Brine-resistant compositions containing fatty acid or fatty acid ester reaction products of saccharide polymers

Abstract

A surfactant composition containing the reaction product of a saccharide polymer with a fatty acid or fatty acid ester can be obtained in an aqueous fluid in the presence of a hydroxide base and a neutral surfactant or its reaction product form, where the saccharide polymer contains a dextran, a dextrin compound, or any combination thereof. The surfactant composition can be combined with the one or more zwitterionic surfactants in a ratio sufficient to render the resulting mixed surfactant composition brine resistant, even if both the reaction product and the one or more zwitterionic surfactants are brine intolerant. The one or more zwitterionic surfactants may further be selected to render the mixed surfactant composition non-emulsifying in an oil-based fluid.

Description

[Background technology]

[0001] This invention relates to brine resistant compositions containing fatty acid or fatty acid ester reaction products of saccharide polymers, subsurface treatment fluids containing such compositions, and methods for making such compositions.

[0002] Amphiphilic compounds that have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties in their molecular structure are commonly referred to as "surfactants" or "surfactant compounds." Surfactants, due to their molecular structure, tend to reduce the surface tension at the interface between two components. Surfactants can be found in a wide range of consumer and industrial products, including, for example, soaps, detergents, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and dispersants. Surfactants are also commonly used in the oil and gas industry. Among other functions in these applications and others, surfactants may increase the solubility of poorly soluble substances, increase foaming, promote emulsification or demulsification, and / or reduce viscosity in certain cases.

[0003] Various conventional surfactants have drawbacks. Some common surfactants may be expensive, have poor water solubility, poor biodegradability, and / or may be subject to environmental or other governmental regulations. Some surfactants may exhibit high surface tension values ​​at their critical micelle concentration, which may complicate fluid handling during formulation of consumer and industrial products containing such surfactants. Many conventional surfactants are also incompatible with aqueous fluids with high salt content (e.g., greater than about 5% by weight salt), such as various brines, resulting in precipitation upon contact. A further drawback associated with conventional surfactants is that the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) is fixed by the molecular structure of the particular amphiphilic compound used, and may not be suitable for a particular application even if the surfactant is otherwise chemically compatible with the anticipated conditions of use.

[0004] As described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2021 / 0340429, a versatile class of bio-sourced surfactants may be obtained in the aqueous phase by combining the reaction products of fatty acids and saccharide polymers with fatty acid amide neutral surfactants (co-surfactants). The fatty acids and their amounts may be varied to tailor the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of these types of surfactants. Low surface tension values ​​may result from synergistic interactions between the reaction products and the neutral surfactants. These types of surfactants may be compatible with aqueous fluids with relatively low salinity values ​​(e.g., salinity of about 5% by weight or less), but aqueous fluids with high salinity, such as various brines, may cause at least partial precipitation of the surfactant composition. Water sources in industrial processes and various on-site locations often have high salinity values, which may prevent biosurfactants from being used in applications that would otherwise be feasible. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0005] The following figures are included to illustrate certain aspects of the present disclosure and should not be considered as exclusive embodiments. The disclosed subject matter is capable of considerable modification, permutation, combination, and equivalents in form and function without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0006] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a graphical representation of a plot of surface tension as a function of time for 1gpt Sample 3 in combination with various brines and fresh water. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of a plot of surface tension as a function of time for 1 gpt Sample 4 in combination with various brines and fresh water. DISCLOSURE OF THEINVENTION

[0007] The present disclosure relates generally to surfactant technology, and more particularly to compositions formed at least in part from biologically derived materials that are compatible with aqueous fluids with high salinity, such as various brines.

[0008] As mentioned above, conventional surfactants may exhibit various problems such as high cost, poor biocompatibility, and / or poor solubility, which may limit their application in various applications. Furthermore, there is no easy way to change the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of conventional surfactants. Surface tension (interfacial tension) values ​​are also often high for some types of surfactants, which may complicate their handling in various applications and / or hinder their incorporation into various consumer and industrial products. Some conventional surfactants are compatible with high salinity aqueous fluids such as various brines, but many are incompatible. Surfactants that are incompatible with a given brine or other high salinity aqueous fluid may precipitate on contact with them, whereas the surfactant may remain soluble (compatible) on contact with water or low salinity aqueous fluids. This difficulty may significantly limit the range of applications in which the surfactants can be successfully used.

[0009] As described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2021 / 0340429, which is incorporated herein by reference, aqueous surfactant compositions containing reaction products of fatty acids and saccharide polymers, such as dextran or dextrin compounds, in combination with neutral surfactants (co-surfactants), such as various fatty acid-based alkanolamide surfactants, are a versatile class of biosurfactants. Varying the type and amount of fatty acid not only easily alters the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, but also can achieve surprisingly low surface tension values ​​when the reaction products are present in combination with a neutral surfactant. Specifically, when the reaction product of a fatty acid and a saccharide polymer is present in combination with a suitable neutral surfactant, its surface tension may be lower than the surface tension of the neutral surfactant itself at substantially the same concentration in an aqueous fluid. That is, the reaction product of the fatty acid and the saccharide polymer may synergistically interact with the neutral surfactant to reduce the surface tension value compared to the neutral surfactant alone at substantially the same concentration. Fatty acid esters may be reacted under similar conditions to form the reaction product. While the aforementioned reaction products may be soluble and may result in low surface tension values ​​in aqueous fluids of low salinity (or fresh water), such surfactant compositions may have limited compatibility with aqueous fluids of high salinity and may at least partially precipitate upon contact therewith.

[0010] As used herein, the term "fatty acid" refers to a carboxylic acid having four or more carbon atoms, linear, and optionally unsaturated. As used herein, the term "fatty acid ester" refers to a compound containing one or more ester moieties, including an alcohol component and one or more fatty acid components. The alcohol component may be a monohydric alcohol or a polyhydric alcohol, such as a diol or triol (e.g., glycerol). The one or more fatty acid components may contain at least one linear fatty acid that is saturated or unsaturated, examples of which are provided below. The reaction products and compositions described herein may be free or substantially free of branched fatty acids or products formed therefrom, according to various embodiments. That is, in some embodiments, the reaction products and compositions described herein may include one or more fatty acids or products formed therefrom that consist of one or more linear fatty acids that may be saturated or unsaturated.

[0011] The above reaction product may be combined with a zwitterionic (amphoteric) surfactant to provide additional surprising beneficial benefits. That is, the composition briefly described above (i.e., an aqueous surfactant composition containing the reaction product of a saccharide polymer combined with a neutral surfactant or its reaction product form, e.g., fatty acid alkanolamide) may be combined with an appropriate amount of a zwitterionic surfactant to promote the resistance of the composition to high salinity aqueous fluids, such as various brines. The zwitterionic surfactant(s) do not necessarily have to be brine-resistant alone to provide brine resistance to a composition including the reaction product. Thus, the reaction product and the zwitterionic surfactant(s) may exhibit an even more surprising synergistic interaction that provides the brine resistance of the composition.

[0012] Furthermore, the zwitterionic surfactant combined with the reaction product can be selected to promote emulsifying or non-emulsifying behavior when the composition is contacted with an oleic material. In appropriate amounts, amphoacetate surfactants, preferably amphodiacetate surfactants, can surprisingly provide non-emulsifying behavior when the composition is contacted with an oily material while maintaining resistance to high salinity aqueous fluids. Other zwitterionic surfactants can be mixed with the amphoacetate surfactant while maintaining brine resistance, provided that the amount of amphoacetate surfactant remains within an appropriate range to provide non-emulsifying behavior relative to the total amount of reaction product and total zwitterionic surfactant. For example, another type of zwitterionic surfactant can be mixed with the combination of reaction product and amphoacetate surfactant to further modify the properties of the composition while maintaining non-emulsifying behavior, for example, to reduce surface tension values ​​compared to those achieved with the amphoacetate surfactant alone.

[0013] Without being limited by theory, the reaction product produced from a saccharide polymer and a fatty acid or fatty acid ester may include at least one fatty acid ester saccharide polymer formed from the reaction between the saccharide polymer (e.g., a dextran or dextrin compound) and the fatty acid component of the fatty acid or fatty acid ester, which fatty acid ester saccharide polymer may then synergistically interact with a neutral surfactant to provide low surface tension values. As described herein, the reaction product may exhibit further synergy in combination with one or more zwitterionic surfactants, preferably at least one amphoacetate surfactant, providing further characteristics and advantages suitable for contacting the reaction product with aqueous fluids of high salinity.

[0014] To form the fatty acid ester saccharide polymer, the fatty acid ester may be first hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions to produce a fatty acid moiety or its salt form, which is then reacted with a saccharide polymer to form at least one fatty acid ester saccharide polymer reaction product. Alternatively, the fatty acid ester may be directly transesterified with the saccharide polymer to form at least one fatty acid ester saccharide polymer reaction product. In contrast, a free fatty acid or its salt form may be directly reacted with a saccharide polymer to form the fatty acid ester saccharide polymer reaction product described herein. Any one or more of the primary alcohol functional groups or secondary alcohol functional groups on the glucose monomer units of the saccharide polymer may react to form the fatty acid ester saccharide polymer reaction product disclosed herein.

[0015] During the process of forming a fatty acid ester saccharide polymer reaction product from a fatty acid ester such as an animal fat or vegetable oil, the alcohol component of the fatty acid ester may be released into the aqueous fluid during which the fatty acid ester saccharide polymer reaction product is being formed. The alcohol component may remain with the fatty acid ester saccharide polymer reaction product in the aqueous fluid or may be at least partially removed therefrom. Advantageously and surprisingly, the alcohol component released into the aqueous fluid does not significantly affect the low surface tension values ​​achievable when the fatty acid ester saccharide polymer reaction product is present together with the neutral surfactant, and the presence of the alcohol component does not significantly affect the brine resistance achieved through the disclosure herein. In fact, if a higher alcohol concentration is desired, one or more alcohols such as methanol, ethanol or other low molecular weight alcohols may be added to the composition. The alcohol component (e.g., glycerol) released into or added to the aqueous fluid may aid in solubilizing other components of the composition and / or other components mixed with the composition to produce various consumer and industrial products. The added alcohol component may also facilitate the breaking down process (demulsification) and aid in winterizing (freezing point depression) the composition, however, it should be understood that the compositions described herein may function satisfactorily without the added alcohol component.

[0016] Thus, the reaction products of the present disclosure can be advantageous because they are substantially biological, low cost, and can reduce surface tension values ​​when present in combination with a suitable neutral surfactant. For example, the reaction products of maltodextrin are a particularly useful class of dextrin-based reaction products because this saccharide polymer is low cost and in a convenient molecular weight range. A variety of fatty acids having a range of molecular weights may be used to produce reaction products with a range of HLB values. Furthermore, many fats, oils, and similar glycerol esters can serve as convenient and inexpensive sources for the fatty acid esters used in forming the saccharide polymer reaction products described herein, or the fatty acids derived therefrom. Similarly, the fats, oils, similar glycerol esters, and other fatty acid esters, as well as the amounts thereof, may be selected to facilitate tailoring of surfactant properties, such as, for example, modifying HLB values ​​and / or altering emulsification performance. Further, as noted above, the combination of one or more zwitterionic surfactants with the above compositions, including the selection of the particular zwitterionic surfactant(s) or amount thereof, can provide the composition with brine resistance and determine whether emulsifying or non-emulsifying behavior is achieved when contacted with an oily material.

[0017] Maltodextrin represents an advantageous saccharide polymer for use in the present disclosure due to its low cost, environmentally friendly nature, and the relative ease with which it can be chemically reacted with a variety of free fatty acids or fatty acids derived from fatty acid esters (e.g., glycerol esters). Depending on the fatty acid reacted with the maltodextrin, the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of the reaction product may range from about 5 to about 20 or more, where known molecular contributions may be used to calculate the HLB value. In addition to the variation in properties provided by the size and amount of fatty acid, maltodextrin is available in a variety of oligomer sizes (e.g., 3 to 20 glucose monomers, or up to about 25 glucose monomers), which may provide further property tuning. Thus, maltodextrin reaction products may be adapted for use under a wide range of conditions expected to be present in a given application. Dextran reaction products may offer similar advantages and characteristics to maltodextrin reaction products, such as the ability to provide low surface tension values.

[0018] Maltodextrins and other dextrin compounds suitable for use in the present disclosure may contain from 2 to about 20 glucose monomers, or up to about 25 glucose monomers, linked by α(1,4) glycosidic linkages. At least a portion of the glucose monomers may be linked to a fatty acid or a fatty acid ester (a fatty acid salt derived therefrom, e.g., C 4 -C 30 Fatty Acid or C 4 -C 20When contacted under suitable conditions with fatty acids, particularly salts of unbranched and optionally unsaturated fatty acids within this size range, a reaction product may form. Without being limited by theory, at least a portion of the glucose monomers in the dextrin compound may react to form a fatty acid ester dextrin compound, which may be present in the aqueous fluid in combination with unreacted fatty acid salts, if desired. When formed, the fatty acid ester dextrin reaction product may occur at any hydroxyl group of the dextrin compound, including any combination of primary and / or secondary hydroxyl groups. Hydroxyl groups of neutral surfactants may undergo similar esterification reactions under the same reaction conditions.

[0019] Dextran is a saccharide polymer characterized by having predominantly α(1,6) glycosidic linkages between adjacent glucose monomers, with a limited number of glucose side chains attached to the polymer backbone via α(1,3) glycosidic linkages. The α(1,3) glycosidic linkages may introduce crosslinks between adjacent saccharide polymer chains. Depending on the biological source, the degree of branching and molecular weight of dextran may vary widely, any of which may be used in the present disclosure. At least a portion of the glucose monomers in dextran are linked to fatty acids or fatty acid esters (fatty acid salts derived therefrom, e.g., C 4 -C 30 Fatty Acid or C 4 -C 20 When contacted under appropriate conditions with fatty acids, particularly including salts of unbranched and optionally unsaturated fatty acids within this size range, a reaction product may form. Without being limited by theory, in some embodiments, at least a portion of the glucose monomers may react to form fatty acid ester dextran, which may optionally be present in the aqueous fluid in combination with unreacted fatty acid salts. When formed, the fatty acid ester dextran reaction product may occur at any hydroxyl group of the dextran.

[0020] In some embodiments, the reaction products of the present disclosure may include dextrin compounds having 3 to about 20 glucose monomers, or up to about 25 glucose monomers, covalently linked by α(1,4) glycosidic bonds. The following formula (I) shows the general structure of dextrin compounds having only α(1,4) glycosidic bonds between adjacent glucose monomers, where the variable "a" is a positive integer ranging from 1 to about 18, thus providing 3 to about 20 glucose monomers in the dextrin backbone. For dextrin compounds containing up to 25 glucose monomers, the variable "a" may range from 1 to about 23. Although the terminal glucose units are shown in closed form, they may also be present in the corresponding reducing sugar (open chain or acyclic) form.

[0021] [ka]

[0022] Other dextrin compounds may contain only α(1,6) glycosidic linkages or a mixture of α(1,4) and α(1,6) glycosidic linkages, and such dextrin compounds may also be suitable for use in forming the saccharide polymer reaction products of the present application. Particularly suitable dextrins may have a molecular weight (e.g., Mn) in the range of about 1200 to about 1400 or about 1100 to about 1500.

[0023] In some or other embodiments, the saccharide polymer reaction product may include dextran obtained from any suitable source. The structure of dextran is shown below in Formula 2, but for clarity, the α(1,3) glycosidic linkages are not shown. The α(1,3) glycosidic linkages, when they occur, may be added as side chains of terminal glucose monomers to the α(1,6)-linked saccharide polymer backbone, may form crosslinks between adjacent α(1,6)-linked saccharide polymer backbones, may interrupt the α(1,6)-linked saccharide polymer backbones with α(1,3) glycosidic linkages, or any combination thereof. Depending on the source, up to about 5% of the glucose monomers may be linked by α(1,3) glycosidic linkages. Linkage by α(1,3) glycosidic linkages may occur on any glucose monomer. The numbering of the single glucose monomers is shown below in Formula 3.

[0024] [ka]

[0025] Suitable dextrans may have a molecular weight of about 1200, about 1400, about 5000 to about 50,000,000, or about 100,000 to about 20,000,000. Thus, the variable "b" may range from about 30 to about 300,000, depending on the particular dextran selected. Particularly suitable dextrans may have a molecular weight (e.g., Mn) in the range of about 1200 to about 1400, about 1100 to about 1500, about 1000 to about 100,000, about 100,000 to about 1,000,000, about 2,000,000 to about 5,000,000, or about 5,000,000 to about 50,000,000. Another suitable dextran may have a molecular weight of about 500,000 and an activity level of about 9%.

[0026] [ka]

[0027] The saccharide polymer may comprise maltodextrin according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. Maltodextrin may be characterized by its dextrose equivalent (DE) value. Dextrose equivalent is a measure of the amount of reducing sugar (e.g., glucose monomer) present in a saccharide polymer (especially dextrin) and is expressed as a percentage of dextrose. Dextrose itself has a dextrose equivalent of 100, whereas starch, which is functionally non-reducing, is defined as having a dextrose equivalent of 0. Dextrose equivalent may be calculated by dividing the molecular weight of glucose by Mn and multiplying the result by 100. A higher dextrose equivalent value is characteristic of a smaller number of covalently attached glucose monomers (a higher relative proportion of terminal reducing sugars due to a shorter polymer backbone length). Maltodextrins suitable for forming reaction products with one or more fatty acid esters described in the present disclosure may exhibit a dextrose equivalent value ranging from 3 to about 25, or from 3 to about 20. In more specific embodiments, the dextrose equivalent value of the maltodextrin may range from about 4.5 to about 7.0, or from about 7.0 to about 10.0, or from about 9.0 to about 12.0.

[0028] According to some embodiments, maltodextrins suitable for forming the reaction product may be obtained from hydrolysis or pyrolysis of starch, specifically the amylose component of starch. For example, maltodextrins having the formula (I) above may be formed by hydrolysis or pyrolysis of amylose. Alternatively, suitable dextrins may be obtained from hydrolysis or pyrolysis of the amylopectin component of starch, in which case the dextrin may contain α(1,6) glycosidic bonds if the dextrin is obtained by hydrolysis of amylopectin side chains. Starch that may provide dextrins may be obtained from any starch source.

[0029] Thus, the composition of the present disclosure may contain an aqueous fluid, a neutral surfactant or its reaction product form, and a reaction product of a saccharide polymer with a fatty acid or fatty acid ester, where the saccharide polymer contains a dextran, a dextrin compound, or any combination thereof, and the reaction product of the saccharide polymer with a fatty acid or fatty acid ester, and the reaction product form of the neutral surfactant, if present, is formed in the presence of a water-soluble hydroxide base. The one or more zwitterionic surfactants may be present in an amount sufficient to provide the composition with resistance to high salinity aqueous fluids, such as various brines, in combination with the reaction product. The resistance of the composition to high salinity aqueous fluids may be evidenced by the absence of precipitation of one or more components when the composition is contacted with high salinity aqueous fluids. To provide resistance to high salinity aqueous fluids, the amount of one or more zwitterionic surfactants may be maintained within an appropriate range to promote brine resistance, as discussed in more detail herein. Depending on the zwitterionic surfactant(s) and amount(s) selected, the compositions described herein may be brine-resistant and may further exhibit emulsifying or non-emulsifying behavior.

[0030] Aqueous fluids that may be used to form the compositions disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, water, salt water, a mixture of water and a water-miscible organic solvent, brine, or any combination thereof. On-site water or industrial process water with high salt content may be suitably used, such as produced water from a well. The compositions of the present disclosure may be formulated with aqueous fluids that already have high salt content, such that the composition remains stably formulated in the presence of high salt content (e.g., greater than 5% by weight salt based on the total mass of the aqueous fluid). Alternatively, the compositions of the present disclosure may be formulated with aqueous fluids that lack dissolved salts or are not considered to constitute a high salt content, and the composition may maintain salt tolerance (brine resistance) when exposed to an aqueous fluid having an amount of dissolved salt that is considered to constitute a high salt content.

[0031] Thus, the compositions disclosed herein may be further combined with or contacted with a brine. As used herein, the term "brine" refers to any aqueous salt solution having a greater amount of total dissolved salts than seawater. In non-limiting examples, suitable brines in the disclosure herein may contain about 5% or more total dissolved salts, about 7.5% or more total dissolved salts, about 10% or more total dissolved salts, about 12.5% ​​or more total dissolved salts, or about 15% or more total dissolved salts by weight. In more specific examples, the amount of total dissolved salts in the brine may range from about 7.5% to about 25% by weight, about 10% to about 20% by weight, about 7.5% to about 15% by weight, about 15% to about 25% by weight, or about 20% to about 30% by weight. Suitable brines include monovalent brines, divalent brines, or any combination thereof. Examples of salts that may be present in the brine include, but are not limited to, lithium chloride, lithium bromide, sodium chloride, sodium bromide, potassium chloride, potassium bromide, rubidium chloride, rubidium bromide, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, calcium chloride, calcium bromide, strontium chloride, strontium bromide, zinc chloride, cesium chloride, and any combination thereof. The density and viscosity of the brine may vary depending on the amount and type of salt dissolved therein. Brines suitable for use herein may have a pH ranging from about 1 to about 14, about 3 to about 12, about 4 to about 10, about 5 to about 9, or about 7 to about 8.

[0032] If the composition is formulated with an aqueous fluid that is not a brine, a brine having a total dissolved salt content within any of the aforementioned ranges may be contacted with the composition while maintaining both the saccharide polymer reaction product and the at least one zwitterionic surfactant in a dissolved state. Alternatively, a composition formulated with a first brine may be contacted with a second brine to achieve similar results.

[0033] The oily material that may be contacted with the composition under high salinity conditions (e.g., when the oily material is present in a brine-containing material) is not believed to be particularly limited. Exemplary oily materials include, for example, petroleum, refined petroleum, diesel, natural gas, vegetable oil, vegetable oil, oil field fluids or components thereof, or any combination thereof. Depending on the type and amount of one or more zwitterionic surfactants, an emulsion may or may not be formed when the composition described herein is contacted with a brine-containing material that contains an oily material. If formed, the emulsion may contain an oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion. Further details regarding the specific zwitterionic surfactants and the amounts thereof that may provide emulsifying or non-emulsifying performance are described below.

[0034] Examples of fatty acids (or fatty acid components within fatty acid esters) that may be suitable for forming the reaction products of the present disclosure include, for example, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, caprylic acid, pelabonic acid, capric acid, undecylic acid, lauric acid, tridecylic acid, myristic acid, pentadecylic acid, palmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, nonadecylic acid, arachidic acid, heneicosylic acid, benzoic ... acid), behenic acid, triosylic acid, lignoceric acid, pentacosylic acid, cerotic acid, carboceric acid, montanic acid, nonacosylic acid, melissic acid, crotonic acid, cervonic acid, linoleic acid, linolelaidic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, docosatetraenoic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, sapienic acid, vaccenic acid, paulic acid, oleic acid, pinoleic acid, stearidonic acid, eleostearic acid, elaidic acid, gondoic acid, gadoleic acid, erucic acid, eicosenoic acid, eicosadienoic acid, eicosatrienoic acid, eicosatetraenoic acid, docosadienoic acid, nervonic acid, mead acid, adrenic acid, and the like, and any combination thereof. Any of these fatty acids or their reaction product forms may be present in the compositions identified herein.

[0035] The fatty acid ester has at least one alcohol component and at least one fatty acid component (one or more fatty acid components containing at least one of the fatty acids listed above) that may be liberated under the alkaline conditions used to form the reaction product with the saccharide polymer. Suitable fatty acid esters for forming the reaction product are not believed to be particularly limited, provided that the fatty acid ester undergoes effective hydrolysis to release the alcohol component and one or more fatty acid components of the fatty acid ester. Suitable fatty acids derived from the fatty acid esters for forming the reaction products of the present disclosure may be selected (by selection of an appropriate fatty acid ester containing one or more desired fatty acids) to result in a reaction product having an HLB value in the range, such as an HLB value of about 5 to about 20. Exemplary types of fatty acid esters are shown below. Fatty acids derived from fatty acid esters have a molecular weight of about C 4 ~About C 30 Or about C 4 ~About C 20 Or about C 6 ~About C 18 or about C 8 ~About C 24 The fatty acids may be in the size range of 1 to 3, particularly unbranched fatty acids within these ranges. Fatty acids suitable for forming the reaction products according to the disclosure herein may be saturated or unsaturated. When the reaction product is formed from fatty acid esters sourced from a vegetable or animal oil, at least one unsaturated fatty acid, such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, or linolenic acid, may be present in the reaction product.

[0036] In some embodiments, the fatty acid ester used to form the reaction product may contain a glycerol ester, and glycerol may also be present in the composition formed therefrom. The glycerol ester may be subjected to alkaline hydrolysis to liberate glycerol as the alcohol component, and up to three carboxylic acid components per glycerol alcohol component may be liberated to undergo reaction with the saccharide polymer according to the disclosure herein. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the carboxylic acid components released from the glycerol ester may be the same or different, and / or at least one unsaturated fatty acid may be present in the carboxylic acid component. Thus, the reaction products and compositions described herein may further include glycerol, especially when the composition includes a reaction product formed from a glycerol fatty acid ester.

[0037] Glycerol esters suitable for forming reaction products or compositions according to the present disclosure are not believed to be particularly limited and may include any vegetable oil, animal oil, vegetable fat, animal fat, or any combination thereof that contains one or more desired fatty acids. The glycerol esters may undergo hydrolysis or transesterification reactions in the course of forming the reaction products with the saccharide polymers. Suitable glycerol esters may be present in vegetable or animal sources such as soybean oil, grape seed oil, olive oil, palm oil, rice bran oil, safflower oil, corn oil, coconut oil, sunflower seed oil, canola oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil, cottonseed oil, hazelnut oil, tea seed oil, linseed oil, sesame oil, acai oil, almond oil, beech nut oil, Brazil nut oil, cashew oil, macadamia nut oil, pecan oil, pine nut oil, pistachio oil, walnut oil, pumpkin seed oil, apricot oil, avocado oil, grapefruit oil, lemon oil, orange oil, mango oil, flax seed oil, fish oil, cocoa butter, hemp seed oil, castor oil, tall oil, beef tallow, buffalo tallow, sheep tallow, goat tallow, duck tallow, pork tallow, poultry tallow, and any combination thereof.

[0038] For example, soybean oil contains a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, primarily palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids, with the majority of fatty acids obtainable from soybean oil being composed of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, and linolenic). Palm oil contains approximately 50% saturated fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, and myristic acids) and approximately 50% unsaturated fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids). Coconut oil contains primarily saturated fatty acids (caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids) with less than 10% unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acids). Specific examples of fatty acid mixtures that may be present in the reaction products and compositions described herein include mixtures of these fatty acids. However, it should be understood that the compositions of the present disclosure are not limited to mixtures of the aforementioned fatty acids.

[0039] When glycerol esters are used as a direct (in situ) source of fatty acids for forming the reaction products of the present disclosure, glycerol may be present in the composition and products obtained therefrom. Optionally, glycerol may be at least partially removed from the aqueous fluids of the composition or product, as needed. Otherwise, the amount of glycerol present in the composition and product may be determined by the amount of glycerol esters present in forming the reaction product. For example, C 8 -C 24For glycerol esters containing fatty acids, particularly unbranched fatty acids in this size range, the weight percentage of glycerol in the glycerol ester may range from about 7% to about 17% by weight, based on the total mass of the glycerol esters used to form the saccharide polymer reaction product. Thus, the corresponding weight percentage of glycerol in the composition containing the reaction product may range from about 7.5% to about 20% by weight, as measured relative to the fatty acids derived from glycerol upon alkaline hydrolysis. Alternatively, the weight percentage of glycerol in the composition may be substantially equal, by mass, to the weight percentage of glycerol esters present in the reaction mixture, relative to the entire composition, since each glycerol ester may release one glycerol molecule into the composition upon complete hydrolysis. However, it should be understood that additional glycerol may be added to the composition beyond that liberated upon conversion of the glycerol fatty acid esters to the reaction product formed from the saccharide polymer, or that glycerol may be further added to the composition containing the reaction product prepared directly from the fatty acids.

[0040] In addition to glycerol, or as an alternative to glycerol, one or more additional alcohols may be present in the compositions described herein. In a non-limiting example, the one or more additional alcohols may be one or more C 1 -C 12 , C 1 -C 8 , or C 1 -C 4The composition may contain a monohydric or dihydric alcohol. Non-limiting examples of suitable alcohols include, but are not limited to, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, t-butanol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-2-butanol, cyclopentanol, cyclohexanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, etc. If present, the one or more additional alcohols may be present in an amount of about 10% by weight or less, about 5% by weight or less, or about 2% by weight or less based on the total weight of the composition.

[0041] Suitable hydroxide bases for forming the reaction product may include, for example, alkali metal hydroxides, such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or any combination thereof. There may be a stoichiometric excess or stoichiometric deficiency of the hydroxide base relative to the amount of fatty acid ester or fatty acid.

[0042] In the reaction product, the molar ratio of fatty acid or fatty acid derived from fatty acid ester to glucose monomer is 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー Based on about 0.05 or more moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー Based on approximately 0.08 or more moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー Based on about 0.1 or more moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー Based on about 0.2 or more moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー Based on about 0.3 or more moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー Based on approximately 0.4 or more moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー Based on approximately 0.5 or more moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー Based on approximately 0.6 or more moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー Based on approximately 0.7 or more moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマーor greater than about 0.8 based on moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー The maximum ratio of fatty acid to dextrin or dextran in the reaction product may be about 1.0 based on glucose monomers in most cases, although molar ratios greater than 1.0 are within the scope of the present disclosure. Thus, in some embodiments, the molar ratio of fatty acid to glucose monomers in the saccharide polymer reaction product is about 0.05 molar to about 0.9 molar. 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 1.0 mole 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.05 mole 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.9 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.05 mole 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.8 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.05 mole 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.7 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.05 mole 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.6 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.05 mole 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.5 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.05 mole 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.4 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.1 mol 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.9 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.1 mol 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.8 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.1 mol 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.7 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.1 mol 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー~ approx. 0.6 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.1 mol 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.5 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.1 mol 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.4 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.2 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.9 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.2 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.8 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.2 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.7 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.2 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.6 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.2 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.5 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.2 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.4 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.3 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.9 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.3 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.8 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.3 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.7 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.3 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.6 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.3 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.5 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.3 moles脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.4 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.4 mol 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.9 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.4 mol 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.8 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.4 mol 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.7 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.4 mol 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.6 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー or about 0.4 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー ~ approx. 0.5 moles 脂肪酸もしくは脂肪酸エステル中の脂肪酸 : Mole サッカライドポリマー中のグルコースモノマー The ratio may range from 0.1 to 0.5. The above ratio may represent the molar ratio of fatty acid reacted with dextran or dextrin compound. One or more hydroxyl groups per glucose monomer may react in some cases, especially at a molar ratio of 1.0 or more. At least a portion of the glucose monomers may remain unfunctionalized, especially at low molar ratios. Unreacted fatty acid, if present, may remain in the reaction product as a fatty acid salt of a hydroxide base.

[0043] Thus, the reaction products of the present disclosure may contain one or more fatty acid ester dextrins and / or one or more fatty acid ester dextran, optionally in further combination with a fatty acid salt (e.g., an alkali metal carboxylate) and / or a hydroxide base (e.g., an alkali metal hydroxide base). When fatty acid esters are used to form the reaction products, the hydroxide base may be present in at least a molar amount sufficient to react with at least a portion of the fatty acid esters to promote their hydrolysis and convert the fatty acid components of the fatty acid esters to fatty acid salts (e.g., an alkali metal carboxylate) for reaction with the saccharide polymer. Alternatively, the hydroxide base may be present in a molar amount sufficient to form a fatty acid salt (e.g., an alkali metal carboxylate) when forming the reaction products directly from free fatty acids. The alcohol component released from the fatty acid esters (e.g., glycerol) after hydrolysis may be present in combination with any reaction products as well. The hydroxide base may be neutralized with an acid or at least partially removed by washing, and the composition containing the reaction products may maintain a low surface tension even after neutralization or washing. Alcohol components, if present, may likewise be at least partially removed from reaction products and compositions, if desired, for example by distillation or solvent extraction.

[0044] Alternatively, other saccharide polymers may be used to form the reaction products in the compositions described herein.Other saccharide polymers that may be used in this regard include, but are not limited to, glycogen, guar, xanthan, welan, scleroglucan, chitosan, schizophyllan, levan, pectin, inulin, arabinoxylan, pullulan, gellan, carrageenan, chitin, cellulose, starch, or combinations thereof.Saccharide polymer fragments obtained from the above and containing about 3 to about 25 monomers per fragment may also be used to form the reaction products and compositions disclosed herein.

[0045] In some embodiments, the reaction products of the present disclosure may preferably facilitate reducing the surface tension of a neutral surfactant, preferably a fatty acid alkanolamide neutral surfactant, in an aqueous fluid, i.e., the reaction products may be present in the aqueous fluid at a concentration effective to reduce the surface tension of the neutral surfactant compared to the surface tension of the neutral surfactant alone at a substantially similar concentration in the aqueous fluid.

[0046] At the same time, the neutral surfactant or reaction product form thereof may be present at a concentration sufficient to solubilize the saccharide polymer in the aqueous fluid prior to forming the reaction product and the reaction product of the saccharide polymer with the fatty acid or fatty acid ester after reaction has occurred. In the compositions of the present disclosure, the neutral surfactant may be present at a concentration of about 20% by weight or less, about 10% by weight or less, or about 5% by weight or less, for example, about 1% to about 10% by weight, or about 3% to about 8% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

[0047] Suitable neutral surfactants may contain one or more fatty acid alkanolamide surfactants. Fatty acid alkanolamide surfactants that can be combined with the reaction product of the present disclosure to reduce surface tension include cocamide-based surfactants, such as cocamide diethanolamine, cocamide monoethanolamine, cocamide monoisopropanolamine, cocamide diisopropanolamine, etc. Cocamide diethanolamine (CocoDEA) or cocamide diisopropanolamine (CocoDIPA) can be particularly suitable neutral surfactants for use in the present disclosure. Other fatty acid amide alkanolamines (alkanolamides), such as palmitic acid amide diethanolamine, palmitic acid monoethanolamine, or palmitic acid diisopropanolamine, can also be suitable for use in the present disclosure.

[0048] Zwitterionic surfactants (also known as amphoteric surfactants) suitable for use in the present disclosure to promote brine resistance are not believed to be particularly limited in structure and may be selected from betaines and sultaines. Suitable betaines include amphoacetate surfactants, such as amphodiacetate surfactants, or any combination thereof, any of which may be further combined with other betaines, sultaines, or any combination thereof. When other betaines are present in combination with amphoacetate surfactants, the other betaines may contain surfactants that are not amphoacetate surfactants. Chemical formula 4A shows the structure of an amphoacetate surfactant, and chemical formula 4B shows the structure of an amphoacetate surfactant (R=hydrocarbyl group from a fatty acid).

[0049] [ka]

[0050] Specific examples of zwitterionic surfactants that may be suitable for use herein include, for example, cocamidopropyl betaine, alkanoyl hydroxysultaines (e.g., lauryl hydroxysultaine), cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, alkanoyl hydroxysultaines (e.g., lauramidopropyl hydroxysultaine), sodium cocoamphohydroxypropyl sulfonate, sodium cocoamphoacetate, disodium cocoamphodiacetate, etc. In more specific examples, sodium cocoamphoacetate and / or disodium cocoamphodiacetate may be present in the compositions described herein in combination with any one or more of the other betaine and / or sultan surfactants identified above.

[0051] In more specific examples, the compositions of the present disclosure may contain at least one amphoacetate, at least one amphodiacetate, or any combination thereof, any of the foregoing may be further combined with at least one betaine (preferably a betaine that is not an amphoacetate or amphodiacetate), at least one sultaine (e.g., a hydroxysultaine), or any combination thereof.

[0052] The one or more zwitterionic surfactants may be present in the composition in any amount sufficient to render the composition brine resistant. More specifically, the volume ratio of the one or more zwitterionic surfactants to the volume of the reaction product of the saccharide polymer and the fatty acid or fatty acid ester, or to the combined volume of the one or more zwitterionic surfactants and the reaction product of the saccharide polymer and the fatty acid or fatty ester, may be sufficient to render the composition brine resistant.

[0053] In some or other non-limiting examples, the one or more zwitterionic surfactants may be present in a volume ratio of about 0.2 or greater, about 0.3 or greater, about 0.4 or greater, about 0.5 or greater, about 0.6 or greater, about 0.7 or greater, about 0.8 or greater, or about 0.9 or greater, relative to the reaction product, such as from about 0.2 to about 1.6, from about 0.25 to about 0.75, from about 0.4 to about 0.7, or from about 1.0 to about 1.5. When at least one amphoacetate, e.g., amphodiacetate, or a combination thereof, is present in an amount sufficient to render the composition non-emulsifying with respect to oil-based fluids, the volume ratio of the at least one amphoacetate to the total zwitterionic surfactant plus saccharide polymer reaction products (i.e., the sum of the total zwitterionic surfactant and saccharide polymer reaction products) can range from about 0.1 to about 0.35, about 0.1 to about 0.30, about 0.12 to about 0.3, about 0.15 to about 0.2, about 0.16 to about 0.28, or about 0.2 to about 0.3. In further non-limiting examples, the amphoacetate can be present in a volume concentration of about 15% or less, about 10% or less, about 5% or less, about 2.5% or less, about 1% or less, or about 0.5% or less, respectively, based on the total volume of the composition.

[0054] The compositions described herein, once formed, may have a pH in the range of about 1 to about 14, e.g., about 1 to about 5, or about 5 to about 7, or about 7 to about 9, or about 9 to about 14. After forming a reaction product in accordance with the disclosure herein and / or after combining one or more zwitterionic surfactants with the reaction product, the pH may be increased or decreased as needed. In some cases, a decreased pH may result in lower surface tension values.

[0055] The reaction products of the present disclosure, which may include those formed by the reaction of one or more fatty acids or one or more fatty acid esters with dextrin compounds and / or dextran, may be prepared by a process that includes heating a saccharide polymer containing dextran, a dextrin compound (e.g., a dextrin compound containing from 3 to about 20 glucose monomers or up to about 25 glucose monomers linked together by α(1,4) glycosidic linkages, such as maltodextrin), or any combination thereof, a fatty acid or fatty acid ester, a neutral surfactant, (e.g., a fatty acid alkanolamide), and a hydroxide base in an aqueous fluid, and obtaining a reaction product of the saccharide polymer and the fatty acid or fatty acid ester in the aqueous fluid. The aqueous fluid may further include glycerol, which may be from the fatty acid ester used to form the reaction product, and / or additional glycerol or one or more other alcohols may be added separately to the reaction product. The reaction product may be present in the aqueous fluid at a concentration effective to reduce the surface tension of the neutral surfactant when measured relative to a comparable concentration of the neutral surfactant alone in the aqueous phase. For example, a 5% by weight aqueous solution of the neutral surfactant may have a higher surface tension than would a composition comprising 5% by weight of the neutral surfactant in combination with a surface tension reducing amount of the reaction product of the present disclosure. Any of the reaction products of the dextran or dextrin compounds may constitute saccharide polymers suitable for forming compositions having low surface tension and further containing at least one zwitterionic surfactant that promotes brine resistance in accordance with the disclosure herein. Heating may be performed at a temperature of about 100°C or less, for example, from about 50°C to about 80°C, from about 60°C to about 70°C, or from about 50°C to about 60°C.

[0056] In the presence of a neutral surfactant, the surface tension value of the reaction product of the present disclosure may be about 40 dyn / cm or less, about 38 dyn / cm or less, about 36 dyn / cm or less, about 34 dyn / cm or less, about 32 dyn / cm or less, about 30 dyn / cm or less, or about 28 dyn / cm or less. Alternatively, the surface tension value may be reduced by up to about 40%, by up to about 30%, by up to about 20%, by up to about 15%, or by up to about 10% compared to the surface tension of the neutral surfactant alone in an aqueous fluid at a comparable concentration. In certain examples, the surface tension value may be reduced by an amount of about 10% to about 25%, by about 10% to about 20%, or by about 15% to about 25%, when measured compared to the surface tension of the neutral surfactant alone in an aqueous fluid at substantially the same concentration as the neutral surfactant in the composition including the reaction product.

[0057] In forming the reaction product described herein, the method of the present disclosure may include combining a fatty acid or fatty acid ester, a hydroxide base, and a neutral surfactant in water to form a mixture, and heating the mixture until the fatty acid or fatty acid ester dissolves (e.g., by undergoing hydrolysis and / or by forming a fatty acid salt) to form a homogeneous mixture. A saccharide polymer may be combined with the fatty acid or fatty acid ester during this process, or the saccharide polymer may be combined with the homogeneous mixture after the homogeneous mixture is formed. Once the saccharide polymer is present in the homogeneous mixture, heating may be continued until the reaction product is sufficiently formed. The resulting aqueous phase may be directly utilized for further applications, after being concentrated, neutralized, or diluted as appropriate, or by further combining with additional ingredients for the specific formulation, such as the compositions disclosed herein. Formulations and products in which the compositions of the present disclosure may be used are discussed below. In some cases, the composition may at least partially replace another surfactant (e.g., a charged surfactant) in a specific formulation. In other examples, the composition may at least partially replace an ethoxylated alcohol surfactant in a formulation. (Underground processing work)

[0058] Recovery of hydrocarbon resources (such as oil and gas) from subterranean formations is often performed in conjunction with the introduction of one or more subterranean treatment chemicals downhole. As used herein, the terms "treat," "treatment," "treating," and grammatical equivalents refer to any compound, fluid, or combination thereof, that is introduced into a subterranean formation to achieve a desired function and / or for a desired purpose. An appropriate treatment chemical or treatment fluid may be selected based on the particular conditions that are present or expected to be present downhole.

[0059] The reaction products of the present disclosure, including reaction products formed from maltodextrin, other dextrin compounds, or dextran, may be formulated as subterranean treatment fluids that include one or more zwitterionic surfactants. The treatment fluids may be used in various subterranean treatment operations to facilitate or promote a desired outcome in a subterranean formation. As used herein, the term "treatment fluid" refers to any fluid used in a subterranean treatment operation that involves achieving a desired function and / or a desired objective. Unless otherwise specified, the use of the term "treatment fluid" does not imply any particular action by the treatment fluid or its components. Examples of treatment operations that may be facilitated by the use of the reaction products and compositions of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, drilling operations, stimulation operations, production operations, remediation operations, erosion control operations, and the like, which may include, for example, fracturing operations, gravel packing operations, acidizing operations, descaling operations, consolidation operations, workover operations, cleanup operations, bypass operations, and the like. Any of these treatment operations may feature emulsification, demulsification, modification of surface wetting properties downhole, or any combination thereof.

[0060] As used herein, the term "drilling operation" refers to the process of forming a well bore in a subterranean formation. As used herein, the term "drilling fluid" refers to a fluid used in drilling a well bore.

[0061] As used herein, the term "stimulation operations" refers to actions taken within a wellbore to increase production from the wellbore. As used herein, the term "stimulation fluids" refers to fluids used downhole during stimulation actions to increase production of hydrocarbon resources from a subterranean formation. In some cases, stimulation fluids may include fracturing fluids or acidizing fluids.

[0062] As used herein, the term "cleanup operation" or "damage control operation" refers to any operation to remove foreign material from a wellbore to increase production. As used herein, the term "cleanup fluid" or "damage control fluid" refers to a fluid used to remove unwanted material from a wellbore that blocks the flow of desired fluids. In one example, the cleanup fluid can be an acid treatment fluid to remove material resulting from one or more drilling treatments. In another example, the cleanup fluid can be used to remove filter cake on the wellbore wall. For example, the composition of the present disclosure may promote the liberation of hydrocarbon resources from a subterranean formation by altering surface wetting characteristics to promote wellbore cleanup. In another embodiment, a treatment fluid containing the composition of the present disclosure may be introduced into a subterranean formation in an emulsified form and subsequently broken down (demulsified) therein to promote desired action within the subterranean formation. In yet another embodiment, the treatment fluid may promote the demulsification of downhole fluids, such as emulsified hydrocarbon resources.

[0063] As used herein, the term "fracturing operation" refers to a high pressure operation that creates or extends multiple flow paths within a subterranean formation. As used herein, the term "fracturing fluid" refers to a fluid of increased viscosity that is used in conjunction with a fracturing operation. A number of proppant particulates may be present in the fracturing fluid to maintain the flow paths created or extended by the fracturing operation in an open condition.

[0064] As used herein, the term "remediation operation" refers to any operation designed to maintain, increase, or restore a particular production rate from a well, which may include stimulation or cleanup operations. As used herein, the term "remediation fluid" refers to any fluid used in conjunction with a remediation operation.

[0065] As used herein, the term "acid treatment operation" refers to any operation designed to remove acid soluble material from a wellbore (e.g., acid soluble material that comprises at least a portion of a subterranean formation). As used herein, the term "acid treatment fluid" refers to a fluid used during an acid treatment operation. Mineral acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid or hydrobromic acid) or organic acids may be present in compositions used in the acid treatment of carbonate formations, whereas hydrofluoric acid may be present in compositions used in the acid treatment of siliceous formations.

[0066] As used herein, the term "spotting fluid" refers to a fluid designed for localized treatment of a subterranean formation. In one example, the spotting fluid may include a lost circulation agent for treatment of a specific portion of a wellbore, such as to plug fractures and prevent sinking in the wellbore. In another example, the spotting fluid may include a water control material or a material designed to clear plugs in drilling or extraction equipment.

[0067] As used herein, the term "completion fluid" refers to fluids (including cementing compositions and cementing fluids) used during the completion stage of a well.

[0068] As used herein, the term "cementing fluid" refers to a fluid used during cementing operations in the wellbore.

[0069] The compositions of the present disclosure may also be used in conjunction with enhanced oil recovery (EOR) operations. When used in conjunction with EOR operations, the reaction products of the present disclosure may alter surface wetting within subterranean formations to enhance recovery of hydrocarbon resources from the formations.

[0070] In any of the aforementioned treatment operations, the treatment fluid may be foamed. Foamed fracturing fluids may be advantageous, for example, in transporting proppant particulates into the wellbore, as compared to treatment fluids with increased viscosity. When foamed, the treatment fluid may have a foam quality ranging from about 1% to about 99%. The foaming process may be further enhanced by incorporating a zwitterionic surfactant into the composition.

[0071] The compositions of the present disclosure may be present in any of the treatment fluids described above. Treatment fluids of the present disclosure may be characterized by a concentration of the composition of about 0.1 gpt (per thousand gallons) to about 10 gpt, or about 0.1 gpt to about 1 gpt, or about 0.2 gpt to about 0.5 gpt. These concentrations correspond to volume percents ranging from about 0.01% to about 1%, or about 0.01% to about 0.1%, or about 0.02% to about 0.05%. The concentration selected may vary depending on the specific requirements for a given treatment operation and / or the unique subsurface conditions encountered downhole. In some examples, the reaction product may be present in a concentration effective to reduce the surface tension of a neutral surfactant also present in the treatment fluid.

[0072] Treatment fluids including the reaction products of the present disclosure may optionally further contain any number of additives that may be used in the oil field service industry. Examples of additives that may be present in the treatment fluid in combination with the reaction products of the present disclosure include, for example, surfactants, viscosity enhancers, gelling agents, gel stabilizers, antioxidants, polymer degradation inhibitors, relative permeability modifiers, scale inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, chelating agents, foaming agents, defoamers, antifoaming agents, emulsifiers, demulsifiers, iron control agents, proppants or other particulates, particulate diverters, salts, acids, fluid loss control additives, gases, catalysts, other clay control agents, dispersants, flocculants, scavengers (e.g., H 2 S Scavenger, CO 2 Scavenger or O 2Examples of suitable additives include scavengers, lubricants, breakers, friction reducers, crosslinkers, extenders, solubilizers, pH adjusters (e.g., buffers), hydrate inhibitors, caking agents, bactericides, and the like, as well as any combination thereof. Suitable examples of these additives will be known to those skilled in the art. (Other products)

[0073] The composition of the present disclosure, which contains the reaction product of dextrin compounds, dextran, or any combination thereof, together with fatty acid or fatty acid ester, can be incorporated into a wide range of industrial or consumer products in which surfactants can be used.Given the relatively harmless nature of the biomolecules present in the compositions disclosed herein, personal care products may represent the beneficial types of products in which the compositions of the present disclosure can be present.Exemplary industrial and consumer products in which the above can be present are further presented below.

[0074] An adjuvant is a composition used in combination with an active agent to increase the effect or potency of the active agent. In non-limiting examples, the active agent may be a pharmaceutical compound, a personal care compound, or an agricultural compound.

[0075] The compositions of the present disclosure may be present in an adjuvant composition in which various types of surfactants may be used. The foregoing may replace surfactants used in the adjuvant composition or may be used in combination with surfactants already present in the adjuvant composition. In the adjuvant composition, the compositions may be present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 20% by weight, about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, about 1% to about 15% by weight, or about 5% to about 20% by weight of the total adjuvant composition.

[0076] The active compound may be present in the adjuvant composition, or the adjuvant composition may be applied separately from the active compound, in which case the adjuvant composition may be applied before or after the active compound.

[0077] Examples of suitable additional components that may be present in the adjuvant composition comprising the reaction product of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, other surfactants, antifoam compounds, particulates, metal oxides (e.g., silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, etc.), electrolytes, salts, organic solvents, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, demulsifiers, penetrants, preservatives, colorants, acids, bases, buffers, chelating agents, viscosity enhancers, thixotropes, stabilizers, film formers, plasticizers, antioxidants, and the like, as well as any combination thereof. Other surfactants that may be present in the adjuvant composition are not particularly limited and may include any one or combination of cationic, anionic, neutral, or zwitterionic surfactants.

[0078] A foaming agent is a composition in which a large volume of gas is stably dispersed in the form of bubbles of various sizes in a relatively small volume of liquid, or a composition in which bubbles can be formed by the appropriate introduction of gas (foamable formulation).

[0079] The composition of the present disclosure may be present in a foaming agent in which various types of surfactants may be used. The foregoing may replace surfactants used in the foaming agent or may be used in combination with surfactants already present in the foaming agent. In the foaming agent, the composition may be present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 20% by weight, about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, about 1% to about 15% by weight, or about 5% to about 20% by weight of the total foaming agent.

[0080] The foaming agent may comprise any combination of cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, or neutral surfactants. The compositions disclosed herein may be present in the foaming agent with any cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, neutral surfactants, or any combination of two or more of these surfactants. Alternatively, the compositions disclosed herein may replace all or part of any one or more of these surfactants in the foaming agent. The compositions may, for example, replace or be used in combination with sulfosuccinate type surfactants in some foaming agent embodiments.

[0081] Examples of suitable additional ingredients that may be present in the foaming agent comprising the composition of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, other surfactants, amines (any one or combination of primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, diethanolamines, triethanolamines, ethoxylated amines, and amidoamines), foam boosters (e.g., amine oxides), solvents, water, salts, skin conditioners (e.g., ethylhexylglycerin, hydroxyethylurea, urea, panthenol, glycerin, isopropyl myristate, propylene glycol, tocopherol acetate, and polyquaternium-11), moisturizers, liquefied gases, supercritical gases, acids, bases, buffers, chelating agents, and the like, and any combination thereof. Suitable examples of these additional ingredients will be known to those skilled in the art. Other surfactants that may be present in the foaming agent are not particularly limited and may include any one or combination of cationic, anionic, neutral, or zwitterionic surfactants.

[0082] Hard surface cleaners are compositions that can be used to remove a variety of materials from surfaces such as glass, metal, plastic, stone, concrete, etc. Hard surfaces that can be cleaned with hard surface cleaners include, for example, windows, counters, appliances, floors, driveways, toilets, showers and bathtubs, sinks, etc. The materials that can be removed from these types of hard surfaces are wide-ranging and include, but are not limited to, dirt, grease, soap scum, limescale and similar hard water deposits.

[0083] The composition of the present disclosure may be present in a hard surface cleaner where various types of surfactants may be used. The aforementioned may replace surfactants used in the hard surface cleaner or may be used in combination with surfactants already present in the hard surface cleaner. In the hard surface cleaner, the composition may be present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 20% by weight, about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, about 1% to about 15% by weight, or about 5% to about 20% by weight of the total hard surface cleaner.

[0084] Examples of suitable additional components that may be present in hard surface cleaners including the reaction products of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, other surfactants, foaming compounds, antifoam compounds, salts (e.g., alkali metal carbonates), organic solvents (e.g., glycols or glycol ethers), wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, demulsifiers, colorants, acids, bases, buffers, chelating agents, anti-streaking agents, alkanolamines, and the like, as well as any combination thereof. Other surfactants that may be present in the hard surface cleaners are not particularly limited and may be any one or combination of cationic, anionic, neutral, or zwitterionic surfactants.

[0085] Skin creams and lotions are compositions that may moisturize or improve the appearance of the skin. Skin creams and lotions include gels formulated for application to the skin, which may have a higher viscosity than creams or lotions.

[0086] The compositions of the present disclosure may be present in skin creams and lotions where surfactants may be used. The foregoing may replace surfactants used in the skin cream or lotion, or may be used in combination with surfactants already present in the skin cream or lotion. In the skin cream or lotion, the compositions may be present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 20% by weight, about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, about 1% to about 15% by weight, or about 5% to about 20% by weight of the total skin cream or lotion.

[0087] Examples of suitable additional ingredients that may be present in the skin creams or lotions disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, other surfactants, emulsifiers, essential oils, waxes, fats, solvents, viscosity enhancers, monoalcohols, diols, polyols, diol ethers and polyol ethers, milk proteins, emollients, moisturizers, skin conditioners, preservatives, acids, bases, buffers, chelating agents, thickeners, vitamins, lubricants, wrinkle removers, moisturizers, radical inhibitors and other antioxidants, vitamin A, vitamin E, ceramides, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols, hyaluronic acid, sodium pyroglutamic acid, glycerin, aloe vera, fragrances, colorants, sunscreens, and the like, and any combination thereof. Other surfactants that may be present in the skin creams and lotions are not particularly limited and may be any one or combination of cationic, anionic, neutral, or zwitterionic surfactants. The reaction product may replace at least a portion of one or more existing surfactants in the skin cream or lotion, or may supplement the amount of one or more existing surfactants in the skin cream or lotion.

[0088] Personal washes and shampoos are cleansing compositions formulated for application to the skin or hair. Liquid soaps for more generalized personal cleansing are similar in composition to some personal washes and shampoos and may be formulated using many of the same ingredients.

[0089] The composition of the present disclosure may be present in body washes, shampoos and liquid soaps where surfactants may be used. The above may replace the surfactants used in the body washes, shampoos or liquid soaps, or may be used in combination with surfactants already present in the body washes, shampoos or liquid soaps. In the body washes, shampoos or liquid soaps, the composition may be present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 20% by weight, about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, about 1% to about 15% by weight, or about 5% to about 20% by weight of the total body washes, shampoos or liquid soaps.

[0090] Examples of suitable additional ingredients that may be present in the personal wash, shampoo, or liquid soap disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, other surfactants, conditioners, amidoamines, fragrances, colorants, essential oils, foaming agents, humectants, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols, waxes, biocides, soaps, preservatives, acids, bases, buffers, chelating agents, thickeners, vitamins, pearling agents, viscosity enhancers, moisturizers, antioxidants, sunscreens, and the like, as well as any combination thereof. Illustrative personal washes, shampoos, and liquid soaps may contain water, an effective amount of the composition (optionally further combined with another surfactant), 0-4% pearling agent, 0-1% suspending aid, 0-2% fragrance, 0-0.25% chelating agent, 0-1% preservative, 0-2% colorant, and 0-25% conditioner. Other surfactants that may be present in personal washes, shampoos, and liquid soaps are not particularly limited and may be any one or combination of cationic, anionic, neutral, or zwitterionic surfactants.

[0091] Sunscreens are substances that can be applied to the skin to protect it from the sun. Sunscreens may be formulated as creams or in "stick" form with a suitable wax base for application to the skin.

[0092] The compositions of the present disclosure (e.g., dextrin (dextrin compound) or reaction product of dextran and fatty acid ester, as identified above, in combination with a neutral or zwitterionic surfactant) may be present in sunscreens where surfactants may be used. The foregoing may replace surfactants used in the sunscreen or may be used in combination with surfactants already present in the sunscreen. In the sunscreen, the compositions may be present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 20%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 1% to about 15%, or about 5% to about 20% by weight of the total sunscreen.

[0093] Examples of suitable additional ingredients that may be present in the sunscreen include, but are not limited to, other surfactants, conditioners, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, organic UV absorbers, film formers, solvents, aerosol propellants, waxes, fats, oils, moisturizers, fragrances, colorants, essential oils, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols, preservatives, acids, bases, buffers, chelating agents, thickeners, insect repellents, skin conditioners, and the like, as well as any combination thereof. Other surfactants that may be present in the sunscreen are not particularly limited and may be any one or combination of cationic, anionic, neutral, or zwitterionic surfactants.

[0094] Organic UV absorbers that may be present in the sunscreen in combination with the composition include, but are not limited to, para-aminobenzoic acid, avobenzone, cinoxate, dioxybenzone, homosalate, menthyl anthranilate, octyl salicylate, oxybenzone, padimate O, phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid, sulisobenzone, trolamine salicylate, diethanolamine methoxycinnamate, digalloyl trioleate, ethyl dihydroxypropyl PABA, glyceryl aminobenzoate, dihydroxyacetone containing lawsone, red petrolatum, ethylhexyl triazone, dioctyl butamide triazone, benzylidene malonate polysiloxane, terephthalide dicamphor sulfonic acid, phenyl dibenzimidazole tetrasulfonate disodium, diethyl a Aminohydroxybenzoylhexyl benzoate, bisdiethylaminohydroxybenzoyl benzoate, bisbenzoxazolylphenylethylhexyliminotriazine, drometrizole trisiloxane, methylenebisbenzotriazolyltetramethylbutylphenol, and bisethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, 4-methoxycinnamate isopentyl, phenylbenzimidazole sulfonate, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonate, 4-(2-β-glucopyrano-siloxy)propoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone, bis-sodium phenylene-1,4-bis(2-benzimidazyl)-3,3'-5,5'-tetrasulfonate phenylene-1,4-bis(2-benzimidazyl)-3,3′-5,5′-tetrasulfonate, 2-ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate, 4-tert-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane, octocrylene, 2,4-bis-[{4-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-2-hydroxy}-phenyl]-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol, 2,4,6-tris-[4-(2-ethylhexyloxycarbonyl)anilino]-1,3,5-triazine, diethylaminohydroxybenzoylhexyl benzoate, oxybenzone, and dihydroxydimethoxybenzophenone, and mixtures thereof.

[0095] Still other organic UV absorbers that may be suitable for inclusion in the sunscreen include, but are not limited to, bis-resorcinyl triazine; benzimidazole derivatives; 4-methylbenzylidene camphor; benzoylpiperazine derivatives; benzoxazole derivatives; diarylbutadiene derivatives; phenylbenzotriazole derivatives; benzylidene malonate; TEA-salicylate; imidazoline derivatives; naphthalates; merocyanine derivatives; aminobenzophenone derivatives; dibenzoylmethane derivatives; β,β-diphenylacrylate derivatives; camphor derivatives; salicylate derivatives; anthranilate derivatives; and benzalmalonate derivatives.

[0096] In addition to formulations that are sunscreens alone, the compositions of the present disclosure may be present in sunscreens that are incorporated into other products (e.g., lotions, colognes, cosmetics, personal washes, shampoos, and the like).

[0097] Hair gels and hair sprays are preparations that can be used to hold hair in place or, if desired, to detangle hair. Hair sprays are in aerosolized form, while hair gels are thick fluids that can be applied by hand.

[0098] The compositions of the present disclosure may be present in hairsprays and hair gels where surfactants may be used. The foregoing may replace surfactants used in the hairspray or hair gel, or may be used in combination with surfactants already present in the hairspray or hair gel. In the hairspray or hair gel, the compositions may be present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 20% by weight, about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, about 1% to about 15% by weight, or about 5% to about 20% by weight of the total hair gel or hairspray.

[0099] Examples of suitable additional ingredients that may be present in hair sprays or hair gels include, but are not limited to, other surfactants, cellulosic biopolymers, water soluble polymers, polyalkylene glycols, polyalkylene glycol esters, conditioning agents, emollients, moisturizers, emulsifiers, opacifiers, thickening agents, foam stabilizers, viscosity enhancers, sequestering agents, antioxidants, antidandruff agents, suspending agents, proteins, fragrances, sunscreens, plant extracts, essential oils, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols, preservatives, acids, bases, buffers, chelating agents, thickeners, vitamins, waxes, oils, aerosol propellants, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, vinyl acetate-crotonic acid copolymers, acrylic acid copolymers, plasticizers, alcohols, and the like, and any combination thereof. Other surfactants that may be present in hair sprays and hair gels are not particularly limited and may be any one or combination of cationic, anionic, neutral, or zwitterionic surfactants.

[0100] One or more examples of hair sprays or hair gels may contain the compositions of the present disclosure and one or more of cetearyl alcohol, behentrimonium chloride, cyclopentasiloxane, dimethicone, ethylhexyl isononanoate, behenyl alcohol, meadowfoam oil, cyclohexasiloxane, olive fruit oil, almond oil, stearamidopropyl dimethylamine, behentrimonium methosulfate, amodimethicone, panthenol, glycol stearate, ceteth-2, hydroxyethylcellulose, phenoxyethanol, methylparaben, propylparaben, citric acid, mica, titanium dioxide, iron oxides, fragrance, or any combination thereof.

[0101] One or more examples of hair sprays or hair gels may contain the compositions of the present disclosure and one or more of cyclomethicone, jojoba esters, dimethicone copolyol, nonfat dry milk, soy protein, stearic acid, caprylic / capric / stearic triglyceride, jojoba oil, hybrid sunflower oil, cetearyl alcohol, glyceryl stearate, PEG-40 stearate, aloe vera gel, acrylates / C10-30 alkyl acrylates crosspolymer, propylene glycol, tocopheryl acetate, methylparaben, propylparaben, fragrance, or any combination thereof.

[0102] Cosmetics are preparations that can be used to change or improve appearance. Examples of cosmetics include, but are not limited to, lipstick, blusher, mascara, foundation, eyeliner, etc. Forms of cosmetics can include, for example, emulsions, creams, gels, dispersions, sticks, etc. Suitable emulsions in cosmetics can include oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions.

[0103] The composition of the present disclosure may be present in various types of cosmetics in which surfactants may be used. The aforementioned may replace surfactants used in cosmetics or may be used in combination with surfactants already present in the cosmetics. In cosmetics, the composition may be present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 20% by weight, about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, about 1% to about 15% by weight, or about 5% to about 20% by weight of the total cosmetic.

[0104] Examples of suitable additional ingredients that may be present in the cosmetic include, but are not limited to, other surfactants, fragrances, preservatives, colorants, UV absorbers, moisture retaining agents, emulsifiers, gelling agents, oils, thickeners, foam stabilizers, viscosity enhancers, sequestering agents, antioxidants, suspending agents, proteins, fragrances, sunscreens, plant extracts, essential oils, fats (e.g., shea butter, mango seed butter, and cocoa butter), fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols, biocides, soaps, acids, bases, buffers, chelating agents, thickeners, vitamins, waxes (e.g., myristyl myristate, tea leaf extract, jojoba, sunflower seed, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, and beeswax), and the like, and any combination thereof. Some examples of ingredients that may be present in the cosmetic product may include, for example, fatty higher alcohols such as cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and behenyl alcohol; higher fatty acids, including caprylic / capric triglyceride, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid; hydrocarbons, including ceresin; natural oils, including meadowfoam oil, sunflower seed oil, macadamia seed oil, green tea seed oil, ginger oil, ginseng oil, coconut oil, olive oil, and camellia oil; esters, including di(phytosteryl / octyldodecyl) lauroyl glutamate, isostearyl isostearate, methylheptyl isostearate, dicaprylyl carbonate, and isopropyl palmitate; ethers, including dicaprylyl ether; silicone oils, including dimethicone, cyclopentasiloxane, cyclohexasiloxane, phenyl trimethicone, trisiloxane, and methyl trimethicone; and hydrocarbons, including squalane. Other surfactants that may be present in the cosmetic product are not particularly limited and may be any one or combination of cationic, anionic, neutral, or zwitterionic surfactants. The cosmetic product of the present disclosure may be formulated in any suitable form, including sticks, creams, powders, gels, etc.

[0105] Deodorants and antiperspirants are formulations that can be used to control body odor. The deodorants and antiperspirants of the present disclosure may be formulated in stick, gel, powder or aerosolizable form.

[0106] The compositions of the present disclosure may be present in deodorants and antiperspirants where surfactants may be used. The foregoing may replace surfactants used in the deodorant or antiperspirant, or may be used in combination with surfactants already present in the deodorant or antiperspirant. In the deodorant or antiperspirant, the emulsion composition and emulsified fluid may be present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 20% by weight, about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, about 1% to about 15% by weight, or about 5% to about 20% by weight of the total deodorant or antiperspirant.

[0107] Examples of suitable additional ingredients that may be present in the deodorants or antiperspirants disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, other surfactants, aluminum salts (e.g., alum, aluminum chloride, aluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum-zirconium compounds, and aluminum-zirconium tetrachlorohydrex glycine), antimicrobials, parabens, alcohols, propylene glycol, hexamethylenetetramine, acids, bases, buffers, chelating agents, fragrances, preservatives, colorants, moisture absorbents (desiccant), emulsifiers, gelling agents, oils, thickeners, foam stabilizers, viscosity enhancers, sequestering agents, antioxidants, suspending agents, fragrances, essential oils, fats, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, fatty alcohols, waxes, and the like, and any combination thereof. Other surfactants that may be present in the deodorants and antiperspirants are not particularly limited and may be any one or combination of cationic, anionic, neutral, or zwitterionic surfactants. The deodorants and antiperspirants of the present disclosure may be formulated in any suitable form, including sticks, creams, powders, gels, and the like.

[0108] The compositions of the present disclosure may find exemplary uses and formulations outside the realm of personal care as well. In addition to the oil field applications described above, the compositions of the present disclosure may be incorporated into applications where metal sequestration from fluids is required (e.g., during froth flotation processes). Froth flotation processes may be performed in a variety of cases (such as mining effluent treatment or water treatment). In such applications, the compositions of the present disclosure may replace surfactants used in froth flotation or may be used in combination with surfactants already present in the froth flotation process. In a given froth flotation process, the compositions may be present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 20% by weight, about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, about 1% to about 15% by weight, or about 5% to about 20% by weight of the total froth flotation fluid.

[0109] In some examples, the compositions of the present disclosure may be utilized in rougher and cleaner circuits to aid in the dispersion of clay, water conditioning, additive enhancement, and / or emulsification of metal inhibitors (e.g., Mn and Fe). Any conventional foaming agent may be utilized in combination with the compositions disclosed herein. Details regarding suitable foaming agents and foaming agents will be well known to those skilled in the art.

[0110] Embodiments disclosed herein include:

[0111] A. A composition comprising a reaction product of a saccharide polymer, the composition comprising: an aqueous fluid; a neutral surfactant or a reaction product form thereof; a reaction product of a saccharide polymer and a fatty acid or fatty acid ester, where the saccharide polymer comprises a dextran, a dextrin compound or any combination thereof, the reaction product of the saccharide polymer and the fatty acid or fatty acid ester, and the reaction product form of the neutral surfactant, if present, is formed in the presence of a hydroxide base; and one or more zwitterionic surfactants, where the volume ratio of the one or more zwitterionic surfactants to the combined volume of the reaction product of the saccharide polymer and the fatty acid or fatty acid ester is sufficient to render the composition brine resistant.

[0112] A1. An underground treatment fluid containing the composition of A.

[0113] A personal care product containing the composition of A2.A.

[0114] B. A method of compatibilizing a composition with brine, the method comprising: providing the composition of A; and contacting the composition with a brine-containing material.

[0115] C. A method of forming a brine resistant composition, the method comprising: providing at least one zwitterionic surfactant; providing an aqueous surfactant composition containing a reaction product of a saccharide polymer and a fatty acid or fatty acid ester in an aqueous fluid, the aqueous surfactant composition also containing a neutral surfactant or its reaction product form; and combining the at least one zwitterionic surfactant and the aqueous surfactant composition with brine to form a mixed surfactant composition, wherein a volume ratio of the one or more zwitterionic surfactants to the combined volume of the one or more zwitterionic surfactants and the reaction product of the saccharide polymer and the fatty acid or fatty acid ester is sufficient to render the mixed surfactant composition brine resistant.

[0116] Embodiments A, A1, A2, B, and C may include one or more of the following further embodiments in any combination.

[0117] Element 1: The composition is non-emulsifying towards oily fluids.

[0118] Element 1A: The brine-containing material contains an oily material.

[0119] Element 1B: The oleaginous material contains petroleum, natural gas, oil field fluids, or any combination thereof.

[0120] Element 2: The one or more zwitterionic surfactants contain at least one amphoacetate, at least one amphodiacetate, or any combination thereof.

[0121] Element 3: The one or more zwitterionic surfactants further contain at least one betaine, at least one sultaine, or any combination thereof.

[0122] Element 4: The one or more zwitterionic surfactants contain at least one amphoacetate, at least one amphodiacetate, or any combination thereof, and the volume ratio of the at least one amphoacetate, at least one amphodiacetate, or any combination thereof to the total volume of the one or more zwitterionic surfactants and the reaction product of the saccharide polymer and the fatty acid or fatty acid ester is in the range of about 0.1 to about 0.3.

[0123] Element 5: The volume ratio of the at least one amphoacetate, at least one amphodiacetate, or any combination thereof to the combined volume of the one or more zwitterionic surfactants and the reaction product of a saccharide polymer and a fatty acid or fatty acid ester is in the range of about 0.2 to about 0.3.

[0124] Element 6: The one or more zwitterionic surfactants further contain at least one betaine, at least one sultaine, or any combination thereof.

[0125] Element 7: A reaction product is formed from the fatty acid ester, and the reaction product further contains glycerol.

[0126] Element 8: The fatty acid ester comprises a glycerol ester containing up to three fatty acids having from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms.

[0127] Element 9: The reaction product is formed from at least one fatty acid having from about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms.

[0128] Element 10: The neutral surfactant or reaction product form thereof is present in a concentration sufficient to solubilize the reaction product of the saccharide polymer and the fatty acid or fatty acid ester in the aqueous fluid.

[0129] Element 11: The saccharide polymer comprises a dextrin compound, and the dextrin compound comprises maltodextrin.

[0130] Element 12: The maltodextrin has a dextrose equivalent value of about 3 to about 25.

[0131] Element 13: The saccharide polymer reaction product comprises a fatty acid ester saccharide polymer reaction product.

[0132] Element 14: The neutral surfactant contains a fatty acid alkanolamide.

[0133] Element 15: The fatty acid alkanolamide contains a compound selected from the group consisting of cocamide diethanolamine, cocamide monoethanolamine, cocamide diisopropanolamine, palmitamide diethanolamine, palmitamide monoethanolamine, palmitamide diisopropanolamine, and any combination thereof.

[0134] Element 16: The aqueous fluid contains brine.

[0135] As non-limiting examples, exemplary combinations applicable to A, A1, A2, B, and C include: 1 or 1A, and 2; 1 or 1A, 2 and 3; 1 or 1A, and 4; 1 or 1A, 4 and 5; 1 or 1A, and 4-7; 1 or 1A, and 7 or 9; 1 or 1A, and 10; 1 or 1A, and 11; 1 or 1A, and 13; 1 or 1A, and 14; 1 or 1A, 14 and 15; 1 or 1A, and 16; 2 and optionally 3, and 4; 2 and optionally 3, and 4 and 5; 2 and optionally 3, and 7 or 9; 2 and optionally 3, and 10; 2 and optionally 3, and 11; 2 and optionally 3, and 13; 2 and optionally 3, and 14; 2 and optionally 3, and 14 and 15; 2 and optionally Examples of suitable nucleotide sequences include, but are not limited to, 3, and 16; 4, or 4 and 5, or 4-7, and 7 or 9; 4, or 4 and 5, or 4-7, and 10; 4, or 4 and 5, or 4-7, and 11; 4, or 4 and 5, or 4-7, and 13; 4, or 4 and 5, or 4-7, and 14; 4, or 4 and 5, or 4-7, and 14 and 15; 4, or 4 and 5, or 4-7, and 16; 10 and 11; 10 and 13; 10 and 14; 10, and 14 and 15; 10 and 16; 11 and 13; 11 and 14; 11, and 14 and 15; 11 and 16; 13 and 14; 13 and 14 and 15; 13 and 16; 14 and 15; 14 and 16; and 15 and 16.

[0136] In order to facilitate a further understanding of the disclosure herein, examples of various representative embodiments are set forth below, which should not be construed as limiting or defining the scope of the invention. (Example)

[0137] Example 1: Representative procedure for preparation of maltodextrin reaction products with glycerol esters. 25.00 g of fatty acid alkanolamide surfactant and 10.00 g of KOH (45% active solution) were mixed in water. The reaction mixture was mechanically stirred and heated to 65°C. Soybean oil and 150.0 g of maltodextrin (MALTRIN M100, Grain Processing Corporation, Muscatine, Iowa; DE=9.0-12.0) as a 30% active solution were then added to the reaction mixture. The amount of soybean oil was selected to give a HLB of 12 or 16 upon formation of the reaction product. The amount of water was selected to give a surfactant concentration of 5 wt%, fatty acid ester (oil) concentration of 2.5 wt%, and maltodextrin concentration of 10 wt%, based on the total reactants. Once the maltodextrin was dissolved, heating was discontinued and the reaction mixture was stirred until it reached room temperature. The resulting aqueous phase containing the reaction product was used without further treatment in further studies described below. Dextran reaction products may also be formed using similar procedures. Other fatty acid ester and alkanolamide surfactants may be used as well.

[0138] Example 2: Representative procedure for preparation of maltodextrin reaction product with free fatty acids. 25.00 g of fatty acid alkanolamide surfactant and 10.00 g of KOH (45% active solution) were mixed in water. The reaction mixture was mechanically stirred and heated to 65°C. A fatty acid mixture containing saturated fatty acids with lauric and myristic acids as the main components and 150.0 g of maltodextrin (MALTRIN M100, Grain Processing Corporation, Muscatine, Iowa; DE=9.0-12.0) as a 30% active solution was then added to the reaction mixture. The amount of fatty acid mixture was selected to give an HLB of 12 or 16. The amount of water was selected to give a surfactant concentration of 5 wt%, fatty acid concentration of 2.5 wt%, and maltodextrin concentration of 10 wt%, based on the total reactants. Once the maltodextrin was dissolved, the heat was removed and the reaction mixture was stirred until it reached room temperature. The resulting aqueous phase containing the reaction product was used without further treatment in further studies described below. Dextran reaction products may also be formed using similar procedures. Other fatty acid ester and alkanolamide surfactants may be used as well.

[0139] Preparation of Brine-Resistant Compositions. The neat reaction product prepared as above was further formulated with various zwitterionic surfactants as shown in Table 1 below (Table 1 is composed of Table 1-1 and Table 1-2). After the zwitterionic surfactant(s) was mixed with the neat product, the composition containing the mixed surfactants was contacted with 120K synthetic brine at a dosage of 1 gpt (gallons per thousand gallons). The 120K synthetic brine had the following composition: (g / L of each component): CaCl 2 (16.540), NaCl(103.730), MgCl 2 (4.230), NaHCO 3 (0.830), BaCl 2 (0.180), Na 2 SO 4 (0.740), SrCl 2 (0.180), and FeCl 3(0.030). Entries that were shown to not form a precipitate upon contact with brine were considered to be brine resistant.

[0140] [Table 1-1]

[0141] [Table 1-2]

[0142] ADA = volume of amphodiacetate TZS = total zwitterionic surfactant volume a Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate, 48-52% active solution (Southern Chemical) b Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine, 48-52% active solution (Southern Chemical) c Cocamidopropyl Betaine, 37-42% active solution, pH=4.5-5.5 (Southern Chemical) d Cocamidopropyl Betaine, 29-31% active solution, pH=4-6 (DAXX) e Cocamidopropyl Betaine, 34-37% active solution, pH=6-7.5 (Southern Chemical) f Potassium cocoate, 38-40% active solution (Southern Chemical)

[0143] As shown in Table 1, neither the reaction product of Example 2 nor the SOPALTERIC DSC 90 LV amphoteric surfactant alone was compatible with synthetic brine and formed a precipitate upon contact with brine. In contrast, when the reaction product and amphodiacetate were combined together in the appropriate ratio, optionally in the presence of other zwitterionic surfactants, no precipitation occurred. Thus, the reaction product and amphoteric surfactant may unexpectedly work together synergistically to promote brine resistance.

[0144] A composition containing sodium amphoacetate (otherwise identical to Sample 3) was also brine resistant, although sodium amphoacetate itself was not brine resistant.

[0145] Emulsification performance. Additionally, oil (Wolfcamp A oil) was contacted with each sample in Table 1 to measure the emulsion-promoting performance. Emulsification was performed at room temperature by combining 50 mL of sample with 50 mL of oil and shaking by hand for 60 seconds at a speed of approximately 2 shakes per second. The resulting emulsion was immediately poured into a graduated cylinder and time-lapse photography was used to record the levels of the water layer, oil layer, and remaining emulsion layer over a 30-minute observation period. Samples 3 and 4 in Table 1 broke almost completely after 15 minutes. Sample 7 had a slower emulsion breakdown, and sample 8 did not break within the observation period.

[0146] A composition containing sodium amphoacetate (otherwise identical to Sample 3) also resulted in breakage in 120K brine, although the phase separation was not as sharp as that of the corresponding amphodiacetate composition (Sample 3). The emulsification performance of Sample 3 was also tested in fresh water, where breakage still occurred, but much slower than in 120K brine.

[0147] Surface tension measurements. Surface tension (ST) measurements were performed on samples 3 and 4 in various brines at room temperature using a Biolin Scientific tensiometer. Tests were performed by combining samples with various brines or fresh water controls at doses of 1 gpt or 2 gpt and measuring the surface tension as a function of time. In addition to the 120K brine described above, the following synthetic brines were tested: 60K, 30K, and 15K. A low concentration brine was prepared by diluting the 120K brine. Two representative oil field waters were also tested under similar conditions and their compositions are listed below.

[0148] FIG. 1 is a plot of surface tension as a function of time for 1gpt sample 3 in combination with various brines and fresh water. As shown, the surface tension decreased as a function of time, with the rate of decrease beginning to slow at about 300 seconds. Surprisingly, fresh water, when combined with the surfactant sample, exhibited higher surface tension values ​​than the various brines combined with the surfactant sample, despite the latter's higher salinity. Due to its higher salt content, brine would be expected to exhibit a higher surface tension than deionized water. FIG. 2 is a plot of surface tension as a function of time for 1gpt sample 4 in combination with various brines and fresh water. Similar performance was observed for this surfactant composition, with the various brines exhibiting a surface tension reduction of about 5 dyn / cm or more compared to fresh water when combined with the surfactant composition.

[0149] Surface tension testing of Samples 3 and 4 was also performed on other synthetic brines and various field waters at surfactant loadings of 1 gpt and 2 gpt to compare their performance to two industry standard non-emulsifying surfactants. In-plane tension (IFT) and contact angle were also measured and compared to industry standard surfactants. IFT measurements were performed by forming oil (Wolfcamp A oil) droplets in water with a hooked syringe at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 gpt. IFT values ​​were determined using Young-Laplace analysis (analysis using the Young-Laplace equation). Table 2 below summarizes the surface tension and IFT values ​​of various samples (ST=surface tension, dyn / cm; IFT=in-plane tension, dyn / cm).

[0150] [Table 2]

[0151] As shown in Table 2, samples 3 and 4 provided a greater reduction in surface tension for the brine samples than for the fresh water. In addition, these samples also reduced the surface and in-plane tension for the field water. The 70K production brine had a pH of 5.9 and contained 5540 mg / L Ca. 2+ , 1312mg / L Mg 2+ , 19000mg / L Na + , 145 mg / L K + , and 42,760 mg / L Cl - The mining pit water had a pH of 8.1 and 4 mg / L of Ba. 2+ , 91mg / L Ca 2+ , 86.7mg / L Mg 2+ , <53 mg Na + , K <1 mg / L + , 20 mg / L Cl - , 68 mg / L SO 4 2- , 93 mg / L HCO 3 - , and 216 mg / L acetate.

[0152] Unless otherwise indicated, all numerical values ​​expressing quantities and the like in the specification and the associated claims should be understood to be modified in all instances by the term "about." Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by embodiments of the invention. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.

[0153] One or more exemplary embodiments incorporating various features are presented herein. For clarity, not all features of a physical implementation are described or shown in this application. It is understood that in developing a physical embodiment incorporating an embodiment of the present invention, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developer's goals, such as compliance with system-related, business-related, government-related, and other constraints that vary from implementation to implementation and from time to time. Although the developer's efforts may be time-consuming, such efforts would be routine for one of ordinary skill in the art and having the benefit of this disclosure.

[0154] Although various systems, compositions, means, and methods are described herein in terms of "containing" various components or steps, the systems, compositions, means, and methods can also "consist essentially of" or "consist of" the various components and steps.

[0155] As used herein, the phrase "at least one of" preceding a series of items, along with the terms "and" or "or" separating any items, modifies the list as a whole and not each member (i.e., each item) of the list. The phrase "at least one of" allows for a meaning including at least one of any of the items, and / or at least one of any combination of the items, and / or at least one of each of the items. By way of example, the phrase "at least one of A, B, and C" or "at least one of A, B, or C" refers, respectively, to A only, B only, or C only; any combination of A, B, and C; and / or at least one of each of A, B, and C.

[0156] Thus, the disclosed systems, compositions, means, and methods are well adapted to achieve the objects and advantages mentioned, as well as those inherent therein. The specific embodiments disclosed above are illustrative only, as the teachings of the disclosure may be modified and implemented in different but equivalent manners apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings herein. Moreover, no limitations are intended to the details of construction or design shown herein, other than as set forth in the following claims. It is therefore apparent that the specific exemplary embodiments disclosed above may be altered, combined, or modified, and all such variations are deemed to be within the scope of the present disclosure. The systems, compositions, means, and methods illustratively disclosed herein may be suitably practiced in the absence of any element not specifically disclosed herein and / or any appropriate element disclosed herein. Although the systems, compositions, means, and methods are described in terms that "contain," "include," or "comprise" various components or steps, the systems, means, and methods may also "consist essentially of" or "consist of" the various components and steps. All of the values ​​and ranges disclosed above may vary to some extent. Whenever a numerical range with a lower limit and an upper limit is disclosed, any numerical value contained within that range and any contained range is specifically disclosed. In particular, all ranges of values ​​disclosed herein (in the form of "about a to about b", or equivalently "about a to b", or equivalently "about a to b") should be understood to represent all numerical values ​​and ranges encompassed within the broader range of values. Also, the terms in the claims have their obvious ordinary meanings unless expressly and unambiguously defined by the patent owner. Moreover, the indefinite article "a" or "an" used in the claims is defined herein to mean one or more than one of the elements it introduces. In the event of any discrepancy in the use of a word or term in this specification and in one or more patents or other documents that may be incorporated herein by reference, the definition consistent with this specification should be adopted.

Claims

1. aqueous fluid; Neutral surfactants or their reaction product forms; A reaction product of a saccharide polymer and a fatty acid or fatty acid ester, wherein the saccharide polymer contains dextran, a dextrin compound, or any combination thereof, and the reaction product of the saccharide polymer and the fatty acid or fatty acid ester, and the reaction product form of the neutral surfactant, if present, are formed in the presence of a hydroxide base; And, One or more zwitterionic surfactants; It contains, Here, the volume ratio of the one or more zwitterionic surfactants to the total volume of the reaction product of the saccharide polymer and the fatty acid or fatty acid ester is sufficient to make the composition brine-resistant. composition.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition is non-emulsifying with respect to oily fluids.

3. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the one or more zwitterionic surfactants contain at least one amphoacetate, at least one amphodiaacetate, or any combination thereof, and optionally, in addition to the above configuration, the one or more zwitterionic surfactants further contain at least one betaine, at least one sultaine, or any combination thereof.

4. The composition according to claim 2, wherein the one or more zwitterionic surfactants contain at least one amfoacetate, at least one amphodiaacetate, or any combination thereof, and the volume ratio of the at least one amfoacetate, at least one amphodiaacetate, or any combination thereof to the total volume of the one or more zwitterionic surfactants and the reaction product of the saccharide polymer and the fatty acid or fatty acid ester is in the range of about 0.1 to about 0.3, and optionally, in addition to the above configuration, the one or more zwitterionic surfactants further contain at least one betaine, at least one sultaine, or any combination thereof.

5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the one or more zwitterionic surfactants contain at least one amphoacetate, at least one amphodiaacetate, or any combination thereof, and the volume ratio of the at least one amphoacetate, the at least one amphodiaacetate, or any combination thereof to the total volume of the one or more zwitterionic surfactants and the reaction product of the saccharide polymer and the fatty acid or fatty acid ester is in the range of about 0.1 to about 0.

3.

6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the reaction product is formed from a fatty acid ester, the reaction product further contains glycerol, and optionally, the fatty acid ester further contains a glycerol ester containing up to three types of fatty acids, each fatty acid having about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms, or the reaction product is formed from at least one fatty acid having about 4 to about 30 carbon atoms.

7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the neutral surfactant or the reaction product form is present in a concentration sufficient to solubilize the reaction product of the saccharide polymer and the fatty acid or fatty acid ester in an aqueous fluid.

8. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the saccharide polymer contains a dextrin compound, and the dextrin compound contains maltodextrin.

9. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the reaction product of the saccharide polymer contains a fatty acid ester saccharide polymer reaction product.

10. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the neutral surfactant contains a fatty acid alkanolamide.

11. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous fluid contains brine.

12. The underground treatment fluid according to claim 1 or 5, wherein, selectively in addition to the above composition, the one or more zwitterionic surfactants further contain at least one betaine, at least one sultaine, or any combination thereof.

13. A step of providing the composition according to claim 1 or 5; Selectively in addition to the above configuration, the one or more zwitterionic surfactants further contain at least one betaine, at least one sultaine, or any combination thereof. And, A step of bringing the composition into contact with a brine-containing substance; Methods that include...

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the brine-containing substance also contains an oily material, and selectively in addition to the above configuration, the oily material further contains petroleum, natural gas, oilfield fluid, or any combination thereof.

15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the neutral surfactant contains a fatty acid alkanolamide.

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