Air inlet device for shelter

Abstract

To provide an air inlet device for a shelter capable of maintaining indoor air in a good condition over a long period and avoiding flooding inside the shelter caused by a tsunami.SOLUTION: An air inlet device 1 for a shelter comprises a plurality of outside air inlet valves 10, an open / close unit 20, and a filter unit 30. The outside air inlet valve 10 comprises an outside air inlet tube 11 and an open / close lid 15. Two outside air inlet tubes 11 are installed through a top plate 53. By operating the open / close unit 20, the open / close lids 15 move synchronously in a vertical direction D2 to open or close outside air inlet holes 11a. The filter unit 30 comprises a filter group 35 including a first filter 31 and a second filter 32, and a screen section S. By moving the screen section S, outside air 0A passing through the opening surface OP flows into a shelter interior 105 via the first filter 31 or the second filter 32.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an air intake device for a shelter for taking in outside air into a shelter room. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, the international situation has seen increasing military tensions, and there is a risk of buildings being destroyed by missile attacks, and in some cases, nuclear attacks. In many countries, many shelters have been installed to protect people from such military attacks.

[0003] In light of the increasingly tense international situation, there is a growing demand in Japan as well for the installation of so-called nuclear shelters that have radiation shielding capabilities in preparation for emergencies such as war or natural disasters.

[0004] Nuclear shelters must be extremely airtight to keep out radioactive materials. In this case, a certain amount of oxygen must be supplied to the people evacuated to the shelter to maintain their lives. If the evacuation will be prolonged, it may be possible to install a purification system that takes in air containing radioactive materials from outside and purifies it before bringing it indoors.

[0005] In recent years, there has been concern about tsunami disasters caused by large-scale earthquakes, and it is anticipated that shelters may be submerged. In this case, it is necessary to block the inflow of air from outside to prevent flooding of the shelter due to the tsunami.

[0006] Patent Documents 1 and 2 propose air purifiers that include a radioactive material removal section in the air flow path, which is made up of a pre-filter, a HEPA filter, and activated carbon. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0007] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2019-219403 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2020-126072 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0008] However, the air purifiers proposed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 have a complex structure and require a large installation space. In addition, it is considered difficult to prevent the interior of a shelter from being flooded by a tsunami.

[0009] The present invention was made with an eye on these problems, and aims to provide an air intake device for a shelter that can maintain indoor air in good condition for a long period of time and prevent flooding inside the shelter due to a tsunami. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] The invention to solve the above problem is an intake device for a shelter for taking in outside air into a shelter room, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of outside air intake valves that can take in outside air, an opening / closing unit that opens and closes the plurality of outside air intake valves, a filter unit that can remove pollutants contained in the outside air that has passed through the outside air intake valves, and an outflow unit that allows the outside air that has passed through the filter unit to flow out into the shelter room.

[0011] With this configuration, the outside air intake valve that can take in outside air is configured with multiple outside air intake valves, so outside air can be taken in more stably than when it is configured with only one. For example, even if one of the multiple outside air intake valves becomes impaired for some reason, the intake function can be maintained by utilizing the other outside air intake valves. In addition, flow rate adjustment is easy.

[0012] Preferably, the outside air introduction valve is characterized by comprising an outside air inlet tube that defines an outside air introduction hole for introducing outside air, and an opening / closing lid that opens and closes the outside air inlet hole.

[0013] With this configuration, the outside air introduction valve is composed of an outside air introduction tube that defines an outside air introduction hole for letting outside air in, and an opening / closing lid that opens and closes the outside air inlet hole, so the outside air introduction valve can have an extremely simple structure. Also, because it is composed of multiple opening / closing lids, the pressure-receiving area can be set smaller than in the case of a single opening / closing lid, making it less likely to deform and making it easier to ensure a predetermined strength.

[0014] Preferably, the opening / closing unit has a synchronous moving unit connected to the multiple opening / closing lids and an operating unit that operates the synchronous moving unit, and the synchronous moving unit moves the opening / closing lids synchronously, thereby opening and closing the multiple outside air intake holes simultaneously.

[0015] According to this configuration, the plurality of opening / closing lids are opened and closed simultaneously, so that outside air can be taken in from the plurality of outside air introduction tubes simultaneously, or the introduction of outside air can be blocked simultaneously.

[0016] Preferably, the synchronized moving portion has a sliding rib that slides along a recess provided in the outside air introduction tube.

[0017] According to this configuration, the synchronized moving portion has a sliding rib that slides along the recessed portion provided in the outside air introduction tube, which allows for smooth movement and displacement of the opening / closing cover.

[0018] One end of the sliding rib is connected to the opening / closing cover, and the other end is provided with a stopper that limits the movement of the opening / closing cover in the opening direction.

[0019] With this configuration, one end of the sliding rib is connected to the cover, so the cover can be stiffened by the sliding rib, and the other end of the sliding rib is provided with a stopper that limits the movement of the cover in the opening direction, so the movement of the cover in the opening direction is naturally limited.

[0020] Preferably, a plurality of the sliding ribs and recesses are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the outside air introduction tube.

[0021] According to this configuration, multiple sliding ribs and recesses are provided at equal intervals around the circumference of the outside air intake tube, allowing for smoother movement and displacement of the opening and closing lid, and enabling the sliding ribs to efficiently stiffen the opening and closing lid.

[0022] Preferably, the shelter comprises a filter section capable of removing pollutants contained in the outside air that has passed through the outside air introduction valve, and an outlet section for discharging the outside air that has passed through the filter section into the shelter room, wherein the filter section has a first filter extending along a first direction and a screen section having an opening surface that moves along the first direction, the first filter having the ability to remove harmful substances contained in the outside air, the opening surface being set in a shape that is contained within the area of ​​the first filter in a planar view, and the outside air passing through the first filter section passing through the opening surface.

[0023] According to this configuration, by moving the opening in the first direction, the position of the first filter through which the outside air passes can be moved, thereby maintaining the first filter's ability to remove harmful substances contained in the outside air for a long period of time.

[0024] Preferably, the filter section has a second filter arranged adjacent to the first filter and extending along the first direction, the second filter having the ability to remove dust contained in the outside air, the opening surface being set in a shape that is accommodated within the area of ​​the second filter in a plan view, and the outside air passing through the second filter section passes through the opening surface.

[0025] According to this configuration, the filter section has a second filter that is arranged adjacent to the first filter and extends along the first direction, so that by moving the opening in the first direction, the outside air can be passed through the first filter or the second filter as appropriate. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0026] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a front cross-sectional view of an air intake device for a shelter. [Figure 2]FIG. 10 is a front cross-sectional view of the air intake device for a shelter in a submerged state. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a plan cross-sectional view of an outside air inlet valve. [Figure 4] FIG. [Figure 5] FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0027] Hereinafter, an embodiment of an air intake device 1 for a shelter (hereinafter referred to as air intake device 1) of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

[0028] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the intake device 1 is attached to an outer shell 50 and includes multiple outside air intake valves 10, an opening / closing unit 20, and a filter unit 30. The outer shell 50 is a box with one open side and is composed of a bottom plate 51, side plates 52, and a top plate 53. The ends of the bottom plate 51, side plates 52, and top plate 53 are connected to the side walls 105 of the shelter 100. The shelter 100 illustrated in this embodiment is a so-called underground shelter, with the interior space buried underground 110, but is not limited thereto. The shelter 100 may have a semi-underground structure, with approximately half of the interior space buried underground 110, or may have an interior space above ground 111. Furthermore, although this embodiment illustrates the outer shell 50 being buried underground 110, it may also be installed above ground.

[0029] The outside air introduction valve 10 has an outside air introduction tube 11 and an open / close lid 15. Two outside air introduction tubes 11 are attached by penetrating the top plate 53. A cylindrical outside air introduction hole 11a is defined by the internal space of the outside air introduction tube 11. The outside air introduction hole 11a is a hole for taking in outside air OA into the outer shell 50, and is covered by a pre-filter 60. The pre-filter 60 has the ability to remove dust and dirt.

[0030] The opening / closing cover 15 is for opening and closing the outside air introduction hole 11a. By opening the outside air introduction hole 11a, the outside air introduction hole 11a can take in outside air OA. By closing the cover, the inflow of outside air OA from the outside air introduction hole 11a can be blocked.

[0031] As shown in FIG. 5 , the open-close cover 15 has a dome-shaped dome body 16 and dome legs 17 extending from the outer edge of the dome body 16 toward the top plate. Operating the open-close unit 20 causes the dome legs 17 to move in the vertical direction D2 (the direction in which the outside air introduction tube 11 extends). Furthermore, the dome legs 17 move downward in the figure and come into contact with the top plate 53, thereby closing the outside air introduction hole 11a. Packings 18 are attached to the edges of the dome legs 17. The packings 18 are intended to improve the blocking performance when the open-close cover 15 closes the outside air introduction hole 11a. While two outside air introduction valves 10 are illustrated in this embodiment, this is not a limitation. Three or more outside air introduction valves may be used. Furthermore, the shape of the outside air introduction hole 11a is not limited to being formed inside a cylinder, but may be formed inside a triangular, rectangular, or polygonal cylinder.

[0032] The opening / closing unit 20 has a synchronous movement unit 21 for moving the opening / closing covers 15 in the vertical direction D2 in synchronization with each other, and an operating unit 27 for operating the synchronous movement unit 21. The synchronous movement unit 21 is a device that limits the circumferential and radial movement of the two opening / closing covers 15 and moves each of the opening / closing covers 15 in synchronization with each other.

[0033] The synchronous movement unit 21 has a sliding rib 22, a base material 24, a support material 25, and a male screw member 26. The support material 25 is a rod member extending in the vertical direction D2, with one end connected to the center of the opening / closing lid 15 and the other end connected to the end of the base material 24. The base material 24 is screwed into the male screw member 26 at its center. The male screw member 26 is a rod member that has a male screw on its outer surface and extends in the vertical direction D2, and is configured to rotate around the axis of the rod member by a motor (operating unit 27).

[0034] The sliding rib 22 is joined to a support member 25. One end of the sliding rib 22 in the vertical direction D2 is joined to the opening / closing cover 15, and the other end is fitted with a stopper 23. The stopper 23 is intended to limit the upward movement of the opening / closing cover 15.

[0035] The filter section 30 includes a filter group 35 consisting of a first filter 31 and a second filter 32, and a screen section S. The filter group 35 has a structure in which the first filter 31 and the second filter 32 are arranged in a row in a first direction D1 and supported by a first sealing member 71 and a second sealing member 72. The first sealing member 71 contacts the side panel 52, and the second sealing member 72 closes a filter opening 105a that penetrates a side wall 105 of the shelter 100. The upper surface of the filter group 35 is covered by a screen section S. The screen section S has an opening surface OP. By rotating drums 38 and 38a placed on the left and right sides of the screen section S in the figure, the opening surface OP moves left and right in the first direction D1. In other words, the drums 38 and 38a are configured to wind up the screen section S so that it can be unwound (rewound) as described below. The drums 38 and 38a may be driven, for example, by a synchronous motor that can rotate forward and backward.

[0036] The filter group 35 is supported by a support rail 36, and can be removed into the shelter room 101 by sliding along the support rail 36 through a filter opening 105a provided in the side wall 105 of the shelter 100.

[0037] The first filter 31 has the ability to remove harmful substances contained in the outside air OA. Specifically, the harmful substances referred to here include radioactive materials, toxic gases, and harmful microorganisms such as anthrax. The first filter 31 illustrated in this embodiment is a HEPA filter, but is not limited to this. For example, an activated carbon fiber filter may be used, or a HEPA filter and an activated carbon fiber filter may be layered. The type of filter may be determined appropriately based on the expected level of contamination of the outside air OA. The second filter 32 also has the ability to remove fine particles such as pollen.

[0038] An outflow section 40 is provided below the filter section 30. The outflow section 40 is a space for allowing the outside air OA that has passed through the filter group 35 to flow into the shelter room 101. The outside air OA that has passed through the filter group 35 flows into the shelter room 101 through an adjustment valve B that is attached to the side of the shelter room 101.

[0039] As shown in Fig. 3, two outside air introduction valves 10 are arranged in a row along the first direction D1. The outside air introduction valves 10 may be arranged in any direction and are not limited to the first direction D1. The outside air introduction hole 11a is a cylindrical hole defined by the outside air introduction tube 11, which is a cylinder inserted into the top plate 53. Four recesses 12 are provided inside the outside air introduction tube 11 so as to be equally spaced apart in the circumferential direction.

[0040] The sliding rib 22 is a plate member joined to the support member 25, and the outer end of the sliding rib 22 is inserted into the recess 12. This restricts and limits the circumferential displacement of the outside air introduction tube 11, which is also around the support member 25 of the sliding rib 22.

[0041] The mechanism by which the opening / closing cover 15 moves up and down will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0042] When the motor (operating unit 27) is operated to rotate the male screw member 26, the base material 24 moves up and down in accordance with the rotation. At the same time, the base material 24 tries to rotate around the male screw member 26 in the opposite direction to the male screw member 26. However, the rotation of the base material 24 is suppressed by the sliding rib 22 coming into contact with the recess 12. As a result, the base material 24 moves and displaces only in the up and down direction.

[0043] The two support members 25 connected to the ends of the base member 24 are displaced and moved synchronously in the vertical direction D2 as they slide in the recesses 12 of the sliding ribs 22. This ensures that the support members 25 move synchronously in the vertical direction.

[0044] The lifting of the opening / closing cover 15 stops when the stopper 23 comes into contact with the top plate 53. In this state, all of the sliding ribs 22 are inserted into the recesses 12 over the entire length. In other words, even when the support member 25 protrudes from the top plate 53, irregular displacement of the opening / closing cover 15 is restrained, and a stable state can be maintained.

[0045] As shown in FIG. 4 , the filter unit 30 completely covers the area defined by the outer shell 50 and the sidewall 105 in a plan view. The screen unit S is provided to cover the filter group 35. By alternately rotating the pair of drums 38, 38a in forward and reverse directions, the screen unit S is wound from one end onto one drum and unwound onto the other drum, moving left and right in the first direction D1. The screen unit S has an opening OP, which is shaped to fit within the internal regions of the first filter 31 and the second filter 32 in a plan view. By moving the screen unit S to move the opening OP in the first direction D1, the position of the opening OP can be appropriately set. As a result, the opening OP is accommodated within the internal region of only one filter in a plan view. In other words, outside air OA can pass through only one of the first filter 31 or the second filter 32.

[0046] It is preferable that the first filter length L1, which is the length of the first filter 31 in the first direction D1, be set to at least twice the opening surface length LOP, which is the length of the opening surface OP in the first direction (L1≧2LOP). This makes it possible to use the portion of the first filter 31 that has not been passed through the opening surface OP as a new filter, even if the first filter 31 located at the opening surface OP exceeds its usage limit and becomes clogged, by moving the opening surface OP. This makes it possible to extend the replacement interval for the first filter 31.

[0047] More preferably, the second filter length L2, which is the length of the second filter 32 in the first direction D1, is set to be at least twice the opening surface length LOP (L2≧2LOP). For the same reasons as those described above, the replacement interval for the second filter 32 can be extended.

[0048] The operation procedure of the intake device 1 will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0049] When an emergency situation occurs and people take refuge in the shelter room 101, an exhaust device (not shown) provided in the shelter 100 is operated and the opening / closing lid 15 is opened at the same time. By operating the exhaust device, the pressure inside the shelter room 101 decreases, and outside air OA is naturally taken in through the outside air inlet 11a.

[0050] In a situation where the emergency situation is not considered to be a nuclear threat or a threat from biological or chemical weapons, such as a situation where an earthquake or fire has occurred, the opening surface OP is set in the interior region of the second filter 32. Then, the outside air OA passes through the pre-filter 60 and the second filter 32 and is taken into the shelter room 101. During this process, dust and dirt contained in the outside air OA is removed by the pre-filter 60. Furthermore, substances finer than dust and dirt, such as pollen, are removed by the second filter 32. In this way, the outside air OA from which dust, dirt, pollen, etc. have been removed flows into the shelter room 101.

[0051] When it is confirmed that the second filter 32 is clogged, the drum 38 is operated to move the filter group 35 into the shelter room 101, the clogged second filter 32 is replaced with a new second filter 32, and the filter group 35 is set again.

[0052] If the emergency situation is considered to be a nuclear threat or a threat from biological or chemical weapons, for example, in a situation where a nuclear or biological or chemical weapon attack is being carried out by a third country, the opening surface OP is set within the interior area of ​​the first filter 31. Then, the outside air OA passes through the pre-filter 60 and the first filter 31 and is taken into the shelter room 101. During this process, dust and dirt contained in the outside air OA are removed by the pre-filter 60. Furthermore, nuclear materials and harmful bacteria are removed by the first filter 31. As a result, the contaminated outside air OA is supplied and flows into the shelter room 101 in a purified state.

[0053] If clogging of the first filter 31 is confirmed, the drums 38, 38a are rotated to move the screen section S and set the opening surface OP anew within the area of ​​the first filter 31. Furthermore, if clogging is confirmed throughout the entire range of the first filter 31, the opening / closing lid 15 is closed, the filter group 35 is moved into the shelter room 101, the clogged first filter 31 is replaced with a new first filter 31, the filter group 35 is reset, and then the outside air introduction hole 11a that was blocked by the opening / closing lid 15 is opened.

[0054] When replacing the first filter 31, it is preferable to take sufficient measures to prevent contamination with harmful substances adhering to the first filter 31.

[0055] If the emergency situation is considered to be a tsunami disaster, the open outside air inlet 11a is closed by the open / close cover 15. This makes it possible to prevent water from entering through the outside air inlet 11a.

[0056] However, if a large tsunami hits, the water level will be so high that the opening / closing cover 15 may be deformed due to the large water pressure applied to it. This deformation may lead to water seeping in between the opening / closing cover 15 and the outside air inlet 11a.

[0057] In this embodiment, the opening / closing cover 15 is made up of two pieces, so the pressure-receiving area can be set smaller than in the case of a single piece, making it less likely to deform and easier to ensure a predetermined strength. In addition, the opening / closing cover 15 is reinforced with sliding ribs, meaning it has a structure that is strong and less likely to deform, further reducing the possibility of water seepage.

[0058] After confirming that the water level has dropped, the outside air introduction hole 11a, which has been blocked by the opening / closing lid 15, can be opened, and depending on the situation, the person can escape from the shelter 100.

[0059] This embodiment is merely an example, and it goes without saying that modifications can be made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention. For example, although the operating unit 27 is a motor in this embodiment, it may be a jack. [Industrial Applicability]

[0060] By using the air intake device 1 of the present invention in the shelter 100, it can be used as a multi-purpose shelter for evacuation in the event of floods, tsunamis, nuclear disasters, or fires, and therefore has great industrial applicability. [Explanation of symbols]

[0061] 1: Air intake device for shelters 10: Fresh air intake valve 11: Outside air intake tube 11a: Outside air intake 12: Recess 15: Opening and closing lid 20: Opening and closing section 21: Synchronous moving part 22: Sliding rib 23: Stopper 27: Operating unit 30: Filter section 31: First filter 32: Second filter 40: Outlet 101: Inside the shelter D1: 1st direction OA: Outside air OP: Opening surface S: Screen section

Claims

1. An air intake device for a shelter for taking outside air into a shelter room, a plurality of outside air intake valves capable of taking in outside air; an opening / closing unit that opens and closes the plurality of outside air introduction valves; An air intake device for a shelter, comprising:

2. The air intake device for a shelter as described in claim 1, characterized in that the outside air intake valve has an outside air intake tube that defines an outside air intake hole for allowing outside air to flow in, and an opening / closing lid that opens and closes the outside air intake hole.

3. The air intake device for a shelter described in claim 2, characterized in that the opening and closing unit has a synchronous movement unit that connects to the multiple opening and closing lids and an operating unit that operates the synchronous movement unit, and the synchronous movement unit moves the opening and closing lids in synchronization, thereby opening and closing the multiple outside air intake holes simultaneously.

4. 4. The air intake device for a shelter according to claim 3, wherein the synchronized moving portion has a sliding rib that slides along a recess provided in the outside air introduction tube.

5. The air intake device for a shelter as described in claim 4, characterized in that one end of the sliding rib is connected to the opening / closing lid, and the other end is provided with a stopper that limits movement of the opening / closing lid in the direction of opening.

6. 6. The air intake device for a shelter according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of the sliding ribs and the recesses are provided at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the outside air introduction tube.

7. a filter unit capable of removing contaminants contained in the outside air that has passed through the outside air introduction valve; An outlet section for allowing the outside air that has passed through the filter section to flow into the shelter room, The air intake device for a shelter described in claim 1, characterized in that the filter section has a first filter extending along a first direction and a screen section having an opening surface that moves along the first direction, the first filter has the ability to remove harmful substances contained in the outside air, the opening surface is set in a shape that is contained within the area of ​​the first filter in a planar view, and the outside air passing through the first filter passes through the opening surface.

8. The air intake device for a shelter described in claim 7, characterized in that the filter section has a second filter arranged adjacent to the first filter and extending along the first direction, the second filter having the ability to remove dust contained in the outside air, the opening surface is set in a shape that is contained within the area of ​​the second filter in a planar view, and the outside air passing through the second filter passes through the opening surface.

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