Artificial knee joint

Abstract

A prosthetic knee system for implantation into a first knee joint of a patient, the knee joint having a condition, the prosthetic knee system including a tibial baseplate component, a femoral component having a femoral articular surface, and a tibial insert, the tibial insert including a tibial articular surface configured to articulate with the femoral articular surface, the tibial articular surface including a medial tibial compartment asymmetric with a lateral tibial compartment, the tibial articular surface shaped to cooperate with the femoral articular surface to match the kinematics of the first knee joint having the condition, the tibial articular surface also suitable for implantation into a second knee joint on a second side not having the condition.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE The present disclosure relates to surgical devices, systems, instruments, and methods. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to orthopaedic knee replacement surgical devices, instruments, systems, and methods. [Background technology]

[0002] There are several knee replacement options that can be implemented depending on the level of compromise of the natural knee anatomy. The knee anatomy complex includes the knee joint between the distal femur and the proximal tibia, and the surrounding anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments (ACL, PCL), as well as the medial and lateral collateral ligaments (MCL, LCL), which provide support and stability to the knee joint. When one or more ligaments are compromised, for example, by injury, disease, or aging, a prosthetic knee system or assembly may be implanted to replace the knee joint.

[0003] A typical knee prosthesis system includes a tibial fixation component, a tibial articulation component, and a femoral fixation component, which may be referred to as a tibial insert. A patient may experience various conditions in one or both knees that differ from the acceptable healthy knee. For example, a patient may have a right knee in a varus state, while another patient may have a right knee in a valgus state. Of course, other patients may have one or more varus and / or valgus conditions in the left knee or both knees. For such patients, implanting a conventional knee prosthesis may limit the tibiofemoral rotation of the knee joint during flexion. Or, implanting a conventional knee prosthesis may reduce the mediolateral stability of the knee joint during flexion.

[0004] Thus, such patients may need a knee prosthesis that facilitates tibiofemoral rotation during flexion of the patient's condition. Such patients may also need a knee prosthesis that provides increased mediolateral stability during flexion. The present disclosure addresses these needs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The various devices, systems and / or methods of this disclosure have been developed in response to the current state of the art, and in particular in response to problems and needs in the art that have not yet been fully solved by currently available technology.

[0006] One general aspect of the disclosure may include a knee prosthesis system for implantation into a first knee joint of a patient, the knee prosthesis system including a tibial baseplate component configured to be implanted into a tibia, the tibial baseplate component including an insert interface, a femoral component configured to be implanted into a femur, the femoral component including a femoral articular surface, and a tibial insert including a baseplate interface attachable to the insert interface of the tibial baseplate component, the tibial insert including a tibial articular surface configured to articulate with the femoral articular surface, the tibial articular surface including a medial tibial compartment and a lateral tibial compartment asymmetric with the medial tibial compartment, the tibial articular surface shaped to cooperate with the femoral articular surface to accommodate the kinematics of the first knee joint with the condition, and the tibial articular surface may be suitable for implantation into a second knee joint without the condition on a second side.

[0007] Implementations may include one or more of the following features: The knee prosthesis system may include a femoral component configured for a first side and a tibial insert configured for a second side of the patient. In certain embodiments, the first knee joint is a right knee joint of the patient and the second knee joint is a left knee joint of the patient, the tibial insert may be configured for the left knee joint and attached to an insert interface of the tibial baseplate component of the right knee joint, and another tibial insert may be configured for the right knee joint.

[0008] The tibial articular surface may facilitate tibiofemoral rotation within the tibial lateral compartment during flexion of the first knee joint, the condition of which is valgus knee. The tibial articular surface may adjust mediolateral stability during flexion of the first knee joint, the condition of which is varus knee. The tibial articular surface may increase constraint of the lateral collateral ligament of the first knee joint and decrease tension on the medial collateral ligament of the first knee joint.

[0009] The medial tibial compartment may include a medial perimeter, a medial high point, and a medial low point, and the lateral tibial compartment may include a lateral perimeter, a lateral high point, and a lateral low point.

[0010] The femoral articular surface may include a medial femoral compartment and a lateral femoral compartment, where the medial tibial compartment engages the lateral femoral compartment at a lateral retention point during flexion, and the lateral tibial compartment engages the medial femoral compartment at a medial retention point during flexion. The lateral retention point moves anteriorly and laterally, and the medial retention point moves posteriorly and laterally. In one embodiment, the medial femoral compartment and the lateral femoral compartment are symmetric. The tibial insert may include one of a cruciate retaining tibial insert, a constrained condylar tibial insert, a posterior stabilized tibial insert, and a medial-lateral asymmetric tibial insert, and the condition may include one of a varus condition and a valgus condition.

[0011] One general aspect of the disclosure can include a knee prosthesis system for implantation into a patient's knee joint, the knee prosthesis system including a tibial baseplate component configured to be implanted on the tibia, the tibial baseplate component including an insert interface, a femoral component configured to be implanted on the femur, the femoral component including a femoral articular surface, a right tibial insert attachable to the insert interface of the tibial baseplate component, the right tibial insert including a tibial articular surface configured to articulate with the femoral articular surface and rotate the tibia about a longitudinal axis through the medial tibial compartment of the right tibial insert during flexion or extension of the right knee joint, and a right tibial insert attachable to the insert interface of the tibial baseplate component. and a left tibial insert that may include a tibial articular surface configured to articulate with the femoral articular surface and rotate the tibia about a longitudinal axis passing through the medial tibial compartment of the left tibial insert during flexion or extension of the left tibial insert; a tibial articular surface of the right tibial insert shaped to cooperate with the femoral articular surface to alter the kinematics of a knee joint when the knee is a left knee joint; and a tibial articular surface of the left tibial insert shaped to cooperate with the femoral articular surface to alter the kinematics of a knee joint when the knee is a right knee joint.

[0012] The embodiment may include one or more of the following features: A knee prosthesis system, the knee joint being a right knee joint of a patient, the left tibial insert being attached to an insert joint of a tibial baseplate component of the right knee joint such that the left tibial insert constrains the femoral articular surface in the medial tibial compartment to alleviate the condition. The tibial articular surface may facilitate tibiofemoral rotation in the medial tibial compartment during flexion of the knee joint in a condition of stifle valgus. The tibial articular surface may adjust mediolateral stability during flexion of the knee joint in a condition of stifle varus. The tibial articular surface may increase the constraint of the lateral collateral ligament of the knee joint and decrease the tension on the medial collateral ligament of the knee joint. The medial tibial compartment may include a medial perimeter, a medial high point, and a medial low point, and each of the right tibial insert and the left tibial insert may include a lateral tibial compartment including a lateral perimeter, a lateral high point, and a lateral low point. The right tibial insert and the left tibial insert each include a tibial lateral compartment and a tibial medial compartment, and the femoral articular surface includes a femoral medial compartment and a femoral lateral compartment, and during flexion the tibial medial compartment engages with the femoral lateral compartment at a lateral retention point, and during flexion the tibial lateral compartment engages with the femoral medial compartment at a medial retention point.

[0013] One general aspect of the disclosure may include a method for adapting kinematics of a knee joint with a condition, which may include determining that a condition is present in the knee joint, implanting a femoral component on the femur, the femoral component including a femoral articular surface, implanting a tibial baseplate component on the tibia, the tibial baseplate component including an insert interface, selecting a tibial insert configured on a second side based on the condition, the tibial insert including a baseplate interface attachable to the insert interface of the tibial baseplate component, the tibial insert configured to articulate with the femoral articular surface to adapt the kinematics of the knee joint, and connecting the selected tibial insert to the tibial baseplate to adapt the kinematics of the knee joint based on the condition.

[0014] Implementations may include one or more of the following features: The method, wherein the condition of the knee joint may include one of a varus condition, a valgus condition, and a balanced condition.

[0015] One general aspect of the disclosure may include a knee prosthesis system for implantation into a patient's knee joint, the knee prosthesis system including a femoral component configured to be implanted into the femur, the femoral component including a femoral articular surface, a right tibial component attachable to the tibia, the right tibial component including a tibial articular surface configured to articulate with the femoral articular surface during flexion or extension of the right knee joint and rotate the tibia about a longitudinal axis passing through the medial compartment of the tibia of the right tibial component, and a left tibial component attachable to the tibia, the left tibial component including a tibial articular surface configured to articulate with the femoral articular surface during flexion or extension of the left knee joint and rotate the tibia about a longitudinal axis passing through the medial compartment of the tibia of the right tibial component. The knee joint may include a left tibial component including a tibial articular surface configured to rotate the tibia about a longitudinal axis passing through the medial compartment of the tibia, and if the knee joint includes a left knee joint, a tibial articular surface of the right tibial component shaped to cooperate with the femoral articular surface to change the kinematics of the knee joint where the condition is present, and if the knee joint includes a right knee joint, a tibial articular surface of the left tibial component shaped to cooperate with the femoral articular surface to change the kinematics of the knee joint where the condition is present. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0016] The advantages, nature and additional features of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will become more fully apparent from the following description and the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: With the understanding that these drawings depict only exemplary embodiments and therefore should not be considered limiting of the scope of the present disclosure, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings. [Figure 1A]FIG. 1A is a perspective rear view of an assembly of the present disclosure including a posterior stabilized femoral component and a tibial insert joined in an expanded state. [Figure 1B] FIG. 1B is a front perspective view of the assembly of FIG. 1A in a bent state. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the assembly of FIG. 1A. [Figure 3A] FIG. 3A is a posterior view of the tibial insert of FIG. 1A. [Figure 3B] FIG. 3B is an anterior view of the tibial insert of FIG. 1A. [Figure 3C] FIG. 3C is a superior view of the tibial insert of FIG. 1A. [Figure 3D] 3D is a medial side view of the tibial insert of FIG. 1A. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a top view of the assembly of FIG. 1A. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is a top-down cross-sectional view of the assembly of FIG. 1A taken along line BB in FIG. [Figure 6] 6 is a rear cross-sectional view of the assembly of FIG. 1A taken along line AA of FIG. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a top-down cross-sectional view of the assembly of FIG. 1B taken along line CC in FIG. [Figure 8] 8 is a rear cross-sectional view of the assembly of FIG. 1B taken along line DD in FIG. [Figure 9] 9 is a rear perspective view of an assembly of the present disclosure including the tibial insert of FIG. 1A coupled in an expanded state with a cruciate-retaining femoral component. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is an exploded rear perspective view of the assembly of FIG. [Figure 11A] FIG. 11A is a rear perspective view of another tibial insert of the present disclosure. [Figure 11B] FIG. 11B is a top view of the tibial insert of FIG. 11A. [Figure 11C] FIG. 11C is a rear view of the tibial insert of FIG. 11A. [Figure 11D]FIG. 11D is a front view of the tibial insert of FIG. 11A. [Figure 11E] FIG. 11E is a bottom view of the tibial insert of FIG. 11A. [Figure 12A] FIG. 12A is a rear perspective view of another tibial insert of the present disclosure. [Figure 12B] FIG. 12B is a top view of the tibial insert of FIG. 12A. [Figure 12C] FIG. 12C is a bottom view of the tibial insert of FIG. 12A. [Figure 12D] FIG. 12D is a rear view of the tibial insert of FIG. 12A. [Figure 12E] FIG. 12E is a front view of the tibial insert of FIG. 12A. [Figure 12F] FIG. 12F is a medial side view of the tibial insert of FIG. 12A. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 is a table illustrating the compatibility of the tibial inserts disclosed herein with various femoral components. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 is an exploded rear view of another assembly of the present disclosure including a posterior stabilized femoral component and a posterior stabilized tibial insert. [Figure 15] FIG. 15 is another exploded rear view of the assembly of FIG. [Figure 16A] FIG. 16A is a posterior view of the tibial insert of FIG. 14A. [Figure 16B] FIG. 16B is an anterior view of the tibial insert of FIG. 14A. [Figure 16C] FIG. 16C is a superior view of the tibial insert of FIG. 14A. [Figure 16D] FIG. 16D is a medial view of the tibial insert of FIG. 14A. [Figure 17] 17 is an exploded rear view of another assembly of the present disclosure including a cruciate-retaining femoral component with a keel and the posterior stabilized tibial insert of FIG. 14 . [Figure 18] FIG. 18 is another exploded rear view of the assembly of FIG. [Figure 19]19 is an exploded rear view of another assembly of the present disclosure including a keel-less cruciate-retaining femoral component and the posterior stabilized tibial insert of FIG. 14 . [Figure 20] FIG. 20 is another exploded rear view of the assembly of FIG. [Figure 21A] FIG. 21A is a rear perspective view of another tibial insert of the present disclosure. [Figure 21B] FIG. 21B is a top view of the tibial insert of FIG. 21A. [Figure 21C] FIG. 21C is a rear view of the tibial insert of FIG. 21A. [Figure 21D] FIG. 21D is a front view of the tibial insert of FIG. 21A. [Figure 21E] FIG. 21E is a bottom view of the tibial insert of FIG. 21A. [Figure 22A] FIG. 22A is a rear perspective view of another tibial insert of the present disclosure. [Figure 22B] FIG. 22B is a top view of the tibial insert of FIG. 22A. [Figure 22C] FIG. 22C is a bottom view of the tibial insert of FIG. 22A. [Figure 22D] FIG. 22D is a rear view of the tibial insert of FIG. 22A. [Figure 22E] FIG. 22E is a front view of the tibial insert of FIG. 22A. [Figure 22F] FIG. 22F is a medial side view of the tibial insert of FIG. 12A. [Figure 23A] FIG. 23A is a front perspective view of the femoral component of FIG. 14 coupled to one or more augments of the present disclosure. [Figure 23B] FIG. 23B is a medial side view of the femoral component of FIG. 23A. [Figure 24A] FIG. 24A is a posterior exploded view of a prosthetic knee assembly with an asymmetric tibial insert. [Figure 24B] FIG. 24B is a posterior view of the asymmetric tibial insert of FIG. 24A. [Figure 24C]24C is a front view of the asymmetric tibial insert of FIG. 24A. [Figure 24D] FIG. 24D is a side view of the asymmetric tibial insert of FIG. 24A. [Figure 24E] FIG. 24E is a medial view of the asymmetric tibial insert of FIG. 24A. [Figure 24F] FIG. 24F is a front perspective view of the asymmetric tibial insert of FIG. 24A. [Figure 25A] FIG. 25A is a posterior perspective view of the prosthetic knee assembly in 0 degrees flexion. [Figure 25B] FIG. 25B is a posterior perspective view of the prosthetic knee assembly of FIG. 25A shown in a medial-lateral cross section. [Figure 25C] FIG. 25C is a posterior view of the prosthetic knee assembly of FIG. 25B. [Figure 25D] FIG. 25D is a lateral side view of the prosthetic knee assembly of FIG. 25A, showing an anterior-posterior cross section through the lateral articular surface. [Figure 25E] FIG. 25E is a medial side view of the prosthetic knee assembly of FIG. 25A with an anterior-posterior section through the medial articular surface depicted. [Figure 26A] FIG. 26A is a posterior perspective view of a prosthetic knee assembly in 45 degrees flexion. [Figure 26B] FIG. 26B is a posterior perspective view of the prosthetic knee assembly of FIG. 26A with a medial-lateral cross section shown. [Figure 26C] FIG. 26C is a posterior view of the prosthetic knee assembly of FIG. 26B. [Figure 26D] FIG. 26D is a lateral view of the prosthetic knee assembly of FIG. 26A with an anterior-posterior cross section through the lateral articular surface depicted. [Figure 26E] FIG. 26E is a medial view of the prosthetic knee assembly of FIG. 26A with an anterior-posterior cross section through the medial articular surface depicted. [Figure 27A] FIG. 27A is a posterior perspective view of the prosthetic knee assembly in 90 degrees flexion. [Figure 27B] FIG. 27B is a posterior perspective view of the prosthetic knee assembly of FIG. 27A with a medial-lateral cross section depicted. [Figure 27C] FIG. 27C is a posterior view of the prosthetic knee assembly of FIG. 27B. [Figure 27D] FIG. 27D is a lateral side view of the prosthetic knee assembly of FIG. 27A with an anterior-posterior cross section through the lateral articular surface depicted. [Figure 27E] FIG. 27E is a medial side view of the prosthetic knee assembly of FIG. 27A with an anterior-posterior cross section through the medial articular surface. [Figure 28A] FIG. 28A is a posterior exploded view of a prosthetic knee assembly with an asymmetric tibial insert. [Figure 28B] FIG. 28B is a posterior view of the asymmetric tibial insert of FIG. 28A. [Figure 28C] FIG. 28C is a front view of the asymmetric tibial insert of FIG. 28A. [Figure 28D] FIG. 28D is a lateral side view of the asymmetric tibial insert of FIG. 28A. [Figure 28E] FIG. 28E is a medial side view of the asymmetric tibial insert of FIG. 28A. [Figure 28F] FIG. 28F is a front perspective view of the asymmetric tibial insert of FIG. 28A. [Figure 29] FIG. 29 is a front perspective view of a prosthetic knee system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 30] FIG. 30 is a front perspective view of a prosthetic knee system according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 31] FIG. 31 is a front perspective view of a prosthetic knee system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 32] FIG. 32 is a front perspective view of a prosthetic knee system according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 33A] FIG. 33A is a top view of a right tibial insert according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 33B] FIG. 33B is a top view of a left tibial insert according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 34] FIG. 34 is a front perspective view of a prosthetic knee system according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. [Diagram 35]FIG. 35 is a flowchart of one exemplary method for adapting the kinematics of a conditional knee joint.

[0017] It should be understood that the drawings are for purposes of illustrating the concepts of the disclosure and may not be to scale. Moreover, the drawings depict illustrative embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0018] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are best understood by reference to the drawings, in which like parts are designated with like numerals throughout. It will be readily understood that the components of the present disclosure, as generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, could be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following more detailed description of the embodiments of devices, apparatus, systems and methods, as represented in the figures, are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure as claimed, but merely represent exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0019] Standard standards of medicine for referential and descriptive terminology are used herein. These terms are used generally to refer to the human body, although the specific terms may be applied to physical objects in general. A standard system of three mutually perpendicular reference planes is used. The sagittal plane divides the body into left and right portions. The coronal plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions. The transverse plane divides the body into upper and lower portions. The midsagittal, midcoronal, or midtransverse planes may divide the body into equal portions and may be bilaterally symmetrical.

[0020] The intersection of the sagittal and coronal planes defines the superior-inferior or cranio-caudal axis. The intersection of the sagittal and transverse planes defines the anterior-posterior axis. The intersection of the coronal and transverse planes defines medial-lateral. The superior-inferior or cranio-caudal axis, the anterior-posterior axis, and the medial-lateral axis are mutually perpendicular. Anterior means toward the front of the body.

[0021] Posterior means toward the back of the body. Superior or cephalic means toward the head. Under or caudal means toward the feet or tail. Medial means toward the midline of the body, especially toward the plane of symmetry of the body. Lateral means away from the midline of the body or away from the plane of symmetry of the body. Axial means toward the central axis of the body. Dorsal means away from the central axis of the body. Ipsilateral means the same side in relation to the body. Contralateral means the opposite side in relation to the body. Proximal means toward the trunk. Proximal can also mean toward the user or operator. Distal means away from the trunk. Distal can also mean away from the user or operator. Dorsal means toward the top of the foot. Plantar means toward the bottom of the foot. Anterior means moving forward or in a forward direction from a proximal to a distal arrangement / position. Retrograde means moving backwards or in a posterior direction from a distal placement / location to a proximal placement / location. Sagittal refers to the midline of the patient's anatomy, which divides the body into a left or right half. The sagittal plane can be in the center of the body, dividing the body into two halves.

[0022] As used herein, "deploy" or "deployment" refers to an act, operation, process, system, method, means, or device for inserting an implant or prosthetic device into a body part, body portion, and / or patient. "Deploy" or "deployment" can also refer to an act, operation, process, system, method, means, or device for making something available for therapeutic purposes. The device, system, component, agent, drug, compound, or nutrient may be deployed by a human operator, a mechanical device, an automated system, a computer system or program, a robotic system, etc.

[0023] As used herein, "implant" refers to a medical device manufactured to replace missing biological structures, support damaged biological structures, or reinforce existing biological structures. Medical implants are artificial devices. The surface of the implant that contacts the body may be made of or include biomedical materials, such as titanium, stainless steel, carbon fiber, another metal alloy, silicone, or apatite, or any combination of these depending on what is most functional. In some cases, implants include electronic devices, such as artificial pacemakers or cochlear implants. Some implants are bioactive, such as subcutaneous drug delivery devices in the form of implantable tablets or drug-eluting stents. Orthopedic implants may be used to alleviate bone and / or joint problems in the patient's body. Orthopedic implants are used to treat bone fractures, osteoarthritis, scoliosis, spinal stenosis, and chronic pain. Examples of orthopedic implants include, but are not limited to, various pins, rods, screws, anchors, and plates used to fix fractured bones while the bones heal or fuse together. (Search for “implant(medical)” on Wikipedia.com. May 26, 2021. CC-BY-SA3.0. Revised. Accessed June 30, 2021) Disclosed herein are devices, systems, and methods for implanting into a patient's knee joint having a condition such as varus or valgus. In one embodiment, the system uses a tibial insert and / or tibial component configured for a second knee on the opposite side of the knee joint undergoing arthroplasty. By using a tibial insert and / or tibial component designed for the opposite knee, the condition of the knee joint is improved.

[0024] 1A-2, an assembly 10 for an implantable knee prosthesis is shown, including a femoral component 14 and a tibial insert 12. As used herein, "alternative" describes a feature, aspect, component, function, attribute, structure, or part that connects, couples, interacts, intermoves with, or is otherwise associated with, a human or animal femur. As used herein, "insert" refers to a device, instrument, structure, device, component, system, or assembly that is structured, organized, configured, operated, positioned, or designed to insert or deploy one or more other components, parts, or devices. In certain embodiments, the insert is configured to be inserted or deployed between two or more other components or structures. The femoral component 14 and the tibial insert 12 are coupled in an extension state as shown in FIG. 1A and in a flexed state as shown in FIG. 1B, and are shown in an exploded view in FIG. 2. The tibial insert 12 may further be coupled to a tibial baseplate component (see FIG. 24A ), which may be implanted into a patient's prepared tibia (not shown). The femoral component 14 and tibial insert 12 shown in FIGS. 1A-2 are right-sided femoral and tibial insert components. In certain embodiments, the left-sided femoral and tibial insert components may be mirror images of the right-sided femoral and tibial insert components shown in FIGS. 1A-2. The femoral component 14 may also be referred to as a posterior stabilized femoral component 14 (or a “PS femoral component”), and the tibial insert 12 may also be referred to as a posterior stabilized tibial insert (or a “PS insert”).

[0025] 3A-3D show the PS insert 12 of Figures 1A-2 in isolation. The PS insert 12 can include a lower, fixation side 20 opposed to an upper, articular side 22. The articular side 22 can include a medial tibial compartment 24 having a medial articular condyle 25 and a lateral tibial compartment 26 having a lateral articular condyle 27.

[0026] As used herein, "tibia" describes a feature, aspect, component, function, attribute, structure, or portion that connects to, joins, interacts with, intermoves with, or is otherwise associated with the tibia of a human or animal. As used herein, "compartment" refers to a section, chamber, portion, or area, or one of a set of portions into which an area may be subdivided. (Search for "compatment" at wordhippo.com. WordHippo, 2021. Web. Retrieved December 8, 2021. Revised.) The central portion 28 may separate the medial tibial compartment 24 from the lateral tibial compartment 26. The post 30 may project upward from the central portion 28 and extend from a post base 38 to a post top or post end 40. From an anterior (shown in FIG. 3B ) and / or posterior (shown in FIG. 3A ) perspective, the post 30 may have a maximum medial-lateral or horizontal width toward the post top 40 of the post 30 and a minimum medial-lateral or horizontal width toward the post base 38 of the post 30. The post 30 may also be symmetrical when viewed from the anterior and / or posterior. A recess 45 may be formed posterior to the central portion 28 between the medial tibial compartment 24 and the lateral tibial compartment 26 to provide space for the posterior cruciate ligament (not shown). The PS insert 12 may further include an insert base 46, which may further include an engagement feature 48 for engaging with a tibial baseplate component.

[0027] 1A-3D , the column 30 can have an articular surface 31 extending around the column 30 on the medial, posterior, lateral, and anterior aspects of the column 30. As used herein, "articulation" refers to a joint or junction between bones or cartilage in a vertebrate skeleton. In certain embodiments, "articulation" can also refer to the action or manner of joining or interrelating, or the state of joining or interrelating (Search "articulation" at erriam-Webster.com. Webster, 2021 Web. Revised November 15, 2021). The articular surface 31 may include a medial articular surface 32, a lateral articular surface 34, an anterior column surface 36, and a posterior articular surface 42. The medial articular surface 32 and the lateral articular surface 34 may be non-parallel to each other and taper inwardly from the column top end 40 to the column base 38 relative to the insert midline vertical axis 2, as shown in Figures 3A and 3B. As shown in Figure 3A, the angle θ between the vertical axis 2 and each tapered surface 32, 34 may be about 6.5 degrees in at least one embodiment. Since the column 30 may be bilaterally symmetrical, the angle θ may be the same for both the medial articular surface 32 and the lateral articular surface 34 of the column 30. In other embodiments of the present disclosure, the angle θ may range from about 6 degrees to 11 degrees. The medial articular surface 32 may be continuous with the medial condylar articular surface 25, and the lateral articular surface 34 may be continuous with the lateral condylar articular surface 27, as can be further seen in cross-section in Figures 6 and 8. The anterior cylinder surface 36 may extend between the medial articular surface 32 and the lateral articular surface 34 and may be convexly rounded. The anterior cylinder surface 36 may also taper outwardly relative to the midline vertical axis 2 from the post end 40 to the post base 38, as best seen in FIG. 3D. In other embodiments of the PS insert 12, the anterior cylinder surface 36 may include less tapered or no tapered morphology.

[0028] 3C, the boundary of the post upper end 40, when viewed from above, defines a rounded edge 44 shaped as a portion of a circle defined by a circular envelope 47. The post upper end 40 and edge 44 may be crescent shaped with a recess toward the posterior end of the post 30, as shown, to allow the posterior cruciate ligament to pass through. The post upper end 40 may be circular and the edge 44 may increase the rotational range of motion and surface contact with the femoral component 14, as compared to a conventional post having a rather square or rectangular shape and no edges. Thus, the rounded post upper end 40 and edge 44 may allow surface contact with the femoral component 14, as opposed to merely point or edge contact achieved by a conventional post without these features.

[0029] The PS femoral component 14 depicted in FIGS. 1-8 may include a cam element or cam bar 50 and a box structure 52 to provide posterior stabilization in lieu of a ligament. The cam bar 50 may include a cam articular surface 51 that may contact the posterior articular surface 42 of the post 30 during flexion, as shown in FIGS. 1B and 7. An internal articular surface 54 resides on the medial side of the box structure 52 and may contact the post 30 during knee joint articulation and rotation. The internal articular surface 54 may be concavely curved and may contact the edge 44 of the post 30 during axial rotation of the knee joint about the post. The PS femoral component 14 may further include a medial condyle 60 having a medial condyle articular surface 62 and a lateral condyle 64 having a lateral condyle articular surface 66. The medial articular surface 62 and the lateral articular surface 66 may articulate against the medial articular surface 25 and the lateral articular surface 27 of the PS insert 12, respectively. A cavity 68 may be formed between the medial condyle 60 and the lateral condyle 64, with the cam bar 50 extending medially-laterally across the cavity 68. The internal articular surface 54 may include a medial portion 70 continuous with a lateral portion 72. In the embodiment shown, a fixation post 74 may protrude superiorly from the PS femoral component 14. However, in other embodiments of the PS femoral component 14, the fixation post 74 may be absent and / or other fixation means, such as posts, nails, pegs, webs, keels, or dentitions, may secure the PS femoral component 14 to a prepared femur (not shown).

[0030] 9 and 10, another embodiment of the assembly 110 of the present disclosure may include the PS insert 12 of FIGS. 1-8 coupled with a cruciate-retaining femoral component 114 (or "CR femoral component"). The CR femoral component 114 may include medial and lateral condyles 160, 164 with a void 168 formed therebetween. There may be no cam bar or box present for the CR femoral component 114. The medial and lateral condyles 160, 164 may include an internal articular surface 154 with medial and lateral condyle articular surfaces 162, 166 and medial and lateral articular surfaces 170, 172.

[0031] The medial and lateral articular surfaces 32, 34 of the post 30 may be tapered to allow for natural articulation of the PS insert 12 with the CR femoral component 114 that may not be achievable if the post 30 is not tapered. For example, if the post 30 had straight sides instead of tapered sides, the wider width of the post 30 at its base would interfere with the internal articular surfaces 170, 172 of the medial and lateral condyles 160, 164. When the PS femoral component 14 is joined with the PS insert 12 to form the assembly 10, as in FIGS. 1A and 4, the circular shape of the post upper end 40 in combination with the tapered medial and lateral articular surfaces 32, 34 of the post 30 may allow the PS femoral component 14 to articulate against the PS insert 12 in the manner of a posterior stabilized femoral component. However, when the PS insert 12 is mated and implanted with a CR femoral component 114, the resulting assembly 110 can provide the natural articulation and rotation of a cruciate-retaining implant.

[0032] 11A-11E, an alternative embodiment of a tibial insert 212 is shown. The tibial insert 212 may be referred to as a cruciate-retaining tibial insert 212 (or "CR insert"). In the disclosed system, the CR insert 212 may be implanted with a CR femoral component 114 and a tibial baseplate component (not shown) to form a cruciate-retaining prosthetic knee system. The CR insert 112 may include a lower fixation side 220 opposed to an upper articular side 222. The articular side 222 may include a tibial medial compartment 224 having a medial condylar articular surface 225 and a tibial lateral compartment 226 having a lateral condylar articular surface 227. A central portion 228 may separate the tibial medial compartment 224 from the tibial lateral compartment 226. A recess 245 may be formed posterior to the central portion 228 between the tibial medial compartment 224 and the tibial lateral compartment 226 to provide space for the posterior cruciate ligament. The CR insert 212 may further include an insert base 246 and an engagement feature 248 for engaging with a tibial baseplate component. The CR insert 212 may be coupled with the CR femoral component 114 to form a cruciate-retaining assembly. This assembly may be implanted with an appropriate tibial baseplate as a cruciate-retaining knee prosthesis. The CR insert 212 may also be coupled with the PS femoral component 14 to be implanted with an appropriate tibial baseplate.

[0033] 12A-12F, another alternative embodiment of a tibial insert 312 is shown. The tibial insert 312 may be referred to as a constrained condylar knee (CCK) tibial insert 312 (or “CCK insert”). The CCK insert 312 may include a lower, fixed side 320 opposing an upper, articular side 322. The articular side 322 may include a medial tibial compartment 324 having a medial condylar articular surface 325 and a lateral tibial compartment 326 having a lateral condylar articular surface 327. A central portion 328 may separate the medial tibial compartment 324 from the lateral tibial compartment 326. A post 330 may project upwardly from the central portion 328 and extend from a post base 338 to an upper portion, or post top 340. 12E and posteriorly as shown in FIG. 12D, the post 330 may have its maximum medial-lateral or horizontal width at the top end 340 of the post 330 and its minimum medial-lateral or horizontal width at the post base 338 of the post 330. The post 330 may be symmetrical in the anterior and posterior views. The CCK insert 312 may further include an insert base 346 and an engagement feature 348 for engaging with a tibial tray (not shown).

[0034] The post 330 may have an articular surface 331 extending around the post 330 on the medial, posterior, lateral, and anterior sides of the post 330. The articular surface 331 may include a medial articular surface 332, a lateral articular surface 334, an anterior column surface 336, and a posterior articular surface 342. The medial and lateral articular surfaces 332, 334 may taper slightly inwardly from the column top 340 to the column base 338 of the post 330 with respect to the midline vertical axis 2 of the insert. However, some embodiments of the CCK insert 312 may not include a taper of the medial and lateral articular surfaces 332, 334. The medial articular surface 332 may be continuous with the medial condylar articular surface 325, and the lateral articular surface 334 may be continuous with the lateral condylar articular surface 327. The anterior column surface 336 extends between the medial surface 332 and the lateral surface 334 and may be convexly rounded. The anterior column surface 336 may taper outwardly from the column top 340 to the column base 338 relative to the midline axis 2, as best seen in FIG. 12F. In other embodiments of the CCK insert 312, the anterior column surface 336 may include a smaller taper, a larger taper, and / or no taper. The columns 330 of the CCK insert 312 may be wider and have a larger diameter than the columns 30 of the PS insert 12, for example, to provide increased stability in the event of removal of the collateral ligament.

[0035] 12B, the boundary of the post top 340, when viewed from above, may define a rounded edge 344 shaped as a portion of a circle. The post top 340 and edge 344 may be semicircular as shown, but the edge 344 may also define a circular envelope 347. The post top 340 is circular and the edge 344 may provide increased surface contact and rotational range of motion when mated and implanted with a PS femoral component 14, as compared to a conventionally shaped post with a rather square or rectangular post. Thus, the rounded post top 340 and edge 344 may provide surface contact with the femoral component 14, as opposed to merely point or edge contact achieved by conventional posts lacking these features. The CCK insert 312 may be mated with the PS femoral component 14 to form a constrained condylar knee assembly, which may be implanted with an appropriate tibial baseplate as a constrained condylar knee prosthesis. The CCK insert 312 can also be combined with the CR femoral component 114 and implanted with an appropriate tibial baseplate. Thus, all of the tibial inserts 12, 212, and 312 disclosed herein are interchangeable between both the CR femoral component 114 and the PS femoral component 14. Figure 13 is a table showing potential combinations of components.

[0036] The tibial insert 12, 212, 312, PS femoral component 14, and CR femoral component 114 may be grouped together as a modular knee replacement system and provided as a kit in one or more packages, in one non-limiting example. Another kit may include the CR femoral component 114, the PS insert 12, and the CR insert 212 in one or more packages, in another non-limiting example. Yet another kit may include the PS femoral component 14, the PS insert 12, the CR insert 212, and the CCK insert 312 in one or more packages, in yet another non-limiting example. However, it will be understood that other kit embodiments may utilize any of the tibial inserts and / or femoral components described herein in any number or combination in one or more packages. Additionally, any of the kits described herein may include other components, such as a suitable tibial baseplate component, patella component, etc., in one or more packages. It is also understood that any of the tibial inserts disclosed herein may be formed from vitamin E polyethylene, highly cross-linked polyethylene, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), or any other suitable material.

[0037] 14 and 15, another assembly 1010 of the present disclosure for an implantable knee prosthesis is shown in various exploded rear views. The assembly 1010 may include a femoral component 1014 and a tibial insert 1012. The tibial insert 1012 may be further coupled to a tibial baseplate component (not shown) that may be implanted into a prepared patient's tibia (not shown). The femoral component 1014 and tibial insert 1012 shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 are right femoral and tibial insert components. The left femoral and tibial insert components are mirror images of the right femoral and tibial insert components shown in FIGS. 14 and 15. The femoral component 1014 may also be referred to as a posterior stabilized femoral component 1014 (or a "PS femoral component"), and the tibial insert 1012 may also be referred to as a posterior stabilized tibial insert (or a "PS insert").

[0038] 16A-16D show the PS insert 1012 of FIGS. 15 and 14 in isolation. The PS insert 1012 may include a possible lower fixation side 1020 opposite a possible upper articular side 1022. The articular side 1022 may include a medial tibial compartment 1024 having a medial condylar articular surface 1025 and a lateral tibial compartment 1026 having a lateral condylar articular surface 1027. A central portion 1028 may separate the medial tibial compartment 1024 from the lateral tibial compartment 1026. A post 1030 may project upwardly from the central portion 1028 and extend from a post base 1038 to a post upper portion 1040 to the post upper end. In an anterior (shown in FIG. 16B) and / or posterior (shown in FIG. 16A) view, the post 1030 may have its greatest medial-lateral or horizontal width toward the top end 1040 of the post 1030 and its smallest medial-lateral or horizontal width toward the base 1038 of the post 1030. The post 1030 may also be symmetrical in an anterior and / or posterior view. A recess 1045 may be formed between the medial tibial compartment 1024 and the lateral tibial compartment 1026 posterior to the central portion 1028 to provide space for the posterior cruciate ligament (not shown). The PS insert 1012 may further include an insert base 1046, which may further include an engagement feature 1048 for engaging with a tibial baseplate component.

[0039] With continued reference to FIGS. 14-16D, the post 1030 can have an articular surface 1031 extending around the post 1030 on the medial, posterior, lateral, and anterior aspects of the post 1030. The articular surface 1031 can include a medial articular surface 1032, a lateral articular surface 1034, an anterior column surface 1036, and a posterior articular surface 1042. The medial articular surface 1032 and the lateral articular surface 1034 can be non-parallel to one another and taper inwardly from the post top 1040 to the post base 1038 with respect to the midline vertical axis 1002 of the insert, as shown in FIGS. 16A and 16B. As shown in FIG. 16A, the angle θ between the vertical axis 1002 and each tapered surface 1032, 1034 can be about 6.5 degrees in at least one embodiment. The post 1030 may be symmetrical such that the angle θ is the same on both the medial and lateral surfaces 1032, 1034 of the post 1030. In other embodiments of the present disclosure, the angle θ may range from about 6 degrees to 11 degrees. The medial articular surface 1032 may be continuous with the medial condylar articular surface 1025, and the lateral articular surface 1034 may be continuous with the lateral condylar articular surface 1027. The anterior cylinder surface 1036 extends between the medial surface 1032 and the lateral surface 1034 and may be convexly rounded. The anterior cylinder surface 1036 may also taper outwardly from the post top 1040 to the post base 38 with respect to the midline vertical axis 1002, as best seen in FIG. 16D. In other embodiments of the PS insert 1012, the anterior cylinder surface 1036 may include a smaller taper, a larger taper, and / or no taper. The medial-lateral axis of the midline 1004 and the anterior-posterior axis of the midline 1006 are also shown.

[0040] 16C, the boundary of the upper end 1040, when viewed from above, defines a rounded edge 1044 shaped as a portion of a circle defined by a circular envelope 1047. The upper end 1040 and edge 1044 may have a convex projection 1041 toward the posterior end of the post 1030 as shown, allowing for passage of the posterior cruciate ligament. The circular upper end 1040 with edge 1044 may increase the rotational range of motion and surface contact with the femoral component 1014 as compared to a conventional post without an edge, having a rather square or rectangular shape. Thus, the rounded upper end 1040 and edge 1044 may allow for greater surface contact with the femoral component 1014, as opposed to merely point or edge contact achieved by a conventional post without these features.

[0041] The PS femoral component 14 depicted in FIGS. 14-15 may include a fixation augmentation opening 1080, an impact driver opening 1090, a cam element or cam bar 1050, and a box structure 1052 to provide posterior stabilization in lieu of ligaments. The cam bar 1050 may include a cam articular surface 1051 that may contact the posterior articular surface 1042 of the post 1030 during flexion. An internal articular surface 1054 resides on the inside of the box structure 1052 and may contact the post 1030 during knee joint articulation and rotation. The internal articular surface 1054 may be concavely curved and contact the edge 1044 of the post 1030 as the knee joint pivots about the post 1030. The PS femoral component 1014 may further include a medial condyle 1060 having a medial condylar articular surface 1062 and a lateral condyle 1064 having a lateral condylar articular surface 1066. The medial condylar articular surface 1062 and the lateral condylar articular surface 1066 can articulate against the medial articular surface 1025 and the lateral articular surface 1027 of the PS insert 1012, respectively. A cavity 1068 is formed between the medial condyle 1060 and the lateral condyle 1064, and the cam bar 1050 extends medially-laterally across the cavity 1068. The internal articular surface 1054 can include a medial portion 1070 that is continuous with a lateral portion 1072. In the embodiment shown, a fixation post 1074 can project upwardly from the PS femoral component 1014. However, in other embodiments of the PS femoral component 1014, the fixation post 1074 can be absent and / or other fixation mechanisms, such as posts, spikes, pegs, webs, keels, or teeth, can be present to secure the PS femoral component 1014 to a prepared femur (not shown).

[0042] 17 and 18, another embodiment of the assembly 1110 of the present disclosure may include the PS insert 1012 of FIGS. 14-16D coupled with a cruciate-retaining femoral component 1114 (or "CR femoral component"). The CR femoral component 1114 may include a keel 1120, a fixation member 1130, an impact driver opening 1190, and medial and lateral condyles 1160 and 1164 with a void 1168 formed therebetween. The CR femoral component 1114 may also include a configuration in which the cam bar or box is absent. The condyles 1160, 1164 may include an internal articular surface 1154 with medial and lateral condyle articular surfaces 1162, 1166 and medial and lateral portions 1170, 1172.

[0043] The tapered sides 1032, 1034 of the post 1030 may allow for natural articulation between the PS insert 1012 and the CR femoral component 1114 that may not be achieved if the post 1030 is not tapered. For example, if the post 1030 had straight sides instead of tapered sides, the wider width of the post 1030 at its base may interfere with the internal articular surfaces 1170, 1172 of the condyles 1160, 1164. When the PS femoral component 1014 is joined with the PS insert 1012 to form the assembly 1010, as in FIGS. 14 and 15 , the circular shape of the post top 1040 in combination with the tapered inner and outer sides 1032, 1034 of the post 1030 may allow the PS femoral component 1014 to articulate against the PS insert 1012 in the manner of a posterior stabilized femoral component. However, when the PS insert 1012 is implanted in mating relation with the CR femoral component 1114, the resulting assembly 1110 may provide for natural articulation and rotation of the cruciate-retaining implant.

[0044] 19 and 20, another embodiment of the assembly 2110 of the present disclosure may include the PS insert 12 of FIGS. 14-16D coupled with a cruciate-retaining femoral component 2114 (or "CR femoral component"). The CR femoral component 2114 may not include a keel, in contrast to the CR femoral component 1114 shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, and may be configured for cemented and / or cementless fixation to the femur. The CR femoral component 2114 may include a fixation member 2130, an impact driver opening 2190, and condyles 2160, 2164 having a void 2168 formed therebetween. The CR femoral component 1114 may also be in a form in which a cam bar or box is not present. The condyles 2160, 2164 may include medial and lateral condylar articular surfaces 2162, 2166 and an internal articular surface 2154 having medial and lateral portions 2170, 2172.

[0045] The tapered sides 1032, 1034 of the post 1030 allow for natural articulation between the PC insert 1012 and the CR femoral component 2114, which may not be achieved if the post 1030 is not tapered. For example, if the post 1030 had straight sides instead of tapered sides, the wider width of the post 1030 at its base 1038 may interfere with the medial portion 2170 and lateral portion 2172 of the internal articular surface 2154 of the condyles 2160, 2164. When the PS femoral component 1014 is combined with the PS insert 1012 to form the assembly 1010, the circular shape of the post upper end 1040 in combination with the tapered medial and lateral surfaces 1032, 1034 of the post 1030 may enable the PS femoral component 1014 to articulate against the PS insert 1012 in the manner of a posterior stabilized femoral component, as shown in Figures 14 and 15. However, when the PS insert 1012 is implanted in mating with a CR femoral component 2114, the resulting assembly 2110 may provide for the natural articulation and rotation of a cruciate-retaining implant.

[0046] 21A-21E, an alternative embodiment of a tibial insert 1212 is shown. The tibial insert 1212 may be referred to as a cruciate-retaining tibial insert 1212 (or "CR insert"). In the disclosed system, the CR insert 1212 may be implanted with a CR femoral component 114, 1114, 2114 and a tibial baseplate component (not shown) to form a cruciate-retaining prosthetic knee system. The CR insert 1212 may include a lower, fixed side 1220 opposite an upper, articular side 1222. The articular side 1222 may include a tibial medial compartment 1224 having a medial condylar articular surface 1225 and a tibial lateral compartment 1226 having a lateral condylar articular surface 1227. A central portion 1228 may separate the tibial medial compartment 1224 from the tibial lateral compartment 1226. A recess 1245 can be formed posterior to the central portion 1228 between the medial tibial compartment 1224 and the lateral tibial compartment 1226 to provide space for the posterior cruciate ligament. The CR insert 1212 can further include an insert base 1246 and an engagement feature 1248 for engaging with a tibial baseplate component.

[0047] The CR insert 1212 may be combined with the CR femoral component 114, 1114, 2114 to form a cruciate-retaining assembly that may be implanted with a suitable tibial baseplate as a fully cruciate-retaining knee prosthesis. The CR insert 1212 may also be combined with the PS femoral component 14, 1014 to form a posterior stabilized assembly that may be implanted with a suitable tibial baseplate as a fully posterior stabilized knee prosthesis.

[0048] 22A-22F, another alternative embodiment of a tibial insert 1312 is shown. The tibial insert 1312 may be referred to as a constrained condylar knee (CCK) tibial insert 1312 (or "CCK insert"). The CCK insert 1312 may include a lower, fixed side 1320 opposing an upper, articular side 1322. The articular side 1322 may include a medial tibial compartment 1324 having a medial condylar articular surface 1325 and a lateral tibial compartment 1326 having a lateral condylar articular surface 1327. A central portion 1328 may separate the medial tibial compartment 1324 from the lateral tibial compartment 1326. A post 1330 may project upwardly from the central portion 1328 and extend from a post base 1338 to an upper portion, or post top end 1340. 22E and 22D, the post 1330 may have its maximum medial-lateral or horizontal width at a post top 1340 of the post 1330 and its minimum medial-lateral or horizontal width at a post base 1338 of the post 1330. The post 1330 may be symmetrical in the anterior and posterior views. The CCK insert 1312 may further include a posterior recess 1345, an insert base 1346, and an engagement feature 1348 for engaging with a tibial tray (not shown). An opening 1350 may be present in the upper surface of the post 1330.

[0049] The post 1330 may have an articular surface 1331 extending around the post 1330 on the medial, posterior, lateral, and anterior sides of the post 1330. The articular surface 1331 may include a medial articular surface 1332, a lateral articular surface 1334, an anterior column surface 1336, and a posterior articular surface 1342. The medial and lateral articular surfaces 1332, 1334 may taper slightly inwardly from the column top 1340 to the column base 1338 of the post 1330 relative to the vertical axis 1302 of the insert midline. However, some embodiments of the CCK insert 1312 may include less taper, more taper, and / or no taper of the medial and lateral articular surfaces 1332, 1334. The medial articular surface 1332 may be continuous with the medial condylar articular surface 1325, and the lateral articular surface 1334 may be continuous with the lateral condylar articular surface 1327. The anterior cylinder surface 1336 extends between the medial articular surface 1332 and the lateral articular surface 1334 and may be convexly rounded. The anterior cylinder surface 1336 may taper outwardly from the post top 1340 to the post base 1338 with respect to the midline axis 1302, as best seen in FIG. 22F. In other embodiments of the CCK insert 1312, the anterior cylinder surface 1336 may include less taper, more taper, and / or no taper. The post 1330 of the CCK insert 1312 may be wider and larger in diameter than the post 30 of the PS insert 12, for example, to provide added stability in the event of removal of the collateral ligament. The midline medial-lateral axis 1304 and the midline anterior-posterior axis 1306 are also shown in FIGS. 22D-F.

[0050] 22B, the border of the post top 1340, when viewed from the top, may define a rounded edge 1344 shaped as a portion of a circle, with a convex projection toward the posterior end of the post 1330. The post top 1340 and edge 1344 may be semicircular as shown, but the edge 1344 may define a circular envelope 1347. The post top 1340 is circular and the edge 1344 may provide increased surface contact and rotational range of motion when coupled and implanted with a PS femoral component disclosed herein, as compared to conventionally shaped posts having rather square or rectangular posts. Thus, the rounded top 1340 and edge 1344 may allow for greater surface contact with the femoral component 14, 1014, as opposed to merely point or edge contact achieved by conventional posts that do not include these features.

[0051] The CCK insert 1312 may be combined with a PS femoral component 14, 1014 to form a constrained condylar knee assembly, which may be implanted with an appropriate tibial baseplate as a constrained condylar knee prosthesis. The CCK insert 1312 may also be combined with any of the CR femoral components disclosed herein and implanted with an appropriate tibial baseplate. Thus, all of the tibial inserts disclosed herein are interchangeable with all of the CR and PS femoral components disclosed herein.

[0052] Any of the tibial inserts, CR femoral components, and / or PS femoral components disclosed herein may be grouped together in any number or combination as one or more modular knee replacement systems or kits. A particular kit may include a CR femoral component, a PS insert, and a CR insert. Yet another particular kit may include a PS femoral component, a PS insert, a CR insert, and a CCK insert. A suitable tibial baseplate component may be included in any kit. Additionally, any of the tibial inserts disclosed herein may be formed from vitamin E polyethylene, highly cross-linked polyethylene, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (HMWPE), and / or the like.

[0053] 23A-B, FIG. 23A is a front perspective view and FIG. 23B is a medial side view of the femoral component 1014 of FIG. 14 coupled to one or more augments 1082, 1084 of the present disclosure. As briefly described with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15, the femoral component 1014 may include an augment fixation opening 1080 that may be configured to secure one or more augments 1082, 1084 to the femoral component 1014, as well as an impact driver opening 1090 configured to receive a femoral component impact driver tool (not shown) that allows a surgeon to press-fit the femoral component 1014 into the end of a prepared femur. The augments 1082, 1084 are secured to the femoral component 1014 by fixation members 1086, and the augments 1082, 1084 may generally act to replace a missing and / or damaged femur and enable the femoral component 1014 to be properly secured to the femur under such conditions.

[0054] Referring to Figures 24A-24E, an assembly 2400 for an implantable knee prosthesis is shown according to another embodiment. The assembly 2400 may include a femoral component 2401, an insert 2410, and a tibial component 2440. Figure 24A is an exploded view of the assembly 2400 approaching the assembly 2400 from a posterior-lateral side with reference to the patient's anatomy. The assembly 2400 is generally asymmetric across the medial and lateral sides, in other words, the left side is asymmetric relative to the right side. Figures 24-27 show views of a left knee, and Figures 28A-28F show views of a right knee. In either left or right configuration, the medial side is proximal to the sagittal plane, or on the inside of the knee, and the lateral side is distal to the sagittal plane, or on the outside of the knee.

[0055] The femoral component 2401 may be posterior stabilized or cruciate retaining. In FIG. 24A, the femoral component 2401, tibial insert 2410, and tibial component 2440 are shown in flexion. The femoral component 2401 may include a medial condyle 2402 and a lateral condyle 2403, similar to the femoral component 114 of FIG. 9. The femoral component 2401 has a medial femoral compartment including a medial condylar articular surface 2404 and a lateral femoral compartment including a lateral condylar articular surface 2405. In certain embodiments, the medial condylar articular surface 2404 defines the medial femoral compartment and the lateral condylar articular surface 2405 defines the lateral femoral compartment.

[0056] The femoral component 2401 includes a femoral articular surface including a medial condylar articular surface 2404 and a lateral condylar articular surface 2405. In certain embodiments, the femoral articular surface may include one of the medial condylar articular surface 2404 and the lateral condylar articular surface 2405. In other embodiments, the femoral articular surface may include both the medial condylar articular surface 2404 and the lateral condylar articular surface 2405.

[0057] The medial condyle 2402 and the lateral condyle 2403 may include a medial condylar articular surface 2404 and a lateral condylar articular surface 2405. The femoral component 2401 may include elements for securing the femoral component 2401 to a patient's femur. For example, the femoral component 2401 may include at least one keel 2406 and at least one post 2407 that penetrate the bone of an associated femur (not shown) to secure the femoral component 2401 to the femur. The at least one post 2407 may be disposed on the femoral side of the medial condyle 2402 and / or the lateral condyle 2403. The femoral component 2401 may include surface tissue on a bone-facing side to promote bone growth and fixation.

[0058] The tibial baseplate component 2440 can be configured to be secured to a patient's tibia. As used herein, a "baseplate" refers to a structure, component, apparatus, or device that serves as a base or frame for other structures, components, apparatus, or devices that may be coupled or connected to the baseplate. In certain embodiments, the baseplate can have a generally planar configuration.

[0059] The tibial baseplate component 2440 may include an insert interface 2441 configured for placement and fixation of the insert 2410 with one or more tibial posts 2442 that are inserted and fixed to the patient's tibia. The tibial baseplate component 2440 may further include a base 2443 designed to penetrate the tibial plateau and may also receive a separate keel (not shown) that penetrates deeper into the intramedullary canal of the tibia. As used herein, "base" refers to a main or central structure, component, or part of a structure. A base is often a structure, component, or part onto or from which other structures extend, are coupled, or connected. The base may have a variety of geometric shapes and configurations. The base may be rigid or flexible. The base may be solid or hollow. In one embodiment, the base may include a housing, frame, or framework for a larger system, component, structure, or device. In certain embodiments, the base may be the bottom or lower portion of a structure designed to extend vertically when the structure is in a desired configuration or position.

[0060] 24A shows the assembly 2400 configured for placement in a left knee and depicted in an exploded state from the lateral side shown as approximately 90 degrees of extension, or "flexion." The tibial baseplate component 2440 and the femoral component 2401 may be symmetrical medially and laterally across the anterior-posterior plane, while the insert 2410 may be asymmetrical medially-laterally. The insert 2410 may include a fixed side or interface 2411 configured to mate or engage with an insert interface 2441 of the tibial baseplate component 2440. The insert interface 2411 may have a shape complementary to the shape of the insert interface 2441. The complementary shape allows for a removable interlocking of the insert 2410. The removable interlocking allows the modular assembly 2400 to provide benefits to the surgeon and the patient.

[0061] In some embodiments, the tibial baseplate component 2440 and the femoral component 2401 may be symmetrical as previously described, allowing them to be used for either left or right knee replacement. Only the insert 2410 may be specific to one side or the other. An assembly for a left or right knee arthroplasty may include only one femoral component 2401, one tibial baseplate component 2440, and two (e.g., left and right) inserts 2410. This may significantly reduce the inventory required for the system.

[0062] Opposite the base 2411, the insert 2410 has a tibial articular surface 2412 configured to engage with a medial condyle 2402 and a lateral condyle 2403 on the femoral component 2401. The tibial articular surface 2412 may include a medial tibial compartment 2413 and a lateral tibial compartment 2414. The medial tibial compartment 2413 may include a medial articular surface 2420 for direct engagement with the medial condylar articular surface 2404. The lateral tibial compartment 2414 may include a lateral articular surface 2421 for direct engagement with the lateral condylar articular surface 2405. The medial condylar articular surface 2404 may engage with the medial articular surface 2420 at a medial retention point 2435. As used herein, a "retention point" refers to a point or area where two articular surfaces contact each other during flexion and / or extension of the joint.

[0063] The lateral condylar articular surface 2405 may engage the lateral articular surface 2421 at a lateral retention point 2436 (shown in subsequent figures). The medial articular surface 2420 may include a medial bevel 2019, which has no counterpart on the lateral articular surface 2421 and may generate at least some of the asymmetry between the medial tibial compartment 2413 and the lateral tibial compartment 2414.

[0064] 24B-24D show details of the shape of the insert 2410. FIG. 24B is a posterior view of the insert 2410. FIG. 24C is an anterior view of the insert 2410. The tibial lateral compartment 2414 can include a lateral posterior side 2416 and a lateral anterior side 2418. The lateral articular surface 2421 can include a lateral posterior portion 2424 and a lateral anterior portion 2425 surrounded by a lateral perimeter 2429. The tibial medial compartment 2413 can include a medial posterior side 2415 and a medial anterior side 2417. The medial articular surface 2420 can include a medial posterior portion 2422 and a medial anterior portion 2423 surrounded by a medial perimeter 2426.

[0065] 24D and 24E show lateral and medial views of the insert 2410, respectively. In FIG. 24D, the tibial lateral compartment 2414 is shown having a lateral perimeter 2429. The lateral articular surface 2421 can meet the lateral perimeter 2429 at a lateral high point 2430. The lateral low point 2431 can be toward the center of the lateral articular surface 2421. In FIG. 24E, the tibial medial compartment 2413 is shown having a medial perimeter 2426. The medial articular surface 2420 can meet the medial perimeter 2426 at a medial high point 2427 at or adjacent to the medial posterior portion 2422. The medial low point 2428 can be near the medial anterior portion 2423 and toward the medial perimeter 2426. High points 2427, 2430 and low points 2428, 2431 on both the medial tibial compartment 2413 and the lateral tibial compartment 2414 are associated with the insert interface 2411. The difference between the medial high point 2427 and the medial low point 2428 may be greater than the difference between the lateral high point 2430 and the lateral low point 2431. The greater difference in height of the medial articular surface may be represented by a medial bevel 2419.

[0066] The medial posterior portion 2422 may include a medial slope 2419 that may begin at a medial high point 2427 and extend forward from the medial high point 2427 toward a medial low point 2428. Following the surface shape of the medial slope 2419, the medial articular surface 2420 tends to have a slope from the medial high point 2427 toward the medial low point 2428 near the medial anterior portion 2423 and toward the medial periphery 2426. The slope of the lateral articular surface 2421 continues to the lateral low point 2431. Thus, the change in downward slope at the medial articular surface 2420 and the lateral articular surface 2421 may be asymmetric. The lateral articular surface 2421 may generally be concave toward the lateral low point 2431. The location of the medial low point 2428 creates a directionality of the slope from the medial slope 2419 along the medial articular surface 2420, which causes objects or masses to change slope downward in the direction created by the medial slope 2419. The different heights along the medial slope 2419 and the medial perimeter 2426 and medial articular surface 2420 may create a temporary medial dwell point 2435 along the gradient. The approximate gradient is represented by the dashed line in FIG. 24F.

[0067] The medial posterior side 2415 of the tibial medial compartment 2413 has a medial thickness defined by a medial highpoint 2427 of a medial perimeter 2426, which may correspond to the medial bevel 2419 and / or the insert interface 2411. The lateral posterior side 2416 of the tibial lateral compartment 2414 may have a lateral thickness defined by a lateral perimeter 2429 and a lateral highpoint 2430 at the base 2411. Due to the medial bevel 2419, the tibial medial compartment 2413 may have a greater thickness than the tibial lateral compartment 2414.

[0068] The medial slope 2419 and the slope it makes along the medial articular surface 2420 toward the medial low point 2428 may cause a greater translation or movement of the medial condyle 2402 than the translation or movement of the lateral condyle 2403 as the knee and assembly 2400 range from 0 degrees flexion or extension to 90 degrees flexion. The medial condyle 2402 may move down the medial slope 2419 such that the medial retention point 2435 moves forward and outward toward the medial perimeter 2426 as the degree of flexion increases. The lateral condyle 2403 may remain generally in the same position near the lateral low point 2431, so that the lateral retention point 2436 may remain generally in the same position. The lateral condyle 2403 may also move as the knee transitions into flexion, such that the lateral retention point 2436 moves simultaneously backward and outward as the medial retention point 2435 moves forward and outward. Asymmetric translation of the medial and lateral retention points 2435, 2436 can result in tibiofemoral rotation between extension and flexion. As used herein, "tibiofemoral rotation" refers to rotating a portion of a patient's leg, including the tibia and / or tibia bone, about a longitudinal axis that is parallel to the central axis of the patient's leg.

[0069] 25-31 show the movement of the medial retention point 2435 relative to the lateral retention point 2436 while the assembly 2400 is flexed. FIGS. 25A-25E show a posterior view of the assembled assembly 2400 at 0 degrees of flexion, or "leg extension," of the left knee. FIG. 25A is a medial-lateral cross-sectional perspective view of the assembly 2400. In general, the femoral component 2401 contacts the insert 2410 at a retention point. A retention point is a point of contact between two surfaces. The medial condylar articular surface 2404 meets the medial articular surface 2420 at the medial retention point 2435. The lateral condylar articular surface 2405 meets the lateral articular surface 2421 at the lateral retention point 2436. FIGS. 25B and 25C show the medial retention point 2435 and the lateral retention point 2436 in what is considered a starting position, at 0 degrees of flexion. FIG 25D is an anterior-posterior cross section through the tibial lateral compartment 2414 of the insert 2410. The medial bevel 2419 is visible (at the back) showing the height difference between the medial posterior side 2415 and the lateral posterior side 2416. FIG 25E is an anterior-posterior cross section through the medial articular side 2413 of the insert 2410, where the medial bevel 2419 is visible, obscuring the lower lateral posterior side 2416.

[0070] 26A-26E show posterior views of the assembled assembly 2400 at 45 degrees of flexion of the left knee. FIG. 26A is a medial-lateral cross-sectional perspective view of the assembly 2400. The medial condylar articular surface 2404 meets the medial articular surface 2420 at a medial retention point 2435. The lateral condylar articular surface 2405 meets the lateral articular surface 2421 at a lateral retention point 2436. FIGS. 26B and 26C show the medial retention point 2435 and the lateral retention point 2436 in what may be considered a starting position at 45 degrees of flexion. FIG. 26D is an anterior-posterior cross-sectional view through the tibial lateral compartment 2414 of the insert 2410. The medial bevel 2419 is visible (at the back) and shows the height difference between the medial posterior side 2415 and the lateral posterior side 2416. 26E is an anterior-posterior cross section through the medial tibial compartment 2413 of the insert 2410, with the medial bevel 2419 visible and obscuring the lower lateral posterior side 2416. Compared to 0 degrees flexion, the medial retention point 2435 has moved slightly and the lateral retention point 2436 has not moved significantly.

[0071] 27A-27E show posterior views of the assembled assembly 2400 in 90 degrees of flexion of the left knee. FIG. 27A is a medial-lateral cross-sectional perspective view of the assembly 2400. The medial condylar articular surface 2404 meets the medial articular surface 2420 at a medial retention point 2435. The lateral condylar articular surface 2405 meets the lateral articular surface 2421 at a lateral retention point 2436. FIGS. 27B and 27C show the medial retention point 2435 and the lateral retention point 2436 in what may be considered a starting position at 90 degrees of flexion. FIG. 27D is an anterior-posterior cross-sectional view through the tibial lateral compartment 2414 of the insert 2410. The medial bevel 2419 is visible (at the back) and shows the height difference between the medial posterior side 2415 and the lateral posterior side 2416. 27E is an anterior-posterior cross section through the medial tibial compartment 2413 of the insert 2410, with the medial bevel 2419 visible and the lower lateral posterior side 2416 obscured. Compared to 0 degrees of flexion, the medial retention point 2435 has moved substantially anteriorly and laterally toward the medial perimeter 2426, and the lateral retention point 2436 has not moved significantly. During the transition from extension to flexion, the medial retention point 2435 has moved anteriorly from the medial bevel 2419 toward the medial low point 2428. The lateral retention point 2436 has not moved substantially along the lateral articular facet 2421.

[0072] The asymmetry of the insert 2410, particularly the medial bevel 2419, may cause greater translation of the medial retention point 2435 compared to the lateral retention point 2436. The translation of the medial retention point 2436, alone or in conjunction with the translation of the lateral retention point 2435, may cause or enable tibiofemoral rotation similar to that of a natural knee. Natural knee tibiofemoral rotation is the outward rotation of the tibia and leg relative to the femur during flexion. In natural tibiofemoral rotation, the toes point outward during flexion compared to extension. The degree of translation of the medial retention point 2435 may correspond to the rotation of the tibial baseplate component 2440 and the insert 2410 relative to the femoral component 2401.

[0073] The tibiofemoral rotation resulting from the asymmetry of the insert 2410 may provide additional joint stability to the patient. As the medial retention point 1540 moves medially toward the sagittal plane, the medial collateral ligament of the knee may remain in tension as the knee moves from extension to flexion. The tibiofemoral rotation and maintaining tension in the medial ligament may more accurately mimic the motion of a healthy knee. The assembly 2400 may allow for a more natural biomechanical range of motion of the knee compared to prosthetic knees with symmetrical medial and lateral articular sides.

[0074] 24A, there is shown an assembly 2400 configured for placement in a left knee and depicted in an exploded, lateral view shown as approximately 90 degrees of extension or "flexion." The tibial articular surface 2412 may include a medial tibial compartment 2413 (generally designated with the letter "M") and a lateral tibial compartment 2414 (generally designated with the letter "L"). In particular, the tibial insert 2410 may be specifically configured and designed for use with a patient's left knee and configured to fit within a tibial baseplate component 2440. Additionally, the tibial articular surface 2412 may be configured to contact and interface with a femoral component 2401 specifically configured for the left knee.

[0075] 28A-28E, an assembly 2800 for an implantable knee prosthesis is shown according to another embodiment. The assembly 2800 may include a femoral component 2801, an insert 2810, and a tibial baseplate component 2840. FIG. 28A is an exploded view of the assembly 2800 from a posterior-lateral perspective with reference to the patient's anatomy. The assembly 2800 is generally asymmetric across the medial and lateral sides, in other words, the left side is asymmetric relative to the right side. FIGs. 28A-28F show the anatomy of a right knee.

[0076] The femoral component 2801 may be posterior stabilized or cruciate retaining. In FIG. 28A, the femoral component 2801, the tibial insert 2810, and the tibial component 2840 are shown in flexion. The femoral component 2801 may include a medial condyle 2802 and a lateral condyle 2803, similar to the femoral component 114 of FIG. 9. The medial condyle 2402 and the lateral condyle 2403 may include a medial condyle articular surface 2404 and a lateral condyle articular surface 2405. The femoral component 2801 may include elements for fixing the femoral component 2801 to the patient's femur. For example, the femoral component 2801 may include at least one keel 2806 and at least one post 2807 that penetrate the bone of an associated femur (not shown) to fix the femoral component 2801 to the femur. At least one post 2807 may be disposed on the femoral side of the medial condyle 2802 and / or the lateral condyle 2803. The femoral component 2801 may include surface texture on the bone-facing side to promote bone ingrowth and fixation.

[0077] The tibial baseplate component 2840 may be configured to be secured to the patient's tibia. The tibial baseplate component 2840 may include an insert interface 2841 configured for placement and securing of the insert 2810 with one or more tibial posts 2842 that are inserted into and secured to the patient's tibia. The tibial baseplate component 2840 may further have a base 2843 that, in certain embodiments, is designed to penetrate the tibial plateau and may also receive a separate keel (not shown) that penetrates deeper into the intramedullary canal of the tibia.

[0078] 28A shows the assembly 2800 configured for placement in a left knee and depicted in an exploded state from the lateral side shown as approximately 90 degrees of extension or "flexion." The tibial baseplate component 2840 and the femoral component 2801 may be symmetrical medially and laterally across the anterior-posterior plane, while the insert 2810 may be asymmetrical medially-laterally. The insert 2810 may include a baseplate interface 2811 configured to mate or engage with an insert interface 2841 of the tibial baseplate component 2840. The baseplate interface 2811 may have a shape complementary to a shape on the insert interface 2841. The complementary shape allows for a removable interfit of the insert 2810. The removable interfit allows the modular assembly 2800 to provide benefits to the surgeon and the patient.

[0079] As used herein, "interface" refers to an area, boundary, or location where two separate and / or independent structures, members, devices, assemblies, components, and / or systems join, connect, couple, or mechanically or electronically meet and act or communicate with one another. In certain embodiments, "interface" may refer to a surface that forms a common boundary of two bodies, spaces, structures, members, devices, assemblies, components, or phases. (Search "interface" at Merriam-Webster.com. Webster, 2021. Web. Revised November 15, 2021). In certain embodiments, the term interface may be used with an adjective that identifies the type or function of the interface. For example, an engaging interface may refer to one or more structures that interact or connect to mechanically couple or connect two separate structures, each connected to a side of the interface.

[0080] In some embodiments, the tibial baseplate component 2840 and the femoral component 28401 may be symmetrical as previously described, allowing for use in either left or right knee replacement. In certain embodiments, the tibial insert 2810 may be specific to one side or the other of the patient. An assembly for left or right knee arthroplasty may include a single femoral component 2801, a single tibial baseplate component 2840, and two (e.g., left and right) inserts 2410, 2810. This may significantly reduce the inventory required for the system.

[0081] Opposite the baseplate interface 2811, the tibial insert 2810 includes a tibial articular surface 2812 configured to engage with a medial condyle 2802 and a lateral condyle 2803 on the femoral component 2801. The tibial articular surface 2812 may be on the upper side of the tibial insert 2810. The tibial articular surface 2812 may include a tibial medial compartment 2813 and a tibial lateral compartment 2814. In certain embodiments, the tibial medial compartment 2813 and / or the tibial lateral compartment 2814 may be defined by medial and lateral perimeters, respectively, as further described below.

[0082] The tibial medial compartment 2813 may include a medial articular surface 2820 for direct engagement with the medial condylar articular surface 2804. The tibial lateral compartment 2814 may include a lateral articular surface 2821 for direct engagement with the lateral condylar articular surface 2805. The medial condylar articular surface 2804 may engage the medial articular surface 2820 at a medial retention point 2835 (shown in subsequent figures). The lateral condylar articular surface 2805 may engage the lateral articular surface 2821 at a lateral retention point 2836 (shown in subsequent figures). In certain embodiments, the medial articular surface 2820 may include a medial bevel 2838, which in certain embodiments may form at least a portion of the asymmetry between the tibial medial compartment 2813 and the tibial lateral compartment 2814, which has no counterpart on the lateral articular surface 2821.

[0083] In certain embodiments, the assembly 2800 may include a longitudinal axis 2846. The longitudinal axis 2846 may generally indicate the area or vicinity about which the condylar articular surfaces rotate during tibiofemoral rotation occurring during joint flexion. The present disclosure supports one or more embodiments of a knee assembly, such as assembly 2800, that enable, facilitate, and / or effect tibiofemoral rotation about a longitudinal axis within the tibial medial compartment 2813 (as shown by the longitudinal axis 2846 in FIG. 28A). Alternatively, or in addition, the tibiofemoral rotation may be about a longitudinal axis within the tibial lateral compartment 2814. In certain embodiments, the shape and / or contour of the lateral and / or medial articular surfaces may affect whether the longitudinal axis is within the tibial lateral compartment (generally defined by the lateral articular surface) or within the tibial medial compartment (generally defined by the medial articular surface).

[0084] The present disclosure includes embodiments in which the tibial articular surface 2812 is contoured to place the longitudinal axis of tibiofemoral rotation within a desired or engineered compartment of the tibial articular surface 2812. In general, the more constraint that the tibial articular surface 2412, 2812 imparts to the condyles of the femoral component, the more rotation about the axis will be in that region of the tibial articular surface 2412, 2812. For example, to place the longitudinal axis 2446 within the medial articular surface 2420 of the tibial articular surface 2412, the medial articular surface 2420 is contoured to impose more constraint on the medial condylar articular surface 2404 of the medial condyle 2402 than the lateral articular surface 2421. Similarly, to position the longitudinal axis 2846 within the lateral articular surface 2821 of the tibial articular surface 2812, the lateral articular surface 2821 is contoured to impose more constraint on the lateral condylar articular surface 2805 of the lateral condyle 2803 than the medial articular surface 2820.

[0085] As used herein, a "pharmaceutical" refers to an apparatus, instrument, structure, device, component, system, or assembly that is structured, organized, configured, designed, arranged, or designed to prevent, restrict, impede, stop, or limit the movement or motion and / or operation of another object, member, structure, component, part, apparatus, system, or assembly. (Search for "constraint" at wordhippo.com. WordHippo, 2021. Web. Retrieved December 8, 2021. Revised.) In certain embodiments, a "constraint" may refer to the state of an object being temporarily, permanently, before, after, and / or during motion.

[0086] In FIG. 28A , the tibial lateral compartment 2814 and / or the tibial medial compartment 2813 are configured such that a longitudinal axis 2846 for tibiofemoral rotation is in the tibial medial compartment 2813. In FIG. 28A , the tibial lateral compartment 2814 and / or the tibial medial compartment 2813 are configured such that a longitudinal axis 2446 is in the tibial medial compartment, which may generally be defined by the medial articular surface 2420. A knee assembly configured, designed, and / or engineered for tibiofemoral rotation is in the tibial lateral compartment 2814 and may be referred to as a knee assembly with an external pivot design. A knee assembly configured, designed, and / or engineered for tibiofemoral rotation is in the tibial medial compartment and may be referred to as a knee assembly with an internal pivot design. In a particular patient, it may be desirable to use a knee assembly with an external pivot design in the left knee and a knee assembly with an internal pivot design in the right knee. Alternatively, or in addition, it may be desirable to use a knee assembly with an internal pivot design on the left knee and a knee assembly with an external pivot design on the right knee.Alternatively, or in addition, it may be desirable to use a knee assembly with an external pivot design or a knee assembly with an internal pivot design on either or both the left and right knees.

[0087] 28B-28D show details of the shape and / or contour of the tibial insert 2810. FIG. 28B is a posterior view of the tibial insert 2810. FIG. 28C is an anterior view of the tibial insert 2810. The tibial medial compartment 2813 can include a medial posterior side 2815 and a medial anterior side 2817. The medial articular surface 2820 can include a medial posterior portion 2822 and a medial anterior portion 2823 surrounded by a medial perimeter 2826. As used herein, "medial perimeter" refers to the perimeter near or around the medial compartment. The tibial lateral compartment 2814 can include a lateral posterior side 2816 and a lateral anterior side 2818. The lateral articular surface 2821 can include a lateral posterior portion 2824 and a lateral anterior portion 2825 surrounded by a lateral perimeter 2829. As used herein, "lateral perimeter" refers to the perimeter near or around the lateral compartment.

[0088] 28D and 28E show lateral and medial views, respectively, of the tibial insert 2810. In FIG. 28D, a lateral articular surface 2821 is shown having a lateral perimeter 2829. The lateral articular surface 2821 may join the lateral perimeter 2829 at a lateral high point 2830. As used herein, a "lateral high point" refers to a point or area in the lateral compartment that is higher than other points or areas in the lateral compartment. A lateral low point 2831 may be a lateral low point 2831 toward the center of the lateral articular surface 2821. As used herein, a "lateral low point" refers to a point or area in the lateral compartment that is lower than other points or areas in the lateral compartment.

[0089] In FIG. 28E, a medial articular surface 2820 is shown having a medial perimeter 2826. The medial articular surface 2820 may meet the medial perimeter 2826 at a medial high point 2827 near or adjacent to the medial posterior portion 2822. As used herein, a "medial nodal point" refers to a point or area within the medial compartment that is higher than other points or areas within the medial compartment. The medial articular surface 2820 may include a medial low point 2828 near the medial anterior portion 2823 toward the medial perimeter 2826. As used herein, a "medial low point" refers to a point or area within the medial compartment that is lower than other points or areas within the medial compartment.

[0090] High points 2827, 2830 and low points 2828, 2831 of both the lateral articular surface 2821 and the medial articular surface 2820 are associated with the baseplate joint 2811. The difference between the medial high point 2827 and the medial low point 2828 can be greater than the difference between the lateral high point 2830 and the lateral low point 2831. The greater difference in height at the medial articular surface 2820 can be represented by a medial bevel 2838 (see representation in FIG. 28F).

[0091] The medial posterior portion 2822 may include a medial slope 2838 that starts at the medial high point 2827 and extends anteriorly from the medial high point 2827 to the medial low point 2828. Following the surface shape of the medial slope 2838, the medial articular surface 2820 tends to have a slope from the medial high point 2827 toward the medial low point 2828 near the medial anterior portion 2823 and toward the medial periphery 2826. The slope of the lateral articular surface 2821 continues to the lateral low point 2831. Thus, the downward slope movement in the medial articular surface 2820 and the lateral articular surface 2821 may be asymmetric. The lateral articular surface 2821 may be generally concave toward the lateral low point 2831. The location of the medial low point 2828 creates a directionality of the slope from the medial slope 2838 along the medial articular surface 2820, which causes objects or masses to move down the slope in the direction created by the medial slope 2838. The medial slope 2838 and the different heights along the medial perimeter 2826 and medial articular surface 2820 can create a temporary medial dwell point 2835 along the gradient. The approximate gradient within the tibial medial compartment 2813 and / or tibial lateral compartment 2814 is represented by a dashed line in FIG. 28F.

[0092] The medial posterior side 2815 of the tibial medial compartment 2813 can have a thickness defined by a medial highpoint 2827 at a medial perimeter 2826, which may correspond to a medial bevel 2838 and / or a baseplate interface 2811. The lateral posterior side 2816 of the tibial lateral compartment 2814 can have a thickness defined by a lateral perimeter 2829 and a lateral highpoint 2830 at the baseplate interface 2811. Due to the presence of the medial bevel 2838, the tibial medial compartment 2813 can have a greater thickness than the tibial lateral compartment 2814.

[0093] 28F, the medial slope 2838 and the slope it makes along the medial articular surface 2820 toward the medial low point 2828 may cause a greater translation or movement of the medial condyle 2802 than the translation or movement of the lateral condyle 2803 as the knee and assembly 2800 range from 0 degrees flexion or extension to 90 degrees flexion. The medial condyle 2802 may move down the medial slope 2838 such that the medial retention point 2835 moves forward and outward toward the medial perimeter 2826 as the degree of flexion increases. The lateral condyle 2803 may remain generally in the same position near the lateral low point 2831, so that the lateral retention point 2836 may remain generally in the same position. In certain embodiments, the lateral condyle 2803 also moves as the knee transitions into flexion, such that the lateral retention point 2836 moves simultaneously posteriorly and laterally as the medial retention point 2835 moves forward and laterally. Asymmetric translation of the medial and lateral retention points 2835, 2836 can result in tibiofemoral rotation between extension and flexion. Such tibiofemoral rotation is a desired behavior in a healthy knee joint and can be referred to as the screw-home mechanism (SHM) of the knee joint, caused at least in part by the difference in size between the medial and lateral condyles of the distal femur.

[0094] FIG. 29 is an anterior perspective view of a prosthetic knee system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The prosthetic knee system 2900 includes a femoral component, an insert, and a tibial baseplate component. In certain embodiments, the femoral component and the tibial baseplate component are specifically configured for a left knee joint. In certain embodiments, the femoral component and the tibial baseplate component are specifically configured for a right knee joint. Alternatively, or in addition, the femoral component and the tibial baseplate component may be specifically configured for use in either a left knee joint or a right knee joint. The prosthetic knee system 2900 for a left knee joint may be configured for a first side of a patient. Alternatively, or in addition, the prosthetic knee system for a right knee joint may be configured for a second side of a patient, the second side being opposite the right and left sides.

[0095] In the illustrated embodiment, the femoral component is a femoral component 2401 for a left knee (see FIG. 24A ) and the tibial baseplate component is a tibial baseplate component 2440 for a left knee. The tibial baseplate component 2440 includes an insert interface 2441. The femoral component 2401 includes a femoral articular surface that includes one or both of a medial condylar articular surface 2404 and a lateral condylar articular surface 2405.

[0096] FIG. 29 illustrates three-dimensional axes 2902. The three-dimensional axes 2902 include a cranial-caudal axis 2904, a medial-lateral axis 2906, and an anterior-posterior axis 2908. FIG. 29 illustrates the orientation and configuration of a femoral component 2401 and a tibial baseplate component 2440 for a left knee of a patient having a condition in the left knee. As used herein, "condition" refers to something in terms of its appearance, quality, or operating condition. In certain embodiments, the condition may refer to the health or physical fitness of a patient, or the health or physical fitness of an organ or anatomical part of a patient. In certain embodiments, the condition may refer to a disease or deformity of a patient, or a disease or deformity of an organ or anatomical part of a patient. (Search for “condition” on wordhippo.com. WordHippo, 2021. Web. Accessed December 8, 2021. Revised.) In the illustrated embodiment, the patient's left knee has a varus condition in which the knee joint is angled approximately 8 degrees away from a vertical axis, such as the cranial-caudal axis 2904.

[0097] As used herein, "varus" refers to a condition of a bone or joint having an undesirable inward angle (i.e., an inward angle toward the midline of the body) of the distal portion of the bone or joint. The opposite of varus is called valgus. The terms "varus" and "valgus" refer to the direction in which the distal portion of the joint points. For example, a varus knee condition results in a bow-legged appearance in which the distal portion of the leg is deflected inward in relation to the femur. For example, in a valgus knee condition, the distal portion of the leg below the knee is deflected outward in relation to the femur, resulting in a bow-legged appearance. (Search "varusdeformity" on Wikipedia.com. October 20, 2020. Modified. Accessed January 6, 2020) Varus conditions can be experienced in a variety of joints, including but not limited to the ankle joint, elbow joint, ankle joint, wrist joint, hip joint, knee joint, toe joint, wrist joint, etc. A knee with a varus condition may also be referred to as a genu varum.

[0098] A patient's knee with a varus condition may cause one or more problems or challenges in knee kinematics as the knee transitions through various degrees of flexion and / or extension. For example, a varus knee may have undesirable stability (insufficient stability) during flexion. This undesirable instability may be caused by an imbalance in the space between the medial and lateral condyles of the femoral component 2401 (or the distal end of the femur). Such instability is referred to as mediolateral stability.

[0099] As used herein, "mediolateral stability" refers to a condition in which a joint and / or associated parts of a joint are stable or balanced and therefore resistant to change along the patient's medial-lateral axis 2906 and / or the patient's joint. (Search for "stability" at wordhippo.com. WordHippo, 2021. Web. Retrieved December 8, 2021. Revised.) An insufficient or undesirable degree of mediolateral stability during flexion can cause patient anxiety during flexion and reduce confidence in the integrity and performance of the prosthetic knee system 2900.

[0100] Advantageously, the prosthetic knee system 2900 can correct for undesirable degrees of medial stability with a tibial insert used by the surgeon when deploying the prosthetic knee system 2900. In the illustrated embodiment, the surgeon may choose to use a tibial insert 2910a with the tibial baseplate component 2440 and the femoral component 2401 for the left knee, either pre-operatively and / or intra-operatively. The tibial insert 2910a is positioned between the tibial baseplate component 2440 and the femoral component 2401 during deployment. See arrow 2912.

[0101] The tibial insert 2910a includes a tibial articular surface 2812 having a tibial medial compartment 2813 and a tibial lateral compartment 2814. The tibial insert 2910b includes a tibial articular surface 2412 having a tibial medial compartment 2413 and a tibial lateral compartment 2414. Advantageously, in one embodiment, the baseplate interface 2811 of the tibial insert 2910a is complementary and / or compatible with the insert interface 2441 of the tibial baseplate component 2440. The baseplate interface 2411 of the tibial insert 2910b is also complementary and / or compatible with the insert interface 2441 of the tibial baseplate component 2440. The interchangeable joints 2811, 2441 allow a surgeon to deploy the tibial insert 2910a with the tibial baseplate component 2440 and the femoral component 2401 for a left knee to accommodate, adjust, improve or correct the kinematics of the left knee joint of a patient having a condition. The tibial articular surface 2812 is shaped to cooperate with the femoral articular surface to accommodate the kinematics of the knee joint having a condition. In the illustrated embodiment, the condition is varus and can also be one of valgus and equilibrium conditions.

[0102] In one embodiment, the tibial articular surface 2812 includes one or more of the tibial medial compartment 2813, the tibial lateral compartment 2814, the medial articular surface 2820, the lateral articular surface 2821, and / or high points and / or low points in the medial articular surface 2820, and / or the lateral articular surface 2821, to modify the condition of the knee joint in which the knee joint system 2900 is deployed. In one embodiment, the contours and / or features of the tibial articular surface 2812 adjust the mediolateral stability during flexion of a first knee joint having a varus condition: a varus knee joint. In one embodiment, the tibial articular surface 2812 of the tibial insert 2910a can adjust the mediolateral stability by increasing the constraint of the lateral collateral ligament of the first knee joint and reducing the tension of the medial collateral ligament of the first knee joint.

[0103] It should be noted that in the illustrated embodiment, the surgeon may deploy the tibial insert 2910a in a left knee because the knee has a condition. However, the tibial insert 2910a may also be deployed (e.g., suitable for implantation) in a right knee joint without the patient's condition. As used herein, "suitable for implantation" refers to a device or implant configured such that deployment of the implant in a patient will have a desired effect on the patient's health and / or well-being. Although the tibial insert 2910a may be designed for deployment in a right knee joint having an absence of a condition or a balanced condition, the tibial insert 2910a shown in FIG. 29 is deployed in a left knee joint having approximately 8 degrees of varus condition.

[0104] As used herein, "kinematics" refers to the domain of mechanics that involves objects in motion and not the forces involved. (Search "kinematics" at wordhippo.com. WordHippo, 2021. Web. Retrieved December 8, 2021. Revised.) In certain embodiments, kinematics refers to aspects involved in the movement and / or interaction of components in motion in relation to each other and other components. Motions involved in kinematics may include, but are not limited to, linear, rotational, reciprocating, and / or oscillatory.

[0105] As used herein, "flexion" refers to a movement that bends a joint, particularly a bone joint. The opposite of extension. (Search for "flexion" at wordhippo.com. WordHippo2021.Web.2021.Accessed December 8, 2021. Revised)WW2. Flexion includes movements that move a part of a joint from a non-flexed or extended state to a non-extended or flexed state and may be expressed in degrees of flexion and / or extension. The range of degrees that can be used to express the state of extension and / or flexion may depend on the range of motion of a particular joint. As used herein, "extension" refers to a movement that stretches a joint, particularly a bone joint. The opposite of flexion. (Search for "extension" at wordhippo.com. WordHippo2021.Web.2021.Accessed December 8, 2021. Revised). Extension includes movements that move a part of a joint from a flexed state to an extended state and may be expressed in degrees of extension and / or flexion. The range of degrees that can be used to describe states of extension and / or flexion will depend on the range of motion of a particular joint. As used herein, "tension" refers to a force applied across an elongated structure. For example, a ligament such as the lateral collateral ligament may be under tension due to how the ligament is attached to the femur and tibia and how it is stretched during flexion of the knee joint.

[0106] In one embodiment, the femoral component 2401 is positioned on a first side of the patient and the tibial insert 2910a is positioned on a second side of the patient. In the illustrated embodiment, the first side can be the patient's left side and the second side can be the patient's right side. Alternatively, or in addition, the first side can be the patient's right side and the second side can be the patient's left side.

[0107] 29, if the knee joint has a varus condition, the surgeon may decide to bond or connect a tibial insert 2910a to the tibial baseplate component 2440. Once the surgical procedure is completed, the patient's knee joint, such as a left knee joint, will include a femoral component 2401 having a medial femoral compartment including a medial condylar articular surface 2404 and a lateral femoral compartment including a lateral condylar articular surface 2405. In the illustrated embodiment, the medial condylar articular surface 2404 defines the medial femoral compartment and the lateral condylar articular surface 2405 defines the lateral femoral compartment. Since the left knee has a varus condition, the tibial insert 2910a may be used instead of the tibial insert 2910b.

[0108] With the tibial insert 2910a deployed in the knee joint, the medial tibial compartment 2813 engages the lateral femoral compartment at a lateral retention point (shown in a later figure) during flexion, and the lateral tibial compartment 2814 engages the medial femoral compartment at a medial retention point (shown in a later figure) during flexion. One skilled in the art will recognize that this is different from the arrangement when the tibial insert 2910b is deployed between the femoral component 2401 and the tibial baseplate component 2440. Stated another way, when the left tibial insert 2910b is deployed in the left knee joint, the medial compartments of the femoral component 2401 and the tibial baseplate component 2440 engage with each other, and the lateral compartments of the femoral component 2401 and the tibial baseplate component 2440 engage with each other.

[0109] Fig. 30 is an anterior perspective view of a prosthetic knee system according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 30 includes similar components, parts, devices, apparatus, features, and aspects as those disclosed and described in connection with Fig. 29, but the difference in Fig. 30 is that the prosthetic knee system 2900 is deployed in a knee joint having a different condition than the knee joint associated with the prosthetic knee system 2900 of Fig. 29. In Fig. 30, the exemplary prosthetic knee system 2900 is deployed in a knee joint having a valgus condition.

[0110] As used herein, "valgus deformity" refers to a condition of a bone or joint having an undesirable outward angle (angled outward away from the midline of the body) of the distal portion of the bone or joint. For example, in a valgus knee condition, the distal portion of the leg below the knee is turned outward relative to the femur, giving a bow-legged appearance. The opposite of varus is called valgus. A valgus knee condition is one in which the distal portion of the leg is turned inward relative to the femur, giving a bow-legged appearance. (Search for "valgus deformity" at Wikipedia.comOct20, 2020. Modified. Retrieved January 6, 2020). Valgus conditions can be experienced in a variety of joints, including but not limited to the ankle joint, elbow joint, foot joint, wrist joint, hip joint, knee joint, toe joint, wrist joint, etc. A knee with a valgus condition may also be referred to as a genu valgus.

[0111] A patient's knee having a valgus condition may cause one or more problems or challenges in knee kinematics as the knee transitions through various degrees of flexion and / or extension. For example, a valgus knee may result in impeded or unnatural tibiofemoral rotation within the medial tibial compartment during knee flexion. The impeded or unnatural tibiofemoral rotation may cause premature wear of the components of the prosthetic knee system 2900, impede the patient's balance, and impede the patient's gait or mobility.

[0112] Advantageously, the knee prosthesis 3000 can correct undesirable or unacceptable tibiofemoral rotation in the medial tibial compartment during knee flexion. In particular, the tibial articular surface 2812 can facilitate tibiofemoral rotation in the medial tibial compartment 2813 during first knee flexion in which the knee is in valgus condition. In the illustrated embodiment, the surgeon can choose to use the tibial insert 2910b with the tibial baseplate component 2440 and the femoral component 2401 for the right knee, either preoperatively and / or intraoperatively. The tibial insert 2910b is positioned between the tibial baseplate component 2840 and the femoral component 2801 during deployment. See arrow 3012. Because the right knee is in a valgus condition, the tibial insert 2910b can be used in place of the tibial insert 2910a.

[0113] The tibial insert 2910b includes a tibial articular surface 2412 having a tibial medial compartment 2413 and a tibial lateral compartment 2414. The interchangeable interfaces 2811, 2441 allow a surgeon to deploy the tibial insert 2910b with the tibial baseplate component 2840 and the femoral component 2801 for a right knee to accommodate, adjust, improve, or modify the kinematics of the right knee joint of a patient with a condition.

[0114] It should be noted that in the illustrated embodiment, the surgeon may deploy the tibial insert 2910b in the right knee because the knee has a valgus condition. However, the tibial insert 2910b may also be deployed (e.g., suitable for implantation) in a left knee joint without a valgus condition of the patient. Although the tibial insert 2910b may be designed to be deployed in a left knee joint with an absent or balanced condition, the tibial insert 2910b shown in FIG. 32 is deployed in a right knee joint with a valgus condition of about 8 degrees. With further reference to FIG. 30, if the knee joint has a valgus condition, the surgeon may decide to couple or connect the tibial insert 2910a to the tibial baseplate component 2440.

[0115] FIG. 31 is an anterior perspective view of a prosthetic knee system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The prosthetic knee system 3000 includes a femoral component, an insert, and a tibial baseplate component. In certain embodiments, the femoral component and the tibial baseplate component are specifically configured for a right knee joint. In certain embodiments, the femoral component and the tibial baseplate component are specifically configured for a left knee joint. Alternatively, or in addition, the femoral component and the tibial baseplate component may be specifically configured for use in either a left knee joint or a right knee joint. The prosthetic knee system 3000 for a left knee joint may be configured for a first side of a patient. Alternatively, or in addition, the prosthetic knee system for a left knee joint may be configured for a second side of a patient, the second side being the opposite side to the right and left sides.

[0116] In the illustrated embodiment, the femoral component is a femoral component 2801 for a right knee (see FIG. 28A ) and the tibial baseplate component is a tibial baseplate component 2840 for a right knee. The tibial baseplate component 2840 includes an insert interface 2841. The femoral component 2801 includes a femoral articular surface that includes one or both of a medial condylar articular surface 2804 and a lateral condylar articular surface 2805.

[0117] 31 illustrates the orientation and configuration of the femoral component 2801 and the tibial baseplate component 2840 for a right knee of a patient having a condition in the right knee. In the illustrated embodiment, the patient's right knee has a varus condition in which the knee joint is angled about 8 degrees from a vertical axis, such as the cranial-caudal axis 2904. The patient may have two knees, each having a knee joint, such as a right knee at a first knee joint, on a first side of the patient, and a second knee, such as a left knee at a second knee joint, on a second side of the patient. The tibial insert 2910b deployed in the prosthetic knee stem 3000 is configured for the left knee joint and is attached to the insert joint 2841 of the tibial baseplate component 2840 of the right knee joint. In such an embodiment, another tibial insert, for example, the tibial insert 2910a, may be configured for the right knee joint of the patient.

[0118] A patient's knee with a varus condition may cause one or more problems or challenges in knee kinematics as the knee transitions through various degrees of flexion and / or extension. For example, a varus knee may have undesirable stability during flexion. This undesirable instability may be caused by an imbalance in the space between the medial and lateral condyles of the femoral component 2801 (or the distal end of the femur). Such instability is referred to as mediolateral stability. An insufficient or undesirable degree of mediolateral stability during flexion may cause patient anxiety during flexion and reduce confidence in the integrity and performance of the prosthetic knee system 3000.

[0119] Advantageously, the prosthetic knee system 3000 can correct any undesirable degree of medial stability with a tibial insert used by the surgeon when deploying the prosthetic knee system 3000. In the illustrated embodiment, the surgeon may choose to use a tibial insert 2910b with the tibial baseplate component 2840 and the femoral component 2801 for the right knee, either pre-operatively and / or intra-operatively. The tibial insert 2910b is positioned between the tibial baseplate component 2840 and the femoral component 2801 during deployment. See arrow 3012.

[0120] The tibial insert 2910b includes a tibial articular surface 2412 having a tibial medial compartment 2413 and a tibial lateral compartment 2414. The tibial insert 2910a includes a tibial articular surface 2412 having a tibial medial compartment 2413 and a tibial lateral compartment 2414. Advantageously, in one embodiment, the baseplate interface 2411 of the tibial insert 2910b is complementary and / or compatible with the insert interface 2841 of the tibial baseplate component 2840. The baseplate interface 2811 of the tibial insert 2910a is also complementary and / or compatible with the insert interface 2841 of the tibial baseplate component 2840. The interchangeable joints 2411, 2841 allow a surgeon to deploy the tibial insert 2910b with the tibial baseplate component 2840 and the femoral component 2801 for a right knee to accommodate, adjust, improve or correct the kinematics of the left knee joint of a patient with a condition. The tibial articular surface 2412 is shaped to cooperate with the femoral articular surface to accommodate the kinematics of the knee joint having a condition. In the illustrated embodiment, the condition is varus and can also be one of valgus and equilibrium conditions.

[0121] In one embodiment, the tibial articular surface 2412 includes one or more of the tibial medial compartment 2413, the tibial lateral compartment 2414, the medial articular surface 2420, the lateral articular surface 2421, and / or the high points and / or low points in the medial articular surface 2420 and / or the lateral articular surface 2421 to modify the state of the knee joint in which the knee joint system 3000 is deployed. In one embodiment, the contours and / or features of the tibial articular surface 2412 adjust the mediolateral stability during flexion of the first knee joint having a varus state: varus knee joint. In one embodiment, the tibial articular surface 2412 of the tibial insert 2910b can adjust the mediolateral stability by increasing the constraint of the lateral collateral ligament of the first knee joint and reducing the tension on the medial collateral ligament of the first knee joint.

[0122] It should be noted that in the illustrated embodiment, the surgeon may deploy the tibial insert 2910b in a right knee because the knee has a condition. However, the tibial insert 2910b may also be deployed (e.g., suitable for implantation) in a left knee joint without the patient's condition. Although the tibial insert 2910b may be designed for deployment in a left knee joint having an absence of a condition or a balanced condition, the tibial insert 2910b shown in FIG. 31 is deployed in a right knee joint having approximately 8 degrees of varus condition.

[0123] In one embodiment, the femoral component 2801 is configured on a first side of the patient and the tibial insert 2910b is configured on a second side of the patient. In the illustrated embodiment, the first side can be the patient's right side and the second side can be the patient's left side. Alternatively, or in addition, the first side can be the patient's left side and the second side can be the patient's right side.

[0124] 31 , if the knee joint has a varus condition, the surgeon may decide to bond or connect the tibial insert 2910b to the tibial baseplate component 2840. Once the surgical procedure is completed, the patient's knee joint, such as a right knee joint, will include a femoral component 2801 having a medial femoral compartment including a medial condylar articular surface 2804 and a lateral femoral compartment including a lateral condylar articular surface 2805. In the illustrated embodiment, the medial condylar articular surface 2804 defines the medial femoral compartment and the lateral condylar articular surface 2805 defines the lateral femoral compartment. Because the left knee exhibits a varus condition, the tibial insert 2910b may be used in place of the tibial insert 2910a.

[0125] With the tibial insert 2910b deployed in the knee joint, the medial tibial compartment 2413 engages the lateral femoral compartment at a lateral retention point (shown in a later figure) during flexion, and the lateral tibial compartment 2414 engages the medial femoral compartment at a medial retention point (shown in a later figure) during flexion. One skilled in the art will recognize that this is different from the arrangement when the tibial insert 2910a is deployed between the femoral component 2801 and the tibial baseplate component 2840. Stated another way, when the left tibial insert 2910a is deployed in the right knee joint, the medial compartments of the femoral component 2801 and the tibial baseplate component 2840 engage with each other, and the lateral compartments of the femoral component 2801 and the tibial baseplate component 2840 engage with each other.

[0126] Fig. 32 is an anterior perspective view of a prosthetic knee system according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 32 includes similar components, parts, devices, apparatus, features, and aspects as those disclosed and described in connection with Fig. 31, but the difference in Fig. 32 is that the prosthetic knee system 3000 is deployed in a knee joint having a different condition than the knee joint associated with the prosthetic knee system 3000 of Fig. 31. In Fig. 32, the exemplary prosthetic knee system 3000 is deployed in a right knee joint having a valgus condition.

[0127] 32 illustrates the orientation and configuration of the femoral component 2801 and the tibial baseplate component 2840 for a right knee of a patient having a condition in the right knee. In the illustrated embodiment, the patient's right knee has a valgus condition in which the knee joint is angled about 8 degrees from a vertical axis, such as the cranial-caudal axis 2904. The patient may have two knees, each having a knee joint, such as a right knee at a first knee joint, on a first side of the patient, and a second knee, such as a left knee at a second knee joint, on a second side of the patient. The tibial insert 2910b deployed in the prosthetic knee stem 3000 is configured for the left knee joint and is attached to the insert joint 2841 of the tibial baseplate component 2840 of the right knee joint. In such an embodiment, another tibial insert, for example, the tibial insert 2910a, may be configured for the right knee joint of the patient.

[0128] A patient's knee having a valgus condition may cause one or more problems or challenges in knee kinematics as the knee transitions through various degrees of flexion and / or extension. For example, a valgus knee may cause impeded or unnatural tibiofemoral rotation within the medial tibial compartment during knee flexion. Impeded or unnatural tibiofemoral rotation may cause premature wear of components of the prosthetic knee system 3000, impede patient balance, impede patient gait or mobility, etc.

[0129] Advantageously, the knee prosthesis system 3000 can correct undesirable or unacceptable tibiofemoral rotation in the medial tibial compartment during knee flexion. In particular, the tibial articular surface 2412 can facilitate tibiofemoral rotation in the medial tibial compartment 2813 during first knee flexion in which the knee is in valgus condition. In the illustrated embodiment, the surgeon can choose to use the tibial insert 2910b with the tibial baseplate component 2840 and the femoral component 2801 for the right knee, either preoperatively and / or intraoperatively. The tibial insert 2910b is positioned between the tibial baseplate component 2840 and the femoral component 2801 during deployment. See arrow 3012. Because the right knee is in a valgus condition, the tibial insert 2910b can be used in place of the tibial insert 2910a.

[0130] The tibial insert 2910b includes a tibial articular surface 2412 having a tibial medial compartment 2413 and a tibial lateral compartment 2414. The interchangeable joints 2411, 2841 allow a surgeon to deploy the tibial insert 2910b with the tibial baseplate component 2840 and the femoral component 2801 for a right knee to accommodate, adjust, improve, or modify the kinematics of the right knee joint of a patient with a valgus condition.

[0131] It should be noted that in the illustrated embodiment, the surgeon may deploy the tibial insert 2910b in the right knee because the knee has a valgus condition. However, the tibial insert 2910b may also be deployed (e.g., suitable for implantation) in a left knee joint without a valgus condition of the patient. Although the tibial insert 2910b may be designed to be deployed in a left knee joint with an absent or balanced condition, the tibial insert 2910b shown in FIG. 32 is deployed in a right knee joint with a valgus condition of about 8 degrees. With further reference to FIG. 32, if the knee joint has a valgus condition, the surgeon may decide to couple or connect the tibial insert 2910b to the tibial baseplate component 2840.

[0132] One skilled in the art will appreciate that the tibial insert 2910a and / or tibial insert 2910b used with the present disclosure can be a tibial insert configured for a variety of different knee prosthesis systems. For example, the tibial insert 2910a,b can be one or more of a cruciate-retaining tibial insert, a constrained condylar knee tibial insert, a posterior stabilized tibial insert, and a medial-lateral asymmetric tibial insert. As used herein, a "cruciate-retaining tibial insert" refers to a tibial insert configured for use with a cruciate-retaining ("CR") prosthesis. As used herein, a "constrained condylar knee tibial insert" refers to a tibial insert configured for use with a constrained condylar knee ("CCK") prosthesis. As used herein, a "posterior stabilized tibial insert" refers to a tibial insert configured for use with a posterior stabilized ("PS") prosthesis. As used herein, a "medial-lateral asymmetric tibial insert" refers to a tibial insert configured for use with a prosthesis that employs a medial-lateral asymmetric articular surface on at least one component of the prosthesis.

[0133] 33A is a top view of a right tibial insert, such as tibial insert 2910a, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIGS. 29 and 30 show that by using the tibial insert 2910a with the femoral component 2401 and the tibial baseplate component 2440 in a left knee, the medial tibial compartment 2813 engages with the lateral condylar articular surface 2405 (also referred to as the lateral femoral compartment) at a lateral rest point 2436, and the lateral tibial compartment 2814 engages with the medial condylar articular surface 2404 (also referred to as the medial femoral compartment) at a medial rest point 2435. In a particular embodiment, the lateral femoral compartment and the medial femoral compartment are symmetrical such that the translation and / or rotation of the tibial articular surface 2812, and the lateral condylar articular surface 2405 and the medial condylar articular surface 2404 are governed by the contour of the tibial articular surface 2812.

[0134] 33A illustrates the location of the medial retention point 2435 and the lateral retention point 2436 during flexion of a joint including a tibial insert 2910a with a femoral component 2401 and a tibial baseplate component 2440 of a left knee. The medial retention point 2435 and the lateral retention point 2436 translate and / or rotate during flexion. Due at least in part to the contour of the tibial articular surface 2812, the lateral retention point 2436 moves anteriorly and laterally, and the medial retention point 2435 moves posteriorly and laterally. In certain embodiments, this movement of the retention points facilitates tibiofemoral rotation within the medial tibial compartment 2813 during flexion of a knee joint in a valgus condition and / or adjusts mediolateral stability during flexion of a knee joint in a varus condition. In one embodiment, the tibial articular surface 2812 may increase the constraint of the lateral collateral ligament of the knee joint and reduce the tension on the medial collateral ligament of the knee joint.

[0135] 33B is a top view of a right tibial insert, such as tibial insert 2910b, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. FIGS. 31 and 32 show that by using the tibial insert 2910b with the femoral component 2801 and the tibial baseplate component 2840 in a right knee, the medial tibial compartment 2813 engages with the lateral condylar articular surface 2805 (also referred to as the lateral femoral compartment) at a lateral rest point 2436, and the lateral tibial compartment 2414 engages with the medial condylar articular surface 2804 (also referred to as the medial femoral compartment) at a medial rest point 2435. In a particular embodiment, the lateral femoral compartment and the medial femoral compartment are symmetrical such that the translation and / or rotation of the tibial articular surface 2412 and the lateral condylar articular surface 2805 and the medial condylar articular surface 2804 are governed by the contour of the tibial articular surface 2812.

[0136] 33B illustrates the location of the medial retention point 2435 and the lateral retention point 2436 during flexion of a joint including a tibial insert 2910b with a femoral component 2801 and a tibial baseplate component 2840 of a right knee. The medial retention point 2435 and the lateral retention point 2436 translate and / or rotate during flexion. Due at least in part to the contour of the tibial articular surface 2412, the lateral retention point 2436 moves anteriorly and laterally, and the medial retention point 2435 moves posteriorly and laterally. In certain embodiments, this movement of the retention points facilitates tibiofemoral rotation within the tibial medial compartment 2413 during flexion of a knee joint in a valgus condition and / or adjusts mediolateral stability during flexion of a knee joint in a varus condition. In one embodiment, the tibial articular surface 2412 may increase the constraint of the lateral collateral ligament of the knee joint and decrease the tension on the medial collateral ligament of the knee joint.

[0137] 33B, in a particular embodiment, the knee joint is a right knee joint of a patient. The left tibial insert 2910b is attached to the insert joint 2841 of the tibial baseplate component 2840 of the right knee joint such that the left tibial insert 2910b constrains and relieves the femoral articular surface in the medial tibia compartment 2413.

[0138] 34 is an anterior perspective view of a prosthetic knee system 4000 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The prosthetic knee system 4000 is configured for use in a patient's knee joint. The same prosthetic knee system 4000 can be used in knee joints with conditions as well as in knee joints without conditions. Advantageously, such a prosthetic knee system 4000 reduces the inventory required to perform knee arthroplasty. In one embodiment, the prosthetic knee system 4000 includes a femoral component 4001, a tibial baseplate component 4040, a right tibial insert 4010, and a left tibial insert 4012.

[0139] In the illustrated embodiment, the femoral component 4001 and the tibial baseplate component 4040 can be very similar to similarly named components in other embodiments disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the same femoral component 4001 and tibial baseplate component 4040 can be configured for use in either a patient's right or left knee joint. Alternatively, or in addition, the femoral component 4001 and / or the tibial baseplate component 4040 can be specifically designed for a left or right knee joint. By way of example, the prosthetic knee system 4000 is deployed in the patient's left knee (medial and lateral identified by "M" and "L" on the femoral component 4001).

[0140] The femoral component 4001 is configured to be implanted on the patient's femur for a first knee joint, and includes a femoral articular surface 4002 including a medial condylar articular surface 4004 and a lateral condylar articular surface 4005. The tibial baseplate component 4040 is configured to be implanted on the patient's tibia for a first knee joint. The tibial baseplate component 4040 includes an insert interface 4041.

[0141] The right tibial insert 4010 is configured to attach to an insert interface 4041 of the tibial baseplate component 4040. In one embodiment, the right tibial insert 4010 can include an interface 4011 that is compatible with the insert interface 4041. The right tibial insert 4010 also includes a tibial articular surface 4020. When the right tibial insert 4010 is placed between the femoral component 4001 and the tibial baseplate component 4040, the tibial articular surface 4020 articulates with the femoral articular surface 4002 to rotate the tibia about a longitudinal axis of the tibia, which passes through the tibial medial compartment 4022 of the right tibial insert 4010, during flexion or extension of the right knee joint.

[0142] The left tibial insert 4012 is configured to attach to an insert interface 4041 of the tibial baseplate component 4040. In one embodiment, the left tibial insert 4012 can include an interface 4013 that is compatible with the insert interface 4041. The left tibial insert 4012 also includes a tibial articular surface 4021. When the left tibial insert 4012 is installed between the femoral component 4001 and the tibial baseplate component 4040, the tibial articular surface 4021 articulates with the femoral articular surface 4002 to rotate the tibia about a longitudinal axis of the tibia, which passes through the tibial medial compartment 4023 of the left tibial insert 4012, during flexion or extension of the left knee joint.

[0143] The tibial articular surface 4020 of the right tibial insert 4010 is shaped to cooperate with the femoral articular surface 4002 to change the kinematics of the knee joint in a state where the knee joint is a left knee joint. The tibial articular surface 4021 of the left tibial insert 4012 is shaped to cooperate with the femoral articular surface 4002 to change the kinematics of the knee joint in a state where the knee joint is a right knee joint. Advantageously, the surgeon using the prosthetic knee system 4000 can intraoperatively decide whether to use the right tibial insert 4010 (e.g., when the knee joint has a varus or valgus condition) or the left tibial insert 4012 (e.g., when the knee joint has no condition or a balanced condition). The knee joint can exhibit a varus condition, a valgus condition, or a balanced condition. As used herein, "balanced" refers to a condition of a bone and / or joint in which the bone or joint has a desired alignment with the central axis of the limb or anatomical structure in which the bone and / or joint resides. In certain embodiments, balanced refers to a condition of a bone or joint that is neither in varus nor in valgus.

[0144] 34, in one embodiment, the prosthetic knee system may include a femoral component 4001, and right and left tibial components. The right tibial component may be a single, unitary component that includes features, functions, attributes, and aspects of both the tibial baseplate component 4040 and the right tibial insert 4010. The left tibial component may be a single, unitary component that includes features, functions, attributes, and aspects of both the tibial baseplate component 4040 (e.g., a copy of the tibial baseplate component 4040, not shown) and the left tibial insert 4012 combined into one. One skilled in the art will appreciate that the features, functions, and advantages of the right tibial insert 4010 connected to the tibial baseplate component 4040 and the features, functions, and advantages of the left tibial insert 4012 connected to the tibial baseplate component 4040 are included in the right and left tibial components, respectively. One potential advantage of using a right and left tibial component may be that there are fewer parts in the prosthetic knee system.

[0145] 35 illustrates one exemplary method 5000 for adapting the kinematics of a knee joint with a condition. With reference to FIGS. 24A-34, the method 5000 is initiated by a user, such as a surgeon, who determines (5002) that a condition exists in a patient's knee joint. This determination may be made based on observations of the patient, medical image scans, etc. Additionally, the determination may be made by the user prior to or during a surgical procedure on the knee joint.

[0146] The surgeon or other user may then implant a femoral component onto the femur of the patient's knee joint (5004). The femoral component may include a femoral articular surface. The surgeon or other user may then implant a tibial baseplate component onto the tibia of the patient's knee joint (5006). The tibial baseplate component may include an insert interface.

[0147] Next, based on the conditions present at the knee, the surgeon or other user may select a tibial insert configured for a second side (the side not including the patient's knee) (5008). The selected tibial insert includes a baseplate interface attachable to an insert interface of the tibial baseplate component. The selected tibial insert also includes a tibial articular surface configured to articulate with the femoral articular surface to match the kinematics of the knee.

[0148] The surgeon or other user then connects 5010 the selected tibial insert to the tibial baseplate, adapting the kinematics of the knee joint based on the condition, completing the method 5000.

[0149] The methods disclosed herein comprise one or more steps or actions for carrying out the described method. The steps and / or actions of the methods may also be interchanged with one another. In other words, the order and / or use of certain steps and / or actions may be modified unless a specific order of steps or actions is required for proper operation of an embodiment.

[0150] References throughout this specification to "an embodiment" or "the embodiment" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, references or variations thereof recited throughout this specification do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment.

[0151] Similarly, in the above description of the embodiments, it should be understood that various features may be grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. However, this method of disclosure should not be interpreted as reflecting an intention that any claim requires more features than are expressly recited in that claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, aspects of the invention may exist in combinations of fewer than all features, components, aspects, parts, and / or structures of any single foregoing disclosed embodiment. Thus, the claims following the detailed description are hereby expressly incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment. This disclosure includes all permutations of the independent claims and their dependent claims.

[0152] The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. While various aspects of the embodiments are presented in drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated.

[0153] The term "first" in a claim referring to a feature or element does not necessarily imply the presence of a second or additional such feature or element. Elements described in means-plus-function form are intended to be construed pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §112, paragraph 6. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes can be made to the details of the above-described embodiments without departing from the underlying principles described herein.

[0154] The phrases "connected," "coupled," and "in communication" refer to any form of interaction between two or more things, including mechanical, electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic, fluid, and thermal interaction. Two components can be functionally coupled to one another even if they are not in direct contact with one another. The term "abutting" refers to things that are in direct physical contact with one another, but the things are not necessarily attached together. The phrase "fluid communication" refers to two features that are connected such that fluid in one feature can flow into the other feature.

[0155] The drawings may show simplified or partial drawings, and dimensions of elements in the drawings may be exaggerated or otherwise out of proportion for clarity. Furthermore, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a terminal includes a reference to one or more terminals. Furthermore, when referring to a list of elements (e.g., elements a, b, c), such reference is intended to include any one of the listed elements by itself, any combination of less than all of the listed elements, and / or all combinations of the listed elements.

[0156] The term "substantially" means that the recited characteristic, parameter, or value need not be achieved exactly, but that deviations or variations including, for example, tolerances, measurement errors, limitations in measurement accuracy, and other factors known to those of ordinary skill in the art may occur in an amount that does not eliminate the effect that the characteristic is intended to provide.

[0157] As used herein, the terms "proximal," "top," "upper," or "superior" may refer to the location on the device that is closest to the clinician using the device and furthest in relation to the patient with whom the device is used when the device is used in its normal operation. Conversely, the terms "distal," "bottom," "lower," or "inferior" may refer to the location on the device that is furthest from the clinician using the device and closest to the patient with whom the device is used when the device is used in its normal operation. Additionally, the terms "top" and "lower," as well as "upper" and "lower," "anterior" and "posterior" may be used as relative terms herein for ease of explanation and understanding. It is understood that in embodiments of the present disclosure, the entities of upper and lower may be reversed, as well as upper and lower, anterior and posterior.

[0158] As used herein, the terms "inside" or "inner" refer to a position relative to the device that is toward the inside of the device during normal use. Conversely, as used herein, the terms "outside" or "outer" refer to a position relative to the device that is toward the outside of the device during normal use.

[0159] Although particular embodiments and applications of the present disclosure have been illustrated and described, it should be understood that the scope of the disclosure is not limited to the detailed configurations and components disclosed herein.Various modifications, changes, and variations that are apparent to those skilled in the art may be made in the arrangement, operation, and details of the methods and systems of the present disclosure described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the technology.

Claims

1. 1. A prosthetic knee system for implantation into a first knee joint of a patient, the first knee joint including a femur and a tibia, the first knee joint having a condition, the first knee joint being on a first side of the patient and not on a second side of the patient selected from a right side and a left side, the second side comprising the other of the right side and the left side, the prosthetic knee system comprising: a tibial baseplate component configured to be implanted on the tibia, the tibial baseplate component including an insert connection portion; a femoral component configured to be implanted on the femur, the femoral component including a femoral articular surface; a tibial insert including a baseplate interface portion attachable to the insert connection portion of the tibial baseplate component, the tibial insert including a tibial articular surface configured to articulate with the femoral articular surface; the tibial articular surface includes a medial tibial compartment and a lateral tibial compartment that is asymmetric to the medial tibial compartment; the tibial articular surface is shaped to cooperate with the femoral articular surface to accommodate the kinematics of a first knee joint having a condition; The tibial articular surface is adapted for implantation into a second knee joint on the second side not suffering from the condition.

2. The knee prosthesis system of claim 1 , wherein the femoral component is configured on the first side and the tibial insert is configured on the second side of a patient.

3. the first knee joint is a right knee joint of the patient; the second knee joint is the patient's left knee joint; the tibial insert is configured for the left knee joint and is attached to the insert interface of the tibial baseplate component of the right knee joint; The knee prosthesis system of claim 1 , wherein the other tibial insert is configured for a right knee joint.

4. The knee prosthesis system of claim 1 , wherein the tibial articular surface facilitates tibiofemoral rotation within the medial tibial compartment during flexion of the first knee joint, the condition being knee valgus.

5. The knee prosthesis system of claim 1 , wherein the tibial articular surface medial-lateral stability is adjusted during flexion of the first knee joint, the condition being varus knee.

6. 6. The prosthetic knee system of claim 5, wherein the tibial articular surface increases constraint on a lateral collateral ligament of the first knee joint and reduces tension on a medial collateral ligament of the first knee joint.

7. The knee prosthesis system of claim 1 , wherein the medial tibial compartment includes a medial perimeter, a medial high point, and a medial low point, and the lateral tibial compartment includes a lateral perimeter, a lateral high point, and a lateral low point.

8. 2. The knee prosthesis system of claim 1, wherein the femoral articular surface includes a medial femoral compartment and a medial femoral compartment, the medial tibial compartment engaging the lateral femoral compartment at a lateral retention point during flexion, and the lateral tibial compartment engaging the medial femoral compartment at a medial retention point during flexion.

9. The knee prosthesis system of claim 8 , wherein the lateral retention point moves anteriorly and outwardly and the medial retention point moves posteriorly and outwardly.

10. The knee prosthesis system of claim 8 , wherein the medial femoral compartment and the lateral femoral compartment are symmetrical.

11. 2. The knee prosthesis system of claim 1, wherein the tibial insert comprises one of a cruciate retaining tibial insert, a constrained condylar tibial insert, a posterior stabilized tibial insert, and a medial-lateral asymmetric tibial insert, and the condition comprises one of a varus condition and a valgus condition.

12. 1. A prosthetic knee system for implantation into a patient's knee joint, the knee joint including a femur and a tibia, the knee joint having a condition, the knee joint being on a first side of the patient selected from a right side and a left side and not on a second side of the patient, the second side including the other of the right side and the left side, the prosthetic knee system comprising: a tibial baseplate component configured to be implanted on the tibia, the tibial baseplate component including an insert connection portion; a femoral component configured to be implanted on the femur, the femoral component including a femoral articular surface; a right tibial insert attachable to the insert connection portion of the tibial baseplate component, the right tibial insert including a tibial articular surface configured to articulate with the femoral articular surface and rotate the tibia about a longitudinal axis of the tibia that passes through a medial tibial compartment of the right tibial insert during flexion or extension of the right knee joint; a left tibial insert attachable to the insert connection portion of the tibial baseplate component, the left tibial insert including a tibial articular surface configured to articulate with the femoral articular surface and rotate the tibia about a longitudinal axis passing through a medial tibial compartment of the left tibial insert during flexion or extension of the left knee joint; the tibial articular surface of the right tibial insert is shaped to cooperate with the femoral articular surface to modify the kinematics of the knee joint when the knee joint is a left sided knee joint; A prosthetic knee system, wherein the tibial articular surface of the left tibial insert is shaped to cooperate with the femoral articular surface to alter the kinematics of a given knee joint when the knee joint is a right knee joint.

13. the knee joint is a right knee joint of the patient; 13. The knee prosthesis system of claim 12, wherein the left tibial insert is attached to an insert interface of the tibial baseplate component of the right knee such that the left tibial insert constrains the femoral articular surface within the medial tibial compartment to alleviate the condition.

14. The knee prosthesis system of claim 12, wherein the tibial articular surface facilitates tibiofemoral rotation within the medial tibial compartment during flexion of the knee, the condition being knee valgus.

15. The knee prosthesis system of claim 12, wherein the tibial articular surface adjusts for medial-lateral stability during flexion of the knee joint, the condition being varus knee.

16. 16. The prosthetic knee system of claim 15, wherein the tibial articular surface increases constraint of a lateral collateral ligament of the knee joint and reduces tension on a medial collateral ligament of the knee joint.

17. 13. The knee prosthesis system of claim 12, wherein the medial tibial compartment includes a medial perimeter, a medial high point, and a medial low point, and the right tibial insert and the left tibial insert each include a lateral tibial compartment including a lateral perimeter, a lateral high point, and a lateral low point.

18. 13. The knee prosthesis system of claim 12, wherein each of the right and left tibial inserts includes a tibial lateral compartment and a tibial medial compartment, the femoral articular surface includes a femoral medial compartment and a femoral lateral compartment, the tibial medial compartment engages the femoral lateral compartment at a lateral rest point during flexion, and the tibial lateral compartment engages the femoral medial compartment at a medial rest point during flexion.

19. 1. A method for adapting the kinematics of a knee joint having a condition, the knee joint including a femur and a tibia, the knee joint being on a first side of a patient selected from a right side and a left side and not on a second side of the patient, the second side including the other of the right side and the left side, the method comprising: determining that the condition is present in the knee joint; implanting a femoral component into the femur, the femoral component including a femoral articular surface; implanting a tibial baseplate component onto a tibia, the tibial baseplate component including an insert connection portion; selecting a tibial insert configured for the second side based on the condition, the tibial insert including a baseplate interface attachable to the insert interface of the tibial baseplate component, the tibial insert including a tibial articular surface configured to articulate with the femoral articular surface to match knee joint kinematics; connecting the selected tibial insert to the tibial baseplate to adapt the kinematics of the knee joint based on the condition; A method comprising:

20. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the condition of the knee joint comprises one of a varus condition, a valgus condition, and a balanced condition.

21. 1. A prosthetic knee system for implantation into a patient's knee joint, the knee joint including a femur and a tibia, the knee joint having a condition, the knee joint being on a first side of the patient and not on a second side of the patient, the second side including the other of the right side and the left side, the prosthetic knee system comprising: a femoral component configured to be implanted into a femur, the femoral component including a femoral articular surface; a right tibial component attachable to a tibia, the right tibial component including a tibial articular surface configured to articulate with the femoral articular surface and rotate the tibia about a longitudinal axis passing through a medial tibial compartment of the right tibial component during flexion or extension of the right knee joint; a left tibial component attachable to a tibia, the left tibial component including a tibial articular surface configured to articulate with the femoral articular surface and rotate the tibia about a longitudinal axis passing through a medial tibial compartment of the left tibial component during flexion or extension of the left knee joint; Including, the tibial articular surface of the right tibial component is shaped to cooperate with the femoral articular surface to modify the kinematics of a given knee joint when the knee joint is a left knee joint; The tibial articular surface of the left tibial component is shaped to cooperate with the femoral articular surface to alter the kinematics of a given knee joint when the knee joint is a right knee joint.

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