Sheet assembly and method

Abstract

A seat assembly and subassembly that provide ventilation are disclosed. The subassembly may include a trim cover with a ventilation arrangement that includes one or more sheets, one or more spacers, and / or a blower. The subassembly may include a breathable layer and an air-impermeable layer, but the outer surface that contacts the occupant may be arranged to be ventilated from a blower arranged opposite the outer surface to transport air through the various layers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Cross - reference to Related Applications This application is a partial continuation of U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 841,745, filed on June 16, 2022 (Attorney Docket No. LEAR20795PUS), claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 357,060, filed on June 30, 2022 (Attorney Docket No. LEAR21101PRV), claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 393,386, filed on July 29, 2022 (Attorney Docket No. LEAR21097PRV), claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 393,382, filed on July 29, 2022 (Attorney Docket No. LEAR21098PRV), claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 393,389, filed on July 29, 2022 (Attorney Docket No. LEAR21099PRV), claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 354,079, filed on June 21, 2022 (Attorney Docket No. LEAR20837PRV), claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 393,392, filed on July 29, 2022 (Attorney Docket No. LEAR21040PRV), claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 411,400, filed on September 29, 2022 (Attorney Docket No. LEAR21182PRV), is a partial continuation of U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 085,120, filed on December 20, 2022 (Attorney Docket No. LEAR21096PUS), claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 354,412, filed on June 22, 2022 (Attorney Docket No. LEAR20886PRV), claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 357,101, filed on June 30, 2022 (Attorney Docket No. LEAR20912PRV), is a partial continuation of U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 087,223, filed on December 22, 2022 (Attorney Docket No. LEAR21094PUS), claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 354,319, filed on June 22, 2022 (Attorney Docket No. LEAR21102PRV), claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 356, filed on June 28, 2022,Claims the benefit of Patent Application No. 324 (Attorney Docket No. LEAR20831PRV), claims the priority of Danish Patent Application No. PA 2023 70030 (Attorney Docket No. LEAR20831PDK) filed on January 19, 2023, claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 356,093 (Attorney Docket No. LEAR20905PRV) filed on June 28, 2022, claims the priority of Danish Patent Application No. PA 2023 70027 (Attorney Docket No. LEAR20905PDK) filed on January 19, 2023, claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 354,977 (Attorney Docket No. LEAR20887PRV) filed on June 23, 2022, claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 393,141 (Attorney Docket No. LEAR21086PRV) filed on July 28, 2022, claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 392,914 (Attorney Docket No. LEAR21103PRV) filed on July 28, 2022, claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 392,926 (Attorney Docket No. LEAR21104PRV) filed on July 28, 2022, is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 983,881 (Attorney Docket No. LEAR21042PUS) filed on November 9, 2022, claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 433,599 (Attorney Docket No. LEAR21149PRV) filed on December 19, 2022, is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 087,850 (Attorney Docket No. LEAR21148PUS) filed on December 23, 2022, and the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.,

[0002] The present disclosure relates to a seat assembly and sub-assemblies thereof. In particular, the present disclosure relates to vehicle seat assemblies and sub-assemblies such as fluid assemblies (e.g., ventilation and / or massage assemblies, valve assemblies), trim assemblies, cushion assemblies, and temperature control / transfer assemblies.

Brief Description of the Drawings

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Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0206] Here, embodiments will be referred to in detail and examples thereof are shown in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various embodiments described. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the various embodiments described may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments.

[0207] It is understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary and that various alternatives are possible. The drawings are not necessarily to scale. Some features may be exaggerated or minimized to show details of particular components. Accordingly, the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be construed as limiting, but rather as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the embodiments of the present invention.

[0208] "One or more" includes functions performed by one element, functions performed by more than one element, for example, in a distributed manner, some functions performed by one element, some functions performed by some elements, or any combination of the above.

[0209] Also, in this specification, it is understood that although terms such as first, second, etc. are used in some instances to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the various embodiments described, the first surface may be referred to as the second surface, and similarly, the second surface may be referred to as the first surface. The first surface and the second surface are both surfaces, but not the same surface.

[0210] The terms used in the description of the various described embodiments in this specification are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to be limiting. When used in the description of the various described embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "one", "the", and "said" are intended to include the plural forms as well unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will further be understood that the terms "comprises," "comprising," and / or "includes" when used herein specify the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0211] As used herein, the term "when...ing" is optionally interpreted, depending on the context, to mean "when...", "at the time of...", or "in response to a determination" or "in response to a detection". Similarly, the expressions "when determined" or "when [stated condition or event] is detected" are interpreted, depending on the context, to mean "in a determination" or "in response to a determination" or "in a detection of [stated condition or event]" or "in response to a detection of [stated condition or event]".

[0212] Further, unless otherwise expressly indicated, all numerical quantities in this disclosure are to be understood as being modified by the term "about" when describing a broader range of the disclosure. Generally, implementation within the recited numerical ranges is desirable. Also, unless otherwise specified, percents, "parts of," and ratio values are by weight. The term "polymer" includes "oligomer," "copolymer," "terpolymer," etc. When a group or class of materials is described as being suitable or preferred for a given purpose, unless otherwise specified, any mixture of two or more of that group or class is likewise suitable or preferred. The molecular weight given for any polymer refers to the number average molecular weight. The description of components in chemical terms means the components at the time of addition to the combination specified in the description and does not necessarily exclude chemical interactions between the components of a mixture once mixed. The initial definition of an acronym or other abbreviation applies to all subsequent uses of the same abbreviation in this specification and is applied mutatis mutandis to the normal grammatical variations of the initially defined abbreviation. Unless expressly stated to the contrary, measurements of properties are determined by the same technique as previously or later referenced for the same property.

[0213] Since specific components and / or conditions may vary, the disclosure is not necessarily limited to the specific embodiments and methods described below. Further, the terms used herein are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to be limiting in any sense.

[0214] In this specification, the terms "substantially" or "generally" may be used to describe the disclosed or claimed embodiments. The term "substantially" may modify a value or relative characteristic disclosed or claimed in this disclosure. In such cases, "substantially" and "generally" may mean that the value or relative characteristic is within its manufacturing tolerances, or within ±0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% or 10% of the value or relative characteristic.

[0215] Also, it should be understood that integer ranges explicitly include all intervening integers. For example, the integer range from 1 to 10 explicitly includes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. Similarly, the range from 1 to 100 includes 1, 2, 3, 4, … 97, 98, 99, 100. Similarly, when any range is required, intervening numerical values that are the increment of the difference between the upper and lower limits divided by 10 can be used as alternative upper or lower limits. For example, if the range is from 1.1 to 2.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, and 2.0 can be selected as the lower or upper limit values.

[0216] The term controller can be provided as one or more controllers or control modules for various components and systems. The controller and control system may include any number of controllers, may be integrated into a single controller, or may have various modules. Some or all of the controller may be connected by a controller area network (CAN) or other systems. It is recognized that any controller, circuit, or other electrical device disclosed herein may include any number of microprocessors, integrated circuits, memory devices (e.g., FLASH, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), or other suitable variations thereof), and software that cooperate with each other to perform the operations disclosed herein. Further, any one or more of the electrical devices disclosed herein may be configured to execute a computer program embodied on a non-transitory computer-readable medium programmed to perform any number of functions as disclosed herein.

[0217] Referring to FIG. 1, a seat assembly 10 including one or more sub-assemblies 15 to 35 is disclosed. For example, the seat assembly 10 includes a trim assembly 15 disposed on top of a cushion assembly 20 supported by a frame assembly 35. In some embodiments, the trim assembly 15 includes a ventilation portion. In some embodiments, the seat assembly 10 also includes a fluid assembly 20. In some embodiments, the seat assembly 10 includes temperature control assemblies 25, 30. In various embodiments, the fluid assembly 20 is a ventilation assembly and / or a massage assembly. In some embodiments, the fluid assembly 20 cooperates with the ventilation portion of the trim assembly 15, and in some embodiments, the fluid assembly 20 includes the ventilation portion of the trim assembly 15. The temperature control assemblies 25, 30 include, for example, a heat transfer assembly. In some embodiments, a valve assembly for controlling the flow of fluid is included. In some embodiments, retainers or fasteners may attach various components to the cushion.

[0218] According to some embodiments, assemblies 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and sub-assemblies 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 may each be provided separately. According to some embodiments, assemblies 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and sub-assemblies 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 may be provided as pre-assembled modules 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35. Assembly 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 or sub-assembly 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 may be pre-assembled to frame assembly 35. Assembly 10, 15, 25, 30, 35 or sub-assembly 10, 15, 25, 30, 35 may be pre-assembled to cushion assembly 20. Assembly 10, 15, 25, 30, 35 or sub-assembly 10, 15, 25, 30, 35 may also be integrated into the material of seat cushion assembly 20, for example, integrated into a foam or an extruded thermoplastic plastic mesh. In some embodiments, cushion assembly 20 may be formed from an additional manufacturing process such as the process disclosed in U.S. Patent Publication No. 11,440,791 to Migneco et al., issued to Lear Corporation on September 13, 2022, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Various options are available for pre-assembling sub-assemblies 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 or assemblies 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 as modules, or to frame assembly 35, or to seat cushion assembly 20.

[0219] Referring to FIG. 2, a seat assembly 100, such as a vehicle seat assembly, is disclosed. Seat assembly 100 includes a seat frame 102 and a sub-assembly 104, such as a ventilation sub-assembly. Sub-assembly 104 may be supported by seat frame 102. Referring to FIGS. 2-3, sub-assembly 200 includes a trim cover 210 fixed to a membrane 220, one or more additional layers 240, such as a cushion, and / or a substrate 250.

[0220] The trim cover 210 is configured to be adjacent to the seat occupant. That is, the trim cover may include an outermost layer or may include a surface that is the outermost surface. The trim cover 210 covers the remaining components of the seat assembly 100 and can be the main contact surface with the occupant. The trim cover 210 may be configured to provide ventilation to the occupant during seating and driving. For example, the trim cover 210 may include one or more perforations 211 and / or may be permeable to fluids such as air. The trim cover 210 may include a first surface 212 (e.g., an exposed surface) and a second surface 213 (e.g., a non-exposed surface) that faces the first surface 212. The first surface 212 may be a surface of cloth, synthetic leather, or leather. For example, the cloth or synthetic leather may be cotton, polyester, polyurethane, nylon, or other suitable cloth. As a variant, the cloth or synthetic leather may be polyester or polyurethane. The trim cover 210 may also include one or more layers such as an outer layer 214 and an inner layer 215. For example, the outer layer 214 may be polyurethane synthetic leather or polyester cloth, and the inner layer 215 may be a spacer cloth or a thin polyurethane foam cushion (e.g., 0.05 to 5 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 3 mm, even more preferably 0.25 to 1.25 mm). The inner layer 215 may be permeable to the flow of fluids such as air, but the outer layer 214 may be made of an impermeable material such as synthetic leather or leather. When the outer layer 214 is an impermeable material, it may be perforated so as to provide ventilation to the adjacent occupant when receiving the fluid flow from the inner layer 215.

[0221] The trim cover 210 may be fixed and / or sealed to the membrane 220. Thereby, the membrane 220 cannot be removed without damaging the trim cover 210, the membrane 220, or the fixing / sealing medium (e.g., sewing or welding). In a variant, the trim cover 210 and the membrane 220 may be fixed and / or sealed at least partially, for example, along or adjacent to the outer periphery of the sheet surface 218. In a variant, the trim cover 210 may be fixed / sealed to the membrane 220 so as to be impermeable or to prevent fluid flow such as air from leaking at the connection interface. Specifically, the fixing may refer to a permanent connection other than an adhesive that can be peeled off or attached and can be easily disconnected without damaging the material. The membrane 220 may be disposed between the trim cover 210 and the substrate 250. In a variant, the membrane 220 may be adjacent to the trim cover 210. The membrane 220 may also be disposed adjacent to one or more additional layers 240. One or more additional layers 240 may be disposed between the membrane 220 and the substrate 250. In other words, the assembly may include a trim cover 210 connected to and adjacent to the membrane 220, and this trim cover 210 is adjacent to one or more additional layers facing the trim cover 210.

[0222] Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 3A to 3B, the membrane 220 may form a ventilation bag 222 that defines a cavity. In yet another improvement, as shown in FIGS. 3A to 3B, the membrane 220 and the trim cover 210 may cooperate to form a cavity. The cavity may include a channel. Alternatively, the membrane 220 or the ventilation bag may further define a flow path that is in fluid communication with the cavity. Thus, the channel is disposed opposite the trim cover, extends from the trim cover toward the outlet of the blower 260, and is adjacent to the outlet of the blower 260. The channel is configured to receive fluid flow from the blower 260. For example, in a variant, the channel may be disposed around the outlet of the blower 260 and sealed, for example, by a ring gasket or a ring snap. Alternatively, the channel may be disposed at the outlet or may engage the substrate 250.

[0223] The membrane 220 is made of an impermeable cloth that does not allow fluid flow such as air to pass through. For example, the membrane 220 may be a plastic and / or cloth sheet such as polyethylene, polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane, and / or felt such as Tyvek®. The ventilation bag may have a spacer 230 disposed within the cavity defined by the ventilation bag. The spacer 230 may be any suitable structure that resists crushing so as to impede fluid flow therethrough. For example, the spacer 230 may be a spacer cloth that allows air to pass through. The ventilation bag may be formed from one or more sheets.

[0224] For example, the membrane 220 may be formed from a first sheet 224 and a second sheet 225 that are fixed to each other to define a cavity. The first and second sheets 224, 225 may be fixed to form a seal. For example, the first and second sheets 224, 225 may be fixed to each other by stitching, heat staking, ultrasonic staking, hot plate welding, heat swaging, cold pressing, etc. so as not to allow fluid flow to escape unless through one or more designated apertures. In a variant, the first sheet 224 may be permeable to fluid flow such as air. That is, the ventilation bag 222 may be configured to provide fluid communication to the trim cover 210. Specifically, the first sheet 224 may be disposed adjacent to the trim cover 210 and the second sheet 225 may be disposed opposite the trim cover 210 such that the first sheet 224 is disposed between the trim cover 210 and the second sheet 225.

[0225] One or more additional layers 240 may include a cushioning material or a comfort material 241. The cushioning material or comfort material 241 may provide comfort to an occupant during seating. For example, the cushioning material or comfort material may be a foam. In a variant, the cushioning material or comfort material 241 may be a non-foamed mesh. Specifically, the ventilation assembly 200 and / or the seat assembly 100 may be non-foamed. Specifically, the ventilation assembly may be non-foamed and may not include a foam cushion. In other words, the seat assembly may be non-foamed.

[0226] Non-foamed may refer to a material formed by laminating one or more layers of non-foamed materials. Each layer may be formed from a woven monofilament fiber material. An example of the material is a polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate. The material may also be formed from recycled materials in order to reduce material costs and waste. The material may be a non-woven fabric, a woven fabric, and / or a knit that provides a structure while also providing porosity, breathability, and compliance. The non-foamed material may be made from a woven fabric of monofilaments. For example, additional details of non-foamed materials or non-foamed materials can be found in the application identified in Application No. 17 / 218,663 filed on March 31, 2021. The entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0227] In a variant, the non-foamed or non-bubbled material may be a non-woven mesh of a thermoplastic resin. The mesh can be formed by extruding a pressurized molten thermoplastic resin from an extruder through an extrusion die. The extrusion die may include a plurality of outlet ports or nozzles that discharge a plurality of strands of the molten thermoplastic resin. The strands are discharged into a fluid chamber having a fluid (e.g., water) that cools against the strands. The fluid causes buckling, looping, and / or intersection with adjacent strands of the strands against the flow of the strands. The solidified and intertwined strands form an integral thermoplastic non-woven mesh cushion. For example, additional details of this process are disclosed in the application identified in Application No. 17 / 741,639, filed on May 11, 2022. The entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0228] By defining an orifice with one or more additional layers 240, the membrane 220 can pass from the trim cover 210 through the one or more additional layers 240 to the blower 260 and receive fluid flow from the blower 260 during operation.

[0229] The one or more additional layers 240 can also support a plurality of components such as the blower 260, a pump, an electrical circuit, a ventilation assembly 200, and / or a massage / bladder assembly, in which case it can be referred to as a carrier. The substrate 250 may be suspended by a suspension system (e.g., suspension wires) or the like to the seat frame 102 of the seat assembly 100. The substrate 250 may be a rigid board such as a plastic board. The substrate 250 or the carrier may define an orifice so as to receive fluid flow from the blower 260 through the orifice during operation. Alternatively, the blower 260 may be directly connected to the ventilation bag.

[0230] The blower 260 may include a motor that mechanically communicates with a fan configured to provide a fluid flow during operation. The blower 260 may include an inlet for receiving a fluid such as air and an outlet for delivering the fluid flow during operation. Thus, in one or more embodiments, the ventilation assembly 200 may be configured to receive a fluid flow from the blower 260 or deliver a fluid flow to the blower 260. As a result, the fluid flow may travel along the membrane 220 or through a ventilation bag formed by the membrane 220 to and through the trim cover 210 and vice versa, providing ventilation to a seated occupant during operation and when assembled to the seat assembly. In other words, the blower may be configured to provide an air flow to the occupant to provide ventilation or draw an air flow from the occupant (i.e., the blower may be configured to pull air or push air).

[0231] In some embodiments, a ventilation assembly (e.g., 200) for a seat (e.g., 100) for a vehicle (e.g., motorcycle, automobile, locomotive, personal watercraft, aircraft), etc., includes a trim cover (e.g., 210), a sub-assembly (e.g., 200) (e.g., ventilation bag 222), and a spacer (e.g., 230) such as a spacer fabric. The trim cover (e.g., 210) is configured to contact an occupant when assembled to the seat (e.g., 100) during operation and provide ventilation by a fluid flow such as an air flow. The ventilation bag (e.g., 222) defines a cavity and a channel that is in fluid communication with the cavity and is disposed opposite the trim cover (e.g., 210). The channel is configured to communicate with a blower (e.g., 260) through one or more additional layers (e.g., 240) such as a cushion material / comfort material (e.g., 241 which may be a non-foamed mesh) or through a substrate (e.g., 250) such as a carrier board, rigid board, plastic board, etc. The ventilation bag (e.g., 222) is fixed to the trim cover (e.g., 210) such that a fluid flow (e.g., air flow) travels from the ventilation bag (e.g., 222) to the trim cover (e.g., 210) or vice versa. A spacer 230 such as a spacer fabric is disposed in the cavity.

[0232] In various embodiments, the ventilation bag (e.g., 222) is sewn or welded to the trim cover (e.g., 210).

[0233] In one or more embodiments, the ventilation bag (e.g., 222) is fixed to the trim cover (e.g., 210) at least partially along an outer perimeter.

[0234] In some embodiments, the one or more additional layers (e.g., 240) include a substrate (e.g., 250) such as a carrier board, rigid board, plastic board, etc. configured to support the blower (e.g., 260).

[0235] In various embodiments, one or more additional layers (e.g., 240) include a non-foamed mesh such as a non-foamed mesh cushion (e.g., 241). A subassembly (e.g., 200) such as a ventilation assembly further includes a blower (e.g., 260) supported by a substrate (e.g., 250) such as a carrier board, a rigid board, or a plastic board.

[0236] In one or more embodiments, the ventilation bag (e.g., 222) includes a first sheet (e.g., 224) (e.g., a plastic sheet and / or a cloth sheet such as felt like polyethylene, polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane, and / or Tyvek®) adjacent to the trim cover (e.g., 210), and a second sheet (e.g., 225) (e.g., a plastic sheet and / or a cloth sheet such as felt like polyethylene, polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane, and / or Tyvek®) that cooperates with the first sheet (e.g., 224) (e.g., is fixedly sealed by stitching, heat staking, ultrasonic staking, hot plate welding, thermal swaging, cold pressing, etc. so as not to allow fluid flow to escape unless through one or more designated apertures). The second sheet is disposed on the opposite side of the trim cover (e.g., 210) such that the first and second sheets (e.g., 224, 225) (e.g., a plastic sheet and / or a cloth sheet such as felt like polyethylene, polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane, and / or Tyvek®) define cavities and channels.

[0237] In some embodiments, one or more additional layers (e.g., 240) do not include a foam cushion.

[0238] In one or more embodiments, the outer peripheral portion is the outer peripheral portion of the surface (e.g., 218) of the sheet assembly.

[0239] In one or more embodiments, a vehicle seat (e.g., 100) is provided that includes a sub-assembly (e.g., 200) such as a ventilation assembly, and a seat frame (e.g., 102) that supports the sub-assembly (e.g., the ventilation assembly).

[0240] The seat sub-assembly (e.g., 100) includes a trim cover (e.g., 210), a carrier (e.g., 250) (e.g., a rigid plastic board), a first sheet (e.g., 224) (e.g., a plastic sheet and / or a fabric sheet such as felt like polyethylene, polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane, and / or Tyvek®), a second sheet (e.g., 225) (e.g., a plastic sheet and / or a fabric sheet such as polyethylene, polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane, and / or Tyvek®), a spacer (e.g., 230) such as a spacer fabric, and one or more additional layers (e.g., 240).

[0241] In one or more embodiments, the trim cover (e.g., 210) has a first surface (e.g., 212) (e.g., an exposed surface) and a second surface (e.g., 213) (e.g., an unexposed surface) that faces the first surface (e.g., 212) (e.g., the exposed surface).

[0242] In various embodiments, the trim cover (e.g., 210) is configured to provide ventilation to an occupant adjacent to the first surface (e.g., 212) (e.g., the exposed surface) when a fluid flow (e.g., an air flow) is received at the second surface (e.g., 213) (e.g., the unexposed surface).

[0243] In some embodiments, the carrier (e.g., 250) is configured to support a blower (e.g., 260).

[0244] In various embodiments, a carrier (e.g., 250) defines an orifice that receives a fluid flow (e.g., an air flow) from a blower (e.g., 260). A first sheet (e.g., 224) (e.g., a plastic sheet and / or a cloth sheet such as felt like polyethylene, polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane, and / or Tyvek®) cooperates with a trim cover (e.g., 210) (fixed by stitching, heat staking, ultrasonic staking, hot plate welding, thermal swaging, cold pressing, etc. so as not to allow the fluid flow to escape except through one or more specified apertures) and is disposed between the trim cover (e.g., 210) and the carrier (e.g., 250) (e.g., a rigid plastic board). There is a second sheet (e.g., 225) (e.g., a plastic sheet and / or a cloth sheet such as felt like polyethylene, polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane, and / or Tyvek®) between the first sheet (e.g., 224) and the carrier (e.g., 250) (e.g., a rigid plastic board).

[0245] In various embodiments, a second sheet (e.g., 225) (e.g., a plastic sheet and / or a cloth sheet such as felt like polyethylene, polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane, and / or Tyvek®) cooperates with a first sheet (e.g., 224) (e.g., a plastic sheet and / or a cloth sheet such as felt like polyethylene, polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane, and / or Tyvek®) (e.g., sealed by stitching, heat staking, ultrasonic staking, hot plate welding, heat swaging, cold pressing, etc. so as not to allow fluid flow (e.g., air flow) to leak except through one or more designated apertures), and the first and second sheets (e.g., 224, 225) (e.g., a plastic sheet and / or a cloth sheet such as felt like polyethylene, polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane, and / or Tyvek®) define a cavity including channels.

[0246] In various embodiments, the channels are configured to receive fluid flow (e.g., air flow) from a blower (e.g., 260) through orifices. In some embodiments, a spacer (e.g., 230) (e.g., a spacer cloth) is disposed in the cavity.

[0247] In various embodiments, one or more additional layers (e.g., 240) are disposed between the second sheet (e.g., 225) (e.g., a plastic sheet and / or a cloth sheet such as felt like polyethylene, polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane, and / or Tyvek®) and a carrier (e.g., 250) (e.g., a rigid plastic board), and the channels provide a passage through the one or more additional layers (e.g., 240) (e.g., a cushioning / comfort material (e.g., 241) such as a non-foamed mesh), and ventilation is provided through the cavity to and from the blower (e.g., 260) and to and from an occupant adjacent to the trim cover (e.g., 210).

[0248] In one or more embodiments, the first sheet (e.g., 224) is secured to the trim cover (e.g., 210) by stitching or welding.

[0249] In some embodiments, a spacer (e.g., 230) (e.g., a spacer fabric) is disposed between the first and second sheets (e.g., 224, 225) (e.g., plastic sheets and / or fabric sheets such as polyethylene, polyurethane, thermoplastic polyurethane, and / or felt such as Tyvek®).

[0250] In some embodiments, a seat frame (e.g., 102) supports one of the subassemblies described herein.

[0251] In one or more embodiments, a subassembly (e.g., 200), such as a ventilation assembly for a seat, includes a trim cover (e.g., 210), a carrier (e.g., 250), a cushion (e.g., 241), and a membrane (e.g., 220).

[0252] In various embodiments, a carrier (e.g., 250) (e.g., a rigid plastic board) is configured to support a blower (e.g., 260).

[0253] In some embodiments, the carrier (e.g., 250) defines a first orifice configured to receive a fluid flow (e.g., an air flow) from the blower (e.g., 260) during operation.

[0254] In one or more embodiments, a cushion (e.g., 241) (such as a non-foamed fibrous nonwoven mesh cushion) is disposed between the trim cover (e.g., 210) and the carrier (e.g., 250).

[0255] In some embodiments, the cushion (e.g., 241) is adjacent to the carrier (e.g., 250) and defines a second orifice.

[0256] In various embodiments, a membrane (e.g., 220) is disposed between a cushion (e.g., 241) and a trim cover (e.g., 210) and extends through a second orifice.

[0257] In one or more embodiments, a membrane (e.g., 220) fixed to a trim cover (e.g., 210) causes a fluid flow (e.g., an air flow) to be received or delivered to the trim cover (e.g., 210) through a first orifice, and provides ventilation through the trim cover (e.g., 210) to an occupant adjacent to the trim cover (e.g., 210) during operation.

[0258] In some embodiments, the membrane (e.g., 220) is fixed to the trim cover (e.g., 210) along its outer perimeter.

[0259] In various embodiments, the membrane (e.g., 220) is sewn or welded to the trim cover (e.g., 210).

[0260] In some embodiments, the membrane (e.g., 220) may be sewn to the trim cover (e.g., 210). In other embodiments, the membrane (e.g., 220) is welded to the trim cover (e.g., 210).

[0261] In one or more embodiments, a vehicle seat (e.g., 100) includes a seat frame (e.g., 102) and a subassembly (e.g., 200), such as a ventilation assembly, supported by the seat frame (e.g., 102).

[0262] Referring to FIG. 4, a seat assembly 320 such as a vehicle seat assembly 320 is shown. In other examples, the seat assembly 320 can be in the shape and size of a front row driver's or passenger's seat, a second row, a third row, or other rear row seats, and can include a bench style seat, a bucket seat, or other seat styles as shown. Further, the seat assembly may be a non-stowable seat, or a stowable seat that can be folded and stowed in a cavity of the vehicle floor. Additionally, the seat assembly 320 may be configured for other non-vehicle applications.

[0263] The seat assembly 320 has a support structure 322 provided by one or more support members. The support members may be provided by a frame and / or a substrate. The seat assembly has a plurality of seat components, which include at least a seat bottom 324 and a seat back 326. The seat bottom 324 may be sized to receive a seated occupant and support the occupant's pelvis and thighs. The seat back 326 may extend upright from the seat bottom 324 and be sized to support the occupant's back. The seat assembly may additionally have a headrest (not shown). The seat bottom 324 has a seat bottom cushion 328. The seat back 326 has a seat back cushion 330. The frame 322 may include a wire suspension mat or other structure for supporting the cushions 328, 330.

[0264] The support structure 322 provides rigid structural support for seat components, such as the seat bottom 324 and the seat back 326, and may be provided as a plurality of frame members and / or substrates or panels that are movable relative to each other to provide adjustment of the seat assembly. The support structure 322 may be formed from a stamped steel alloy, a fiber-reinforced polymer, or any suitable structural material.

[0265] One or more trim assemblies 332 are used to cover the seat bottom cushion 328 and / or the seat back cushion 330, and a seating surface is provided to the seat assembly 320. The vehicle seat assembly 320 is shown with the trim cover assembly 332 partially cut away. In one example, the trim cover assembly 332 covers both cushions 328, 330. In other examples, multiple trim cover assemblies are provided to cover the seat bottom cushion and the seat back cushion. The trim cover assembly 332 according to various embodiments will be described in more detail below. The trim assembly 332 provides the trim surface, i.e., the visible surface or A-surface, of the seat assembly 320. The trim assembly 332 also incorporates additional material layers as described below and can further provide breathability to the seat. The seat assembly 332 may be provided as a modular component for assembly to the seat assembly 320.

[0266] In one example, as shown, one or more trim assemblies 332 are in fluid communication with a fluid system 350, such as an air system, to provide an air flow through the trim assembly for ventilation. The air system 350 includes a fan 352 and / or an air pump 352 and supplies a pressurized air flow to the trim assembly 332.

[0267] The seat cushion 340 will be described in more detail below, and this description may equally apply to the seat bottom cushion 328 or the seat back cushion 330. According to various examples, the seat cushion 340 can be formed from a foam material, such as molded polyurethane foam, or a non-foam material, or a combination thereof. As an alternative, the seat assembly 320 may be provided without the cushion 340 such that the trim assembly is supported directly on the support member 322, for example as a panel or substrate.

[0268] In a non-limiting example, the non-foamed parts or members of the seat cushion 340 are formed of a twisted yarn mesh material, also known as an intertwined three-dimensional filament structure. The twisted yarn mesh material is made from a polymer mesh having a plurality of integrated polymer strands (twisted yarns). The twisted yarn mesh material can be made from, for example, a linear low density polyethylene (LLPDE) material, although other polymers and materials effective to provide the desired properties and functionality are also contemplated. The twisted yarn mesh material may be formed using extruded filaments of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) that are randomly intertwined, bent, looped, or otherwise positioned and oriented, and are directly bonded to each other to provide a porous mesh structure.

[0269] Referring to FIGS. 5 through 6, a trim assembly 400 according to various embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. The trim assembly 400 can be formed from multiple layers of materials as described below. The trim assembly 400 may be used as a trim assembly 332 with the vehicle seat assembly 320 of FIG. 4, or with other seats as described above, or with other vehicles or other applications.

[0270] The trim assembly 400 has a perforated trim cover layer 402. The trim cover layer 402 can provide the A surface of the trim assembly 400, or the seat surface visible to the seat occupant. The perforated trim cover layer 402 can be formed from one or more panels 404 of leather, leatherette, vinyl, woven fabric, knitted fabric, or other materials. The perforations in the panels 404 of the trim cover layer 402 allow an air flow across the trim cover layer 402. The perforations may be provided as small holes or apertures formed through the trim cover layer. The knit or woven pattern of a fabric trim cover layer can function as perforations and provide an air flow throughout the fabric layer.

[0271] The various panels 404 of the trim cover layer 402 are connected to each other via joints 406. The joints 406 can be provided by sewing, welding, adhesion, lamination, or other processes to connect two adjacent trim panels 404 to form the trim cover layer. In the illustrated example, the trim panels 404 are connected to each other via seams formed by sewing so as to provide the joints 406. A seam allowance 408 is provided in the trim cover layer 402, and the seam allowance 408 is the area between the edges of two panels connected together and the joint area or the stitching line.

[0272] The trim assembly 400 has a barrier layer 410 connected to the trim cover layer 402. The barrier layer 410 is impermeable to air. In one example, the barrier layer 410 is formed from a continuous plastic layer such as a thermoplastic polyurethane sheet or film. The ventilation port 412 may be connected to the barrier layer 410 or formed in the barrier layer 410 using, for example, one or more of the techniques described above with respect to the joints, and may be connected to the air system 350 described above with respect to FIG. 4 via a hose or tube.

[0273] One or more porous spacer material layers 420 are disposed between the trim cover layer 402 and the barrier layer 410. Each spacer layer 420 is formed from a breathable material or includes perforations or other features to allow air to pass through and across the layer. In the illustrated example, first and second spacer material layers 422, 424 are provided. In other examples, three or more spacer material layers 420 are provided. The spacer material layers 420 may be formed from the same material or different materials.

[0274] In the illustrated example, the first spacer layer 422 is formed from a reticulated foam layer, such as a urethane or other foam material, and may further be known as a soft-touch material that provides a cushioned feel to the seat occupant. In one non-limiting example, the reticulated foam has from 25 to 45 pores per inch, although other ranges of pores per inch are contemplated. The second spacer layer 424 is formed from a spacer fabric, such as a knit or mesh spacer fabric. The spacer fabric may be a fabric layer formed by knitting or other means that forms a mesh structure that allows air to pass through and provides a firm support surface. In other examples, the first and second spacer material layers 422, 424 may be formed from other materials that allow an air flow therethrough.

[0275] The first spacer layer 422 is in contact with the trim cover layer 402, and the second spacer layer 424 is disposed between the first spacer layer 422 and the barrier layer 410. The first spacer layer 422 has trenches 426 or troughs formed therein. As used herein, a trench 426 may refer to an open channel or groove formed in the spacer layer 420 that intersects one of the surfaces thereof. In one example, the trench 426 has a floor 428. As shown, the trench 426 may be formed in the surface that engages or contacts the B surface of the trim cover layer 402. The butt joint 408 between two adjacent panels of the trim cover layer may be received within the trench, and the joint 406 may additionally be received within the trench 426.

[0276] In a further example, a perforated heating pad or mat (not shown) may be disposed between the trim cover layer 402 and the barrier layer 410 and laminated with the spacer layer 420. The heating pad may be selectively operated to supply heat from the trim assembly 400 to the seat occupant.

[0277] As shown in FIG. 4, the trim cover layer 402 is connected to the barrier layer 410 around the outer periphery of the trim assembly, and the spacer material layer 420 is enclosed by the trim cover layer and the barrier layer. The trim cover layer 420 can be connected around the outer periphery of the barrier layer by sewing, adhesion, welding, laminating, or other methods. Additional trim panels may be connected to the trim assembly, for example, adjacent to the outer periphery, to cover other parts or the periphery of the sheet as shown with respect to FIGS. 3 to 5 below by way of example. Further, the additional trim panels may be provided as described with respect to the trim assembly 400, or may be provided without a barrier layer or other layers. Additional tie - downs used to connect the trim assembly to the sheet 320 may be provided around or adjacent to the outer periphery of the trim assembly 400.

[0278] The trim assembly 400 has a tie - down membrane 430 that can function as a reinforcing layer or reinforcing material 430 connected to the trim cover layer 402. Note in FIG. 9 that the membrane 430 is shown partially transparent under the spacer layer 420 for illustrative purposes. In one example, the tie - down membrane 430 is formed of a non - woven fabric. A porous spacer material layer, such as a first spacer layer 422, is disposed between at least a portion of the trim cover layer 402 and the tie - down membrane 430. The tie - down membrane 430 is laminated between the first and second spacer material layers 422, 424 as shown, such that the tie - down membrane 430 is separated from the trim cover layer 402 by the first porous spacer material layer 422. The tie - down membrane 430 can contact the first spacer layer 422 on the side opposite the trench 426.

[0279] The tie - down membrane 430 is connected to the trim cover layer 402 and is connected to the joint 406 and / or the overlap 408 of the first and second panels 404. In the illustrated example, the overlap 408 is sewn to the tie - down membrane 430 through the first spacer material layer 422, for example, through a seam 432 through the floor 428 of the trench 426 in the first spacer layer.

[0280] The tension at the seam 432 connecting the overlap 408 to the tie-down film 430, like the depth of the trench 426 and the thickness of the layer 422, helps to define the shape of the trim cover layer 402 and the appearance of the trim assembly 400. This is because it forms the tie-down effect or visual appearance at the joints 406 between the multiple panels 404 of the trim assembly or at the seams.

[0281] In various examples, the first spacer material layer 422 and / or the tie-down film 430 are each connected to a second spacer material layer 424. For example, the first spacer material layer 422 and the tie-down film 430 are each connected to the second spacer material layer 424 via adhesion and / or lamination.

[0282] The trim assembly 400 may be formed or assembled before being connected to the cushion 340 or the seat assembly 320. In further examples, the trim cover assembly 400 may be shipped or moved to a location or assembly line for the vehicle seat assembly 320 after being assembled at a first facility or a first manufacturing line. Since the trim assembly 400 may include components for functions such as ventilation and / or heating that are pre-assembled within the assembly 400, the seat 320 can be more easily assembled with fewer steps.

[0283] Referring to FIGS. 7 through 9, a trim assembly 500 according to various examples of the present disclosure is shown. The trim assembly 500 can be formed from multiple layers of materials as described below. The trim assembly 500 may be used as a trim assembly 332 with the vehicle seat assembly 320 of FIG. 4, or with other seats as described above, or with other vehicles or other applications. Elements that are the same or similar to those described above with respect to FIGS. 2 through 3 are given the same reference numbers for simplicity, and the description of these elements can be found above according to various embodiments.

[0284] As described above, the trim assembly 500 has a perforated trim cover layer 402 and is formed from one or more panels 404. In one example, two panels 404 are connected via a joint 406 with a butt joint 408. In other examples, a single panel 404 may be provided.

[0285] The trim assembly 500 has a barrier layer 410 connected to the trim cover layer 402. The barrier layer 410 has a ventilation port 412 and may be connected to the air system 350 described above with respect to FIG. 4 via a hose or tube.

[0286] One or more porous and breathable spacer material layers 420 are disposed between the trim cover layer 402 and the barrier layer 410. In the illustrated example, first and second spacer material layers 422, 424 are provided. In other examples, three or more spacer material layers 420 are provided. In the illustrated non-limiting example, the first spacer layer 422 is formed from a reticulated foam layer and the second spacer layer 424 is formed from a spacer fabric such as a knit or mesh spacer fabric.

[0287] The first spacer layer 422 is provided with a first portion and a second portion. Similarly, the second spacer layer is provided with a first portion and a second portion. The first portions of these layers form a first stack 502 and the second portions of these layers form a second stack 504. The first and second stacks 502, 504 may be arranged adjacent to each other and without overlapping. In other examples, additional stacks of spacer layers may be provided. The butt joint 408 between the plurality of panels 404 of the trim cover layer may be disposed between adjacent stacks, for example, in the gap 506 therebetween.

[0288] As shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, the trim cover layer 402 is connected to the barrier layer 410 around the outer periphery of the trim assembly, and the spacer material layer 420 is closed by the trim cover layer and the barrier layer. The trim cover layer 420 can be connected around the outer periphery of the barrier layer by sewing, adhesion, welding, lamination, or other methods. An additional trim panel 510 can be connected to the trim assembly 500 adjacent thereto around the periphery, for example, to cover other parts of the sheet or its surroundings. Further, an additional trim panel may be provided as described with respect to the trim assembly 400, or may be provided without a barrier layer or other layer as shown. Additional tie-downs may be provided around or adjacent to the outer periphery of the trim assembly 400 to connect the trim assembly to the sheet 320, for example, along a seam or other joint 512, or at other positions along the outer periphery.

[0289] The trim assembly 500 has a tie-down membrane 520 connected to the trim cover layer 402. In one example, the tie-down membrane 520 is formed from a breathable or porous material, and in the example shown, is formed from a screened or coated mesh. In a non-limiting example, the coated mesh is a glass fiber screen covered with vinyl. In other examples, the tie-down membrane 520 may be formed from a plastic material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane sheet or film, and is perforated or otherwise formed to provide an air flow therethrough.

[0290] The tie-down membrane 520 is connected to the trim cover layer 402. In one example, the tie-down membrane 520 is connected to the joint 406 and / or the overlap 408 of the first and second panels 404. In other examples, the tie-down membrane 520 is connected to a single panel 404 through decorative stitching, adhesion, and / or lamination, for example, in a central region of the panel away from the edge or joint.

[0291] The tie-down film 520 extends outwardly from the B surface of the trim cover layer 402 to the distal end 522. The tie-down film 520 extends between the first and second portions of each porous spacer material layer or through the gap 506 between the stacks 502, 504 to the barrier layer. The tie-down film 520 is disposed between adjacent stacks 502, 504 of the spacer layer 420. Thus, the tie-down film 520 extends to the distal end 522 so as to cross the spacer material layer 420. In one example, and as shown in the figure, the tie-down film 520 extends through the barrier layer 410 to the distal end 522, so that its distal end is located outside the barrier layer and the barrier layer is located between the distal end and the spacer layer. In other examples, the distal end 522 of the tie-down film may remain inside the barrier layer.

[0292] The tie-down film 520 is connected to the barrier layer 410, for example, adjacent to the distal end 522. The tie-down film 520 may be connected to the barrier layer 410 via any of the techniques described above with respect to bonding.

[0293] The distal end 522 of the tie-down film 520 can be used as a tie-down to the cushion and / or frame of the sheet 320, for example, using clips, hog rings, hook-and-loop fasteners, etc. Beads or apertures for using these attachment functions can be further provided at the distal end of the tie-down film.

[0294] Since the distance between the connection points of the trim cover layer 402 and the barrier layer 410 to the tie-down film 520 forms a tie-down effect or visual appearance with respect to the joint or seam between the panels of the trim assembly, it helps to define the shape of the trim cover layer 402 and the appearance of the trim assembly 500.

[0295] Figure 7 shows a method 600 of forming a trim cover assembly 332 and also provides a method of assembling the trim cover assembly 332 with a seat assembly such as a vehicle seat assembly 320. In various examples, the steps may be performed in other orders, may be performed sequentially or simultaneously. Additionally, additional steps may be added and steps may be omitted. The method 600 may be used to form a trim assembly 400 or a trim assembly 500 according to various embodiments.

[0296] In step 602, a port 412 is inserted or formed in a barrier layer 410.

[0297] In step 604, one or more layers 420 of porous spacer material are disposed between a perforated trim cover layer 402 and the barrier layer 410.

[0298] In one example, a first spacer material layer 422 and a second spacer material layer 424 are disposed between the perforated trim cover layer 402 and the barrier layer 410. In a further step, a trench 426 may be formed in the first spacer layer 422 on a surface that engages the trim cover layer 402 or on a surface facing the trim cover layer 402. The trim cover layer may be formed with a joint 406 between two panels 404. In one example, the joint 406 is a seam, weld, or lamination and there is a butt joint 408 formed by the two panels. The butt joint 408 is disposed in the trench 426 of the spacer layer.

[0299] In another example, a first portion and a second portion of each spacer material layer 420 are disposed between the perforated trim cover layer 402 and the barrier layer 410. The first portions of the spacer layer may be stacked on top of each other in a first stack 502, and the second portions of the spacer layer may be offset from the first stack and stacked on top of each other in a second stack 504 that is non-overlapping with the first stack.

[0300] In step 606, the perforated trim cover layer 402 is connected to the tie-down films 430, 520 with the spacer layer 422 positioned between the trim cover layer 402 and at least a portion of the tie-down film.

[0301] In one example, the tie-down film 430 is laminated under the first spacer material layer 422, on the side opposite the trench 426. In a further example, the tie-down film 430 is disposed between the first and second spacer material layers 422, 424. The lap 408 of the trim cover panel is stitched to the tie-down film 430 through the spacer material layer 422 along the trench 426. Thereafter, the first spacer layer 422 and the tie-down film 430 can be connected to the second spacer layer 424 using, for example, adhesion, welding, lamination, or other techniques.

[0302] In another example, the tie-down film 520 extends laterally to the trim cover layer 402 and is disposed to extend between the first and second portions of each spacer material layer or between the stacks 502, 504 to the distal end 522. The tie-down film 520 is connected to the trim cover layer 402 or can be connected, for example, by stitching or other means, through the joint 406 between two panels such as a seam. Alternatively, the tie-down film 520 may be connected through a decorative stitch or seam or through lamination, adhesion, or welding. The tie-down film 520 is also connected to the barrier layer 410. In one example, the distal end 522 of the tie-down film extends outward from the barrier layer 410 such that the barrier layer is positioned between the distal end 522 and the spacer layer 420. The distal end 522 of the tie-down film may then be additionally used as a tie-down for securing the trim assembly to a cushion of a sheet such as a frame and / or sheet 320.

[0303] In step 608, the perforated trim cover layer 402 is connected to the barrier layer 410, and the trim assemblies 400, 500 are assembled. In one example, the trim cover layer 402 is sewn to the barrier layer 410. The single or plural spacer layers 420 are encapsulated by the trim cover layer and the barrier layer.

[0304] In step 610, the trim assemblies 400, 500 are connected to the frame 322 of the seat assembly. In one example, the trim assemblies 400, 500 may be directly connected to the frame 322 and / or the cushion 340. Various tie-downs such as single or plural tie-downs for the trim assembly 332 may be used to connect the trim assembly 332 to the seat 320, and an additional trim panel 510 may be connected to the seat 320.

[0305] In step 612, the trim assembly is connected to the air system 350 by connecting a fan and / or a pump to the inlet port 412 of the barrier layer 410.

[0306] In step 614, the trim assembly 332 of the seat 320 is ventilated by providing an air flow from the air system 350 to the port 412 of the barrier layer 410, from a fan and / or an air pump of the air system. The air flow is schematically shown by arrows in FIGS. 2 and 5. Since the barrier layer 410 is impermeable to air, air can only exit the trim assembly 332 through the perforated trim cover layer 402. Air flows into the trim assembly 332 and rises through the second and first spacer layers 422, 424 since each layer is porous and breathable. In the case of the trim assembly 400 having the tie-down 430, air generally flows around the tie-down, although there may also be air passing through the tie-down. In the case of the trim assembly 500 having the tie-down 520, air flows laterally within the trim assembly 500 such that air flows into various portions of the spacer layer and through the stacks 502, 504 and into various regions of the trim assembly 500 and may cross the tie-down 520. It should be noted that for any trim assembly, the structure of the porous spacer layer 420 is such that air is dispersed and diffused throughout the trim assemblies 400, 500 and different areas of the trim cover layer 402. The air then flows through the perforated trim cover layer 402 to the seat occupant.

[0307] In other examples, elements such as a heating layer within the trim assembly 332 may be activated to supply heat from the trim assembly to the seat occupant.

[0308] In one or more embodiments, an assembly (e.g., 400) includes a perforated trim cover layer (e.g., 402), a tie-down film (e.g., 430) (e.g., a reinforcing layer) connected to the trim cover layer (e.g., 402), a barrier layer (e.g., 410) (e.g., a non-permeable layer such as a continuous plastic layer that is non-permeable to air (e.g., a thermoplastic polyurethane sheet or film)) connected to the trim cover layer (e.g., 402), and a porous spacer material layer (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a reticulated foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric)) such that air is allowed to pass through and across the layer) disposed between the trim cover layer (e.g., 402) and the barrier layer (e.g., 410) (e.g., a non-permeable layer such as a continuous plastic layer that is non-permeable to air (e.g., a thermoplastic polyurethane sheet or film)).

[0309] In some embodiments, the porous spacer material layer (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a reticulated foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric)) such that air is allowed to pass through and across the layer) is disposed between the trim cover layer (e.g., 402) and at least a portion of the tie-down film (e.g., 430) (e.g., a reinforcing layer).

[0310] In various embodiments, the assembly (e.g., 400) further includes a ventilation port (e.g., 412) connected to the barrier layer (e.g., 410) (e.g., a non-permeable layer such as a continuous plastic layer that is non-permeable to air (e.g., a thermoplastic polyurethane sheet or film)).

[0311] In one or more embodiments, a spacer material layer (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a reticulated foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric)) having other features that allow air to pass through and across the layer) is surrounded by a trim cover layer (e.g., 402) and a barrier layer (e.g., 410) (e.g., a non-permeable layer such as air-impermeable (e.g., a continuous plastic layer such as a thermoplastic polyurethane sheet or film)).

[0312] In various embodiments, an assembly (e.g., 400) includes a second porous spacer material layer (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a reticulated foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric)) having other features that allow air to pass through and across the layer).

[0313] In some embodiments, a second porous spacer material layer (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a reticulated foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric)) having other features that allow air to pass through and across the layer) is disposed between a first porous spacer material layer (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a reticulated foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric)) having other features that allow air to pass through and across the layer) and a barrier layer (e.g., 410) (e.g., a non-permeable layer such as air-impermeable (e.g., a continuous plastic layer such as a thermoplastic polyurethane sheet or film)).

[0314] In one or more embodiments, the first porous spacer material layer (e.g., 420) includes a reticulated foam.

[0315] In various embodiments, the second porous spacer material layer (e.g., 420) includes a spacer fabric.

[0316] In some embodiments, the trim cover layer (e.g., 402) is connected to a barrier layer (e.g., 410) (e.g., a non-permeable layer such as non-permeable to air, e.g., a continuous plastic layer such as a thermoplastic polyurethane sheet or film) around the outer periphery of the assembly (e.g., 400).

[0317] In one or more embodiments, the assembly (e.g., 400) further includes one or more trim panels (e.g., 404) connected to the assembly (e.g., 400) adjacent to its outer periphery.

[0318] In one or more embodiments, the assembly (e.g., 400) further includes one or more tie-downs (e.g., 400) connected to the assembly (e.g., 400) adjacent to its outer periphery.

[0319] In various embodiments, the assembly (e.g., 400) further includes a perforated heating pad disposed between the trim cover layer (e.g., 401) and the barrier layer (e.g., 410) (e.g., a non-permeable layer such as non-permeable to air, e.g., a continuous plastic layer such as a thermoplastic polyurethane sheet or film).

[0320] In some embodiments, the perforated trim cover layer (e.g., 402) includes a first panel (e.g., 404) connected to a second panel (e.g., 404) along a joint (e.g., 406) (e.g., a seam) by an overlap (e.g., 408) (e.g., the region between the edge and the joint region or stitching line in two panels connected together).

[0321] In one or more embodiments, the joint (e.g., 406) includes a seam (e.g., 432).

[0322] In various embodiments, the tie-down membrane (e.g., 430) (e.g., a reinforcing layer) is connected to the joint (e.g., 406) (e.g., a seam) of the first and second panels (e.g., 404) and / or the splice (e.g., 408) (e.g., the region between the edge and the joint area or the stitching line in two panels connected together).

[0323] In some embodiments, the porous spacer material layer (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer or a reticulated foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric, etc.))) defines a trench (e.g., 426), and the splice (e.g., 408) (e.g., the region between the edge and the joint area or the stitching line in two panels connected together) is received in the trench (e.g., 426).

[0324] In one or more embodiments, the splice (e.g., 408) (e.g., the region between the edge and the joint area or the stitching line in two panels connected together) is stitched to the tie-down membrane (e.g., 430) through a porous spacer material (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a reticulated foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric, etc., a layer having other features that allow air to pass through and across the layer))).

[0325] In various embodiments, the tie-down membrane (e.g., 430) (e.g., a reinforcing layer) is connected to the trim cover layer (e.g., 402) via decorative stitching, adhesion, and / or lamination in the central region of the panel, e.g., 404.

[0326] In some embodiments, the perforated trim cover layer (e.g., 402) includes leather, leatherette, vinyl, and / or fabric.

[0327] In one or more embodiments, a barrier layer (e.g., 410) (e.g., a non-permeable layer such as non-permeable to air (e.g., a continuous plastic layer such as a thermoplastic polyurethane sheet or film)) includes a non-permeable layer.

[0328] In various embodiments, the barrier layer (e.g., 410) includes plastic.

[0329] In some embodiments, a tie-down film (e.g., 430) (e.g., a reinforcing layer) is laminated between a first porous spacer material layer and a second porous spacer material layer (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a reticulated foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material or spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric)) having other features that allow air to pass through and across the layer), so that the tie-down film (e.g., 430) (e.g., a reinforcing layer) is separated from the trim cover layer by the first porous spacer material layer (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a reticulated foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material or spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric)) having other features that allow air to pass through and across the layer).

[0330] In one or more embodiments, the first spacer material layer (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a reticulated foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material or spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric)) having other features that allow air to pass through and across the layer) and the tie-down film e.g., 430 (e.g., a reinforcing layer) are each connected to a second spacer material layer (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a reticulated foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material or spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric)) having other features that allow air to pass through and across the layer).

[0331] In various embodiments, a first spacer material layer (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a reticulated foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric)) having other features that permit air to pass through and across the layer) and a tie-down film (e.g., 430) (e.g., a reinforcing layer) are each connected to a second spacer material layer (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a reticulated foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric)) having other features that permit air to pass through and across the layer) via adhesion and / or lamination.

[0332] In some embodiments, the tie-down film (e.g., 430) (e.g., a reinforcing layer) includes a non-woven fabric.

[0333] In one or more embodiments, a porous spacer material layer (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a reticulated foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric)) having other features that permit air to pass through and across the layer) includes a first portion and a second portion, and the tie-down film (e.g., 430) (e.g., a reinforcing layer) extends to a barrier layer (e.g., 410) (e.g., a non-permeable layer such as non-permeable to air (e.g., a continuous plastic layer such as a thermoplastic polyurethane sheet or film)) between the first portion and the second portion of the porous spacer material layer (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a reticulated foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric)) having other features that permit air to pass through and across the layer).

[0334] In various embodiments, a second porous spacer material layer (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a reticulated foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric)) having other features that permit air to pass through and across the layer) includes a first portion and a second portion, and a tie-down membrane (e.g., 430) (e.g., a reinforcing layer) extends to a barrier layer (e.g., 410) (e.g., a non-permeable layer such as air-impermeable (e.g., a continuous plastic layer such as a thermoplastic polyurethane sheet or film)) between the first and second portions of the second porous spacer material layer (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a reticulated foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric)) having other features that permit air to pass through and across the layer).

[0335] In some embodiments, the tie-down membrane (e.g., 430) (e.g., a reinforcing layer) extends laterally through the spacer material layer (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a reticulated foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric)) having other features that permit air to pass through and across the layer) and the barrier layer (e.g., 410) (e.g., a non-permeable layer such as air-impermeable (e.g., a continuous plastic layer such as a thermoplastic polyurethane sheet or film)) to a distal end.

[0336] In one or more embodiments, a barrier layer (e.g., 410) (e.g., a non-permeable layer such as non-permeable to air (e.g., a continuous plastic layer such as a thermoplastic polyurethane sheet or film)) is disposed between a distal end of a tie-down membrane 430 (e.g., a reinforcing layer) and a spacer material layer (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a reticulated foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric)) having other characteristics that allow air to pass through and across the layer), such that the distal end of the tie-down membrane (e.g., 430) (e.g., the reinforcing layer) is present outside of the barrier layer (e.g., 410) (e.g., a non-permeable layer such as non-permeable to air (e.g., a continuous plastic layer such as a thermoplastic polyurethane sheet or film)).

[0337] In various embodiments, a barrier layer (e.g., 410) (e.g., a non-permeable layer such as a non-permeable layer to air (e.g., a continuous plastic layer such as a thermoplastic polyurethane sheet or film)) is connected to a tie-down membrane (e.g., 430) (e.g., a reinforcing layer).

[0338] In some embodiments, the tie-down membrane (e.g., 430) (e.g., the reinforcing layer) is perforated.

[0339] In one or more embodiments, the tie-down membrane (e.g., 430) (e.g., the reinforcing layer) includes a screen.

[0340] In one or more embodiments, a sheet assembly (e.g., 320) includes a support structure (e.g., 322) such as a frame and an assembly (e.g., 400) supported by the support structure (e.g., 322) (e.g., the frame).

[0341] In various embodiments, the sheet assembly (e.g., 320) further includes a cushion member covered by the assembly (e.g., 400).

[0342] In some embodiments, the assembly (e.g., 400) is connected to the frame and / or cushioning members (e.g., 328, 330).

[0343] In various embodiments, the seat assembly (e.g., 400) further includes an air pump (e.g., 352) and / or a fan (e.g., 352) connected to a barrier layer (e.g., 410) (e.g., a non-permeable layer such as impermeable to air, e.g., a continuous plastic layer such as a thermoplastic polyurethane sheet or film).

[0344] In one or more embodiments, the method (e.g., 460) includes disposing one or more layers of porous spacer material (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable or perforated layer, or a reticulated foam, e.g., urethane or other foam material or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric) having other features that permit air to pass through and across the layer) between a perforated trim cover layer (e.g., 402) and a barrier layer (e.g., 410) (e.g., a non-permeable layer such as impermeable to air, e.g., a continuous plastic layer such as a thermoplastic polyurethane sheet or film) (i.e., step 461), connecting the perforated trim cover layer (e.g., 402) to the tie-down membrane (e.g., 430) (e.g., a reinforcing layer) such that a spacer layer (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable or perforated layer, or a reticulated foam, e.g., urethane or other foam material or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric) having other features that permit air to pass through and across the layer) is disposed between the trim cover layer (e.g., 402) and at least a portion of the tie-down membrane (e.g., 430) (i.e., step 466), and connecting the perforated trim cover layer (e.g., 402) to the barrier layer (e.g., 410) (e.g., a non-permeable layer such as impermeable to air, e.g., a continuous plastic layer such as a thermoplastic polyurethane sheet or film) to assemble the trim assembly (i.e., step 468).

[0345] In various embodiments, the placing step 461 (i.e., placing one or more spacer layers (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a reticulated foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric)) having other features that allow air to pass through and across the layer) between a perforated trim cover layer (e.g., 402) and a barrier layer (e.g., 410) (e.g., a non-permeable layer such as non-permeable to air (e.g., a continuous plastic layer such as a thermoplastic polyurethane sheet or film)) further includes placing a first spacer material layer (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a reticulated foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric)) having other features that allow air to pass through and across the layer) and a second spacer material layer (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a reticulated foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric)) having other features that allow air to pass through and across the layer) between a perforated trim cover layer (e.g., 402) and a barrier layer (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a reticulated foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric)) having other features that allow air to pass through and across the layer).

[0346] In some embodiments, the method (e.g., 460) further includes forming trenches (e.g., 426) in a spacer material layer (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a layer having other features that allow air to pass through and across the layer, such as an open-cell foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material) or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric)) (i.e., step 462), and placing the overlap (e.g., 408) (e.g., the area between an edge and a joint region or a stitching line in two panels that are connected together) of a joint (e.g., 406) (e.g., a seam) between two panels (e.g., 404) of a trim cover layer (e.g., 402) in the trenches (e.g., 426) (i.e., step 463).

[0347] In one or more embodiments, the method (e.g., 460) further includes laminating a spacer material layer (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a layer having other features that allow air to pass through and across the layer, such as an open-cell foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material) or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric)) between a tie-down membrane (e.g., 430) (e.g., a reinforcing layer) and the trim cover layer 402 (i.e., step 464), and sewing the overlap (e.g., 408) (e.g., the area between an edge and a joint region or a stitching line in two panels that are connected together) to the tie-down membrane 430 (e.g., a reinforcing layer) through the spacer material layer (e.g., 420) (a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or an open-cell foam, e.g., urethane or other foam material, or a spacer fabric, e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric, having other features for allowing air to pass through and across the layer) along the trenches (e.g., 426) (e.g., step 466).

[0348] In various embodiments, the placing step 461 (i.e., placing one or more layers of porous spacer material (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a reticulated foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric)) having other characteristics that allow air to pass through and across the layer) between a perforated trim cover layer (e.g., 402) and a barrier layer (e.g., 410) (e.g., a non-permeable layer such as air-impermeable (e.g., a continuous plastic layer such as a thermoplastic polyurethane sheet or film)) further includes placing a first portion and a second portion of the spacer material layer (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a reticulated foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric)) having other characteristics that allow air to pass through and across the layer), and placing a tie-down membrane (e.g., 430) (e.g., a reinforcing layer) to extend laterally with respect to the trim cover layer 402 and between the first portion and the second portion of the spacer material layer 420 (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a reticulated foam (e.g., urethane or other foam material or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric)) having other characteristics that allow air to pass through and across the layer) (i.e., step 465).

[0349] In some embodiments, the method (e.g., 460) further includes connecting a distal end (e.g., 522) to the barrier layer (e.g., 410) (e.g., a non-permeable layer such as air-impermeable (e.g., a continuous plastic layer such as a thermoplastic polyurethane sheet or film)) (i.e., step 467).

[0350] In one or more embodiments, the method (e.g., 460) further includes connecting a trim assembly (e.g., 500) to a frame of the sheet assembly 320 (i.e., step 469).

[0351] In various embodiments, the method (e.g., 460) further includes placing an inlet port (e.g., 412) in a barrier layer (e.g., 410) (e.g., an impermeable layer such as impermeable to air, e.g., a continuous plastic layer such as a thermoplastic polyurethane sheet or film) (i.e., step 470).

[0352] In some embodiments, the method (e.g., 460) further includes connecting a fan and / or a pump (e.g., 352) to the inlet port (e.g., 412) (i.e., step 472).

[0353] In one or more embodiments, the method (e.g., 460) further includes passing an air flow through a spacer material layer (e.g., 420) (e.g., a breathable layer or a perforated layer, or a reticulated foam such as a urethane or other foam material or a spacer fabric (e.g., a knit or mesh spacer fabric), having other features that allow air to pass through and across the layer) and through a perforated trim cover layer (e.g., 402) to vent the trim assembly (e.g., 400) to the inlet port (e.g., 412) (i.e., step 474).

[0354] In various embodiments, the method (e.g., 460) further includes passing an air flow across a tie-down membrane (e.g., 430) (e.g., a reinforcing layer) (i.e., step 474).

[0355] FIG. 11 shows a vehicle seat assembly 720 according to some embodiments. The vehicle seat assembly 720 is provided with a seat bottom 722 adapted to be mounted on a vehicle floor. The vehicle seat assembly 720 may be provided in any row of the vehicle. The vehicle seat assembly 720 includes a seat back 724 extending upright from the seat bottom 722. The vehicle seat assembly 720 also includes a headrest 726 extending above the seat back 724. The vehicle seat assembly 720 may be employed in any type of vehicle including land vehicles, water vehicles, aircraft, etc. The vehicle seat assembly 720 may be any seat assembly such as an office chair, furniture, etc.

[0356] The vehicle seat assembly 720 includes a plurality of adjacent trim cover segments 728, 729 covering the seat bottom 722, the seat back 724, and the headrest 726 to conceal the frame, cushion, and functional components. A seat cushion 730 is provided on the seat bottom 722. The seat cushion 730 may be formed by twisting a thermoplastic plastic mesh or foam.

[0357] FIG. 12 shows a trim cover assembly 731 according to some embodiments. The trim cover assembly 731 is provided with a first trim cover layer 732 and a second fluid-impermeable layer 742 sized to be disposed on the seat cushion 730. The first fluid-impermeable layer 732 may be composed of a cushioning material such as foam. The first fluid-impermeable layer 732 may be composed of any airtight material or an impermeable polymer material such as polyethylene. According to one embodiment, the first fluid-impermeable layer 732 is sewn to the plurality of adjacent trim cover segments 728, 729. According to some embodiments, the first fluid-impermeable layer 732 is adhered or welded to the plurality of adjacent trim cover segments 728, 729.

[0358] In addition, a seam 736 extending through the first impermeable layer 732 is provided in a plurality of adjacent trim cover segments 728, thereby defining a first zone 738 and a second zone 740. The second fluid-impermeable layer 742 can be formed from an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene, or the like. According to some embodiments, the first fluid-impermeable layer 732 is provided with a plurality of through-formed vents 734. Despite the plurality of vents 734 being illustrated and described, any number of vents 734 may be utilized. The vents 734 direct an air flow through the trim cover assembly 731. The plurality of vents 734 are optional if the plurality of adjacent trim cover segments 738, 729 are impermeable with through-holes formed therein. In addition, the first fluid-impermeable layer 732 is thermally insulating.

[0359] The second fluid-impermeable layer 742 cooperates with the first fluid-impermeable layer 732 to provide a fluid chamber 744 therebetween. The second fluid-impermeable layer 742 is provided with a first portion 746 and a second portion 748. The first portion 746 extends through the first zone 738, and the second portion 748 extends through the second zone 740. A first flap 766 is provided in the first portion 746 of the second fluid-impermeable layer 742, which extends between the first zone 738 and the second zone 740 and is sewn to form the seam 736. A second flap 768 is further provided in the second portion 748 of the second fluid-impermeable layer 742, which extends in a direction opposite to the first flap 766 for connection to the seat cushion 730. The second fluid-impermeable layer 742 is perforated, for example, along the first flap 766, to allow air to pass through the first zone 738 and the second zone 740.

[0360] Continuing to refer to FIG. 12, the trim cover assembly 731 is further provided with a first fluid permeable layer 754, 755 and a second fluid permeable layer 756, 757. The fluid permeable layers 754, 755, 756, 757 are formed of an elastic and porous material such as a porous foam, an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh, a woven three-dimensional spacer material. The first fluid permeable layers 754, 755 are displaced along the first fluid impermeable layer 732. The first fluid permeable layers 754, 755 extend through the first zone 38 and the second zone 740 and are separated at the seam 736, and each becomes a first fluid permeable layer portion 754, 755 within one of the zones 738, 740. According to some embodiments, the first fluid permeable layers 754, 755 are sewn to the seam 736. According to some embodiments, the first fluid permeable layers 754, 755 may be laminated and not sewn to the seam 736.

[0361] The second fluid permeable layers 756, 757 are spacer fabrics sized to be received within the fluid chamber 44 and are spaced apart from the first fluid permeable layers 754, 755. The second fluid permeable layers 756, 757 extend through the first zone 738 and the second zone 740 and are separated at the seam 736, and each becomes a second fluid permeable layer portion 756, 757 within one of the zones 738, 740. The second fluid permeable layers 756, 757 are also displaced along the perforated second fluid impermeable layer 742, allowing air to flow through the first zone 738 and the second zone 740. Without the permeable layers 754, 755, 756, 757, the impermeable layers 732, 742 may be compressed when the weight of the occupant is applied, and the air flow may be blocked when using the fan 752. When the trim cover assembly 731 utilizes a compressor as opposed to the fan 752, the permeable layers 754, 755, 756, 757 may be omitted.

[0362] The trim cover assembly 731 is also provided with a heat transfer layer 758 that is displaced along the first fluid-impermeable layer 732 and spaced apart from the second fluid-impermeable layer 742. In some embodiments, the heat transfer layer 758 may be displaced along the trim cover segments 728, 729, or alternatively, may be displaced between the second fluid-permeable layers 756, 757 and the fan 752. In some embodiments, the heat transfer layer 758 may be displaced between the first fluid-permeable layers 754, 755 and the first fluid-impermeable layer 732. The heat transfer layer 758 is provided with an electrically conductive heater mat. The trim cover assembly 731 is further provided with outer trim cover segments 728, 729 disposed on the first fluid-impermeable layer 732 and the second fluid-impermeable layer 742. The trim cover segments 728, 729 are perforated so that liquid can pass through the outer trim cover 728. The trim cover segments 728, 729 are also provided with apertures 764 along the seam 736 so that air can pass through the first zone 738 and the second zone 740. Further, the trim cover segments 728, 729 are sewn to the first fluid-impermeable layer 732 without an adhesive. According to some embodiments, the trim layer segments 728, 729 are adhered to the first fluid-impermeable layer 732.

[0363] Referring to FIG. 12, the trim cover assembly 731 is provided with a fluid actuator 750 such as a fan 752. The fluid actuator 750 is directly welded to the second fluid-impermeable layer 742 to seal the connection around the fluid actuator 750 according to some embodiments. The fan 752 is connected to the second fluid-impermeable layer 742 by a retaining ring according to some embodiments. The fan 752 is installed between the trim cover 728 and the seat cushion 730. The seat cushion 730 includes a receptacle sized to receive the fan 752. Conventional fans are installed under the vehicle seat cushion and outside the trim cover assembly. By installing the fan 752 on the seat cushion 730, the fan 752 can be displaced within the trim cover assembly 731.

[0364] Prior art seat assemblies with heating and cooling capabilities often have fans oriented under the cushion. At this time, fluid ducts are assembled to pass through the cushions and trim covers of conventional seat assemblies. Since the fluid-impermeable layers 732, 742, permeable layers 754, 755, 756, 757, heat transfer layer 758, and fluid actuator 750 are all pre-assembled within the trim cover assembly 731, the trim cover assembly 731 as a whole can be installed on the seat frame. This reduces manufacturing costs and time compared to the prior art.

[0365] The trim cover assembly 731 is operable with a permeable non-foamed sheet cushion 730 formed from a thermoplastic mesh. The second fluid-impermeable layer 742 provides a barrier between the fluid chamber 744 and the seat cushion 730. When used with the foam cushion 730, the second fluid-impermeable layer 742 may be omitted if the cushion 730 is air-impermeable. In this case, the fluid actuator 750 can be directly welded to the first fluid-impermeable layer 732 to convey fluid through the plurality of vents 734 of the fluid-impermeable layer 732. Alternatively, the fluid actuator 750 may be separated from the trim cover 728.

[0366] FIG. 13 shows a second fluid-impermeable layer 742 according to some embodiments. The second fluid-impermeable layer 742 is provided with a first portion 746 and a second portion 748. The first portion 746 extends through a first zone 738 of the trim cover assembly 731. The second portion 748 extends through a second zone 740 of the trim cover assembly 731. The first portion 746 is further provided with a first flap 766 that extends between the first zone 738 and the second zone 740. In one embodiment, the first flap 766 is perforated to allow air flow between the first zone 738 and the second zone 740. In some embodiments, the first flap 766 may be segmented to allow air flow between the first zone 738 and the second zone 740. The second portion 748 is further provided with a second flap 768 that extends in a direction opposite to the first flap 766, and the second portion 748 is connected to the seat cushion 730. The first portion 746 and the second portion 748 may be fixed by sewing, welding, adhesion, or other means.

[0367] FIG. 14 shows the second fluid-impermeable layer 742 according to some embodiments as a continuous sheet. The second fluid-impermeable layer 742 extends through the first zone 738 and the second zone 740. The second fluid-impermeable layer 742 is provided with a first flap 760 and a second flap 762. The first flap 760 extends between the first zone 738 and the second zone 740. In addition, the first flap 760 is perforated to allow air to pass through the first zone 738 and the second zone 740. The second flap 762 extends in a direction opposite to the first flap 760 and may be attached to the seat cushion 730. The first and second flaps 760, 762 may be sewn, welded, adhered, or otherwise fixed to the second fluid-impermeable layer 742.

[0368] In one or more embodiments, the assembly (e.g., 731) is sized to be disposed on a sheet cushion (e.g., 730) such as a foam or a twist of a thermoplastic mesh, a first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 732) (e.g., any air-impermeable material or impermeable polymer material such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene), a plurality of adjacent trim cover segments (e.g., 728, 729) sewn to the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 732) (e.g., any air-impermeable material or impermeable polymer material such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene) to hide the frame, cushion, and other functional parts, and a seam (e.g., 736) extending through the frame, cushion, and other functional parts, and the plurality of adjacent trim cover segments (e.g., 728, 729) to hide the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 732) (e.g., any air-impermeable material or impermeable polymer material such as polyethylene).

[0369] In various embodiments, the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 732) (e.g., any air-impermeable material or impermeable polymer material such as polyethylene) further includes a plurality of vents (e.g., 734) formed therethrough.

[0370] In some embodiments, the seam (e.g., 736) extends through the first impermeable layer (e.g., 732) (e.g., any air-impermeable material or impermeable polymer material such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene), thereby defining a first zone (e.g., 738) and a second zone (e.g., 740) of the trim cover segment (e.g., 728).

[0371] In one or more embodiments, the assembly (e.g., 731) further includes a second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 742) (e.g., any airtight or impermeable polymeric material such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene) that cooperates with a first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 732) to provide a fluid chamber (e.g., 744) therebetween.

[0372] In various embodiments, the second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 742) (e.g., any airtight or impermeable polymeric material such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene) further includes a first portion (e.g., 746) that extends through a first zone (e.g., 738) and a second zone (e.g., 740).

[0373] In some embodiments, the second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 742) (e.g., any airtight or impermeable polymeric material such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene) further includes a second portion (e.g., 748) that extends in a direction opposite to the first portion (e.g., 746) for connecting to a seat cushion (e.g., 730).

[0374] In one or more embodiments, the second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 742) (e.g., any airtight or impermeable polymeric material such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene) is perforated to allow air to pass through the first zone (e.g., 738) and the second zone (e.g., 740).

[0375] In various embodiments, the assembly (e.g., 731) further includes a fluid actuator (e.g., 750) (e.g., a fan) attached to a second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 742) (e.g., any airtight or impermeable polymeric material such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene), and conveys fluid (e.g., air) through a fluid chamber (e.g., 744) and out of a first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 732) (e.g., any airtight or impermeable polymeric material such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene).

[0376] In some embodiments, the fluid actuator (e.g., 750) (e.g., a fan) is further attached to one of a first zone (e.g., 738) or a second zone (e.g., 740) and includes a fan that provides fluid communication through the first zone (e.g., 738) and the second zone (e.g., 740).

[0377] In one or more embodiments, the fluid actuator (e.g., 750) (e.g., a fan) conveys air through a first portion (e.g., 746) of a second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 740) (e.g., any airtight or impermeable polymeric material such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene), a fluid chamber (e.g., 744), and a first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 733) (e.g., any airtight or impermeable polymeric material such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene), such that air passes through the second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 742) (e.g., any airtight or impermeable polymeric material such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene) from the first zone (e.g., 738) to the second zone (e.g., 740).

[0378] In various embodiments, the assembly (e.g., 731) further includes a first fluid permeable layer (e.g., 754, 755) (e.g., an elastic porous material such as a porous foam, an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh, a knitted three-dimensional spacer material) displaced along a first fluid impermeable layer (e.g., 732) (e.g., any airtight or impermeable polymer material such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene).

[0379] In some embodiments, the first fluid permeable layer (e.g., 754, 755) (e.g., an elastic porous material such as a porous foam, an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh, a knitted three-dimensional spacer material) extends through a first zone (e.g., 738) and a second zone (e.g., 740), and the first fluid permeable layer (e.g., 754, 755) (e.g., an elastic porous material such as a porous foam, an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh, a knitted three-dimensional spacer material) is sewn to a seam (e.g., 736).

[0380] In one or more embodiments, the assembly (e.g., 731) further includes a second fluid permeable layer (e.g., 756, 757) (e.g., an elastic porous material such as a porous foam, an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh, a knitted three-dimensional spacer material) sized to be received within a fluid chamber (e.g., 744) and spaced apart from the first fluid permeable layer (e.g., 754, 755) (e.g., an elastic porous material such as a porous foam, an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh, a knitted three-dimensional spacer material).

[0381] In various embodiments, the single or multiple fluid impermeable layers (e.g., 732 / 742) are insulating.

[0382] In some embodiments, a plurality of adjacent trim cover segments (e.g., 728, 729) are perforated to allow fluid (e.g., air) to pass through the trim cover segments (e.g., 728, 729).

[0383] In one or more embodiments, an assembly (e.g., 731), a second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 742) (e.g., any airtight or impermeable polymeric material such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene), extends through a first zone (e.g., 738) and a second zone (e.g., 740), and the second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 742) (e.g., any airtight or impermeable polymeric material such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene) further includes a first perforated portion (e.g., 746) that extends to a seam (e.g., 736) of the trim cover segments (e.g., 728, 729), and a second portion (e.g., 748) connected to a seat cushion (e.g., 730) (foam or non-foamed thermoplastic filament mesh).

[0384] In various embodiments, a seat assembly (e.g., 720) includes a seat bottom (e.g., 722), a seat back (e.g., 724) extending in an upright position from the seat bottom (e.g., 722), a seat cushion (e.g., 730) attached to the seat bottom (e.g., 722) or the seat back (e.g., 724), and a trim cover assembly (e.g., 731) disposed on the seat cushion (e.g., 730).

[0385] In some embodiments, the seat cushion (e.g., 730) is fluid-permeable.

[0386] In one or more embodiments, a method (e.g., 770) includes attaching a plurality of adjacent trim cover segments (e.g., 728, 729) to a first fluid-impermeable layer 732 (e.g., any air-impermeable material such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene, or an impermeable polymeric material) (i.e., step 772), and sewing a seam (e.g., 736) through the adjacent trim cover segments (e.g., 728, 729) and the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 732) (e.g., any air-impermeable material such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene, or an impermeable polymeric material) to form a first zone (e.g., 738) and a second zone (e.g., 740) (i.e., step 774).

[0387] In various embodiments, the method (e.g., 770) further includes attaching (i.e., step 776) a second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 742) (e.g., any air-impermeable material such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene, or an impermeable polymeric material) (e.g., fixing the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 732) (e.g., any air-impermeable material such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene, or an impermeable polymeric material) having a perforated first portion (e.g., 746) extending through the first zone (e.g., 738) and the second zone (e.g., 740) in cooperation with, e.g., sewing, welding, adhering, or other means).

[0388] In some embodiments, the method (e.g., 770) further includes attaching (i.e., step 778) a fluid actuator (e.g., 750) (e.g., a fan) to the second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 742) (e.g., any air-impermeable material such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene, or an impermeable polymeric material).

[0389] In one or more embodiments, the method (e.g., 770) further includes installing a first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 732) (e.g., any air-impermeable material or impermeable polymer material such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene), a second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 742) (e.g., any air-impermeable material or impermeable polymer material such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene), and trim cover segments (e.g., 728, 729) onto a pre-assembled sheet assembly (e.g., 720) having a cushion (e.g., 730) (e.g., a foam or a mesh of polymer yarns) and a frame (e.g., a rigid structure such as steel or aluminum that supports the sub-assembly of the sheet) (e.g., step 780).

[0390] In various embodiments, an assembly (e.g., 731) includes a first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 732) sized to be received by a seat cushion (e.g., 730) (e.g., a foam or a non-foamed mesh of polymer yarns), the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 732) being made of any air-impermeable or impermeable polymer material such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or polyethylene. The first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 732) is provided with at least one vent formed therethrough. A plurality of adjacent trim cover segments (e.g., 728, 729) are sewn to the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 732) by a seam (e.g., 736) extending through the trim cover segments (e.g., 728, 729) and the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 732) to form a first zone (e.g., 738) and a second zone (e.g., 740). A perforated second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 742) made of any air-impermeable or impermeable polymer material such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or polyethylene cooperates with (e.g., is fixed to by sewing, welding, adhesion, or other means) the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 732) to define a fluid chamber (e.g., 744) therebetween. The second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 742) has a first portion (e.g., 746) extending vertically therethrough in the first zone (e.g., 738) and the second zone (e.g., 740), and a first fluid-permeable layer (e.g., 754, 755) sized to be received by the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 732) made of any non-airtight or impermeable polymer material such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or polyethylene. The first fluid-permeable layer (e.g., 754, 755) may be a porous foam, an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh,An elastic porous material such as a braided three-dimensional spacer material), and a first portion (e.g., 746) of a second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 742) (e.g., any air-impermeable material or impermeable polymer material such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene) A fluid actuator (e.g., 750) (e.g., a fan) directly attached to, and a second fluid-permeable layer (e.g., 756, 757) displaced along a first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 732) (e.g., any air-impermeable material or impermeable polymer material such as thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene) (e.g., an elastic porous material such as a porous foam, an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh, a braided three-dimensional spacer material), and a heat transfer layer (e.g., 758) (e.g., a conductive heater mat) along the second fluid-permeable layer (e.g., 756, 757) (e.g., an elastic porous material such as a porous foam, an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh, a braided three-dimensional spacer material) is provided. A conductive heater mat is provided in the heat transfer layer (e.g., 758). The second fluid-permeable layer (e.g., 756, 757) (e.g., an elastic porous material such as a porous foam, an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh, a braided three-dimensional spacer material) is separated from the first fluid-permeable layer (e.g., 754, 757) (e.g., an elastic porous material such as a porous foam, an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh, a braided three-dimensional spacer material).

[0391] Figure 15 shows a vehicle seat assembly 810 according to some embodiments. The vehicle seat assembly 810 is provided with a seat bottom 812 adapted to be mounted to a vehicle floor. The vehicle seat assembly 810 may be provided in any row of the vehicle. The vehicle seat assembly 810 includes a seat back 814 extending upright from the seat bottom 812. The vehicle seat assembly 810 also includes a headrest 816 extending over the seat back 814. The vehicle seat assembly 810 may be employed in any type of vehicle including land vehicles, water vehicles, aircraft, etc. The vehicle seat assembly 810 may be any seat assembly such as an office chair, furniture, etc.

[0392] The vehicle seat assembly 810 is provided with a trim cover 818 that covers the seat bottom 812, the seat back 814, and the headrest 816 to hide the frame, cushion, and functional components. A seat cushion 820 is provided on the seat bottom 812. The seat cushion 820 may be formed by twisting a thermoplastic plastic mesh or foam.

[0393] FIG. 16 shows a trim cover assembly 822 according to some embodiments. The trim cover assembly 822 is provided with a first trim cover layer 824 and a second fluid-impermeable layer 826 sized to be disposed on the seat cushion 820. The first fluid-impermeable layer 824 may be composed of a cushioning material such as foam. The second fluid-impermeable layer 826 may be formed from an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, or polyethylene. The first fluid-impermeable layer 824 is provided with a plurality of through-formed vents 836. Despite the plurality of vents 836 being illustrated and described, any number of vents 836 may be utilized. The vents 836 direct an air flow through the trim cover assembly 822. Additionally, the first fluid-impermeable layer 824 is thermally insulating.

[0394] The second fluid-impermeable layer 826 cooperates with the first fluid-impermeable layer 824 to provide a fluid chamber 825 therebetween. The trim cover assembly 822 is further provided with a first fluid-permeable layer 828 and a second fluid-permeable layer 830. The fluid-permeable layers 828, 830 are formed of an elastic porous material such as a porous foam or an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh. The first fluid-permeable layer 828 is sized to be received within the fluid chamber 825 between the first fluid-impermeable layer 824 and the second fluid-impermeable layer 826. The second fluid-permeable layer 830 is displaced along the first fluid-impermeable layer 824 so as to be spaced apart from the first fluid-permeable layer 828. The first fluid-permeable layer 828 and the second fluid-permeable layer 830 ensure that the first fluid-impermeable layer 824 and the second fluid-impermeable layer 826 are not compressed together by the weight of the occupant. Without the permeable layers 828, 830, the impermeable layers 824, 826 may be compressed when weight is applied by the occupant, and the airflow may be blocked when using the fan 832. If the trim cover assembly 822 utilizes a compressor as opposed to a fan 832, the permeable layers 828, 830 may be omitted.

[0395] The trim cover assembly 822 is also provided with a heat transfer layer 834 that is displaced along the first fluid-impermeable layer 824 and spaced apart from the second fluid-impermeable layer 826. In some embodiments, the heat transfer layer 834 may be displaced along the trim layer 828 or alternatively may be displaced between the second fluid-permeable layer 830 and the fan 832. The heat transfer layer 834 is provided with an electrically conductive heater mat. The trim cover assembly 822 is further provided with an outer trim layer 818 disposed over the first fluid-impermeable layer 824 and the second fluid-impermeable layer 826. The trim layer 818 is perforated so that fluid can pass through the outer trim layer 818. Further, the trim layer 818 is stitched 838 to the first fluid-impermeable layer 824 without an adhesive in some embodiments. According to some embodiments, the trim layer 818 is adhered to the first fluid-impermeable layer 824.

[0396] Continuing to refer to FIG. 16, the trim cover assembly 822 is provided with a fluid actuator 832 such as a fan 832. According to some embodiments, the fluid actuator 832 is directly welded to the second fluid-impermeable layer 826 to seal the connection around the fan 832. The fan 832 is connected to the second fluid-impermeable layer 826 by a retaining ring according to some embodiments. The fan 832 is installed between the trim cover 818 and the seat cushion 820. The seat cushion 820 includes a receptacle sized to receive the fan 832. Conventional fans are installed under the vehicle seat cushion and outside the trim cover assembly. By installing the fan 832 on top of the seat cushion 820, the fan 832 is allowed to be displaced within the trim cover assembly 822.

[0397] Prior art seat assemblies with heating and cooling functions often orient the fan under the cushion. At this time, fluid ducts are assembled to pass through the cushions and trim covers of conventional seat assemblies. Since the fluid-impermeable layers 824, 826, permeable layers 828, 830, heat transfer layer 834, and fluid actuator 832 are all pre-assembled within the trim cover assembly 822, the trim cover assembly 822 as a whole can be installed on the seat frame. This reduces manufacturing costs and time compared to the prior art.

[0398] The trim cover assembly 822 is operable with a permeable non-foamed seat cushion 820 formed from a thermoplastic mesh. The second fluid-impermeable layer 826 provides a barrier between the fluid chamber 825 and the seat cushion 820. When used with a foam cushion 820, the second fluid-impermeable layer 826 may be omitted if the cushion 820 is air-impermeable. In this case, the fluid actuator 832 may be directly welded to the first fluid-impermeable layer 824 to convey fluid through the vent 836 of the fluid-impermeable layer 824. Alternatively, the fluid actuator 832 may be separated from the trim cover 818.

[0399] FIG. 17 shows an outer trim layer 818 having a seam 838 along the outer perimeter, a first fluid-impermeable layer 824, and a second fluid-impermeable layer 826. The seam 838 seals the layers 818, 824, 826 to prevent air from leaking out of the fluid chamber 825. Alternatively, the layers 818, 824, 826 may be attached or welded with an adhesive, as opposed to utilizing the seam 838.

[0400] In one or more embodiments, the assembly (e.g., 822) is sized to be disposed on top of a sheet cushion (e.g., 820) (e.g., a foam, or a non-woven mesh of polymer filaments), and includes a first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 824) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene) having at least one vent (e.g., 836) formed therein, and a fluid actuator (e.g., 832) such as a fan attached to the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 824) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene) to convey fluid (e.g., air) through the vent (e.g., 836) of the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 826) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene).

[0401] In various embodiments, the assembly (e.g., 822) further includes a second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 826) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene) that cooperates with (e.g., is secured by sewing, welding, adhering, or other means to) the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 824) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene) to provide a fluid chamber (e.g., 825) therebetween.

[0402] In some embodiments, a fluid actuator (e.g., 832) such as a fan is directly attached to a second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 826) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene), and fluid (e.g., air) passes through a fluid chamber (e.g., 825) and then is conveyed out through a vent (e.g., 836) of a first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 824) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene).

[0403] In one or more embodiments, the assembly (e.g., 822) further includes a first fluid-permeable layer (e.g., 828) sized to be received within the fluid chamber (e.g., 825) (e.g., an elastic porous material such as a porous foam or an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh).

[0404] In various embodiments, the assembly (e.g., 822) further includes a second fluid-permeable layer (e.g., 830) (e.g., an elastic porous material such as a porous foam or an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh) displaced along a first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 824) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene) spaced apart from the first fluid-permeable layer (e.g., 828).

[0405] In some embodiments, a fluid actuator (e.g., 832) (e.g., a fan) is directly attached to a second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 826) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene).

[0406] In one or more embodiments, a fluid actuator (e.g., 832) (e.g., a fan) is welded to a second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 826) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene).

[0407] In various embodiments, the assembly (e.g., 822) further includes a heat transfer layer 834 (e.g., a conductive heater mat) displaced along a first fluid-impermeable layer 826 (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene) spaced apart from a second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 826) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene).

[0408] In some embodiments, the heat transfer layer (e.g., 834) further includes a conductive heater mat.

[0409] In one or more embodiments, the assembly (e.g., 822) further includes an external trim layer (e.g., 818) disposed over a first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 824) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene) and a second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 826) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene).

[0410] In various embodiments, the external trim layer (e.g., 818) is perforated to allow a fluid (e.g., air) to pass through the external trim layer (e.g., 818).

[0411] In some embodiments, the outer trim layer (e.g., 818) is sewn to the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 824) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene) without an adhesive.

[0412] In one or more embodiments, the fluid actuator (e.g., 832) further includes a fan.

[0413] In various embodiments, the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 824) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene) is insulating.

[0414] In some embodiments, a plurality of vents (e.g., 836) are formed to pass through the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 824) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene).

[0415] In one or more embodiments, a seat assembly (e.g., 810) such as for a vehicle includes a seat bottom (e.g., 812), a seat back (e.g., 814) extending in an upright position from the seat bottom (e.g., 812), a seat cushion (e.g., 820) attached to the seat bottom (e.g., 812) or the seat back (e.g., 814), and a trim cover assembly (e.g., 822) disposed on the seat cushion (e.g., 820).

[0416] In various embodiments, the seat cushion (e.g., 820) is fluid-permeable.

[0417] In one or more embodiments, a method (e.g., 840) includes attaching a fluid actuator (e.g., 832) (e.g., a fan) to a first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 824) (e.g., an impermeable polymeric material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene), attaching an external trim layer (e.g., 818) over the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 824) (e.g., an impermeable polymeric material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene), and installing the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 824) (e.g., an impermeable polymeric material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene) and the external trim layer 818 over a pre-assembled sheet assembly (e.g., 810) having a cushion (e.g., 820) and a frame (i.e., step 844).

[0418] In various embodiments, the method (e.g., 840) further includes attaching a second fluid-impermeable layer to cooperate with the first fluid-impermeable layer to provide a fluid chamber therebetween (i.e., step 845).

[0419] In one or more embodiments, the assembly (e.g., 822) is sized to be received by a seat cushion (e.g., 820) (e.g., a foam or a non-foam such as a non-woven mesh of polymer filaments), and includes a first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 824) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene) sized to be received by the seat cushion (e.g., 820). The first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 824) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene) has at least one vent (e.g., 836) formed therethrough, and a second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 826) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene) that cooperates with the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 824) (e.g., is fastened by sewing, welding, adhesion, or other means). The assembly also includes a first fluid-permeable layer (e.g., 828) (e.g., an elastic porous material such as a porous foam or an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh) sized to be received by the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 824), a fluid actuator (e.g., 832) (e.g., a fan) directly attached to the second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 826) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene), a second fluid-permeable layer (e.g., 830) (e.g., an elastic porous material such as a porous foam or an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh) displaced along the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 824) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene), and a heat transfer layer (e.g., 834) (e.g.,A conductive heater mat), and a perforated outer trim layer (e.g., 818) disposed on a first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 824) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene) and a second impermeable layer (e.g., 826) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene), the perforated outer trim layer (e.g., 818) being provided to allow fluid to pass through the outer trim layer (e.g., 818). The conductive heater mat is provided on the heat transfer layer (e.g., 834). The second fluid-permeable layer (e.g., 830) (e.g., an elastic porous material such as a porous foam or an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh) is spaced apart from the first fluid-permeable layer (e.g., 828) (e.g., an elastic porous material such as a porous foam or an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh).

[0420] FIG. 18 shows a vehicle seat assembly 910 according to some embodiments. The vehicle seat assembly 910 is provided with a seat bottom 912 adapted to be mounted to a vehicle floor. The vehicle seat assembly 910 may be provided in any row of the vehicle. The vehicle seat assembly 910 includes a seat back 914 extending upright from the seat bottom 912. The vehicle seat assembly 910 also includes a headrest 916 extending over the seat back 914. The vehicle seat assembly 910 may be employed in any type of vehicle including land vehicles, water vehicles, aircraft, etc. The vehicle seat assembly 910 may be any seat assembly such as an office chair, furniture, etc.

[0421] The vehicle seat assembly 910 is provided with a trim cover 918 that covers the seat bottom 912, the seat back 914, and the headrest 916 to hide the frame, cushion, and functional components. A seat cushion 920 is provided on the seat bottom 912. The seat cushion 920 may be formed by twisting a thermoplastic plastic mesh or foam. The vehicle seat assembly 910 is also provided with a controller and a pump 944. The controller and the pump 944 may be provided in a module under the seat cushion 920 or may be a multifunctional controller that controls other functions within the vehicle.

[0422] FIG. 19 shows a trim cover assembly 922 according to some embodiments. The trim cover assembly 922 is provided with a first trim cover layer 924 and a second fluid-impermeable layer 928 sized to be disposed on the seat cushion 920. The first trim cover layer 924 is referred to as the first fluid-impermeable layer 924. The first fluid-impermeable layer 924 may be composed of a cushioning material such as foam. The second fluid-impermeable layer 928 may be formed from an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, or polyethylene. According to some embodiments, the first fluid-impermeable layer 924 is provided with a plurality of ventilation holes 926 formed to penetrate therethrough. Despite the plurality of ventilation holes 926 being illustrated and described, any number of ventilation holes 926 may be utilized. The ventilation holes 926 direct an air flow through the trim cover assembly 922. According to some embodiments, if the trim cover 918 has a plurality of holes formed therethrough, the first fluid-impermeable layer 924 and the ventilation holes 926 may be optional. Additionally, the first fluid-impermeable layer 924 is insulating.

[0423] The second fluid-impermeable layer 928 cooperates with the first fluid-impermeable layer 924 to provide a fluid chamber 930 therebetween. The trim cover assembly 922 is further provided with an inflatable bladder assembly 932. The inflatable bladder assembly 932 is, according to some embodiments, supported on the first fluid-impermeable layer 924 and oriented within the fluid chamber 930. According to some embodiments, the inflatable bladder assembly 932 may be displaced outside the fluid chamber 930, such as between the second fluid-impermeable layer 928 and the seat cushion 920.

[0424] The controller 944 is in electrical communication with the pump 944, and the pump 944 is in fluid communication with the inflatable bladder assembly 932 to inflate the assembly 932. The controller 944 is configured to receive an input indicating manual adjustment and to adjust the inflatable bladder assembly 932 to apply pressure to the occupant.

[0425] The trim cover assembly 922 is further provided with a first fluid-permeable layer 934 and a second fluid-permeable layer 936. The fluid-permeable layers 934, 936 are formed from an elastic porous material such as a porous foam or an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh. The first fluid-permeable layer 934 is sized to be received within the fluid chamber 930 displaced over the inflatable bladder assembly 932. The first fluid-permeable layer and the inflatable bladder assembly 932 are oriented between the first fluid-impermeable layer 924 and the second fluid-impermeable layer 928. A plurality of inflatable air bladder assemblies 932 are shown, but any number of air bladder assemblies 932 may be present.

[0426] The second fluid permeable layer 936 is displaced along the first fluid impermeable layer 924 so as to be spaced apart from the first fluid permeable layer 934. The first fluid permeable layer 934 and the second fluid permeable layer 936 ensure that the first fluid impermeable layer 924 and the second fluid impermeable layer 928 are not compressed together by the weight of the occupant. Without the permeable layers 934, 936, the impermeable layers 924, 928 may be compressed when the weight of the occupant is applied, and the air flow may be blocked when using the fan 942. If the trim cover assembly 922 utilizes a compressor as opposed to the fan 942, the permeable layers 934, 936 may be omitted.

[0427] The trim cover assembly 922 is also provided with a heat transfer layer 938 that is displaced along the first fluid impermeable layer 924 and spaced apart from the second fluid impermeable layer 928. In some embodiments, the heat transfer layer 938 may be displaced along the trim layer 918 or alternatively may be displaced between the second fluid permeable layer 928 and the fan 942. In some embodiments, the heat transfer layer 938 may be displaced between the first fluid impermeable layer 924 and the first fluid permeable layer 934. A conductive heater mat is provided on the heat transfer layer 938. The trim cover assembly 922 is further provided with an outer trim layer 918 disposed on the first fluid impermeable layer 924 and the second fluid impermeable layer 928. The trim layer 918 is perforated so that fluid can pass through the outer trim layer 918. Further, the trim layer 918 is sewn to the first fluid impermeable layer 924 without an adhesive in some embodiments. According to some embodiments, the trim layer 918 is adhered to the first fluid impermeable layer 924.

[0428] Continuing to refer to FIG. 19, the trim cover assembly 922 is provided with a fluid actuator 942 such as a fan 940. The fluid actuator 940 is directly welded to the second fluid-impermeable layer 928 so as to seal the connection portion around the fan 942. The fan 942 is connected to the second fluid-impermeable layer 928 by a retaining ring according to some embodiments. The fan 942 is installed between the trim cover 918 and the seat cushion 920. The seat cushion 920 includes a receptacle sized to receive the fan 942. Conventional fans are installed under the vehicle seat cushion and outside the trim cover assembly. By installing the fan 942 on top of the seat cushion 920, the fan 942 can be displaced within the trim cover assembly 922.

[0429] Prior art seat assemblies with heating and cooling functions often orient the fan and massage bladder under the cushion. At this time, the fluid ducts are assembled to pass through the cushion and trim cover of the conventional seat assembly. Since the fluid-impermeable layers 924, 928, the permeable layers 934, 936, the heat transfer layer 938, the air bladder assembly 932, and the fluid actuator 940 are all pre-assembled within the trim cover assembly 922, the trim cover assembly 922 as a whole can be attached to the seat frame. This pre-assembly reduces manufacturing costs and time compared to the prior art.

[0430] Trim cover assembly 922 is operable with a permeable non-foamed sheet cushion 920 formed from a thermoplastic mesh. A second fluid-impermeable layer 928 provides a barrier between the fluid chamber 930 and the sheet cushion 920. When utilized with the foamed cushion 920, the second fluid-impermeable layer 928 may be omitted if the cushion 920 is air-impermeable. In this case, the fluid actuator 940 may be welded directly to the first fluid-impermeable layer 924 to convey fluid through the vent 926 of the fluid-impermeable layer 924. Alternatively, the fluid actuator 940 may be separated from the trim cover.

[0431] In one or more embodiments, an assembly (e.g., 922) includes a first trim cover layer (e.g., 924) sized to be disposed over a sheet cushion (e.g., 920) and at least one inflatable bladder assembly (e.g., 932) supported on the first trim cover layer (e.g., 924) to apply pressure to an occupant.

[0432] In various embodiments, the first trim cover layer (e.g., 924) is fluid-impermeable.

[0433] In some embodiments, the assembly (e.g., 922) further includes a first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 924) (e.g., a cushion material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene, or an impermeable polymer material) including at least one vent (e.g., 926) formed therein.

[0434] In one or more embodiments, the assembly (e.g., 922) further includes a second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 928) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene) that cooperates with (e.g., is secured by sewing, welding, adhesively bonding, or other means) a first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 924) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene) to provide a fluid chamber (e.g., 930) therebetween.

[0435] In various embodiments, the assembly (e.g., 922) further includes a second fluid actuator (e.g., 940), such as a fan, directly attached to the second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 928) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene).

[0436] In some embodiments, the second fluid actuator (e.g., 940) (e.g., a fan) is welded to the second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 928) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene).

[0437] In one or more embodiments, the second fluid actuator (e.g., 940) further includes a fan.

[0438] In various embodiments, at least one inflatable bladder assembly (e.g., 932) is oriented within the fluid chamber (e.g., 930).

[0439] In some embodiments, the assembly (e.g., 922) further includes a first fluid-permeable layer (e.g., 934) sized to be received within a fluid chamber (e.g., 930) (e.g., an elastic porous material such as a porous foam or an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh), and the first fluid-permeable layer (e.g., 934) (e.g., an elastic porous material such as a porous foam or an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh) is displaced over the expandable bladder assembly (e.g., 932).

[0440] In one or more embodiments, the assembly (e.g., 922) further includes a second fluid-permeable layer (e.g., 936) (e.g., an elastic porous material such as a porous foam or an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh) displaced along the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 924) (e.g., an impermeable polymeric material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene) and spaced apart from the first fluid-permeable layer (e.g., 934) (e.g., an elastic porous material such as a porous foam or an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh).

[0441] In various embodiments, the assembly (e.g., 922) further includes a heat transfer layer (e.g., 938) (e.g., a conductive heater mat) displaced along a first fluid-impermeable layer spaced apart from the second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 924) (e.g., an impermeable polymeric material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene).

[0442] In some embodiments, the heat transfer layer (e.g., 938) further includes a conductive heater mat.

[0443] In one or more embodiments, an assembly (e.g., 922) includes an outer trim layer (e.g., 918) disposed over a first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 924) (e.g., an impermeable polymeric material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene) and a second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 926) (e.g., an impermeable polymeric material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene), and the outer trim layer (e.g., 918) is perforated to allow fluid to penetrate the outer trim layer (e.g., 918).

[0444] In one or more embodiments, the outer trim layer (e.g., 918) is sewn to the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 924) (e.g., an impermeable polymeric material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene) without an adhesive.

[0445] In various embodiments, the assembly (e.g., 922) further includes a controller (e.g., 944) in electrical communication with at least one inflatable bladder assembly (e.g., 932) configured to receive an input indicative of a manual adjustment and adjust the at least one inflatable bladder assembly (e.g., 932) to apply pressure to an occupant.

[0446] In various embodiments, the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 924) (e.g., an impermeable polymeric material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene) is insulating.

[0447] In some embodiments, a plurality of vents (e.g., 926) are formed through the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 924) (e.g., an impermeable polymeric material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene).

[0448] In one or more embodiments, at least one inflatable air bladder assembly (e.g., 932) further includes a plurality of inflatable air bladder assemblies (e.g., 932) housed within a fluid chamber (e.g., 930).

[0449] In various embodiments, a seat assembly (e.g., 910) includes a seat bottom (e.g., 912), a seat back (e.g., 914) extending in an upright position from the seat bottom (e.g., 912), a seat cushion (e.g., 920) attached to the seat bottom (e.g., 912) or the seat back (e.g., 914), and an assembly (e.g., 922) disposed on the seat cushion (e.g., 920).

[0450] In some embodiments, the seat cushion (e.g., 920) is fluid permeable.

[0451] In one or more embodiments, a method (e.g., 950) includes installing (i.e., 952) a first trim cover layer (e.g., 918) sized to be disposed on a seat cushion (e.g., 920) and installing (i.e., 954) at least one inflatable bladder assembly (e.g., 932) supported on the first trim cover layer 918 to apply pressure to an occupant.

[0452] In various embodiments, the assembly (e.g., 922) is sized to be received by a seat cushion (e.g., 920) and includes an insulating first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 924) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene, etc.). The first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 924) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene, etc.) has at least one vent (e.g., 926) formed therethrough, and a second fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 928) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene, etc.) that cooperates with the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 924) (e.g., is fastened by sewing, welding, adhesion, or other means), a fluid actuator (e.g., 940) (e.g., a fan) directly attached to the second impermeable layer (e.g., 928) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene, etc.), at least one inflatable bladder assembly (e.g., 932) oriented within a fluid chamber (e.g., 930) to apply pressure to an occupant and supported on the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 924) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene, etc.), a first fluid-permeable layer (e.g., 934) (e.g., an elastic porous material such as a porous foam or an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh) displaced over the inflatable bladder assembly (e.g., 932), a second fluid-permeable layer (e.g., 936) (e.g., an elastic porous material such as a porous foam or an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh) displaced along the first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 924) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene, etc.), and the second fluid-permeable layer (e.g., 936) (e.g.,A heat transfer layer (e.g., 938) (e.g., a conductive heater mat) disposed along an elastic porous material such as a porous foam or an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh, and a first fluid-impermeable layer (e.g., 924) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene) and a second impermeable layer (e.g., 926) (e.g., an impermeable polymer material such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, polyethylene) are provided with a perforated outer trim layer (e.g., 918) disposed thereon, the perforated outer trim layer (e.g., 918) being configured to allow fluid to pass through the outer trim layer (e.g., 918). The second fluid-permeable layer (e.g., 936) (e.g., an elastic porous material such as a porous foam or an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh) is spaced apart from the first fluid-permeable layer (e.g., 934) (e.g., an elastic porous material such as a porous foam or an extruded thermoplastic resin mesh). The heat transfer layer (e.g., 938) is provided with a conductive heater mat.,

[0453] FIG. 20 shows a seat assembly 1020 according to some embodiments. The seat assembly 1020 is depicted as a vehicle seat assembly 1020. The seat assembly 1020 can be used in any vehicle, such as a land vehicle, an aircraft, a water bike, etc. Although a vehicle seat assembly 1020 is disclosed, any seat assembly 1020, such as an office chair, can be implemented.,

[0454] The seat assembly 1020 includes a seat bottom assembly 1022 adapted to be attached to a vehicle floor. The seat bottom assembly 1022 is sized to receive and support the pelvis and thighs of an occupant seated on the seat bottom assembly 1022. The seat back assembly 1024 extends upright from the seat bottom assembly 1022. The seat back assembly 1024 is sized to receive and support the back of a seated occupant. The headrest assembly 1026 extends above the seat back assembly 1024 and supports the head of a seated occupant.,

[0455] The seatback assembly 1024 includes a seat support member of cushioning material such as a cushion 1028, providing support adapted to the occupant. The cushion 1028 is formed from a cushioning material such as polyurethane foam and is structured to be sufficient to support the occupant while also providing comfort to the occupant. The cushion 1028 includes a central region 1030 sized to support the occupant's lumbar and chest regions. A pair of bolsters 1032 each extend laterally outward from the central region 1030, forward from the central region 1030, and in the fore-and-aft direction so as to provide lateral support to the occupant's lumbar and chest. The cushion 1028 also includes a shoulder region 1034 that extends above and slightly forward of the central region 1030 to receive and support the occupant's shoulders. At the front surface of the cushion 1028, the central region 1030, the bolsters 1032, and the shoulder region 1034 collectively provide a support surface 1036 for occupant contact and support.

[0456] Referring now to FIGS. 20 and 21, the seat assembly 1020 includes a local pressure assembly such as a massage assembly 1038 for imparting a local pressure effect such as a massage effect to a seated occupant. To impart a massage effect to various regions or zones within the seat assembly 1020, the massage assembly 1038 includes a plurality of local pressure devices such as massage devices 1040 each disposed in one of a plurality of zones along the central region 1030 of the cushion 1028. The massage devices 1040 are oriented to the central region 1030, but the massage devices 1040 can be utilized in any region of the seat assembly 1020. Although massage devices are illustrated and described, any local pressure device such as a tactile device, lumbar adjustment, bolster adjustment, shoulder adjustment, etc. may be used.

[0457] As shown in FIG. 21, the massage device 1040 is oriented on the rear surface 1042 of the seat cushion 1028. The rear surface 1042 of the seat cushion 1028 is spaced from the support surface 1036 and sized to be mounted to the frame or other structural support of the seat assembly 1020. The seat cushion 1028 may also have a concave back surface 1042 to partially conceal and enclose the massage device 1040 and other functional or structural components of the seat assembly 1020.

[0458] In the illustrated embodiment, the massage device 1040 is an inflatable air bladder 1040. For that purpose, the seat assembly 1020 includes a pump and valve bank 1044 that fluidly cooperates with each of the air bladders 1040 to inflate and deflate the air bladders 1040. The seat assembly 1020 or the vehicle includes a controller 1046 that communicates with the pump and valve 1044 to control the operation of the pump and valve 1044.

[0459] In the prior art, seat assemblies having massage assemblies have been provided. Prior art massage assemblies often include a massage device oriented on the support surface of the seat cushion. By placing the massage device on the front side, the massage effect can be directly transmitted to the occupant. However, placing the massage device on the support surface often requires assembling the massage assembly through the seat cushion. For example, the massage device is drawn out from an aperture in the seat cushion to be connected to a pneumatic air source or a power source, and pneumatic tubes or wiring extend through the cushion to reach the rear surface of the seat cushion. Orienting the massage device on the support surface adds complexity, manufacturing time, and cost to prior art massage assemblies.

[0460] Typically, in the prior art, it is avoided to dispose the massage device 1040 on the rear surface 1042 of the seat cushion 1028. In the prior art seat cushion, due to the operation of the massage device, the foam of the seat cushion is compressed before applying a detectable pressure to the occupant, so the massage effect is essentially attenuated. In addition, the massage effect from the rear surface of the cushion is often dispersed over the entire support surface of the seat cushion. To displace the support surface of the prior art seat cushion, it is often necessary to displace the entire support surface, resulting in a "tent-like" effect of the cushion.

[0461] To effectively impart an effective massage effect from the rear surface 1042 of the seat cushion 1028, a plurality of movable parts or joint parts 1048 are formed in the seat cushion 1028. The movable part 1048 is translatable relative to the remaining part of the seat cushion 1028 by a weakened area 1050 formed between the movable part 1048 and the seat cushion 1028. The weakened area 1050 partially separates the movable part 1048 from the central area 1030 so as to allow the translation of the movable part 1048 while maintaining the connection between the movable part 1048 and the seat cushion 1028. The movable part 1048 may be formed of a material different from that of the seat cushion 1028 so as to be suitable for the applied function. For example, while the seat cushion 1028 can be formed of a foam such as polyurethane, the movable part 1048 may include a compression fiber or other material for elasticity as a joint movement device. The additional material of the movable part 1048 may be insert-molded into the foam of the movable part 1048.

[0462] The seat assembly 1020 includes a trim cover 1060 that covers the seat cushion 1028 to hide the cushion 1028 and the massage assembly 1038. According to various embodiments, a comfort layer, a spacer fabric, a reticulated foam, a dense material, or any suitable material may be provided between the trim cover 1060 and the seat cushion 1028.

[0463] One of the plurality of movable parts 1048 is shown in detail in FIGS. 22 through 24. FIGS. 23 and 24 show that the seat cushion 1028 is attached to the seat frame 1058. The seat frame 1058 may be formed from stamped steel, a polymer substrate, or any suitable material. The massage device 1040 is oriented between the movable part and the seat frame 1058. The massage device 1040 may be adhered to the rear surface of the movable part 1048 by an adhesive. Since the seat frame 1058 has sufficient elasticity to provide a reaction force to the actuator 1040, the massage effect is efficiently distributed to the movable part 1048 by the concentrated energy and displacement.

[0464] FIGS. 22 through 24 show that the overall shape of the movable part 1048 is defined by the weakened region 1050. The movable part 1048 is sized to correspond to the shape of an actuator such as the massage bladder 1040. The weakened region 1050 includes a pair of slots 1052 formed to penetrate the seat support surface 1036. The slots 1052 collectively extend to surround most of the outer periphery of the movable part 1048. The slots 1052 also define a pair of tethers 1054 between the movable part 1048 and the remaining portion of the seat support surface 1036 of the seat cushion 1028. The tethers 1054 are sized to connect the movable part 1048 to be relatively movable with respect to the seat support surface 1036. Although one tether 1054 is shown, the quantity and orientation of the tethers 1054 are arbitrary.

[0465] The weakened area 1050 also includes a recess 1056 formed in the rear surface 1042 of the seat cushion 1028. The recess 1056 is formed to a blind depth as shown in FIG. 24 such that the tether 1054 has a reduced thickness with respect to the movable portion 1048 and the central region 1030. The recess 1056 extends around the outer periphery of the movable portion 1048 and intersects the slot 1052. According to some embodiments, the weakened area 1050 may be provided with a recess 1056 formed around the outer periphery of the movable portion 1048 without the slot 1052 such that the tether 1054 extends around the outer periphery of the movable portion 1048 as a web. The weakened area 1050 may be formed in the seat cushion 1028 by any forming operation of the seat cushion 1028 such as a molding operation.

[0466] According to some embodiments, the tether 1054 may be sized to be sheared after an initial operation of the massage device 1040. For example, the tether 1054 may be sized to maintain the position and orientation of the movable portion 1048 until the movable portion 1048 is adhered to the massage device 1040. Thereafter, the tether 1054 is torn after several cycles of the massage device 1040, allowing the untethered translation of the movable portion 1048, so that the movement performance can be further improved.

[0467] As shown in FIG. 25, each of the movable portions 1048 is individually translatable in the front - rear direction of the vehicle seat assembly 1020. The movable portion 1048 enhances the massage effect by effectively distributing the pressure and energy from the massage device 1040 to the movable portion 1048 and the occupant in a state of increased strength compared to the prior art.

[0468] Referring now to FIGS. 20 through 25, the massage assembly 1038 simplifies the manufacturing process of the massage assembly while minimizing the overall number of parts. The massage assembly 1038 also minimizes energy loss by allowing the massage points 1048 of the foam to articulate back and forth relative to a seated occupant. The massage device 1040 and associated components such as tubes and connectors are installed on the rear surface 1042 of the seat cushion 1028 without being connected through the foam of the seat cushion 1028. By disposing the massage device 1040 on the rear surface 1042, the massage assembly 1038 can be pre-assembled by installation to the frame 1058.

[0469] FIG. 26 shows a seat cushion 1062 according to some embodiments. The seat cushion 1062 is similar to the previous embodiments. The seat cushion 1062 also includes a reinforcement portion 1064 on the front surface of each movable portion 1048. The reinforcement portion 1064 may embody the entire movable portion 1048. The reinforcement portion 1064 can even embody the tether 1054 according to the displacement specifications of a particular application. The reinforcement portion 1064 is hard to increase the efficiency of transmitting energy from the massage device 1040 to the occupant during massage operation by alleviating the attenuation and dissipation of the massage effect, and as a result, may be formed from a foam having a higher hardness than the remaining portion of the seat cushion 1028 so as to provide a hard surface.

[0470] The reinforcement portion 1064 may be formed from a high density or durometer foam that is molded separately from the remaining portion of the seat cushion 1028. The reinforcement portion 1064 may be molded separately as a unit and then insert molded with a soft foam relative to the remaining portion of the seat cushion 1028. Alternatively, the reinforcement portion 1064 and the seat cushion 1028 may be molded together in a common mold in a multi-step process.

[0471] A vehicle seat assembly (e.g., 1020) is provided that includes a support member (e.g., a panel, substrate, or frame) for supporting a cushion (e.g., 1028) that includes a cushioning material such as a polyurethane foam. The support member defines a support surface (e.g., 1036) sized to support an occupant and includes a weakened region (e.g., 1050), such as a pair of slots 1052 formed through the support surface 1036. The weakened portion (e.g., 1050) provides a movable portion (e.g., 1048). The movable portion (e.g., 1048) may be formed from a material different from the cushioning material and translates relative to the seat support surface (e.g., 1036) (e.g., the movable portion 1048 is formed from compressed fibers while the cushioning material is a polyurethane foam). In various embodiments, the translation is due to a local pressure effect, such as a massage effect, from a pressurized bladder or the like applied to the rear surface of the movable portion (e.g., 1048) from a local pressure device (e.g., massage device 1040). The local pressure device (e.g., massage device 1040) is provided on the rear surface of the support of the cushioning material. In one or more embodiments, the rear surface (e.g., 1042) of the cushion (e.g., 1028) is spaced from the seat support surface (e.g., 1036).

[0472] In a variant, the weakened region (e.g., 1050), such as a pair of slots 1052 formed through the support surface 1036, extends around the outer perimeter of the movable portion (e.g., 1048) (e.g., around most of the outer perimeter). In various embodiments, the weakened region (e.g., 1050) is defined as a recess (e.g., 1056) formed in the support member to partially separate the movable portion (e.g., 1048) from the support surface (e.g., 1036). In some embodiments, the recess (e.g., 1056) is formed to pass through the support member. In one or more embodiments, the recess (e.g., 1056) is formed to a blind depth having a tether (e.g., 1054) in the weakened region (e.g., 1050). In various embodiments, the weakened region (e.g., 1050) is defined as a plurality of recesses formed in the support member to partially separate the movable portion (e.g., 1048) from the remainder of the support member.

[0473] In one or more embodiments, the support member includes at least one tether (e.g., 1054) that connects the movable portion (e.g., 1048) and the seat support surface (e.g., 1036). In a variant, the seat support surface (e.g., 1036) has a first thickness and the tether has a second thickness that is smaller than the first thickness. In some embodiments, the at least one tether (e.g., 1054) is sized to tear during initial operation so as to allow translation of the movable portion (e.g., 1048) without the tether.

[0474] In one or more embodiments, the movable portion (e.g., 1048) is reinforced relative to the seat support surface (e.g., 1036) by being formed from compression fibers, instead of polyurethane foam, or instead of a foam with high hardness, high density, or high resilience, so as to disperse the local pressure effect imparted from a local pressure device (e.g., a massage device such as a fluid bladder (e.g., an air bladder)) to the reinforcement portion (e.g., 1064). For example, the support member is formed with a first hardness and the movable portion (e.g., 1048) is formed with a second hardness that is greater than the first hardness.

[0475] A local pressure assembly (e.g., massage assembly 1038) is provided for imparting a local pressure effect, such as a massage effect, to a seated occupant. The local pressure assembly (e.g., massage assembly 1038) includes a local pressure device (e.g., massage device 1040) and the support member described herein that includes a weakening region (e.g., 1050), a movable portion (e.g., 1048), a tether (e.g., 1054), and / or a reinforcement portion (e.g., 1064).

[0476] In various embodiments, the local pressure device (e.g., massage device 1040) includes an inflatable air bladder.

[0477] A seat assembly (e.g., 1020) will be described. The seat assembly (e.g., 1020) includes a seat frame (e.g., 1058) (such as a rigid material (e.g., metal, plastic, wood, or a combination thereof)), a local pressure device (e.g., massage device 1040) provided on the seat frame (e.g., 1058), and a support member (e.g., including weakened area 1050, movable part 1048, tether 1054, and / or reinforced part 1064 herein) provided on the seat frame (e.g., 1058), where the support member is installed on the seat frame (e.g., 1058) with the local pressure device (e.g., massage device 1040) aligned with the movable part 1048.

[0478] A support member (e.g., a panel, substrate, or frame) of a cushion (e.g., 1028) including a cushioning material (e.g., polyurethane foam) is provided. The support member provides a seat support surface (e.g., 1036) sized to support an occupant, and includes a reinforced part (e.g., 1064) (e.g., compressed fibers, or a foam with a greater hardness, stiffness, and / or density) within the seat support surface (e.g., 1036) to disperse a local pressure effect (e.g., a massage effect) applied from the local pressure device (e.g., massage device 1040) to the reinforced part (e.g., 1064).

[0479] In one or more embodiments, the support member is formed with a first hardness, and the reinforced part (e.g., 1064) is formed with a second hardness greater than the first hardness.

[0480] A local pressure assembly (e.g., massage assembly 1038) including a local pressure device (e.g., massage device 1040) and the support member described herein is provided.

[0481] A seat assembly is also provided that includes a seat frame (e.g., 1058, a rigid material such as metal, plastic, wood, or a combination thereof), a local pressure device (e.g., massage device 1040) provided on the seat frame (e.g., 1058), and a support member described herein installed on the seat frame (e.g., 1058) with the local pressure device (e.g., massage device 1040) aligned with a reinforcement portion (e.g., 1064).

[0482] In one or more embodiments, a seat support member of cushioning material (e.g., polyurethane foam) is provided. The seat support member includes a seat support surface (e.g., 1036) sized to support an occupant. The seat support surface (e.g., 1036) also includes a plurality of recesses formed through the seat support surface (e.g., 1036) and partially extending around the outer periphery of a movable portion (e.g., 1048, e.g., compressed fibers or a foam having a high stiffness, hardness, and / or density). The plurality of recesses allow translation resulting from a local pressure effect (e.g., a massage effect) applied from the local pressure device (e.g., massage device 1040) to the movable portion (e.g., 1048). The support member is formed with a first hardness and the movable portion (e.g., 1048) is formed with a second hardness greater than the first hardness. Specifically, the seat support surface (e.g., 1036) has a first thickness. In some embodiments, the seat support member of cushioning material includes at least one tether connecting the movable portion and the seat support surface, and the tether has a second thickness less than the first thickness. The support member is formed with a first hardness and the movable portion is formed with a second hardness greater than the first hardness.

[0483] FIG. 27 shows a seat system 1120 according to some embodiments. The seat system 1120 is a vehicle seat system 1120 for a land vehicle, a watercraft, an aircraft, etc. The seat system 1120 may also be a seat system 1120 such as a comfort chair, an office chair, etc. In a vehicle environment, the seat system 1120 may be a front row seat system 1120, or a subsequent middle row or rear row seat system 1120.

[0484] The seat system 1120 includes a seat bottom 1122 sized to support the occupant's pelvis and thighs. The seat bottom 1122 is adapted to be mounted to the vehicle floor. A seat back 1124 extends in an upright direction from the seat bottom 1122. The seat back 1124 is sized to receive and support the occupant's back. The seat back 1124 may be supported by the seat bottom 1122 or a support surface thereunder. A headrest 1126 for supporting the occupant's head is also provided on the seat back 1124.

[0485] The seat system 1120 provides contact surfaces 1128, 1130 for receiving and comfortably supporting the occupant. The seat system 1120 includes at least one actuator assembly 1132 provided within the seat system 1120 within the contact surfaces 1128, 1130. Although one actuator assembly 1132 is shown and described, any number or location of actuator assemblies 1132 may be used. The actuator assembly 1132 may be utilized to impart tactile effects to the occupant such as vibrations to convey an alert, vibrations to impart a massage, pressure to impart a pressure massage effect, support to the occupant, etc.

[0486] In the depicted embodiment, the actuator assembly 1132 is a fluid bladder 1132 such as an air bladder 1132. The fluid bladder 1132 is for imparting a pressure massage effect to the occupant. The fluid bladder 1132 is also disposed in the side bolster 1134 of the seat back 1124 and can provide adjustable support to the occupant.

[0487] Seat system 1120 includes a valve assembly 1136 that is in fluid communication with a fluid bladder 1132. A pump 1138, such as a compressor, is in fluid communication with the valve assembly 1136 to provide a source of pressurized fluid, such as compressed air, to the valve assembly 1136. Any number of pumps 1138 and electric valves 1136 may be used. Alternatively, a plurality of pumps 1138 may be used without using any electric valves 1136.

[0488] The controller 1140 is in electrical communication with the pump 1138 and operates the pump 1138 to generate a source of pressurized air. The controller 1140 is also in electrical communication with the valve assembly 1136 to control the valve assembly 1136 and regulate the flow of pressurized air to the valve assembly 1136. The valve assembly 1136 is housed within the seat back 1124 or seat bottom 1122 of the seat system 1120. The controller 1140 is housed within the vehicle and, in some embodiments, is housed within the seat back 1124 or seat bottom 1122.

[0489] The system 1120 also includes an interface 1142 that is in electrical communication with the controller 1140. The interface 1142 receives a manual selection of a massage effect. The interface 1142 communicates a massage request to the controller 1140. The interface 1142 may be a mechanical selector switch or a plurality of switches. The interface 1142 may also be another human-machine interface, such as a graphical user interface for a passenger to select a massage effect. The interface 1142 may be incorporated into the seat system 1120 or provided elsewhere within the vehicle. The interface 1142 may be integrated with the controller 1140.

[0490] The controller 1140 is programmed such that the massage assembly 1132 is initially deactivated. Thus, the massage assembly 1132 is initially inoperable without being activated. The operation of the massage assembly 1132 can be activated as a service, incentive, subscription, promotion, or other marketing or retail effort. For example, the hardware of the massage assembly 1132 is installed in the seat system 1120, but it will not become operable until after activation of the operation.

[0491] The activation code may be provided by a software application accessible by a personal digital assistant (PDA) 1144 such as a smartphone. The PDA 1144 can be any controller configured to receive the activation code and transmit the code to the controller 1140. The PDA 1144 communicates wirelessly with a receiver 1146 in the vehicle or seat system 1120, and the receiver 1146 communicates with the controller 1140. For example, an occupant may install an application configured with the activation code on the PDA 1144. The occupant may subscribe to the service or access the activation code. The activation code is transmitted to the controller 1140 to activate or unlock the operation of the massage assembly 1132. The interface 42 may be provided in the software application along with the activation code of the PDA 1144.

[0492] Alternatively, the massage operation may be an option of the vehicle package. For example, a manufacturer, dealer, or other retailer may activate the massage operation based on the purchased vehicle package.

[0493] FIG. 28 shows a massage assembly 1148 that can be installed as a massage assembly 1132 in a seat system 1120. The massage assembly 1148 includes a pair of lumbar bladders 1150 that are oriented in the lumbar region of the seat surface 1130 and impart a pressure massage effect to the occupant. A valve assembly 1152 is in fluid communication with the lumbar bladders 1150 and a pump 1154, and sends pressurized air from the pump 1154 through the valve assembly 1152 to the lumbar bladders 1150. According to some embodiments, the massage assembly 1148 provides one massage effect, namely, the inflation and deflation of the lumbar bladders 1150. Alternatively, the massage assembly 1148 can provide multiple massage effects by means of additional valves or additional massage programs.

[0494] FIG. 29 shows an example of how the massage assembly 1148 in the seat system 1120 operates. At block 1156, the controller determines whether the massage is approved, such as when receiving an activation code from the PDA 1144. If the massage operation is not approved, block 1156 is repeated. If the massage is approved, block 1158 determines whether the massage operation was requested by a selection at the interface 42. If the massage effect is not requested, block 1158 is repeated. If the massage effect is requested, the massage operation is executed at block 1160.

[0495] Figure 30 shows a massage assembly 1162 according to some embodiments. The massage assembly 1162 is shown to be mounted to a suspension 1164 that supports the massage assembly 1162 for installation to a seat frame. The massage assembly 1162 includes a plurality of inflatable air bladders. These inflatable air bladders include a lumbar bladder 1166, an array of increasingly spaced air bladders 1168, a neck bladder 1170, and a pair of side bolster air bladders 1172. Each of these air bladders 1166, 1168, 1170, 1172 may be individually inflatable to support an occupant. Each of the air bladders 1166, 1168, 1170, 1172 may also be individually inflatable or may be inflatable in groups to perform a plurality of massage effects.

[0496] With various massage options, the massage assembly 1162 can provide a plurality of massage effects by the operation of the air bladders 1166, 1168, 1170, 1172, and / or various combinations of their various patterns. By providing a plurality of massage effects, various subscriptions or trim level options can be provided to an end user to obtain various authorization codes.

[0497] Figure 31 shows a method of operating a massage assembly, such as massage assembly 1162, that provides at least two massage effects. At block 1174, the controller determines whether a first massage is approved. If not, the determination at block 1174 is repeated. When the first massage is approved, the controller determines, at block 1176, whether a second massage effect is approved. If the second massage effect is not approved, at block 1178, the controller determines whether a first massage effect is requested. If not, block 1176 is repeated. If a first massage effect is requested at block 1178, a first massage operation is executed at block 1180. The next block 1176 is repeated.

[0498] At step 1176, if a second massage is approved, block 1182 determines whether a first massage effect is requested. If a first massage effect is requested, a first massage operation is executed at step 1184. The next block 1182 is repeated. If a first massage effect is not requested at block 1182, step 1186 is executed and it is determined whether a second massage effect is requested. If a second massage effect is requested at block 1186, a second massage operation is executed at step 1188.

[0499] In one or more embodiments, an assembly (e.g., 1132 / 1134) (e.g., including a pair of lumbar bladders 1150) is described. The assembly (e.g., 1132 / 1134) is operable to provide a massage effect (e.g., a pressure massage effect or a vibration massage effect) to a seat assembly, and includes a massage actuator (e.g., 1148) (e.g., a fluid bladder 1150 such as an air bladder including, but not limited to, a lumbar bladder, a bolster bladder, and / or a shoulder bladder, a valve assembly 1136 / 1152, and / or a pump 1138 / 1154), and a controller (e.g., 1140) that communicates with the massage actuator (e.g., 1148) (e.g., a fluid bladder 1150 such as an air bladder including, but not limited to, a lumbar bladder, a bolster bladder, and / or a shoulder bladder, a valve assembly 1136 / 1152, and / or a pump 1138 / 1154). In various embodiments, the controller (e.g., 1140) is provided as one or more controllers or control modules for various components and systems. The controller (e.g., 1140) and the control system may include any number of controllers, may be integrated into a single controller, or may have various modules. Some or all of the controller may be connected by a controller area network (CAN) or other system. It is recognized that any controller, circuit, or other electrical device disclosed herein may include any number of microprocessors, integrated circuits, memory devices (e.g., FLASH, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), or other suitable variations thereof), and software that cooperate with each other to perform the operations disclosed herein. Further, any one or more of the electrical devices disclosed herein may be configured to execute a computer program embodied on a non-transitory computer-readable medium programmed to perform any number of functions as disclosed herein.In various embodiments, a controller (e.g., 1140) receives an input indicating approval, such as an approval code, to operate a massage actuator (e.g., 1148) (e.g., a fluid bladder 1150 such as an air bladder including, but not limited to, a lumbar bladder, a bolster bladder, and / or a shoulder bladder, a valve assembly 1136 / 1152, and a pump 1138 / 1154), receives an input indicating a massage request (e.g., a manual selection of a massage effect as on an interface), and, in response to the approval (e.g., approval code) and the massage request (e.g., a manual selection of a massage effect as on an interface), is programmed to output a signal to operate the massage actuator (e.g., 1148) (e.g., a fluid bladder 1150 such as an air bladder including, but not limited to, a lumbar bladder, a bolster bladder, and / or a shoulder bladder, a valve assembly 1136 / 1152, and a pump 1138 / 1154).

[0500] Specifically, a massage actuator (e.g., 1148) (e.g., a fluid bladder 1150 such as an air bladder including, but not limited to, a lumbar bladder, a bolster bladder, and / or a shoulder bladder, a valve assembly 1136 / 1152, and / or a pump 1138 / 1154) is operable to provide at least two massage effects (e.g., a pressurized tactile effect and a vibrating tactile effect), and a controller 1140 is configured to provide a first massage effect (e.g., a pressurized massage or a vibrating massage) in response to an approval of the first massage effect (e.g., an approval code) and a request for the first massage effect (e.g., a manual selection of an interface) by receiving an input (e.g., an approval code) indicating approval to operate a first massage effect (e.g., a pressurized massage) of the massage actuator (e.g., 1148) (e.g., a fluid bladder 1150 such as an air bladder including, but not limited to, a lumbar bladder, a bolster bladder, and / or a shoulder bladder, a valve assembly 1136 / 1152, and / or a pump 1138 / 1154), receiving an input indicating a request for the first massage effect (e.g., a manual selection in an interface), and being programmed to output a first massage effect signal to operate the massage actuator (e.g., 1148) (e.g., a fluid bladder 1150 such as an air bladder including, but not limited to, a lumbar bladder, a bolster bladder, and / or a shoulder bladder, a valve assembly 1136 / 1152, and / or a pump 1138 / 1154).

[0501] In some embodiments, the controller (e.g., 1140) is configured to provide a second massage effect (e.g., a pressurized massage or a vibrating massage) in response to an approval of the second massage effect (e.g., an approval code) and a request for the second massage effect (e.g., a manual selection at the interface). To do so, the controller receives an input (e.g., an approval code) indicating approval to operate a second massage effect (e.g., a pressurized massage) of a massage actuator (e.g., 1148) (e.g., a fluid bladder 1150 such as an air bladder including, but not limited to, a lumbar bladder, a bolster bladder, and / or a shoulder bladder, a valve assembly 1136 / 1152, and / or a pump 1138 / 1154), receives an input indicating a request for the second massage effect (e.g., a manual selection at the interface), and is programmed to output a second massage effect signal that operates the massage actuator (e.g., 1148) (e.g., a fluid bladder 1150 such as an air bladder including, but not limited to, a lumbar bladder, a bolster bladder, and / or a shoulder bladder, a valve assembly 1136 / 1152, and / or a pump 1138 / 1154).

[0502] In some embodiments, the massage actuator (e.g., 1148) includes at least one air bladder. In various embodiments, the massage actuator (e.g., 1148) includes a valve assembly (e.g., 1136 / 1152) in fluid communication with a pump (e.g., 1138 / 1154) and at least one air bladder assembly (e.g., 1150). Specifically, the valve assembly (e.g., 1136 / 1152) is in electrical communication with the controller (e.g., 1140) and conveys pressurized air from the pump (e.g., 1138 / 1154) to at least one air bladder assembly (e.g., 1150) in response to a signal from the controller (e.g., 1140).

[0503] A seat assembly (e.g., 1120) is described. The seat assembly (e.g., 1120) includes a seat bottom (e.g., 1122), a seat back (e.g., 1124) extending upright from the seat bottom (e.g., 1122), and an assembly (e.g., 1148 / 1162) described herein. The assembly (e.g., 1148 / 1162) includes a massage actuator (e.g., 1148 / 1162) (e.g., fluid bladders 1150 such as air bladders including, but not limited to, lumbar bladders, bolster bladders, and / or shoulder bladders, valve assemblies 1136 / 1152, and / or pumps 1138 / 1154) oriented in the seat bottom (e.g., 1122) or the seat back (e.g., 1124).

[0504] A system (e.g., 1120) includes an assembly (e.g., 1148) described herein and an interface (e.g., 1142) that communicates electrically with a controller (e.g., 1140) to output an input indicating a massage request (e.g., manual selection of a massage effect) to the controller (e.g., 1140).

[0505] In some embodiments, the system (e.g., 1120) includes a second controller that communicates with the controller to output an input indicating approval.

[0506] A method is also provided. The method includes installing a massage actuator (e.g., 1148) (e.g., a fluid bladder 1150 such as an air bladder including, but not limited to, a lumbar bladder, a bolster bladder, and / or a shoulder bladder, a valve assembly 1136 / 1152, and / or a pump 1138 / 1154) in a seat assembly (e.g., 1120) to provide a massage effect (e.g., a pressure massage or a vibration massage) (i.e., step 1190), and deactivating the massage actuator 1148 to prevent operation of the massage actuator 1148 (i.e., step 1196). In various embodiments, the method further includes connecting the massage actuator (e.g., 1148) to a controller (e.g., 1140) that controls the operation of the massage actuator (e.g., step 1192), programming the controller (e.g., 1140) to deactivate the operation of the massage actuator (e.g., 1148) (e.g., step 1194), retailing an activation code for activating the massage actuator (e.g., 1148) (i.e., step 1197), inputting an activation code for activating the massage actuator (e.g., 1148, and / or by retailing a software application having an activation code for activating the massage actuator) (i.e., step 1198), and / or inputting a massage request (e.g., a manual selection of a massage effect) to the massage actuator 1148 to provide a massage effect (e.g., a pressure massage or a vibration massage) from the activated massage actuator 1148 (i.e., step 1199). In various embodiments, the massage actuator (e.g., 1148) is activated using a wireless device (e.g., 1144). Specifically, the method includes activating the massage actuator (e.g., 1148) to execute a first massage effect with a first activation code.In some embodiments, the method may further include activating a massage actuator (e.g., 1148) with a second activation code to perform a second massage effect. In one or more embodiments, the method includes disposing at least one air bladder assembly (e.g., 1150) and at least one valve assembly (e.g., 1153) within a seat assembly (e.g., 1120).

[0507] A seat assembly (e.g., 1120) is also provided that includes a seat bottom (e.g., 1122), a seat back (e.g., 1134) extending upright from the seat bottom (e.g., 1122), a massage assembly, and a controller (e.g., 1140) that communicates with a massage actuator. The massage assembly includes a massage actuator (e.g., 1148) that is oriented in the seat bottom (e.g., 1122) or the seat back (e.g., 1124) and is operable to provide a massage effect (e.g., a pressure massage or a vibration massage). The controller (e.g., 1140) is programmed to receive an input indicating an approval (e.g., an approval code) to operate the massage actuator, receive an input indicating a massage request (e.g., a manual selection of a massage effect), and output a signal to operate the massage actuator (e.g., 1148) in response to the approval (e.g., the approval code) and the massage request (e.g., the manual selection of the massage effect). In various embodiments, the massage actuator (e.g., 1148) is operable to provide at least two massage effects (e.g., a pressure massage effect and a vibration massage effect).In some embodiments, the controller receives an input indicating approval (e.g., an approval code) to operate a first massage effect (e.g., a pressure massage or a vibration massage) of a massage actuator (e.g., 1148), receives an input indicating a request for the first massage effect (e.g., a manual selection of a massage effect), and outputs a first massage effect signal to operate the massage actuator (e.g., 1148) to provide the first massage effect (e.g., a pressure massage or a vibration massage) in response to the first massage effect approval (e.g., an approval code) and the first massage effect request (e.g., a manual selection of a massage effect). The controller is programmed to receive an input indicating approval (e.g., an approval code) to operate a second massage effect (e.g., a pressure or a vibration) of the massage actuator (e.g., 1148), receive an input indicating a request for the second massage effect (e.g., a manual selection of a massage effect), and output a second massage effect signal to operate the massage actuator (e.g., 1148) to provide the second massage effect (e.g., a pressure or a vibration massage effect) in response to the second massage effect approval (e.g., an approval code) and the second massage effect request (e.g., a manual selection of a massage effect).

[0508] Referring to FIGS. 32 to 33, a massage bladder 1200 having a round portion 1210 is disclosed. Specifically, the bladder 1200 includes a first sheet 1220 that cooperates with a second sheet 1230 to define a bladder chamber having a circular shape that can be filled with fluid. Specifically, the first and second sheets 1220, 1230 can cooperate by means of adhesives, heat staking, and / or ultrasonic welding, hot plate welding, hot swaging, cold pressing, etc. For example, heat staking can form a local joint between two sheets 1220, 1230 to form a seal. Specifically, the sheets 1220, 1230 can be fixed by heat staking along the outer periphery of the round portion and / or the fluid passage to form a continuous heat staking line. The seal allows the passage to expand when a fluid such as an air flow passes through at a pressure above a threshold value.

[0509] In a variant, the chamber is spherical, hemispherical, spherical, cylindrical, ellipsoidal. In one or more embodiments, the round / curved shape can be formed on the first and / or second sheets 1220, 1230 so that the first and / or second sheets 1220, 1230 do not flatten under environmental conditions. For example, the first sheet 120 can be flat and the second sheet 1230 can be formed with half of a round shape (e.g., hemispherical) as shown in FIGS. 32 to 33, or vice versa. The bladder 1200 also includes a fluid passage 1240 to allow fluid to enter and exit the chamber.

[0510] The sheets 1202 and 1204 are generally made of a material that is impermeable to fluids such as air. In a variant, the sheet is an organic polymer material (i.e., plastic) such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, acrylic, polycarbonate, or a combination thereof. The sheet may be thermoplastic or thermosetting. For example, the sheet may be thermoplastic polyurethane. Specifically, the shape and size of the sheets 1202 and 1204 may be any suitable size that fits a seat such as a vehicle seat. In a variant, the shape and size may be suitable for providing a massage effect to a human body such as a human back and / or neck. In other details, the shape and size of the first sheet and the second sheet are substantially similar or the same. In one or more embodiments, the plastic sheet has a thickness of less than 5 mm, more preferably less than 1 mm, and even more preferably less than 0.5 mm. In a variant, the thickness is from 0.01 to 5 mm, more preferably from 0.1 to 1 mm, and even more preferably from 0.2 to 0.5 mm.

[0511] In one or more embodiments, as shown in FIG. 33, the rounded portion projects sharply from the plane X-X defined by the sheet. In a variant, the rounded portion of the sheet defines a cavity that is at least 30%, more preferably at least 50%, and even more preferably at least 60% of the rounded shape. For example, the rounded portion defines a chamber having a shape that is at least 30%, more preferably at least 50%, and even more preferably at least 60% of a sphere. Specifically, the chamber has the shape of a hemisphere (i.e., 50% of a sphere).

[0512] In some further embodiments, as shown in FIG. 36, the bladder 1600 includes a first sheet 1620 and a second sheet 1630, each having a rounded shape 1610 (e.g., a hemisphere) formed thereon. In a variant, a plurality of rounded shapes formed thereon are aligned such that the chambers they form have a shape different from the shape formed in any one of them. By aligning the formed portions of the sheets, a chamber embodying at least 60% of the rounded shapes, more preferably at least 75% of the rounded shapes, and even more preferably at least 90% of the rounded shapes can be obtained. For example, a hemisphere is formed on each of the first sheet 1620 and the second sheet 1630, and when these are combined, a spherical chamber is defined. Specifically, the hemisphere or sphere has a radius of 5 to 35 mm, more preferably 10 to 30 mm, and even more preferably 15 to 25 mm. For example, the radius is 21.335 mm.

[0513] A flat structure such as a conventional accordion or bellows-shaped bladder is inefficient and costly. In many cases, these bladders are formed by a plurality of flat (unformed) sheets. For example, as shown in FIGS. 34 to 35, a conventional bladder 1400 requires at least four sheets to cooperate to define a chamber, which requires additional materials and processing. In other words, the bladder 1200 described herein has a large ratio of volume to surface area, so less material is required. Further, while a flat shape has a large contact area so that the pressure felt or experienced by the occupant is small, a rounded or pointed shape (i.e., a shape having the apex of the shaper) has a small contact area at the apex that exerts a large finger pressure effect or a large pressure resulting in a massage, as shown in FIGS. 37 to 42.

[0514] Figures 37 through 42 are diagrams showing the body pressure distribution when the maximum pressure is applied. These charts are obtained by placing a pressure-sensitive mat between the occupant and the bladder assembly and measuring the pressure when the bladder is filled and released. To obtain pressure data such as the average maximum pressure applied, a group of occupants are tested. The red areas indicate the regions with the highest pressure, and the blue areas indicate the regions with the lowest pressure. Figures 37, 39, and 41 show the massage assembly with the bladder described herein as depicted in Figures 32 through 33, whereas Figures 38, 40, and 42 show the conventional massage assembly with a conventional accordion bladder as depicted in Figures 34 through 35. As shown, the conventional bladder is not very concentrated and the pressure exerted on the occupant is also low. Figures 37 and 38 show the average maximum pressure exerted on the 5th percentile occupant, Figures 39 and 40 show the average maximum pressure exerted on the 50th percentile occupant, and Figures 41 and 42 show the average maximum pressure exerted on the 95th percentile occupant. In one or more embodiments, the bladder can exert a pressure of at least 1.8 PSI (12.4 kPa), more preferably at least 2.0 PSI (13.8 kPa), and even more preferably at least 2.5 PSI (17.2 kPa) on the occupant.

[0515] Table 1 (below) gives the average maximum pressure based on the body pressure distribution test data.

Table 1

[0516] The average maximum pressure exerted on the occupant by the massage assembly having the bladder disclosed herein is significantly greater than that of an assembly using a conventional bladder. The concentrated bladder described herein also provides a greater massage effect due to the small chamber volume that expands and contracts quickly. Similar results were also obtained with the bladder depicted in Figure 36.

[0517] Referring to FIG. 43, a massage assembly 1500 is disclosed, such as for the seat 1700 shown in FIG. 45. Specifically, the seat 1700 includes a seat back 1700 and / or a seat bottom 1704. The massage assembly 1500 is disposed on the seat back 1702 and / or the seat bottom 1704. In addition to the massage assembly 1500, the seat also includes a seat frame 1706 that supports the assembly 1500 and a cushion 1708. Specifically, the seat 1700 also includes a trim cover 1710 disposed on the cushion 1708. In a variant, the seat 600 is a seat for a vehicle such as an automobile, a motorcycle, a watercraft, an aircraft, and / or a locomotive.

[0518] The massage assembly 1500 includes a plurality of bladders 1510 as described herein and a plurality of fluid passages 1512 having a first end that terminates in a chamber of the plurality of bladders 1510. The second end of the passage 1512 may cooperate with a flow guiding device such as a compressor or a pump so as to receive fluid from the compressor or the pump. Specifically, the second end of the passage 1512 may cooperate with a valve assembly 1514 for adjusting the massage effect. In other words, the valve assembly may be disposed between the fluid passage and the flow guiding device. In a variant, a first seat 1502 and a second seat cooperate to form a plurality of bladders and / or passages. For example, in FIG. 44, a first seat 1502 and a second seat 1504 cooperate to form a passage 1506, and the first seat 1502 has a port 1508 that can be connected to a bladder. Alternatively, the first seat may be shaped in a round shape instead of the port 1508. In other variants, each bladder may be connected to a valve assembly that provides selective fluid communication between the flow guiding device and the chamber via a tube forming the fluid passage 1512, as shown in FIGS. 32 to 33. In a variant, the plurality of bladders are 2 to 20 bladders, more preferably 4 to 16 bladders, and even more preferably 6 to 12 bladders.

[0519] In one or more embodiments, the massage assembly 1500 is disposed on a carrier board 1800 as shown in FIG. 47. The carrier board 1800 is supported by a frame 1706 such as the frame 1706 of the seat back 1702 as shown in FIG. 48. Specifically, the carrier board 1800 is generally flat and rigid. For example, the carrier board 1800 is a rigid plastic such as polyethylene, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, or a combination thereof. In a variant, the thickness of the carrier board 700 is at least 0.5 mm, more preferably at least 2 mm, and even more preferably at least 2.5 mm. Specifically, the carrier board 700 has a thickness of from 0.5 to 20 mm, more preferably from 1 to 10 mm, and even more preferably from 2 to 3.5 mm. In one or more embodiments, the carrier board 1800 includes a plurality of fasteners / holders for fixing various other components such as flow guiding devices, valve assemblies, inflatable sub-assemblies, electronic devices, or combinations thereof to the carrier board 1800. In a variant, the carrier board 1800 includes a suspension system for fixing to the seat assembly 1300 such as a frame.

[0520] In one or more embodiments, the massage assembly 1500 can be disposed on the seat such that the rounded portion, when seated, defines a contact area with the occupant. It should be understood that direct contact is not required to define the contact area, and that one or more layers such as a trim cover, cushion, and / or foam layer may be disposed between the occupant and the bladder. Specifically, the contact area may be around the apex of the rounded portion. In other words, the rounded portion may protrude into the occupant when inflated.

[0521] As shown in FIG. 49, a method 1900 for creating a bladder having a rounded portion is also disclosed. Method 1900 includes providing a first sheet and a second sheet (i.e., step 1910), forming a rounded portion in the first sheet and / or the second sheet (i.e., step 1920), bringing the first and second sheets together and arranging them to cooperate to define a chamber (i.e., step 1930), and assembling the bladder to the seat such that the apex of the rounded portion can protrude into a seated occupant during operation (i.e., 1940). For example, FIG. 48 depicts one embodiment of a mold used to form the first sheet and / or the second sheet. The mold has a rounded shape to be formed in the sheet to which it is applied. Specifically, the mold and / or the sheet are heated to soften the sheet and assist in the forming. For example, the sheet is heated to at least 500°F (260°C), more preferably at least 650°F (343°C), and even more preferably at least 750°F (399°C). In a variant, the rounded portions of the first sheet and the second sheet are aligned to define a chamber. In further details, the first and second sheets are bonded together with an adhesive, heat staked, ultrasonically welded, or otherwise cooperate around the rounded portion to form a seal. In some embodiments, the sheets are adhesively bonded together, fixed by heat staking, and / or ultrasonically welded to define a fluid passage to the chamber. In other embodiments, a tube may be sealed to the bladder such that fluid can enter and exit the chamber of the bladder through the tube.

[0522] A bladder (e.g., 1200 / 1600 such as a fluid bladder (e.g., a pneumatic bladder)) is provided. The bladder (e.g., 1200 / 1600) includes a first sheet (e.g., 1220 / 1620) and a second sheet (e.g., 1230 / 1630) that cooperate with each other (e.g., heat staked together, fused together, joined together, welded together, thermally welded together, ultrasonically welded together, hot plate welded together, heat swaged together, cold pressed together, adhesively bonded together, laser welded together, adhesively bonded together, high frequency welded together, sewn together, chemically welded together) to define a round chamber. In some embodiments, the bladder (e.g., 1200 / 1600) also includes a fluid passage (e.g., 1240) that terminates in the chamber such that a fluid (e.g., water or air) is transported through the fluid passage (e.g., 1240) to the chamber. The first sheet and / or the second sheet (e.g., 1220 / 1620, 1230 / 1630) has a round portion (e.g., 1210 / 1610) formed therein. Specifically, the sheet (e.g., 1220 / 1620, 1230 / 1630) is formed from an elastic material. In one or more embodiments, the polymeric material is thermoplastic. For example, the sheet (e.g., 1220 / 1620, 1230 / 1630) is cloth, plastic, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, acrylic, polycarbonate, felt, and / or Tyvek®. In one or more embodiments, the round portion (e.g., 1210 / 1610) and the round chamber are spherical (e.g., hemispherical). For example, the chamber is a sphere or a hemisphere. In a variant, the round portion (e.g., 1210 / 1610) is a hemisphere. In various embodiments, the round chamber is a sphere.

[0523] A seat assembly is also provided that includes a frame that supports a massage assembly that includes a bladder (e.g., 1200 / 1600). For example, a sub-assembly for massaging an occupant can be supported by the frame.

[0524] The subassembly includes a plurality of bladders and a fluid actuator such as a pump (e.g., a compressor). Each bladder (e.g., 1200 / 1600) includes a fluid passage (e.g., 1240) to a round chamber defined by a first sheet (e.g., 1220 / 1620) that cooperates with a second sheet (e.g., 1230 / 1630) (e.g., sheets 1220 / 1620, 1230 / 1630 are heat staked together, fused together, joined together, welded together, heat welded together, ultrasonically welded together, hot plate welded together, heat swaged together, cold pressed together, adhered together by an adhesive, laser welded together, adhered together, high frequency welded together, sewn together, chemically welded together). In various embodiments, the first and / or second sheets (e.g., 1220 / 1620, 1230 / 1630) each define a shaped round portion (e.g., 1210 / 1610). The fluid actuator moves fluid to one or more chambers so as to pass through one or more fluid passages (e.g., 1240). Specifically, the round portion (e.g., 1210 / 1610) of each bladder (e.g., 1200 / 1600) includes a hemisphere. In a variant, the round chamber is spherical.

[0525] In various embodiments, at least one round portion (e.g., 1210 / 1610) is configured to protrude towards the seat occupant. In one or more embodiments, the contact area with the occupant is such that the bladder (e.g., 1200 / 1600) applies a pressure of at least 2 PSI (13.8 kPa) and / or a pressure of at least 2.5 PSI (17.2 kPa) to the occupant.

[0526] Referring to FIG. 50, a seat assembly 2000 for a vehicle or the like is provided. For example, the seat assembly 2000 is used in motorcycles, automobiles, water bikes, airplanes, trains, and the like. In one or more embodiments, the seat assembly includes a trim cover 2002 disposed on top of a cushion assembly 2004 and a seat frame 2006. As shown in FIGS. 51 to 53 and FIG. 5, the seat assembly 2000 also includes a fluid system 2100 for massaging and / or adjusting the seat.

[0527] In various embodiments, the fluid system 2100 is disposed within, on top of, and / or adjacent to the cushion assembly 2004. In a variant, the cushion assembly 2004 includes a plurality of cushions. For example, the cushion assembly 2004 includes a seat bottom and a seat back each having a center cushion or middle cushion that can be sandwiched between bolster cushions. Specifically, the fluid system 2100 is disposed within, on top of, and / or adjacent to one or more cushions. For example, as shown in FIGS. 51 to 55, the fluid system 2100 is disposed in the seat back of the cushion assembly 2004. Specifically, the cushions of the cushion assembly 2004 are foams and / or a plurality of polymer twisted yarns.

[0528] In one or more embodiments, fluid system 2100 includes a fluid displacement device such as a pump, blower, compressor, and / or fan. During operation, the fluid displacement device moves fluid or causes fluid flow. In a variant, the fluid system 2100 includes, as shown in FIG. 53, a first plurality of fluid bladders 2102 arranged along a first direction and / or dimension, such as X1 and Y1 respectively, and a second plurality of fluid bladders 2104 arranged along a second direction and / or dimension. For example, the first direction and / or dimension is defined by the horizontal axis and the second direction and / or dimension is defined by the vertical axis. Specifically, X1 and Y1 are different, not parallel, intersecting, and / or substantially orthogonal or perpendicular (e.g., an angle defined from 15 to 165 degrees, more preferably from 45 to 135 degrees, even more preferably from 60 to 120 degrees, and even more preferably 90 degrees). When the first and second pluralities of bladders are arranged in this way, a larger range and capacity will be adopted for different sizes of individuals, supports, massage procedures, and / or configurations. In various embodiments, the bladder or each plurality of bladders includes from 4 to 20 bladders, more preferably from 6 to 16 bladders, and even more preferably from 8 to 12 bladders.

[0529] In some further embodiments, a third plurality of bladders 2106 and a fourth plurality of bladders 2108 are arranged along a third direction and / or dimension (e.g., X2) and a fourth direction and / or dimension (e.g., Y2). Specifically, X2 is parallel or substantially parallel to X1 (e.g., within 20% of parallel, more preferably within 10% of parallel, even more preferably within 5% of parallel). The greater the number of bladders, the more customizable it can be to the sizes, shapes, and comfort of various occupants. In other variations, the bladders are arranged in at least a 4×4 grid pattern, more preferably at least a 4×6 grid pattern, even more preferably at least a 6×6 grid pattern, corresponding to a number of groups of bladders along different dimensions, directions, and / or axes. Specifically, the fluid system 2100 includes at least 16 bladders, more preferably at least 20 bladders, even more preferably at least 24 bladders.

[0530] In some embodiments, a plurality of bladders, such as a first / second / third / fourth plurality of bladders 2102 / 2104 / 2106 / 2108, are arranged within a specific region of the cushion assembly and may correspond to an occupant's region (e.g., back, lower back, upper back, middle back, buttocks, thighs, left side, right side, central part, etc.). For example, the first plurality of bladders 2102 (or the third plurality of bladders 2106) are arranged in a lower region 2110 (or upper region 2112) of the seat back corresponding to, for example, the lower (or upper) part of the occupant's back. In yet other examples, the second plurality of bladders 2104 (or the fourth plurality of bladders 2108) are arranged on a first side or half 2114 (or a second side or half 2116) of the seat assembly 2000. As shown in FIGS. 52 to 53, it should be understood that multiple groups or a plurality of bladders may be arranged in the same region (e.g., lower back, upper back, left side, right side).

[0531] In one or more embodiments, the dimensions in which a plurality of bladders are arranged correspond to occupant dimensions such as the width and / or height of the occupant (e.g., the dimensions of the lower back (waist), shoulders, neck, thighs, etc.). Specifically, the dimensions are greater than the 10th percentile of the occupant's dimensions, more preferably greater than the average dimension of the occupant, even more preferably dimensions of the occupant at the 75th percentile or higher, even more preferably dimensions of the occupant at the 85th percentile or higher, and even more preferably dimensions of the occupant at the 90th percentile or higher.

[0532] For example, the dimensions correspond to a shoulder width such that the plurality of bladders extend along dimensions corresponding to a shoulder width greater than the 10th percentile of the occupant, more preferably greater than the average shoulder width of the occupant, even more preferably greater than the 75th percentile of the occupant, even more preferably greater than the 85th percentile of the occupant, and even more preferably greater than the 90th percentile of the occupant.

[0533] In yet another variation, different groups of the plurality of bladders are arranged to correspond to different populations of occupants. For example, a first group of bladders (e.g., the innermost row of bladders including 2108) corresponds to a population of occupants having dimensions (e.g., shoulder width) smaller than average, a second group of bladders (e.g., the innermost row and the second innermost row of bladders including 2108 and 2104) corresponds to a second population of occupants having approximately average dimensions (e.g., shoulder width), and a third group of bladders (e.g., all rows of bladders) corresponds to a third population of occupants having dimensions (e.g., shoulder width) larger than average.

[0534] In one or more embodiments, a first plurality of bladders are arranged along dimensions, directions, or axes corresponding to the width, height, or length of the seat bottom or seat back, and a second plurality of bladders are arranged along different dimensions, directions, or axes corresponding to the width, height, or length of the seat bottom or seat back.

[0535] In yet other embodiments, the seat assembly 2000 includes a controller 2200 that communicates in cooperation with a fluid system 2100, as shown in FIG. 56. In a variant, the controller 2200 includes a memory 2202 and a processor 2204. For example, the memory 2202 stores computer-executable code or instructions that are executed by the processor 2204 to perform various functions described herein. Specifically, the controller 2200 cooperates with and communicates with a fluid displacement device 2118 and / or a valve assembly 2120, and fluid (e.g., air or water) displaced by the fluid displacement device 2118 (e.g., a compressor or a pump) through the valve assembly 2120 is adapted to fill / inflate or release / contract one or more bladders 2122. In one or more embodiments, an actuator such as a valve actuator 2400 as shown in FIG. 58 cooperates with a plurality of valves 2402 that open and close together. For example, an actuator head 2404 opens and closes a first valve 2406, a second valve 2408, and a third valve 2410. In various embodiments, the valve actuator 2400 is used, for example, with the fluid system of FIG. 53, and the first valve 2406 serves a large dimension (e.g., outer), the second valve 2408 serves an intermediate dimension, and the third valve 2410 serves a small dimension (e.g., inner). By using this type of valve actuator, it is possible to provide efficient customization for the occupant while reducing costs.

[0536] In a modification, the system 2100 also includes one or more sensors 2124, such as a pressure sensor that detects the pressure associated with one or more bladders 2122. Specifically, the pressure is directly measured by the pressure sensor. In other embodiments, proxy variables are used to detect the pressure. The sensors can be additionally or alternatively disposed within or in the vicinity of each bladder to detect the associated pressure of that bladder. For example, the sensors are disposed at positions configured to detect the pressure associated with a group or plurality of bladders. For example, the sensors are disposed in passages (e.g., supply passages and / or exhaust passages) associated with a first plurality of bladders and their respective corresponding plurality of bladders. Specifically, various pluralities or groups of bladders are filled / expanded, and fluid is released through the exhaust passage so that the sensor in the exhaust passage determines the pressure associated with the plurality or group of bladders. In short, the sensors are disposed within and / or in proximity to the bladder or bladder group to determine the pressure associated with each bladder or bladder group. For example, a pneumatic sensor such as a pneumatic pressure attached to a substrate is used. In still other examples, the sensor measures the elongation or pressure of the seat. In still other examples, thin film sensors and / or push button sensors are used. In some embodiments, a combination of sensors is used.

[0537] In one or more embodiments, the controller 2200 cooperates with and communicates with one or more sensors 2124. Specifically, the controller 2200 performs a scan to determine the size and / or dimensions of the occupant. In a modification, the scan is performed by filling / expanding one or more bladders, emptying / contracting one or more bladders, and detecting the (first) pressure associated with one or more bladders. In various embodiments, the (first) pressure indicates the size or dimensions of the occupant. For example, if the dimensions of the occupant exceed a threshold pressure, it indicates that the occupant is adjacent to one or more bladders.

[0538] In other embodiments or the same embodiment, when the (first) pressure is greater than the (second) pressure associated with one or more other bladders, it indicates that the occupant is adjacent to one or more bladders. For example, when the occupant is seated, if the first pressure associated with the inner group of bladders is 2.00 PSI (13.9 kPa), a pressure below the threshold for the inner group of bladders may indicate that the occupant is not adjacent to that bladder group. In other words, a pressure drop of at least 10%, more preferably at least 25%, and even more preferably at least 50% indicates that the occupant is not adjacent to the bladder group. For example, a second pressure associated with an outer group of bladders having a pressure greater than 1.0 PSI (6.89 kPa), more preferably greater than 1.5 PSI (10.3 kPa), and even more preferably greater than 1.8 PSI (12.4 kPa) may indicate that the occupant is adjacent to the outer bladder group, i.e., the dimensions of the occupant extend at least to the outer bladder group. However, when the second pressure associated with the outer group of bladders is 1.8 PSI (12.4 kPa) or less, more preferably 1.5 PSI or less (10.3 kPa), and even more preferably 1.0 PSI (6.89 kPa) or less, the occupant is not adjacent to the outer group of bladders, i.e., the dimensions of the occupant do not reach the outer group of the occupant. In one or more embodiments, the pressure associated with each group, or all bladders, is detected to determine the size or dimensions of the occupant. In some embodiments, the scan acts inwardly by first determining the pressure associated with the outer group or bladder. The scan progresses inwardly until the size or dimensions of the occupant are determined. Specifically, the scan determines the pressure associated with a particular bladder or group, such as the innermost group, before acting inwardly to establish a threshold pressure or reference pressure.

[0539] In the above example, a first (inner) group and a second (outer) group are described for illustrative purposes. However, it should be understood that a scan may include a number of groups, and different groups may overlap or share bladders. For example, the inner and outer groups may refer to inner and outer columns along the back, but the scan may include lower and upper groups of the back that include portions of the inner and outer groups to determine the dimensions of the entire occupant's back in two different directions (e.g., width and height).

[0540] In various embodiments, the scan determines a number of dimensions of the occupant. For example, in at least one embodiment, the scan determines a first dimension of the occupant corresponding to the occupant's shoulder width and a second dimension corresponding to the occupant's waist width. Additionally or alternatively, the scan determines the height dimension of the occupant's back.

[0541] In one or more embodiments, the controller 2200 cooperates with and communicates with the bladder 2122, the sensor 2124, the fluid displacement device 2118, the valve assembly 2120, and / or a control unit 2210 such as a cellular phone via a wired and / or wireless network 2206. For example, the network 2206 includes the Internet 2208. In various embodiments, different networks such as wired or wireless networks are used to communicate with different components. Specifically, the control unit 2210 is used to control sub-assemblies such as the massage system 2100. For example, an occupant can initiate a scan from the control unit 2210, turn the massage unit on or off, and select specific conditions such as desired support and / or massage procedures. Additionally or alternatively, when the occupant is seated and the vehicle is in operation, the scan is automatically initiated.

[0542] In various embodiments, after determining or obtaining one or more (e.g., one, two, three, four, five, etc.) occupant dimensions, the controller 2200 uses the occupant dimension(s) to perform custom tasks such as providing a support and / or massage protocol. For example, the system 2100 takes into account the occupant size of FIG. 54 and employs a massage using all 24 bladders, but may use only 16 bladders to massage the occupant of FIG. 55. In other words, the controller 2200 employs a massage that does not use the outer row of bladders, considering that the occupant's dimensions do not protrude from those bladders. Specifically, this selectivity provides a comfortable custom-made massage. Also, no energy is wasted on bladders that are not in contact with the occupant.

[0543] In still some embodiments, the scan detects "hot spots", i.e., one or more points where abnormal or high pressure is being applied by the occupant. In various embodiments, the support or massage subsequently employed by the controller 2200 is targeted or directed at one or more points. For example, additional support is provided to other areas to relieve the pressure at the hot spot. In one or more embodiments, the bladders are used not only for the massage effect but also to provide support. In such embodiments, the amount of support of the bladders, i.e., the pressure, corresponds to the amount of pressure exerted by the occupant on the bladder or bladder group as determined by the scan.

[0544] In one or more embodiments, the controller 2200 cooperates with and communicates with the fluid passages 2128, 2129, the fluid displacement device 2118, the valve assembly 2120, and one or more bladders 2122, and can individually fill / inflate the bladders or simulate one or more scans to perform in a similar manner to different massage functions. For example, the scan includes filling the bladders in various columns and rows to determine the occupant's dimensions, but after determining the occupant's dimensions, the individual bladders can be filled to provide a massage effect such as an acupressure effect within the dimensions.

[0545] In addition to various massage effects such as acupressure, Swedish, deep tissue, and trigger point being known, various techniques for simulating such massages are also known. For example, the acupressure massage effect can be obtained by filling / inflating the bladder to a pressure such that the bladder presses against the occupant and then releasing the bladder to relieve the pressure. This can be repeated at different locations multiple times to simulate the pressure applied by the hands or fingers to the occupant. In any case, the massage effect refers to applying and relieving pressure by filling / inflating and releasing / contracting one or more bladders. As described above, the massage effect is based on the occupant's dimensions. For example, bladders outside the occupant or bladders extending beyond the occupant's dimensions are excluded from the massage or support procedure. In other words, the pressure change within the bladder is within the range of the occupant's dimensions.

[0546] In various embodiments, the seat frame 2006 is any material suitable for supporting the subassembly and the occupant. In a variant, the seat frame 2006 includes a rigid material such as metal, plastic, wood, or a combination thereof. For example, a seat frame 2006 made of steel and / or aluminum is used. The cushion assembly 2004 includes one or more cushions. In various embodiments, the trim cover 2002 is configured to be adjacent to the seated occupant. That is, the trim cover 2002 includes an outermost layer that defines the outermost surface. In a variant, as shown in FIGS. 51 to 55, the trim cover 2002 is disposed on one or more subassemblies. Specifically, the trim cover 2002 includes a cloth, a woven fabric, a synthetic leather, or a leather surface. For example, the trim cover 2002 includes cotton, polyester, polyurethane, nylon, or other suitable materials.

[0547] As described above, the system includes computer-executable code or instructions stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium on a local device or in the cloud via the network 2206 in various embodiments. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having computer-readable instructions configured to be executed by a processor is provided for performing various functions for the operation of the system and the seat assembly 2000, such as operating the fluid displacement device or determining the pressure associated with one or more bladders via a sensor. The pressure may be directly measured using a sensor, or proxy parameters for determining the pressure may be used. For example, the pressure may be determined by measuring the force (applied to a known area).

[0548] In one or more embodiments, the processor includes one or more devices selected from a high-performance computing system including high-performance cores, a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor, a microcomputer, a central processing unit, a field programmable gate array, a programmable logic device, a state machine, a logic circuit, an analog circuit, a digital circuit, or any other device that operates on signals (analog or digital) based on computer-executable instructions resident in a memory. In a variant, the memory includes a single memory device, or a number of memory devices including, but not limited to, random access memory (RAM), volatile memory, non-volatile memory, static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), flash memory, cache memory, or any other device capable of storing information. Specifically, the non-volatile memory / storage includes one or more persistent data storage devices such as a hard drive, an optical drive, a tape drive, a non-volatile solid state device, cloud storage, or any other device capable of permanently storing information.

[0549] In one or more embodiments, the executable code / instructions may reside in a software module. Specifically, the software module includes an operating system and an application. In various embodiments, the software module is compiled or interpreted from computer programs created using various programming languages and / or technologies including, but not limited to, Java, C, C++, C#, Objective C, Fortran, Pascal, Java Script, Python, Perl, and PL / SQL. The non-volatile storage also includes data that supports functions, features, calculations, processes.

[0550] In some embodiments, the system described above includes a computer-readable storage medium, which is essentially non-transitory and implemented in any method or technology for storing information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data, including volatile or non-volatile, and removable and non-removable tangible media. In variations, the computer-readable storage medium further includes RAM, ROM, erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other solid-state memory technologies, portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), or other optical storage devices, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tapes, magnetic disk storage devices or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired information and is readable by a computer. In various embodiments, the computer-readable program instructions can be downloaded to a computer, other types of programmable data processing devices, or other device forms of the computer-readable storage medium, or an external computer or external storage device via a network.

[0551] In one or more embodiments, the computer-readable program instructions stored on the computer-readable medium can be used to direct a computer, other type of programmable data processing device, or other device to function in a particular manner so as to manufacture a manufactured article that includes instructions for performing the functions, acts, and / or operations described herein. The functions, acts, and / or operations described herein may be performed in any order, sequentially, continuously, or simultaneously.

[0552] Referring to FIG. 57, a method 2300 for scanning and / or applying massage is also disclosed. In one or more embodiments, method 2300 includes determining a first pressure 410 and a second pressure 420 associated with a first bladder and a second bladder, respectively, and determining a first occupant dimension based on the first and / or second pressure 440. For example, a sensor detects or measures the pressure associated with the bladder. The first and second pressures are compared to each other or to a threshold pressure, and the first occupant dimension is determined. Specifically, method 2300 includes determining a third pressure associated with a third bladder 430. In various embodiments, method 2300 includes determining a second occupant dimension based on the third pressure 450. In a variant, the third pressure is compared to the first and / or second pressure or the threshold pressure to determine the second occupant dimension. The method also includes applying a massage or a massage effect based on the first and / or second occupant dimension. For example, the massage or the massage effect utilizes a bladder that extends within the occupant dimension(s), but does not utilize a bladder that extends beyond or outside the occupant dimension(s).

[0553] A seat massage assembly (e.g., 2000 such as in a vehicle seat for a two-wheeler, automobile, watercraft, aircraft, or train) is provided. This includes a first plurality of bladders (e.g., pneumatic bladders) arranged along a first direction X1 (such as horizontally, e.g., along the width of the seatback) or vertically (e.g., along the height of the seatback), and a controller 2200 that cooperates with the first plurality of bladders (e.g., 2102). For example, the first plurality of bladders (e.g., 2102) can be the uppermost row of bladders, the middle row 2106 of bladders, the lowermost row 2102 of bladders, the left column 2104 of bladders, the middle column 2108 of bladders, or the right column of bladders. In some embodiments, the first plurality of bladders (e.g., 2114) can be an outer or inner row or column of bladders. In various embodiments, the controller (e.g., 2200) fills one or more bladders (e.g., 2122 (e.g., each bladder individually, or outer and inner bladders, etc.)) with a fluid (e.g., air or water) and determines the associated pressure (e.g., the pressure applied by a passenger to one or more bladders 2122, or the pressure of the fluid flow (e.g., air flow) released from one or more bladders 2122). The controller 2200 can be provided as one or more controllers or control modules for various components and systems. The controller 2200 and the control system can include any number of controllers, can be integrated into a single controller, or can have various modules. Part or all of the controller can be connected via a controller area network (CAN) or other systems. It is recognized that any controller, circuit, or other electrical device disclosed herein can include any number of microprocessors, integrated circuits, memory devices (e.g., FLASH, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), or other suitable variations thereof), and software that cooperate with each other to perform the operations disclosed herein.Furthermore, any one or more of the electrical devices disclosed herein may be configured to execute a computer program embodied in a non-transitory computer-readable medium programmed to perform any number of functions as disclosed herein. In a variant, the scan may determine the size of the occupant, such as by determining the dimensions of the occupant (e.g., shoulder width, waist width, shoulder height, back length, neck height, neck length, head height, thigh width, thigh length, etc.). Specifically, the scan is configured to determine a first dimension of the occupant (see FIGS. 54 to 55), and optionally, a second dimension of the occupant. In one or more embodiments, the controller 2200 is configured to control a first plurality of bladders (e.g., 2114) to massage the occupant according to a first dimension (e.g., shoulder width, waist width, back length, shoulder height, neck length, neck height, head height, thigh width, or thigh length, etc.). In some embodiments, the scan includes filling each bladder (e.g., 2122) and determining a corresponding pressure (e.g., the pressure applied by the occupant to one or more bladders 2122, or the pressure of the fluid flow (e.g., air flow) released from one or more bladders 2122). In one or more embodiments, the scan includes filling a first group of bladders (e.g., outer bladders, intermediate bladders, inner bladders, left bladders, right bladders, upper bladders, lower bladders) of the first plurality of bladders (e.g., 2114), determining a first pressure corresponding to the first group of bladders (e.g., 2104), filling a second group of bladders (e.g., outer bladders, intermediate bladders, inner bladders, left bladders, right bladders, upper bladders, lower bladders) from a first plurality of bladders different from the first group of bladders (e.g., 2104), and determining a second pressure corresponding to the second group (e.g., the pressure applied by the occupant to one or more bladders 2122, or the pressure of the fluid flow released from one or more bladders 2122).In a variant, the assembly (e.g., 2000) also includes one or more sensors (e.g., 2124) corresponding to each vane (e.g., 2122) of the first plurality of vanes (e.g., 2114), and / or one or more sensors such as those disposed in the exhaust path (e.g., 2128) of the first plurality of vanes to determine the pressure of the fluid (e.g., air) released from the first plurality of vanes, i.e., one or more sensors (e.g., 2124) corresponding to different groups of vanes. A seat assembly (e.g., 2000 for a vehicle) is also disclosed. This includes a frame (e.g., 2006) (e.g., a rigid material such as metal, plastic, and / or wood) that supports the assembly (e.g., 2000).

[0554] An assembly (e.g., a seat massage assembly 2000 as in a vehicle seat) is also provided. This includes a first bladder (e.g., 2106) arranged along a first axis (e.g., X1) (e.g., a horizontal axis, a vertical axis, an inner axis, an outer axis, a diagonal axis), a second plurality of bladders (e.g., 2102) arranged along a second axis (e.g., X2) different from the first axis (e.g., X1) (e.g., a horizontal axis, a vertical axis, an inner axis, an outer axis, a diagonal axis), and one or more sensors (e.g., 2124 such as a pressure sensor) arranged to determine pressures associated with different groups of bladders. For example, the sensor (e.g., 2124) may be arranged in a primary exhaust (e.g., 2129) that services all bladders (e.g., 2122), or sensors (e.g., 2124) that service an exhaust (e.g., 2128) may be arranged for each column or row of bladders. In various embodiments, the bladders (e.g., 2122) are configured to be individually filled via a valve assembly (e.g., 2120) to scan the occupant and simultaneously filled to employ a massage effect. A seat component such as a seat back or a seat bottom including a frame (e.g., 2006) (e.g., a rigid material such as metal, plastic, wood) that supports the assembly is also provided. In various embodiments, the first plurality of bladders (e.g., 2106) are arranged along the width of the seat back at a first position (e.g., upper, lower, middle), and the second plurality of bladders (e.g., 2102) are arranged along the width of the seat back at a second position different from the first position (e.g., upper, lower, middle). In some embodiments, the first plurality of bladders (e.g., 2106) are arranged along the width of the seat back, and the second plurality of bladders (e.g., 2108) are arranged along the height of the seat back. In some embodiments, the first plurality of bladders (e.g., 2104) are arranged along the height of the seat back at a first portion (e.g., left, right, center), and the second plurality of bladders (e.g., 2108) are arranged along the height of the seat back at a second position different from the first position (e.g., left, right, center).In one or more embodiments, the assembly (e.g., 2000) fills one or more bladders (e.g., 2122) with fluid and determines a related pressure such as the pressure applied to one or more bladders (e.g., 2122) by an occupant or the pressure of a fluid flow (e.g., an air flow) released from one or more bladders (e.g., 2122), and includes a controller (e.g., 2200) that cooperates with a first plurality of bladders (e.g., 2106) to scan the occupant. In various embodiments, the scan is configured to determine one or more dimensions of the occupant.

[0555] A method 2300 for scanning and massaging an occupant will be described. The method 2300 is provided. This includes determining a first pressure associated with a first bladder (i.e., step 2310), determining a second pressure associated with a second bladder (i.e., step 2320), and determining a first occupant dimension based on the first and second pressures (i.e., step 2340). In various embodiments, the first and second pressures are determined by releasing fluid from the first and second bladders. In some embodiments, the method 2300 also includes applying a massage effect to the occupant based on the first occupant dimension (i.e., step 2360). In a variant, the method 2300 also includes determining a third pressure associated with a third bladder (i.e., step 2330) and determining a second occupant dimension based on the third pressure (i.e., step 2350) and the first and / or second pressures. In one or more embodiments, the method 2300 also includes applying a massage effect based on the first and second dimensions (i.e., step 2360).

[0556] FIG. 59 shows a seat assembly 2420 according to some embodiments. The seat assembly 2420 may be a vehicle seat assembly for a land vehicle, a water bike, an aircraft, etc. Although the vehicle seat assembly 2420 is illustrated and disclosed, any seat assembly 2420 such as an office chair, a comfort chair, etc. may be employed.

[0557] The seat assembly 2420 includes a seat bottom 2422 for supporting the occupant's pelvis and thighs. The seat bottom 2422 is supported on a supporting surface below, such as the vehicle floor. The seat back 2424 extends upright from the seat bottom 2422 and supports the occupant's back and shoulders. The seat back 2424 may be supported by the seat bottom 2422 or the supporting surface therebelow. A headrest 2426 for supporting the occupant's head may also be provided on the seat back 2424.

[0558] The seat assembly 2420 provides contact surfaces 2428, 2430 for receiving and comfortably supporting the occupant. The seat assembly 2420 includes a plurality of actuators 2432, 2434 provided within the seat assembly 2420 within the contact surfaces 2428, 2430. Although two actuators 2432, 2434 are illustrated and described, any number or position of actuators 2432, 2434 may be employed. The actuators 2432, 2434 may be utilized to impart tactile effects to the occupant, such as vibrations to convey an alert, vibrations to impart a massage, or pressure to impart a pressure massage effect.

[0559] In the illustrated embodiment, the actuators 2432, 2434 are fluid bladders 2432, 2434, such as air bladders 2432, 2434, for imparting a pressure massage effect to the occupant. FIG. 60 shows an actuator assembly 2436 for a seat assembly 2420 according to some embodiments. The actuator assembly 2436 is schematically illustrated and may be installed within the seat assembly 2420. The actuator assembly 2436 includes a fluid pump 2438, such as a pneumatic pump 2438, for providing a pressurized air source. The actuator assembly 2436 also includes a valve assembly 2440 in fluid communication with the pump 2438. A first fluid line 2442 connects the pump 2438 to the valve assembly 2440 to send pressurized air from the pump 2438 to the valve assembly 2440.

[0560] The valve assembly 2440 includes a housing 2444 having a plurality of fluid chambers 2446, 2448. Each fluid chamber 2446, 2448 receives valve sub-assemblies 2450, 2452 for translating within the fluid chambers 2446, 2448. The actuator assembly 2436 also includes a controller 2454 that cooperates with the valve sub-assemblies 2450, 2452 for actuating each of the valve sub-assemblies 2450, 2452. For example, the controller 2454 includes a plurality of solenoids and can impart linear actuation to each of the valve sub-assemblies when current is conducted through the solenoids.

[0561] The prior art utilizes separate valve sub-assemblies to inflate and deflate the air bladders within the seat assembly. To minimize the number of valve sub-assemblies 2450, 2452 within the valve assembly 2440, the valve sub-assemblies 2450, 2452 are each two-way valves having three ports and two positions, known as 3-2 valves. Each valve sub-assembly 2450, 2452 is operable to inflate and deflate one of the air bladders 2432, 2434. By utilizing two-way valves, the number of valves is halved, reducing the cost, weight, and size of the valve assembly 2440.

[0562] Each of the fluid chambers 2446, 2448 includes first ports 2456, 2458 at the distal ends of the fluid chambers 2446, 2448 that are in fluid communication with the first fluid line 2442, and pressurized air is conveyed into the fluid chambers 2446, 2448 through the first ports 2456, 2458. The first valve sub-assembly 2450 is shown to be in the actuated position by the controller 2454, whereby the first valve sub-assembly 2450 is actuated to move away from the first port 2456. Each valve sub-assembly 2450, 2452 includes a compression spring 2460 within its respective fluid chamber 2446, 2448. Each valve sub-assembly 2450, 2452 also includes an inlet seal 2462 on a translatable valve body 2464. Actuation of the first valve sub-assembly 2450 translates the valve body 2464 away from the first port 2456, thereby compressing the spring 2460, removing the inlet seal 2462 from the first port 2456, and allowing pressurized air to enter the fluid chamber 2446 through the first port 2456. As illustrated with reference to the second valve sub-assembly 2452, removal of current from the solenoid for the second valve sub-assembly 2452 by the controller 2454 results in expansion of the spring 2460, whereby the inlet seal 2462 is pressed against the first port 2458, thereby closing the first port 2458.

[0563] Second ports 2466, 2468 are provided in each of the fluid chambers 2446, 2448 within the housing 2444. Outlet fluid lines 2470, 2472 connect each of the second ports 2466, 2468 to one of the air bladders 2432, 2434. In the actuated or expanded position of the first valve sub-assembly 2450, air enters the fluid chamber 2446 through the first port 2456, passes around the valve body 2464, exits through the second port 2466 and through the outlet line 2470 to expand the air bladder 2432.

[0564] The valve sub - assemblies 2450, 2452 each include a second seal 2474 and a third seal 2476 provided on the valve body 2464, sequentially spaced from the first seal 2462. The housing 2444 also includes third ports 2478, 2480 formed in each fluid chamber 2446, 2448 to pass through the housing, as exhaust ports. In the expanded position of the first valve sub - assembly 2450, the third port 2478 is blocked and isolated between the second and third seals 2474, 2476. In the contracted position of the second valve sub - assembly 2452, the first port 2458 is sealed to disconnect the fluid chamber 2448 from the pressurized air. In the contracted position, the spring 2460 extends the valve body 2464 so that the second and third seals 2474, 2476 move beyond the second port 2468. In the contracted position, the second port 2468 and the third port 2480 are in fluid communication, whereby the pressurized air in the air bladder 2434 is depressurized, passes through the second fluid line 2472, through the second port 2468, through the fluid chamber 2448, and exits through the exhaust port 2480 to the atmosphere. The contraction of the air bladder 2434 can be further assisted by the compression of the seated occupant against the air bladder 2434.

[0565] FIG. 61 shows a valve assembly 2482 according to some embodiments, also referred to as a control module. The valve assembly 2482 includes a housing 2484 for surrounding a plurality of fluid chambers 2486. A plurality of valve sub - assemblies 2488 are each provided in one of the fluid chambers 2486.

[0566] Figures 62 and 63 depict one of the valve sub - assemblies 2488 removed from the housing 2444. Each valve sub - assembly 2488 has an elongated valve body 2490. To minimize the weight and cost of the valve body 2490, the valve body 2490 is formed from a polymeric material such as, for example, polypropylene. This is a structurally elastic and lightweight material. According to some embodiments, the valve body 2490 can be reinforced with, for example, glass fibers. The valve body 2490 is sized to translate within the fluid chamber 2486.

[0567] Referring again to FIG. 61, the housing 2484 includes a primary inlet port 2492. The primary inlet port 2492 is connected to the pump 2438 to receive pressurized air. The housing 2484 includes a pressure chamber 2494 that is in fluid communication with the primary inlet port 2492. The pressure chamber 2494 provides a reservoir for pressurized air to a plurality of valve sub - assemblies 2488. A plurality of first valve ports 2496 provide fluid communication from the pressure chamber 2494 to each fluid chamber 2486.

[0568] Referring again to FIGS. 62 and 63, the valve sub - assembly 2488 includes a first seal 2498 and a second seal 2500 spaced apart on opposite sides, mounted to the distal end of the valve body 2490. Referring again to FIG. 61, the valve body 2490 is extended to a contracted position. In the contracted position, each of the plurality of first seals 2498 engages one of the plurality of first ports 2496 to seal the first port 2496 and isolate each fluid chamber 2486 from the pressure chamber 2494.

[0569] Figures 62 and 63 show that the valve sub - assembly 2488 includes an integral compression spring 2502. The spring 2502 extends from the distal end of the valve body 2490 adjacent to the first seal 2498 and extends partially towards the other distal end. The spring 2502 is sinusoidal with alternating curves as a compression spring 2502. A beam 2504 extends generally parallel to the valve body 2490 from the spring 2502. The beam 2504 may be integrally formed with the spring 2502 and the valve body 2490. The beam 2504 has a thickness greater than the thickness of the spring 2502 so that, as can be observed in Figure 63, the deformation of the spring 2502 can be controlled. Similarly, the valve body 2490 also has a thickness greater than the spring 2502 to limit the deformation of the spring 2502.

[0570] The beam 2504 is designed to maintain a stationary position while the valve body 2490 translates within the fluid chamber 2486 and the spring 2502 is compressed and expanded. The beam 2504 includes a plurality of protrusions 2506, 2508 that extend outwardly from the beam 2504. Referring now to Figure 61, the lateral protrusion 2506 is received in a slot 2510 of the housing 2484 to prevent axial movement of the beam 2504. During installation of the valve sub - assembly 2488 into the fluid chamber 2486, the first seal 2498 contacts the first port 2496, and then the spring 2502 is partially compressed to bias the first seal 2498 and close the first port 2496. The slot 2510 may be slightly tapered so that as the protrusion 2506 is installed in the slot 2510, the beam 2504 is gradually positioned towards the first port 2496 to slightly compress the spring 2502 and pre - load the spring 2502. The protrusion 2508 extends towards the valve body 2490 in Figure 62, providing an alignment spacer between the valve body 2490 and the beam 2504 and maintaining the valve body 2490 in alignment with the translation path towards and away from the first port 2496.

[0571] As shown in FIGS. 62 and 63, a pair of conductive terminals 2512, 2514 are mounted at the distal end of the beam 2504. The conductive terminals 2512, 2514 contact a terminal (not shown) in a cover of the housing 2484 (also not shown). The conductive terminals 2512, 2514 are in electrical communication with the controller 2454. A linear actuator such as a shape memory alloy (SMA) 2516 is connected to both terminals 2512, 2514. The SMA 2516 extends from the terminals 2512, 2514, along the beam 2504, along the spring 2502, and around the distal end of the valve body 2490 adjacent to the first seal 2498.

[0572] The SMA 2516 is formed of a material that operates by passing a current through the SMA 2516. For example, the SMA 2516 may be formed from a nickel-titanium alloy that contracts when an electric current is passed through it. When an electric current is conducted through the SMA 2516, the SMA 2516 shortens its length, thereby compressing the spring 2502 and moving the valve body 2490 away from the first port 2496.

[0573] FIG. 64 shows a partial fragmentary valve assembly 2482 in which one of the valve subassemblies 2488 is sectioned. The valve body 2490 in FIG. 64 is shown in its fully contracted position. The housing 2484 includes a plurality of second ports 2518. Each of these second ports 2518 is connected to one of the fluid chambers 2486 and one of the plurality of air bladders 2432, 2434. The second ports 2518 are parallel to the first port 2496. The housing 2484 also includes a plurality of third ports 2520 provided at the distal ends of the fluid chambers 2486, each venting a respective fluid chamber 2486 to the external atmosphere. The third ports 2520 are axially aligned with the first port 2496. In the contracted position of FIG. 64, air can enter the fluid chamber 2486 from the air bladders 2432, 2434 through the second ports 2518, contract therein, and exit through the exhaust ports 2520. As described above, in the contracted position, the first seal 2498 seals the first port 2496 to prevent pressurized air from entering the fluid chamber 2486.

[0574] Next, referring to FIG. 65, a cross-sectioned valve sub-assembly 2488 is shown in the expanded position. In this figure, the controller 2454 passes current through terminals 2512, 2514, and the SMA 2516. The current passing through the SMA 2516 shortens the length of the SMA, thereby actuating the valve body 2490 and simultaneously compressing the spring 2502. The valve body 2490 is translated within the fluid chamber 2486 such that the second seal 2500 engages and seals the exhaust port 2520. In this expanded position, the movement of the valve body 2490 removes the first seal 2498 from the first port 2496. In this position, pressurized air enters the first port 2496 from the pressure chamber 2494, passes through the fluid chamber 2486, exits through one of the second ports 2518 to the air bladders 2432, 2434, and expands the air bladders 2432, 2434.

[0575] Once the controller 2454 shuts off the current to the SMA 2516, the SMA 2516 elongates and allows the spring 2502 to expand. The expansion of the spring 2502 presses against the beam 2504 and the valve body 2490, translating the valve body back to the contracted position of FIG. 64. In the absence of a signal to the SMA 2516, the air bladders 2432, 2434 contract. This state is often referred to as a constant contraction.

[0576] FIG. 66 shows the assembled valve sub-assembly 2488. FIG. 67 shows the valve sub-assembly 2488 during an assembly step. In FIG. 67, the terminals 2512, 2514 are slid onto the beam 2504. FIG. 68 shows the conductive components 2512, 2514, 2516 of the valve sub-assembly 2488. The SMA 2516 includes an intermediate loop 2522 spaced from the terminals 2512, 2514.

[0577] FIG. 69 shows the assembly steps of attaching the SMA 2516 to the valve body 2490. When the terminals 2512, 2514 are slid onto the beam 2504 of FIG. 67, the intermediate loop 2522 of the SMA 2516 is slid over the distal end of the valve body 2490. The valve body 2490 includes an inclined retainer 2524 and a retaining slot 2526 such that the loop 2522 slides over the retainer 2524 and into the slot 2526 to hold the SMA 2516 at the distal end of the valve body 2490.

[0578] The valve sub-assembly 2488 operates to inflate and deflate the air bladders 2432, 2434 to reduce the number of valves. The integrated spring 2502 further reduces the number of components. Only one signal is required to operate each valve sub-assembly 2488, thereby simplifying the programming and cost of the controller 2454. The translatable valve body 2490 also eliminates the prior art flexible hinges, which are often severe and require costly manufacturing tolerances.

[0579] An assembly (e.g., seat assembly 2420, actuator assembly 2436, valve assemblies 2440, 2482, valve sub-assemblies 2450, 2452, 2488) having a valve body (e.g., valve bodies 2464, 2490) sized for translation within a fluid chamber (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448) is described. The valve body may be elongated and may be formed from a lightweight and elastic material such as a polymer material like polypropylene, may be reinforced with glass fibers, or may be formed from an aluminum alloy. The valve body may include a beam. The beam extends generally parallel to the valve body from the valve body. The beam may be integrally formed with a spring. The beam may have a first thickness. The beam may include a plurality of lateral protrusions that extend outwardly from the beam to be received in a slot of a housing to prevent axial translation of the beam, and the slot is slightly tapered such that as the protrusion is installed in the slot, the beam is gradually positioned toward a first port to slightly compress the spring to provide a preload. The protrusions extend toward the valve body to provide an alignment spacer between the valve body and the beam and may maintain the valve body in alignment with a translation path toward and away from the first port. The valve body may include a valve stem and a valve end. The valve body may be sealed at three axial locations relative to the inner surface of the bore. The fluid chamber may be a housing having a first port formed therein, a second port parallel to the first port, and a third port axially aligned with the first port and venting to an external atmosphere in fluid communication with the fluid chamber. The valve body may be oriented within the fluid chamber such that while the third port is sealed from the fluid chamber, fluid enters the first port from a pressurized fluid source and flows out of the second port through the fluid chamber to translate to an inflated position to inflate fluid bladders such as a lumbar bladder, a bolster bladder, a shoulder bladder, etc., and such that while the first port is sealed from the fluid chamber, fluid enters the second port from the fluid bladder and flows out of the third port through the fluid chamber to be translatable to a deflated position to deflate the fluid bladder.The housing can be formed from a lightweight and structurally elastic material such as a polymeric material or a lightweight metal alloy, using gaskets, covers, fasteners, laser welding, friction welding, and / or adhesives. A pair of opposing seals (e.g., seals 2462, 2474, 2476, 2498, 2500) are oriented on a valve body (e.g., valve bodies 2464, 2490) to seal a pair of ports (e.g., ports 2456, 2458, 2466, 2468, 2478, 2480, 2492, 2496, 2518, 2520). The plurality of seals may be made of elastomer and may be spaced apart and oriented at the distal end of the elongated valve body. A linear actuator (e.g., a solenoid, shape memory alloy 2516) is mounted to the valve body (e.g., valve bodies 2464, 2490) to actuate the valve body (e.g., valve bodies 2464, 2490). The linear actuator may be a shape memory alloy, and electrical terminals are mounted at the distal end of a beam that is in electrical communication with the shape memory alloy. The shape memory alloy may extend from the terminal, along the beam, along the spring, and around the distal end of the valve body adjacent to the first seal. The shape memory alloy may be formed from a material that actuates in response to an electric current, such as a nickel-titanium alloy that contracts when an electric current is passed through it. The linear actuator may translate the valve body in response to an electric current conducted through the shape memory alloy (SMA), causing the SMA to shorten in length, thereby compressing the spring and moving the valve body away from the first port.

[0580] In some embodiments, a linear actuator (e.g., a solenoid, shape memory alloy 2516) further includes a shape memory alloy (e.g., shape memory alloy 2516) that translates a valve body (e.g., valve bodies 2464, 2490) in response to a current conducted through the shape memory alloy. The shape memory alloy may be provided with an electrical terminal mounted at the distal end of the beam and in electrical communication with the shape memory alloy. The shape memory alloy may extend from the terminal, along the beam, along the spring, and around the distal end of the valve body adjacent the first seal. The shape memory alloy (SMA) may be formed from a material that actuates in response to a current, such as a nickel-titanium alloy that contracts when current is passed through the material, causing the SMA to shorten its length, thereby compressing the spring and moving the valve body away from the first port.

[0581] In some embodiments, the valve body (e.g., valve bodies 2464, 2490) is elongated and each of a pair of opposing seals (e.g., seals 2462, 2474, 2476, 2498, 2500) is spaced and oriented at the distal end of the elongated valve body (e.g., valve bodies 2464, 2490).

[0582] In some embodiments, the housing (e.g., housings 2444, 2484) may be provided with fluid chambers (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448) formed therein. A first port (e.g., first ports 2456, 2458, 2496), a second port (e.g., second ports 2466, 2468, 2518), and a third port (e.g., third ports 2478, 2480, 2520) are in fluid communication with the fluid chamber (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448). The housing can be formed from a lightweight and structurally elastic material such as a polymer material or a lightweight metal alloy, using gaskets, covers, fasteners, laser welding, friction welding, and / or adhesives. The second port may be parallel to the first port. The third port may be axially aligned with the first port. The fluid chamber may be vented to the external atmosphere. The valve body (e.g., valve bodies 2464, 2490) is oriented to translate relatively within the fluid chamber (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448).

[0583] In some embodiments, the valve body (e.g., valve bodies 2464, 2490) is translatable to an expanded position to expand the fluid bladder (e.g., fluid bladders 2466, 2468, 2518), such that fluid enters from a pressurized fluid source (e.g., pump 2438) into a first port (e.g., first ports 2456, 2458, 2496), passes through a fluid chamber (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448) and exits from a second port (e.g., second ports 2466, 2468, 2518) to expand the fluid bladder (e.g., fluid bladders 2432, 2434), while a third port (e.g., third ports 2478, 2480, 2520) is sealed from the fluid chamber (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448). The fluid bladder may impart tactile effects to the occupant, such as vibrations to convey attentional ventilation, vibrations to impart massage, and pressure to impart a pressurized massage effect, like an air bladder such as a lumbar bladder, a bolster bladder, and / or a shoulder bladder. The valve body (e.g., valve bodies 2464, 2490) is translatable to a contracted position, such that fluid enters from the fluid bladder (e.g., fluid bladders 2432, 2434) into a second port (e.g., second ports 2466, 2468, 2518), passes through a fluid chamber (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448) and exits from a third port (e.g., third ports 2478, 2480, 2520) to contract the fluid bladder (e.g., fluid bladders 2432, 2434), while a first port (e.g., first ports 2456, 2458, 2496) is sealed from the fluid chamber (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448).

[0584] In some embodiments, an actuator (e.g., fluid bladders 2432, 2434) is connected to a second port (e.g., second ports 2466, 2468, 2518). The actuator may impart tactile effects to the occupant, such as vibrations to convey attentional ventilation, vibrations to impart massage, and pressure to impart a pressurized massage effect, like an air bladder such as a lumbar bladder, a bolster bladder, and / or a shoulder bladder.

[0585] In some embodiments, a housing (e.g., housing 2444, 2484) having a plurality of fluid chambers (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448) formed therein each has a first port (e.g., first ports 2456, 2458, 2496), a second port (e.g., second ports 2466, 2468, 2518), and a third port (e.g., third ports 2478, 2480, 2520). The housing can be formed from a lightweight and structurally elastic material such as a polymeric material or a lightweight metal alloy, using gaskets, covers, fasteners, laser welding, friction welding, and / or adhesives. The second port may be in parallel with the first port. The third port may be axially aligned with the first port. The fluid chambers may vent to the external atmosphere. A plurality of valve assemblies (e.g., valve assemblies 2440, 2482, valve sub-assemblies 2450, 2452, 2488) are provided. The valve body (e.g., valve bodies 2464, 2490) of each valve assembly (e.g., valve assemblies 2440, 2482, valve sub-assemblies 2450, 2452, 2488) is oriented to translate within one of the plurality of fluid chambers (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448).

[0586] An assembly (e.g., sheet assembly 2420, actuator assembly 2436, valve assemblies 2440, 2482, valve sub-assemblies 2450, 2452, 2488) is described as having a valve body (e.g., valve bodies 2464, 2490) formed from a polymeric material. The valve body may be elongated, may be formed from a lightweight and elastic material such as polypropylene, may be reinforced with glass fibers, or may be formed from an aluminum alloy. The valve body may include a beam. The beam extends generally parallel to the valve body from the valve body. The beam may be integrally formed with a spring. The beam may have a first thickness. The beam may include a plurality of lateral protrusions that extend outwardly from the beam to be received in a slot of a housing to prevent axial translation of the beam, and the slot is slightly tapered such that as the protrusions are installed in the slot, the beam is gradually positioned toward a first port, compressing the spring slightly to provide a preload. The protrusions extend toward the valve body, providing an alignment spacer between the valve body and the beam, and may maintain the valve body in alignment with a translation path toward and away from the first port. The valve body may include a valve stem and a valve end. The valve body may be sealed at three axial locations relative to the inner surface of the bore. The valve body (e.g., valve bodies 2464, 2490) is sized to translate within a fluid chamber (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448). The fluid chamber may be a housing having a first port formed therein, a second port parallel to the first port, and a third port axially aligned with the first port and venting to an external atmosphere in fluid communication with the fluid chamber.While the third port of the valve body is sealed from the fluid chamber, fluid enters the first port from a pressurized fluid source, flows out of the second port through the fluid chamber, and translates to an inflated position to inflate fluid bladders such as a lumbar bladder, a bolster bladder, and a shoulder bladder. And while the first port is sealed from the fluid chamber, fluid enters the second port from the fluid bladder, flows out of the third port through the fluid chamber, and is translatable to a contracted position to contract the fluid bladder, and may be oriented within the fluid chamber. The housing can be formed from a lightweight and structurally elastic material such as a polymer material or a lightweight metal alloy using gaskets, covers, fasteners, laser welding, friction welding, and / or adhesives. Springs (e.g., springs 2460, 2502) are integrally formed with the valve body (e.g., valve bodies 2464, 2490), extend from the valve body (e.g., valve bodies 2464, 2490), and bias the valve body (e.g., valve bodies 2464, 2490) in one direction. The spring may be a compression spring. The spring may be sinusoidally curved alternately. The spring may have a reduced second thickness relative to the first thickness to limit deformation of the spring. A linear actuator (e.g., a solenoid, a shape memory alloy 2516) is mounted to the valve body (e.g., valve bodies 2464, 2490) to operate the valve body (e.g., valve bodies 2464, 2490) and compress the spring (e.g., springs 2460, 2502). The linear actuator may be a shape memory alloy, and electrical terminals are mounted at the distal end of a beam that is in electrical communication with the shape memory alloy. The shape memory alloy may extend from the terminal, along the beam, along the spring, and around the distal end of the valve body adjacent to the first seal. The shape memory alloy may be formed from a material that operates in response to an electric current, such as a nickel-titanium alloy that contracts when an electric current flows. The linear actuator may translate the valve body in response to an electric current conducted through the shape memory alloy (SMA), the SMA shortens in length, thereby compressing the spring and moving the valve body away from the first port.The linear actuator translates the valve body in response to a current conducted through a shape memory alloy, causing the SMA to shorten in length, thereby compressing the spring and moving the valve body away from the first port.

[0587] In some embodiments, a linear actuator (e.g., a solenoid, shape memory alloy 2516) further includes a shape memory alloy (e.g., shape memory alloy 2516) that translates a valve body (e.g., valve bodies 2464, 2490) in response to a current conducted through the shape memory alloy. The shape memory alloy may be provided with electrical terminals mounted at the distal end of the beam and in electrical communication with the shape memory alloy. The shape memory alloy may extend from the terminal, along the beam, along the spring, and around the distal end of the valve body adjacent to the first seal. The shape memory alloy (SMA) may be formed from a material that actuates in response to an electric current, such as a nickel-titanium alloy that contracts when an electric current is passed through the material, causing the SMA to shorten in length, thereby compressing the spring and moving the valve body away from the first port.

[0588] In some embodiments, a beam (e.g., beam 2504) extends from the valve body (e.g., valve bodies 2464, 2490). The beam may generally be parallel to the valve body. The beam may be integrally formed with the spring. The beam may have a first thickness. The beam may include a plurality of lateral protrusions that extend outwardly from the beam and are received in slots in the housing to prevent axial translation of the beam, the slots being slightly tapered such that as the protrusions are installed in the slots, the beam is gradually positioned toward the first port, slightly compressing the spring to provide a preload. The protrusions extend toward the valve body, providing an alignment spacer between the valve body and the beam and maintaining the valve body in alignment with a translation path toward and away from the first port.

[0589] In some embodiments, a beam (e.g., beam 2504) has a first thickness. Springs (e.g., springs 2460, 2502) have a second thickness that is reduced relative to the first thickness. By reducing the thickness, deformation of the springs can be restricted.

[0590] In some embodiments, the springs (e.g., springs 2460, 2502) further comprise compression springs. The springs may be sinusoidal, curving alternately.

[0591] In some embodiments, electrical terminals (e.g., terminals 2512, 2514) that are in electrical communication with a shape memory alloy (e.g., shape memory alloy 2516) are mounted to a beam (e.g., beam 2504). The shape memory alloy may extend from the terminals, along the beam, along the springs, and around the distal end of the valve body adjacent to the first seal. The shape memory alloy may be formed from a material that operates in response to an electric current, such as a nickel-titanium alloy that contracts when an electric current flows through it.

[0592] In some embodiments, a housing (e.g., housings 2444, 2484) may be provided with a fluid chamber (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448) formed therein. A first port (e.g., first ports 2456, 2458, 2496), a second port (e.g., second ports 2466, 2468, 2518), and a third port (e.g., third ports 2478, 2480, 2520) are in fluid communication with the fluid chamber (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448). The housing can be formed from a lightweight and structurally elastic material such as a polymeric material or a lightweight metal alloy, using gaskets, covers, fasteners, laser welding, friction welding, and / or adhesives. The second port may be parallel to the first port. The third port may be axially aligned with the first port. The fluid chamber may vent to the external atmosphere. The valve body (e.g., valve bodies 2464, 2490) is oriented to translate relatively within the fluid chamber (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448).

[0593] In some embodiments, the valve body (e.g., valve bodies 2464, 2490) is translatable to an inflated position to inflate the fluid bladder (e.g., fluid bladders 2466, 2468, 2518), such that fluid enters from a pressurized fluid source (e.g., pump 2438) into a first port (e.g., first ports 2456, 2458, 2496), passes through a fluid chamber (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448), exits through a second port (e.g., second ports 2466, 2468, 2518) to inflate the fluid bladder (e.g., fluid bladders 2432, 2434), while a third port (e.g., third ports 2478, 2480, 2520) is sealed from the fluid chamber (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448). The fluid bladder may impart tactile effects to the occupant, such as vibrations to convey attention ventilation, vibrations to impart massage, and pressure to impart a pressurized massage effect, like an air bladder such as a lumbar bladder, a bolster bladder, and / or a shoulder bladder. The valve body (e.g., valve bodies 2464, 2490) is translatable to a deflated position such that fluid enters from the fluid bladder (e.g., fluid bladders 2432, 2434) into a second port (e.g., second ports 2466, 2468, 2518), passes through a fluid chamber (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448), exits through a third port (e.g., third ports 2478, 2480, 2520) to deflate the fluid bladder (e.g., fluid bladders 2432, 2434), while a first port (e.g., first ports 2456, 2458, 2496) is sealed from the fluid chamber (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448).

[0594] In some embodiments, an actuator (e.g., fluid bladders 2432, 2434) is connected to a second port (e.g., second ports 2466, 2468, 2518). The actuator may impart a tactile effect to an occupant, such as vibrations to convey attentiveness, vibrations to impart a massage, or pressure to impart a pressurized massage effect, such as an air bladder like a lumbar bladder, a bolster bladder, and / or a shoulder bladder. A source of pressurized fluid (e.g., pump 2438) is connected to a first port (e.g., first ports 2456, 2458, 2496).

[0595] In some embodiments, a housing (e.g., housings 2444, 2484) having a plurality of fluid chambers (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448) formed therein each has a first port (e.g., first ports 2456, 2458, 2496), a second port (e.g., second ports 2466, 2468, 2518), and a third port (e.g., third ports 2478, 2480, 2520). The housing can be formed from a lightweight and structurally elastic material such as a polymeric material or a lightweight metal alloy, using gaskets, covers, fasteners, laser welding, friction welding, and / or adhesives. The second port may be in parallel with the first port. The third port may be axially aligned with the first port. The fluid chambers may be vented to the external atmosphere. A plurality of valve assemblies (e.g., valve assemblies 2440, 2482, valve sub-assemblies 2450, 2452, 2488) are provided. The valve body (e.g., valve bodies 2464, 2490) of each valve assembly (e.g., valve assemblies 2440, 2482, valve sub-assemblies 2450, 2452, 2488) is oriented to translate within one of the plurality of fluid chambers (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448).

[0596] An assembly (e.g., a seat assembly 2420, an actuator assembly 2436, a valve assembly 2440, 2482, a valve sub-assembly 2450, 2452, 2488) is described as having a housing (e.g., housings 2444, 2484) in which a fluid chamber (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448) is formed. A first port (e.g., first ports 2456, 2458, 2496), a second port (e.g., second ports 2466, 2468, 2518), and a third port (e.g., third ports 2478, 2480, 2520) are in fluid communication with the fluid chamber (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448). The housing can be formed from a lightweight and structurally elastic material such as a polymeric material or a lightweight metal alloy using gaskets, covers, fasteners, laser welding, friction welding, and / or adhesives. The second port may be parallel to the first port. The third port may be axially aligned with the first port. The fluid chamber may be vented to the external atmosphere. The first port (e.g., first ports 2456, 2458, 2496) or the third port (e.g., third ports 2478, 2480, 2520) is formed at the distal end of the fluid chamber (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448). A valve (e.g., valve bodies 2464, 2490) is oriented to translate to an expanded position in the fluid chamber (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448) such that fluid enters the first port (e.g., first ports 2456, 2458, 2496) from a pressurized fluid source (e.g., a pump 2438), passes through the fluid chamber (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448), exits through the second port (e.g., second ports 2466, 2468, 2518), and expands a fluid bladder (e.g., fluid bladders 2432, 2434), while the third port (e.g., third ports 2478, 2480, 2520) is sealed from the fluid chamber (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448). The fluid bladder may impart tactile effects to the occupant such as vibrations for conveying attention shift, vibrations for imparting massage, and pressure for imparting a pressurized massage effect, like an air bladder such as a lumbar bladder, a bolster bladder, and / or a shoulder bladder.The valve (e.g., valve bodies 2464, 2490) is also translatable to a retracted position such that fluid enters from a fluid bladder (e.g., fluid bladders 2432, 2434) into a second port (e.g., second ports 2466, 2468, 2518), passes through a fluid chamber (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448), exits from a third port (e.g., third ports 2478, 2480, 2520), and contracts the fluid bladder (e.g., fluid bladders 2432, 2434), while a first port (e.g., first ports 2456, 2458, 2496) is sealed from the fluid chamber (e.g., fluid chambers 2446, 2448). The valve body may be elongated and may be formed of a lightweight and elastic material such as a polymer material like polypropylene, may be reinforced with glass fibers, or may be formed of an aluminum alloy. The valve body may include a beam. The beam extends generally parallel to the valve body from the valve body. The beam may be integrally formed with a spring. The beam may have a first thickness. The beam may include a plurality of lateral protrusions that extend outwardly from the beam and are received in a slot of the housing to prevent axial translation of the beam, and the slot is slightly tapered such that the beam is gradually positioned toward the first port as the protrusions are installed in the slot, slightly compressing the spring to provide a preload. The protrusions extend toward the valve body, providing an alignment spacer between the valve body and the beam and maintaining the valve body in alignment with a translation path toward and away from the first port. The valve body may include a valve stem and a valve end. The valve body may be sealed at three axial locations relative to the inner surface of the bore.

[0597] Figure 70 shows a seat system 2620 according to some embodiments. The seat system 2620 is a vehicle seat system 2620 for a land vehicle, a watercraft, an aircraft, etc. The seat system 2620 may also be a seat system 2620 such as a comfort chair, an office chair, etc. In a vehicle environment, the seat system 2620 may be a front row seat system 2620, or a subsequent middle row or rear row seat system 2620.

[0598] The seat system 2620 includes a seat bottom 2622 sized to support the occupant's pelvis and thighs. The seat bottom 2622 is adapted to be mounted to the vehicle floor. The seat back 2624 extends in an upright direction from the seat bottom 2622. The seat back 2624 is sized to receive and support the occupant's back. The seat back 2624 may be supported by the seat bottom 2622 or a support surface thereunder. A headrest 2626 for supporting the occupant's head is also provided on the seat back 2624.

[0599] The seat system 2620 provides contact surfaces 2628, 2630 for receiving and comfortably supporting the occupant. The seat system 2620 includes a plurality of actuators 2632, 2634 provided within the seat system 2620 within the contact surfaces 2628, 2630. Although the arrangement of the actuators 2632, 2634 is illustrated and described, any number or location of the actuators 2632, 2634 may be employed. The actuators 2632, 2634 may be utilized to impart tactile effects to the occupant such as vibrations to convey an alert, vibrations to impart a massage, pressure to impart a pressure massage effect, support to the occupant, and the like.

[0600] In the illustrated embodiment, the actuators 2632, 2634 are fluid bladders 2632, 2634 such as air bladders 2632, 2634. The fluid bladder 2632 is for imparting a pressure massage effect to the occupant. The fluid bladder 2634 is disposed in the side bolster of the seat back 2624 and provides adjustable support to the occupant.

[0601] The seat system 2620 includes a gate valve assembly 2636 that is in fluid communication with fluid bladders 2632, 2634. The gate valve assembly 2636 is in fluid communication with a fill valve assembly 2638 and a logic valve assembly 2640. A pump 2642, such as a compressor, is in fluid communication with the fill valve assembly 2638 and the logic valve assembly 2640 and provides a source of pressurized fluid, such as compressed air, to the fill valve assembly 2638 and the logic valve assembly 2640. The pump 2642 and the electric valve 2638 may be used in any quantity. Alternatively, a plurality of pumps 2642 may be used without using any electric valves 2638, 2640.

[0602] The controller 2644 is in electrical communication with the pump 2642 and operates the pump 2642 to generate a source of pressurized air. The controller 2644 is also in electrical communication with the fill valve assembly 2638 and the logic valve assembly 2640 and controls the fill valve assembly 2638 and the logic valve assembly 2640 to regulate the flow of pressurized air to the gate valve assembly 2636. The valve assemblies 2636, 2638, 2640 are housed within the seat back 2624 or the seat bottom 2622 of the seat system 2620. The controller 2644 is housed within the vehicle and, in some embodiments, within the seat back 2624 or the seat bottom 2622. The fill valve assembly 2638 and the logic valve assembly 2640 may be manufactured as a single unit. In this case, the controller 2644 may be pre-assembled and integrated into this single unit. If the fill valve assembly 2638 and the logic valve assembly 2640 are manufactured as two separate units, the controller 2644 may also be split into two units, with each unit attachable to its respective valve assembly 2638, 2640.

[0603] The gate valve assembly 2636 is shown in detail in FIG. 71. The gate valve assembly 2636 includes a matrix of gate valve sub-assemblies 2646. Each gate valve sub-assembly 2646 is utilized to inflate one of the fluid actuators 2632, 2634. The gate valve assembly 2636 employs a 2×3 matrix or linear array of gate valve sub-assemblies 2646. Although a 2×3 matrix is shown and described, any arrangement and quantity of gate valve sub-assemblies 2646 may be employed, such as 2×3, 1×4, 4×4, 6×9, etc.

[0604] The gate valve assembly 2636 utilizes gate valve sub-assemblies 2646 and pneumatic logic to inflate and deflate a number of fluid actuators while minimizing the number of electrically controlled valves 2638, 2640. Electrically controlled valves 2638, 2640 are expensive, heavy, and typically occupy volume within the seat system 2620. In contrast, gate valve sub-assemblies 2646 are mechanically controlled, inexpensive, compact, and lightweight. In the example depicted, five electrically operated valves are utilized to operate a 2×3 matrix of six gate valve sub-assemblies 2646 for the purpose of actuating six fluid actuators 2632, 2634 in order to reduce one electrically operated valve assembly. According to another example, nine electrically operated valves may be employed for a 3×6 matrix of gate valve sub-assemblies 2646 for the purpose of actuating 18 fluid actuators 2632, 2634 in order to reduce nine electrically operated valves.

[0605] The gate valve assembly 2636 includes a housing 2648. The housing 2648 is formed from a lightweight and structurally elastic material such as a polymer material or a lightweight metal alloy. The housing 2648 includes a matrix of fluid chambers 2650 each having one gate valve sub-assembly 2646 therein. Referring now to FIGS. 71 and 72, a pair of covers 2652, 2654 (shown in phantom lines) are attached to the housing 2648. Gaskets 2656, 2658 are provided between the covers 2652, 2654 and the housing 2648. Fasteners 2660 attach the covers 2652, 2654 and the gaskets 2656, 2658 to the housing 2648. According to some embodiments, the covers 2652, 2654 may be directly attached to the housing 2648 by laser welding, friction welding, adhesion, or other methods to omit the gaskets 2656, 2658 and the fasteners 2660.

[0606] Referring again to FIG. 71, the matrix 2636 of gate valve sub-assemblies 2646 includes two subsets 2662, 2664 of gate valve sub-assemblies 2646, which are oriented in rows 2662, 2664 in the figure. The first row 2662 of gate valve sub-assemblies 2646 is configured to operate the fluid actuator 2634 in a constant expansion state, as will be described in more detail below. The constant expansion state is utilized for bladders 2634 that maintain pressure, such as a lumbar bladder, a bolster bladder, a shoulder bladder, etc. The second row 2664 of gate valve sub-assemblies 2646 is configured to operate the fluid actuator 2632 in a constant contraction state, as will be described in more detail below. The constant contraction state is employed for bladders 2632 that rapidly expand and contract, such as the massage bladder 2632.

[0607] The housing 2648 includes a plurality of inflation connectors 2666, each of which provides an inflation pressure inlet to a subset or column 2668, 2670, 2672 of the gate valve sub-assemblies 2646, each of which includes one gate valve sub-assembly 2646 from rows 2662, 2664. The three inflation connectors 2666 are each connected to a pressure chamber reservoir or bus 2674. The bus 2674 extends along the length of each column 2668, 2670, 2672 and is in fluid communication with each fluid chamber 2650 in each of the columns 2668, 2670, 2672. The bus 2674 is also surrounded and sealed by a cover 2652 and a gasket 2656. The connectors 2666 are provided with valves for the purpose of connection to a hose for receiving pressurized air from the filling valve assembly 2638.

[0608] The housing 2648 also includes a plurality of control connectors 2676, each of which provides a control pressure inlet to one of rows 2662, 2664 of the gate valve sub-assemblies 2646. The two control connectors 2676 are each connected to a bus 2678 as shown in FIG. 72. The bus 2678 extends along the length of each of rows 2662, 2664 to be in fluid communication with each fluid chamber 2650 within each of rows 2662, 2664. The bus 2678 is surrounded and sealed by a cover 2654 and a gasket 2658. The control connectors 2676 receive pressurized air from the logic valve assembly 2640.

[0609] FIGS. 71 and 72 show that the housing 2648 includes a plurality of port connectors 2680, each of which is in fluid communication with one of the fluid chambers 2650. The port connectors 2680 are also each in fluid communication with one of the fluid actuators 2632, 2634, sending pressurized fluid from the fluid chamber 2650 to the fluid actuators 2632, 2634 to inflate the fluid actuators 2632, 2634.

[0610] Referring again to FIG. 70, during operation of the gate valve subassembly 2646 at line 2662, the controller 2644 operates the pump 2642 to provide a source of pressurized air. The controller 2644 also operates the fill valve assembly 2638 to allow pressurized air to enter into the connector 2666 (FIG. 71) and pass into the bus 2674 of the gate valve assembly 2636. Referring to FIGS. 73 and 74, for each gate valve subassembly 2646, a lateral fluid line 2682 is provided, which branches from the corresponding bus 2674 toward the corresponding fluid chamber 2650. A fill inlet 2684 is shown in FIG. 74. This is formed to reach the fluid chamber 2650 through the lateral fluid line 2682.

[0611] Referring again to FIGS. 73 and 74, each gate valve subassembly 2646 includes a valve body 2686 that translates within the fluid chamber 2650 toward and away from the fill inlet 2684. The valve body 2686 is formed from a lightweight and elastic material such a...

Claims

**Claim 1** An assembly comprising a trim cover that contacts an occupant during operation to provide ventilation by a fluid flow, and (i) a ventilation bag and channels fixed to the trim cover, wherein the fluid flow moves from the ventilation bag to the trim cover or vice versa, the ventilation bag defining a cavity in fluid communication with a channel configured to cooperate with a fluid actuator and disposed on the opposite side of the trim cover, the channel extending through one or more additional layers and a first spacer disposed in the cavity, the ventilation bag and channels; (ii) a tie-down membrane cooperating with the trim cover, a barrier layer cooperating with the trim cover, and the first spacer disposed between the trim cover and the barrier layer; (iii) a first layer sized to be disposed on a cushion stitched to a plurality of adjacent trim cover segments of the trim cover, and a seam extending through the plurality of adjacent trim cover segments and the first layer; (iv) the first layer sized to be disposed on a cushion having at least one vent formed therein, and a fluid actuator attached to the first layer to convey a fluid flow through the at least one vent of the first layer; and / or (v) at least one inflatable bladder assembly supported on the first layer to apply pressure to the occupant An assembly comprising the above. **Claim 2** The assembly according to any one of claims 1 or 3 to 111, further comprising a carrier configured to support the fluid actuator, the carrier defining an aperture for receiving a fluid flow from the fluid actuator. **Claim 3** The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 2 or 4 to 111, wherein a first sheet and a second sheet cooperate to form the ventilation bag and the channels together, and the first sheet is fixed to the trim cover facing the occupant. **Claim 4** The assembly of claim 2, wherein the ventilation bag is disposed between the trim cover and the carrier, and the channel is disposed to receive a fluid flow from the fluid actuator through the aperture of the carrier. **Claim 5** The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or 6 to 111, further comprising the fluid actuator. **Claim 6** The assembly of any one of claims 1 to 5 or 7 to 111, wherein the one or more additional layers include a cushion. **Claim 7** The assembly of any one of claims 1 to 6 or 8 to 111, wherein the tie-down film and the barrier layer are connected to the trim cover. **Claim 8** The assembly of any one of claims 1 to 7 or 9 to 111, wherein the first spacer is a porous material. **Claim 9** The assembly of any one of claims 1 to 8 or 10 to 111, wherein the first spacer is a fabric spacer. **Claim 10** The assembly of any one of claims 1 to 9 or 11 to 111, wherein the first and second sheets and / or the first layer are impermeable to the fluid flow. **Claim 11** The assembly of any one of claims 1 to 10 or 12 to 111, wherein the first layer is provided with at least one vent hole therethrough. **Claim 12** The assembly of any one of claims 1 to 11 or 13 to 111, further comprising a second layer that cooperates with the first layer to provide a fluid chamber therebetween, the second layer including a first portion that extends vertically through a first zone and a second zone defined by the seam, and a second portion that extends in a direction opposite to the first portion and is connected to the cushion. **Claim 13** The assembly of claim 12, wherein the first layer is a first fluid-impermeable layer and the second layer is a perforated fluid-impermeable layer. **Claim 14** A first fluid-permeable layer sized to be received by the first fluid-impermeable layer, A fluid actuator attached to a first portion of the second fluid-impermeable layer, A second fluid-permeable layer disposed along the first fluid-impermeable layer and spaced apart from the first fluid-permeable layer The assembly of claim 12 or 13, comprising. **Claim 15** The assembly of claim 14, wherein the fluid actuator is directly attached to the first portion. **Claim 16** The assembly of claim 14 or 15, further comprising a heat transfer layer along the second fluid-permeable layer, the heat transfer layer including an electrically conductive heater mat. **Claim 17** The assembly of any one of claims 1 to 16 or 18 to 111, wherein the trim cover is perforated. **Claim 18** An assembly according to any one of claims 12 to 17, wherein the trim cover is disposed on the first and second layers.

19. An assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 18 or 20 to 111, further comprising an inflatable bladder assembly oriented within the fluid chamber and supported by the first layer to apply pressure to the occupant.

20. An assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 19 or 21 to 111, wherein the first layer is an insulating layer.

21. An assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 20 or 22 to 111, wherein the fluid actuator is a blower.

22. A ventilation assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 21 or 23 to 111, wherein the ventilation bag is sewn or welded to the trim cover.

23. A ventilation assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 22 or 24 to 111, wherein the ventilation bag is fixed to the trim cover at least partially along the outer periphery.

24. A ventilation assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 23 or 25 to 111, wherein the one or more additional layers include a substrate configured to support a blower.

25. The ventilation assembly of claim 24, further comprising a blower supported by the substrate.

26. A ventilation assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 25 or 27 to 111, wherein the one or more additional layers include a non-foamed mesh.

27. A ventilation assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 26 or 28 to 111, wherein the ventilation bag includes a first sheet adjacent to the trim cover and a second sheet fixedly sealed to the first sheet, and the second sheet faces the trim cover such that the first and second sheets define the cavity and the channel.

28. A ventilation assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 27 or 29 to 111, wherein the one or more additional layers do not include a foam cushion.

29. The ventilation assembly of claim 3 or 10, wherein the first sheet is fixed to the trim cover by sewing or welding.

30. A ventilation assembly according to any one of claims 3, 10 or 29, wherein the first spacer is disposed between the first sheet and the second sheet.

31. The ventilation assembly according to claim 3, 10 or 29 to 30, wherein the first sheet is a film.

32. The ventilation assembly according to any one of claims 3, 10 or 29 to 31, wherein the first sheet is sewn to the trim cover.

33. The ventilation assembly according to any one of claims 3, 10 or 29 to 31, wherein the first sheet is welded to the trim cover.

34. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 33 or 35 to 111, wherein the first spacer is disposed between at least a portion of the trim cover layer and the tie-down film.

35. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 34 or 36 to 111, wherein the barrier layer is a plastic layer.

36. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 35 or 37 to 111, further comprising a ventilation port connected to the barrier layer.

37. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 36 or 38 to 111, wherein the first spacer is surrounded by the trim cover and the barrier layer.

38. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 37 or 39 to 111, further comprising a second spacer disposed between the first spacer and the barrier layer.

39. The assembly of claim 38, wherein the second spacer is a porous material.

40. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 39 or 41 to 111, wherein the first spacer includes a reticulated foam.

41. The assembly of claim 38 or 39, wherein the second spacer includes a spacer fabric.

42. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 41 or 43 to 111, wherein the trim cover is connected to the barrier layer around the outer periphery of the assembly.

43. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 42 or 44 to 111, further comprising one or more trim panels connected to the assembly adjacent to the outer periphery.

44. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 43 or 45 to 111, further comprising one or more tie-downs connected to the assembly adjacent to the outer periphery.

45. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 44 or 46 to 111, further comprising a perforated heating pad disposed between the trim cover and the barrier layer.

46. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 45 or 47 to 111, wherein the trim cover includes a first panel connected to a second panel along a joint by a butt joint.

47. The assembly according to claim 46, wherein the joint includes a seam.

48. The assembly according to claim 46 or 47, wherein the tie-down film is connected to the joint and / or the butt joint of the first and second panels.

49. The assembly according to any one of claims 46 to 48, wherein the spacer defines a groove and the butt joint is received in the trench.

50. The assembly according to any one of claims 46 to 49, wherein the butt joint is sewn to the tie-down film through the spacer.

51. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 50 or 52 to 111, wherein the tie-down film is connected to the trim cover in a central region of the panel via decorative stitching, adhesion, and / or lamination.

52. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 51 or 53 to 111, wherein the trim cover layer includes leather, leatherette, vinyl, and / or cloth.

53. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 52 or 54 to 111, wherein the barrier layer includes a non-permeable layer.

54. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 34, 36 to 53, or 55 to 111, wherein the barrier layer includes plastic.

55. The assembly according to any one of claims 38 to 39 or 41, wherein the tie-down film is laminated between the first spacer and the second spacer so that the tie-down film is separated from the trim cover by the first spacer.

56. The assembly according to any one of claims 38 to 39, 41 or 55, wherein the first spacer and the tie-down film are each connected to the second spacer.

57. The assembly according to any one of claims 38 to 39, 41 or 55 to 56, wherein the first spacer and the tie-down film are each connected to the second spacer via adhesion and / or lamination.

58. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 57 or 59 to 111, wherein the tie-down film includes non-woven fabric.

59. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 58 or 60 to 111, wherein the first spacer includes a first portion and a second portion, and the tie-down film extends between the first portion and the second portion of the first spacer to the barrier layer.

60. The assembly according to claims 38 to 39, 41 or 55 to 57, wherein the second spacer includes a first portion and a second portion, and the tie-down film extends between the first portion and the second portion of the second spacer to the barrier layer.

61. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 60 or 62 to 111, wherein the tie-down film extends laterally through the first spacer and the barrier layer to a distal end.

62. The assembly according to any one of claims 61, wherein the barrier layer is disposed between the distal end of the tie-down film and the first spacer such that the distal end of the tie-down film is outside the barrier layer.

63. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 62 or 64 to 111, wherein the barrier layer is connected to the tie-down film.

64. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 63 or 65 to 111, wherein the tie-down film is perforated.

65. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 64 or 66 to 111, wherein the tie-down film includes a screen.

66. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 65 or 67 to 111, wherein the first layer is a fluid-impermeable layer.

67. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 66 or 68 to 111, wherein the first layer includes a plurality of vents formed to penetrate therethrough.

68. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 11, 13 to 67 or 69 to 111, wherein the seam extends through the first layer to define a first zone and a second zone of the trim cover.

69. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 11, 14 to 17, 19 to 68 or 70 to 111, further including a second layer that cooperates with the first layer to provide a fluid chamber therebetween.

70. The assembly according to claim 69, wherein the second layer is a fluid-impermeable layer.

71. The assembly according to claim 69 or 70, wherein the second layer includes a first portion that extends through the first zone and the second zone.

72. The assembly according to any one of claims 69 to 71, wherein the second layer includes a second portion extending in a direction opposite to the first portion for connecting to the cushion.

73. The assembly according to any one of claims 69 to 72, wherein the second layer is perforated to allow air to pass through the first zone and the second zone.

74. The assembly according to any one of claims 69 to 73, further comprising a fluid actuator attached to the second layer so as to send fluid from the first layer through the fluid chamber.

75. The assembly of claim 74, wherein the fluid actuator includes a fan attached to one of the first zone or the second zone to provide fluid communication through the first zone and the second zone.

76. The assembly of claim 75, wherein the fan conveys air through the first portion of the second layer, the fluid chamber, and the first layer, and the air goes from the first zone through the second layer to the second zone.

77. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 76 or 78 to 111, wherein the first layer is a fluid-impermeable layer and a first fluid-permeable layer displaced along the first layer.

78. The assembly of claim 77, wherein the first fluid-permeable layer extends through a first zone and a second zone defined by the seam, and the first fluid-permeable layer is sewn to the seam.

80. The assembly according to any one of claims 77 to 79, further comprising a second fluid-permeable layer sized to be received within the fluid chamber and spaced apart from the first fluid-permeable layer.

81. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 80 or 82 to 111, wherein the first and / or second layer is insulating.

82. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 80 or 83 to 111, wherein the plurality of adjacent trim cover segments are perforated to allow fluid passing through the trim cover segments.

83. The assembly according to any one of claims 12 to 14, 18, 69 to 74 or 76, wherein the second layer extends through the first zone and the second zone and extends to a seam of the trim cover segment, and includes a first perforated portion and a second portion connected to the cushion.

86. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 851, further including a second layer that cooperates with the first layer to provide a fluid chamber therebetween.

87. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 86 or 88 to 111, wherein the fluid actuator is directly attached to the second layer so as to send the fluid out from the at least one vent of the first layer after transporting the fluid through the fluid chamber.

88. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 87 or 89 to 111, further including a first fluid permeable layer sized to be received within the fluid chamber.

89. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 88 or 90 to 111, further including a second fluid permeable layer disposed along the first layer spaced apart from the first fluid permeable layer.

90. The assembly according to any one of claims 69 to 74, 76, 81, 83 or 86 to 87, wherein the fluid actuator is directly attached to the second layer.

91. The assembly according to any one of claims 69 to 74, 76, 81, 83 or 86 to 87 or 90, wherein the fluid actuator is welded to the second layer.

92. The assembly according to any one of claims 69 to 74, 76, 81, 83, 86 to 87 or 90 to 91, further including a heat transfer layer disposed along the first layer spaced apart from the second layer.

93. The assembly of claim 92, wherein the heat transfer layer includes an electrically conductive heater mat.

94. The assembly according to any one of claims 69 to 74, 76, 81, 83, 86 to 87 or 90 to 92, wherein the trim cover is disposed over the first layer and the second layer.

95. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 94 or 96 to 111, wherein the trim cover is sewn to the first layer without an adhesive.

96. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 95 or 97 to 111, wherein the fluid actuator further includes a fan.

97. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 96 or 98 to 111, wherein the first fluid is insulating.

98. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 97 or 98 to 111, wherein the plurality of vents are formed to pass through the first layer.

99. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 98 or 100 to 111, wherein the cushion is fluid permeable.

100. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 99 or 101 to 111, wherein the first layer is fluid impermeable.

101. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 100 or 102 to 111, wherein the first layer includes at least one vent formed to penetrate therethrough.

102. The assembly according to claims 69 to 74, 76, 81, 83, 86 to 87, 90 to 92 or 94, further comprising a second fluid actuator directly attached to the second layer.

103. The assembly according to any one of claims 69 to 74, 76, 81, 83, 86 to 87, 90 to 92, 94 or 102, wherein the second fluid actuator is welded to the second layer.

104. The assembly according to any one of claims 12, 19, 76, 80 or 86 to 88, wherein the at least one inflatable bladder assembly is oriented within the fluid chamber.

105. The assembly according to any one of claims 12, 19, 76, 80, 86 to 88 or 104, further comprising a first fluid permeable layer sized to be received within the fluid chamber, the first fluid permeable layer being displaced in the inflatable bladder assembly.

106. Further comprising a controller in electrical communication with the at least one inflatable bladder assembly, wherein the controller is configured to receive an input indicating a manual adjustment, and configured to adjust the at least one inflatable bladder assembly to apply pressure to an occupant The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 105 or 107 to 111.

107. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 106 or 108 to 111, wherein the at least one inflatable air bladder assembly includes a plurality of inflatable air bladder assemblies housed within the fluid chamber.

108. A seat assembly including the ventilation assembly of claim 23, The seat assembly, wherein the outer peripheral portion is the outer peripheral portion of the surface of the seat assembly.

109. A seat assembly including a seat frame and a ventilation assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 108, wherein the ventilation assembly is supported by the seat frame.

110. A seat assembly comprising: a seat bottom; a seat back extending in an upright posture from the seat bottom; a cushion attached to the seat bottom or the seat back; and an assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 109 cooperating with the seat bottom and / or the seat back.

111. A vehicle including the seat assembly according to any one of claims 108 to 110.

112. A method comprising: forming a trim assembly by connecting a trim cover segment to (i) a tie-down film and a barrier layer such that one or more spacers are disposed between the trim cover segment and the tie-down film, or (ii) a first layer forming a seal that is stitched to an adjacent trim cover segment to define a first zone and a second zone, (iii) connecting the trim cover segment over a first layer to which a fluid actuator is attached, or (iv) connecting the trim cover segment to at least one inflatable bladder assembly such that the at least one inflatable bladder assembly is supported in the trim cover segment to apply pressure to an occupant.

113. The method according to any one of claims 112 or 114 to 137, further comprising disposing the one or more spacers between the trim cover segment and the barrier layer.

114. The method according to any one of claims 112 to 113 or 115 to 137, wherein the trim cover segment is perforated.

115. The method according to any one of claims 112 to 114 or 116 to 137, wherein the trim cover segment is one of a plurality of adjacent trim cover segments.

116. The method according to any one of claims 112 to 115 or 117 to 137, further comprising installing the trim cover segment and the first layer over a seat assembly.

117. The method of claim 116, wherein the seat assembly includes a cushion and a frame.

118. The method of claim 116 or 117, wherein the seat assembly is pre-assembled.

119. The method according to any one of claims 112 to 118 or 120 to 137, wherein the trim cover segment is sized to be disposed on the cushion.

120. The method according to any one of claims 112 to 119 or 122 to 137, wherein the one or more spacers include a porous material.

121. The method according to any one of claims 112 to 119 or 122 to 137, wherein the one or more spacers include a porous fabric.

122. The method according to any one of claims 112 to 121, wherein disposing the one or more spacers between the trim cover and the barrier layer includes disposing a first spacer and a second spacer between the trim cover and the barrier layer.

123. The method according to any one of claims 112 to 122 or 126 to 137, wherein the one or more spacers include trenches.

124. The method of claim 123, further comprising forming the trenches in the one or more spacers.

125. The method according to claim 123 or 124, further comprising disposing the overlap of the joint between two panels of the trim cover segment in the trench.

126. layering the one or more spacers between the tie-down membrane and the trim cover; sewing the overlap to the tie-down membrane along the trench so as to pass through the one or more spacers; The method according to claim 125, further comprising.

127. The method according to any one of claims 112 to 126 or 128 to 137, wherein disposing the one or more spacers between the trim cover and the barrier layer includes disposing a first portion and a second portion of the one or more spacers, and disposing the tie-down membrane so as to extend laterally with respect to the trim cover and extend between the first portion and the second portion of the one or more spacers to a distal end.

128. The method of claim 127, further comprising connecting the distal end to the barrier layer.

129. The method according to any one of claims 112 to 128 or 130 to 137, further comprising connecting the trim assembly to a frame of the seat assembly.

130. The method according to any one of claims 112 to 129, further comprising disposing an inlet port in the barrier layer.

131. The method of claim 130, further comprising connecting a fan and / or a pump to the inlet port.

132. The method of claim 131, further comprising flowing air into the inlet port through the one or more spacers and through the trim cover to ventilate the trim assembly.

133. The method according to any one of claims 112 to 132, further comprising flowing air across the tie-down membrane.

134. The method according to any one of claims 112 to 133 or 135 to 137, further comprising attaching a second layer cooperating with the first layer to a perforated first portion extending through the first zone and the second zone.

135. The method of claim 134, further comprising attaching a fluid actuator to the second layer.

136. The method of claim 134 or 135, further comprising installing the first layer, the second layer, and the trim cover segment on a pre-assembled seat assembly having a cushion and a frame.

137. The method according to any one of claims 112 to 136, further comprising attaching a second layer cooperating with the first layer to provide a fluid chamber therebetween.

138. A ventilation assembly for a seat, a trim cover assembled to the seat and configured to provide ventilation by fluid flow in contact with an occupant when assembled to the seat and during operation; a ventilation bag, (i) the ventilation bag defining a cavity and a channel fluidly communicating with the cavity and disposed on the opposite side of the trim cover, the channel being configured to be connected to a blower through one or more additional layers, and (ii) the ventilation bag fixed to the trim cover such that fluid flow moves from the ventilation bag to the trim cover or vice versa; a spacer fabric disposed in the cavity and a ventilation assembly.

139. The ventilation assembly of claim 138, wherein the ventilation bag is sewn or welded to the trim cover.

140. The ventilation assembly of claim 138, wherein the ventilation bag is fixed to the trim cover at least partially along the outer periphery.

141. The ventilation assembly of claim 138, wherein the one or more additional layers include a substrate configured to support a blower.

142. The ventilation assembly of claim 141, wherein the one or more additional layers include a non-foamed mesh.

143. The ventilation assembly of claim 142, further comprising a blower supported by the substrate.

144. The ventilation assembly of claim 138, wherein the ventilation bag includes a first sheet adjacent to the trim cover and a second sheet fixedly sealed to the first sheet, and the second sheet faces the trim cover such that the first and second sheets define the cavity and the channel.

145. The ventilation assembly according to claim 138, wherein the one or more additional layers do not include a foamed cushion.

146. A seat assembly including the ventilation assembly of claim 140, wherein the outer peripheral portion is the outer peripheral portion of the surface of the seat assembly.

147. A vehicle seat including the ventilation assembly according to claim 138 and a seat frame supporting the ventilation assembly.

148. A seat sub-assembly, a trim cover having an exposed surface and a non-exposed surface opposite the exposed surface, the trim cover being configured to provide ventilation to an occupant adjacent to the exposed surface when receiving a fluid flow on the non-exposed surface; a carrier configured to support a blower, the carrier defining an orifice for receiving a fluid flow from the blower; a first sheet fixed to the trim cover between the trim cover and the carrier; a second sheet between the first sheet and the carrier, the second sheet being sealed to the first sheet such that the first and second sheets define a cavity including a channel, the channel being configured to receive a fluid flow from the blower through the orifice; a spacer disposed in the cavity; One or more additional layers disposed between the second sheet and the carrier, the channels providing a passage through the one or more additional layers, and ventilation being provided through the cavity to or from the blower and to or from the occupant adjacent the trim cover. One or more additional layers A seat assembly including. **Claim 149** The seat subassembly of claim 148, wherein the first sheet is fixed to the trim cover by sewing or welding. **Claim 150** The seat subassembly of claim 148, wherein the spacer is disposed between the first sheet and the second sheet. **Claim 151** A seat assembly including a seat frame and the seat subassembly of claim 11 supported by the seat frame. **Claim 152** A ventilation assembly for a seat, A trim cover, A carrier configured to support a blower, the carrier defining a first orifice configured to receive a fluid flow from the blower during operation, A cushion disposed between the trim cover and the carrier, the cushion defining a second orifice adjacent the carrier, A membrane disposed between the cushion and the trim cover and extending through the second orifice, the fluid flow being received or delivered to the trim cover through the first orifice and the membrane being fixed to the trim cover to provide ventilation to an occupant adjacent the trim cover through the trim cover during operation A ventilation assembly including. **Claim 153** The ventilation assembly of claim 152, wherein the membrane is fixed to the trim cover along an outer periphery. **Claim 154** The ventilation assembly according to claim 152, wherein the membrane is sewn or welded to the trim cover. **Claim 155** The ventilation assembly of claim 154, wherein the membrane is sewn to the trim cover. **Claim 156** The ventilation assembly of claim 154, wherein the membrane is welded to the trim cover. **Claim 157** A vehicle seat including a seat frame and the ventilation assembly of claim 152 supported by the seat frame. **Claim 158** An assembly, A perforated trim cover layer, A tie-down membrane connected to the trim cover layer, A barrier layer connected to the trim cover layer, A porous spacer material layer disposed between the trim cover layer and the barrier layer An assembly comprising:

159. The assembly of claim 158, wherein the porous spacer material layer is disposed between the trim cover layer and at least a portion of the tie-down film.

160. The assembly according to any one of claims 158 to 159, further comprising a vent port connected to the barrier layer.

161. The assembly according to any one of claims 158 to 160, wherein the spacer material layer is surrounded by the trim cover layer and the barrier layer.

162. The assembly according to any one of claims 158 to 161, further comprising a second porous spacer material layer, the second porous spacer material layer being disposed between the first porous spacer material layer and the barrier layer.

163. The assembly according to any one of claims 158 to 162, wherein the first porous spacer material layer comprises a reticulated foam.

164. The assembly according to any one of claims 158 to 163, wherein the second porous spacer material layer comprises a spacer fabric.

165. The assembly according to any one of claims 158 to 164, wherein the trim cover layer is connected to the barrier layer around the outer periphery of the assembly.

166. The assembly according to any one of claims 158 to 165, further comprising one or more trim panels connected to the assembly adjacent to the outer periphery.

167. The assembly according to any one of claims 158 to 166, further comprising one or more tie-downs connected to the assembly adjacent to the outer periphery.

168. The assembly according to any one of claims 158 to 167, further comprising a perforated heating pad disposed between the trim cover layer and the barrier layer.

169. The assembly according to any one of claims 158 to 168, wherein the perforated trim cover layer comprises a first panel connected to a second panel along a joint by a lap.

170. The assembly of claim 169, wherein the joint comprises a seam.

171. The assembly according to any one of claims 169 to 170, wherein the tie-down film is connected to the joint and / or the lap of the first and second panels.

172. The assembly according to any one of claims 168 to 171, wherein the porous spacer material defines the trench and the overlap is received in the trench. **Claim 173** The assembly according to any one of claims 168 to 172, wherein the overlap is stitched to the tie-down film through the porous spacer material. **Claim 174** The assembly according to any one of claims 168 to 173, wherein the tie-down film is connected to the trim cover layer in a central region of the panel via decorative stitching, adhesion, and / or lamination. **Claim 175** The assembly according to any one of claims 168 to 172, wherein the perforated trim cover layer comprises leather, leatherette, vinyl, and / or fabric. **Claim 176** The assembly according to any one of claims 158 to 175, wherein the barrier layer comprises a non-permeable layer. **Claim 177** The assembly according to any one of claims 158 to 176, wherein the barrier layer comprises plastic. **Claim 178** The assembly according to any one of claims 158 to 177, wherein the tie-down film is laminated between the first porous spacer material layer and the second porous spacer material layer so as to be separated from the trim cover layer by the first porous spacer material layer. **Claim 179** The assembly according to any one of claims 158 to 178, wherein the first spacer material layer and the tie-down film are each connected to the second spacer material layer. **Claim 180** The assembly of claim 179, wherein the first spacer material layer and the tie-down film are each connected to the second spacer material layer via adhesion and / or lamination. **Claim 181** The assembly according to any one of claims 158 to 180, wherein the tie-down film comprises a non-woven fabric. **Claim 182** The assembly according to any one of claims 158 to 171 and 174 to 177, wherein the porous spacer material layer comprises a first portion and a second portion, and the tie-down film extends to the barrier layer between the first portion and the second portion of the porous spacer material layer. **Claim 183** The second porous spacer material layer comprises a first portion and a second portion, The assembly of claim 182, wherein the tie-down film extends to the barrier layer between the first portion and the second portion of the second porous spacer material layer. **Claim 184** The assembly according to any one of claims 182 to 183, wherein the tie-down membrane extends laterally through the spacer material layer and the barrier layer to a distal end.

185. The assembly according to claim 184, wherein the barrier layer is disposed between a distal end of the tie-down membrane and the spacer material layer such that the distal end of the tie-down membrane is outside the barrier layer.

186. The assembly according to any one of claims 158 to 177 and 182 to 185, wherein the barrier layer is connected to the tie-down membrane.

187. The assembly according to any one of claims 158 to 171 and 174 to 177 and 182 to 186, wherein the tie-down membrane is perforated.

188. The assembly according to any one of claims 158 to 171 and 174 to 177 and 182 to 187, wherein the tie-down membrane includes a screen.

189. A seat assembly comprising: a frame; and the assembly according to any one of claims 158 to 188.

190. The seat assembly according to claim 189, further comprising a cushion member covered by the assembly, wherein the assembly is connected to the frame and / or the cushion member.

191. The seat assembly according to claim 189 or 190, further comprising an air pump and / or a fan connected to the barrier layer.

192. A method comprising: disposing one or more porous spacer material layers between a perforated trim cover layer and a barrier layer; connecting the perforated trim cover layer to a tie-down membrane with the spacer layer positioned between the trim cover layer and at least a portion of the tie-down membrane; and connecting the perforated trim cover layer to the barrier layer to assemble a trim assembly.

193. The method according to claim 192, further comprising disposing one or more spacer layers between the perforated trim cover layer and the barrier layer, including disposing a first spacer material layer and a second spacer material layer between the perforated trim cover layer and the barrier layer.

194. The method according to claim 192 or 193, further comprising forming trenches in the spacer material layer and positioning the splice between two panels of the trim cover segment in the trenches.

195. laminating the spacer material layer between the tie-down film and the trim cover layer; sewing a gusset to the tie-down film so as to pass through the spacer material layer along the trench; The method of claim 194, further comprising. **Claim 196** further disposing one or more porous spacer material layers between the perforated trim cover layer and the barrier layer, including disposing a first portion and a second portion of the spacer material layer; The method of claim 192, further comprising disposing the tie-down film so as to extend laterally with respect to the trim cover layer and extend between the first portion and the second portion of the spacer material layer to a distal end. **Claim 197** The method of claim 196, further comprising connecting the distal end to the barrier layer. **Claim 198** The method according to any one of claims 192 to 193, further comprising connecting the trim assembly to a frame of the seat assembly. **Claim 199** The method according to any one of claims 192 to 194, further comprising disposing an inlet port in the barrier layer. **Claim 200** The method of claim 199, further comprising connecting a fan and / or a pump to the inlet port. **Claim 201** The method of claim 200, further comprising flowing air through the inlet port, through the spacer material layer, and through the perforated trim cover layer to ventilate the trim assembly. **Claim 202** The method of claim 201, further comprising flowing air across the tie-down film. **Claim 203** An assembly comprising: a first fluid-impermeable layer sized to be disposed on a seat cushion; a plurality of adjacent trim cover segments stitched to the first fluid-impermeable layer; a seam extending through the plurality of adjacent trim cover segments and the first fluid-impermeable layer; An assembly comprising. **Claim 204** The assembly of claim 203, wherein the first fluid-impermeable layer further comprises a plurality of ventilation openings formed therethrough. **Claim 205** The assembly of claim 203 or 204, wherein the seam extends through the first impermeable layer to define a first zone and a second zone of one of the trim cover segments. **Claim 206** The assembly of claim 205, further comprising a second fluid-impermeable layer that cooperates with the first fluid-impermeable layer to provide a fluid chamber therebetween.

207. The assembly of claim 206, wherein the second fluid-impermeable layer further includes a first portion that extends through the first zone and the second zone.

208. The assembly of claim 207, wherein the second fluid-impermeable layer further includes a second portion that extends in a direction opposite to the first portion for connection to the sheet cushion.

209. The assembly of claim 207 or 208, wherein the second fluid-impermeable layer is perforated to allow air to pass through the first zone and the second zone.

210. The assembly of any one of claims 206 to 209, further comprising a fluid actuator attached to the second fluid-impermeable layer to convey fluid from the first fluid-impermeable layer through the fluid chamber.

211. The assembly of claim 210, wherein the fluid actuator further includes a fan attached to one of the first zone or the second zone to provide fluid communication through the first zone and the second zone.

212. The assembly of claim 210 or 211, wherein the fan conveys air through the first portion of the second fluid-impermeable layer, the fluid chamber, and the first fluid-impermeable layer, and the air passes from the first zone through the second fluid-impermeable layer to the second zone.

213. The assembly of any one of claims 206 to 212, further comprising a first fluid-permeable layer displaced along the first fluid-impermeable layer.

214. The assembly of any one of claims 206 to 213, wherein the first fluid-permeable layer extends through the first zone and the second zone, and the first fluid-permeable layer is stitched to a seam.

215. The assembly of claim 213, further comprising a second fluid-permeable layer sized to be received within the fluid chamber and spaced apart from the first fluid-permeable layer.

216. The assembly of any one of claims 1 to 215, wherein the fluid-impermeable layer is insulating.

217. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 216, wherein the plurality of adjacent trim cover segments are perforated to allow the fluid to pass through the trim cover segments.

218. The assembly according to any one of claims 206 to 215, wherein the second fluid-impermeable layer extends through the first zone and the second zone, and the second fluid-impermeable layer further includes a first perforated portion extending to a seam of the trim cover segment and a second portion connected to the seat cushion.

219. A seat assembly comprising: A seat bottom; A seat back extending in an upright position from the seat bottom; A seat cushion attached to the seat bottom or the seat back; The trim cover assembly of claim 137 disposed on the seat cushion. A seat assembly.

220. The seat assembly of claim 219, wherein the seat cushion is fluid-permeable.

221. A method comprising: Attaching a plurality of adjacent trim cover segments to a first fluid-impermeable layer; Sewing a seam through the plurality of adjacent trim cover segments and the first fluid-impermeable layer to form a first zone and a second zone. A method.

222. The method of claim 221, further comprising attaching a second fluid-impermeable layer that cooperates with the first fluid-impermeable layer, wherein the perforated first portion extends through the first zone and the second zone.

223. The method of claim 222, further comprising attaching a fluid actuator to the second fluid-impermeable layer.

224. The method of claim 222 or 223, further comprising installing the first fluid-impermeable layer, the second fluid-impermeable layer, and the trim cover segment on a pre-assembled seat assembly having a cushion and a frame.

225. An assembly comprising: A first fluid-impermeable layer sized to be received by a seat cushion, the first fluid-impermeable layer having at least one vent formed therethrough. A plurality of adjacent trim cover segments stitched to the first fluid-impermeable layer by seams, the seams extending through the trim cover segments and the first fluid-impermeable layer to form a first zone and a second zone, a plurality of adjacent trim cover segments; A perforated second fluid-impermeable layer that cooperates with the first fluid-impermeable layer to provide a fluid chamber therebetween, the second fluid-impermeable layer having a first portion extending vertically through the first zone and the second zone, and a second portion connected to the seat cushion; A first fluid-permeable layer sized to be received by the first fluid-impermeable layer; A fluid actuator directly attached to the first portion of the second fluid-impermeable layer; A second fluid-permeable layer disposed along the first fluid-impermeable layer and spaced from the first fluid-permeable layer; A heat transfer layer along the second fluid-permeable layer, the heat transfer layer provided with an electrically conductive heater mat An assembly comprising.

226. An assembly, A first fluid-impermeable layer sized to be disposed on a seat cushion in which at least one vent is formed; A fluid actuator attached to the first fluid-impermeable layer to convey fluid through the vent of the first fluid-impermeable layer An assembly comprising.

227. The assembly of claim 226, further comprising a second fluid-impermeable layer that cooperates with the first fluid-impermeable layer to provide a fluid chamber therebetween.

228. The assembly of claim 227, wherein the fluid actuator is directly attached to the second fluid-impermeable layer, the fluid passes through the fluid chamber, and then exits through the vent of the first fluid-impermeable layer.

229. The assembly of claim 227 or 228, further comprising a first fluid-permeable layer sized to be received within the fluid chamber.

230. The assembly of claim 229, further comprising a second fluid-permeable layer disposed along the first fluid-impermeable layer spaced from the first fluid-permeable layer.

231. The assembly of any one of claims 227 to 230, wherein the fluid actuator is directly attached to the second fluid-impermeable layer.

232. The assembly of claim 231, wherein the fluid actuator is welded to the second fluid-impermeable layer.

233. An assembly according to any one of claims 227 to 232, further comprising a heat transfer layer disposed along the first fluid-impermeable layer spaced apart from the second fluid-impermeable layer.

234. The assembly of claim 233, wherein the heat transfer layer further comprises an electrically conductive heater mat.

235. An assembly according to any one of claims 227 to 234, further comprising an outer trim layer disposed on the first fluid-impermeable layer and the second fluid-impermeable layer.

236. The assembly of claim 235, wherein the outer trim layer is perforated to allow the fluid to pass through the outer trim layer.

237. The assembly according to any one of claims 235 or 236, wherein the outer trim layer is sewn to the first fluid-impermeable layer without an adhesive.

238. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 237, wherein the fluid actuator further comprises a fan.

239. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 238, wherein the first fluid-impermeable layer is insulating.

240. The assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 239, wherein a plurality of vents are formed through the first fluid-impermeable layer.

241. A seat assembly comprising: a seat bottom; a seat back extending in an upright position from the seat bottom; a seat cushion attached to the seat bottom or the seat back; and the trim cover assembly of claim 137 disposed on the seat cushion. A seat assembly.

242. The seat assembly of claim 241, wherein the seat cushion is fluid-permeable.

243. A method comprising: attaching a fluid actuator to a first fluid-impermeable layer; attaching an outer trim layer on the first fluid-impermeable layer; and installing the first fluid-impermeable layer and the outer trim layer on a pre-assembled seat assembly having a cushion and a frame. A method.

244. The method of claim 243, further comprising attaching a second fluid-impermeable layer that cooperates with the first fluid-impermeable layer to provide a fluid chamber therebetween.

245. An assembly comprising: a first fluid-impermeable layer sized to be received by a seat cushion, the first fluid-impermeable layer being provided with at least one vent formed therethrough; A second fluid-impermeable layer that cooperates with the first fluid-impermeable layer to provide a fluid chamber therebetween, A first fluid-permeable layer sized to be received by the first fluid-impermeable layer, A fluid actuator directly attached to the second fluid-impermeable layer, A second fluid-permeable layer disposed along the first fluid-impermeable layer, the second fluid-permeable layer being spaced apart from the first fluid-permeable layer, A heat transfer layer along the second fluid-permeable layer, the heat transfer layer provided with an electrically conductive heater mat, A perforated outer trim layer disposed on the first fluid-impermeable layer and the second impermeable layer comprising, An assembly that permits fluid to pass through the outer trim layer.

246. An assembly, A first trim cover layer sized to be disposed on a seat cushion, At least one inflatable bladder assembly supported on the first trim cover layer to apply pressure to an occupant comprising.

247. The assembly of claim 246, wherein the first trim cover layer is fluid impermeable.

248. The assembly of claim 247, wherein the first fluid-impermeable layer further includes at least one vent formed therethrough.

249. The assembly of claim 247 or 248, further comprising a second fluid-impermeable layer that cooperates with the first fluid-impermeable layer to provide a fluid chamber therebetween.

250. The assembly of claim 249, further comprising a second fluid actuator directly attached to the second fluid-impermeable layer.

251. The assembly of any one of claims 247 to 250, wherein the second fluid actuator is welded to the second fluid-impermeable layer.

252. The assembly of any one of claims 247 to 251, wherein the second fluid actuator further includes a fan.

253. The assembly of any one of claims 249 to 252, wherein the at least one inflatable bladder assembly is oriented within the fluid chamber.

254. The assembly of any one of claims 249 to 253, further comprising a first fluid-permeable layer sized to be received within the fluid chamber, the first fluid-permeable layer being displaced in the inflatable bladder assembly.

255. The assembly of claim 254, further comprising a second fluid permeable layer disposed along the first fluid impermeable layer spaced apart from the first fluid permeable layer. **Claim 256** The assembly of any one of claims 249 to 255, further comprising a heat transfer layer disposed along the first fluid impermeable layer spaced apart from the second fluid impermeable layer. **Claim 257** The assembly of claim 256, wherein the heat transfer layer further comprises an electrically conductive heater mat. **Claim 258** The assembly of any one of claims 297 to 257, further comprising an external trim layer disposed on the first fluid impermeable layer and the second fluid impermeable layer, the external trim layer being perforated to allow the fluid to pass through the external trim layer. **Claim 259** The assembly of claim 258, wherein the external trim layer is sewn to the first fluid impermeable layer without an adhesive. **Claim 260** The assembly further comprises a controller in electrical communication with the at least one inflatable bladder assembly, the controller being configured to receive an input indicating manual adjustment, adjust the at least one inflatable bladder assembly to apply pressure to an occupant, and perform. **Claim 261** The assembly of any one of claims 247 to 260, wherein the first fluid impermeable layer is insulating. **Claim 262** The assembly of any one of claims 247 to 261, wherein a plurality of vents are formed through the first fluid impermeable layer. **Claim 263** The assembly of any one of claims 247 to 262, wherein the at least one inflatable air bladder assembly further comprises a plurality of inflatable air bladder assemblies housed within the fluid chamber. **Claim 264** A seat assembly comprising: a seat bottom; a seat back extending from the seat bottom in an upright position; a seat cushion attached to the seat bottom or the seat back; and the assembly of claim 1 disposed on the seat cushion. The seat assembly. **Claim 265** The seat assembly of claim 264, wherein the seat cushion is fluid permeable. **Claim 266** A method comprising: installing a first trim cover layer sized to be disposed on a seat cushion; Installing at least one inflatable bladder assembly supported on the first trim cover layer to apply pressure to the occupant A method, comprising.

267. An assembly comprising A first fluid-impermeable layer of insulating material sized to be received in a seat cushion, the first fluid-impermeable layer having at least one vent formed therethrough A second fluid-impermeable layer cooperating with the first fluid-impermeable layer to provide a fluid chamber therebetween A fluid actuator directly attached to the second impermeable layer At least one inflatable bladder assembly oriented within the fluid chamber and supported on the first fluid-impermeable layer to apply pressure to the occupant A first fluid-permeable layer disposed on the inflatable bladder assembly A second fluid-permeable layer disposed along the first fluid-impermeable layer and spaced from the first fluid-permeable layer A heat transfer layer along the second fluid-permeable layer, the heat transfer layer having an electrically conductive heater mat A perforated outer trim layer disposed over the first fluid-impermeable layer and the second impermeable layer Including An assembly that permits fluid to pass through the outer trim layer

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