Apparatus and method using different optimum maximum power reduction values linearly dependent on different bandwidth groups

Abstract

To provide an apparatus and method using different optimum maximum power reduction values linearly dependent on different bandwidth groups.SOLUTION: The apparatus includes at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions, the instructions, when executed using the at least one processor, causing the apparatus to determine a channel bandwidth and determine a maximum power reduction of the channel bandwidth by using the value of the channel bandwidth as a value in an expression, based on the determined channel bandwidth.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 10

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The exemplary and non-limiting embodiments relate generally to wireless communications, and more particularly to power reduction during wireless transmissions. [Background technology]

[0002] It is known that higher order modulation and transmission bandwidth configurations reduce the maximum output power of user equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The following summary is intended to be an example only and is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

[0004] According to one aspect, an exemplary apparatus is provided that includes at least one processor and at least one memory that stores instructions that, when executed using the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to determine a channel bandwidth; and, based on the determined channel bandwidth, determine a maximum power reduction for the channel bandwidth using the value of the channel bandwidth as a value in an equation.

[0005] According to other aspects, an example method may be provided that includes determining a channel bandwidth and, based on the determined channel bandwidth, determining a maximum power reduction for the channel bandwidth using the value of the channel bandwidth as a value in an equation.

[0006] According to another aspect, an exemplary embodiment may be provided having a non-transitory computer-readable medium including program instructions that, when executed with an apparatus, cause the apparatus to at least determine which channel bandwidth group, from at least two channel bandwidth groups, a channel bandwidth is associated with, and select an equation from a plurality of equations based on the determined channel bandwidth group.

[0007] According to other aspects, an exemplary apparatus may be provided comprising: means for determining to which channel bandwidth group a channel bandwidth is associated from at least two channel bandwidth groups; and means for selecting an equation from a plurality of equations based on the determined channel bandwidth group.

[0008] According to another aspect, an exemplary apparatus may be provided that includes at least one processor and at least one memory that stores instructions that, when executed using the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform a first test of performance of the apparatus using a first channel bandwidth in a first channel bandwidth group to test a maximum allowed power reduction, the first channel bandwidth being a highest channel bandwidth supported by the apparatus in the first channel bandwidth group supported by the apparatus.

[0009] According to another aspect, an exemplary method may be provided that includes a first test of performance of a device using a first channel bandwidth in a first channel bandwidth group to test a maximum allowed power reduction, the first channel bandwidth being a highest channel bandwidth supported by the device in the first channel bandwidth group supported by the device.

[0010] According to another aspect, an exemplary embodiment may be provided having a non-transitory computer-readable medium including program instructions that, when executed with an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least a first test of the apparatus's performance using a first channel bandwidth in a first channel bandwidth group to test a maximum allowed power reduction, the first channel bandwidth being a highest channel bandwidth supported by the apparatus in the first channel bandwidth group supported by the apparatus.

[0011] According to another aspect, an exemplary apparatus may be provided that includes means for performing a first test of performance of the apparatus using a first channel bandwidth in a first channel bandwidth group to test a maximum allowed power reduction, the first channel bandwidth being a highest channel bandwidth supported by the apparatus in the first channel bandwidth group supported by the apparatus.

[0012] According to some aspects, the subject matter of the independent claims is provided. Further some aspects are provided in the subject matter of the dependent claims.

[0013] The foregoing aspects and other features are explained in the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0014] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one possible non-limiting example system in which example embodiments may be implemented. [Figure 2] 1 is a table showing an example of maximum power reduction (MPR) for Power Class 1 of the specification. [Figure 3] 1 is a table showing an example of a generic NR spectrum emission mask for a specification. [Figure 4] 1 is a chart showing a test sample example of maximum SEM limit backoff in decibels versus channel bandwidth in MHz. [Figure 5] 5 is a chart similar to FIG. 4 but including reference lines to illustrate one aspect of how MPR can be defined as a function of channel bandwidth. [Figure 6] 10 is a chart showing test sample examples of maximum L CRB as a function of channel bandwidth. [Figure 7] 10 is a table showing an example of a test configuration table for power class 1 (contiguous allocation) of band n14 of the specification. [Figure 8] 1 is a table showing an example of maximum power reduction (MPR) for Power Class 1 of the specification. [Figure 9A-9B](Also shown in FIG. 9) is a table showing an example of a table regarding UE power class test requirements for bands other than band n14 of power class 1 (contiguous allocation) of the specification. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary method of an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary method of an exemplary embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0015] The following abbreviations that may appear in the specification and / or drawings are defined below. 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project 5G (5th Generation) 5GC 5G Core Network AMF Access and Mobility Management Functions BB Baseband CU Central Unit DL Downlink DU Distributed Unit eNB (or eNodeB) Evolved Node B (e.g., LTE base station) EN-DC E-UTRA-NR dual connection A node that provides NR user plane and control plane protocol termination for en-gNB or En-gNB UE and acts as a secondary node for EN-DC E-UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access, i.e., LTE radio access technology FDD Frequency Division Duplex FR Frequency Range gNB (or gNodeB) A base station for 5G / NR, i.e., a node that provides NR user plane and control plane protocol termination for UEs and is connected to 5GC via the NG interface. I / F interface LTE Long Term Evolution MAC Media Access Control MME Mobility Management Entity MPR Maximum Power Reduction ng or NG Next Generation ng-eNB or NG-eNB Next Generation eNB NR New Radio N / W or NW Network PC Power Class PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol PHY Physical Layer RAN Radio Access Network RB Resource Block Rel Release RF radio frequency RLC Radio Link Control RRH Remote Radio Head RRC Radio Resource Control RU Wireless Unit Rx Receiver SDAP Service Data Adaptation Protocol SEM Spectrum Emission Mask SGW Serving Gateway SMF Session Management Facility TDD time division duplex TS Technical Specifications Tx transmitter UE User Equipment (e.g., wireless device, typically a mobile device) UL Uplink UPF User Plane Function WI work item

[0016] Turning to FIG. 1 , this figure illustrates a block diagram of one possible, non-limiting example in which embodiments may be implemented. Shown is a user equipment (UE) 110, a radio access network (RAN) node 170, and network element(s) 190. In the example of FIG. 1 , the user equipment (UE) 110 wirelessly communicates with a wireless network 100. The UE is a wireless device that can access the wireless network 100. The UE 110 includes one or more processors 120, one or more memories 125, and one or more transceivers 130, which are interconnected via one or more buses 127. Each of the one or more transceivers 130 includes a receiver Rx 132 and a transmitter Tx 133. The one or more buses 127 may be an address bus, a data bus, or a control bus, and may include any interconnection mechanism, such as a series of lines on a motherboard or integrated circuit, optical fiber or other optical communication facilities, etc. The one or more transceivers 130 are connected to one or more antennas 128. The one or more memories 125 include computer program code 123. The UE 110 includes a module 140 comprising one or both of portions 140-1 and / or 140-2, which may be implemented in numerous ways. The module 140 may be implemented in hardware as module 140-1 implemented as part of one or more processors 120. The module 140-1 may also be implemented as an integrated circuit or via other hardware such as a programmable gate array. In other examples, the module 140 may be implemented as module 140-2 implemented as computer program code 123 and executed by one or more processors 120. For example, the one or more memories 125 and the computer program code 123, together with the one or more processors 120, may be configured to cause the user equipment 110 to perform one or more of the operations described herein. The UE 110 communicates with the RAN node 170 via a wireless link 111.

[0017] The RAN node 170 in this example is a base station that provides access to the wireless network 100 by wireless devices such as the UE 110. The RAN node 170 may be, for example, a base station for 5G, also known as New Radio (NR). In 5G, the RAN node 170 may be an NG-RAN node, defined as either a gNB or an ng-eNB. A gNB is a node that provides NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations for UEs and connects to the 5GC (e.g., network element(s) 190) via an NG interface. An ng-RAN node may include multiple gNBs, which may also include a central unit (CU) (gNB-CU) 196 and distributed unit(s) (DU) (gNB-DU), of which DU 195 is shown. Note that a DU may include a radio unit (RU) or may be coupled to and control the RU. The gNB-CU is a logical node that hosts the RRC, SDAP, and PDCP protocols of the gNB, or the RRC and PDCP protocols of the en-gNB, which controls the operation of one or more gNB-DUs. The gNB-CU terminates the F1 interface connected to the gNB-DU. The F1 interface is shown as reference numeral 198, which also denotes a link between remote elements of the RAN node 170 and centralized elements of the RAN node 170, e.g., between the gNB-CU 196 and the gNB-DU 195. The gNB-DU is a logical node that hosts the RLC, MAC, and PHY layers of the gNB or en-gNB, and its operation is partially controlled by the gNB-CU. One gNB-CU supports one or more cells. One cell is supported by only one gNB-DU. The gNB-DU terminates the F1 interface 198 connected to the gNB-CU.It should be noted that while the DU 195 is considered to include the transceiver 160, e.g., as part of an RU, some examples of this may have the transceiver 160 as part of another RU, e.g., under the control of and connected to the DU 195. The RAN node 170 may also be an eNB (Evolved NodeB) base station for LTE (Long Term Evolution), or any other suitable base station or node.

[0018] The RAN node 170 includes one or more processors 152, one or more memories 155, one or more network interfaces (N / WI / F(s)) 161, and one or more transceivers 160, which are interconnected via one or more buses 157. Each of the one or more transceivers 160 includes a receiver Rx 162 and a transmitter Tx 163. The one or more transceivers 160 are connected to one or more antennas 158. The one or more memories 155 include computer program code 153. The CU 196 may include the processor(s) 152, memory 155, and network interface 161. Note that the DU 195 may also include its own memory / memories and processor(s), and / or other hardware, which are not shown.

[0019] The RAN node 170 includes a module 150 comprising one or both of portions 150-1 and / or 150-2, which may be implemented in numerous ways. The module 150 may be implemented in hardware as module 150-1 implemented as part of one or more processors 152. The module 150-1 may also be implemented as an integrated circuit or via other hardware such as a programmable gate array. In another example, the module 150 may be implemented as module 150-2 implemented as computer program code 153 and executed by one or more processors 152. For example, the one or more memories 155 and the computer program code 153, together with the one or more processors 152, are configured to cause the RAN node 170 to perform one or more of the operations described herein. It should be noted that the functionality of the module 150 may be distributed, e.g., distributed between the DU 195 and the CU 196, or implemented solely in the DU 195.

[0020] One or more network interfaces 161 communicate over a network, such as via links 176 and 131. Two or more gNBs 170 may communicate, for example, using link 176. Link 176 may be wired, wireless, or both, and may implement, for example, an Xn interface for 5G, an X2 interface for LTE, or other suitable interface for other standards.

[0021] The one or more buses 157 may be an address bus, a data bus, or a control bus and may include any interconnection mechanism, such as a series of lines on a motherboard or integrated circuit, optical fiber or other optical communication facilities, radio channels, etc. For example, the one or more transceivers 160 may be implemented as a remote radio head (RRH) 195 for LTE or a distributed unit (DU) 195 for a gNB implementation for 5G, and other elements of the RAN node 170 may be physically located differently from the RRH / DU, and the one or more buses 157 may be implemented in part, for example, as optical fiber cables or other appropriate network connections for connecting other elements of the RAN node 170 (e.g., a central unit (CU), gNB-CU) to the RRH / DU 195. Reference numeral 198 also indicates those appropriate network link(s).

[0022] It should be noted that while the description herein indicates that a "cell" performs a function, it is clear that the equipment forming the cell performs the function. A cell constitutes part of a base station; that is, there may be multiple cells per base station. For example, there may be three cells for a single carrier frequency and associated bandwidth, each covering one-third of a 360-degree area, such that the coverage area of a single base station roughly covers an ellipse or circle. Furthermore, each cell may correspond to a single carrier, and a base station may use multiple carriers. Thus, if there are three 120-degree cells per carrier and two carriers, the base station has a total of six cells.

[0023] The wireless network 100 may include a network element or elements 190 that may include core network functions, which provide connectivity via a link or links 181 with further networks, such as a telephone network and / or a data communication network (e.g., the Internet). Such core network functions for 5G may include access and mobility management function(s) (AMF(s)), and / or user plane functions (UPF(s)), and / or session management function(s) (SMF(s)). Such core network functions for LTE may include MME (Mobility Management Entity) / SGW (Serving Gateway) functions. Note that these are merely example functions that may be supported by the network element(s) 190, and that both 5G and LTE functions may be supported. The RAN node 170 is coupled to the network element 190 via link 131. Link 131 may be implemented, for example, as an NG interface for 5G, an S1 interface for LTE, or other appropriate interface for other standards. Network element 190 includes one or more processors 175, one or more memories 171, and one or more network interfaces (N / WI / F(s)) 180, interconnected via one or more buses 185. The one or more memories 171 include computer program code 173. The one or more memories 171 and the computer program code 173, together with the one or more processors 175, are configured to cause network element 190 to perform one or more operations.

[0024] Wireless network 100 may implement network virtualization, which is the process of combining hardware and software network resources and network functions to create a single software-based management entity, a virtual network. Network virtualization involves platform virtualization, which is often combined with resource virtualization. Network virtualization is categorized as either external network virtualization, which combines multiple networks or network portions to create a virtual unit, or internal network virtualization, which provides network-like functionality to software containers on a single system. It should be noted that the virtualized entities resulting from network virtualization are further implemented at some level using hardware, such as processor 152 or 175 and memory 155 and 171, and that such virtualized entities produce technical effects.

[0025] The computer-readable memories 125, 155, and 171 may be of any type suitable for the local technology environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, flash memory, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory, and removable memory. The computer-readable memories 125, 155, and 171 may be means for performing storage functions. The processors 120, 152, and 175 may be of any type suitable for the local technology environment, including, by way of non-limiting example, one or more of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), and a processor based on a multi-core processor architecture. The processors 120, 152, and 175 may be means for performing functions, such as control of the UE 110, the RAN node 170, and other functions described herein.

[0026] In general, various embodiments of user equipment 110 may include, but are not limited to, cellular telephones such as smartphones, tablets, personal digital assistants (PDAs) with wireless communication capabilities, portable computers with wireless communication capabilities, image capture devices such as digital cameras with wireless communication capabilities, gaming devices with wireless communication capabilities, music storage and playback devices with wireless communication capabilities, internet appliances allowing wireless internet access and browsing, tablets with wireless communication capabilities, and portable units or terminals incorporating combinations of such functionality.

[0027] In RAN4, a 3GPP WI on high-power UE operation for fixed wireless / vehicle use cases in LTE and NR bands is underway. One of the topics being discussed is the maximum power reduction (MPR) allowed for UE PC1 when the UL RB allocation is at or close to the UL channel bandwidth edge.

[0028] Traditionally, a UE is allowed to reduce its maximum output power due to higher modulation and transmission bandwidth configuration. For UE PC1, the allowed MPR is specified in Table 6.2.2-5 of TS38.101-1, as shown in Figure 2, where the MPRs for edge RB allocations related to the features described herein are highlighted at 202 and 204. An edge RB allocation is defined as an RB allocation located at (or near) either channel edge, with the allocation size not exceeding a specified maximum. Currently, UE PC1 is specified only for NR band n14 for public safety operations (e.g., as can be found in Table 6.2.1-1 of TS38.101-1), and ongoing 3GPP WI aims to specify UE PC1 for other NR bands.

[0029] The application of edge RB allocation and MPR in Table 6.2.2-5 of TS38.101-1 to UE PC1 in other NR bands is problematic, as discussed in R4-2214048 and shown by simulation results in R4-2216044. As a result, the following was agreed upon in RAN4#104-e in R4-2214432. If PC1 MPR needs to represent implementation using BB and RF transceivers on smartphone platforms, the addition of an edge allocation type with a minimum MPR of 8.5 dB and an edge region of 7 RB should be considered. It may be feasible to agree on a slightly better value of 8 dB or add signaling for the UE to declare the need for this additional allocation type.

[0030] Furthermore, the following was agreed in RAN4#104-bis-e of R4-2217116: · A set of edge RB allocations is defined to allow higher MPR for RB allocations that are limited by SEM due to linear spectral regrowth due to the window effect, except for band n14 MPR, which is kept unchanged. At the next meeting, we will further discuss whether and how to make the PC1 MPR of edge RB allocation dependent on the channel bandwidth, with a maximum MPR of 8.5 dB. At the next meeting, we will further discuss whether and how to define a set of edge RB allocations depending on the channel bandwidth.

[0031] Therefore, it is still necessary to define edge RB allocation and allowable MPR values for UE PC1 in other NR bands.

[0032] Regarding the allowable MPR, an email discussion in RAN4#104-bis-e (see R4-2217767) suggested that "only <50 MHz (most FDD) and >50 MHz (some TDD) may be sufficient." This proposal is based on the fact that Table 6.5.2.2-1 of TS38.101-1 specifies different generic NR spectrum emission mask limits for channel bandwidths <50 MHz and >50 MHz, as shown in annotated Figure 3, with the different limits highlighted in 302 and 304. Therefore, it is proposed to specify two sets of edge RB allocations and corresponding allowable MPR values: one set for channel bandwidths less than 50 MHz (<50 MHz) and another set for channel bandwidths ≥50 MHz (≥50 MHz).

[0033] The features described herein may be used for defining edge RB allocations and allowed MPR values for UE PC1 in NR bands other than n14.

[0034] Referring also to Figure 4, the power backoff required to meet the generic NR spectrum emission mask limit varies by channel bandwidth. For example, channel bandwidths ≥ 50 MHz require a higher power backoff than channel bandwidths < 50 MHz. This is due to the stricter -24 dBm limit 308 compared to the -13 dBm limit 306, 0 to 1 MHz outside the channel bandwidth, as specified in Table 6.5.2.2-1 of TS38.101-1, as seen in Figure 3. Figure 4 shows the SEM limit backoff values as a function of channel bandwidth.

[0035] If the proposal specifying only one allowable MPR value for the <50 MHz channel bandwidth group and only one allowable MPR value for the ≥50 MHz channel bandwidth group is adopted, the allowable MPR would need to be 6.5 dB and 8.5 dB for the <50 MHz channel bandwidth group and the ≥50 MHz channel bandwidth group, respectively, to cover all channel bandwidths within the corresponding (<50 MHz and ≥50 MHz) groups.

[0036] However, Figure 4 shows that the power backoff required to meet the generic NR spectrum emission mask limit also varies depending on the channel bandwidth within each group (<50 MHz and ≥50 MHz). Intermediate channel bandwidths require lower power backoff than lower channel bandwidths within the <50 MHz group. Intermediate channel bandwidths require lower power backoff than higher channel bandwidths within the ≥50 MHz group. For example, a 45 MHz channel bandwidth requires 2 dB less power backoff than a 5 MHz channel bandwidth, and a 50 MHz channel bandwidth requires 2 dB less power backoff than a 100 MHz channel bandwidth. This is explained by the guard-to-SCS ratio (the ratio of the minimum guard bandwidth to the subcarrier spacing). Below 50 MHz channel bandwidth, this guard-to-SCS ratio primarily increases with channel bandwidth. However, above 50 MHz, the guard-to-SCS ratio decreases with increasing channel bandwidth. The width of the linear spectral regrowth due to windowing is proportional to the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Therefore, the larger the guard-to-SCS ratio, the lower the required MPR. The minimum guard band width for each combination of channel bandwidth and SCS is specified in Table 5.3.3-1 of TS38.101-1. Therefore, adopting the proposal to specify the allowable MPR value using a common value for all channel bandwidths in the <50 group and a common value for all channel bandwidths in the ≥50 group would result in a 2 dB power backoff more than necessary, resulting in a 2 dB UL coverage loss.

[0037] Referring also to FIG. 5 , the "◯" represents multiple samples taken at 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 25 MHz, 30 MHz, 40 MHz, and 45 MHz, respectively, for frequencies <50 MHz. The "*" represents multiple samples taken at 50 MHz, 60 MHz, 70 MHz, 80 MHz, 90 MHz, and 100 MHz, respectively, for frequencies ≥50 MHz. Regression lines 502, 504 can be plotted for each group (<50 MHz and ≥50 MHz), showing that the required power backoff changes or varies as a function of channel bandwidth. As shown by line 502, the power backoff may decrease linearly in the <50 MHz group. For example, the power backoff may decrease for a channel bandwidth of 45 compared to a channel bandwidth of 10. As shown by line 504, the power backoff may increase linearly in the ≥50 MHz group. For example, the power backoff may increase for a channel bandwidth of 90 compared to a channel bandwidth of 60. Therefore, in order to avoid allowing more MPR than necessary, one example proposes that the channel bandwidth may be divided into channel bandwidth groups (e.g., two groups of <50 MHz and ≧50 MHz), and the allowable MPR value within each channel bandwidth group may be defined by a formula. Therefore, there may be a different formula for each group. Below are two example formulas, one for each of the above two exemplary groups: 1. Within the first group (<50MHz channel bandwidth group),

number

number

[0038] In the above equations, CBW is the channel bandwidth, e.g., 10 MHz, 20 MHz, 30 MHz, etc. Note that the specific dB values in the equations (7.2, 6, 5.35, 3.15) are examples only, and other values may be used. These types of equations allow the allowable MRP values to be defined as a linear function of the channel bandwidth. Some sample results from the above exemplary equations are as follows: When CBW=10, the allowable MPR is changed to the following value: =7.2dB-6dB(10 / 100) =7.2-0.6 =6.6dB When CBW=30, the allowable MPR is changed to the following value: =7.2dB-6dB(30 / 100) =7.2-1.8 =5.4dB When CBW=60, the allowable MPR is changed to the following value: =5.35dB+3.15dB(60 / 100) =5.35+1.89 =7.24dB When CBW=100, the allowable MPR is changed to the following value: =5.35dB+3.15dB(100 / 100) =5.35+3.15 =8.5dB

[0039] Again, these are merely examples and should not be considered limiting. Line 502 may be determined by comparing the highest value of each CBW sample (corresponding to different waveforms and modulations) and selecting two CBWs such that line 502 between the two CBWs exceeds the highest value of the other CBWs in the group. In the example shown in Figure 5, the two CBWs selected are 10 MHz and 45 MHz. The slope of line 502 may then be determined. That slope is then used to determine the values of "7.2" and "6" for the above sample. Or, put another way, The first equation is:

number

number

[0040] For the first equation, this is the equation of a straight line, where A is the selected point on line 502, and B is the slope. Therefore, only B is determined based on the slope, and A is determined based on the highest point at the 0 MHz CBW. For the second equation, this is also the equation of a straight line, where Y is the slope of line 504, and X is determined based on the highest point at the 100 MHz CBW and the slope of the line (X is the value at the 0 MHz CBW if line 504 were extended to the 0 MHz CBW).

[0041] Note that these formulas are merely examples. Any suitable formula will work, as long as the correct formula is selected for each group and the selected formula modifies or varies the allowable MPR as a function of or based on the CBW. In alternative examples, more or fewer than two groups may be provided. For example, <20 MHz may be included in one group, and another group may include ≥20 MHz to <50 MHz. In one type of alternative example, a group may consist of only one CBW, e.g., only 10 MHz. In one example, one formula is used for only one group. In another example, one formula is used for two or more groups. Thus, two groups may use the same formula. In alternative examples, the line need not be straight and have a uniform slope; the line may be curved. In this alternative example, the formula may be based on the curvature of the line relative to the CBW.

[0042] Regarding the edge RB allocation specification, as described in R4-2216044 and shown in Figure 6, the maximum edge RB allocation that requires a higher power backoff to meet the generic NR spectrum emission mask limit also varies depending on the channel bandwidth. Channel bandwidths ≥ 50 MHz require a larger edge RB allocation than channel bandwidths < 50 MHz. This is also due to the stricter limit of -24 dBm (compared to -13 dBm) at 0 to 1 MHz outside the channel bandwidth, as specified in Table 6.5.2.2-1 of TS38.101-1. Here, there is no regression line, as seen in the power backoff diagram above. Therefore, the proposal discussed in RAN4#104-bis-e to specify two edge RB allocation sizes (one for channel bandwidths < 50 MHz and one for channel bandwidths ≥ 50 MHz) seems reasonable. Referring also to Figure 7, for UE PC1 in NR band n14, the acceptable MPR can be tested using the minimum and maximum channel bandwidths supported by the UE as required in Table 6.2.2.4.1-2a of TS38.521-1 and the test channel bandwidth 702 associated with the features described herein. For UE PC1 in other NR bands, to test the UE's performance within each (<50 MHz and ≥50 MHz) channel bandwidth group, the test can include testing the acceptable MPR for the maximum channel bandwidth <50 MHz and minimum channel bandwidth ≥50 MHz supported by the UE, in addition to the currently required minimum and maximum channel bandwidths supported by the UE. This can help ensure that the UE provides sufficient performance within all supported channel bandwidths within the two channel bandwidth groups.

[0043] Therefore, the test may include both: 1. the currently required minimum and maximum bandwidths supported by the UE; and 2. a new test of acceptable MPR for the maximum channel bandwidth <50 MHz and the minimum channel bandwidth ≥50 MHz supported by the UE. Thus, two additional test points may be provided: Mid-Low <50 MHz and Mid-High ≥50 MHz. Note, however, that in some operating bands, only channel bandwidths <50 MHz are specified. Therefore, testing may only be provided for that one group.

[0044] The features described herein may be implemented by making the following, for example, changes in TS38.101-1: As shown in Figure 8, a note regarding applicability of n14 may be added to Table 6.2.2-5, and the following sentence may be included in 6.2.2 UE maximum output power reduction: To specify the valid RB allocation range for the outer and inner RB allocation, the following parameters are defined: N RB is the maximum number of RBs for a given channel bandwidth and subcarrier spacing as specified in Table 5.3.2-1. RB Start,Low =max(1,floor(L CRB / 2)) Here, max() denotes the maximum value of all arguments, and floor(x) is the largest integer less than or equal to x. RB Start,High =N RB -RB Start,Low -L CRB If the following conditions are met, the RB allocation is an internal RB allocation. RB Start,Low ≦RB Start ≦RB Start,High ,and, L CRB ≦ceil(N RB / 2) Here, ceil(x) is the smallest integer greater than or equal to x. Edge RB allocation is CRB This is an allocation in which RB(s) are allocated to the lowest or highest end of a channel with ≦2RBs. For PC1 UEs supporting bands other than n14, the MPR of edge RB allocation is defined as follows for two different channel bandwidth groups: Within the <50MHz channel bandwidth group,

number

number

number

number

[10] . For these nearly continuous signals of power classes 2 and 3, the maximum allowed power reduction specified in Table 6.2.2-2 and Table 6.2.2-1 is CEIL{10log 10 (1+N RB_gap / N RB_alloc ),0.5}dB where CEIL{x,0.5} means rounding x up to the nearest 0.5 dB. Start,Low and RB Start,High The parameters of are defined as follows: RB Start,Low =max(1,floor((N RB_alloc +N RB_gap ) / 2)) RB Start,High =N RB -RB Start,Low -N RB_alloc -N RB_gap The power limitations specified in subclause 6.2.4 apply to the maximum output power of the UE as modified by the MPR.

[0045] In TS38.508-1, features that may be implemented include: 4.3.1 Test Frequency Editor's Note: n7 (Medium: 25MHz, High: 50MHz), n8 (High: 35MHz), n25 (High: 45MHz), n40 (High: 100MHz), n65 (High: 50MHz), n66 (High: 45MHz), n71 (High: 35MHz), n75 (High: 50MHz), n79 (Low: 10MHz, RedCap: 20MHz, 10MHz), and n80 (High: 40MHz) are not currently included in the Test Channel Bandwidth Table because the test frequencies have not yet been specified. and 4.3.1.0F Medium-Low Test Channel Bandwidth The medium-low test channel bandwidth specifications for RF are given in Table 4.3.1.0F-1 for FR1. [Table 1-1] [Table 1-2] 4.3.1.0G Medium-High Test Channel Bandwidth The high test channel bandwidth specifications for RF are given in Table 4.3.1.0G-1 for FR1. [Table 2-1] [Table 2-2] [Table 2-3] NOTE 1 (Informative): In order to provide some flexibility for the Rel-15 and Rel-16 ecosystem, if the values listed in the above table are higher than the values signaled by the UE in supportedBandwidthDL / supportedBandwidthUL, the values signaled by the UE in supportedBandwidthDL / supportedBandwidthUL shall be used in single-carrier operation instead of the values listed in Table 4.3.1.0C-1.

[0046] In TS38.521-1, features that may be implemented include: 6.2.2 UE maximum output power reduction 6.2.2.1 Test Objectives The number of RBs shown in Table 6.2.2.3-1 is based on meeting the requirements for adjacent channel leakage ratio and maximum power reduction (MPR) by cubic metric (CM). 6.2.2.2 Applicability of the Test This test requirement applies to all types of NR Power Class 3 UE Release 15 and later and NR Power Class 1 UE Release 15 and later in NR band n14. The requirements for this test apply to all types of NR Power Class 2 UE that do not support txDiversity-r16 Release 15 or later. Note: If TS38.521-1 6.5.2.4.1 is performed, no test needs to be performed. 6.2.2.3 Minimum Conformance Requirements The UE is allowed to reduce its maximum output power due to higher modulation and transmission bandwidth configuration. For UE power classes 2 and 3 and UE power class 1 of n14, for channel bandwidths less than or equal to 100 MHz, the allowed maximum power reduction (MPR) is shown in Tables 6.2.2.3-2, 6.2.2.3-1, and 6.2.2.3-5, respectively. and Table 6.2.2.3-5a It is stipulated in. If the relative channel bandwidth is less than or equal to 4% in the TDD band or less than or equal to 3% in the FDD band, ΔMPR is set to zero. When the relative channel bandwidth is greater than 4% in the TDD band or greater than 3% in the FDD band, the ΔMPR is specified in Table 6.2.2.3-3. where relative channel bandwidth = 2*BW Channel / (F UL_low +F UL_high ) The allowable MPR for SRS, PUCCH formats 0, 1, 3, and 4, and PRACH is as specified for QPSK modulated DFT-s-OFDM with equivalent RB allocation. The allowable MPR for PUCCH format 2 is as specified for QPSK modulated CP-OFDM with equivalent RB allocation. and [Table 3-1] [Table 3-2] To specify the valid RB allocation range for outer and inner RB allocation, the following parameters are defined: N RB is the maximum number of RBs for a given channel bandwidth and subcarrier spacing as specified in Table 5.3.2-1. RB Start,Low =max(1,floor(L CRB / 2)) Here, max() denotes the maximum value of all arguments, and floor(x) is the largest integer less than or equal to x. RB Start,High =N RB -RB Start,Low -L CRB If the following conditions are met, the RB allocation is an internal RB allocation. RB Start,Low ≦RB Start ≦RB Start,High ,and, L CRB ≦ceil(N RB / 2) Here, ceil(x) is the smallest integer greater than or equal to x. Edge RB allocation is CRB This is an allocation in which RB(s) are allocated to the lowest or highest end of a channel with ≦2RBs. The RB allocation is an outer RB allocation with respect to all other allocations that are neither inner nor edge RB allocations. A CP-OFDM allocation is considered to be a nearly contiguous allocation if it satisfies the following conditions: N RB_gap / (N RB_alloc +N RB_gap )≦0.25 Also, N RB_alloc +N RB_gap is greater than 106RB, 51RB, or 24RB for 15kHz, 30kHz, or 60kHz SCS, respectively, where N RB_gap is the total number of unallocated RBs among allocated RBs, and N RB_alloc is the total number of allocated RBs. The size and location of the allocated and unallocated RBs are limited by the RBG parameters specified in subclause 6.1.2.2 of TS 38.214

[12] . For these nearly continuous signals of power classes 2 and 3, the maximum allowed power reduction specified in Tables 6.2.2.3-2 and 6.2.2.3-1 is CEIL{10log 10 (1+N RB_gap / N RB_alloc ),0.5}dB where CEIL{x,0.5} means rounding x up to the nearest 0.5 dB. Start,Low and RB Start,High The parameters of are defined as follows: RB Start,Low =max(1,floor((N RB_alloc +N RB_gap ) / 2)) RB Start,High =N RB -RB Start,Low -N RB_alloc -N RB_gap The power limitations specified in subclause 6.2.4 shall apply to the maximum output power of the UE as modified by the MPR. The normative reference for this requirement is TS38.101-1[2] clause 6.2.2. 6.2.2.4 Test Description 6.2.2.4.1 Initial conditions The initial conditions are the set of test configurations that the UE needs to be tested against and the steps that the SS will take to reach the correct measurement state with the UE. The initial test configuration consists of the environmental conditions, test frequencies, channel bandwidths, and subcarrier spacings based on the NR operating bands specified in Table 5.3.5-1. All these configurations shall be tested using the applicable test parameters for each combination of test channel bandwidth and subcarrier spacing, as specified in Tables 6.2.2.4.1-1, 6.2.2.4.1-2, 6.2.2.4.1-2a, 6.2.2.4.1-2b, 6.2.2.4.1-2c, 6.2.2.4.1-2d, 6.2.2.4.1-2e, 6.2.2.4.1-2f, 6.2.2.4.1-2g, 6.2.2.4.1-2h, 6.2.2.4.1-2i, 6.2.2.4.1-2j, 6.2.2.4.1-2i. Table 6.2.2.4.1-2c , and shown in Table 6.2.2.4.1-3. Details of the uplink Reference Measurement Channel (RMC) are specified in Annex A.2. The configuration of the PDSCH and PDCCH before measurements is specified in Annex C.2. and [Table 4-1] [Table 4-2] [Table 4-3] [Table 4-4] and 6.2.2.4.2 Test Procedures 1. The SS sends uplink scheduling information for each UL HARQ process via PDCCH DCI format 0_1 in C_RNTI to schedule UL RMC according to Table 6.2.2.4.1-1, Table 6.2.2.4.1-2, Table 6.2.2.4.1-2a, and Table 6.2.2.4.1-3. Since the UE has no payload and loopback data to send, the UE sends uplink MAC padding bits in the UL RMC. 2. Continuously send uplink power control "up" commands to the UE with all uplink scheduling information.UMAX It takes at least 200ms to reach the level. 3. Measure the average power of the UE over the channel bandwidth in radio access mode. The measurement period shall be at least 1 ms continuous over consecutive active uplink slots. In case of TDD, only slots consisting of only UL symbols shall be tested. 4. For UEs supporting Power Class 1 and Power Class 2, repeat steps 1 through 3 for test IDs 22 and 36 in Table 6.2.2.4.1-1 on applicable bands with the P-Max message exceptions specified in Table 6.2.2.4.3-2. NOTE 1: When switching to a DFT-s-OFDM waveform as specified in Table 6.2.2.4.1-1 and Table 6.2.2.4.1-2 of the test configuration, the NR RRCReconfiguration message is transmitted with the TRANSFORM_PRECODER_ENABLED condition according to TS38.508-1[5] clause 4.6.3 table 4.6.3-118 PUSCH-Config. and 6.2.2.4.2 Test Procedures 1. The SS sends uplink scheduling information for each UL HARQ process via PDCCH DCI format 0_1 in C_RNTI to schedule UL RMC according to Table 6.2.2.4.1-1, Table 6.2.2.4.1-2, Table 6.2.2.4.1-2a, and Table 6.2.2.4.1-3. Since the UE has no payload and loopback data to send, the UE sends uplink MAC padding bits in the UL RMC. 2. Continuously send uplink power control "up" commands to the UE with all uplink scheduling information. UMAX It takes at least 200ms to reach the level. 3. Measure the average power of the UE over the channel bandwidth in radio access mode. The measurement period shall be at least 1 ms continuous over consecutive active uplink slots. In case of TDD, only slots consisting of only UL symbols shall be tested. 4. For UEs supporting Power Class 1 and Power Class 2 in Band n14, repeat steps 1 through 3 for Test IDs 22 and 36 in Table 6.2.2.4.1-1 on applicable bands with the P-Max message exceptions specified in Table 6.2.2.4.3-2. NOTE 1: When switching to a DFT-s-OFDM waveform as specified in Table 6.2.2.4.1-1 and Table 6.2.2.4.1-2 of the test configuration, the NR RRCReconfiguration message is transmitted with the TRANSFORM_PRECODER_ENABLED condition according to TS38.508-1[5] clause 4.6.3 table 4.6.3-118 PUSCH-Config. and 6.2.2.5 Testing Requirements The maximum output power derived in step 3 must be within the range specified by the nominal maximum output power and tolerances in Tables 6.2.2.5-1 to 6.2.2.5-9a. The maximum output power derived in Step 4 is shown in Table 6.2.2.5-1 and Table 6.2.2.5-3. and 6.2.2.5.4 The nominal maximum output power and tolerances of the and new table in Table 6.2.2.5-4c: UE power class test requirements for bands other than band n14 of power class 1 (contiguous allocation) shown in Figure 9.

[0047] In the features described herein, rounding to 0.5 dB may be used in the formula(s) herein, recognizing that it may be difficult to achieve accuracy below 0.5 dB in actual device testing.

[0048] According to one example embodiment, an example apparatus may be provided that includes at least one processor and at least one memory that stores instructions that, when executed using the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to determine a channel bandwidth and, based on the determined channel bandwidth, determine a maximum power reduction for the channel bandwidth using the value of the channel bandwidth as a value in an equation.

[0049] The formula may include selecting a formula from a plurality of formulas and then determining the MPR using the selected formula. The formula may be determined from at least two respective power back-off values of the channel bandwidth. The formula may include a linear formula determined based on at least two highest back-off values of at least two spaced-apart channel bandwidths within the same channel bandwidth group. The formula may include a channel bandwidth value multiplied by a first power value to generate a product, the product being subtracted from a second power value. The formula may include a channel bandwidth value multiplied by the first power value to generate a product, the product being added to the second power value. The instructions may further cause determining which channel bandwidth group the channel bandwidth is associated with from the at least two channel bandwidth groups and selecting a formula from the plurality of formulas based on the determined channel bandwidth group. A first formula of the plurality of formulas may be based on a linear formula having a negative slope, and a second formula of the plurality of formulas is based on a linear formula having a positive slope. The first group of groups may include channel bandwidths less than 50 MHz. A second of the groups may include channel bandwidths of 50 MHz or greater.

[0050] Referring also to FIG. 10 , according to another exemplary embodiment, an exemplary method may be provided that includes determining a channel bandwidth, as indicated at block 1002, and determining a maximum power reduction for the channel bandwidth based on the determined channel bandwidth, as indicated at block 1004, using the value of the channel bandwidth as a value in an equation.

[0051] The formula may include selecting an equation from a plurality of equations and then determining the MPR using the selected equation. The equation may be determined from at least two respective power back-off values of the channel bandwidth. The equation may include a linear equation determined based on at least two highest back-off values of at least two respective spaced-apart channel bandwidths in the same channel bandwidth group. The equation may include a channel bandwidth value multiplied by a first power value to generate a product, the product being subtracted from a second power value. The equation may include a channel bandwidth value multiplied by the first power value to generate a product, the product being added to the second power value. The method may further include determining which channel bandwidth group the channel bandwidth is associated with from at least two channel bandwidth groups, and selecting an equation from the plurality of equations based on the determined channel bandwidth group. A first equation of the plurality of equations may be based on a linear equation having a negative slope, and a second equation of the plurality of equations is based on a linear equation having a positive slope. The first group of groups may include channel bandwidths less than 50 MHz. A second of the groups may include channel bandwidths of 50 MHz or greater.

[0052] According to other exemplary embodiments, an example may comprise a non-transitory computer-readable medium including program instructions that, when executed with an apparatus, cause the apparatus to at least determine which channel bandwidth group, from at least two channel bandwidth groups, a channel bandwidth is associated with, and select an equation from a plurality of equations based on the determined channel bandwidth group.

[0053] According to another exemplary embodiment, an exemplary apparatus may be provided comprising: means for determining to which channel bandwidth group a channel bandwidth is associated from at least two channel bandwidth groups; and means for selecting an equation from a plurality of equations based on the determined channel bandwidth group.

[0054] According to another example embodiment, an example apparatus may be provided that includes at least one processor and at least one memory that stores instructions that, when executed using the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform a first test of performance of the apparatus using a first channel bandwidth in a first channel bandwidth group to test a maximum allowed power reduction, the first channel bandwidth being a highest channel bandwidth supported by the apparatus in the first channel bandwidth group supported by the apparatus.

[0055] The first test may actually be a third channel bandwidth that is tested in addition to the lowest and highest channel bandwidths. The highest supported channel bandwidth in the first channel bandwidth group may be selected for testing, and it is not necessary to test all channel bandwidths in the first channel bandwidth group.

[0056] The first channel bandwidth group may include a minimum channel bandwidth supported by the device, and the device is further configured to perform a second test of the device's performance using a second channel bandwidth in the second channel bandwidth group to test a maximum allowed power reduction, the second channel bandwidth being the minimum channel bandwidth supported by the device in the second channel bandwidth group. The first channel bandwidth group may include a channel bandwidth less than 50 MHz. The second channel bandwidth group may include a channel bandwidth equal to or greater than 50 MHz. The maximum allowed power reduction may include a determined value rounded up. The determined value may be rounded up to the nearest multiple of approximately 0.5 dB. When executed by the at least one processor, the instructions may cause the device to perform further tests, including testing the minimum and maximum channel bandwidths supported by the device.

[0057] The second test may actually be a fourth channel bandwidth that is tested if the device supports any channel bandwidth in the second channel bandwidth group, etc. The highest supported channel bandwidth in the second channel bandwidth group may be selected for testing, and it is not necessary to test all channel bandwidths in the second channel bandwidth group.

[0058] Referring also to FIG. 11 , according to another exemplary embodiment, an exemplary method includes a first test of device performance using a first channel bandwidth in a first channel bandwidth group to test a maximum allowed power reduction, as shown in block 1102, where the first channel bandwidth is the highest channel bandwidth supported by the device in the first channel bandwidth group supported by the device.

[0059] The method may further include a second test of the device's performance using a second channel bandwidth in the second channel bandwidth group to test a maximum allowed power reduction, as shown in block 1104, where the second channel bandwidth is the lowest channel bandwidth supported by the device in the second channel bandwidth group. The first channel bandwidth group may include channel bandwidths less than 50 MHz. The second channel bandwidth group may include channel bandwidths equal to or greater than 50 MHz. The maximum allowed power reduction may include the determined value rounded up. The determined value may be rounded up to the nearest multiple of approximately 0.5 dB. The method may further include testing the lowest and highest channel bandwidths supported by the device, as shown in block 1106.

[0060] According to another example embodiment, an example may be provided having a non-transitory computer-readable medium including program instructions that, when executed using an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least a first test of the apparatus's performance using a first channel bandwidth in a first channel bandwidth group to test for a maximum allowed power reduction, the first channel bandwidth being the highest channel bandwidth supported by the apparatus in the first channel bandwidth group supported by the apparatus. The instructions, when executed on the apparatus, may cause the apparatus to perform at least a second test of the apparatus's performance using a second channel bandwidth in a second channel bandwidth group to test for a maximum allowed power reduction, the second channel bandwidth being the lowest channel bandwidth supported by the apparatus in the second channel bandwidth group. The instructions, when executed on the apparatus, may cause the apparatus to perform further tests of at least the lowest and highest channel bandwidths supported by the apparatus.

[0061] According to another exemplary embodiment, an exemplary apparatus may be provided, comprising means for performing a first test of the apparatus's performance using a first channel bandwidth in a first channel bandwidth group to test a maximum allowed power reduction, the first channel bandwidth being the highest channel bandwidth supported by the apparatus in the first channel bandwidth group supported by the apparatus. The apparatus may further include means for performing a second test of the apparatus's performance using a second channel bandwidth in a second channel bandwidth group to test a maximum allowed power reduction, the second channel bandwidth being the lowest channel bandwidth supported by the apparatus in the second channel bandwidth group. The apparatus may further include means for performing further tests of the lowest and highest channel bandwidths supported by the apparatus.

[0062] According to another exemplary embodiment, an exemplary apparatus may be provided, comprising at least one processor and at least one memory that stores instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to determine a channel bandwidth and, based on the determined channel bandwidth, determine a maximum power reduction for the channel bandwidth using the channel bandwidth value as a value in a formula. With respect to the "channel bandwidth value" being the "value in the formula," the "value in the formula" may be, for example, the "CBW" in the first formula above. The "channel bandwidth value" may be one of the channel bandwidth values, for example, in MHz, such as on the X-axis of FIG. 5. For example, the "channel bandwidth value" in the "value in the formula" may be 10 MHz, 20 MHz, 30 MHz, etc.

[0063] According to another example embodiment, an example apparatus may be provided that includes at least one processor and at least one memory that stores instructions that, when executed using the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform a first test of minimum and maximum channel bandwidths supported by the apparatus and a second test of the apparatus' performance within a first channel bandwidth group to test a maximum power reduction allowed, wherein the first channel bandwidth group includes either a minimum channel bandwidth supported by the apparatus or a maximum channel bandwidth supported by the apparatus.

[0064] As can be seen from the above discussion, current proposals for standardization result in larger than necessary maximum power reductions near resource blocks located at the edges of the channel bandwidth, and therefore the features described herein allow for the use of formulas or algorithms that provide more appropriate reductions.

[0065] The features described herein may be used in 5G / NR to determine the maximum power reduction (MPR) allowed for a UE, for example, when an UL resource block (RB) allocation is at or near the UL channel bandwidth edge. The UE may be allowed to reduce its maximum output power due to a higher-order modulation and transmission bandwidth configuration. An edge RB allocation is defined as an RB allocation located at (or near) either channel edge, whose allocation size does not exceed a specified maximum. Edge RB allocations and corresponding allowed MPR values may be defined for channel bandwidths < 50 MHz and ≥ 50 MHz. However, if the proposal discussed in RAN4#104-bis-e is adopted, variations in channel bandwidth within each frequency group would result in a 2 dB UL coverage loss and an excessively large MPR value would be applied. To prevent the applied MPR from being unnecessarily large, the channel bandwidth may be divided into two or more groups (e.g., < 50 MHz and ≥ 50 MHz), and then an allowed MPR value may be defined within each group based on a respective formula.

[0066] Additionally, to test UE performance within each group (e.g., <50 MHz and ≥50 MHz), the acceptable MPR for the maximum channel bandwidth <50 MHz and minimum channel bandwidth ≥50 MHz supported by the UE may also be tested. This may be done in addition to testing the currently required minimum and maximum channel bandwidths supported by the UE, which may be used to ensure that the UE provides sufficient performance within all supported channel bandwidths within the two channel bandwidth groups.

[0067] As used herein, the term "non-transitory" is not a limitation regarding the permanence of the data storage (eg, RAM vs. ROM), but rather a limitation of the medium itself (ie, tangible rather than signal).

[0068] The term "circuitry," as used herein, may refer to one or more or all of the following: (a) Hardware-only circuit implementations (e.g., implementations using only analog and / or digital circuits); (b) For example (where applicable), a combination of the following hardware circuitry and software: (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuitry(s) and software / firmware; (ii) any portion of software-based hardware processor(s) (including digital signal processor(s)), software, and memory(s) that cooperate to cause a device, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions; (iii) Hardware circuit(s) and / or processor(s), such as microprocessor(s) or portions of microprocessor(s), that require software (e.g., firmware) to operate, but software may not be present if not necessary for operation.

[0069] This definition of circuit applies to all uses of the term in this application, including any claims. As a further example, the term circuit, as used herein, encompasses an embodiment of a simple hardware circuit or processor(s), or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor, as well as its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuit also encompasses, for example, a baseband or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device, or a similar integrated circuit in a server, cellular network device, or other computing or network device, if applicable to certain claim elements.

[0070] It should be understood that the above description is merely illustrative. Various alternatives and modifications may occur to those skilled in the art. For example, the features recited in the various dependent claims may be combined with each other in any suitable combination(s). Furthermore, features of different embodiments described above may be selectively combined to create new embodiments. Accordingly, this description is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. at least one processor; at least one memory for storing instructions; wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the device to: determining a channel bandwidth (CBW); determining a maximum power reduction (MPR) for the CBW based on the determined CBW using the value of the CBW as a value in a formula; The device causes the above to be executed.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the formula is determined from at least two respective power backoff values of CBW.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the formula comprises a linear formula determined based on at least two highest backoff values of at least two spaced apart respective CBWs in the same CBW group.

4. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the formula includes the value of the CBW multiplied by a first power value to generate a product, and the product is subtracted from a second power value.

5. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the formula includes the value of the CBW multiplied by a first power value to produce a product, and the product is added to a second power value.

6. The device comprises: determining, from at least two CBW groups, which CBW group the channel bandwidth is associated with; selecting the formula from a plurality of formulas based on the determined CBW group; The apparatus of claim 1 , further configured to perform the following:

7. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein a first equation of the plurality of equations is based on an equation of a line having a negative slope and a second equation of the plurality of equations is based on an equation of a line having a positive slope.

8. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein a first one of the groups includes a CBW less than 50 MHz and a second one of the groups includes a CBW greater than or equal to 50 MHz.

9. The above formula is, for the CBW group below 50 MHz, [Equation 1] and The above formula is as follows for the CBW group above 50 MHz: [Equation 2] and 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein CEIL(x, 0.5 dB) means rounding x up to the nearest multiple of 0.5 dB.

10. determining a channel bandwidth (CBW); determining a maximum power reduction (MPR) for the channel bandwidth based on the determined CBW, using the value of the CBW as a value in a formula; A method comprising:

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the formula is determined from at least two respective power backoff values of the CBW.

12. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the formula comprises a linear formula determined based on at least two highest backoff values of at least two spaced apart respective CBWs in the same CBW group.

13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the formula includes the value of the CBW multiplied by a first power value to produce a product, and the product is subtracted from a second power value.

14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the formula includes the value of the CBW multiplied by a first power value to produce a product, and the product is added to a second power value.

15. determining, from at least two CBW groups, which CBW group the channel bandwidth is associated with; selecting the formula from a plurality of formulas based on the determined CBW group; The method of claim 11 further comprising:

16. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein a first equation of the plurality of equations is based on an equation of a line having a negative slope and a second equation of the plurality of equations is based on an equation of a line having a positive slope.

17. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein a first one of the groups includes CBWs below 50 MHz and a second one of the groups includes CBWs above 50 MHz.

18. The above formula is, for the CBW group below 50 MHz, [Equation 3] and The above formula is as follows for the CBW group above 50 MHz: [Equation 4] and The method of claim 10, wherein CEIL(x, 0.5 dB) means rounding x up to the nearest multiple of 0.5 dB.

19. A non-transitory computer-readable medium containing program instructions that, when executed using an apparatus, cause the apparatus to at least: determining, from at least two channel bandwidth (CBW) groups, to which CBW group the channel bandwidth is associated; selecting an equation for determining a maximum power reduction (MPR) of the CBW from a plurality of equations based on the determined CBW group; The non-transitory computer-readable medium causes the execution of the above.

20. the CBW group includes a CBW group below 50 MHz and a CBW group above 50 MHz; Selecting the formula For CBW groups below 50 MHz, [Equation 5] and For CBW groups above 50MHz, [Equation 6] and Including, 20. The computer-readable medium of claim 19, wherein CEIL(x, 0.5 dB) means rounding x up to the nearest multiple of 0.5 dB.

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