Method for transmitting a channel quality indicator in a wireless communication system and apparatus therefor

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for a UE (User Equipment) to transmit predicted CSI (Channel Status Information) to a BS (Base Station) in a wireless communication system. Specifically, the method includes receiving at least one CMR (Channel Measurement Resource) from the BS, calculating a PMI (Precoding Matrix Index) for two or more time instances based on the at least one CMR, calculating a first CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) for a first time instance based on the PMI for the first time instance among the two or more time instances, calculating a second CQI for a second time instance based on the PMI for the second time instance among the two or more time instances, and transmitting the predicted CSI including the first CQI and the second CQI to the BS, wherein the second time instance is determined based on the number of the time instances.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a wireless communication system. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for transmitting a channel quality indicator in a wireless communication system and an apparatus therefor.

Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various communication services such as voice and data. Generally, a wireless communication system is a multiple access system that can share available system resources (such as bandwidth and transmission power) to support communication with multiple users. Examples of multiple access systems include CDMA (code division multiple access) systems, FDMA (frequency division multiple access) systems, TDMA (time division multiple access) systems, OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access) systems, SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access) systems, and the like.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0003] Based on the above discussions, a method for transmitting a channel quality indicator in a wireless communication system and an apparatus therefor will be proposed hereinafter.

[0004] The technical problems to be achieved by the present invention are not limited to the above technical problems, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention pertains from the following description.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0005] In an aspect of the present invention, a method for a UE (User Equipment) to transmit predicted CSI (Channel Status Information) to a BS (Base Station) in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes receiving at least one CMR (Channel Measurement Resource) from the BS, calculating a PMI (Precoding Matrix Index) for two or more time instances based on the at least one CMR, calculating a first CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) for a first time instance based on the PMI for the first time instance among the two or more time instances, calculating a second CQI for a second time instance based on the PMI for the second time instance among the two or more time instances, and transmitting the predicted CSI including the first CQI and the second CQI to the BS, wherein the second time instance is determined based on the number of the time instances.

[0006] As another aspect of the present invention, a UE (User Equipment) is provided in a wireless communication system. The user equipment includes at least one transceiver, at least one processor, and at least one computer memory that is operably connectable to the at least one processor and stores instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations. The operations include receiving at least one CMR (Channel Measurement Resource) from a BS (Base Station), calculating a PMI (Precoding Matrix Index) for two or more time instances based on the at least one CMR, calculating a first CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) for a first time instance based on the PMI for the first time instance among the two or more time instances, calculating a second CQI for a second time instance based on the PMI for the second time instance among the two or more time instances, and transmitting predicted CSI (Channel Status Information) including the first CQI and the second CQI to the BS, wherein the second time instance is determined based on the number of the time instances.

[0007] As another aspect of the present invention, in a wireless communication system, a processing device is provided. The processing device includes at least one processor and at least one computer memory that is operably connectable to the at least one processor and stores instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations for a UE (User Equipment). The operations include receiving at least one CMR (Channel Measurement Resource) from a BS (Base Station), calculating a PMI (Precoding Matrix Index) for two or more time instances based on the at least one CMR, calculating a first CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) for a first time instance based on the PMI for the first time instance among the two or more time instances, calculating a second CQI for a second time instance based on the PMI for the second time instance among the two or more time instances, and transmitting predicted CSI (Channel Status Information) including the first CQI and the second CQI to the BS, wherein the second time instance is determined based on the number of the time instances.

[0008] As another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The computer-readable storage medium stores at least one computer program that, when executed by at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to perform operations for a UE (User Equipment). The operations include receiving at least one CMR (Channel Measurement Resource) from a BS (Base Station), calculating a PMI (Precoding Matrix Index) for two or more time instances based on the at least one CMR, calculating a first CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) for a first time instance among the two or more time instances based on the PMI for the first time instance, calculating a second CQI for a second time instance among the two or more time instances based on the PMI for the second time instance, and transmitting predicted CSI (Channel Status Information) including the first CQI and the second CQI to the BS, wherein the second time instance is determined based on the number of the time instances.

[0009] In each aspect of the present invention, the second CQI is calculated as a difference equivalent value from the first CQI.

[0010] In each aspect of the present invention, when there are a plurality of the CMRs, it is assumed that the ratios of the received powers of the PDSCH ratios for the plurality of CMRs are the same.

[0011] In each aspect of the present invention, the PMI for the two or more time instances is compressed based on a TD (Time Domain) compressed codebook, and the predicted CSI includes the compressed PMI.

[0012] In various aspects of the present invention, among the two or more time instances, at least one time instance is a time instance after the reporting time of the CSI.

[0013] In various aspects of the present invention, the first CQI and the second CQI are separately encoded and transmitted by the BS at different reporting instances.

[0014] In various aspects of the present invention, the UE receives information regarding the number of CQIs to be reported from the BS, that is, whether to report only the first CQI or both the first CQI and the second CQI.

[0015] The above-described problem-solving method is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and various embodiments reflecting the technical features of the present invention can be derived and understood by those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field based on the detailed description of the present invention described below.

Advantages of the Invention

[0016] According to the present invention, wireless signal transmission and reception can be efficiently performed in a wireless communication system.

[0017] The effects obtained by the present invention are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be clearly understandable to those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention belongs from the following description.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0018] The accompanying drawings, included as a part of the detailed description to assist in understanding the present invention, provide embodiments of the present invention and explain the technical concept of the present invention together with the detailed description.

[0019]

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Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0020] The following technologies can be used in various wireless connection systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented by radio technologies such as UTRA (Universal Terrestrial Radio Access) and CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented by radio technologies such as GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) / GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) / EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution). OFDMA can be implemented by radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (Evolved UTRA). UTRA is part of UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System). 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) LTE (long term evolution) is part of E-UMTS (Evolved UMTS) using E-UTRA, and LTE-A is an evolved version of 3GPP LTE. 3GPP NR (New Radio Access Technology) is an evolved version of 3GPP LTE / LTE-A.

[0021] As more communication devices demand larger communication capacities, the need for mobile broadband communication that is improved compared to existing radio access technologies (RATs) is on the rise. In addition, massive machine type communications (MTC), which connects multiple devices and things to provide various services anytime and anywhere, is one of the important issues to be considered in next-generation communications. Also, the design of communication systems considering services / terminals sensitive to reliability and latency is being discussed. Thus, the introduction of next-generation RATs considering enhanced mobile broadband communication (eMBB), massive MTC, ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC), etc. is being discussed, and in the present invention, for convenience, the corresponding technology is referred to as NR (New radio or New RAT).

[0022] For clarity of explanation, 3GPP NR will be mainly described, but the technical idea of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0023] In this specification, the expression "setting" may be replaced with the expression "configuration", and the two may be used interchangeably. Also, conditional expressions (e.g., "if ~~", "in a case ~~", or "when ~~") may be replaced with expressions such as "based on that ~~" or "in a state / status". Also, the operation of the terminal / base station or the SW / HW configuration due to the satisfaction of the corresponding conditions can be inferred / understood. Also, in the signal transmission and reception between wireless communication devices (e.g., base stations, terminals), if the process on the receiving (or transmitting) side can be inferred / understood from the process on the transmitting (or receiving) side, the description thereof may be omitted. For example, signal determination / generation / encoding / transmission on the transmitting side can be understood as signal monitoring reception / decoding / determination on the receiving side. Also, the expression that the terminal performs (or does not perform) a specific operation can also be interpreted as the base station operating expecting / assuming (or not expecting / assuming) the execution of the specific operation of the terminal. The expression that the base station performs (or does not perform) a specific operation can also be interpreted as the terminal operating expecting / assuming (or not expecting / assuming) the execution of the specific operation of the base station. Also, in the following description, the sections, examples, illustrations, options, methods, plans, etc. and the indexes are for convenience of explanation, and it should not be interpreted that each of them necessarily constitutes an independent invention or that each of them must be implemented individually. Also, in explaining each section, example, illustration, option, method, plan, etc., if there is no explicitly conflicting / opposing description, it can be inferred / interpreted that at least a part of them can be combined and implemented together, or at least a part of them can be omitted and implemented.

[0024] In a wireless communication system, a terminal receives information from a base station via a downlink (DL), and the terminal transmits information to the base station via an uplink (UL). The information transmitted and received by the base station and the terminal includes data and various control information, and there are various physical channels depending on the type / use of the information they transmit and receive.

[0025] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining physical channels used in a 3GPP system and a general signal transmission method using them.

[0026] A terminal that has powered on in the power-off state or newly entered a cell performs an initial cell search operation such as establishing synchronization with a base station (S101). For this purpose, the terminal receives an SSB (Synchronization Signal Block) from the base station. The SSB includes a PSS (Primary Synchronization Signal), an SSS (Secondary Synchronization Signal), and a PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel). The terminal establishes synchronization with the base station based on the PSS / SSS and obtains information such as a cell identity. Also, the terminal obtains broadcast information within the cell based on the PBCH. Note that the terminal can receive a downlink reference signal (Downlink Reference Signal, DL RS) at the initial cell search stage to check the state of the downlink channel.

[0027] The terminal that has completed the initial cell search receives a physical downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel, PDCCH) and a physical downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel, PDSCH) corresponding to the physical downlink control channel to obtain more specific system information (S102).

[0028] Thereafter, in order for the terminal to complete the connection to the base station, it performs a random access procedure (S103 - S106). More specifically, the terminal transmits a preamble via a physical random access channel (PRACH) (S103), and receives a response message for the preamble via a physical downlink control channel and the corresponding physical downlink shared channel (S104). In the case of contention based random access, a contention resolution procedure such as further transmission on the physical random access channel (S105) and reception on the physical downlink control channel and the corresponding physical downlink shared channel (S106) is performed.

[0029] After performing such a procedure, the terminal then receives the physical downlink control channel / physical downlink shared channel (S107) and transmits the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) / physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) (S108) as general uplink / downlink signal transmission procedures. The control information transmitted by the terminal to the base station is referred to as uplink control information (UCI). UCI includes HARQ ACK / NACK (Hybrid Automatic Repeat and reQuest Acknowledgement / Negative-ACK), SR (Scheduling Request), CSI (Channel State Information), etc. CSI includes CQI (Channel Quality Indicator), PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator), RI (Rank Indication), etc. UCI is generally transmitted via the PUCCH, but may also be transmitted via the PUSCH when it is necessary to transmit control information and traffic data simultaneously. Also, according to the request / indication of the network, the terminal can transmit UCI non-periodically via the PUSCH.

[0030] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the structure of a radio frame. In NR, uplink and downlink transmissions are composed of frames. One radio frame has a length of 10 ms and is divided into two 5 - ms half - frames (HF). One half - frame is divided into five 1 - ms sub - frames (SF). One sub - frame is divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots in a sub - frame depends on the sub - carrier spacing (SCS). Each slot contains 12 or 14 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols by means of a cyclic prefix (CP). When normal CP is used, each slot contains 14 OFDM symbols. When extended CP is used, each slot contains 12 OFDM symbols.

[0031] Table 1 shows the number of OFDM symbols per slot (N slot symb ), the number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ), and the number of slots per sub - frame (N subframe,u slot ) when normal CP is used, depending on the SCS.

[0032]

Table 1

[0033] Table 2 shows the number of OFDM symbols per slot (N slot symb ), the number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ), and the number of slots per sub - frame (N subframe,u slot ) when extended CP is used, depending on the SCS.

[0034]

Table 2

[0035] The frame structure is merely illustrative, and the number of sub - frames, slots, and symbols in the frame can be changed variously.

[0036] In the NR system, the OFDM numerology (e.g., SCS) can be set differently between a plurality of cells merged into one terminal. Thereby, the (absolute time) intervals of time resources (e.g., SF, slot, or TTI) (collectively referred to as TU (Time Unit) for convenience) composed of the same number of symbols can be set differently between the merged cells. Here, the symbol includes an OFDM symbol (or, CP - OFDM symbol), an SC - FDMA symbol (or, Discrete Fourier Transform - spread - OFDM, DFT - s - OFDM symbol).

[0037] Figure 3 illustrates the resource grid of a slot. One slot includes a plurality of symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of normal CP, one slot includes 14 symbols, while in the case of extended CP, one slot includes 12 symbols. A carrier includes a plurality of sub - carriers in the frequency domain. An RB (Resource Block) is defined by a plurality (e.g., 12) of consecutive sub - carriers in the frequency domain. A BWP (Bandwidth Part) is defined by a plurality of consecutive PRBs (Physical RB) in the frequency domain and can correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier includes a maximum of N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication is performed on the activated BWP, and only one BWP is activated for one terminal. Each element in the resource grid is referred to as a resource element (RE), and one modulation symbol can be mapped.

[0038] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example in which physical channels are mapped in a slot. In the DL control region, PDCCH is transmitted, and in the DL data region, PDSCH is transmitted. In the UL control region, PUCCH is transmitted, and in the UL data region, PUSCH is transmitted. GP provides a time gap in the process of the base station and the terminal switching from the transmission mode to the reception mode or from the reception mode to the transmission mode. Some symbols at the time of switching from DL to UL within a subframe can be set as GP.

[0039] Hereinafter, each physical channel will be described more specifically.

[0040] The PDCCH carries DCI (Downlink Control Information). For example, the PCCCH (i.e., DCI) carries the transmission format and resource allocation of the DL-SCH (downlink shared channel), the resource allocation information for the UL-SCH (uplink shared channel), the paging information regarding the PCH (Paging Channel), the system information on the DL-SCH, the resource allocation information regarding higher layer control messages such as any connection response transmitted on the PDSCH, the transmission power control command, the activation / deactivation of CS (Configured scheduling), etc. The DCI includes a CRC (cyclic redundancy check), and the CRC is masked / scrambled with various identifiers (e.g., Radio Network Temporary Identifier, RNTI) according to the owner or usage purpose of the PDCCH. For example, if the PDCCH is for a specific terminal, the CRC is masked with the terminal identifier (e.g., Cell-RNTI, C-RNTI). If the PDCCH is related to paging, the CRC is masked with the P-RNTI (Paging-RNTI). If the PDCCH is related to system information (e.g., System Information Block, SIB), the CRC is masked with the SI-RNTI (System Information RNTI). If the PDCCH is related to any connection response, the CRC is masked with the RA-RNTI (Random Access-RNTI).

[0041] The PDCCH is composed of 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs (Control Channel Elements) according to the AL (Aggregation Level). A CCE is a logical allocation unit used to provide a PDCCH with a predetermined code rate according to the radio channel state. A CCE is composed of 6 REGs (Resource Element Groups). A REG is defined by one OFDM symbol and one (P)RB. The PDCCH is transmitted by a CORESET (Control Resource Set). A CORESET is defined by a set of REGs having a given numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). Multiple CORESETs for one terminal can overlap in the time / frequency domain. A CORESET is set by system information (e.g., Master Information Block, MIB) or UE-specific upper layer (e.g., Radio Resource Control, RRC, layer) signaling. Specifically, the number of RBs and the number of OFDM symbols (up to 3) constituting the CORESET are set by upper layer signaling.

[0042] For PDCCH reception / detection, a terminal monitors PDCCH candidates. A PDCCH candidate indicates the CCEs that the terminal should monitor for PDCCH detection. Each PDCCH candidate is defined by 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs according to the AL. Monitoring includes (blind) decoding of the PDCCH candidates. The set of PDCCH candidates that the terminal monitors is defined as the PDCCH search space (SS). The search space includes a common search space (CSS) or a UE-specific search space (USS). The terminal can obtain DCI by monitoring PDCCH candidates in one or more search spaces set by the MIB or upper layer signaling. Each CORESET is associated with one or more search spaces, and each search space is associated with one CORESET. The search space is defined based on the following parameters.

[0043] - controlResourceSetId: Indicates the CORESET related to the search space.

[0044] - monitoringSlotPeriodicityAndOffset: Indicates the PDCCH monitoring period (in slot units) and the PDCCH monitoring interval offset (in slot units).

[0045] - monitoringSymbolsWithinSlot: Indicates the PDCCH monitoring symbols within a slot (e.g., indicates the first symbol of the CORESET).

[0046] - nrofCandidates: Indicates the number of PDCCH candidates (one of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8) for each AL = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16}.

[0047] * Define the opportunity (e.g., time / frequency resource) to monitor PDCCH candidates as a PDCCH (monitoring) opportunity. One or more PDCCH (monitoring) opportunities are configured within a slot.

[0048] Table 3 exemplifies the characteristics for each search space type.

[0049]

Table 3

[0050] Table 4 exemplifies the DCI formats transmitted via PDCCH.

[0051]

Table 4

[0052] DCI format 0_0 is used to schedule TB-based (or TB-level) PUSCH, and DCI format 0_1 is used to schedule TB-based (or TB-level) PUSCH or CBG (Code Block Group)-based (or CBG-level) PUSCH. DCI format 1_0 is used to schedule TB-based (or TB-level) PDSCH, and DCI format 1_1 is used to schedule TB-based (or TB-level) PDSCH or CBG-based (or CBG-level) PDSCH (DL grant DCI). DCI formats 0_0 / 0_1 are called UL grant DCI or UL scheduling information, and DCI formats 1_0 / 1_1 are called DL grant DCI or DL scheduling information. DCI format 2_0 is used to transmit dynamic slot format information (e.g., dynamic SFI) to the terminal, and DCI format 2_1 is used to transmit downlink pre-emption information to the terminal. DCI format 2_0 and / or DCI format 2_1 are transmitted to the terminals within the corresponding group via the Group Common PDCCH, which is the PDCCH transmitted to the terminals defined in one group.

[0053] DCI formats 0_0 and 1_0 are called fallback DCI formats, and DCI formats 0_1 and 1_1 are called non-fallback DCI formats. For the fallback DCI formats, the DCI size / field configuration is maintained similarly regardless of the terminal settings. In contrast, for the non-fallback DCI formats, the DCI size / field configuration varies according to the terminal settings.

[0054] The PDSCH carries downlink data (e.g., DL-SCH transport block, DL-SCH TB), and modulation methods such as QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying), 16QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), 64QAM, 256QAM are applied. The TB is encoded to generate codewords. The PDSCH carries up to two codewords. Scrambling and modulation mapping are performed for each codeword, and the modulation symbols generated from each codeword are mapped to one or more layers. Each layer is mapped to a resource together with the DMRS (Demodulation Reference Signal) to generate an OFDM symbol signal, which is transmitted by the corresponding antenna port.

[0055] The PUCCH carries UCI (Uplink Control Information). The UCI includes the following.

[0056] - SR (Scheduling Request): Information used to request UL-SCH resources.

[0057] - HARQ-ACK: A response to a downlink data packet (e.g., a codeword) on the PDSCH. It indicates whether the downlink data packet has been successfully received. One bit of HARQ-ACK is transmitted as a response to a single codeword, and two bits of HARQ-ACK are transmitted as a response to two codewords. The HARQ-ACK response includes positive ACK (simply, ACK), negative ACK (hereinafter, NACK), DTX (Discontinuous Transmission), or NACK / DTX. Here, the term HARQ-ACK is used in the same sense as HARQ ACK / NACK, ACK / NACK.

[0058] - CSI (Channel State Information): Feedback information for the downlink channel. MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output)-related feedback information includes RI (Rank Indicator) and PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator).

[0059] Table 5 illustrates PUCCH formats. Depending on the PUCCH transmission length, it can be classified into Short PUCCH (formats 0, 2) and Long PUCCH (formats 1, 3, 4).

[0060]

Table 5

[0061] PUCCH format 0 carries UCI with a maximum size of 2 bits and is mapped and transmitted based on a sequence. Specifically, the terminal transmits a specific UCI to the base station by transmitting one of a plurality of sequences via a PUCCH that is PUCCH format 0. The terminal transmits a PUCCH that is PUCCH format 0 within the PUCCH resource for the SR setting corresponding only when transmitting a positive SR.

[0062] PUCCH format 1 carries UCI with a maximum size of 2 bits, and the modulation symbols are spread by an orthogonal cover code (OCC) in the time domain (set differently depending on the presence or absence of frequency hopping). The DMRS is transmitted in the symbol where the modulation symbol is not transmitted (i.e., transmitted by time division multiplexing (TDM)).

[0063] PUCCH format 2 carries UCI with a bit size larger than 2 bits, and the modulation symbols are transmitted by being DMRS and FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing). DM-RS is located at symbol indexes #1, #4, #7, and #10 in a resource block with a density of 1 / 3. A PN (Pseudo Noise) sequence is used for the DM_RS sequence. Frequency hopping can be activated for the 2-symbol PUCCH format 2.

[0064] PUCCH format 3 does not perform terminal multiplexing within the same physical resource block and carries UCI with a bit size larger than 2 bits. That is, the PUCCH resources of PUCCH format 3 do not include an orthogonal cover code. The modulation symbols are transmitted by being DMRS and TDM (Time Division Multiplexing).

[0065] PUCCH format 4 supports multiplexing up to 4 terminals within the same physical resource block and carries UCI with a bit size larger than 2 bits. That is, the PUCCH resources of PUCCH format 3 include an orthogonal cover code. The modulation symbols are transmitted by being DMRS and TDM (Time Division Multiplexing).

[0066] For a terminal, at least one of the one or more configured cells can be configured for PUCCH transmission. At least the Primary Cell can be configured as a cell for PUCCH transmission. Based on at least one cell for which PUCCH transmission is configured, at least one PUCCH cell group is configured for the terminal, and each PUCCH cell group includes one or more cells. The PUCCH cell group is also simply called the PUCCH group. PUCCH transmission is configured not only for the Primary Cell but also for the SCell. The Primary Cell belongs to the primary PUCCH group, and the PUCCH-SCell for which PUCCH transmission is configured belongs to the secondary PUCCH group. For the cells belonging to the primary PUCCH group, the PUCCH on the Primary Cell is used, and for the cells belonging to the secondary PUCCH group, the PUCCH on the PUCCH-SCell is used.

[0067] The PUSCH carries uplink data (e.g., UL-SCH transport block, UL-SCH TB) and / or uplink control information (UCI), and is transmitted based on the CP-OFDM (Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) waveform or the DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) waveform. When the PUSCH is transmitted based on the DFT-s-OFDM waveform, the terminal applies transform precoding to transmit the PUSCH. As an example, when transform precoding is not possible (e.g., transform precoding is disabled), the terminal transmits the PUSCH based on the CP-OFDM waveform, and when transform precoding is possible (e.g., transform precoding is enabled), the terminal transmits the PUSCH based on the CP-OFDM waveform or the DFT-s-OFDM waveform. PUSCH transmission is dynamically scheduled by the UL grant in the DCI, or is semi-statically scheduled (configured grant) based on higher layer (e.g., RRC) signaling (and / or Layer 1 (L1) signaling (e.g., PDCCH)). PUSCH transmission is performed on a codebook basis or a non-codebook basis.

[0068] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating the ACK / NACK transmission process. Referring to Figure 5, the terminal can detect the PDCCH in slot #n. Here, the PDCCH contains downlink scheduling information (e.g., DCI format 1_0, 1_1), and the PDCCH indicates the DL assignment-to-PDSCH offset (K0) and the PDSCH-HARQ-ACK reporting offset (K1). For example, DCI format 1_0, 1_1 contains the following information.

[0069] - Frequency domain resource assignment: Indicates the set of RBs allocated to the PDSCH.

[0070] - Time domain resource assignment: Indicates K0 (e.g., slot offset), the start position of the PDSCH within slot #n + K0 (e.g., OFDM symbol index), and the length of the PDSCH (e.g., number of OFDM symbols).

[0071] - PDSCH-to-HARQ_feedback timing indicator: Indicates K1.

[0072] - HARQ process number (4 bits): Indicates the HARQ process ID (Identity) for the data (e.g., PDSCH, TB).

[0073] - PUCCH resource indicator (PRI): Indicates the PUCCH resource used for UCI transmission from among a plurality of PUCCH resources within the PUCCH resource set.

[0074] After that, the terminal receives the PDSCH from slot #(n + K0) according to the scheduling information of slot #n, and after the reception of the PDSCH ends at slot #n1 (where n + K0 ≤ n1), transmits the UCI via the PUCCH at slot #(n1 + K1). Here, the UCI includes the HARQ-ACK response for the PDSCH. In FIG. 5, for convenience, it is assumed that the SCS for the PDSCH and the SCS for the PUCCH are the same and slot #n1 = slot #n + K0, but the present invention is not limited thereto. When the SCSs are different from each other, K1 is indicated / interpreted based on the SCS of the PUCCH.

[0075] When the PDSCH is configured to transmit at most one TB, the HARQ-ACK response is configured with 1 bit. When the PDSCH is configured to transmit at most two TBs, the HARQ-ACK response is configured with 2 bits if spatial bundling is not configured, and 1 bit if spatial bundling is configured. When the transmission time of HARQ-ACK for multiple PDSCHs is specified as slot #(n + K1), the UCI transmitted in slot #(n + K1) includes the HARQ-ACK responses for multiple PDSCHs.

[0076] Whether the terminal should perform spatial bundling for HARQ-ACK responses can be configured (e.g., RRC / higher layer signaling) for each cell group. As an example, spatial bundling is configured individually for each of the HARQ-ACK responses transmitted via PUCCH and / or the HARQ-ACK responses transmitted via PUSCH.

[0077] Spatial bundling is supported when the maximum number of TBs (or codewords) that can be received at once (or scheduled by 1 DCI) in the serving cell is 2 (or more) (e.g., when the higher layer parameter maxNrofCodeWordsScheduledByDCI corresponds to 2-TB). On the other hand, for 2-TB transmission, more than 4 layers are used, and for 1-TB transmission, a maximum of 4 layers are used. As a result, when spatial bundling is configured for the cell group, spatial bundling is performed for the serving cells in the cell group where more than 4 layers can be scheduled. On the serving cell, a terminal attempting to transmit a HARQ-ACK response by spatial bundling can generate the HARQ-ACK response by performing a bit-wise logical AND operation on the A / N bits for multiple TBs.

[0078] For example, when it is assumed that the terminal receives DCI scheduling 2-TB and receives 2-TB via PDSCH based on the DCI, a terminal performing spatial bundling can generate a single A / N bit by logically ANDing the first A / N bit for the first TB and the second A / N bit for the second TB. As a result, when both the first TB and the second TB are ACK, the terminal reports the ACK bit value to the base station, and when any one of the TBs is NACK, the terminal reports the NACK bit value to the base station.

[0079] For example, when only 1-TB is actually scheduled on a serving cell configured to be capable of receiving 2-TB, the terminal can generate a single A / N bit by logically ANDing the A / N bit for the 1-TB and the bit value 1. As a result, the terminal reports the A / N bit for the 1-TB as it is to the base station.

[0080] There are multiple parallel DL HARQ processes for DL transmission in the base station / terminal. The multiple parallel HARQ processes enable continuous DL transmission while waiting for HARQ feedback on the success or failure of previous DL transmissions. Each HARQ process is associated with a HARQ buffer at the MAC (Medium Access Control) layer. Each DL HARQ process manages state variables such as the number of transmissions of the MAC PDU (Physical Data Block) in the buffer, the HARQ feedback for the MAC PDU in the buffer, and the current redundancy version. Each HARQ process is distinguished by a HARQ process ID.

[0081] FIG. 6 illustrates the PUSCH transmission process. Referring to FIG. 6, the terminal can detect the PDCCH in slot #n. Here, the PDCCH contains uplink scheduling information (e.g., DCI format 0_0, 0_1). The DCI formats 0_0 and 0_1 contain the following information.

[0082] - Frequency domain resource assignment: Indicates the set of RBs assigned to PUSCH.

[0083] - Time domain resource assignment: Indicates the slot offset K2, the start position of PUSCH within the slot (e.g., symbol index), and the length (e.g., number of OFDM symbols). The start symbol and length are indicated by SLIV (Start and Length Indicator Value) or each is indicated.

[0084] Hereafter, the terminal can transmit PUSCH at slot #(n + K2) according to the scheduling information of slot #n. Here, PUSCH includes UL-SCH TB.

[0085] CSI-related operations

[0086] Figure 7 shows an example of a procedure related to CSI.

[0087] The terminal receives the configuration information related to CSI from the base station via RRC signaling (710). The configuration information related to the CSI includes at least one of information related to CSI-IM (interference management) resource, information related to CSI measurement configuration, information related to CSI resource configuration, information related to CSI-RS resource, or information related to CSI report configuration.

[0088] - For interference measurement (IM) of the terminal, CSI-IM resources are configured. In the time domain, the CSI-IM resource set is configured periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically. The CSI-IM resource is configured as Zero Power (ZP)-CSI-RS for the terminal. ZP-CSI-RS is configured separately from Non-Zero Power (NZP)-CSI-RS.

[0089] - The UE can assume that the CSI-RS resources for channel measurement configured for one CSI report and the CSI-IM resources / NZP-CSI-RS resources (when NZP-CSI-RS resources are used for interference measurement) are in a QCL relationship with respect to 'QCL-TypeD' for each resource.

[0090] - The CSI resource configuration includes at least one of the CSI-IM resources for interference measurement, the NZP-CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, and the NZP-CSI-RS resources for channel measurement. The CMR (channel measurement resource) is the NZP-CSI-RS for CSI acquisition, and the IMR (Interference measurement resource) is the NZP-CSI-RS for CSI-IM and IM.

[0091] - The CSI-RS may be configured for one or more terminals. Different CSI-RS configurations may be provided for each terminal, or the same CSI-RS configuration may be provided for multiple terminals. The CSI-RS can support up to 32 antenna ports. The CSI-RS corresponding to N (where N is 1 or more) antenna ports is mapped to N RE positions within a time-frequency unit corresponding to one slot and one RB. When N is 2 or more, the N-port CSI-RS is multiplexed by CDM, FDM, and / or TDM methods. The CSI-RS is mapped to other REs excluding the REs to which the CORESET, DM-RS, and SSB are mapped. In the frequency domain, the CSI-RS is configured for the entire bandwidth, a partial bandwidth portion (BWP), or a partial bandwidth. In each RB within the bandwidth where the CSI-RS is configured, the CSI-RS is transmitted (i.e., density = 1), or the CSI-RS is transmitted in every second RB (e.g., even or odd RBs) (i.e., density = 1 / 2). When the CSI-RS is used as a Tracking Reference Signal (TRS), a single-port CSI-RS may be mapped onto three subcarriers in each resource block (i.e., density = 3). In the time domain, one or more CSI-RS resource sets are configured for the terminal. Each CSI-RS resource set includes one or more CSI-RS configurations. Each CSI-RS resource set is configured periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0092] - The CSI report configuration includes settings for feedback type, measurement resources, report type, etc. The NZP-CSI-RS resource set is used for the CSI report configuration (report configuration) of the terminal. The NZP-CSI-RS resource set may be related to CSI-RS or SSB. Also, multiple periodic NZP-CSI-RS resource sets are configured as TRS resource sets. (i) The feedback type includes CQI (channel quality indicator), PMI (precoding matrix indicator), CRI (CSI-RS resource indicator), SSBRI (SS / PBCH block resource indicator), LI (layer indicator), RI (rank indicator), L1-RSRP, etc. (ii) The measurement resources include settings for downlink signals and / or downlink resources that the terminal should measure to determine feedback information. The measurement resources are configured as ZP and / or NZP-CSI-RS resource sets related to the CSI report configuration. The NZP-CSI-RS resource set includes a CSI-RS set or an SSB set. For example, L1-RSRP is measured against a CSI-RS set or an SSB set. (iii) The report type includes settings for the time when the terminal makes a report and the uplink channel, etc. The reporting time is set periodically, semi-permanently, or aperiodically. Periodic CSI reports are transmitted on the PUCCH. Semi-permanent CSI reports are transmitted on the PUCCH or PUSCH based on a MAC CE indicating activation / deactivation. Aperiodic CSI reports are indicated by DCI signaling. For example, the CSI request field of an uplink grant indicates one of various report trigger sizes. Aperiodic CSI reports are transmitted on the PUSCH.

[0093] The terminal measures CSI based on the configuration information related to CSI. The CSI measurement includes a procedure of receiving CSI-RS (720) and calculating the received CSI-RS to obtain CSI (730).

[0094] The terminal transmits a CSI report to the base station (740). For the CSI report, the time resources and frequency resources available for the UE are controlled by the base station. CSI (channel state information) includes at least one of CQI (channel quality indicator), PMI (precoding matrix indicator), CRI (CSI-RS resource indicator), SSBRI (SS / PBCH block resource indicator), LI (layer indicator), RI (rank indicator), L1-RSRP, and / or L-SINR.

[0095] The time domain behavior of CSI reports supports periodic, semi-persistent, or aperiodic. i) P (periodic)-CSI reports are performed on short PUCCH, long PUCCH. The periodicity and slot offset of P-CSI reports are set in RRC, referring to the CSI-ReportConfig IE. ii) SP (semi-periodic)-CSI reports are performed on short PUCCH, long PUCCH, or PUSCH. When it is SP-CSI on short PUCCH / long PUCCH, the periodicity and slot offset are set in RRC, and CSI reporting is activated / deactivated by another MAC CE / DCI. When it is SP-CSI on PUSCH, the periodicity of SP-CSI reports is set in RRC, but the slot offset is not set in RRC, and SP-CSI reporting is activated / deactivated by DCI (format 0_1). For SP-CSI reporting on PUSCH, a separate RNTI (SP-CSI C-RNTI) is used. The first CSI reporting timing follows the PUSCH time domain allocation value indicated by DCI, and subsequent CSI reporting timings follow the period set in RRC. DCI format 0_1 includes a CSI request field and activates / deactivates a preset configured SP-CSI trigger state. SP-CSI reports have activation / deactivation that is the same or similar to the mechanism with data transmission on SPS PUSCH. iii) AP-CSI reports are performed on PUSCH and triggered by DCI. In this case, the information related to the trigger of AP-CSI reports is transmitted / instructed / set by MAC-CE.In the case of AP-CSI with AP-CSI-RS, the AP-CSI-RS reception timing is set by RRC, and the transmission timing for AP-CSI reporting is dynamically controlled by DCI.

[0096] QCL (quasi-co location)

[0097] When the channel properties of an antenna port are inferable from the channels of other antenna ports, the two antenna ports are quasi co-located. The channel properties include one or more of Delay spread, Doppler spread, Frequency / Doppler shift, Average received power, Received Timing / average delay, and Spatial RX parameter.

[0098] A list of multiple TCI-State configurations is set for the terminal by the higher layer parameter PDSCH-Config. Each TCI-State is associated with the QCL setting parameters between one or two DL reference signals and the DM-RS ports of the PDSCH. QCL includes qcl-Type1 for the first DL RS and qcl-Type2 for the second DL RS. The QCL type corresponds to any one of the following.

[0099] - ‘QCL-TypeA’:{Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread}

[0100] - ‘QCL-TypeB’:{Doppler shift, Doppler spread}

[0101] -‘QCL-TypeC’:{Doppler shift, average delay}

[0102] - ‘QCL-TypeD’: {Spatial Rx parameter}

[0103] Beam Management (BM)

[0104] The BM process is a process for obtaining and maintaining a set of BSs (or transmission and reception points (TRPs)) and / or UE beams that can be used for downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) transmission / reception, and includes the following processes and terms.

[0105] - Beam measurement: The operation where a BS or UE measures the characteristics of a received beamforming signal.

[0106] - Beam determination: The operation where a BS or UE selects its own transmission beam (Tx beam) / reception beam (Rx beam).

[0107] - Beam sweeping: The operation of covering a spatial domain using transmission and / or reception beams during a certain time interval in a predetermined manner.

[0108] - Beam report: The operation where a UE reports information on a beamformed signal based on beam measurement.

[0109] The BM process is classified into (1) a DL BM process using SSB or CSI-RS and (2) a UL BM process using SRS (Sounding reference signal). Also, each BM process includes Tx beam sweeping for determining a Tx beam and Rx beam sweeping for determining an Rx beam.

[0110] At this time, the DL BM process includes: (1) transmission of beamformed DL RS (e.g., CSI-RS or SSB) by the BS, and (2) beam reporting by the UE.

[0111] Here, the beam report includes the preferred DL RS ID and the corresponding reference signal received power (RSRP). The DL RS ID is an SSBRI (SSB Resource Indicator) or a CRI (CSI-RS Resource Indicator).

[0112] M-TRP (multi-transmission and reception point) transmission

[0113] In NR standard release 17, M-TRP PDCCH repeated transmission, M-TRP PDCCH / PDSCH SFN transmission, S-DCI-based M-TRP PUSCH repeated transmission, and single PUCCH resource-based M-TRP PUCCH repeated transmission are supported.

[0114] All of these transmission techniques are enhancements for URLLC to increase reliability, and the same content (i.e., DCI, UL TB, or UCI) is repeatedly transmitted. In the case of M-TRP PDCCH repeated transmission, it is transmitted repeatedly in a TDM or FDM manner. M-TRP PDCCH / PDSCH SFN is repeatedly transmitted in the same time / frequency / layer. S-DCI-based M-TRP PUSCH repeated transmission is in TDM, and single PUCCH resource-based M-TRP PUCCH repeated transmission is transmitted repeatedly in a TDM manner.

[0115] - S-DCI-based M-TRP PDCCH repeated transmission

[0116] In NR standard release 17, for M-TRP PDCCH repeated transmission, a plurality of CORESETs with different TCI states (i.e., different QCL RSs) are configured for the UE, and a plurality of SS (Search Space) sets associated with each of the CORESETs are configured. The base station instructs / configures the UE that the SS set associated with one CORESET and the SS set associated with other CORESETs are linked for repeated transmission, so that the UE can know that the PDCCH candidates of the SS set are repeatedly transmitted.

[0117] For example, CORESET #0 and CORESET #1, which are two CORESETs, are configured for the UE. Each of CORESET #0 and CORESET #1 is associated with SS sets #0, 1, and SS set #0 and SS set #1 are linked. The UE can know that the PDCCH candidates of SS set #0 and the PDCCH candidates of SS set #1 repeatedly transmit the same DCI, and it can be known that they are pairs configured for the specific PDCCH candidates of SS set #0 and the specific PDCCH candidates of SS set #1 to repeatedly transmit the same DCI according to a predetermined rule. These two PDCCH candidates are called linked PDCCH candidates, and if the UE accurately receives any one of the two PDCCH candidates, it can successfully decode the DCI. However, when receiving the PDCCH candidates of SS set #0, the QCL RS (i.e., the downlink beam) of the TCI state of CORESET #0 associated with SS set #0 is used, and when receiving the PDCCH candidates of SS set #1, the QCL RS (i.e., the downlink beam) of the TCI state of CORESET #1 associated with SS set #1 is used, so that the linked PDCCH candidates are received with different beams from each other.

[0118] - M-TRP SFN PDCCH

[0119] As a special case of M-TRP PDCCH repeated transmission, multiple TRPs can repeatedly transmit the same DCI using the same time / frequency / DM-RS port, which is called SFN PDCCH transmission. However, for SFN PDCCH transmission, instead of configuring multiple CORESETs with different TCI states, the base station configures multiple TCI states in one CORESET. When the UE receives PDCCH candidates through the SS set connected to that one CORESET, it uses all of those multiple TCI states to perform channel estimation of PDCCH DM-RS and attempt decoding.

[0120] - M-TRP SFN PDSCH

[0121] When the M-TRP PDSCH is repeatedly transmitted, two TRPs repeatedly transmit the channel on different resources. However, as a special case, even when the resources used by the two TRPs are the same, that is, when the same channel is repeatedly transmitted using the same frequency, time, layer (or DM-RS port), the reliability of the channel can be improved. In this case, the same channel that is repeatedly transmitted is not resource-segmented and is received combined in the air, so it is recognized as one channel at the receiving end. In the NR standard, for PDSCH SFN transmission, two downlink TCI states for PDSCH DM-RS reception are configured.

[0122] - M-TRP PUSCH repeated transmission based on S-DCI

[0123] For the M-TRP PUSCH transmission based on the S-DCI, the base station configures two SRS sets for the UE, and each SRS set is used for indicating the uplink transmission ports and uplink beam / QCL information towards TRP #1 and TRP #2. Also, the base station performs SRS resource indication for each SRS set through two SRI fields in one DCI, and can indicate up to two power control (PC) parameter sets. For example, the first SRI field indicates the SRS resources and the PC parameter set defined in set 0, and the second SRI field indicates the SRS resources and the PC parameter set defined in set 1.

[0124] The UE is indicated by the first SRI field with the uplink transmission port, PC parameter set, and uplink beam / QCL information towards TRP #1, and performs PUSCH transmission at the TO corresponding to SRS set #0 accordingly. Similarly, the UE is indicated by the second SRI field with the uplink transmission port, PC parameter set, and uplink beam / QCL information towards TRP #2, and performs PUSCH transmission at the TO corresponding to SRS set #1 accordingly.

[0125] - M-TRP PUCCH repeated transmission based on a single PUCCH resource

[0126] For the M-TRP PUCCH transmission based on a single PUCCH resource, the base station activates / configures two spatial relation information for the UE in a single PUCCH resource. When UL UCI is transmitted by that PUCCH resource, each spatial relation information is used for indicating the spatial relation information towards TRP #1 and TRP #2.

[0127] For example, according to the value indicated in the first spatial relation info, the UE is instructed with a transmission beam / PC parameter towards TRP #1, and uses this information to perform PUCCH transmission at a TO corresponding to TRP #1. Similarly, according to the value indicated in the second spatial relation info, the UE is instructed with a transmission beam / PC parameter towards TRP #2, and uses this information to perform PUCCH transmission at a TO corresponding to TRP #2.

[0128] In the Rel 17 standardization meeting, the setting method was enhanced so that two pieces of spatial relation information are set for the PUCCH resource for M-TRP PUCCH repeated transmission. That is, when a PC parameter is set for each piece of spatial relation information, a spatial relation (RS) can be set. As a result, the PC information and the spatial relation RS information corresponding to two TRPs can be set by the two pieces of spatial relation information. The UE transmits on the PUCCH using the first piece of spatial relation information at TO 1, and transmits on the same UCI (i.e., CSI, ACKNAK, SR) PUCCH using the second piece of spatial relation information at TO 2.

[0129] Hereinafter, a PUCCH resource with two pieces of spatial relation information set is referred to as an M-TRP PUCCH resource, and a PUCCH resource with one piece of spatial relation information set is referred to as an S-TRP PUCCH resource.

[0130] Meaning of TCI state / beam indication

[0131] When receiving data / DCI / UCI for any frequency / time / spatial resource, the meaning of using or mapping a specific TCI state (or, TCI) means that in the case of the downlink, estimating the channel from the DM-RS using the QCL type and QCL RS indicated by the downlink TCI state in that frequency / time / spatial resource, and receiving / demodulating the data / DCI using the estimated channel.

[0132] In the case of the uplink, it means transmitting / modulating the DM-RS and data / UCI using the transmission beam and / or transmission power indicated by the uplink TCI state in that frequency / time / spatial resource.

[0133] The uplink TCI state includes the transmission beam or transmission power information of the UE. Instead of the TCI state, spatial relation information, etc. may be set for the UE by other parameters.

[0134] The uplink TCI state may be directly indicated by the DCI that transmits the uplink grant, or may mean the spatial relation information of the SRS resource indicated by the SRI field of the UL grant DCI. Alternatively, it may mean the open-loop transmission power control parameters concatenated to the value indicated by the SRI field of the UL grant DCI. Alternatively, the uplink TCI may be indicated using the DL grant DCI.

[0135] AI / ML (Artificial intelligence / machine learning)

[0136] Due to the technological development of AI / ML, the nodes and terminals constituting the wireless communication network are being intelligentized / advanced. In particular, due to the intelligentization of the network / base station, various network / base station decision parameter values (e.g., the transmission and reception power of each base station, the transmission power of each terminal, the precoder / beam of the base station / terminal, the time / frequency resource allocation for each terminal, the multiplexing method of each base station, etc.) can be quickly optimized, derived, and applied according to various environmental parameters (e.g., the distribution / position of base stations, the distribution / position / material of buildings / furniture, the position / movement direction / speed of terminals, climate information, etc.). Following such a trend, many standardization groups (e.g., 3GPP, O-RAN) are considering its introduction, and research on this is also actively underway.

[0137] Although AI / ML can be easily called, in a narrow sense, artificial intelligence based on deep learning, conceptually, it is as shown in Figure 8.

[0138] - Artificial Intelligence: Corresponds to all automation in which machines can replace humans in doing what humans should do.

[0139] - Machine Learning: Without explicitly programming rules, machines learn patterns for decision-making from data by themselves.

[0140] - Deep Learning: An AI / ML model based on artificial neural networks, in which machines perform feature extraction and judgment from unstructured data at once, and the algorithm depends on a multi-layer network composed of nodes connected to each other for feature extraction and transformation inspired by the biological nervous system, that is, the neural network. General deep learning network architectures include deep neural networks (DNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), and convolutional neural networks (CNNs).

[0141] Classification of AI / ML types according to various criteria

[0142] 1. Offline vs Online

[0143] (1) Offline Learning: Follow the procedures of database collection, learning, and prediction sequentially, that is, perform collection and learning offline, install the completed program on-site, and utilize it for prediction work. In most situations, such an offline learning method is used.

[0144] (2) Online Learning: Recently, a method that utilizes the fact that data available for learning is continuously generated by the Internet, and further has the generated data to perform incremental additional learning to gradually improve performance is called online learning.

[0145] 2. Classification by the concept of AI / ML framework

[0146] (1) Centralized Learning: When training data collected at multiple different nodes is reported to a central node, all data resources / storage / learning (e.g., supervised, unsupervised, reinforcement learning, etc.) are performed at a single central node.

[0147] (2) Federated Learning: A collective AI / ML model is constructed based on data distributed among data owners. Instead of bringing data to the AI / ML model, the AI / ML model is brought to the data source so that local nodes / individual devices can collect data and train their own copies of the AI / ML model, eliminating the need to report source data to a central node. In federated learning, the intermediate variables / weights of the AI / ML model can be resent to a centralized node to assist in the training of a general AI / ML model. The advantages of federated learning are increased computing speed and excellent information security. That is, since the process of uploading personal data to a central server is unnecessary, personal information leakage and abuse can be prevented.

[0148] (3) Distributed Learning: Refers to the concept where the machine learning process is extended and distributed across an entire node cluster. The training AI / ML model is shared among multiple nodes that are split and operate simultaneously to increase the speed of AI / ML model training.

[0149] 3. Classification by learning method

[0150] (1) Supervised Learning: Supervised learning is a machine learning task that aims to learn the mapping function from input to output when a labeled dataset is provided. The input data is called training data and has known labels or results. Examples of supervised learning include (i) Regression: Linear Regression, Logistic Regression, (ii) Instance-based Algorithms: k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), (iii) Decision Tree Algorithms: CART, (iv) Support Vector Machines: SVM, (v) Bayesian Algorithms: Naive Bayes, and (vi) Ensemble Algorithms: Extreme Gradient Boosting, Bagging: Random Forest, etc. Supervised learning can be further grouped by regression and classification problems. Classification is predicting labels, and regression is predicting quantities.

[0151] (2) Unsupervised Learning: Unsupervised learning is a machine learning task that aims to learn the function to explain the hidden structure in unlabeled data. The input data has no assigned labels and no known results. Some examples of unsupervised learning are K-means clustering, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Nonlinear Independent Component Analysis (ICA), and LSTM, etc.

[0152] (3)Reinforcement Learning: In reinforcement learning (RL), an agent aims to optimize long-term goals by interacting with the environment based on a trial-and-error process, which is a goal-oriented learning based on interactions with the environment. Examples of RL algorithms include (i) Q-learning, (ii) Multi-armed bandit learning, (iii) Deep Q Network, State-Action-Reward-State-Action (SARSA), (iv) Temporal Difference Learning, (v) Actor-critic reinforcement learning, (vi) Deep deterministic policy gradient, and (vii) Monte-Carlo tree search. Reinforcement learning can be further grouped into RL based on AI / ML models and RL without AI / ML models. Model-based reinforcement learning is an RL algorithm that uses a predictive AI / ML model and obtains the establishment of switching between states using various dynamic states of the environment and an AI / ML model where such states lead to compensation. Model-free reinforcement learning is an RL algorithm based on value or policy that achieves maximum future compensation. In a multi-agent environment / state, the calculation is not complex, and it is necessary to accurately represent the environment. On the other hand, RL algorithms can also be classified into value-based RL vs. policy-based RL, policy-based RL vs. off-policy RL, etc.

[0153] AI / ML model

[0154] Figure 9 illustrates a Feed-Forward Neural Network (FFNN) AI / ML model. Referring to Figure 9, the FFNN AI / ML model includes an input layer, a hidden layer, and an output layer.

[0155] Figure 10 illustrates an RNN (Recurrent Neural Network) AI / ML model. Referring to Figure 10, the RNN AI / ML model is a type of artificial neural network with a cyclic structure where hidden nodes are connected by edges with directions, and it is an AI / ML model suitable for processing sequentially appearing data such as voice and text. As a type of RNN, there is LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory), and LSTM has a structure where a cell-state is added to the hidden state of the RNN. Specifically, in LSTM, an input gate, a forget gate, and an output gate are added to the RNN cell, and a cell state is added.

[0156] Figure 11 illustrates a CNN (Convolution Neural Network) AI / ML model. The CNN applies a convolution operation commonly used in the fields of video processing and image processing for two purposes: reducing the complexity of the AI / ML model and extracting good features. Referring to Figure 11, a kernel or filter means a unit / structure that applies weighted values to a given range / unit of input. Stride means the moving range for moving the kernel within the input. A feature map means the result of applying the kernel to the input. Padding means a value added to adjust the size of the feature map. Pooling means an operation (e.g., max pooling, average pooling) for downsampling the feature map and reducing the size of the feature map.

[0157] Figure 12 shows an auto-encoder AI / ML model. Referring to Figure 12, an auto-encoder is a neural network that takes a feature vector x as input and outputs the same or a similar vector x’, where the input nodes and output nodes have the same features, and it is a type of unsupervised learning.

[0158] FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining a framework for 3GPP RAN (radio access network) intelligence.

[0159] Define the terms related to AI / ML as follows (refer to 3GPP TS37.817).

[0160] - Data collection: Data collected from network nodes, management entities, or terminals, which is the basis for ML AI / ML model learning, data analysis, and inference.

[0161] - ML Model: A data-driven algorithm of a data base that generates a set of outputs consisting of information predicted based on a set of inputs by applying an ML method.

[0162] - ML training: An online or offline process of learning the functions and patterns that best represent the data, training the ML AI / ML model, and obtaining the ML AI / ML model learned for inference.

[0163] - ML inference: A process of guiding predictions or decisions based on the data collected using the learned ML AI / ML model and the ML AI / ML model.

[0164] Referring to FIG. 13, data collection is a function that provides input data to the AI / ML model learning and AI / ML model inference functions. Data preparation for each AI / ML algorithm (e.g., data preprocessing and collation, formatting, and conversion) is not performed by the data collection function.

[0165] Examples of input data include measurements of a UE or other network entity, feedback from an Actor, and outputs of an AI / ML model. Training data is the data required for input to the AI / ML model training function. Inference data is the data required for input to the AI / ML model inference function.

[0166] AI / ML model training is part of the AI / ML model test procedure and is a function that performs ML AI / ML model training, verification, and testing capable of generating AI / ML model performance metrics. Optionally, the AI / ML model training function can also be responsible for data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing and collation, formatting, and conversion) based on the training data provided by the data collection function.

[0167] AI / ML model deployment / update: Used to initially distribute the trained, verified, and tested AI / ML model to the AI / ML model inference function or to transfer the updated AI / ML model to the AI / ML model inference function.

[0168] Model inference is a function that provides an AI / ML model inference output (e.g., a prediction or a decision). In some cases, the AI / ML model inference function may provide AI / ML model performance feedback to the AI / ML model training function. Optionally, the AI / ML model inference function can also perform data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing and collation, formatting, and conversion) based on the inference data transmitted by the data collection function. The output means the inference output of the AI / ML model generated by the AI / ML model inference function. The AI / ML model performance feedback is used to monitor the performance of the AI / ML model.

[0169] An Actor is a function that receives the output of an AI / ML model inference function and triggers or executes the operation. The Actor triggers work towards other entities or itself. Feedback is the information necessary to derive training or inference data or performance feedback.

[0170] Data set

[0171] The data used in AI / ML includes at least one of AI / ML model training data, validation data, and test data.

[0172] AI / ML model training data is a dataset for learning an AI / ML model.

[0173] Validation data is a dataset for validating an AI / ML model for which learning has already been completed. It is used to prevent over-fitting of the AI / ML model training dataset. It may also be a dataset for selecting the best among various AI / ML models learned during the learning process, and thus can be regarded as a kind of learning.

[0174] Test data is a dataset for final evaluation and may have no relation to learning.

[0175] For example, the AI / ML model training data and validation data may be used in a ratio of 8:2 or 7:3, and when considering test data as well, they may be used in a ratio of 6:2:2 (training:validation:test).

[0176] Collaboration level

[0177] As an example, according to the availability of AI / ML functions between the base station and the terminal, the cooperation level (or category) is defined as follows, and variations by combining or separating the following levels are also possible.

[0178] Cat 0a) No collaboration framework: The AI / ML algorithm is implemented, but it does not require changes on the radio interface.

[0179] Cat 0b) An interface modified to implement a more efficient AL / ML algorithm is provided.

[0180] Cat 1) Collaboration between nodes is possible for improving the AL / ML algorithms of each node. The terminal receives or provides assistance from the base station for training, adaptation, etc. However, the exchange of AI / ML model information between network nodes is not required.

[0181] Cat 2) It is a Joint AI / ML operation between the terminal and the base station, and instructions / exchanges between network nodes are required.

[0182] TD (Time Domain) Compressed Codebook

[0183] Figures 14 and 15 are diagrams showing an example of reporting PMI for a plurality of time instances.

[0184] In particular, the PMI shown in Figures 14 and 15 ref_rsc , PMI ref_rsc+τ and PMI ref_rsc+2τ are compressed based on a TD (Time Domain) compression codebook to reduce the PMI feedback overhead.

[0185] As shown in Figures 14 and 15, in order to determine the time instance of the channel represented by the PMI, the base station performs the following signaling to the UE. As an example of the signaling, it is indicated by the parameters of the RRC signaling for codebook setting.

[0186] First, indicate how many time instances are to be represented by PMI. In FIGS. 14 and 15, the number of time instances is three. The number of time instances is set in consideration of the time-variation of the channel. For this purpose, the UE reports its speed information, Doppler information (Doppler shift / spread), etc. to the base station. Alternatively, the UE reports to the base station the number of time instances it prefers based on its speed or Doppler information, and the base station confirms or makes the final selection. The UE reports candidate values for the value of the number of time instances as UE capability.

[0187] Also, in FIGS. 14 and 15, indicate the interval τ value between each time instance. The τ value is set in consideration of the time-variation of the channel. For this purpose, the UE reports its speed information, Doppler information (Doppler shift / spread), etc. to the base station. Alternatively, the UE reports to the base station the τ value it prefers based on its speed or Doppler information, and the base station confirms it or makes the final selection. The τ value is expressed in terms of absolute time, slot OFDM symbols, etc. The UE reports candidate values for the τ value as UE capability.

[0188] Indicate which time instance among the time instances set as described above the CSI reference resource corresponds to.

[0189] In Fig. 14, among the three time instances, the CSI reference resource is set for the first time instance. For this purpose, the base station sets the time instance offset of the CSI reference resource to 0. As the CSI reference resource is set for the first time instance, the remaining time instances at subsequent time points are set after the CSI reference resource. In Fig. 15, among the three time instances, the CSI reference resource is set for the last (third) time instance. For this purpose, the base station sets the time instance offset of the CSI reference resource to 2. As the CSI reference resource is set for the third time instance, the remaining time instances at the previous time points are set before the CSI reference resource.

[0190] The time instance offset is set considering the time-varying nature of the channel. For this purpose, the UE reports its speed information, Doppler information (Doppler shift / spread), etc. to the base station. Alternatively, the UE reports to the base station the time instance offset it prefers from its own speed or Doppler information, and the base station either confirms this or makes the final selection. Also, depending on the UE implementation, as shown in Fig. 14, UEs that can set the time instance offset to other time instances than the last time instance, and as shown in Fig. 15, UEs that can set the time instance offset only to the last time instance are distinguished and reported as UE capabilities. The latter does not need to perform channel prediction, so the implementation is simple, but the former needs to perform channel prediction, so the implementation is complex.

[0191] More specifically, in the case of the former, the minimum value of the settable time instance offset, or candidates for the settable time instance offset values, can be additionally reported. The smaller the minimum value, the more channel prediction needs to be performed, so the UE implementation becomes complex.

[0192] CQI reporting for multiple time instances

[0193] Next, in addition to the PMI reports for the multiple time instances described above, a method for reporting CQI for multiple time instances will be described.

[0194] The legacy UE assumes that PDSCH transmission has been performed on the frequency and time resources determined as CSI reference resources for CQI calculation, and reports the highest CQI index that meets the target BLER (block error rate). In particular, even when one CSI reference resource is defined / used to calculate / report one CQI / CSI and two CQIs are reported for two codewords, one CSI reference resource is defined / used. However, an advanced UE needs to define a CSI reference resource corresponding to each time instance in order to calculate CQI / CSI for each of the multiple time instances.

[0195] FIG. 16 shows an example of using multiple CSI reference resources to calculate CQI for multiple time instances according to the present invention.

[0196] In FIG. 16, CSI reference resource #0 means a CSI reference resource defined by the conventional method, and this is called an actual CSI reference resource. CSI reference resources #1 to #n mean CSI reference resources defined by the new method, and this is called a virtual CSI reference resource.

[0197] The virtual CSI reference resource does not affect the channel measurement window / interference measurement window, and the measurement window is determined only by the actual reference resource in the same way as the conventional method. Also, when performing the RAN4 CQI test, the test may be performed only on the CQI / CSI calculated by the actual CSI reference resource, and the test may be omitted for the CQI / CSI calculated by other virtual CSI reference resources.

[0198] In FIG. 16, the burst measurement resource, that is, the burst channel measurement resource (CMR) or the burst interference measurement window (IMR), is such that one CMR / IMR is continuously set at short time intervals (for example, every symbol interval or every slot interval). Using this burst measurement resource, the UE estimates the channel and calculates the CSI not only for CSI reference resource #0 but also for CSI reference resources defined at other times.

[0199] In FIG. 16, the CSI is the CSI calculated based on CSI reference resource #k k (for example, RI k / PMI k / CQI k ).

[0200] RI k may be restricted to the same value regardless of index k. In this case, only one representative value (for example, RI0) is reported.

[0201] PMI k is reported after being compressed using the TD / DD compression codebook, or only the part corresponding to W2 among the various components / indexes that make up the PMI is calculated / reported respectively, and the other parts (for example, W1, Wf) are commonly applied and only one is calculated / reported.

[0202] CQI k assumes that PDSCH transmission is performed for the frequency and time resources determined as CSI reference resource #k, and reports the highest CQI index that satisfies the target BLER. Of course, for calculating that CQI k , RI k is the rank of the PDSCH, and PMI kIt is necessary to assume that it is used as a precoder of PDSCH. For example, PMI k When it is compressed and reported in the TD / DD compression codebook, only the part representing PMI k is taken from that codebook and used for the calculation of CQI k .

[0203] As an example of CSI k calculated based on CSI reference resource #k, RI k / PMI k / CQI k has been described. Needless to say, it is also applicable to other reporting quantities such as CRI k , LI k .

[0204] Configuration of Virtual CSI reference resources

[0205] The base station indicates to the UE, or the UE reports to the base station, or a fixed value is used for the number (n) of virtual CSI reference resources, the time interval (m), and the slot offset (o) between the actual CSI reference resource and the first virtual CSI reference resource.

[0206] For example, set n to 3, m to 1 slot, and o to 1 slot. In this case, virtual CSI reference resources are defined at intervals of 1 slot (=m) from the actual CSI reference resource slot + 1 slot (=o), and all 3 (=n) virtual CSI reference resources are defined. When o is a positive number, all virtual CSI reference resources are set after the actual CSI reference resource. When o is -n*m or less, all virtual CSI reference resources are set before the actual CSI reference resource. In other cases, the virtual CSI reference resources are set either before or after the actual CSI reference resource. Due to the slot offset, when the actual CSI reference resource and a given virtual CSI reference resource are in the same slot, that virtual CSI reference resource is dropped and the actual CSI reference resource is set at that position.

[0207] The number of virtual CSI reference resources, the time interval, and the slot offset can be set in the same manner as the setting methods of the number of the plurality of time instances, the time interval, and the slot offset described above. That is, the proposals related to the setting methods of the number of the plurality of time instances, the time interval, and the slot offset are also effective when replacing with virtual CSI reference resources instead of the plurality of time instances.

[0208] As another method, the CSI reference resource or the plurality of time instances are determined by the time positions of the respective measurement resources constituting the burst measurement resources. For example, when the burst measurement resources are set to slot #n, slot #n + 1, and slot #n + 2, the CSI reference resource or the plurality of time instances are set to slot #n, slot #n + 1, and slot #n + 2.

[0209] Adjustment of Virtual CSI reference resources

[0210] A method is proposed to inspect whether the virtual CSI reference resource is a valid slot and adjust the virtual CSI reference resource for the virtual CSI reference resource set as described above.

[0211] In the conventional method, the CSI reference resource is determined as the latest valid slot among the slots having an index of (CSI reporting slot index - nCSI_ref) (where nCSI_ref = 4 or 5 or Z) or less, but the definition of the valid slot is as follows.

[0212]

Table 6

[0213] Each virtual CSI reference resource set as described above has a slot that is either a valid slot or not a valid slot. Thus, whether to use or drop the virtual CSI reference resource can be determined in the following manner. If the virtual CSI reference resource is dropped without being used, the CSI calculated using the virtual CSI reference resource (i.e., RI, PMI, and / or CQI) is not reported or updated.

[0214] 1) Validity determination method #1 for virtual CSI reference resources

[0215] Regardless of whether virtual CSI reference resource #k is a valid slot, use the virtual CSI reference resource. Thus, the UE does not need to perform a validity test on the virtual CSI reference resource, which has the advantage of simplicity in implementation. Even if virtual CSI reference resource #k is an uplink slot (i.e., not a valid slot), the base station uses the reported CSI k and other CSI (e.g., CSI0, CSI1,..., CSI k-1 , CSI k+1 ,..., CSI n ) to predict the channel / CSI for other downlink slots in that slot and perform downlink scheduling based on the predicted values.

[0216] 2) Validity determination method #2 for virtual CSI reference resources

[0217] If virtual CSI reference resource #k is not a valid slot, drop the virtual CSI reference resource. In this case, even if n virtual CSI reference resources are set, if there is a virtual CSI reference resource that does not meet the validity test, the CSI reference resource is dropped, so in fact only virtual CSI reference resources smaller than n are used. If dropped, CQI is not reported or updated, but RI / PMI for that slot can still be calculated / reported.

[0218] 3) Method for determining the validity of virtual CSI reference resources #3

[0219] If the virtual CSI reference resource #k is not a valid slot, among the slots between the virtual CSI reference resource and the previous CSI reference resource (i.e., virtual CSI reference resource #k - 1), set the virtual CSI reference resource to the latest valid slot.

[0220] For example, if the virtual CSI reference resource 2 is not a valid slot, among the slots existing between virtual CSI reference resources #1 and 2, shift and set the virtual CSI reference resource 2 to the latest valid slot. Since there is no previous virtual CSI reference resource for the first virtual CSI reference resource, if it is not a valid slot, it is dropped, or the virtual CSI reference resource #1 is shifted and set to the latest valid slot for any slot before the first virtual CSI reference resource.

[0221] 4) Method for determining the validity of virtual CSI reference resources #4

[0222] If the virtual CSI reference resource #k is not a valid slot, among the previous slots of the virtual CSI reference resource, set the virtual CSI reference resource to the latest valid slot.

[0223] Encoding method of CQI

[0224] CQI in Figure 16 k The encoding method for (k = 0~n) will be described.

[0225] CQI k Among (k = 0~n), a specific CQI (i.e., the reference CQI) is represented in a 4-bit size using the conventional CQI table, and other CQIs report the difference value relative to the reference CQI. This is similar to the way that when reporting the conventional WB CQI and SB CQI, the SB CQI reports the difference value relative to the WB CQI.

[0226] The reference CQI is determined by the CQI calculated using substantially the CSI reference resource.

[0227] Alternatively, the reference CQI is determined as the maximum CQI among the CQIs k . Also, when the reference CQI is determined as the maximum CQI, it is reported in bit information of size ceil(log(n + 1)) which CQI among CQI0 to CQI n it is. The bit information is scrambled and transmitted in CSI part I. Also, CQI0 to CQI n are all scrambled in CSI part I, or only the reference CQI value is constituted in CSI part I and the other CQIs are encoded in CSI part II.

[0228] Alternatively, the reference CQI is set as a common CQI for CSI reference resource #0 to CSI reference resource #n. However, the common CQI will be described later.

[0229] Furthermore, when configuring the CSI payload, the bits of CQI0 to CQI n are concatenated, the reference CQI is constituted by the leading bit, and the other CQIs are concatenated later. For example, when CQI2 is the reference CQI, CQI2, CQI3, CQI4,..., CQI n , CQI0 are concatenated in this order (that is, sequentially circularly rotated with the reference CQI as the reference). Or, they are concatenated in the order of CQI2, CQI0, CQI1, CQI3,... CQI n .

[0230] Also, when the RE resource given by PUSCH / PUCCH is smaller than the CSI payload size, it is preferable that the reference CQI has a higher priority than the other CQIs and is omitted late.

[0231] Furthermore, when the SB CQI report is set, the CQI can be encoded and configured as follows.

[0232] 1) CQI k For each of (k = 0 to n), report the WB CQI and the SB CQI. Each SB CQI k (k = 0 to n) reports only the difference from the WB CQI k and the WB CQI k (k = 0 to n) reports only the difference from the reference WB CQI.

[0233] 2) As described in 1) above, reporting the SB CQI for all CQIs k incurs a large overhead. Therefore, for a predetermined CQI among the CQIs k (k = 0 to n), report the WB CQI and the SB CQI, and for the other CQIs, report only the WB CQI. The predetermined CQI is defined as the CQI for the virtual CSI reference resource. Or, the predetermined CQI is defined as the maximum WB CQI. Or, the base station indicates the predetermined CQI or the UE selects and reports it. Or, the WB CQI of the predetermined CQI is set to the CQI calculated by 4) below (i.e., the common CQI for CSI reference resource #0 to CSI reference resource #n).

[0234] 3) For a predetermined CQI among the CQIs k (k = 0 to n), report the WB CQI and the SB CQI, and for the other CQIs, report only the SB CQI. The SB CQI for the other CQIs is reported as a difference value with reference to the WB CQI for the predetermined CQI. The method for selecting the predetermined CQI is the same as the method proposed in 2) above.

[0235] 4) It is not expected that the SB CQI is set for the CQIs k (k = 0 to n). That is, when reporting the CSI for a plurality of time instances, the UE expects that the base station does not set the SB CQI report, or even if it is set, ignores it and reports only the WB CQI.

[0236] On one hand, in order to calculate the difference value from the reference CQI, the following method may be further considered. When the reference CQI is set to the minimum CQI or the maximum CQI among the CQIs k for example, when it is set to the minimum CQI, based on a CQI table (differential CQI table) with a 2-bit difference, etc., the representation of the CQI k is configured as 0 (00), +1 (01), +2 (10), +3 (11) in the direction of increasing difference value. Similarly, when it is set to the maximum CQI, based on the CQI table with a 2-bit difference, etc., the representation of the CQI k is configured as 0 (00), -1 (01), -2 (10), -3 (11) in the direction of decreasing difference value.

[0237] Furthermore, when the terminal reports information regarding the differential CQI table such as the table size to the CSI, the representative CQI and the information regarding the differential CQI table are included in CSI part 1, and the other CQIs are encoded in CSI part 2.

[0238] Also, values such as the number of time instances, intervals, the number of reference resources, intervals, slot offsets, etc. are also included in CSI part 1 and encoded.

[0239] Common CQI for multiple reference resources

[0240] In the above, CQI is calculated / reported for each of CSI reference resource #0 to CSI reference resource #n. However, considering the CSI overhead, it is possible to calculate / report one common CQI for CSI reference resource #0 to CSI reference resource #n. The UE assumes that different PDSCHs are transmitted with the same CQI for each CSI reference resource, and calculates and reports the highest CQI index for which the average BLER (or the minimum BLER among the BLERs of each PDSCH) satisfies the target BLER for these n + 1 PDSCHs.

[0241] Ratio of power for multiple measurement resources

[0242] In the process of calculating the CQI, a conventional UE assumes the transmission power of the PDSCH using the power of the PDSCH with respect to the power of the CSI-RS given by RRC signaling (i.e., the Pc ratio) for each CSI-RS resource.

[0243] If, for the burst measurement resource, a plurality of CSI-RSs are combined into a structure configured in the form of a burst like a TRS, each CSI-RS needs to set the Pc ratio equally. That is, the UE expects to set the Pc ratios of the CSI-RSs constituting the burst measurement resource equally.

[0244] If the Pc ratios are different, it becomes ambiguous which Pc ratio should be used to assume the transmission power of the PDSCH. In this case, the UE assumes the PDSCH transmission power using a predetermined value (e.g., the minimum Pc ratio, the maximum Pc ratio, the median, or the mean).

[0245] <Assumptions during CQI measurement based on Virtual CSI reference resources>

[0246] When measuring the CQI based on a conventional CSI reference resource, i.e., a substantial CSI reference resource, the UE performs the CQI measurement assuming that it receives the PDSCH according to the CSI reference resource definition in 3GPP 38.214 8.5.2.3.

[0247] For the virtual CSI reference resource, it is also assumed that the PDSCH is received according to the definition of 3GPP 38.214, but it is necessary to calculate the CQI assuming the PMI and RI for the virtual CSI reference resource. That is, when it is the virtual CSI reference resource #k, the CQI is measured under the assumption that the PDSCH to which the PMI k , RI k is applied is received.

[0248] If there are multiple CSI reference resources, some assumptions for PDSCH reception are changed using MAC-CE or the like. However, if the timing of this change is located in the middle of the positions of the multiple CSI reference resources in the time domain, it becomes ambiguous how to handle this. In this case, for CSI reference resources after the change timing, CQI is calculated using the changed assumptions. Alternatively, even if it is changed, the change is ignored, and the assumptions of the CSI reference resources are reflected as they are before the change to calculate CQI.

[0249] Calculation of WB CQI for multiple time instances

[0250] On the other hand, according to recent 3GPP NR standardization, a UE can report two CQIs for each sub-band. The first CQI means the CQI calculated for the first slot of the CSI reporting window, and the second CQI means the CQI calculated for the middle slot of the CSI reporting window.

[0251] At this time, the CSI reporting window means the union of time instances (e.g., slots) in which CSI#0 to CSI#n are calculated respectively in FIG. 16. For example, if CSIk is the CSI calculated assuming slot k as the CSI reference resource, the CSI reporting window corresponding to CSI0 to CSIn consists of slots from slot 0 to slot n. More specifically, the CSI reporting window consists of slots from slot #l to slot #(l + WCSI - 1), where WCSI is the size of the CSI reporting window and is expressed as N4 * d. Here, N4 is the length of the basis vector in the Doppler domain (DD), which is the number of time instances. Also, d means the duration of each time instance.

[0252] According to the 3GPP NR standardization, the first CQI and the second CQI are SB CQIs, and report the difference values for one WB (Wideband) CQI. For example, when the WB CQI is 10, the first CQI and the second CQI report the difference values based on the WB CQI according to a 2-bit differential CQI table. At this time, for the calculation of the WB CQI, the following is proposed.

[0253] (1) WB CQI Calculation Proposal #1

[0254] The WB CQI is calculated assuming the first slot of the CSI reporting window as the reference resource. That is, the WB CQI is the highest CQI that satisfies the target BLER when assuming the PMI and channel of that slot and transmitting the PDSCH based on the first slot of the CSI reporting window. The WB CQI already means the CQI that can be achieved on average for the WB (wideband) channel, and since it is the average CQI for various channels already shown on the frequency axis, the probability of changing greatly over time is low. Therefore, it is not necessary to calculate the WB CQI for a plurality of time instances, and the calculation complexity of the UE can be reduced by calculating the WB CQI for the first time instance (= the first slot).

[0255] (2) WB CQI Calculation Proposal #2

[0256] As in the aforementioned WB CQI calculation proposal #1, the WB CQI is calculated for one time instance. In contrast, for a time instance located in the middle of the CSI reporting window that is not the first time instance (i.e., a slot located in the middle of the CSI reporting window), the WB CQI is calculated. Since the channel change over time has continuity (i.e., the channel change between close time instances is smaller than the channel change between far - apart time instances), calculating the WB CQI based on the time instance located in the middle of the CSI reporting window is advantageous for reducing the average difference from the actual WB CQI of each time instance.

[0257] (3) WB CQI calculation proposal #3

[0258] The WB CQI is calculated assuming the first slot and the last slot of the CSI reporting window as reference resources. That is, the WB CQI is the highest CQI that satisfies the target BLER when assuming the PMI and channel of that slot and transmitting the PDSCH based on the first slot of the CSI reporting window, and at the same time satisfies the target BLER when assuming the PMI and channel of that slot and transmitting the PDSCH based on the last slot of the CSI reporting window. The WB CQI calculated in this way is a value calculated using both the first slot and the last slot of the CSI reporting window, so it is more accurate than the WB CQI calculation proposal #1 and the WB CQI calculation proposal #2 based on one time instance.

[0259] (4) WB CQI calculation proposal #4

[0260] The WB CQI is calculated assuming the reference resources are the first slot of the CSI reporting window and the slot located in the middle of the CSI reporting window. That is, when the WB CQI calculates, assuming the PMI and channel of that slot with reference to the first slot of the CSI reporting window and transmitting the PDSCH, it meets the target BLER. At the same time, when assuming the PMI and channel of the slot located in the middle of the CSI reporting window and transmitting the PDSCH, it is the highest CQI that meets the target BLER. Since the reference resource slots and PMI assumed / used when calculating the WB CQI are the same as those assumed / used when calculating the SB CQI, it can be implemented more simply than the calculation proposal #3 of the WB CQI.

[0261] (5) Calculation Proposal #5 of WB CQI

[0262] For the most accurate CQI calculation, the WB CQI is calculated assuming the reference resources are all N4 time instances of the CSI reporting window, that is, starting from the first slot of the CSI reporting window (for example, slot #l), N4 slots (for example, slot #l, slot #l + d, slot #l + 2d,..., slot #l + (N4 - 1)d) separated at the same d interval are used as reference resources.

[0263] FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing an example in which a UE (User Equipment) transmits predicted CSI (Channel Status Information) to a BS (Base Station) according to an embodiment of the present invention. In particular, in the example illustrated in FIG. 17, it is assumed that the UE is set to transmit predicted CSI including two CQIs.

[0264] Referring to FIG. 17, in step A05, the UE receives at least one CMR (channel measurement resource) from the BS.

[0265] Next, in step A10, the UE calculates the PMI (Precoding Matrix Index) for two or more time instances based on the at least one measurement resource. In particular, the UE can compress the PMI for the two or more time instances based on a TD (Time Domain) compressed codebook.

[0266] Here, at least one of the two or more time instances means a time instance after the reporting time point of the CSI, which ultimately means predicting and reporting the CSI for after the reporting time point.

[0267] Also, when there are multiple CMRs, it is assumed that the ratio of the received power of the PDSCH comparison for the multiple CMRs is the same.

[0268] Next, in step A15, the UE calculates the first CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) for the first time instance based on the PMI for the first time instance among the two or more time instances.

[0269] Also, in step A20, the UE calculates the second CQI for the second time instance based on the PMI for the second time instance among the two or more time instances. In particular, the second CQI is calculated as a difference equivalent value from the first CQI.

[0270] Here, the second time instance is determined based on the number of the time instances. For example, the second time instance is determined as the time instance located in the center in a window consisting of two or more time instances.

[0271] Finally, in step A25, the UE transmits the predicted CSI including the first CQI and the second CQI to the BS. Of course, in step A10, the predicted CSI may include the calculated compressed PMI. Also, the first CQI and the second CQI are separately encoded and transmitted to the BS in different reporting instances. For example, the first predicted CSI and the second predicted CSI are transmitted in different reporting instances, the first predicted CSI includes the first CQI, and the second predicted CSI includes the second CQI. Specifically, the first CQI is encoded and included in Part 1 CSI, and the second CQI is encoded and included in Part 2 CSI.

[0272] On the other hand, in the present invention, reporting CSI for a plurality of time instances means that one measurement resource (e.g., CMR, IMR) set for CSI calculation is continuously set in a burst during a short time interval (e.g., every slot or every symbol), or a codebook using TD (Time Domain) / DD (Doppler Domain) compression for PMI reporting is set, or a plurality of W2 corresponding to other time instances are set to report for PMI reporting, or a plurality of time instances / plurality of CSI reference resources are set.

[0273] On the other hand, in the present invention, CQI k assumes one CQI assuming 1 CW, but can also be extended and applied when a high rank is set and 2 CQIs for 2 CWs are used. At this time, the largest CQI can be selected by comparing the CQIs for the first CW (e.g., multiple CQIs for the first CW for a plurality of time instances or multiple CQIs for the first CW by a plurality of CSI reference resources). Alternatively, the larger (or smaller) of the two CQIs can be determined as the representative CQI, and the largest CQI among the representative CQIs can be selected.

[0274] On the one hand, through the proposed combination of the present invention, the CQI determination and reporting method can be finally applied.

[0275] On the other hand, the proposal of the present invention is also applicable when an AI / ML UE predicts future CSI (e.g., CSI for channels after the CSI reporting time) and reports it to the base station. At this time, without defining the virtual reference resource, the CQI can report the value predicted based on AI / ML. At this time, it can be reported by classifying it into a value different from the conventional CQI, and the information compressed by AI / ML can be reported.

[0276] On the one hand, parameters mentioned in the proposal of the present invention, whether to apply the proposal, etc. are set by the base station instructing the UE, the UE reporting to the base station, or set to fixed values.

[0277] FIG. 18 illustrates a communication system 1 to which the present invention is applicable.

[0278] Referring to FIG. 18, the communication system 1 includes wireless devices, base stations, and a network. Here, a wireless device means a device that communicates using wireless connection technologies (e.g., 5G NR, LTE), and is also referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Without being limited thereto, the wireless devices include a robot 100a, vehicles 100b-1, 100b-2, an XR (Extended Reality) device 100c, a hand-held device 100d, home appliances 100e, an IoT (Internet of Thing) device 100f, and an AI server / device 400. For example, the vehicles include vehicles equipped with a wireless communication function, autonomous driving vehicles, vehicles capable of vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicles include UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) (e.g., drones). The XR device includes AR (Augmented Reality) / VR (Virtual Reality) / MR (Mixed Reality) devices, and is embodied in the form of an HMD (Head-Mounted Device), a HUD (Head-Up Display) installed in a vehicle, a TV, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signboard, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The hand-held devices include smartphones, smart pads, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart glasses), computers (e.g., notebook computers, etc.). The home appliances include TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, etc. The IoT devices include sensors, smart meters, etc. For example, the base stations and the network are also embodied in the wireless devices, and a specific wireless device 200a can also operate as a base station / network node for other wireless devices.

[0279] Wireless devices 100a to 100f are connected to network 300 via base station 200. AI (Artificial Intelligence) technology is applied to wireless devices 100a to 100f, and wireless devices 100a to 100f are connected to AI server 400 via network 300. Network 300 is configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. Wireless devices 100a to 100f can communicate with each other via base station 200 / network 300, but can also communicate directly without going through the base station / network (e.g., sidelink communication). For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0280] Wireless communications / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c are performed between wireless devices 100a to 100f / base station 200 and between base stations 200 / 200. Here, the wireless communications / connections are uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), and communication between base stations 150c (e.g., performed by various wireless connection technologies such as relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul) (e.g., 5G NR)). Through wireless communications / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c, wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communications / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c can transmit / receive signals via various physical channels. For this purpose, based on various proposals of the present invention, any one of the setting process of various configuration information for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation process is performed.

[0281] FIG. 19 illustrates a wireless device applicable to the present invention.

[0282] Referring to FIG. 19, the first wireless device 100 and the second wireless device 200 transmit and receive wireless signals by various wireless connection technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device 100, the second wireless device 200} corresponds to {the wireless device 100x, the base station 200} and / or {the wireless device 100x, the wireless device 100x} in FIG. 18.

[0283] The first wireless device 100 includes one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and further includes one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processor 102 controls the memory 104 and / or the transceiver 106, and is configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification. For example, after the processor 102 processes the information in the memory 104 to generate a first piece of information / signal, the transceiver 106 transmits a wireless signal including the first piece of information / signal. Also, after the processor 102 receives a wireless signal including a second piece of information / signal by the transceiver 106, the information obtained from the signal processing of the second piece of information / signal is stored in the memory 104. The memory 104 is connected to the processor 102 and stores various information related to the operation of the processor 102. For example, the memory 104 stores software code including instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor 102, or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification. Here, the processor 102 and the memory 104 are part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver 106 is connected to the processor 102 and transmits and / or receives wireless signals through one or more antennas 108. The transceiver 106 includes a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 106 can also be used interchangeably with an RF (radio Frequency) unit. In the present invention, the wireless device can also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0284] The second wireless device 200 includes one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204, and further includes one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processor 202 controls the memory 204 and / or the transceiver 206, and is configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification. For example, after the processor 202 processes the information in the memory 204 to generate third information / signal, the transceiver 206 transmits a wireless signal including the third information / signal. Also, after the processor 202 receives a wireless signal including fourth information / signal by the transceiver 206, the information obtained from the signal processing of the fourth information / signal is stored in the memory 204. The memory 204 is connected to the processor 202 and stores various information related to the operation of the processor 202. For example, the memory 204 stores software code that performs some or all of the processes controlled by the processor 202, or includes instructions for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification. Here, the processor 202 and the memory 204 are part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver 206 is connected to the processor 202 and transmits and / or receives wireless signals through one or more antennas 208. The transceiver 206 includes a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 206 can also be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present invention, the wireless device can also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0285] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers are implemented by one or more processors 102 and 202. For example, one or more processors 102 and 202 implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors 102 and 202 generate one or more PDUs (Protocol Data Units) and / or one or more SDUs (Service Data Units) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification. One or more processors 102 and 202 generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification. One or more processors 102 and 202 generate a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) including a PDU, an SDU, a message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this specification and provide it to one or more transceivers 106 and 206. One or more processors 102 and 202 receive a signal (e.g., a baseband signal) from one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and can obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification.

[0286] One or more processors 102, 202 are also referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors 102, 202 are implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or more ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuits), one or more DSPs (Digital Signal Processors), one or more DSPDs (Digital Signal Processing Devices), one or more PLDs (Programmable Logic Devices), or one or more FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) are included in one or more processors 102, 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification are implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software is implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, and the like. The firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification is included in one or more processors 102, 202, or stored in one or more memories 104, 204 and driven by one or more processors 102, 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification are implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instruction, and / or set of instructions.

[0287] One or more memories 104, 204 are connected to one or more processors 102, 202 and can store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories 104, 204 are composed of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drive, register, cache memory, computer-readable storage medium, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories 104, 204 are located inside and / or outside the one or more processors 102, 202. Also, the one or more memories 104, 204 are connected to the one or more processors 102, 202 by various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0288] One or more transceivers 106, 206 can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. mentioned in this specification, such as in a method and / or flowchart, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106, 206 can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106, 206 are connected to one or more processors 102, 202 and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors 102, 202 can control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Also, one or more processors 102, 202 can control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Also, one or more transceivers 106, 206 are connected to one or more antennas 108, 208, and one or more transceivers 106, 206 are configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification by one or more antennas 108, 208. In this specification, one or more antennas are multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106, 206 convert the received wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals (Convert) in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors 102, 202. One or more transceivers 106, 206 convert the user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors 102, 202 from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers 106, 206 include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0289] FIG. 20 shows another example of a wireless device to which the present invention is applied. The wireless device is embodied in various forms depending on the usage example / service (see FIG. 18).

[0290] Referring to FIG. 20, wireless devices 100 and 200 correspond to the wireless devices 100 and 200 of FIG. 19 and are composed of various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, wireless devices 100 and 200 include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, and additional elements 140. The communication unit includes a communication circuit 112 and a transceiver 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 includes one or more processors 102, 202 and / or one or more memories 104, 204 in FIG. 19. For example, the transceiver 114 includes one or more transceivers 106, 206 and / or one or more antennas 108, 208 of FIG. 19. The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory unit 130, and the additional elements 140 and controls various operations of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 120 controls the electrical / mechanical operations of the wireless device based on programs / codes / instructions / information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 also transmits the information stored in the memory unit 130 to the outside (e.g., other communication devices) through a wireless / wired interface by the communication unit 110, or stores the information received from the outside (e.g., other communication devices) through a wireless / wired interface by the communication unit 110 in the memory unit 130.

[0291] The additional element 140 is configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element 140 includes any one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a drive unit, and a computer unit. Without being limited thereto, the wireless device is embodied in forms such as a robot (FIG. 18, 100a), a vehicle (FIG. 18, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (FIG. 18, 100c), a portable device (FIG. 18, 100d), a household appliance (FIG. 18, 100e), an IoT device (FIG. 18, 100f), a digital broadcast terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (FIG. 18, 400), a base station (FIG. 18, 200), and a network node. The wireless device is movable depending on the usage example / service or is used at a fixed location.

[0292] In FIG. 20, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless devices 100 and 200 are all connected to each other by a wired interface or at least some of them are wirelessly connected by the communication unit 110. For example, within the wireless devices 100 and 200, the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 are wired-connected, and the control unit 120 and the first unit (for example, 130, 140 are wirelessly connected by the communication unit 110. Also, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless devices 100 and 200 further includes one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 is composed of a set of one or more processors. For example, the control unit 120 is composed of a set including a communication control processor, an application processor, an ECU (Electronic control Unit), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, and the like. As another example, the memory unit 130 is composed of a RAM (Random Access Memory), a DRAM (Dynamic RAM), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0293] FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a vehicle or an autonomous vehicle to which the present invention is applied. The vehicle or the autonomous vehicle is embodied as a mobile robot, a vehicle, a train, an aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, or the like.

[0294] One or more memories 104, 204 are connected to one or more processors 102, 202 and can store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories 104, 204 are constituted by a ROM, a RAM, an EPROM, a flash memory, a hard drive, a register, a cache memory, a computer-readable storage medium, and / or a combination thereof. The one or more memories 104, 204 are located inside and / or outside the one or more processors 102, 202. Also, the one or more memories 104, 204 are connected to the one or more processors 102, 202 by various techniques such as a wired or wireless connection.

[0295] One or more transceivers 106, 206 can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. mentioned in this specification, such as in methods and / or flowcharts, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106, 206 can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106, 206 are connected to one or more processors 102, 202 and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors 102, 202 can control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Also, one or more processors 102, 202 can control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Also, one or more transceivers 106, 206 are connected to one or more antennas 108, 208, and one or more transceivers 106, 206 are configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification by one or more antennas 108, 208. In this specification, one or more antennas are multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers 106, 206 convert received wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals (Convert) in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors 102, 202. One or more transceivers 106, 206 convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors 102, 202 from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers 106, 206 include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0296] FIG. 20 shows another example of a wireless device to which the present invention is applied. The wireless device is embodied in various forms depending on the usage example / service (see FIG. 18).

[0297] Referring to FIG. 20, the wireless devices 100 and 200 correspond to the wireless devices 100 and 200 in FIG. 19 and are composed of various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, the wireless devices 100 and 200 include a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, and additional elements 140. The communication unit includes a communication circuit 112 and a transceiver 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 includes one or more processors 102 and 202 and / or one or more memories 104 and 204 in FIG. 19. For example, the transceiver 114 includes one or more transceivers 106 and 206 and / or one or more antennas 108 and 208 in FIG. 19. The control unit 120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memory unit 130, and the additional elements 140 and controls various operations of the wireless device. For example, the control unit 120 controls the electrical / mechanical operations of the wireless device based on programs / codes / instructions / information stored in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 also transmits the information stored in the memory unit 130 to the outside (e.g., other communication devices) through a wireless / wired interface by the communication unit 110, or stores the information received from the outside (e.g., other communication devices) through a wireless / wired interface by the communication unit 110 in the memory unit 130.

[0298] The additional element 140 is configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element 140 includes any one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a drive unit, and a computer unit. Without being limited thereto, the wireless device is embodied in forms such as a robot (FIG. 18, 100a), a vehicle (FIG. 18, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (FIG. 18, 100c), a portable device (FIG. 18, 100d), a home appliance (FIG. 18, 100e), an IoT device (FIG. 18, 100f), a digital broadcast terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (FIG. 18, 400), a base station (FIG. 18, 200), and a network node. The wireless device is movable depending on the usage example / service or is used at a fixed location.

[0299] In FIG. 20, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless devices 100 and 200 are all connected to each other by a wired interface or at least a part thereof is wirelessly connected by the communication unit 110. For example, within the wireless devices 100 and 200, the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 are wired-connected, and the control unit 120 and the first unit (for example, 130, 140) are wirelessly connected by the communication unit 110. Each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless devices 100 and 200 further includes one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120 is composed of a set of one or more processors. For example, the control unit 120 is composed of a set such as a communication control processor, an application processor, an ECU (Electronic Control Unit), a graphics processing processor, and a memory control processor. As another example, the memory unit 130 is composed of a RAM (Random Access Memory), a DRAM (Dynamic RAM), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0300] FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating a vehicle or an autonomous vehicle to which the present invention is applied. The vehicle or the autonomous vehicle is embodied as a mobile robot, a vehicle, a train, an aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, or the like.

[0301] Referring to FIG. 21, the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle 100 includes an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a driving unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140d. The antenna unit 108 is configured as a part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d respectively correspond to blocks 110 / 130 / 140 in FIG. 20.

[0302] The communication unit 110 transmits and receives signals (such as data, control signals, etc.) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, roadside units, etc.), and servers. The control unit 120 controls the elements of the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 to perform various operations. The control unit 120 includes an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The drive unit 140a causes the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 to travel on the ground. The drive unit 140a includes an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, brakes, a steering device, and the like. The power supply unit 140b supplies power to the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like. The sensor unit 140c can obtain vehicle state, surrounding environment information, user information, and the like. The sensor unit 140c includes an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an inclination sensor, a weight sensing sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, and the like. The autonomous driving unit 140d implements technologies such as maintaining the lane during driving, automatically adjusting the speed like an adaptive cruise control, automatically driving along a predetermined route, and automatically setting and driving along a route when a destination is set.

[0303] As an example, the communication unit 110 receives map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 140d generates an autonomous driving route and a drive plan based on the obtained data. The control unit 120 controls the driving unit 140a so that the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 moves along the autonomous driving route according to the drive plan (for example, speed / direction adjustment). The communication unit 110 periodically obtains the latest traffic information data from the external server during autonomous driving, and also obtains the surrounding traffic information data from the surrounding vehicles. Further, the sensor unit 140c obtains the vehicle state and the surrounding environment information during autonomous driving. The autonomous driving unit 140d updates the autonomous driving route and the drive plan based on the newly obtained data / information. The communication unit 110 transmits information regarding the vehicle position, the autonomous driving route, the drive plan, etc. to the external server. The external server can predict the traffic information data in advance using AI technology, etc. based on the information collected from the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle.

[0304] In the above-described embodiments, the components and features of the present invention are combined in a predetermined form. Each component or feature should be considered as optional unless there is a separate explicit mention. Each component or feature can be implemented in a form that is not combined with other components or features. Also, it is possible to combine some components and / or features to form an embodiment of the present invention. The order of each operation described in the embodiments of the present invention can be changed. Some configurations and features of any one embodiment can be included in other embodiments, or can be replaced with corresponding configurations or features of other embodiments. It is obvious that embodiments can be constituted by combining claims without an explicit citation relationship in the claims, or can be included as new claims by amendment after filing.

[0305] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the features of the present invention. Therefore, the above detailed description should not be construed restrictively in all aspects and should be considered as exemplary. The scope of the present invention must be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all changes within the equivalent scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

Industrial Applicability

[0306] The present invention can be used in terminals, base stations or other equipment of a wireless mobile communication system.

Claims

1. In a wireless communication system, a method for a UE (User Equipment) to transmit predicted CSI (Channel Status Information) to a BS (Base Station), comprising: receiving at least one CMR (Channel Measurement Resource) from the BS; calculating a PMI (Precoding Matrix Index) for two or more time instances based on the at least one CMR; calculating a first CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) for a first time instance based on the PMI for the first time instance among the two or more time instances; calculating a second CQI for a second time instance based on the PMI for the second time instance among the two or more time instances; transmitting the predicted CSI including the first CQI and the second CQI to the BS, wherein the second time instance is determined based on the number of the time instances. A method for transmitting predicted CSI.

2. The second CQI is calculated as a difference equivalent value from the first CQI. The method for reporting predicted CSI according to Claim 1.

3. When there are a plurality of the CMRs, it is assumed that the ratio of the received power of the PDSCH comparison for the plurality of CMRs is the same. The method for reporting predicted CSI according to Claim 1.

4. The method further includes compressing the PMI for the two or more time instances based on a TD (Time Domain) compression codebook, wherein the predicted CSI includes the compressed PMI. The method for reporting predicted CSI according to Claim 1.

5. Among the two or more time instances, at least one time instance is a time instance after the reporting time of the CSI. The method for reporting predicted CSI according to Claim 1.

6. The first CQI and the second CQI are separately encoded and transmitted to the BS at different reporting instances. The method for reporting predicted CSI according to Claim 1.

7. The first CQI is encoded and included in part 1 CSI, The second CQI is encoded and included in part 2 CSI, The predicted CSI reporting method according to claim 6.

8. Further comprising the step of receiving information regarding the number of CQIs reported from the BS, The predicted CSI reporting method according to claim 1.

9. In a wireless communication system, a UE (User Equipment), At least one transceiver, At least one processor, At least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations, the operations including: Receiving at least one CMR (Channel Measurement Resource) from a BS (Base Station), Calculating a PMI (Precoding Matrix Index) for two or more time instances based on the at least one CMR, Calculating a first CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) for a first time instance based on the PMI for the first time instance among the two or more time instances, Calculating a second CQI for a second time instance based on the PMI for the second time instance among the two or more time instances, Transmitting predicted CSI (Channel Status Information) including the first CQI and the second CQI to the BS, The second time instance is Determined based on the number of the time instances, UE.

10. The second CQI is calculated as a difference value from the first CQI, The UE according to claim 9.

11. When there are a plurality of the CMRs, It is assumed that the ratio of the received power of the PDSCH comparison for the plurality of CMRs is the same, The UE according to claim 9.

12. The operations are further comprising the step of compressing the PMI for the two or more time instances based on a TD (Time Domain) compression codebook, wherein the predicted CSI includes the compressed PMI, The UE according to claim 9.

13. Among the two or more time instances, at least one time instance is a time instance after the reporting time of the CSI, The UE according to claim 9.

14. The first CQI and the second CQI are separately encoded and transmitted by the BS in different reporting instances, The UE according to claim 9.

15. The first CQI is encoded and included in part 1 CSI, The second CQI is encoded and included in part 2 CSI, The UE according to claim 14.

16. The operation further comprises the step of receiving information regarding the number of CQIs reported from the BS, The UE according to claim 9.

17. In a wireless communication system, a processing device comprising at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations for a UE (User Equipment), the operations comprising receiving at least one CMR (Channel Measurement Resource) from a BS (Base Station); calculating a PMI (Precoding Matrix Index) for two or more time instances based on the at least one CMR; calculating a first CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) for a first time instance based on the PMI for the first time instance among the two or more time instances; calculating a second CQI for a second time instance based on the PMI for the second time instance among the two or more time instances; transmitting predicted CSI (Channel Status Information) including the first CQI and the second CQI to the BS; The second time instance is characterized in that it is determined based on the number of the time instances, a processing device. [

18. ] A computer-readable storage medium, wherein the storage medium stores at least one program code which, when executed, causes at least one processor to perform operations for a UE (User Equipment), and the operations include receiving at least one CMR (Channel Measurement Resource) from a BS (Base Station); calculating a PMI (Precoding Matrix Index) for two or more time instances based on the at least one CMR; calculating a first CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) for the first time instance based on the PMI for the first time instance among the two or more time instances; calculating a second CQI for the second time instance based on the PMI for the second time instance among the two or more time instances; transmitting predicted CSI (Channel Status Information) including the first CQI and the second CQI to the BS; The second time instance is characterized in that it is determined based on the number of the time instances, a storage medium.

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