Film, member, transfer member, transfer device, fixing device, and image forming apparatus

Abstract

To provide a film that has a surface having high oil repellent properties even in a high temperature environment.SOLUTION: The film includes resin, and particles of a siloxane compound having a structure represented by the formula: [RSiO1.5]n (in the formula, R represents an organic group, and n represents an integer of 2 or more), and in which at least one R in the formula is a group including an alkyl group. In a spatial distribution of the particles present in an evaluation area of 63 μm×42 μm, the integrated value of a statistic L(r) represented by the formula (1) in the inter-particle distance r of 0.05 μm or more and 5.00 μm or less, is 0 or more and 1.6 or less.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a film, a member, a transfer member, a transfer device, a fixing device, and an image forming apparatus. [Background technology]

[0002] In an image forming apparatus (such as a copier, a facsimile, or a printer) using an electrophotographic method, a toner image formed on the surface of an image carrier is transferred to the surface of a recording medium and fixed on the recording medium to form an image. An image forming apparatus uses a member having a release property on its surface.

[0003] For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a fixing member comprising "a substrate and an outermost layer formed on the substrate, the outermost layer comprising a plurality of silsesquioxane-based particles and a plurality of carbon nanotubes dispersed in a polymer matrix."

[0004] Patent Document 2 describes a fixing member having a substrate, an elastic layer, a resin layer, and a release layer in this order, the release layer having a surface MD-1 Type C hardness of 65 to 90, the release layer having a surface hardness of 0.3 GPa to 2.5 GPa measured by a nanoindenter method, the release layer having a laminate obtained by removing the substrate and the elastic layer from the fixing member, and the resin layer having a linear expansion coefficient of 1.0×10 -4 / °C or less." [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] JP 2010-262290 A [Patent Document 2] JP 2017-97279 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] The subject of the present invention is a method for producing a polymerizable composition comprising a resin and a polymerizable compound of the formula [RSiO 1.5 ] n and particles of a siloxane compound having a structure represented by the following formula (wherein R represents an organic group, and n represents an integer of 2 or more), wherein at least one R in the formula is a group containing an alkyl group, wherein, in a spatial distribution of the particles present in an evaluation area of ​​63 μm × 42 μm, the integral value of a statistic L(r) represented by formula (1) described below when the inter-particle distance r is 0.05 μm or more and 5.00 μm or less exceeds 1.6, compared to a film whose surface exhibits high oil repellency even in a high temperature environment. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] Means for solving the above problems include the following aspects. <1> Resin and a compound having the formula: [RSiO 1.5 ] n and particles of a siloxane compound having a structure represented by the formula: (wherein R represents an organic group, and n represents an integer of 2 or more), and at least one R in the formula is a group containing an alkyl group, A film, in which in the spatial distribution of the particles present in an evaluation area of ​​63 μm × 42 μm, the integral value of the statistic L(r) expressed by the following formula (1) when the inter-particle distance r is 0.05 μm or more and 5.00 μm or less is 0 or more and 1.6 or less.

[0008]

number

[0009] In the formula (1), r represents the interparticle distance, and K(r) represents Ripley's K function K(r) represented by the following formula (2).

[0010]

number

[0011] In the formula (2), 1(|X i -X j|≦r) indicates the indicator function, and X i and X j indicate the coordinates of point i and point j, respectively, and |X i -X j | is the coordinate X i and coordinate X j represents the Euclidean distance between the particles, r represents the interparticle distance, and s(|X i -X j |) indicates the edge correction coefficient s(x) of the evaluation area expressed by the following formula (3), and x = |X i -X j |, where N represents the total number of particles in the evaluation area, and λ represents the number density of particles in the evaluation area.

[0012]

number

[0013] In the formula (3), L x and L y are the lengths (μm) of the sides of the evaluation area in the x-axis and y-axis directions, respectively, and x = |X i -X j | and X i and X j indicate the coordinates of point i and point j, respectively, and |X i -X j | is the coordinate X i and coordinate X j This shows the Euclidean distance between

[0014] <2> The average particle size of the particles is 0.05 μm or more and 3.0 μm or less. <1> The film according to claim 1. <3> The average particle size of the particles is 0.05 μm or more and 1.0 μm or less. <2> The film according to claim 1. <4> The content of the particles is 1% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less with respect to the mass of the resin. <1> The film according to claim 1. <5> The content of the particles is 1% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less with respect to the mass of the resin. <4> The film according to claim 1. <6> The peel strength of the surface at 140℃ is 24kPa or less <1> ~ <5> 13. The film according to claim 12,

[0015] <7> The layers that make up the outer surface are: <1> ~ <6> 13. A member having the film according to any one of claims 1 to 12. <8> The layer constituting the outer surface further contains conductive particles. <1> ~ <6> A transfer member having the film according to any one of the above items. <9> A first rotating body and a second rotating body arranged in contact with an outer surface of the first rotating body, At least one of the first rotating body and the second rotating body, <7> A fixing device comprising the member described in claim 1. <10> An image carrier; a charging device for charging the surface of the image carrier; an electrostatic latent image forming device for forming an electrostatic latent image on a charged surface of the image carrier; a developing device that contains a developer containing a toner and develops an electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image carrier with the developer to form a toner image; a transfer device for transferring the toner image onto a surface of a recording medium; Fixing the toner image on the surface of a recording medium; <9> a fixing device according to the above; An image forming apparatus comprising:

[0016] <11> <7> an intermediate transfer body having an outer peripheral surface on which a toner image is transferred; a primary transfer device for primarily transferring a toner image formed on a surface of an image carrier onto a surface of the intermediate transfer body; a secondary transfer device that secondarily transfers the toner image transferred onto the surface of the intermediate transfer body onto a surface of a recording medium; A transfer device comprising: <12> <8> an intermediate transfer body having an outer peripheral surface on which a toner image is transferred; a primary transfer device for primarily transferring a toner image formed on a surface of an image carrier onto a surface of the intermediate transfer body; a secondary transfer device that secondarily transfers the toner image transferred onto the surface of the intermediate transfer body onto a surface of a recording medium; A transfer device comprising: <13> An image carrier; a charging device for charging the surface of the image carrier; an electrostatic latent image forming device for forming an electrostatic latent image on a charged surface of the image carrier; a developing device that contains a developer containing a toner and develops an electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image carrier with the developer to form a toner image; transferring the toner image onto a surface of a recording medium; <11> or <12> A transfer device according to the present invention; a fixing device for fixing the toner image onto a surface of a recording medium; An image forming apparatus comprising: Effect of the Invention

[0017] <1> According to the present invention, a resin and a polymer having the formula: [RSiO 1.5 ] n and particles of a siloxane compound having a structure represented by the following formula (wherein R represents an organic group, and n represents an integer of 2 or more), in which at least one R in the formula is a group containing an alkyl group, wherein, in a spatial distribution of the particles present in an evaluation area of ​​63 μm × 42 μm, the integral value of a statistic L(r) represented by formula (1) described below when the inter-particle distance r is 0.05 μm or more and 5.00 μm or less exceeds 1.6, compared to a film whose surface exhibits high oil repellency even in a high temperature environment.

[0018] <2> According to the present invention, a film is provided whose surface exhibits high oil repellency even in a high temperature environment, as compared with a case in which the average particle size of the particles exceeds 3.0 μm. <3> According to the present invention, a film is provided whose surface exhibits high oil repellency even in a high temperature environment, as compared with a case in which the average particle size of the particles is more than 1.0 μm and 3.0 μm or less. <4> According to the present invention, a film is provided whose surface exhibits high oil repellency even in a high temperature environment, compared to a case in which the content of particles relative to the resin exceeds 50 mass %. <5> According to the present invention, a film is provided whose surface exhibits high oil repellency even in a high temperature environment, compared to a case in which the content of particles relative to the resin is more than 10 mass % and 50 mass % or less. <6> According to the present invention, a film is provided whose surface exhibits high oil repellency even in a high temperature environment, as compared with a film whose surface exhibits a peel strength of more than 24 kPa at 140°C.

[0019] <7> , <8> , <9> , <10> , <11> , <12> , and <13> According to the present invention, a resin and a polymer having the formula: [RSiO 1.5 ] n and particles of a siloxane compound having a structure represented by the following formula (wherein R represents an organic group, and n represents an integer of 2 or more), in which at least one R in the formula is a group containing an alkyl group, wherein in a spatial distribution of the particles present in an evaluation area of ​​63 μm × 42 μm, an integral value of a statistic L(r) represented by formula (1) described below exceeds 1.6 when the inter-particle distance r is 0.05 μm or more and 5.00 μm or less is provided. A member or transfer member having a surface that exhibits high oil repellency even in a high temperature environment, a transfer device and an image forming device including an intermediate transfer body constituted by the member or transfer member, and a fixing device and an image forming device including a rotating body constituted by the member are provided. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0020] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of a fixing device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 2] FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of a fixing device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 3] FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of a fixing device according to a third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of an image forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0021] Hereinafter, the present embodiment, which is an example of the present invention, will be described. These descriptions and examples are merely illustrative of the embodiment, and do not limit the scope of the embodiment.

[0022] In the numerical ranges described in the present embodiment, the upper or lower limit of one numerical range may be replaced with the upper or lower limit of another numerical range described in the present embodiment. In addition, in the numerical ranges described in the present embodiment, the upper or lower limit of the numerical range may be replaced with a value shown in the examples. In this embodiment, the term "process" includes not only an independent process, but also a process that cannot be clearly distinguished from other processes as long as the intended purpose of the process is achieved. When the embodiment is described with reference to the drawings, the configuration of the embodiment is not limited to the configuration shown in the drawings. Furthermore, the size of the members in each drawing is conceptual, and the relative relationship between the sizes of the members is not limited to this. In this embodiment, each component may contain multiple types of corresponding substances. When referring to the amount of each component in the composition in this embodiment, if multiple substances corresponding to each component are present in the composition, the amount refers to the total amount of the multiple substances present in the composition, unless otherwise specified.

[0023] <Film> The film according to the present embodiment is a film comprising a resin and a compound represented by the formula: [RSiO 1.5 ] n and particles of a siloxane compound having a structure represented by the following formula (wherein R represents an organic group, and n represents an integer of 2 or more), wherein at least one R in the formula is a group containing an alkyl group, wherein in a spatial distribution of the particles present in an evaluation area of ​​63 μm × 42 μm, an integral value of a statistic L(r) represented by the following formula (1) when the inter-particle distance r is 0.05 μm or more and 5.00 μm or less is 0 or more and 1.6 or less.

[0024]

number

[0025]

number

[0026] In the formula (2), 1(|X i -X j |≦r) indicates the indicator function, and X i and X j indicate the coordinates of point i and point j, respectively, and |X i -X j | is the coordinate X i and coordinate X j represents the Euclidean distance between the particles, r represents the interparticle distance, and s(|X i -X j |) indicates the edge correction coefficient s(x) of the evaluation area expressed by the following formula (3), and x = |X i -X j | and N is in the evaluation domain. indicates the total number of particles in the evaluation area, and λ indicates the number density of particles in the evaluation area.

[0027]

number

[0028] In the formula (3), L x and L y are the lengths (μm) of the sides of the evaluation area in the x-axis and y-axis directions, respectively, and x = |X i -X j | and X i and X j indicate the coordinates of point i and point j, respectively, and |X i -X j | is the coordinate X i and coordinate X j This shows the Euclidean distance between

[0029] Below, the formula: [RSiO 1.5 ] n(wherein R represents an organic group) is also referred to as "siloxane compound SQ", and particles of such a siloxane compound are also referred to as "particles of siloxane compound SQ". In addition, "the integral value of the statistic L(r) expressed by the above formula (1) when the interparticle distance r is 0.05 μm or more and 5.00 μm or less in the spatial distribution of the particles present in an evaluation area of ​​63 μm × 42 μm" is also referred to as "the integral value of the statistic L(r)".

[0030] [Integral value of statistic L(r)] In the film according to this embodiment, the integral value of the statistic L(r) being 0 or more and 1.6 or less means that the particles of the siloxane compound SQ in the film are finely (densely) dispersed in a nearly uniform state. In the film according to this embodiment, the integral value of the statistic L(r) is preferably 0 or more and 1.4 or less, more preferably 0 or more and 1.2 or less, from the viewpoint of further imparting high oil repellency to the film.

[0031] Here, the integral value of the statistical quantity L(r) of the particles of the siloxane compound SQ is calculated as follows. First, the spatial distribution of the particles of the siloxane compound SQ is obtained by observing an evaluation area of ​​63 μm × 42 μm on one surface of the film at 20,000 times magnification using a scanning electron microscope (e.g., Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, model number: SU8010), and binarizing the resulting 256-level image at a threshold value of 128 using analysis software (e.g., the free software "ImageJ") as necessary. Then, the statistical quantity L(r) value where the interparticle distance r is 0.05 μm or more and 5.00 μm or less is calculated in increments of 0.05 μm based on the above formula (1), and the integral value in the range of 0.05 μm or more and 5.00 μm or less is obtained, and this value is defined as the "integral value of statistical quantity L(r)". In addition, a method for confirming that the particles in the image are particles of the siloxane compound SQ includes a method of identifying the particles with a scanning electron microscope and performing elemental analysis on the identified particle portion.

[0032] Due to the above-mentioned constitution, the film according to the present embodiment has a surface that exhibits high oil repellency even in a high temperature environment. The reason for this is presumed to be as follows.

[0033] For example, a film containing a siloxane compound such as long-chain dimethylpolysiloxane has high oil repellency and excellent strength stability. On the other hand, when a film containing a siloxane compound is exposed to high heat, which causes intense molecular motion, the oil repellency may decrease. This is thought to be due to the fact that, depending on the type (structure) of the siloxane compound, the main chain of the siloxane compound rotates, causing the alkyl group that exerts the oil repellency to move and penetrate into the resin.

[0034] The film according to the present embodiment comprises a polymer having the formula: [RSiO 1.5 ] n The particle of the siloxane compound SQ has a structure represented by the formula (wherein R represents an organic group, and n represents an integer of 2 or more), and at least one R in the formula is a group containing an alkyl group. Such a particle of the siloxane compound SQ is a particle of a compound having a multidimensional structure with high skeletal strength. Therefore, it is presumed that the particle of the siloxane compound SQ has high heat resistance, and even in a high-temperature environment, molecular motion is suppressed, and the alkyl group that exhibits oil repellency does not easily move and penetrate into the resin. As a result, the film according to this embodiment, due to the above-mentioned configuration, becomes a film whose surface exhibits high oil repellency even in a high temperature environment.

[0035] In addition, in the film according to this embodiment, as shown by the integral value of the above-mentioned statistic L(r), the particles of siloxane compound SQ are finely (densely) dispersed in a nearly uniform state.And, when a uniform dispersion state is formed in the coating liquid by the process of dispersing with a high-pressure collision type disperser to obtain a coating liquid, as described later, it can be said that the amount of particles of siloxane compound SQ present in the film according to this embodiment changes little in its thickness direction.Therefore, it is presumed that, for example, even if the surface of the film is worn, high oil repellency is maintained.

[0036] The film according to this embodiment will be described in detail below.

[0037] The film according to this embodiment contains a resin and particles of a siloxane compound SQ. More specifically, in the film according to this embodiment, particles of the siloxane compound SQ are dispersed in the resin, and the dispersion state of the particles of the siloxane compound SQ satisfies the range of the integral value of the above-mentioned statistical quantity L(r). The components contained in the film according to this embodiment will be described below.

[0038] [Siloxane compound SQ and its particles] (Siloxane Compound SQ) The siloxane compound SQ has the formula: [RSiO 1.5 ] n (wherein R represents an organic group, and n represents an integer of 2 or more), and at least one R in the formula is a group containing an alkyl group.

[0039] Examples of the organic group represented by R in the formula include a hydroxyl group, a siloxy group, a hydrocarbon group, a hydrocarbon group in which one or more methylene groups are replaced with a carbonyl group, a hydrocarbon group in which one or more carbon atoms are replaced with a heteroatom (oxygen atom, nitrogen atom, or sulfur atom), or a combination of these groups, and at least one R in the formula is a group containing an alkyl group.

[0040] Examples of the siloxy group described in relation to the organic group represented by R include a monoalkylsiloxy group, a dialkylsiloxy group, and a trialkylsiloxy group, with a dialkylsiloxy group and a trialkylsiloxy group being preferred, and a trialkylsiloxy group being more preferred.

[0041] The hydrocarbon group explained in relation to the organic group represented by R includes an aliphatic hydrocarbon group and an aromatic hydrocarbon group.

[0042] Examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group include linear, branched, or alicyclic saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, and linear, branched, or alicyclic unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups. The aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferably a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms. The aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a substituent such as a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an amino group or an aryl group.

[0043] The aromatic hydrocarbon group may be a hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms (preferably 6 to 14 carbon atoms). Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and an anthracenyl group. The aromatic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a substituent such as a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group.

[0044] The organic group represented by R may have a reactive group. Examples of the reactive group include a vinyl group, an allyl group, a styryl group, a maleimide group, an epoxy group, and a (meth)acryloyl group.

[0045] In the formula, multiple R's may be the same or different. At least one of the multiple R's in the formula is a group having an alkyl group from the viewpoint of expressing high oil repellency. Here, from the viewpoint of expressing high oil repellency, the group containing an alkyl group is preferably an alkyl group itself or a siloxy group containing an alkyl group. In other words, at least one of the multiple R's in the formula is preferably an alkyl group or a siloxy group containing an alkyl group. Here, such an alkyl group is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and even more preferably an alkyl group having 1 carbon atom (i.e., a methyl group).

[0046] In the formula, n represents an integer of 2 or more, and from the viewpoint of realizing high oil repellency, it preferably represents an integer of 8 or more, and more preferably represents an integer of 8 or more and 10,000 or less.

[0047] The siloxane compound SQ is a polymeric compound called silsesquioxane that has various skeletal structures. The siloxane compound SQ may have any of the following skeleton structures: a cage structure (a complete cage structure or a cage structure), a ladder structure, and a random structure.

[0048] (Particle size of siloxane compound SQ) In the film according to this embodiment, the siloxane compound SQ is contained in the form of particles. From the viewpoint of improving oil repellency at high temperatures, the average particle size of the particles of the siloxane compound SQ is preferably 0.05 μm or more and 3.0 μm or less, more preferably 0.05 μm or more and 1.5 μm or less, and even more preferably 0.05 μm or more and 1.0 μm or less.

[0049] Here, the average particle diameter of the particles of the siloxane compound SQ in the film is calculated by binarizing the spherical and non-spherical parts (resin and amorphous particle parts) of the SEM image of the film surface obtained when calculating the integral value of the statistic L(r) using analysis software (e.g., the free software "ImageJ") as necessary, and measuring the diameter of the spherical parts. In this case, too, it is possible to confirm that the particles in the image are particles of the siloxane compound SQ using a method similar to that used for determining the integral value of the statistic L(r) described above.

[0050] (Siloxane compound SQ content) From the viewpoint of improving oil repellency at high temperatures, the content of the particles of the siloxane compound SQ is preferably from 1% by mass to 50% by mass, more preferably from 1% by mass to 20% by mass, and even more preferably from 1% by mass to 10% by mass, relative to the mass of the resin.

[0051] [resin] Examples of the resin include polyimide resin (PI resin), polyamideimide resin (PAI resin), polyetherketone resin (e.g., aromatic polyetheretherketone resin, etc.), polyphenylene sulfide resin (PPS resin), polyetherimide resin (PEI resin), polyester resin, polystyrene resin, polyamide resin, polycarbonate resin, silicone resin, etc.

[0052] The resin should be selected according to the intended use of the film. For example, when the film is applied to a single-layer intermediate transfer belt, the resin is preferably an imide resin (that is, a resin containing a structural unit having an imide bond, preferably a polyimide resin), a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) resin, or the like. For example, when the film is applied to the outermost layer of a fixing belt, the resin is preferably an imide resin (that is, a resin containing a structural unit having an imide bond, preferably a polyimide resin), a polyether ether ketone (PEEK) resin, or the like. The film according to the present embodiment preferably does not contain fluorine atoms. Specifically, for example, it is preferable to use a resin that does not contain fluorine atoms (specifically, a resin other than a fluororesin) as the resin.

[0053] Here, polyimide resin will be described as a typical binder resin. Examples of polyimide resins include imidized products of polyamic acids (precursors of polyimide resins), which are polymers of tetracarboxylic dianhydrides and diamine compounds. An example of the polyimide resin is a resin having a structural unit represented by the following general formula (I).

[0054] [ka]

[0055] In general formula (I), R 1 represents a tetravalent organic group, R 2 represents a divalent organic group. R 1 Examples of the tetravalent organic group represented by the formula (1) include an aromatic group, an aliphatic group, a cyclic aliphatic group, a group in which an aromatic group and an aliphatic group are combined, and groups in which these groups are substituted. Specific examples of the tetravalent organic group include residues of tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, which will be described later. R 2 Examples of the divalent organic group represented by the formula (1) include an aromatic group, an aliphatic group, a cyclic aliphatic group, a group in which an aromatic group and an aliphatic group are combined, and a group in which these groups are substituted. Specific examples of the divalent organic group include residues of diamine compounds described below.

[0056] Specific examples of tetracarboxylic dianhydrides used as raw materials for polyimide resins include pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,3',4-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,5,6-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2'-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)sulfonic dianhydride, perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)ether dianhydride, and ethylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride.

[0057] Specific examples of diamine compounds used as raw materials for polyimide resins include 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfide, 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, m-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, 3,3'-dimethyl 4,4'-biphenyldiamine, benzidine, and 3,3'-dimethyl Benzidine, 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylpropane, 2,4-bis(β-amino tert-butyl)toluene, bis(p-β-amino-tert-butylphenyl)ether, bis(p-β-methyl-δ-aminophenyl)benzene, bis-p-(1,1-dimethyl-5-amino-pentyl)benzene, 1-isopropyl-2,4-m-phenylenediamine, m-xylylenediamine, p-xylylenediamine, di(p -aminocyclohexyl)methane, hexamethylenediamine, heptamethylenediamine, octamethylenediamine, nonamethylenediamine, decamethylenediamine, diaminopropyltetradiamine, 3-methylheptamethylenediamine, 4,4-dimethylheptamethylenediamine, 2,11-diaminododecane, 1,2-bis-3-aminopropoxyethane, 2,2-dimethylpropylenediamine, 3-methoxyhexamethylenediamine, 2,5-dimethylheptamethylenediamine, Examples include 3-methylheptamethylenediamine, 5-methylnonamethylenediamine, 2,17-diaminoeicosadecane, 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 1,10-diamino-1,10-dimethyldecane, 12-diaminooctadecane, 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane, piperazine, H2N(CH2)3O(CH2)2O(CH2)NH2, H2N(CH2)3S(CH2)3NH2, and H2N(CH2)3N(CH3)2(CH2)3NH2.

[0058] The resin content is preferably an amount that constitutes the main component of the film. Specifically, the resin content is preferably from 73% by mass to 90% by mass, and more preferably from 78% by mass to 85% by mass, based on the total mass of the film.

[0059] (Other additives) Other additives include well-known additives such as conductive agents, reinforcing agents, antioxidants, surfactants, and heat aging inhibitors, depending on the application of the film.

[0060] Here, a conductive agent will be described as a representative additive. The conductive agent is preferably a conductive particle, such as carbon black, a metal (e.g., aluminum, nickel, etc.), a metal oxide (e.g., yttrium oxide, tin oxide, etc.), or an ion-conductive substance (e.g., potassium titanate, LiCl, etc.), and among these, carbon black is preferred. These conductive agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0061] Examples of carbon black include ketjen black, oil furnace black, channel black (i.e., gas black), acetylene black, etc. Carbon black having a treated surface (hereinafter also referred to as "surface-treated carbon black") may be used. Surface-treated carbon black can be obtained by imparting, for example, a carboxy group, a quinone group, a lactone group, a hydroxy group, etc. to its surface. Examples of the surface treatment method include an air oxidation method in which the carbon black is reacted by contacting with air in a high-temperature atmosphere, a method in which the carbon black is reacted with nitrogen oxides or ozone at room temperature (e.g., 22°C), and a method in which the carbon black is oxidized with air in a high-temperature atmosphere and then oxidized with ozone at a low temperature.

[0062] Among these, channel black is preferable as the conductive agent, and acidic carbon black having a pH of 5.0 or less is particularly preferable. Examples of acidic carbon black include carbon black whose surface has been subjected to an oxidation treatment, such as carbon black obtained by providing a carboxyl group, a quinone group, a lactone group, a hydroxyl group, or the like to the surface. As the acidic carbon black, from the viewpoint of improving transferability to textured paper, a carbon black having a pH of 4.5 or less is preferred, a more preferred acidic carbon black having a pH of 4.0 or less, an even more preferred acidic carbon black having a pH of 3.0 or less, an especially preferred acidic carbon black having a pH of 2.0 to 3.0, and an extremely preferred acidic carbon black having a pH of 2.0 to 2.8. The pH of the acidic carbon black is a value measured by the pH measurement method specified in JIS Z8802 (2011).

[0063] The content of the conductive agent in the film may be determined depending on the application of the film. For example, the content of the conductive agent in the film may be 10% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, or may be 12% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less, or 14% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, or may be 15% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the film.

[0064] In the film according to this embodiment, the peel strength of the surface at 140° C. is preferably 24 kPa or less, more preferably 22 kPa or less, and even more preferably 21 kPa or less. The lower limit of the peel strength of the surface at 140° C. is, for example, 19.7 kPa. The peel strength of the film surface at 140° C. is an index of high oil repellency of the surface in a high temperature environment. Therefore, when the peel strength of the film surface according to the present embodiment at 140° C. is within the above range, it can be said that the film surface exhibits high oil repellency even in a high temperature environment.

[0065] Here, the peel strength of the film surface at 200° C. is measured as follows. First, prepare A4 size paper (manufactured by Fujifilm Business Innovation Co., Ltd.) as a preliminary preparation, and prepare a test paper with a 100% black image printed on the entire surface using a copier (ApeosPort-V C3375) manufactured by Fujifilm Business Innovation Co., Ltd. Also, take a sample piece of 1 cm x 1 cm square from the film to be measured. Next, the surface of the sample piece is attached to the probe of a tack tester (TA-500, manufactured by UBM) heated to 140°C, and the sample is approached to the test paper at a speed of 0.1 mm / s and pressed against the image surface of the test paper. After that, the sample is held at a pressure of 3900 gf for 10 s and then lifted up at a lifting speed of 10 mm / s to measure the peel force.

[0066] [Film manufacturing method] The film according to this embodiment can be produced, for example, by the following method. As an example of a method for producing a film according to the present embodiment, a first step is to obtain a coating liquid by dispersing a solution containing a resin or a resin precursor and particles of a siloxane compound SQ using a high-pressure collision type disperser; A second step of applying a coating liquid onto a substrate to form a coating film; A third step of drying the coating film formed on the substrate; A fourth step of heating the dried coating film to form a resin film; A fifth step of peeling off the resin film formed on the substrate from the substrate; has. Depending on the type of resin, the fourth step may be omitted. Also, depending on the use of the film, if it is not necessary to peel off the resin film from the substrate, the fifth step may be omitted.

[0067] (1st step) The first step is a step of dispersing a solution containing a resin or a resin precursor and particles of a siloxane compound SQ by a high-pressure collision type disperser to obtain a coating liquid. A solution containing a resin or a resin precursor and particles of the siloxane compound SQ is dispersed using a high-pressure collision type disperser to obtain a coating liquid, so that the particles of the siloxane compound SQ are dispersed in a nearly uniform state in the coating liquid. In addition, when obtaining a film containing conductive particles, in the first step, it is preferable to obtain a coating liquid by dispersing a solution containing a resin or a resin precursor, particles of a siloxane compound SQ, and conductive particles using a high-pressure collision type disperser.

[0068] Here, the value of the pressure applied to the solution by the high-pressure collision type disperser is the set value of the high-pressure collision type disperser. As for the dispersion conditions using a high-pressure collision type disperser, dispersion is preferably performed under a dispersion pressure of 100 MPa or more and 220 MPa or less.

[0069] The resin precursor used in the solution (or coating liquid) is, for example, a polyamic acid when the resin contained in the film is a polyimide resin. The solvent contained in the solution (or coating solution) is preferably an organic solvent. The type of resin or organic solvent is not particularly limited.

[0070] -High pressure collision type disperser- A high-pressure collision type disperser is a device that disperses raw materials by colliding them with each other under pressure. Examples of the high-pressure collision type dispersing machine include Genus PY manufactured by Genus Corporation and Nanomizer manufactured by Nanomizer Corporation.

[0071] (2nd process) The second step is a step of applying the coating liquid onto the substrate to form a coating film. The substrate to be coated may be determined depending on the application of the resulting film. For example, when a cylindrical film is to be obtained, a cylindrical or columnar substrate may be used. The material to be coated is not particularly limited, and for example, a metal material is preferably used. The surface of the material to be coated may be provided with a glass coat, a ceramic coat, or the like, or a release agent such as a silicone-based or fluorine-based release agent may be applied.

[0072] Before applying the coating liquid, the coating liquid may be degassed. By degassing the coating liquid, foaming during application and defects in the coating film are suppressed. Methods for degassing the coating liquid include a method of applying a reduced pressure and a method of centrifuging, and degassing under a reduced pressure is suitable because it is simple and has a large degassing ability.

[0073] The method for applying the coating liquid onto the substrate is not particularly limited, and any known coating method can be used. Examples of the coating method include bar coating and flow coat coating. Examples of coating methods include a method in which the coating liquid is ejected from a nozzle and moved in the direction of the rotation axis over a rotating cylindrical or cylindrical workpiece to apply the coating liquid in a spiral shape to the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical or cylindrical workpiece (spiral coating method), a method in which a blade is pressed against the coating liquid ejected onto the surface of the cylindrical or cylindrical workpiece during the spiral coating method and moved in the direction of the rotation axis (blade coating method), and a dip coating method in which a cylindrical or cylindrical workpiece is immersed in the coating liquid and then pulled up.

[0074] (3rd step) The third step is a step of drying the coating film formed on the substrate. The coating film may be dried, for example, by heating the substrate while rotating it to volatilize the solvent. It is also preferable to dry the coating film until the coating liquid does not drip even when the substrate is not rotated.

[0075] The heating temperature of the coating film in the third step is more preferably 105°C or higher and 170°C or lower, and further preferably 110°C or higher and 135°C or lower. The drying time for the coating film in the third step is more preferably from 10 minutes to 90 minutes, and even more preferably from 30 minutes to 70 minutes.

[0076] (4th step) The fourth step is to heat the dried coating to form a resin film. In the fourth step, it is preferable to heat the coating film at a temperature higher than the heating temperature of the coating film in the third step. This promotes the evaporation of the solvent contained in the coating film. In addition, the reaction of the resin precursor is facilitated (for example, when a polyamic acid is used as the resin precursor, the imidization reaction is facilitated, and the resin precursor is easily converted into a polyimide resin).

[0077] The heating conditions in the fourth step are preferably, for example, 150° C. or higher and 450° C. or lower (preferably 200° C. or higher and 350° C. or lower) and heating for 20 minutes or longer and 180 minutes or shorter. When heating the coating film, it is preferable to heat the film by gradually increasing the temperature in steps or at a constant rate before the final heating temperature is reached. Here, when polyamic acid is used as the resin precursor, the heating temperature differs depending on, for example, the type of raw material used, and is preferably set to a temperature at which imidization is completed from the viewpoint of mechanical and electrical properties.

[0078] (5th step) The fifth step is a step of peeling off the resin film formed on the substrate from the substrate. The method for peeling the resin film from the substrate is not particularly limited, and any known method can be used. Methods for peeling the resin film from the substrate include, for example, removing the substrate by hand, blowing air between the substrate and the resin film and then removing the substrate.

[0079] As mentioned above, when it is not necessary to peel the resin film from the substrate due to the application of the film, the fifth step may be omitted.

[0080] Through the above steps, a film is obtained. After the fifth step, a step of cutting the resin film peeled off from the substrate to a desired size may be included (cutting step).

[0081] <Materials and transfer materials> The member according to this embodiment has the film according to this embodiment as a layer constituting the outer surface (also referred to as the outermost layer). The member according to this embodiment can be used as a member for an electrophotographic image forming apparatus. The transfer member according to the present embodiment has a layer (also called the outermost layer) constituting the outer surface of the film according to the present embodiment, which further contains conductive particles. That is, the layer constituting the outer surface of the transfer member according to the present embodiment contains conductive particles in addition to the resin and the particles of the siloxane compound SQ. The term "outer surface" refers to a surface that can be seen from the outside of a component. The member or transfer member according to this embodiment may be either a single-layer member of the film according to this embodiment, or a member in which the film according to this embodiment is provided on a substrate.

[0082] The particles of the siloxane compound SQ used in this embodiment have properties such as high hardness, low friction, and high releasability. The member or transfer member according to this embodiment has the film according to this embodiment, in which the particles of the siloxane compound SQ having such properties are finely (densely) and nearly uniformly dispersed as shown by the integral value of the statistic L(r) described above, as a layer constituting the outer surface. From this, it is presumed that the member or transfer member according to this embodiment has the following effects (1) to (3). (1) The adhesion of foreign matter to the outer surface of the component is suppressed. (2) Particles of the siloxane compound SQ are exposed (protrude) on the outer surface of the component, forming point contact with other components (contact objects), thereby increasing wear resistance. (3) The rigidity of the layer constituting the outer surface of the component is increased, and the mechanical strength (for example, breaking strength) is increased.

[0083] When the member or transfer member according to the present embodiment is applied to an intermediate transfer body for an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, the member or transfer member can be a single layer of the film according to the present embodiment, or a laminate having the film as the outermost layer. In the laminate, layers other than the film (for example, a base layer on which the film is provided, an elastic layer provided between the film and the base layer, etc.) can be well-known layers provided in intermediate transfer bodies. The intermediate transfer body using the member according to the present embodiment is excellent in transferability, cleanability, and durability because toner, paper powder, discharge products, etc. are less likely to adhere to the outer surface (also called the outer peripheral surface) and it has excellent abrasion resistance. As a result, an image forming apparatus equipped with an intermediate transfer body using the member according to the present embodiment is excellent in image quality maintenance because degradation of image quality is suppressed.

[0084] When the member according to the present embodiment is applied to a fixing member (heating member, pressure member, sliding member, etc.) for an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, the member may have a substrate, an elastic layer provided on the substrate, and a release layer provided on the elastic layer and composed of the film according to the present embodiment. The substrate and elastic layer may be a well-known substrate and elastic layer provided as a fixing member. The fixing member may also have a well-known metal heating layer for electromagnetic induction heating between the substrate and the elastic layer.

[0085] Examples of members according to the present embodiment include intermediate transfer members, fixing members, and also paper transport members for electrophotographic image forming apparatuses.

[0086] <Transfer device> The transfer device according to this embodiment is an intermediate transfer member that is configured by the member or transfer member according to the present embodiment and has an outer peripheral surface onto which a toner image is transferred; a primary transfer device that primarily transfers a toner image formed on a surface of an image carrier onto a surface of an intermediate transfer body; a secondary transfer device that secondarily transfers the toner image transferred onto the surface of the intermediate transfer body onto the surface of a recording medium; Equipped with. Here, the member or transfer member according to the present embodiment that is applied to the intermediate transfer body preferably has a layer that constitutes the outer peripheral surface (outer surface) containing a predetermined amount of conductive particles in addition to the resin and the particles of the siloxane compound SQ. For example, the content of the conductive particles in the layer that constitutes the outer peripheral surface is preferably 5% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or more and 35% by mass or less, and even more preferably 15% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the layer.

[0087] (Primary transfer device) In the primary transfer device, the primary transfer member is disposed opposite to the image carrier with an intermediate transfer body (e.g., an intermediate transfer belt) sandwiched therebetween. In the primary transfer device, the primary transfer member applies a voltage of a polarity opposite to the charge polarity of the toner to the intermediate transfer body, thereby primarily transferring the toner image to the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate transfer body.

[0088] (Secondary transfer device) In the secondary transfer device, the secondary transfer member is disposed on the toner image carrying side of the intermediate transfer body. The secondary transfer device includes, for example, a backing member disposed on the opposite side of the intermediate transfer body to the toner image carrying side together with the secondary transfer member. In the secondary transfer device, the intermediate transfer body and the recording medium are sandwiched between the secondary transfer member and the backing member to form a transfer electric field, whereby the toner image on the intermediate transfer body is secondarily transferred to the recording medium. The secondary transfer member may be a secondary transfer roll or a secondary transfer belt. The backing member may be, for example, a backing roll.

[0089] The transfer device according to the present embodiment may be a transfer device that transfers a toner image onto a surface of a recording medium via multiple intermediate transfer bodies. In other words, the transfer device may be, for example, a transfer device that performs primary transfer of a toner image from an image carrier to a first intermediate transfer body, and then performs secondary transfer of the toner image from the first intermediate transfer body to a second intermediate transfer body, and then performs tertiary transfer of the toner image from the second intermediate transfer body to a recording medium. The transfer device applies an intermediate transfer body made of the member according to the present embodiment to at least one of a plurality of intermediate transfer bodies.

[0090] <Fixing material> The fixing member according to the present embodiment is A first rotating body and a second rotating body arranged in contact with an outer surface of the first rotating body, At least one of the first rotating body and the second rotating body is configured from the member according to the present embodiment.

[0091] Below, the fixing device according to this embodiment will be described in the following manner: as a first embodiment, a fixing device equipped with a heating roll and a pressure belt; as a second embodiment, a fixing device equipped with a heating belt and a heating roll; and as a third embodiment, a fixing device using an electromagnetic induction heating method equipped with a heating belt and a heating roll. The fixing device according to the present embodiment is not limited to the first to third embodiments, and may be a fixing device including a heating roll or a heating belt and a pressure belt. In the fixing device according to this embodiment, the member according to this embodiment may be applied to any of the pressure roll, the heating belt, the pressure roll, and the pressure belt.

[0092] (First embodiment of fixing device) A first embodiment of the fixing device will be described with reference to Fig. 1. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the first embodiment of the fixing device (that is, fixing device 60).

[0093] As shown in FIG. 1, the fixing device 60 is configured to include, for example, a rotating heating roll 61 (an example of a first rotating body), a pressure belt 62 (an example of a second rotating body), and a pressure pad 64 (an example of a pressing member) that presses the heating roll 61 via the pressure belt 62. The pressing pad 64 may be configured to press the pressure belt 62 and the heating roll 61 relatively. Therefore, the pressure belt 62 side may be pressed against the heating roll 61, or the heating roll 61 side may be pressed against the pressure belt 62.

[0094] A halogen lamp 66 (an example of a heating device) is disposed inside the heating roll 61. The heating device is not limited to a halogen lamp, and other heat-generating members may be used.

[0095] On the other hand, for example, a temperature sensor 69 is arranged in contact with the surface of the heating roll 61. Based on the temperature measurement value by this temperature sensor 69, the lighting of the halogen lamp 66 is controlled, and the surface temperature of the heating roll 61 is maintained at a target set temperature (for example, 150°C).

[0096] The pressure belt 62 is rotatably supported by, for example, a pressure pad 64 and a belt running guide 63 disposed inside the pressure belt 62. The pressure belt 62 is disposed so as to be pressed against the heating roll 61 by the pressure pad 64 in a sandwiching region N (nip portion).

[0097] The pressure pad 64 is disposed, for example, inside the pressure belt 62 in a state where it is pressed by the heating roll 61 via the pressure belt 62, and forms a sandwiching region N between the pressure pad 64 and the heating roll 61. The pressure pad 64, for example, has a front clamping member 64a arranged on the entrance side of the clamping area N to ensure a wide clamping area N, and a peeling clamping member 64b arranged on the exit side of the clamping area N to impart distortion to the heating roll 61.

[0098] In order to reduce the sliding resistance between the inner circumferential surface of the pressure belt 62 and the pressure pad 64, for example, a sheet-like sliding member 68 is provided on the surfaces of the front clamping member 64a and the peeling clamping member 64b that come into contact with the pressure belt 62. The pressure pad 64 and the sliding member 68 are held by a holding member 65 made of metal. The sliding member 68 is provided, for example, so that its sliding surface comes into contact with the inner circumferential surface of the pressure belt 62 , and is involved in the retention and supply of oil present between the sliding member 68 and the pressure belt 62 .

[0099] For example, a belt running guide 63 is attached to the holding member 65, and the pressure belt 62 rotates.

[0100] The heating roll 61 is rotated in the direction of arrow S by, for example, a drive motor (not shown), and the pressure belt 62 is driven by this rotation to rotate in the direction of arrow R, which is opposite to the rotation direction of the heating roll 61. That is, for example, while the heating roll 61 rotates in the clockwise direction in FIG. 1, the pressure belt 62 rotates in the counterclockwise direction.

[0101] Then, the paper K (an example of a recording medium) having the unfixed toner image thereon is guided, for example, by the fixing entrance guide 56 and conveyed to the pinch region N. Then, when the paper K passes through the pinch region N, the unfixed toner image on the paper K is fixed by the pressure and heat acting on the pinch region N.

[0102] In the fixing device 60, for example, the front pinch member 64a having a concave shape conforming to the outer circumferential surface of the heating roll 61 ensures a wider pinch region N than in a configuration without the front pinch member 64a.

[0103] In addition, in the fixing device 60, for example, by arranging the peeling and pinching member 64b so as to protrude from the outer circumferential surface of the heating roll 61, the distortion of the heating roll 61 is locally increased in the exit area of ​​the pinching region N.

[0104] By arranging the peeling and pinching member 64b in this manner, for example, when the paper K after fixing passes through the peeling and pinching area, it passes through a locally large distortion, making it easier for the paper K to peel off from the heating roll 61.

[0105] As an auxiliary device for peeling, for example, a peeling member 70 is disposed downstream of the pinching region N of the heating roll 61. The peeling member 70 is held by a holding member 72 in a state in which a peeling claw 71 is adjacent to the heating roll 61 in a direction opposite to the rotation direction of the heating roll 61 (counter direction), for example.

[0106] (Second embodiment of fixing device) A second embodiment of the fixing device will be described with reference to Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the second embodiment of the fixing device (that is, fixing device 80).

[0107] 2, the fixing device 80 includes, for example, a fixing belt module 86 equipped with a heating belt 84 (an example of a first rotating body), and a pressure roll 88 (an example of a second rotating body) arranged to press against the heating belt 84 (fixing belt module 86). For example, a pinch region N (nip portion) is formed at the contact portion between the heating belt 84 (fixing belt module 86) and the pressure roll 88. In the pinch region N, a sheet K (an example of a recording medium) is pressurized and heated, and a toner image is fixed.

[0108] The fixing belt module 86 includes, for example, an endless heating belt 84, a heating pressure roll 89 around which the heating belt 84 is wound on the pressure roll 88 side and which is rotated by the rotational force of a motor (not shown) and presses the heating belt 84 from its inner surface against the pressure roll 88 side, and a support roll 90 which supports the heating belt 84 from the inside at a position different from the heating pressure roll 89. The fixing belt module 86 includes, for example, a support roll 92 arranged on the outside of the heating belt 84 to define its rotational path, a posture correction roll 94 to correct the posture of the heating belt 84 from the heating pressure roll 89 to the support roll 90, and a support roll 98 to apply tension to the heating belt 84 from its inner surface downstream of the clamping area N formed by the heating belt 84 and the pressure roll 88.

[0109] The fixing belt module 86 is provided, for example, between the heating belt 84 and the heating pressure roll 89 so that a sheet-like sliding member 82 is interposed. The sliding member 82 is provided, for example, so that its sliding surface comes into contact with the inner circumferential surface of the heating belt 84 , and is involved in the retention and supply of oil present between the sliding member 82 and the heating belt 84 . Here, the sliding member 82 is provided in a state in which both ends thereof are supported by supporting members 96, for example.

[0110] Inside the heating and pressing roll 89, for example, a halogen heater 89A (one example of a heating device) is provided.

[0111] The support roll 90 is, for example, a cylindrical roll made of aluminum, and has a halogen heater 90A (an example of a heating device) disposed therein so as to heat the heating belt 84 from the inner circumferential surface side. At both ends of the support roll 90, for example, spring members (not shown) are provided to press the heating belt 84 outward.

[0112] The support roll 92 is a cylindrical roll made of, for example, aluminum, and a release layer made of fluororesin having a thickness of 20 μm is formed on the surface of the support roll 92. The release layer of the support roll 92 is formed, for example, to prevent toner and paper powder from the outer circumferential surface of the heating belt 84 from accumulating on the support roll 92 . Inside the support roll 92, for example, a halogen heater 92A (an example of a heating device) is disposed, and the heating belt 84 is heated from the outer circumferential surface side.

[0113] That is, for example, the heating belt 84 is heated by a heating pressure roll 89 and a supporting roll 90 and a supporting roll 92 .

[0114] The posture correction roll 94 is, for example, a cylindrical roll made of aluminum, and an end position measuring mechanism (not shown) that measures the end position of the heating belt 84 is disposed near the posture correction roll 94. The posture correction roll 94 is provided with, for example, an axial displacement mechanism (not shown) that displaces the contact position in the axial direction of the heating belt 84 in accordance with the measurement results of the end position measuring mechanism, and is configured to control the meandering of the heating belt 84.

[0115] On the other hand, the pressure roll 88 is, for example, supported rotatably and is provided so as to be pressed against the portion where the heating belt 84 is wound around the heating pressure roll 89 by a biasing device such as a spring (not shown). As a result, as the heating belt 84 (heating pressure roll 89) of the fixing belt module 86 rotates in the direction of arrow S, the pressure roll 88 rotates in the direction of arrow R, following the heating belt 84 (heating pressure roll 89).

[0116] Then, the paper K having an unfixed toner image (not shown) is transported in the direction of arrow P and guided to a pinch area N of the fixing device 80. Then, when the paper K passes through the pinch area N, the unfixed toner image on the paper K is fixed by pressure and heat acting on the pinch area N.

[0117] In the fixing device 80, a form in which a halogen heater (halogen lamp) is applied as an example of a plurality of heating devices has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a radiant lamp heating element (a heating element that emits radiation (infrared rays, etc.)) other than a halogen heater, or a resistive heating element (a heating element that generates Joule heat by passing a current through a resistor: for example, a film having resistance formed on a ceramic substrate and then fired) may also be applied.

[0118] (Third embodiment of fixing device) A fixing device according to a third embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the fixing device according to the third embodiment (that is, fixing device 200).

[0119] As shown in FIG. 3, fixing device 200 is an electromagnetic induction type fixing device including belt 220 having a metal layer. In the fixing device 200, a pressure roll (pressure member) 211 is disposed so as to pressurize a part of the belt 220, and from the viewpoint of efficient fixing, a contact area (nip) is formed between the belt 220 and the pressure roll 211, and the belt 220 is curved in a shape that follows the circumferential surface of the pressure roll 211. Also, from the viewpoint of ensuring the peelability of the recording medium, a bent portion where the belt is bent is formed at the end of the contact area (nip).

[0120] The pressure roll 211 is configured such that an elastic layer 211B made of silicone rubber or the like is formed on a base material 211A, and a release layer 211C made of a fluorine-based compound is further formed on the elastic layer 211B.

[0121] An opposing member 213 is disposed on the inner side of the belt 220 at a position opposing the pressure roll 211. The opposing member 213 is made of metal, heat-resistant resin, heat-resistant rubber, or the like, and has a pad 213B that comes into contact with the inner circumferential surface of the belt 220 to locally increase pressure, and a support 213A that supports the pad 213B.

[0122] An electromagnetic induction heating device 212 incorporating an electromagnetic induction coil (excitation coil) 212a is provided at a position facing the pressure roll 211 (an example of a pressure member) with the belt 220 at the center. The electromagnetic induction heating device 212 applies an alternating current to the electromagnetic induction coil, thereby changing the generated magnetic field with an excitation circuit and generating an eddy current in a metal layer (not shown) of the belt 220 (for example, an electromagnetic induction metal layer). This eddy current is converted into heat (Joule heat) by the electrical resistance of the metal layer (not shown), and as a result, the surface of the belt 220 generates heat. The position of the electromagnetic induction heating device 212 is not limited to the position shown in FIG. 3, and may be installed, for example, on the upstream side of the contact area of ​​the belt 220 in the rotation direction B, or may be installed on the inside of the belt 220.

[0123] In the fixing device 200, a driving force is transmitted from a driving device to a gear fixed to the end of the belt 220, causing the belt 220 to rotate by itself in the direction of arrow B, and as the belt 220 rotates, the pressure roll 211 rotates in the opposite direction, i.e., in the direction of arrow C. The recording medium 215 on which the unfixed toner image 214 is formed is passed through a contact area (nip) between the belt 220 and the pressure roll 211 in the fixing device 200 in the direction of arrow A, and the unfixed toner image 214 is fixed to the recording medium 215 by applying pressure to the molten toner image 214.

[0124] <Image forming device> Next, the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described. The image forming apparatus according to this embodiment includes an image carrier, a charging device that charges the surface of the image carrier, an electrostatic latent image forming device that forms an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the charged image carrier, a developing device that contains a developer containing toner and uses the developer to develop the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image carrier to form a toner image, a transfer device that transfers the toner image to the surface of a recording medium, and a fixing device that fixes the toner image to the surface of the recording medium. The image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment may have the transfer device according to the present embodiment as a transfer device, or the fixing device according to the present embodiment as a fixing device. The image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment may have the transfer device according to the present embodiment as a transfer device, and the fixing device according to the present embodiment as a fixing device.

[0125] Here, in the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment, the transfer device and the fixing device may each be made into a cartridge so as to be detachably attached to the image forming apparatus, i.e., the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment may each include the transfer device according to the present embodiment and the fixing device according to the present embodiment as components of a process cartridge.

[0126] Hereinafter, an image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the image forming apparatus according to the present embodiment.

[0127] 4, the image forming apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment is, for example, an intermediate transfer type image forming apparatus generally called a tandem type, and includes a plurality of image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K in which toner images of each color component are formed by an electrophotographic method, a primary transfer section 10 that sequentially transfers (primary transfer) the toner images of each color component formed by each image forming unit 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K onto an intermediate transfer belt 15, a secondary transfer section 20 that collectively transfers (secondary transfer) the superimposed toner images transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt 15 onto a recording medium, paper K, and a fixing device 60 that fixes the secondarily transferred image onto the paper K. The image forming apparatus 100 also has a control section 40 that controls the operation of each device (each section).

[0128] Each of the image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K of the image forming apparatus 100 includes a photoconductor 11 that rotates in the direction of arrow A as an example of an image carrier that carries a toner image formed on its surface.

[0129] Around the photoconductor 11, there is provided a charger 12 as an example of a charging device that charges the photoconductor 11, and there is provided a laser exposure device 13 (the exposure beam is indicated by the symbol Bm in the figure) as an example of an electrostatic latent image forming device that writes an electrostatic latent image on the photoconductor 11.

[0130] In addition, around the photoconductor 11, there is provided a developing device 14 as an example of a developing device, which contains toner of each color component and makes the electrostatic latent image on the photoconductor 11 visible using the toner, and there is provided a primary transfer roll 16 which transfers the toner image of each color component formed on the photoconductor 11 to an intermediate transfer belt 15 at the primary transfer section 10.

[0131] Furthermore, a photoreceptor cleaner 17 that removes residual toner on the photoreceptor 11 is provided around the photoreceptor 11, and electrophotographic devices including a charger 12, a laser exposure device 13, a developer 14, a primary transfer roll 16, and the photoreceptor cleaner 17 are sequentially arranged along the rotation direction of the photoreceptor 11. These image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K are arranged in a substantially linear fashion in the order of yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C), and black (K) from the upstream side of the intermediate transfer belt 15.

[0132] The intermediate transfer belt 15, which is an intermediate transfer body, is a film-like pressure belt that has a base layer of resin such as polyimide or polyamide and contains an appropriate amount of antistatic agent such as carbon black. 6 Ωcm or more 10 14 The intermediate transfer belt 15 is formed to have a resistivity of Ωcm or less, and the thickness is configured to be, for example, about 0.1 mm. Specifically, the intermediate transfer belt 15 may be an intermediate transfer body configured with the member according to the above embodiment. More specifically, the intermediate transfer belt 15 may be configured as a belt having a layer that configures the outer circumferential surface, which contains, for example, a resin such as polyimide or polyamide, particles of a siloxane compound SQ, and a conductive agent (also called an antistatic agent) such as carbon black. In this case, the volume resistivity of the intermediate transfer belt 15 is also 10 6 Ωcm or more 10 14 It is formed so as to have a resistivity of Ωcm or less, and its thickness is preferably configured to be, for example, about 0.1 mm.

[0133] The intermediate transfer belt 15 is driven (rotated) in a circular manner by various rolls at a speed suited to the purpose in the direction B shown in Fig. 4. The various rolls include a drive roll 31 driven by a motor (not shown) excellent in constant speed performance to rotate the intermediate transfer belt 15, a support roll 32 supporting the intermediate transfer belt 15 extending in a substantially straight line along the arrangement direction of the photoconductors 11, a tensioning roll 33 that applies tension to the intermediate transfer belt 15 and functions as a correction roll to prevent the intermediate transfer belt 15 from meandering, a back roll 25 provided in the secondary transfer unit 20, and a cleaning back roll 34 provided in a cleaning unit that scrapes off residual toner on the intermediate transfer belt 15.

[0134] The primary transfer section 10 is composed of a primary transfer roll 16 arranged opposite the photoconductor 11 with an intermediate transfer belt 15 sandwiched therebetween. The primary transfer roll 16 is composed of a core body and a sponge layer as an elastic layer fixed to the periphery of the core body. The core body is a cylindrical rod made of a metal such as iron or SUS. The sponge layer is formed of a blend rubber of NBR, SBR and EPDM mixed with a conductive agent such as carbon black, and has a volume resistivity of 10 7.5 Ωcm or more 10 8.5 It is a sponge-like cylindrical roll with a surface resistance of less than Ωcm.

[0135] The primary transfer roll 16 is arranged in pressure contact with the photoconductor 11 with the intermediate transfer belt 15 sandwiched therebetween, and furthermore, a voltage (primary transfer bias) of the opposite polarity to the charge polarity of the toner (negative polarity; the same applies below) is applied to the primary transfer roll 16. As a result, the toner images on the photoconductors 11 are electrostatically attracted to the intermediate transfer belt 15 in sequence, and superimposed toner images are formed on the intermediate transfer belt 15.

[0136] The secondary transfer unit 20 includes a back roll 25 and a secondary transfer roll 22 that is disposed on the toner image bearing surface side of the intermediate transfer belt 15 .

[0137] The back roll 25 is made of a tube of EPDM and NBR blend rubber with carbon dispersed on the surface, and the inside is made of EPDM rubber. 7 Ω / □ or more 10 10 The hardness is set to, for example, 70° (Asker C: manufactured by Kobunshi Keiki Co., Ltd., the same applies below.) The back roll 25 is disposed on the back side of the intermediate transfer belt 15 to constitute an opposing electrode of the secondary transfer roll 22, and is in contact with a metallic power supply roll 26 to which a secondary transfer bias is stably applied.

[0138] On the other hand, the secondary transfer roll 22 is composed of a core body and a sponge layer as an elastic layer fixed around the core body. The core body is a cylindrical rod made of a metal such as iron or SUS. The sponge layer is made of a blend rubber of NBR, SBR and EPDM mixed with a conductive agent such as carbon black, and has a volume resistivity of 10 7.5 Ωcm or more 10 8.5 It is a sponge-like cylindrical roll with a surface resistance of less than Ωcm.

[0139] The secondary transfer roll 22 is placed in pressure contact with the back roll 25 with the intermediate transfer belt 15 sandwiched therebetween, and further, the secondary transfer roll 22 is grounded to form a secondary transfer bias between the secondary transfer roll 22 and the back roll 25, thereby secondarily transferring the toner image onto the paper K transported to the secondary transfer section 20.

[0140] In addition, downstream of the secondary transfer section 20 of the intermediate transfer belt 15, an intermediate transfer belt cleaner 35 that removes residual toner and paper dust on the intermediate transfer belt 15 after the secondary transfer and cleans the surface of the intermediate transfer belt 15 is provided so as to be freely movable toward and away from the intermediate transfer belt 15.

[0141] The intermediate transfer belt 15, the primary transfer section 10 (the primary transfer roll 16), and the secondary transfer section 20 (the secondary transfer roll 22) correspond to an example of a transfer device.

[0142] Meanwhile, upstream of the yellow image forming unit 1Y, there is provided a reference sensor (home position sensor) 42 that generates a reference signal that serves as a reference for timing image formation in each of the image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K. This reference sensor 42 generates a reference signal by recognizing a mark provided on the back side of the intermediate transfer belt 15, and each of the image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K is configured to start image formation in response to an instruction from the control unit 40 based on the recognition of this reference signal. Further, an image density sensor 43 for adjusting image quality is disposed downstream of the black image forming unit 1K.

[0143] Furthermore, in the image forming apparatus according to this embodiment, as a transport device for transporting paper K, there are provided a paper storage section 50 for storing paper K, a paper feed roll 51 for taking out and transporting paper K accumulated in the paper storage section 50 at a predetermined timing, a transport roll 52 for transporting paper K fed by the paper feed roll 51, a transport guide 53 for sending paper K transported by the transport roll 52 to the secondary transfer section 20, a transport belt 55 for transporting paper K transported after secondary transfer by the secondary transfer roll 22 to the fixing device 60, and a fixing entrance guide 56 for guiding paper K to the fixing device 60.

[0144] Next, a basic image forming process of the image forming apparatus according to this embodiment will be described. In the image forming apparatus of this embodiment, image data output from an image reading device (not shown) or a personal computer (PC) (not shown), etc., is subjected to image processing by an image processing device (not shown), and then image formation work is performed by image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K.

[0145] The image processing device performs image processing on the input image data, such as shading correction, positional deviation correction, brightness / color space conversion, gamma correction, and various image editing such as frame erasure, color editing, and movement editing. The image data that has undergone image processing is converted into color material gradation data of four colors, Y, M, C, and K, and is output to the laser exposure device 13.

[0146] In the laser exposure device 13, an exposure beam Bm emitted from, for example, a semiconductor laser is irradiated onto the photoconductor 11 of each of the image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K in accordance with the input color material gradation data. In each of the photoconductors 11 of the image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K, the surface is charged by the charger 12, and then the surface is scanned and exposed by the laser exposure device 13 to form an electrostatic latent image. The formed electrostatic latent image is developed into a toner image of each color of Y, M, C, and K by each of the image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K.

[0147] The toner images formed on the photoconductors 11 of the image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K are transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt 15 in the primary transfer section 10 where each photoconductor 11 comes into contact with the intermediate transfer belt 15. More specifically, in the primary transfer section 10, a voltage (primary transfer bias) of the opposite polarity to the charging polarity (negative polarity) of the toner is applied to the base material of the intermediate transfer belt 15 by the primary transfer roll 16, and the toner images are sequentially superimposed on the surface of the intermediate transfer belt 15 to perform the primary transfer.

[0148] After the toner images are sequentially primarily transferred onto the surface of the intermediate transfer belt 15, the intermediate transfer belt 15 moves to transport the toner images to the secondary transfer unit 20. When the toner images are transported to the secondary transfer unit 20, in the transport device, the paper feed roll 51 rotates in accordance with the timing at which the toner images are transported to the secondary transfer unit 20, and paper K of the desired size is supplied from the paper storage unit 50. The paper K supplied by the paper feed roll 51 is transported by the transport roll 52 and reaches the secondary transfer unit 20 via the transport guide 53. Before reaching the secondary transfer unit 20, the paper K is temporarily stopped, and a positioning roll (not shown) rotates in accordance with the movement timing of the intermediate transfer belt 15 on which the toner images are held, thereby aligning the position of the paper K with the position of the toner image.

[0149] In the secondary transfer section 20, the secondary transfer roll 22 is pressed against the back roll 25 via the intermediate transfer belt 15. At this time, the paper K, which has been transported in time, is sandwiched between the intermediate transfer belt 15 and the secondary transfer roll 22. At this time, when a voltage (secondary transfer bias) of the same polarity as the charging polarity (negative polarity) of the toner is applied from the power supply roll 26, a transfer electric field is formed between the secondary transfer roll 22 and the back roll 25. Then, the unfixed toner images held on the intermediate transfer belt 15 are electrostatically transferred collectively onto the paper K in the secondary transfer section 20, which is pressed by the secondary transfer roll 22 and the back roll 25.

[0150] Thereafter, the paper K onto which the toner image has been electrostatically transferred is transported as it is after being peeled off from the intermediate transfer belt 15 by the secondary transfer roll 22, and is transported to a transport belt 55 provided downstream of the secondary transfer roll 22 in the paper transport direction. The transport belt 55 transports the paper K to the fixing device 60 at an optimal transport speed for the fixing device 60. The unfixed toner image on the paper K transported to the fixing device 60 is fixed onto the paper K by being subjected to a fixing process using heat and pressure by the fixing device 60. The paper K on which the fixed image has been formed is then transported to an ejected paper storage section (not shown) provided in the ejection section of the image forming apparatus.

[0151] On the other hand, after the transfer to the paper K is completed, the residual toner remaining on the intermediate transfer belt 15 is transported to the cleaning section as the intermediate transfer belt 15 rotates, and is removed from the intermediate transfer belt 15 by the cleaning back roll 34 and the intermediate transfer belt cleaner 35.

[0152] Although the present embodiment has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications, changes, and improvements are possible. EXAMPLES

[0153] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples, although the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

[0154] <Example 1> (1st step) A solution was prepared by adding particles of the type of siloxane compound SQ shown in Table 1 to polyamic acid in polyimide varnish (JIV300R, manufactured by JFE Chemical Corporation, solid content rate of 18 mass%). The prepared solution was dispersed at a dispersion pressure of 100 MPa or more using a high-pressure collision type disperser to obtain a coating solution. However, the particles of the siloxane compound SQ were added in an amount such that the amount in the resulting film would be the content shown in Table 1 (content of the particles of the siloxane compound SQ relative to the resin).

[0155] (2nd process) The coating solution was applied onto a metal plate with a bar coater to a thickness of 100 μm to form a coating film on the metal plate.

[0156] (3rd step) The metal plate on which the coating film was formed was kept horizontal and the coating film was dried by heating at 140° C. for 30 minutes.

[0157] (4th step) The dried coating was heated for 120 minutes at a maximum temperature of 320° C. to form a resin coating, thereby obtaining a film.

[0158] <Examples 2 to 8, Comparative Example 1> As shown in Table 1, films were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the type and content of the siloxane compound and the type of resin were appropriately changed.

[0159] <Example 9> A resin solution is prepared by mixing and stirring the resin (PC: polycarbonate resin (product name TS-2040, manufactured by Teijin Limited) described in Table 1 with a solvent, THF (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), so that the resin solid content is 15 mass %. The steps after using this resin solution were the same as in Example 1, in which a coating solution in which particles of the siloxane compound SQ were dispersed was prepared, and this was used to form a film to obtain a film.

[0160] <Comparative Example 2> A film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that in the first step, high pressure dispersion was changed to stirring with a mixer.

[0161] <Measurement and Evaluation> (Measurement of the integral value of the statistic L(r) and the particle size of siloxane compound particles) For each of the obtained films, the integral value of the statistic L(r) and the particle size of the siloxane compound particles were determined by the methods described above. The results are shown in Table 1. The content of the siloxane compound particles is also shown in Table 1.

[0162] (peel strength) According to the method already described, the peel strength of the surface of the film of each example was measured at 140°C. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0163] The abbreviations shown in Table 1 are as follows. -Siloxane compounds- SQ1: Polymethylsilsesquioxane (product name MSP-N030, manufactured by Eiwa Co., Ltd., particle size 0.3 μm) SQ2: Polymethylsilsesquioxane (product name X-52-854, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., particle size 0.7 μm) SQ3: Polymethylsilsesquioxane (product name KMP-590, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., particle size 2.0 μm) SQ4: Polymethylsilsesquioxane (product name KMP-591, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., particle size 5.0 μm) SQ5: Silicone particles (product name KMP-605, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., particle size 2.0 μm) -resin- PI: Polyimide resin (product name JIV300R, manufactured by JFE Chemical Corporation) PAI: Polyamide-imide resin (product name HPC-9000F-8L, manufactured by Resonac Co., Ltd.) PC: Polycarbonate resin (product name TS-2040, manufactured by Teijin Ltd.)

[0164] [Table 1]

[0165] In Table 1 and the following Table 2, "RSiO 1.5 ] n In the column "Whether or not the compound has a structure represented by the formula: [RSiO 1.5 ] n (R: organic group, n: integer of 2 or more, R contains one or more alkyl groups), and "N" is a group represented by the formula: [RSiO 1.5 ] n (R: organic group, n: integer of 2 or more, R contains one or more alkyl groups).

[0166] From the above results, it is evident that the film of this Example is a film whose surface exhibits high oil repellency even in a high temperature environment, as compared with the film of the Comparative Example. Furthermore, it can be seen that, compared to the film of the comparative example, when the film of this embodiment is applied as a layer constituting the outer surface of a component, it is possible to impart to the outer surface of the component the property of exhibiting high oil repellency even in high temperature environments.

[0167] <Example 11> (1st step) A solution was prepared by adding particles of the siloxane compound SQ shown in Table 2 and carbon black (Special Black 4, Degussa) to polyamic acid in polyimide varnish (JIV300R, manufactured by JFE Chemical Corporation, solid content rate of 18% by mass). The prepared solution was dispersed at a dispersion pressure of 100 MPa or more using a high-pressure collision type disperser to obtain a coating solution. However, the particles of the siloxane compound SQ were added in an amount such that the amount in the resulting film would be the content (content of the particles of the siloxane compound SQ relative to the resin) shown in Table 2. Carbon black (Special Black 4, manufactured by Degussa) was added in an amount such that the amount in the resulting film (layer) would be the content (content of carbon black relative to the film (layer)) shown in Table 2.

[0168] (2nd process) First, an aluminum cylinder was prepared, and the surface of this aluminum cylinder was blasted to a surface roughness Ra of 0.5 μm. Next, a silicone-based mold release agent (product name: KS700, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was applied to the surface of the aluminum cylinder to a thickness of 2 μm, and baked at 300° C. for 1 hour to obtain a cylindrical mold. The coating liquid was applied to the obtained cylindrical mold by a flow coating method to a thickness of 180 μm, forming a coating film on the cylindrical mold.

[0169] (3rd step) The cylindrical mold on which the coating film had been formed was rotated while kept horizontal, and the coating film was dried by heating at 140° C. for 30 minutes using hot air.

[0170] (4th step) The dried coating film was heated for 120 minutes at a maximum temperature of 320°C to form a resin film, and a belt-shaped film was obtained. The obtained belt-like film was peeled off from the cylindrical mold to obtain an intermediate transfer belt having a volume resistivity of 10.2 Log Ωcm and a thickness of 90 μm.

[0171] <Examples 11 to 17, Comparative Example 3> As shown in Table 2, an intermediate transfer belt was obtained in the same manner as in Example 10, except that the type and content of the siloxane compound and the type of resin were appropriately changed.

[0172] <Example 18> A resin solution is prepared by mixing and stirring the resin (PC: polycarbonate resin (product name TS-2040, manufactured by Teijin Limited) described in Table 2 with a solvent, THF (manufactured by Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), so that the resin solid content is 15 mass %. The steps after using this resin solution were the same as in Example 10, except that a coating solution was prepared in which particles of the siloxane compound SQ and carbon black were dispersed, and this was used to form a film to obtain an intermediate transfer belt.

[0173] <Comparative Example 4> An intermediate transfer belt was obtained in the same manner as in Example 10, except that in the first step, high pressure dispersion was replaced by stirring with a mixer.

[0174] <Measurement and Evaluation> (Measurement of the integral value of the statistical quantity L(r), the particle size of the siloxane compound particles, and the peel force) For each of the intermediate transfer belts thus obtained, the integral value of the statistic L(r), the particle size of the siloxane compound particles, and the peel force were determined by the methods described above. The results are shown in Table 2. The contents of the siloxane compound particles and carbon black are also shown in Table 2.

[0175] (Image quality maintenance) Using a modified Fujifilm Business Innovation Co., Ltd. Docu Centre Color400CP machine equipped with each of the obtained intermediate transfer belts, paper was output up to 1500kPV, and the transfer image quality was evaluated in 50kPV increments. The output image was a 50% black halftone image, and the output image was visually observed and compared with a phenomenon sample image to evaluate the image quality as image density unevenness. The modification to the modified machine was that the rotation speed of the intermediate transfer belt was increased to 220mm / s. The paper used was Fujifilm Business Innovation Co., Ltd.'s product name "Lezac 66 (151g / m 2 The paper size was A3.

[0176] (cleaning durability) When evaluating the above image quality maintenance, the surface of the intermediate transfer belt was observed every certain number of sheets output (50 kPV), and cleaning durability was evaluated based on the state of deposits and the degree of surface wear.

[0177] [Table 2]

[0178] From the above results, it is found that the intermediate transfer belt of this embodiment is superior in transferability and cleaning durability to the intermediate transfer belt of the comparative example, and also that the image forming apparatus equipped with the intermediate transfer belt of this embodiment is superior in image retention to the image forming apparatus equipped with the intermediate transfer belt of the comparative example.

[0179] The present embodiment includes the following aspects. (((1))) resin and a compound of the formula: [RSiO 1.5 ] n and particles of a siloxane compound having a structure represented by the formula: (wherein R represents an organic group, and n represents an integer of 2 or more), and at least one R in the formula is a group containing an alkyl group, A film, in which in the spatial distribution of the particles present in an evaluation area of ​​63 μm × 42 μm, the integral value of the statistic L(r) expressed by the following formula (1) when the inter-particle distance r is 0.05 μm or more and 5.00 μm or less is 0 or more and 1.6 or less.

[0180]

number

[0181] In the formula (1), r represents the interparticle distance, and K(r) represents Ripley's K function K(r) represented by the following formula (2).

[0182]

number

[0183] In the formula (2), 1(|X i -X j |≦r) indicates the indicator function, and X i and X j indicate the coordinates of point i and point j, respectively, and |X i -X j | is the coordinate X i and coordinate X j represents the Euclidean distance between the particles, r represents the interparticle distance, and s(|X i -X j|) indicates the edge correction coefficient s(x) of the evaluation area expressed by the following formula (3), and x = |X i -X j |, where N represents the total number of particles in the evaluation area, and λ represents the number density of particles in the evaluation area.

[0184]

number

[0185] In the formula (3), L x and L y are the lengths (μm) of the sides of the evaluation area in the x-axis and y-axis directions, respectively, and x = |X i -X j | and X i and X j indicate the coordinates of point i and point j, respectively, and |X i -X j | is the coordinate X i and coordinate X j This shows the Euclidean distance between

[0186] (((2))) The film according to (((1))), wherein the particles have an average particle size of 0.05 μm or more and 3.0 μm or less. (((3))) The film according to (((2))), wherein the particles have an average particle size of 0.05 μm or more and 1.0 μm or less. (((4))) The film according to (((1))), wherein the content of the particles is 1% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, relative to the mass of the resin. (((5))) The film according to (((4))), wherein the content of the particles is 1% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, relative to the mass of the resin. (((6))) The film according to any one of (((1))) to (((5))), having a surface peel strength of 24 kPa or less at 140°C.

[0187] (((7))) A member having the film according to any one of (((1))) to (((6))) as a layer constituting an outer surface. (((8))) A transfer member having the film according to any one of (((1))) to (((6))), which further contains conductive particles as a layer constituting the outer surface. (((9))) A rotor having a first rotor and a second rotor arranged in contact with an outer surface of the first rotor, A fixing device in which at least one of the first rotating body and the second rotating body is configured using the member described in (((7))). (((10))) an image carrier; and a charging device for charging the surface of the image carrier; an electrostatic latent image forming device for forming an electrostatic latent image on a charged surface of the image carrier; a developing device that contains a developer containing a toner and develops an electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image carrier with the developer to form a toner image; a transfer device for transferring the toner image onto a surface of a recording medium; The fixing device according to (((9))) above, which fixes the toner image onto a surface of a recording medium; An image forming apparatus comprising:

[0188] (((11))) (((7))) and an intermediate transfer body having an outer peripheral surface on which a toner image is transferred; a primary transfer device for primarily transferring a toner image formed on a surface of an image carrier onto a surface of the intermediate transfer body; a secondary transfer device that secondarily transfers the toner image transferred onto the surface of the intermediate transfer body onto a surface of a recording medium; A transfer device comprising: (((12))) An intermediate transfer body having an outer peripheral surface on which a toner image is transferred, the intermediate transfer body being constituted by the transfer member according to (((8))); a primary transfer device for primarily transferring a toner image formed on a surface of an image carrier onto a surface of the intermediate transfer body; a secondary transfer device that secondarily transfers the toner image transferred onto the surface of the intermediate transfer body onto a surface of a recording medium; A transfer device comprising: (((13))) an image carrier; and a charging device for charging the surface of the image carrier; an electrostatic latent image forming device for forming an electrostatic latent image on a charged surface of the image carrier; a developing device that contains a developer containing a toner and develops an electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image carrier with the developer to form a toner image; a transfer device according to (((11))) or (((12))) that transfers the toner image onto a surface of a recording medium; a fixing device for fixing the toner image onto a surface of a recording medium; An image forming apparatus comprising:

[0189] The advantages of the above aspect are as follows. According to the invention (((1))), a resin and a polymerizable compound having the formula: [RSiO 1.5 ] n and particles of a siloxane compound having a structure represented by the following formula (wherein R represents an organic group, and n represents an integer of 2 or more), in which at least one R in the formula is a group containing an alkyl group, wherein, in a spatial distribution of the particles present in an evaluation area of ​​63 μm × 42 μm, the integral value of a statistic L(r) represented by formula (1) described below when the inter-particle distance r is 0.05 μm or more and 5.00 μm or less exceeds 1.6, compared to a film whose surface exhibits high oil repellency even in a high temperature environment.

[0190] According to the invention related to (((2))), a film is provided whose surface exhibits high oil repellency even in a high temperature environment, compared to a case in which the average particle size of the particles exceeds 3.0 μm. According to the invention related to (((3))), a film is provided whose surface exhibits high oil repellency even in a high temperature environment, compared with a case in which the average particle size of the particles is more than 1.0 μm and not more than 3.0 μm. According to the invention related to (((4))), a film is provided whose surface exhibits high oil repellency even in a high temperature environment, compared to a case in which the content of particles relative to the resin exceeds 50 mass %. According to the invention related to (((5))), a film is provided whose surface exhibits high oil repellency even in a high temperature environment, compared with a case in which the particle content relative to the resin is more than 10 mass % and not more than 50 mass %. According to the invention (((6))), there is provided a film whose surface exhibits high oil repellency even in a high temperature environment, as compared with a film whose surface has a peel strength of more than 24 kPa at 140°C.

[0191] According to the invention related to (((7)), (((8)), (((9)), (((10)), (((11)), (((12)), and (((13)), a polymerizable composition comprising a resin and a polymerizable compound of the formula: [RSiO 1.5 ] n and particles of a siloxane compound having a structure represented by the following formula (wherein R represents an organic group, and n represents an integer of 2 or more), in which at least one R in the formula is a group containing an alkyl group, wherein in a spatial distribution of the particles present in an evaluation area of ​​63 μm × 42 μm, an integral value of a statistic L(r) represented by formula (1) described below exceeds 1.6 when the inter-particle distance r is 0.05 μm or more and 5.00 μm or less is provided. A member or transfer member having a surface that exhibits high oil repellency even in a high temperature environment, a transfer device and an image forming device including an intermediate transfer body constituted by the member or transfer member, and a fixing device and an image forming device including a rotating body constituted by the member are provided. [Explanation of symbols]

[0192] 60 Fixing device 62 Pressure Belt 63 Belt guide 64 Pressure Pad 64a Front clamping member 64b Peeling and clamping member 65 Retaining member 66 Halogen lamp 68 Sliding members 69 Thermosensor 70 Peeling member 71 Peeling Claw 72 Retaining member 80 Fixing device 82 Sliding member 84 Heating Belt 86 Fuser Belt Module 88 Pressure Roll 89A halogen heater 89 Heated pressure roll 90A halogen heater 90 Support Roll 92A halogen heater 92 Support Roll 94 Posture Correction Roll 96 Support member 98 Support Roll 100 Image forming device 200 Fixing device 211 Pressure Roll 212 Electromagnetic induction heating device

Claims

1. A resin having the formula: [RSiO １．５ ] ｎ and particles of a siloxane compound having a structure represented by the formula: (wherein R represents an organic group, and n represents an integer of 2 or more), and at least one R in the formula is a group containing an alkyl group, In the spatial distribution of the particles present in an evaluation area of ​​63 μm × 42 μm, the integral value of a statistic L(r) expressed by the following formula (1) when the inter-particle distance r is 0.05 μm or more and 5.00 μm or less is 0 or more and 1.6 or less. [0010] In the formula (1), r represents the interparticle distance, and K(r) represents Ripley's K function K(r) represented by the following formula (2). [0025] In the formula (2), 1 (|X ｉ -X ｊ |≦r) indicates the indicator function, and X ｉ and X ｊ indicate the coordinates of point i and point j, respectively, and |X ｉ -X ｊ | is the coordinate X ｉ and coordinate X ｊ represents the Euclidean distance between the particles, r represents the interparticle distance, and s(|X ｉ -X ｊ |) indicates the edge correction coefficient s(x) of the evaluation area expressed by the following formula (3), and x = |X ｉ -X ｊ |, N represents the total number of particles in the evaluation area, and λ represents the number density of particles in the evaluation area. [0030] In the formula (3), L ｘ and L ｙ indicate the lengths (μm) of the sides of the evaluation area in the x-axis and y-axis directions, respectively, and x = |X ｉ -X ｊ | and X ｉ and X ｊ indicate the coordinates of point i and point j, respectively, and |X ｉ -X ｊ | is the coordinate X ｉ and coordinate X ｊ This shows the Euclidean distance between

2. 2. The film according to claim 1, wherein the particles have an average particle size of 0.05 μm or more and 3.0 μm or less.

3. The film according to claim 2 , wherein the particles have an average particle size of 0.05 μm or more and 1.0 μm or less.

4. The film according to claim 1 , wherein the content of the particles is from 1% by mass to 50% by mass with respect to the mass of the resin.

5. The film according to claim 4 , wherein the content of the particles is from 1% by mass to 10% by mass, based on the mass of the resin.

6. 2. The film according to claim 1, wherein the peel strength of the surface at 140° C. is 24 kPa or less.

7. A member having the film according to any one of claims 1 to 6 as a layer constituting an outer surface thereof.

8. 7. A transfer member having the film according to claim 1, further comprising conductive particles as a layer constituting an outer surface thereof.

9. A first rotating body and a second rotating body arranged in contact with an outer surface of the first rotating body, A fixing device, wherein at least one of the first rotating body and the second rotating body is constituted by the member according to claim 7 .

10. An image carrier; a charging device for charging the surface of the image carrier; an electrostatic latent image forming device for forming an electrostatic latent image on a charged surface of the image carrier; a developing device that contains a developer containing a toner and develops an electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image carrier with the developer to form a toner image; a transfer device for transferring the toner image onto a surface of a recording medium; The fixing device according to claim 9 , which fixes the toner image onto a surface of a recording medium; An image forming apparatus comprising:

11. an intermediate transfer member having an outer peripheral surface onto which a toner image is transferred, the intermediate transfer member being configured as described in claim 7; a primary transfer device for primarily transferring a toner image formed on a surface of an image carrier onto a surface of the intermediate transfer body; a secondary transfer device that secondarily transfers the toner image transferred onto the surface of the intermediate transfer body onto a surface of a recording medium; A transfer device comprising:

12. an intermediate transfer body having an outer peripheral surface on which a toner image is transferred, the intermediate transfer body being configured as the transfer member according to claim 8; a primary transfer device for primarily transferring a toner image formed on a surface of an image carrier onto a surface of the intermediate transfer body; a secondary transfer device that secondarily transfers the toner image transferred onto the surface of the intermediate transfer body onto a surface of a recording medium; A transfer device comprising:

13. An image carrier; a charging device for charging the surface of the image carrier; an electrostatic latent image forming device for forming an electrostatic latent image on a charged surface of the image carrier; a developing device that contains a developer containing a toner and develops an electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image carrier with the developer to form a toner image; a transfer device according to claim 11 or 12, which transfers the toner image onto a surface of a recording medium; a fixing device for fixing the toner image onto a surface of a recording medium; An image forming apparatus comprising:

Images