharin), volatile oils, buffers, surfactants, and preservatives (such as methyl hydroxybenzoate). In some embodiments, the droplets delivered by this route of administration have an average diameter ranging from about 0.1 to about 200 nanometers.

[0325] This formulation is also useful for intranasal delivery of the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention.

[0326] Another formulation suitable for intranasal administration is a coarse powder containing the active ingredient and having an average particle size of about 0.2 to 500 micrometers. Such a formulation is administered by sniffing, i.e., rapid inhalation through the nasal passage from a container of the powder held close to the nostril.

[0327] Formulations suitable for nasal administration may contain, for example, as little as about 0.1% (w / w) or as much as 100% (w / w) of the active ingredient, and may further include one or more additional ingredients.

[0328] The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention can be prepared, packaged, or sold in a formulation suitable for buccal administration. Such formulations can be in the form of, for example, tablets or lozenges prepared using conventional methods and can contain, for example, 0.1 to 20% (w / w) of the active ingredient, with the remainder being a composition that dissolves or disintegrates in the mouth, and optionally one or more additional ingredients. Alternatively, a formulation suitable for buccal administration can include a powder containing the active ingredient, or can include an aerosolized or atomized solution or suspension containing the active ingredient. In some embodiments, such powdered, aerosolized, or atomized formulations have an average particle or droplet size of about 0.1 to about 200 nanometers when dispersed, and can further include one or more additional ingredients.

[0329] As used herein, non-limiting examples of "additional ingredients" include one or more of the following: excipients; surfactants; dispersing agents; inert diluents; granulating and disintegrating agents; binders; lubricants; sweeteners; flavoring agents; coloring agents; preservatives; physiologically degradable compositions (such as gelatin); aqueous vehicles and solvents; oily vehicles and solvents; suspending agents; dispersing or wetting agents; emulsifying agents, demulcents; buffers; salts; thickening agents; bulking agents; antioxidants; antibiotics; antifungal agents; stabilizers; pharma-ceutical acceptable polymeric or hydrophobic materials. Other "additional ingredients" that may be included in the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention are known in the art and are described, for example, in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (1985, edited by Genaro, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa.), the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0330] Cells that produce antibodies and their antigen-binding fragments

[0331] In some embodiments, the invention is a cell or cell line (such as a host cell) that produces at least one of the anti-C5 antibodies or antigen-binding fragments described herein. In one embodiment, the cell or cell line is a genetically modified cell that produces at least one of the anti-C5 antibodies or antigen-binding fragments described herein. In one embodiment, the cell or cell line is a hybridoma that produces at least one of the anti-C5 antibodies or antigen-binding fragments described herein.

[0332] Hybrid cells (hybridomas) are typically created from the fusion of mouse spleen cells, which are highly enriched for B lymphocytes, with a myeloma "fusion partner cell" (Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, Garland Publishing, Inc., 1994; Harlow et al., Antibodies. A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, 1988). The cells in the fusion are then distributed into pools. These pools can be assayed for the production of antibodies with the desired specificity. Positive pools can be further divided until a single cell clone producing an antibody of the desired characteristics is identified. Antibodies produced by such clones are called monoclonal antibodies.

[0333] Nucleic acids encoding any of the antibodies or antibody fragments described herein are provided, as well as vectors containing these nucleic acids. Thus, the antibodies or antibody fragments of the invention can be produced by expressing the nucleic acid in a cell or cell line, such as a cell line typically used to express recombinant immunoglobulins or humanized immunoglobulins. Thus, the antibodies or antibody fragments of the invention can also be produced by cloning the nucleic acid into one or more expression vectors and transforming a cell line, such as a cell line typically used to express recombinant immunoglobulins or humanized immunoglobulins, with the vector.

[0334] Genes encoding the heavy and light chains of immunoglobulins or fragments thereof can be engineered according to a variety of methods known in the art, including, but not limited to, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (see, e.g., Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 2nd ed., Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1989; Berger and Kimmel, Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 152: Guide to Molecular Cloning Techniques, Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA, 1987; Co et al., 1992, J. Immunol. Vol. 148: 1149). For example, genes encoding heavy and light chains, or fragments thereof, can be cloned from the genomic DNA of antibody-secreting cells. Alternatively, cDNA is generated by reverse transcription of cellular RNA. Cloning is accomplished by conventional techniques, including the use of PCR primers that hybridize to sequences adjacent to or overlapping the gene or segment of the gene to be cloned.

[0335] Nucleic acids encoding an antibody, or heavy or light chain, or fragment thereof, of the invention can be obtained and used in accordance with recombinant nucleic acid techniques to produce specific immunoglobulins, immunoglobulin chains, or fragments or variants thereof in a variety of host cells or in vitro translation systems. For example, a nucleic acid encoding an antibody, or a fragment thereof, can be placed into a suitable prokaryotic or eukaryotic vector (e.g., an expression vector) and introduced into a suitable host cell by a suitable method (e.g., transformation, transfection, electroporation, infection) such that the nucleic acid is operably linked to one or more expression control elements in the vector, for example, or integrated into the genome of the host cell.

[0336] In some embodiments, the heavy and light chains, or fragments thereof, can be assembled by being placed into two different expression vectors that are used to co-transfect a recipient cell. In some embodiments, each vector can contain two or more selectable genes, one for selection in a bacterial system and one for selection in a eukaryotic system. These vectors allow for the production and amplification of genes in a bacterial system, followed by co-transfection into a eukaryotic system and selection of the co-transfected cells. This selection procedure can be used to select for the expression of antibody-encoding nucleic acids introduced into a eukaryotic cell on two different DNA vectors.

[0337] Alternatively, the nucleic acids encoding the heavy and light chains, or fragments thereof, can be expressed from a single vector. Although the light and heavy chains are encoded by separate genes, they can be joined together using recombinant techniques. For example, the two polypeptides can be joined by a synthetic linker that allows them to be assembled into a single protein chain, within which the V L Area and V H The domains pair to form monovalent molecules (known as single-chain Fvs (scFvs); see, e.g., Bird et al., 1988, Science 242:423-426; Huston et al., 1988, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:5879-5883).

[0338] The present invention provides isolated nucleic acid molecules that contain nucleic acid sequences encoding the heavy and / or light chains, as well as fragments thereof. Nucleic acid molecules that contain sequences encoding both the light and heavy chains, or fragments thereof, can be engineered to contain synthetic signal sequences for secretion of the antibody or fragment when introduced into a cell. Additionally, the nucleic acid molecules can contain special DNA links that allow for the insertion of other antibody sequences while maintaining the translation reading frame so that amino acids normally found in antibody sequences are not altered.

[0339] In accordance with the invention, a nucleic acid sequence encoding an antibody can be inserted into an appropriate expression vector. In various embodiments, the expression vector contains the necessary elements for transcribing and translating the inserted antibody-encoding nucleic acid to generate a recombinant DNA molecule that directs the expression of the antibody sequence to form an antibody or fragment thereof.

[0340] Nucleic acids encoding antibodies, or fragments thereof, can be subjected to a variety of recombinant nucleic acid techniques known to those of skill in the art, such as site-directed mutagenesis.

[0341] A variety of methods can be used to express a nucleic acid in a cell. A nucleic acid can be cloned into many types of vectors. However, the invention should not be construed as limited to any particular vector. Instead, the invention should be construed to encompass a wide variety of vectors that are readily available and / or known in the art. For example, a nucleic acid of the invention can be cloned into a vector, non-limiting examples of which include plasmids, phagemids, phage derivatives, animal viruses, and cosmids. Vectors of particular interest include expression vectors, replication vectors, probe generation vectors, and sequencing vectors.

[0342] In a particular embodiment, the expression vector is selected from the group consisting of viral vectors, bacterial vectors, and mammalian cell vectors. Numerous expression vector systems exist that contain at least some or all of the above compositions. Systems based on prokaryotic and / or eukaryotic vectors can be utilized in the present invention to produce polynucleotides or their cognate polynucleotides. Many such systems are commercially available and widely available.

[0343] Viral vector technology is well known in the art and described, for example, in Sambrook et al. (2012), Ausubel et al. (1999), and other textbooks on virology and molecular biology. Non-limiting examples of viruses useful as vectors include retroviruses, adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses, herpes viruses, and lentiviruses. In some embodiments, a murine stem cell virus (MSCV) vector is used to express the desired nucleic acid. MSCV vectors have been demonstrated to efficiently express the desired nucleic acid in cells. However, the present invention should not be limited to the use of MSCV vectors, and any retroviral expression method is included in the present invention. Other examples of viral vectors are vectors based on Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMuLV) and HIV. In some embodiments, a suitable vector contains an origin of replication functional in at least one organism, a promoter sequence, convenient restriction endonuclease sites, and one or more selectable markers. (See, e.g., WO 01 / 96584; WO 01 / 29058; U.S. Patent No. 6,326,193).

[0344] Additional regulatory elements (e.g. enhancers) can be used to regulate the frequency of transcription initiation. The promoter can be a promoter naturally associated with a gene or nucleic acid sequence, obtained by isolating 5' non-coding sequences located upstream of the coding segment and / or exon. Such promoters can be called "endogenous". Similarly, the enhancer can be an enhancer naturally associated with a nucleic acid sequence and located downstream or upstream of this sequence. Alternatively, some advantages may be obtained by placing the coding nucleic acid segment under the control of a recombinant or heterologous promoter, meaning a promoter that is not normally associated with the nucleic acid sequence in its natural environment. Recombinant or heterologous enhancer also means an enhancer that is not normally associated with the nucleic acid sequence in its natural environment. Such promoters or enhancers can include promoters or enhancers of other genes and promoters or enhancers isolated from any other prokaryotic, or viral, or eukaryotic cell, promoters or enhancers that are "not naturally occurring" (e.g. containing various elements of different transcriptional regulatory regions and / or mutations that alter expression). In addition to producing promoter and enhancer nucleic acid sequences synthetically, sequences associated with the compositions disclosed herein can be produced using recombinant cloning and / or nucleic acid amplification techniques, including PCR (U.S. Patent Nos. 4,683,202 and 5,928,906).Furthermore, it is contemplated that control sequences that direct transcription and / or expression of sequences in non-nuclear organelles (mitochondria, chloroplasts, etc.) can also be used.

[0345] Of course, it will be important to use a promoter and / or enhancer that effectively directs expression of the DNA segment in the cell, organelle, or organism type chosen for expression. Those skilled in the art of molecular biology generally know how to use a combination of promoters, enhancers, and cell types to express a protein (see, e.g., Sambrook et al., 2012). The promoter used can be a constitutive promoter, and / or a tissue-specific promoter, and / or an inducible promoter, and / or a promoter that is useful under appropriate conditions to direct high levels of expression of the introduced DNA segment (e.g., advantageous for large-scale production of recombinant proteins and fragments thereof).

[0346] One example of a promoter is the immediate early cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter sequence. This promoter sequence is a strong constitutive promoter sequence capable of driving high levels of expression of any polynucleotide sequence operably linked to it. However, other constitutive promoter sequences can also be used, non-limiting examples of which include the simian virus 40 (SV40) early promoter, mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter, Moloney virus promoter, avian leukosis virus promoter, Epstein-Barr virus immediate early promoter, Rous sarcoma virus promoter, as well as human gene promoters (non-limiting examples of which include the actin promoter, myosin promoter, hemoglobin promoter, and muscle creatine promoter). Furthermore, the present invention should not be limited to the use of constitutive promoters. Inducible promoters are also contemplated as part of the present invention. The use of an inducible promoter in the present invention provides a molecular switch that allows expression of a polynucleotide sequence operably linked to the inducible promoter to be turned on when desired and turned off when expression is not desired. Non-limiting examples of inducible promoters include metallothionein promoters, glucocorticoid promoters, progesterone promoters, and tetracycline promoters. Additionally, the present invention includes the use of tissue-specific or cell type-specific promoters that are only active in the desired tissue or cell. Tissue-specific promoters are well known in the art, and non-limiting examples include the HER-2 promoter sequence and the PSA-related promoter sequence.

[0347] To assess expression of a nucleic acid, the expression vector introduced into a cell may also contain a selectable marker gene and / or a reporter gene to allow easy identification and selection of expressing cells from a population of cells to be transfected or infected with a viral vector. In another embodiment, the selectable marker may be carried on a separate nucleic acid and used in a co-transfection procedure. Both the selectable marker gene and the reporter gene may be flanked by appropriate regulatory sequences to allow expression in the host cell. Useful selectable markers are known in the art and include, for example, antibiotic resistance genes (e.g., neo).

[0348] Reporter genes are used to identify potentially transfected cells and to assess the function of regulatory sequences. Reporter genes that encode proteins that are easily examined are well known in the art. In general, a reporter gene is a gene that is not present or expressed in the recipient organism or tissue, and that encodes a protein whose expression is manifested in some easily detectable characteristic (e.g., enzymatic activity). Expression of the report gene is examined at an appropriate time after the DNA has been introduced into the recipient cells.

[0349] Suitable reporter genes can include genes encoding luciferase, β-galactosidase, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, secreted alkaline phosphatase, or the green fluorescent protein gene (see, e.g., Ui-Tei et al., 2000, FEBS Lett. 479:79-82). Suitable expression systems are well known and can be made using known techniques or obtained commercially. In general, the construct with the minimal 5' flanking region that results in the highest expression level of the report gene is identified as the promoter. Such a promoter region is ligated to the report gene and used to assess the ability of drugs to alter promoter-driven transcription.

[0350] Methods for introducing and expressing nucleic acids into cells are known in the art. In the context of expression vectors, the vectors can be easily introduced into host cells (e.g., mammalian cells, bacterial cells, yeast cells, insect cells) by any method in the art. For example, the expression vectors can be transferred into host cells by any of physical, chemical, or biological means.

[0351] Physical methods for introducing polynucleotides into host cells include calcium phosphate precipitation, lipofection, particle bombardment, microinjection, electroporation, laser poration, etc. Methods for generating cells containing vectors and / or foreign nucleic acids are well known in the art. See, for example, Sambrook et al. (2012) and Ausubel et al. (1999).

[0352] Biological methods for introducing a nucleic acid of interest into a host cell include DNA and RNA vectors. Viral vectors, particularly retroviral vectors, have become the most widely used method for inserting genes into mammalian cells (e.g., human cells). Other viral vectors can be derived from lentiviruses, poxviruses, herpes simplex virus I, adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses, etc. See, e.g., U.S. Patent Nos. 5,350,674 and 5,585,362.

[0353] Chemical methods for introducing nucleic acids into host cells include colloidal dispersion systems, such as macromolecule complexes, nanocapsules, microspheres, beads, lipid-based systems, including oil-in-water emulsions, micelles, mixed micelles, and liposomes. A preferred colloidal system for use as a delivery vehicle in vitro and in vivo is a liposome (e.g., an artificial membrane vesicle). The creation and use of such systems is well known in the art.

[0354] A variety of assays can be performed to verify the presence of a recombinant DNA sequence in a host cell, regardless of the method used to introduce foreign nucleic acid into the host cell or the method used to expose the cell to the nucleic acid of the invention. Such assays include, for example, "molecular biological" assays well known to those of skill in the art (Southern blotting, Northern blotting, RT-PCR, PCR); "biochemical assays" (such as assays that detect the presence or absence of specific peptides, for example, by immunological means (ELISA and Western blot) or the assays described herein, to identify agents within the scope of the invention).

[0355] Non-human animals expressing human C5

[0356] The present invention also includes genetically modified non-human animals that express human C5. In some embodiments, the genetically modified non-human animals that express human C5 also express the non-human animal's C5. In some embodiments, the genetically modified non-human animals that express human C5 do not express the non-human animal's C5. In one embodiment, the present invention is a genetically modified non-human animal that expresses human C5 from the non-human animal's endogenous regulatory elements, but does not express the non-human animal's C5. In some embodiments, the non-human animal is a mammal. In some embodiments, the non-human animal is a rodent. In some embodiments, the non-human animal is a rat or a mouse. In some embodiments, the mouse is an immunodeficient mouse. In some embodiments, the mouse is a NOD / SCID mouse. In some embodiments, the mouse is an FcRn / SCID mouse.

[0357] To generate a genetically modified non-human animal, the nucleic acid encoding the human C5 protein can be incorporated into a recombinant expression vector in a form suitable for expressing the human C5 protein in a host cell. The phrase "in a form suitable for expressing the fusion protein in a host cell" means that the recombinant expression vector contains one or more regulatory sequences operably linked to the nucleic acid encoding the human C5 protein, such that it can be integrated into the genome of the non-human animal and stably and permanently transcribe the nucleic acid into mRNA and translate the mRNA into human C5 protein. The term "regulatory sequence" is recognized in the art and is intended to include promoters, enhancers, and other expression control elements (e.g., polyadenylation signals, PiggyBac transposon elements, Sleeping Beauty transposon elements). Such regulatory sequences are known to those skilled in the art and are described in Goeddel, Gene Expression Technology: Methods in Enzymology 185, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990; Nakanishi H, Higuchi Y, Kawakami S, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Mol Ther. 2010 Apr;18(4):707-714, doi: 10.1038 / mt.2009.302. Epub 2010 Jan 26; Hudecek M, Ivics Z, Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2018 Jun 22;52:100-108, doi: 10.1016 / j.gde.2018.06.003. [Epub ahead of print] Review. The design of the expression vector may depend on the choice of the host cell and / or animal to be transfected, and / or the amount of human C5 protein to be expressed, etc.

[0358] Genetically modified non-human animals can be produced, for example, by introducing a nucleic acid encoding the human C5 protein (typically linked to appropriate regulatory elements, e.g., constitutive or tissue-specific enhancers) into an oocyte, e.g., by microinjection, and allowing the oocyte to develop into a female founder mouse. Such animals can also be produced by introducing a nucleic acid encoding the human C5 protein (typically linked to appropriate regulatory elements, e.g., constitutive or tissue-specific enhancers, and / or PiggyBac and Sleeping Beauty transposon elements) into the tail vein via hydrodynamic injection, as described in Suda T, Liu D, Mol Ther. 2007 December; 15(12):2063-2069, Epub 2007 October 2 Review. Intronic sequences and polyadenylation signals can also be included in the transgene to increase the efficiency of expression of the transgene. Methods for generating genetically modified animals (such as mice) are common in the art and are described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,736,866 and 4,870,009, and in Hogan et al., A Laboratory Manual, 1986, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. If the transgene is introduced into an oocyte, the genetically modified founder animal can be used to breed additional subjects carrying the transgene. Genetically modified animals carrying a transgene encoding a C5 protein generated through oocyte injection of the present invention can be further bred to other genetically modified animals carrying other transgenes or to other knockout animals (e.g., knockout mice that do not express the mouse C5 gene). Genetically modified animals carrying a transgene encoding a C5 protein generated through hydrodynamic tail vein injection can be easily generated using other gene knockout mice or transgenic mice (e.g., FcRn / SCID mice for use in experiments).It will be appreciated that this system can be used to generate other C5-expressing subjects in addition to genetically modified animals.

[0359] In one embodiment, the genetically modified non-human animal expressing human C5 from the regulatory elements of the non-human animal is produced using a system in which the C5 exon sequence (or exon and intron sequence) of the non-human animal is replaced with the human C5 exon sequence (or exon and intron sequence), while one, two or more, or all of the naturally occurring regulatory elements (e.g., promoter, enhancer, flanking region, intron, etc.) sequences of the non-human animal remain unchanged. Any suitable system can be used, but one representative system by which the genetically modified non-human animal can be produced in this way is the CRISPr / Cas9 system. The "CRISPR / Cas" system is a class of bacterial systems widely found for defense against foreign nucleic acids. CRISPR / Cas systems are found in a wide range of eubacteria and archaea. CRISPR / Cas systems include type I, type II, and type II subtypes. Wild-type type II CRISPR / Cas systems utilize the RNA-mediated nuclease Cas9 in a complex with guide and activator RNA to recognize and cleave foreign nucleic acids. Homologs of Cas9 have been found in a variety of eubacteria, including but not limited to bacteria from the following taxonomic groups: Actinobacteria, Acquiflexus, Bacteroidetes-Chlorobium, Chlamydia-Verrucomicrobia, Chloroflexus, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes, and Thermotoga. One representative Cas9 protein is that of Streptococcus pyogenes. Additional Cas9 proteins and homologs thereof are described, for example, in Chylinksi et al., RNA Biol. 2013 May 1;10(5):726-737; Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2011 June;9(6):467-477; Hou et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013 Sept. 24;110(39):15644-15649; Sampson et al., Nature. 2013 May 9;497(7448):254-257; Jinek et al., Science. 2012 Aug. 17;337(6096):816-821.

[0360] In one embodiment, the genetically modified non-human animal of the invention expresses human C5 from an endogenous promoter. Non-limiting examples of promoters useful in the invention include the native mouse promoter, DNA polymerase II promoter, PGK promoter, ubiquitin promoter, albumin promoter, globin promoter, ovalbumin promoter, SV40 early promoter, Rous sarcoma (RSV) promoter, β-actin promoter, retroviral LTR, and lentiviral LTR. Promoter and enhancer expression systems useful in the invention also include inducible and / or tissue-specific expression systems.

[0361] In some embodiments, the genetically modified non-human animals of the invention that express human C5 are used to screen, test, evaluate, or assess anti-C5 antibodies. In some embodiments, the genetically modified non-human animals of the invention that express human C5 are used to screen, test, evaluate, or assess the characteristics, properties, or activity of anti-C5 antibodies.

[0362] kit

[0363] The invention also includes a kit comprising an anti-C5 antibody of the invention, or a combination thereof, and instructional materials, e.g., for administering the anti-C5 antibody, or a combination thereof, to an individual, either as a therapeutic treatment or a non-therapeutic use, as described elsewhere herein. In one embodiment, the kit further comprises a pharma- ceutically acceptable carrier, optionally sterile, suitable for dissolving or suspending a therapeutic composition comprising an anti-C5 antibody of the invention, or a combination thereof, e.g., prior to administering the antibody to an individual. Optionally, the kit comprises an applicator for administering the antibody.

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[0386] The invention will now be described with reference to the following examples, which are presented for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way to these examples, but rather as embracing any and all variations which become evident as a result of the teachings presented herein.

[0387] Without further elaboration, it is believed that one of ordinary skill in the art will be able, using the preceding description and the following specific examples, to make and utilize the compounds and practice the methods of the present invention, and therefore, the following working examples are not to be construed as limiting in any way the remainder of the disclosure.

[0388] Example 1

[0389] Variants of humanized 2G1 (VH-11801 (SEQ ID NO: 2) and VL-1901 (SEQ ID NO: 7)) were generated with the goal of developing variants with improved binding to C5 at pH 7.4 and reduced binding to C5 at pH 5.8 (see Figure 1).

[0390] The approach described herein is based on the understanding that mAb affinity and blocking efficacy measured in vitro do not necessarily correlate with the mAb's in vivo half-life, or PK, or PD. This is in part because soluble antigens (such as C5) present in high concentrations in the blood form immune complexes (i.e., mAbs that bind to antigens) that are targeted for removal from the body. Thus, large antibody concentrations in the blood are generally required to block the activity of such soluble antigens in vivo.

[0391] The approach described herein is based on the understanding that the in vivo efficacy of therapeutic antibodies can be enhanced by generating mAbs with "pH-dependent" binding properties to increase the recycling or half-life of the antibody (and therefore PK) and accelerate the degradation of the antigen within the cell. A desirable property in this regard is that the therapeutic mAb binds well to the antigen (e.g., C5) at near neutral pH (pH approx. 7.4), which is the pH of blood. In this way, the antibody effectively blocks the activity of the antigen (e.g., C5). This immune complex is then taken up by the cell and transported to the endosome, where it is degraded by proteolysis. The pH of early endosomes is acidic (pH approx. 6.0). Therefore, when the therapeutic mAb does not bind well to the corresponding antigen at acidic pH, it dissociates from the immune complex and is picked up by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) back into the plasma. In this way, while only the antigen (e.g., C5) is degraded through the endosomal proteolytic pathway, the recycling of the mAb through FcRn contributes to the long-term persistence of the mAb in the plasma.

[0392] mAbs containing histidine residues in the CDRs are protonated (H + ), which may result in weaker binding affinity when protonated at acidic pH. The approach described herein utilizes a "histidine scan" of all CDR residues (i.e., replacement of each CDR residue with histidine). The concentration of mAb and C5 is then measured at pH 7.4 and pH 5.8 using an Octet instrument (Pall ForteBio) to identify histidine-substituted variants that dissociate relatively quickly at pH 5.8 and relatively slowly at pH 7.4.

[0393] The parental humanized 2G1 mAbs (VH-11801 (SEQ ID NO: 2) and VL-1901 (SEQ ID NO: 7)) appeared to have better affinity for C5 at pH 5.8 (see FIG. 7). Single substitution variants with histidine substitutions at each residue position in each of the six CDRs of the mAbs (VH-11801 (SEQ ID NO: 2) and VL-1901 (SEQ ID NO: 7)) were generated and pH-dependent binding properties were evaluated. VH and VL plasmids were constructed for each variant and then transiently transfected into HEK cells. Binding of the mAbs in the cell culture supernatant was examined at pH 5.8 and pH 7.4.

[0394] Of these single substitution variants, three (mAb L3-1, mAb L1-2, mAb H1-4) showed some improvement in pH-dependent binding. The sequence of mAb L3-1 is shown in Figure 2 (SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, 8, 9, 11-13). The sequence of mAb L1-2 is shown in Figure 3 (SEQ ID NOs: 1-5, 9, 10, 14-16). The sequence of mAb H1-4 is shown in Figure 4 (SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, 6-10, 17-19).

[0395] In addition to generating single-substitution variants, we combined single-substitution light chains with single-substitution heavy chains to generate double-substitution variants. Of these double-substitution variants, two (mAb H1-8 / L1-9 and mAb H2-6 / L3-5) showed some improvement in pH-dependent binding. The sequence of mAb H1-8 / L1-9 is shown in Figure 5 (SEQ ID NOs: 4, 5, 9, 10, 20-25). The sequence of mAb H2-6 / L3-5 is shown in Figure 6 (SEQ ID NOs: 3, 5, 8, 9, 26-31).

[0396] Octet traces of C5 binding and dissociation for the parent humanized mAb 2G1 with VH-11801 (SEQ ID NO:2) and VL-1901 (SEQ ID NO:7) and various single and double histidine mutants are shown in Figures 7-12. The relative activity of these antibodies in blocking C5 function was compared to the parent humanized mAb 2G1 (VH-11801 / VL-1901) using a sheep red blood cell lysis assay and is shown in Figures 13 and 14. All other mutants showed reduced activity, except for mAb L3-1, which showed the same or improved activity as the parent humanized mAb 2G1. In the case of the two double substitution variants, the activity was greatly reduced in mAb H1-8 / L1-9, which essentially lost all C5 blocking activity. This is not surprising. Because at pH 5.8 a somewhat faster than desired dissociation was observed for mAb H1-8 / L1-9 and mAb H2-6 / L3-5, dissociation at pH 7.4 was also dramatically accelerated (which explains the loss of activity).

[0397] Although the histidine-substituted variants shown above have less activity in vitro, they may have improved half-lives in vivo and therefore may have improved PK / PD properties over the parent mAb due to reduced degradation caused by pH-dependent binding.

[0398] To study in vivo PK / PD, we developed C5-humanized mice by hydrodynamic injection of human C5 cDNA containing Sleeping Beauty transposon elements into NOD / SCID mice via the tail vein to permanently express human C5. NOD mice are naturally C5-deficient, so endogenous mouse C5 does not interfere with pharmacodynamic (PD) assays. The SCID genetic background ensures that transgene-expressed human C5 does not elicit an immune response against human C5. The C5-humanized mice were developed by hydrodynamic injection of human C5 plasmid containing Sleeping Beauty transposon sequence elements for stable integration into the genome. Representative data showing high levels of human C5 expression in NOD / SCID mice are shown in Figure 16. We observed that plasma concentrations of C5 typically ranged from 50 to 120 μg / ml. This is comparable to the concentration of C5 in human plasma, which is approximately 80 μg / ml.

[0399] PK / PD was evaluated for five histidine-substituted variants (i.e., mAb L3-1, mAb L1-2, mAb H1-4, mAb H1-8 / L1-9, and mAb H2-6 / L3-5). Two double-substituted variants (i.e., mAb H1-8 / L1-9 and mAb H2-6 / L3-5) showed the greatest persistence. Of the three single-substituted variants, mAb H1-4 and mAb L1-2 showed better persistence than mAb L3-1 (Figure 17). Thus, mAb L3-1 had the greatest affinity at pH 7.4 and blocked activity against human C5 in vitro, but had the shortest half-life. Interestingly, except for mAb H1-8 / L1-9, which did not block any activity in vivo, all other variants had improved PD profiles compared to the parent humanized 2G1 mAb (VH-11801, VL-1901) (see Figures 18 and 19).

[0400] Variant mAb H1-8 / L1-9 showed the best pH binding differential (i.e., antigen dissociation occurred much faster at pH 5.8 than at pH 7.4 (see Figure 12)), but lost much of its blocking activity (due to increased antigen dissociation at pH 7.4), so parsimonious mutagenesis was performed to randomly substitute each residue within the six CDRs of H1-8 / L1-9 (while retaining the histidine substitutions of H1-8 and L1-9). In an ELISA plate assay of the scFv constructs, three "hot spots" were identified in the VH that significantly improved binding at pH 7.4. These residues were leucine located at position 9 in VH CDR1 for SEQ ID NO:20 (i.e., L9), proline located at position 4 in VH CDR2 for SEQ ID NO:4 (i.e., P4), and valine located at position 16 in VH CDR3 for SEQ ID NO:5 (i.e., V16). The substitutions showing the most improved binding were: L9→W9 (i.e., L9W), L9→I9 (i.e., L9I), L9→V9 (i.e., L9V), L9→Y9 (i.e., L9Y), L9→F9 (i.e., L9F), P4→F4 (i.e., P4F), P4→L4 (i.e., P4L), P4→M4 (i.e., P4M), P4→W4 (i.e., P4W), P4→I4 (i.e., P4I), V16→F16 (i.e., V16F), V16→E16 (i.e., V16E), V16→W16 (i.e., V16W) (see FIG. 20).

[0401] Thirteen of these substitutions (i.e. L9→W9 (i.e. L9W), L9→I9 (i.e. L9I), L9→V9 (i.e. L9V), L9→Y9 (i.e. L9Y), L9→F9 (i.e. L9F), P4→F4 (i.e. P4F), P4→L4 (i.e. P4L), P4→M4 (i.e. P4M), P4→W4 (i.e. P4W), P4→I4 (i.e. P4I), V16→F16 (i.e. V16F), V16→E16 (i.e. V16E), V16→W16 (i.e. V16W)) were generated and their pH-dependent binding properties as IgG were evaluated. For each variant, VH and VL plasmids were constructed and then transiently transfected into Expi-CHO cells. Binding of mAbs contained in the cell culture supernatant was examined at pH 5.8 and pH 7.4. Figures 21 and 22 summarize the C5 binding properties of these variants. Figure 21 shows the ratio of C5 binding signal to mAb binding signal, and Figure 22 shows the % decrease from peak binding signal at pH 7.4 and pH 5.8 after switching from the association to the dissociation phase. For any given variant, a larger ratio is preferred in Figure 21, and a smaller % dissociation at pH 7.4 (knitted bars) and a larger % dissociation at pH 5.8 (checkered bars) are preferred in Figure 22.

[0402] From this screen of these 13 mAb H1-8 / L1-9 single histidine substitution variants, seven variants were selected to generate the 18 combination substitution variants listed in Figure 23 (i.e., L9I / P4M, L9I / P4W, L9I / P4F, L9F / P4M, L9F / P4W, L9F / P4F, L9I / P4M / V1 These 18 combinatorial substitution variants were generated and their pH-dependent binding properties were evaluated. For each variant, VH and VL plasmids were constructed and then transiently transfected into Expi-CHO cells. Binding of mAbs in the cell culture supernatant was examined at pH 5.8 and pH 7.4.

[0403] Figures 24 and 25 summarize the C5 binding properties of these 18 combinatorial substitution variants. Figure 24 shows the ratio of C5 binding signal to mAb signal, and Figure 25 shows the % decrease from peak binding signal at pH 7.4 and pH 5.8, respectively, after switching from the association to the dissociation phase. For any given variant, a larger ratio is preferred in Figure 24, and a smaller % dissociation at pH 7.4 (knitted bars) and a larger % dissociation at pH 5.8 (checkered bars) are preferred in Figure 25.

[0404] Example 2

[0405] Further analysis and data mining of the affinity maturation project identified a T to His mutation at position 9 of CDR2 as another promising random mutation to restore binding of mAb H1-8 / L1-9 at pH 7.4 (Figures 26-28). Global changes of each residue in the VH and VL CDRs to histidine were also performed and each mutant was examined for binding to human C5 at pH 7.4 and pH 5.8. The aim was to find a mutant that would maximize the pH-dependent binding difference while maintaining C5 blocking activity. A number of mutants were therefore characterized and examined, including a double mutant VH1-8 / VL1-9 with a His mutation at amino acid 8 in CDR1 of VH and amino acid 9 in CDR1 of VL (Figures 5, 30, 31). The double mutant (referred to as "VH1-8 / VL1-9"; Figure 5) exhibited the largest pH-dependent binding difference but lost most of its activity. Therefore, we used an affinity maturation process to identify a number of random mutants within the CDRs of H1-8 / L1-9 that increased binding at pH 7.4 (binding at pH 7.4 correlates with C5 blocking activity) while still maintaining a difference in binding between pH 7.4 and pH 5.8.

[0406] Furthermore, a number of double and triple mutants against H1-8 / L1-9 were generated by combining the top ranked single mutants. The binding profiles of these double and triple mutants at pH 7.4 and pH 5.8 were examined and characterized by the supernatants of transiently transfected cell cultures. IWW, IFW, FME, and FMW were selected as the top four triple mutant clones for H1-8 / L1-9 based on the maximum binding difference compared at pH 7.4 and pH 5.8, and the best binding at pH 7.4. IWW, IFW, FME, and FMW were expressed and the proteins were purified to confirm the pH-dependent binding properties. C5 inhibitory activity was also examined in an erythrocyte lysis assay (Figure 29, Figure 30, Figure 32-Figure 34).

[0407] The above triple mutant was further combined with a new His mutation (CDR2, position 9 of VH, T to H mutation) to generate four quadruple mutants (IWWH, IFWH, FMEH, FMWH; e.g., FIG. 31). The pH-dependent binding properties and C5 inhibitory activity of these new mutants were examined. Among these, the quadruple mutant FMEH was identified as an improved mutant over its triple mutant parent molecule FME (FIGS. 35-37).

[0408] In addition to the C5-humanized mice described in Example 1 based on NOD / SCID mice, which were generated by hydrodynamic injection to study the in vivo PK / PD of some of the engineered anti-C5 mAb mutants, we also generated C5-humanized mice on a SCID / FcRn transgenic mouse background (human FcRn transgene and mouse FcRn knockout). The latter line allowed us to study the effect of combining the pH-dependent anti-C5 mAb mutants with a further engineered Fc domain of an IgG4 antibody construct (three mutations in the F...

Claims

1. A pH-dependent antibody that specifically binds to human C5, comprising at least one CDR selected from the group consisting of: VH-CDR1 comprising a variant of SEQ ID NO: 3 having at least one substitution relative to SEQ ID NO: 3; VH-CDR2 comprising a variant of SEQ ID NO: 4 having at least one substitution relative to SEQ ID NO: 4; VH-CDR3 comprising a variant of SEQ ID NO: 5 having at least one substitution relative to SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1 comprising a variant of SEQ ID NO: 8 having at least one substitution relative to SEQ ID NO: 8; VL-CDR2 comprising a variant of SEQ ID NO: 9 having at least one substitution relative to SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3 comprising a variant of SEQ ID NO: 10 having at least one substitution relative to SEQ ID NO:

10.

2. The antibody of claim 1, wherein the binding of the antibody is pH-dependent and binds more strongly to C5 at neutral pH than at acidic pH.

3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, wherein the CDRs include VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 47; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 57; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 49; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

4. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59 or a variant thereof.

5. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or one or more variants thereof.

6. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, wherein the CDRs include VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 3; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 4; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 11, or one or more variants thereof.

7. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or a variant thereof.

8. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13 or a variant thereof.

9. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, or one or more variants thereof.

10. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, wherein the CDRs include VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 3; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 4; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 14; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

11. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 or a variant thereof.

12. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16 or a variant thereof.

13. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16, or one or more variants thereof.

14. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, wherein the CDRs include VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 17; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 4; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

15. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19 or a variant thereof.

16. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7 or a variant thereof.

17. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, or one or more variants thereof.

18. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, wherein the CDRs include VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 20; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 4; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

19. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22 or a variant thereof.

20. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25 or a variant thereof.

21. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or one or more variants thereof.

22. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, wherein the CDRs include VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 3; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 26; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 29, or one or more variants thereof.

23. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28 or a variant thereof.

24. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31 or a variant thereof.

25. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31, or one or more variants thereof.

26. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, wherein the CDRs include VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 3; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 34; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 5; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 8; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

27. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36 or a variant thereof.

28. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 36 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 7, or one or more variants thereof.

29. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, wherein the CDRs include VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 37; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 38; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 39; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

30. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41 or a variant thereof.

31. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 41 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or one or more variants thereof.

32. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, wherein the CDRs include VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 42; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 43; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 44; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

33. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 46 or a variant thereof.

34. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 46 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or one or more variants thereof.

35. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, wherein the CDRs include VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 47; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 48; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 49; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

36. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51 or a variant thereof.

37. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or one or more variants thereof.

38. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, wherein the CDRs include VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 52; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 53; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 54; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

39. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56 or a variant thereof.

40. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or one or more variants thereof.

41. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, wherein the CDRs include VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 37; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 62; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 39; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

42. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64 or a variant thereof.

43. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or one or more variants thereof.

44. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, wherein the CDRs include VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 42; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 65; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 44; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

45. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67 or a variant thereof.

46. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 67 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or one or more variants thereof.

47. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, wherein the CDRs include VH-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 52; VH-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 68; VH-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 54; VL-CDR1: SEQ ID NO: 23; VL-CDR2: SEQ ID NO: 9; and VL-CDR3: SEQ ID NO: 10, or one or more variants thereof.

48. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70 or a variant thereof.

49. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising a heavy chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 70 and a light chain comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, or one or more variants thereof.

50. 50. The antibody of any one of claims 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 26, 29, 32, 35, 38, 41, 44, or 47, comprising a substitution at proline 4 (P4) position in VH-CDR2 relative to SEQ ID NO:

4.

51. 51. The antibody of claim 50, wherein the substitution at position proline 4 (P4) is one selected from the group consisting of P4→F4 (P4F), P4→L4 (P4L), P4→M4 (P4M), P4→W4 (P4W), and P4→I4 (P4I).

52. 52. The antibody of claim 51, comprising a substitution at position proline 4 (P4) in VH-CDR2 relative to SEQ ID NO:4 and a substitution at position threonine 9 in VH-CDR2 relative to SEQ ID NO:

4.

53. 53. The antibody of claim 52, wherein the substitution at position proline 4 (P4) is one selected from the group consisting of P4→F4 (P4F), P4→L4 (P4L), P4→M4 (P4M), P4→W4 (P4W), and P4→I4 (P4I), and the substitution at position threonine 9 (T9) is one selected from the group consisting of T9→H9 (T9H), T9→F9 (T9F), T9→L9 (T9L), T9→M9 (T9M), T9→W9 (T9W), and T9→I9 (T9I).

54. 50. The antibody of any one of claims 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 26, 29, 32, 35, 38, 41, 44, or 47, comprising a substitution at position valine 16 (V16) in VH-CDR3 relative to SEQ ID NO:

5.

55. 55. The antibody of claim 54, wherein the substitution at position valine 16 (V16) is one selected from the group consisting of V16→F16 (V16F), V16→E16 (V16E), and V16→W16 (V16W).

56. 50. The antibody of any one of claims 15, 19, 23, 26, 29, 32, 35, 38, 41, 44, or 47, comprising a substitution at position leucine 9 (L9) in VH-CDR1 relative to SEQ ID NO:

20.

57. 57. The antibody of claim 56, wherein the substitution at position leucine 9 (L9) is one selected from the group consisting of L9→W9 (L9W), L9→I9 (L9I), L9→V9 (L9V), L9→Y9 (L9Y), and L9→F9 (L9F).

58. The antibody of any one of claims 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 26, 29, 32, 35, 38, 41, 44, or 47, comprising two or more substitutions selected from the group consisting of proline 4 (P4) in VH-CDR2 relative to SEQ ID NO: 4, threonine 9 (T9) in VH-CDR2 relative to SEQ ID NO: 4, valine 16 (V16) in VH-CDR3 relative to SEQ ID NO: 5, and leucine 9 (L9) in VH-CDR1 relative to SEQ ID NO:

20.

59. L9I / P4M, L9I / P4W, L9I / P4F, L9F / P4M, L9F / P4W, L9F / P4F, L9I / P4M / V16W, L9I / P4W / V16W, L9I / P4F / V16W, L9F / P4M / V16W, L9F / P4W / V16 W, L9F / P4F / V16W, L9I / P4M / V16E, L9I / P4W / V16E, L9I / P4F / V16E, L9F / P4M / V16E, L9F / P4W / V16E, L9F / P4F / V16E, L9I / P4M / T9H / V16W, L 59. The antibody of claim 58, comprising two or more substitutions selected from the group consisting of 9I / P4W / T9H / V16W, L9I / P4F / T9H / V16W, L9F / P4M / T9H / V16W, L9F / P4W / T9H / V16W, L9F / P4F / T9H / V16W, L9I / P4M / T9H / V16E, L9I / P4W / T9H / V16E, L9I / P4F / T9H / V16E, L9F / P4M / T9H / V16E, L9F / P4W / T9H / V16E, and L9F / P4F / T9H / V16E.

60. 3. The antibody of claim 1 or 2, comprising an Fc fragment.

61. 61. The antibody of claim 60, comprising a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:

32.

62. 61. The antibody of claim 60, comprising a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33 and having a S108P mutation relative to SEQ ID NO:

32.

63. The antibody of claim 60, comprising a human IgG4 Fc fragment comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 61 and having S108P, M308L and N314A mutations relative to SEQ ID NO:

32.

64. 64. A method of treating a complement pathway mediated disease or disorder in an individual, comprising administering to said individual an anti-C5 antibody of any one of claims 1 to 63.

65. The disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of macular degeneration (MD), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), ischemia-reperfusion injury, arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, ulcerative colitis, stroke, postoperative systemic inflammatory syndrome, asthma, allergic asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) syndrome, myasthenia gravis, neuromyelitis optica (NMO), multiple sclerosis, delayed graft function, antibody-mediated rejection, atypical hemolytic uremic (aHUS) syndrome, central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), central retinal artery occlusion (CRVO), and / or retinal ostracism (ROO). AO), epidermolysis bullosa, sepsis, organ transplantation, inflammation (non-limiting examples of which include inflammation associated with cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and renal dialysis), C3 nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, glomerulonephritis (non-limiting examples of which include antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-mediated glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, and combinations thereof), ANCA-associated vasculitis, Shiga toxin-induced HUS, and antiphospholipid antibody-induced abortion, or any combination thereof.

66. 64. A method of reducing the activity of the complement system in an individual, comprising administering to the individual an antibody via a route of administration selected from the group consisting of enteral administration, parenteral administration, and combinations thereof, wherein the antibody is an antibody according to any one of claims 1 to 63.

67. The antibody is a Fab, Fab', F(ab) 2 , F(ab') 2 , scFv, and combinations thereof.

68. A cell comprising an antibody according to at least one of claims 1 to 63.

69. A cell according to claim 68, which produces an antibody according to at least one of claims 1 to 63.

70. The cell of claim 69, which is a hybridoma.

71. A genetically modified non-human animal that expresses human C5.

72. 72. The genetically modified non-human animal of claim 71, which is a rodent.

73. 73. The genetically modified non-human animal of claim 72, which is a mouse.

74. 73. The genetically modified non-human animal of claim 72, which is a NOD / SCID mouse.

75. The genetically modified non-human animal of claim 72, which is an FcRn / SCID mouse.

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