Relay UE operation method related to ID setting, etc. in UE-to-UE relay in wireless communication system

Abstract

One embodiment of the present invention is a method for operating a relay UE (User Equipment) associated with a UE-to-UE relay in a wireless communication system, the method including: the relay UE establishing a connection for UE-to-UE relay between a source remote UE and a target remote UE; the relay UE receiving a first message to be sent from the source remote UE to the target remote UE; and the relay UE sending a second message based on the first message to the target remote UE, wherein an adaptation layer header of the first message received from the source remote UE includes ID information identifying the target remote UE, and an adaptation layer header of a second message to be transmitted to the target remote UE includes ID information identifying the source UE.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The following description relates to wireless communication systems, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for operating a relay UE related to ID configuration in a UE-to-UE relay. [Background technology]

[0002] Wireless communication systems use various radio access technologies (RATs) such as LTE, LTE-A, and WiFi, including 5G. The three main areas of 5G requirements are (1) enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), (2) massive machine-type communication (mMTC), and (3) ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC). Some use cases require multiple areas for optimization, while others can focus on only one key performance indicator (KPI). 5G aims to support these various use cases in a flexible and reliable manner.

[0003] eMBB goes beyond basic mobile Internet access to cover rich two-way work, cloud, and augmented reality media and entertainment applications. Data is one of the core drivers of 5G, and for the first time in the 5G era, dedicated voice services will not be seen. In 5G, voice is expected to be handled solely as an application using the data connection provided by the communications system. The primary causes of increased traffic volume are the increasing content size and the growing number of applications requiring high data transmission rates. Streaming services (audio and video), conversational video, and mobile Internet connections will become more widespread as more devices connect to the Internet. These applications require always-on connectivity to push real-time information and notifications to users. Cloud storage and applications are rapidly increasing on mobile communication platforms, applicable to both work and entertainment. Cloud storage is a particular use case driving growth in uplink data transmission rates. 5G will also be used for cloud remote work, which requires very low end-to-end latency to maintain a superior user experience when haptic interfaces are used. Entertainment, such as cloud gaming and video streaming, is another key driver of increased demand for mobile broadband capabilities. Entertainment is essential on smartphones and tablets everywhere, including in highly mobile environments such as trains, cars, and airplanes. Further use cases include augmented reality and information search for entertainment, where augmented reality requires very low latency and instantaneous data volume.

[0004] One of the most anticipated use cases for 5G is its ability to seamlessly connect embedded sensors across all sectors, or mMTC. It is predicted that there will be 20.4 billion potential IoT devices by 2020. Industrial IoT is one area where 5G will play a key role in enabling smart cities, asset tracking, smart utilities, agriculture, and security infrastructure.

[0005] URLLC includes new services that will transform industries with ultra-reliable / available low-latency links, such as remote control of key infrastructure and self-driving vehicles. Reliability and latency levels are essential for smart grid control, industrial automation, robotics, and drone control and coordination.

[0006] A number of use cases will now be described in more detail.

[0007] 5G is a means of delivering streams rated at hundreds of megabits per second to gigabits per second, complementing fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (or DOCSIS). Such high speeds are required not only for virtual reality and augmented reality, but also for transmitting TV at resolutions above 4K (6K, 8K, and beyond). Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications include nearly immersive sports competitions. Certain applications may require special network configurations. For example, VR games require game makers to integrate core servers with network operators' edge network servers to minimize latency.

[0008] Automotive is expected to be a key new driver of 5G, with many use cases for mobile communications in vehicles. For example, passenger entertainment requires high concurrent capacity and highly mobile broadband because future users expect high-quality connectivity regardless of their location or speed. Another example in the automotive field is the augmented reality dashboard, which identifies objects in the dark and overlays information on the driver's windshield, informing them of their distance and movement. Future wireless modules will enable vehicle-to-vehicle communication, information exchange between vehicles and supporting infrastructure, and information exchange between vehicles and other connected devices (e.g., devices accompanied by pedestrians). Safety systems can reduce the risk of accidents by providing drivers with alternative routes of action for safer driving. The next step will be remotely piloted, or self-driven vehicles, which require extremely reliable and fast communication between different autonomous vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure. In the future, autonomous vehicles will perform all driving activities, leaving the driver to focus only on traffic anomalies that the vehicle itself cannot identify. The technical requirements of autonomous vehicles demand ultra-low latency and ultra-high speed reliability to increase traffic safety to levels unattainable by humans.

[0009] Smart cities and smart homes, also referred to as smart societies, are embedded in dense wireless sensor networks. A distributed network of intelligent sensors identifies requirements for cost- and energy-efficient maintenance of a city or home. A similar configuration is made for each home: temperature sensors, window and heating controls, burglar alarms, and appliances are all wirelessly linked. Most such sensors typically have low data transmission rates, low power, and low cost. However, real-time HD video, for example, is required for certain types of devices for surveillance.

[0010] The consumption and distribution of energy, including heat and gas, is highly decentralized, requiring automated control of distributed sensor networks. A smart grid interconnects such sensors using digital information and communication technologies to collect and act on information. This information includes supplier and consumer behavior, allowing the smart grid to improve the efficiency, reliability, economy, sustainability of production, and distribution of fuels, such as electricity, in an automated manner. A smart grid can be viewed as another sensor network with low latency.

[0011] The health sector has many applications that benefit from mobile communications. Communications systems support telemedicine, providing clinical care over long distances. This overcomes the barrier of distance and improves access to medical services that are not sustainably available in remote rural areas. It can also be used to save lives in critical care and emergency situations. Mobile-based wireless sensor networks can provide remote monitoring and sensing of parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.

[0012] Wireless and mobile communications are becoming increasingly important in industrial applications. Wiring is expensive to install and maintain. Therefore, the possibility of replacing cables with wireless links by reconfiguring them is an attractive opportunity in many industrial sectors. However, achieving this requires that wireless links operate with cable-like latency, reliability, and capacity, while also being easy to manage. Low latency and very low error rates are new requirements that need to be coupled with 5G.

[0013] Logistics and freight tracking are important use cases for mobile communications, using location-based information systems to enable inventory and package tracking anywhere. Logistics and freight tracking use cases typically require low data rates, but require wide range and reliable location information.

[0014] Wireless communication systems are multiple access systems that support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, etc.) Examples of multiple access systems include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and multi carrier frequency division multiple access (MC-FDMA) systems.

[0015] Sidelink (SL) is a communication method that establishes a direct link between terminals (User Equipment, UE) and directly transmits voice or data between terminals without going through a base station (BS). SL is one solution to alleviate the burden on base stations due to the rapidly increasing data traffic.

[0016] V2X (vehicle-to-everything) refers to a communication technology that exchanges information with other vehicles, pedestrians, and infrastructure-based objects via wired or wireless communication. V2X is divided into four types: V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), V2N (vehicle-to-network), and V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian). V2X communication is provided via the PC5 interface and / or Uu interface.

[0017] Meanwhile, as more communication devices require greater communication capacity, there is an emerging need for improved mobile broadband communication compared to existing radio access technologies (RATs). This has led to discussions about communication systems that take into account reliability- and latency-sensitive services or terminals. Next-generation wireless access technologies that take into account such improved mobile broadband communication, massive MTC, and Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication (URLLC) are called new radio access technologies (RATs) or new radios (NRs). NRs can also support vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication.

[0018] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a comparison between V2X communication based on a RAT prior to NR and V2X communication based on NR.

[0019] In relation to V2X communication, RATs prior to NR have discussed methods for providing safety services based on V2X messages such as Basic Safety Message (BSM), Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM), and Decentralized Environmental Notification Message (DENM). V2X messages include location information, dynamic information, attribute information, etc. For example, a terminal can send a periodic message type CAM and / or an event-triggered message type DENM to another terminal.

[0020] For example, the CAM includes basic vehicle information such as vehicle dynamic status information such as direction and speed, vehicle static data such as dimensions, exterior lighting status, and route details. For example, a terminal can broadcast the CAM, and the delay of the CAM is less than 100 ms. For example, if an emergency situation such as a vehicle breakdown or accident occurs, the terminal can generate a DENM and transmit it to other terminals. For example, all vehicles within the transmission range of the terminal can receive the CAM and / or the DENM. In this case, the DENM has a higher priority than the CAM.

[0021] Subsequently, various V2X scenarios related to V2X communication have been defined in NR, including vehicle platooning, enhanced driving, extended sensors, remote driving, etc.

[0022] For example, based on platooning vehicles, vehicles dynamically form groups and move together. For example, to perform platooning operations based on platooning vehicles, vehicles belonging to the group receive periodic data from a lead vehicle. For example, the vehicles belonging to the group can use the periodic data to decrease or increase the spacing between vehicles.

[0023] For example, based on enhanced driving, vehicles may be semi-automated or fully automated. Each vehicle may adjust its trajectories or maneuvers based on data obtained from local sensors of nearby vehicles and / or nearby logical entities. For example, each vehicle may share driving intentions with nearby vehicles.

[0024] For example, based on the extended sensor, raw data, processed data, or live video data obtained by local sensors can be exchanged between vehicles, logic elements, pedestrian terminals, and / or V2X application servers. Thus, for example, a vehicle can recognize an environment that is more enhanced than the environment it can sense using its own sensors.

[0025] For example, based on remote driving, a remote driver or V2X application can operate or control a remote vehicle for a person who cannot drive or for a remote vehicle located in a dangerous environment. For example, when the route is predictable, such as in public transportation, cloud computing-based driving can be used to operate or control the remote vehicle. For example, a connection to a cloud-based back-end service platform can be considered for remote driving.

[0026] Meanwhile, methods to specify service requirements for various V2X scenarios, such as platooning vehicles, improved driving, extended sensors, and remote driving, are being discussed for NR-based V2X communications. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0027] The present disclosure addresses the technical problem of ID setting in UE-to-UE relay. [Means for solving the problem]

[0028] One embodiment is a method for operating a relay UE (User Equipment) associated with a UE-to-UE relay in a wireless communication system, the method including: the relay UE establishing a connection for UE-to-UE relay between a source remote UE and a target remote UE; the relay UE receiving a first message from the source remote UE to send to the target remote UE; and the relay UE sending a second message based on the first message to the target remote UE, wherein an adaptation layer header of the first message received from the source remote UE includes ID information identifying the target remote UE, and an adaptation layer header of a second message to be transmitted to the target remote UE includes ID information identifying the source UE.

[0029] One embodiment is a relay UE (User Equipment) associated with a UE (User Equipment)-to-UE relay in a wireless communication system, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operably connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations, the operations including: establishing a connection for a UE-to-UE relay between a source remote UE and a target remote UE; receiving a first message from the source remote UE to send to the target remote UE; and sending a second message based on the first message to the target remote UE, wherein an adaptation layer header of the first message received from the source remote UE includes ID information identifying the target remote UE, and an adaptation layer header of a second message to be transmitted to the target remote UE includes ID information identifying the source UE.

[0030] One embodiment provides a processing device in a wireless communication system, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory operatively connected to the at least one processor, storing at least one instruction word that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to perform operations including: establishing a connection for UE-to-UE relay between a source remote UE and a target remote UE; receiving a first message from the source remote UE to send to the target remote UE; and sending a second message based on the first message to the target remote UE, wherein an adaptation layer header of the first message received from the source remote UE includes ID information identifying the target remote UE, and an adaptation layer header of a second message to be transmitted to the target remote UE includes ID information identifying the source UE.

[0031] One embodiment is a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium storing at least one computer program including instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations for a relay UE, the operations including establishing a connection for UE-to-UE relay between a source remote UE and a target remote UE, receiving a first message from the source remote UE to send to the target remote UE, and sending a second message based on the first message to the target remote UE, wherein an adaptation layer header of the first message received from the source remote UE includes ID information identifying the target remote UE, and an adaptation layer header of a second message to be conveyed to the target remote UE includes ID information identifying the source UE.

[0032] The method, wherein the ID information identifying the target remote UE and the ID information identifying the source UE are determined by the relay UE.

[0033] A method, wherein ID information identifying the target remote UE and ID information identifying the source UE are the same value.

[0034] The method, wherein the same value is an ID that identifies a pair of the target remote UE and the source UE.

[0035] A method, wherein ID information identifying the target remote UE and ID information identifying the source UE are different values.

[0036] The method, wherein the different values are a first ID identifying the target remote UE and a second ID identifying the source UE, respectively.

[0037] The method, wherein the first message is a Direct Communication Request (DCR) message.

[0038] The method, wherein an SRC L2 ID (source layer 2 ID) of a MAC PDU of the first message is the L2 ID of the source remote UE, and a DST L2 ID (destination layer 2 ID) is the L2 ID of the relay UE.

[0039] The method, wherein the SRC L2 ID of the MAC PDU of the second message is the L2 ID of the relay UE, and the DST L2 ID is the L2 ID of the target remote UE.

[0040] The relay UE communicates with at least one of another UE, a UE associated with an autonomous vehicle, a base station, or a network. [Effects of the Invention]

[0041] According to one embodiment, it is possible to solve the problem that it is not possible to determine which UE a transmitted or received signal is from or to which UE it is intended to be transmitted to in a UE-to-UE relay operation using the SRC L2 ID and DST L2 ID used in the conventional MAC layer. Also, by transmitting data with the ID included in the header of the adaptation layer, it is possible to reduce header overhead during communication between the source relay UE and the target relay UE. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0042] The drawings accompanying this specification are provided to aid in understanding the embodiments, illustrate various embodiments, and together with the description serve to explain the principles.

[0043] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a comparison between V2X communication based on a RAT prior to NR and V2X communication based on NR. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 illustrates the structure of an LTE system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 illustrates a radio protocol architecture for the user plane and control plane according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 illustrates the structure of an NR system according to one embodiment of this disclosure. [Figure 5] FIG. 1 illustrates a functional division between NG-RAN and 5GC according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a structure of an NR radio frame to which an embodiment can be applied. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 illustrates a slot structure of an NR frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 illustrates a radio protocol architecture for SL communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 9]FIG. 1 illustrates a radio protocol architecture for SL communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 illustrates a V2X synchronization source or synchronization reference according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a procedure in which a terminal performs V2X or SL communication depending on a transmission mode according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 12] FIG. 1 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform path switching according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 13] FIG. 1 illustrates switching from a direct path to an indirect path. [Figure 14] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining UE-to-UE relay selection. [Figure 15] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining UE-to-UE relay selection. [Figure 16] FIG. 1 illustrates a protocol stack for UE-to-UE relay. [Figure 17] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment. [Figure 18] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment. [Figure 19] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment. [Figure 20] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment. [Figure 21] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment. [Figure 22] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment. [Figure 23] FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment. [Figure 24] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating various devices to which the embodiment can be applied. [Figure 25] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating various devices to which the embodiment can be applied. [Figure 26]1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating various devices to which the embodiment can be applied. [Figure 27] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating various devices to which the embodiment can be applied. [Figure 28] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating various devices to which the embodiment can be applied. [Figure 29] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating various devices to which the embodiment can be applied. [Figure 30] 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating various devices to which the embodiment can be applied. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0044] In various embodiments of the present invention, " / " and "," indicate "and / or." For example, "A / B" means "A and / or B." Also, "A, B" means "A and / or B." "A / B / C" means "any one of A, B and / or C." Also, "A, B, C" means "any one of A, B and / or C."

[0045] In various embodiments of the present invention, "or" denotes "and / or." For example, "A or B" includes "A only," "B only," and / or "both A and B." In other words, "or" can be interpreted as "also or alternatively."

[0046] The following technologies can be used for various wireless access systems, such as CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access), TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access), OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access), and SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access). CDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as UTRA (Universal Terrestrial Radio Access) and CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as GSM (Global System for Mobile communications), GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), and EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution). OFDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as IEEE802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE802-20, and E-UTRA (Evolved UTRA). IEEE 802.16m is an evolution of IEEE 802.16e and provides backward compatibility with systems based on IEEE 802.16e. UTRA is part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3GPP (registered trademark) 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) LTE (long term evolution) is part of E-UMTS (Evolved UMTS) that uses E-UTRA and employs OFDMA on the downlink and SC-FDMA on the uplink. LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) is an evolution of 3GPP LTE.

[0047] 5G NR is the technology that follows LTE-A and is a new clean-slate mobile communication system with characteristics such as high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz to intermediate-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0048] For clearer explanation, the following description will be focused on LTE-A or 5G NR, but the technical idea according to an embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0049] 2 shows the structure of an LTE system according to one embodiment of the present invention, which is also called E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) or LTE (Long Term Evolution) / LTE-A system.

[0050] 2, the E-UTRAN includes a base station 20 that provides a control plane and a user plane to a terminal 10. The terminal 10 may be fixed or mobile, and may also be referred to as a mobile station (MS), user terminal (UT), subscriber station (SS), mobile terminal (MT), wireless device, etc. Generally, the base station 20 is a fixed station that communicates with the terminal 10, and may also be referred to as an evolved NodE-B (eNB), base transceiver system (BTS), access point (AP), etc.

[0051] The base stations 20 are connected to each other via the X2 interface. The base stations 20 are connected to the evolved packet core (EPC) 30 via the S1 interface, more specifically to the mobility management entity (MME) via the S1-MME, and to the serving gateway (S-GW) via the S1-U.

[0052] EPC 30 consists of MME, S-GW, and P-GW (Packet Data Network - Gateway). MME has information about terminal connection information and terminal capabilities, and such information is mainly used for terminal mobility management. S-GW is a gateway with E-UTRAN as its end point, and P-GW is a gateway with PDN (Packet Data Network) as its end point.

[0053] The radio interface protocol layers between a terminal and a network are classified into Layer 1 (L1), Layer 2 (L2), and Layer 3 (L3) based on the bottom three layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) reference model, which is well known in communication systems. Among them, the physical layer belonging to Layer 1 provides information transmission services using physical channels, and the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer belonging to Layer 3 controls radio resources between the terminal and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.

[0054] FIG. 3(a) illustrates the radio protocol architecture for the user plane according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 3(b) shows a radio protocol architecture for the control plane according to one embodiment of the present invention. The user plane is a protocol stack for user data transmission, and the control plane is a protocol stack for control signal transmission.

[0056] Referring to Figures 3(a) and A3, the physical layer provides information transmission services to higher layers using physical channels. The physical layer is connected to the higher layer, the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, via transport channels. Data moves between the MAC layer and the physical layer via the transport channels. Transport channels are classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the air interface.

[0057] Data travels between different physical layers, i.e., between the physical layers of a transmitter and a receiver, via physical channels. Physical channels are modulated using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and utilize time and frequency as radio resources.

[0058] The MAC layer provides services to the higher-level radio link control (RLC) layer via logical channels. The MAC layer provides a mapping function from multiple logical channels to multiple transmission channels. The MAC layer also provides a logical channel multiplexing function by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transmission channel. The MAC layer provides data transmission services on the logical channels.

[0059] The RLC layer performs concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs (Serving Data Units). To guarantee various Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for Radio Bearers (RBs), the RLC layer provides three operation modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0060] The Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer is responsible for controlling logical channels, transmission channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. RB refers to the logical path provided by Layer 1 (physical layer or PHY layer) and Layer 2 (MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) layer) for data transmission between the terminal and the network.

[0061] The functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane include user data transmission, header compression, and ciphering, while the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane include control plane data transmission and ciphering / integrity protection.

[0062] RB configuration refers to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service, and setting their specific parameters and operation methods. RBs are again divided into two types: SRBs (Signaling Radio Bearers) and DRBs (Data Radio Bearers). SRBs are used as paths for transmitting RRC messages in the control plane, and DRBs are used as paths for transmitting user data in the user plane.

[0063] If an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the terminal and the RRC layer of the E-UTRAN, the terminal enters the RRC_CONNECTED state; otherwise, it enters the RRC_IDLE state. In the case of NR, the RRC_INACTIVE state is further defined, and a terminal in the RRC_INACTIVE state maintains its connection with the core network but can release its connection with the base station.

[0064] Downlink transmission channels for transmitting data to terminals in a network include a BCH (Broadcast Channel) for transmitting system information and a downlink SCH (Shared Channel) for transmitting user traffic and control messages. Traffic or control messages of downlink multicast or block services are transmitted via the downlink SCH or via a separate downlink MCH (Multicast Channel). On the other hand, uplink transmission channels for transmitting data from terminals to a network include a RACH (Random Access Channel) for transmitting initial control messages and an uplink SCH (Shared Channel) for transmitting user traffic and control messages.

[0065] Logical channels that are above transmission channels and are mapped to transmission channels include BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel), PCCH (Paging Control Channel), CCCH (Common Control Channel), MCCH (Multicast Control Channel), and MTCH (Multicast Traffic Channel).

[0066] A physical channel consists of multiple OFDM symbols in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. One subframe consists of multiple OFDM symbols in the time domain. A resource block is a resource allocation unit consisting of multiple OFDM symbols and multiple subcarriers. Each subframe can use a specific subcarrier of a specific OFDM symbol (e.g., the first OFDM symbol) of the subframe for the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), i.e., the L1 / L2 control channel. A Transmission Time Interval (TTI) is the unit time for subframe transmission.

[0067] FIG. 4 shows the structure of an NR system according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0068] Referring to FIG. 4, a Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) includes a next generation Node BF cell (gNB) and / or eNB that provide user plane and control plane protocol termination for a terminal. FIG. 4 illustrates a case where only a gNB is included. The gNB and eNB are connected to each other via an Xn interface. The gNB and eNB are connected to a 5th generation core network (5G Core Network: 5GC) via an NG interface. More specifically, they are connected to an access and mobility management function (AMF) via an NG-C interface and to a user plane function (UPF) via an NG-U interface.

[0069] FIG. 5 illustrates the functional division between NG-RAN and 5GC according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0070] Referring to Figure 5, the gNB provides functions such as inter-cell radio resource management (Inter Cell RRM), radio bearer management (RB control), connection mobility control, radio admission control, measurement configuration & provision, and dynamic resource allocation. The AMF provides functions such as non-access stratum (NAS) security and idle state mobility handling. The UPF provides functions such as mobility anchoring and protocol data unit (PDU) processing. The session management function (SMF) provides functions such as terminal IP (Internet Protocol) address allocation and PDU section control.

[0071] FIG. 6 shows the structure of an NR radio frame to which an embodiment of the present invention can be applied.

[0072] Referring to Figure 6, in NR, radio frames are used for uplink and downlink transmission. A radio frame has a length of 10 ms and is defined by two 5 ms half-frames (HF). A half-frame includes five 1 ms subframes (SF). A subframe is divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe depends on the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot includes 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols depending on the cyclic prefix (CP).

[0073] When a normal CP is used, each slot contains 14 symbols. When an extended CP is used, each slot contains 12 symbols. Here, the symbols include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and SC-FDMA symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM symbols).

[0074] Table 1 shows the number of symbols per slot (N) depending on the SCS setting (μ) when a general CP is used. slot symbol ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) is shown below.

[0075] [Table 1]

[0076] Table 2 illustrates the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe according to the SCS when the extended CP is used.

[0077] [Table 2]

[0078] In an NR system, OFDM(A) pneumatology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) can be configured to be different among multiple cells merged into one UE, and thus the (absolute time) duration of time resources (e.g., subframes, slots, or TTIs) (commonly referred to as TUs (Time Units) for convenience) consisting of the same number of symbols can be configured to be different among the merged cells.

[0079] NR supports multiple pneumothoraxes or SCSs to support various 5G services. For example, a 15 kHz SCS supports wide areas in traditional cellular bands, while a 30 kHz / 60 kHz SCS supports dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidths. A 60 kHz or higher SCS supports bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0080] The NR frequency band is defined by two types of frequency ranges. The two types of frequency ranges are FR1 and FR2. The numerical values of the frequency ranges are variable. For example, the two types of frequency ranges are as shown in Table 3 below. Of the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 refers to the "sub 6 GHz range" and FR2 refers to the "above 6 GHz range," also known as millimeter wave (mmW).

[0081] [Table 3]

[0082] As mentioned above, the numerical values of the frequency range of the NR system can be changed. For example, FR1 includes the band from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz, as shown in Table 4 below. That is, FR1 includes frequency bands above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.). For example, the frequency bands above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) included in FR1 include unlicensed bands. Unlicensed bands are used for various purposes, such as communications for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0083] [Table 4]

[0084] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a slot structure of an NR frame according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0085] 7, a slot includes a plurality of symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of the general CP, one slot includes 14 symbols, but in the case of the extended CP, one slot includes 12 symbols. Alternatively, in the case of the general CP, one slot includes 7 symbols, but in the case of the extended CP, one slot includes 6 symbols.

[0086] A carrier includes multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB (Resource Block) is defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A BWP is defined as multiple consecutive PRBs (Physical RBs) in the frequency domain and corresponds to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier includes up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication is performed using activated BWPs. Each element in the resource grid is called a resource element (RE), and one complex symbol can be mapped to it.

[0087] Meanwhile, a wireless interface between terminals or a wireless interface between a terminal and a network is composed of an L1 layer, an L2 layer, and an L3 layer. In various embodiments of the present invention, the L1 layer refers to a physical layer. The L2 layer refers to, for example, any one of a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP layer, and an SDAP layer. The L3 layer refers to, for example, an RRC layer.

[0088] V2X or SL (sidelink) communication will be explained below.

[0089] Figure 8 shows a radio protocol architecture for SL communication according to one embodiment of the present invention. More specifically, Figure 8(a) shows the LTE user plane protocol stack, and Figure 8(b) shows the LTE control plane protocol stack.

[0090] Figure 9 illustrates a radio protocol architecture for SL communication according to one embodiment of the present invention. More specifically, Figure 9(a) illustrates the NR user plane protocol stack, and Figure 9(b) illustrates the NR control plane protocol stack.

[0091] FIG. 10 illustrates a V2X synchronization source or synchronization reference according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0092] 10, in V2X, a terminal is directly synchronized to a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), or indirectly synchronized to a GNSS by a terminal (inside or outside of network coverage) that is directly synchronized to the GNSS. When the GNSS is set as the synchronization source, the terminal calculates the Direct Frame Number (DFN) and subframe number using Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and a (pre-set) DFN offset.

[0093] Alternatively, the terminal may be directly synchronized to the base station or synchronized to another terminal that is time / frequency synchronized to the base station. For example, the base station may be an eNB or a gNB. For example, when the terminal is within the network coverage, the terminal receives synchronization information provided by the base station and is directly synchronized to the base station. The terminal then provides synchronization information to other neighboring terminals. When the base station timing is set as the synchronization reference, the terminal follows the cell (if within the cell coverage in frequency), primary cell, or serving cell (if out of the cell coverage in frequency) associated with the frequency for synchronization and downlink measurements.

[0094] The base station (e.g., serving cell) provides synchronization settings for the carrier used for V2X or SL communication. In this case, the terminal follows the synchronization settings received from the base station. If the terminal does not detect any cell on the carrier used for V2X or SL communication and does not receive synchronization settings from the serving cell, the terminal follows the preset synchronization settings.

[0095] Alternatively, the terminal may be synchronized to another terminal for which synchronization information cannot be obtained directly or indirectly from a base station or GNSS. The synchronization source and preference may be preset in the terminal, or may be set by a control message provided by the base station.

[0096] The SL synchronization source is associated with a synchronization priority. For example, the relationship between the synchronization source and the synchronization priority is defined as shown in Table 14 or Table 15. Table 5 or Table 6 is merely an example, and the relationship between the synchronization source and the synchronization priority can be defined in various ways.

[0097] [Table 5]

[0098] [Table 6]

[0099] In Table 5 or Table 6, P0 means the highest priority and P6 means the lowest priority. In Table 5 or Table 6, the base station includes at least one of a gNB or an eNB.

[0100] Whether GNSS-based or base station-based synchronization is used is (pre-configured). In single-carrier operation, the terminal derives its transmission timing from the available synchronization reference with the highest priority.

[0101] The SL synchronization signal (Sidelink Synchronization Signal, SLSS) and synchronization information will be described below.

[0102] The SLSS includes a Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal (PSSS) and a Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal (SSSS) as SL-specific sequences. The PSSS is called a Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal (S-PSS), and the SSSS is called a Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal (S-SSS). For example, length-127 M-sequences are used for the S-PSS, and length-127 Gold sequences are used for the S-SSS. For example, a terminal performs initial signal detection and acquires synchronization using the S-PSS. For example, a terminal acquires detailed synchronization and detects a synchronization signal ID using the S-PSS and S-SSS.

[0103] The PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) is a (broadcast) channel that transmits basic (system) information that a terminal must first know before transmitting or receiving an SL signal. For example, the basic information includes information about SLSS, duplex mode (DM), TDD UL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, information about the resource pool, the type of application related to SLSS, subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, to evaluate the performance of the PSBCH, in NR V2X, the payload size of the PSBCH is 56 bits including a 24-bit CRC.

[0104] The S-PSS, S-SSS, and PSBCH are included in a block format (e.g., an SL Synchronization Signal (SS) / PSBCH block, hereinafter referred to as an S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)) that supports periodic transmission. The S-SSB has the same pneumatics (i.e., SCS and CP length) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) in a carrier, and the transmission bandwidth is within a (pre-set) SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB is 11 RBs (Resource Blocks). For example, the PSBCH spans 11 RBs. In addition, the frequency location of the S-SSB is (pre-set). Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection in frequency to find the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0105] Meanwhile, in an NR SL system, multiple pneumothorologies with different SCS and / or CP lengths are supported. Here, as the SCS increases, the length of time resources for a transmitting terminal to transmit S-SSBs decreases. This reduces S-SSB coverage. Therefore, to ensure S-SSB coverage, a transmitting terminal transmits one or more S-SSBs to a receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period according to the SCS. For example, the number of S-SSBs that a transmitting terminal transmits to a receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period is pre-configured or configured in the transmitting terminal. For example, the S-SSB transmission period is 160 ms. For example, an S-SSB transmission period of 160 ms is supported for all SCSs.

[0106] For example, if the SCS is 15 kHz in FR1, the transmitting terminal transmits one or two S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, if the SCS is 30 kHz in FR1, the transmitting terminal transmits one or two S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period. For example, if the SCS is 60 kHz in FR1, the transmitting terminal transmits one, two, or four S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission period.

[0107] 11 illustrates a procedure in which a terminal performs V2X or SL communication according to a transmission mode according to one embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment of FIG. 11 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In various embodiments of the present invention, a transmission mode is also referred to as a mode or a resource allocation mode. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, a transmission mode in LTE is also referred to as an LTE transmission mode, and a transmission mode in NR is also referred to as an NR resource allocation mode.

[0108] For example, Figure 11(a) shows terminal operation related to LTE transmission mode 1 or LTE transmission mode 3. For example, Figure 11(a) shows terminal operation related to NR resource allocation mode 1. For example, LTE transmission mode 1 can be applied to general SL communication, and LTE transmission mode 3 can be applied to V2X communication.

[0109] For example, FIG. 11(b) illustrates terminal operation associated with LTE transmission mode 2 or LTE transmission mode 4. Or, for example, FIG. 11(b) illustrates terminal operation associated with NR resource allocation mode 2.

[0110] 11(a), in LTE transmission mode 1, LTE transmission mode 3, or NR resource allocation mode 1, a base station schedules SL resources to be used by a terminal for SL transmission. For example, in step S8000, the base station transmits information related to SL resources and / or information related to UL resources to a first terminal. For example, the UL resources include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, the UL resources are resources for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0111] For example, the first terminal receives information about DG (dynamic grant) resources and / or information about CG (configured grant) resources from the base station. For example, the CG resources include CG type 1 resources or CG type 2 resources. In this specification, the DG resources are resources that the base station configures / assigns to the first terminal via DCI (downlink control information). In this specification, the CG resources are (periodic) resources that the base station configures / assigns to the first terminal via DCI and / or RRC messages. For example, in the case of CG type 1 resources, the base station transmits an RRC message including information about the CG resources to the first terminal. For example, in the case of CG type 2 resources, the base station transmits an RRC message including information about the CG resources to the first terminal, and the base station transmits a DCI regarding activation or release of the CG resources to the first terminal.

[0112] In step S8010, the first terminal transmits a PSCCH (e.g., SCI (Sidelink Control Information) or 1st-stage SCI) to the second terminal based on resource scheduling. In step S8020, the first terminal transmits a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S8030, the first terminal receives a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal. For example, HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK information or ACK information) is received from the second terminal via the PSFCH. In step S8040, the first terminal transmits / reports the HARQ feedback information to the base station via the PUCCH or PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station is information generated by the first terminal based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second terminal. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station is information generated by the first terminal based on a preset rule. For example, the DCI is DCI for SL scheduling. For example, the format of the DCI is DCI format 3_0 or DCI format 3_1. Table 7 shows an example of DCI for SL scheduling.

[0113] [Table 7]

[0114] Referring to FIG. 11(b), in LTE transmission mode 2, LTE transmission mode 4, or NR resource allocation mode 2, a terminal determines SL transmission resources within SL resources configured by a base station / network or pre-configured SL resources. For example, the configured SL resources or pre-configured SL resources are a resource pool. For example, a terminal autonomously selects or schedules resources for SL transmission. For example, a terminal self-selects resources within a configured resource pool and performs SL communication. For example, a terminal performs sensing and resource (re)selection procedures and self-selects resources within a selection window. For example, this sensing is performed on a subchannel basis. For example, in step S8010, a first terminal that self-selects resources within a resource pool transmits a PSCCH (e.g., SCI (Sidelink Control Information) or 1st-stage SCI) to a second terminal using the resources. In step S8020, the first terminal transmits a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S8030, the first terminal receives a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal.

[0115] 11(a) or 11(b), for example, the first terminal transmits an SCI to the second terminal on the PSCCH. Or, for example, the first terminal transmits two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to the second terminal on the PSCCH and / or PSSCH. In this case, the second terminal decodes the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to receive the PSSCH from the first terminal. In this specification, the SCI transmitted on the PSCCH is referred to as the 1st SCI, the first SCI, the 1st-stage SCI, or the 1st-stage SCI format, and the SCI transmitted on the PSSCH is referred to as the 2nd SCI, the second SCI, the 2nd-stage SCI, or the 2nd-stage SCI format. For example, the 1st-stage SCI format includes SCI format 1-A, and the 2nd-stage SCI format includes SCI format 2-A and / or SCI format 2-B. Table 8 shows an example of the 1st-stage SCI format.

[0116] [Table 8]

[0117] Table 9 shows an example of the 2nd-stage SCI format.

[0118] [Table 9]

[0119] 11(a) or 11(b), in step S8030, the first terminal receives a PSFCH based on Table 10. For example, the first terminal and the second terminal determine a PSFCH resource based on Table 10, and the second terminal transmits HARQ feedback to the first terminal using the PSFCH resource.

[0120] [Table 10]

[0121] Referring to FIG. 11(a), in step S8040, the first terminal transmits SLHARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH according to Table 11.

[0122] [Table 11]

[0123] Meanwhile, the following Table 12 shows the contents regarding the selection and reselection of sidelink relay UEs disclosed in 3GPP TS 36.331. The contents of Table 12 are used as the prior art of the present invention, and the necessary details related thereto are referred to 3GPP TS 36.331.

[0124] [Table 12]

[0125] Figure 12 shows the connection management and direct to indirect path switching process captured in the TR document (3GPP TR 38.836) for Rel-17 NR SL. The remote UE must establish its own PDU session / DRB with the network before transmitting user plane data.

[0126] The PC5 unicast link setup procedure of the PC5-RRC aspect of Rel-16 NR V2X is reused to set up a secure unicast link for L2 UE-to-Network relaying between the remote UE and the relay UE before the remote UE establishes a Uu RRC connection with the network via the relay UE.

[0127] For both in-coverage and out-of-coverage, when the remote UE initiates the first RRC message for connection setup with the gNB, the PC5 L2 configuration for transmission between the remote UE and the UE-to-Network Relay UE is based on the RLC / MAC configuration defined in the standard. The establishment of the Uu SRB1 / SRB2 and DRB for the remote UE follows the legacy Uu configuration procedure for L2 UE-to-Network Relay.

[0128] The higher level connection setup procedure shown in FIG. 12 is applied to L2 UE-to-Network Relay.

[0129] In step S1200, the remote and relay UEs perform a discovery procedure and establish a PC5-RRC connection in step S1201 based on the conventional Rel-16 procedure.

[0130] In step S1202, the remote UE sends an initial RRC message (i.e., RRCSetupRequest) for connection setup with the gNB via the relay UE using the PC5 basic L2 configuration. The gNB responds with an RRC Setup message to the remote UE (S1203). The RRC Setup message transmission to the remote UE uses the PC5 basic configuration. If the relay UE does not start from RRC_CONNECTED, it needs to perform its own connection setup when it receives a message for the PC5 basic L2 configuration. In this step, details for the relay UE to transmit the RRCSetupRequest / RRCSetup message to the remote UE are discussed in the WI step.

[0131] In step S1204, the gNB and the relay UE perform a relay channel setup procedure via Uu. Depending on the configuration of the gNB, the relay / remote UE sets up an RLC channel to relay SRB1 to the remote UE via PC5. This step prepares the relay channel for SRB1.

[0132] In step S1205, a remote UE SRB1 message (e.g., an RRCSetupComplete message) is sent to the gNB via the relay UE using the SRB1 relay channel via PC5, and the remote UE is RRC connected via Uu.

[0133] In step S1206, the remote UE and the gNB establish security according to legacy procedures, and security messages are transmitted via the relay UE.

[0134] In step S1210, the gNB establishes an RLC channel between the gNB and the relay UE for traffic relay. Depending on the configuration of the gNB, the relay / remote UE establishes an RLC channel between the remote UE and the relay UE for traffic relay. The gNB sends RRCReconfiguration to the remote UE via the relay UE to establish a relay SRB2 / DRB. The remote UE sends RRCReconfigurationComplete to the gNB via the relay UE as a response.

[0135] In addition to the concatenation setup procedure, for L2 UE-to-Network Relay:

[0136] The RRC reconfiguration and RRC disconnection procedures reuse the legacy RRC procedures with the message content / configuration design remaining in the WI step.

[0137] The RRC connection re-establishment and RRC connection resumption procedures reuse the conventional RRC procedure as a baseline, taking into account the aforementioned L2 UE-to-Network Relay connection establishment procedure to handle relay-specific parts along with message content / configuration design. Message content / configuration will be defined in the future.

[0138] An example of a path switch from direct to indirect is shown in Figure 13. For service continuity of L2 UE-to-Network Relay, when a remote UE switches to an indirect relay UE, it follows the procedure in Figure 13.

[0139] 13, in step S1301, after the remote UE measures / discovers candidate relay UEs, the remote UE reports one or more candidate relay UEs. The remote UE filters suitable relay UEs that meet upper layer criteria when reporting. The report includes the relay UE ID and SL RSRP information, and details regarding PC5 measurement will be determined in the future.

[0140] In step S1302, the gNB decides to switch to the target relay UE, and a target (re)configuration is selectively sent to the relay UE.

[0141] In step S1304, the RRC reconfiguration message to the remote UE includes the ID of the target relay UE, the target Uu and the PC5 configuration.

[0142] In step S1305, if a connection has not been established yet, the remote UE establishes a connection between the target relay UE and PC5.

[0143] In step S1306, the remote UE uses the target configuration provided by RRCReconfiguration to feed back RRCReconfigurationComplete to the gNB via the target path.

[0144] In step S1307, the data path is switched.

[0145] Tables 13 to 16 are 3GPP technical reports related to UE-to-UE relay selection and are used as prior art for this disclosure. Fig. 14 in Table 14 and Fig. 15 in Table 16 correspond to Fig. 14 and Fig. 15, respectively.

[0146] [Table 13]

[0147] [Table 14]

[0148] [Table 15]

[0149] [Table 16]

[0150] Meanwhile, the protocol stack of the L2 UE-to-UE relay architecture is similar to that of the L2 UE-to-Network relay, with the only difference being that the termination points are two remote UEs. The user plane and control plane protocol stacks of the L2 UE-to-UE relay architecture are shown in Figure 16(a) and Figure 16(b), respectively.

[0151] For L2 UE-to-UE relay, an adaptation layer is supported on the second PC5 link (i.e., the PC5 link between the relay UE and the destination UE). For L2 UE-to-UE relay, the CP and UP adaptation layers are each located on the second PC5 RLC sublayer via the second PC5 link. Sidelink SDAP / PDCP and RRC terminate between the two remote UEs, while RLC, MAC, and PHY terminate on each PC5 link.

[0152] The following support is provided for the first hop of L2 UE-to-UE relay:

[0153] The first hop PC5 adaptation layer supports N:1 mapping between remote UE SL radio bearers and first hop PC5 RLC channels. The adaptation layer on the first PC5 hop between the source remote UE and the relay UE is used to distinguish between traffic bound for different destination remote UEs.

[0154] The following support is provided for the second hop of L2 UE-to-UE relay:

[0155] The PC5 adaptation layer at the second hop can support bearer mapping in the relay UE between an ingress RLC channel entering via the first PC5 hop and an egress RLC channel exiting via the second PC5 hop. The PC5 adaptation layer supports N:1 bearer mapping between multiple ingress PC5 RLC channels and one egress PC5 RLC channel via the second PC5 hop, and supports remote UE identification functionality.

[0156] In the case of L2 UE-to-UE relay, the radio bearers (identity information) between the remote UE ends are included in the adaptation layer of the first and second PC5 hops. The identity information of the source remote UE and / or destination remote UE is also a candidate for inclusion in the adaptation layer and is determined at the WI stage.

[0157] The following describes how to assign IDs and transmit data in UE-to-UE relay operation.

[0158] According to one embodiment, a relay UE establishes a connection for UE-to-UE relay between a source remote UE and a target remote UE (S1701 in FIG. 17), receives a first message to be transmitted to the target remote UE from the source remote UE (S1702), and transmits a second message based on the first message to the target remote UE (S1703). Here, an adaptation layer header of the first message received from the source remote UE includes ID information identifying the target remote UE, and an adaptation layer header of a second message to be transmitted to the target remote UE includes ID information identifying the source UE.

[0159] The ID information identifying the target remote UE and the ID information identifying the source UE are determined by the relay UE.

[0160] The ID information identifying the target remote UE and the ID information identifying the source UE are the same value. That is, the same value is a single ID that identifies the pair of the target remote UE and the source UE. That is, the ID values assigned to the source remote UE and the target remote UE are a single value determined by the pair of the source remote UE and the target remote UE. Here, the single ID is an ID different from the SRC L2 ID (source layer 2 ID) or DST L2 ID (destination layer 2 ID) used in the conventional MAC layer.

[0161] Alternatively, the ID information identifying the target remote UE and the ID information identifying the source UE are different values, where the different values are a first ID identifying the target remote UE and a second ID identifying the source UE, respectively.

[0162] According to the above-described embodiment, it is possible to solve the problem that the SRC L2 ID and DST L2 ID used in the conventional MAC layer do not allow determination of which UE a signal transmitted or received is from or to which UE it is intended in UE-to-UE relay operation.

[0163] More specifically, in the above-described embodiment, the SRC L2 ID of the MAC PDU of the first message is the L2 ID of the source remote UE, and the DST L2 ID is the L2 ID of the relay UE. The SRC L2 ID of the MAC PDU of the second message is the L2 ID of the relay UE, and the DST L2 ID is the L2 ID of the target remote UE. That is, as in the above-described embodiment, the MAC PDU of the message includes the SRC L2 ID of the sender and the DST L2 ID of the receiver. However, in a message transmitted from the source remote UE to the target relay UE via the relay UE, the SRC L2 ID of the MAC PDU is the L2 ID of the source remote UE, and the DST L2 ID includes the L2 ID of the relay UE. Therefore, the relay UE cannot determine from the MAC PDU ID alone that the final destination of the message is the target relay UE. Similarly, the target relay UE cannot determine from the MAC PDU ID alone that the initial transmission of the message is from the source remote UE, because it only knows the SRC L2 ID of the relay UE.

[0164] Therefore, as in the above-described embodiment, by including ID information identifying the target remote UE in the header of the adaptation layer of a message sent from the source remote UE to the relay UE, the relay UE can recognize / confirm that the final destination of the message is the target remote UE. Also, by including ID information identifying the source remote UE in the header of the adaptation layer of a message sent from the relay UE to the target remote UE, the target remote UE can recognize that the initial sender of the message is the source remote UE.

[0165] The above-mentioned embodiments will be described below with reference to Figures 18 to 22. In the following description, the L2 ID or local ID included in the header of the adaptation layer corresponds to the ID information identifying the target remote UE and the ID information identifying the source UE, and may be replaced with a single ID identifying the pair of the target remote UE and the source UE, or a first ID identifying the target remote UE and a second ID identifying the source UE.

[0166] In UE-to-UE relay operation, a DCR (Direct Communication Request) message broadcast by a source remote UE (and / or relay UE) is transmitted to a new SL-SRB0-like bearer for UE-to-UE relay operation, which differs from the conventional SL-SRB0. This is to allow the target remote UE (and / or relay UE) that receives the DCR message to recognize that the DCR message is for UE-to-UE relay operation. For the same reason, new SL-SRB1-like and SL-SRB2-like bearers are established for UE-to-UE relay operation for SL-SRB1 used for security and SL-SRB2 used to transmit PC5-S messages such as security and Direct Communication Accept (DCA), and the messages are transmitted to the newly established bearers. For the same reason, new SL-SRB3-like and SL-SRB4-like bearers are established for UE-to-UE relay operation for SL-SRB3 and SL-SRB4 messages. Messages sent by conventional SRB3 and SRB4 can be sent by SL-SRB3-like and SL-SRB4-like bearers if the information is for UE-to-UE relay operation.

[0167] Figure 18 shows an example of transmission via an SRB1 / 2 bearer in UE-to-UE relay operation. Referring to Figure 18, when a source remote UE transmits a message via an SL-SRB1 (SL-SRB2 / SL-SRB3 / DRB) bearer, the adaptation layer header for UE-to-UE relay operation needs to include the final DST L2 ID (the SRC L2 ID of the target remote UE). This is because the source remote UE transmits a message using the SRC L2 ID of the relay UE as the DST L2 ID of the MAC layer, and the adaptation layer header informs the relay UE that the final destination is the target remote UE. The relay UE that receives this interprets the final destination of the message as the L2 ID included in the adaptation layer header. That is, the DST L2 ID value of the MAC PDU that the relay UE receives from the source remote UE and forwards to the target remote UE is set to the L2 ID included in the received adaptation layer header before transmitting.

[0168] Furthermore, when the relay UE sends a message from the source remote UE to the target remote UE via the SL-SRB1 ( / SL-SRB2 / SL-SRB3 / DRB) bearer, the adaptation layer header for UE-to-UE relay operation must include the SRC L2 ID of the source remote UE. This is because when the relay UE sends a MAC PDU, it sends a MAC PDU message with the SRC ID of the relay UE and the SRC L2 ID of the target remote UE as its destination, and the adaptation layer header indicates that the UE that originally generated the data is the source remote UE. The target remote UE that receives this message interprets the L2 ID included in the adaptation layer header of the message as the message it sent. That is, the ID value included in the adaptation layer header of a message that the relay UE receives from the source remote UE and forwards to the target remote UE is set to the SRC L2 ID of the source remote UE received by the relay UE before transmitting.

[0169] Figure 19 shows an example of transmission via an SRB1 / 2 bearer in UE-to-UE relay operation. Referring to Figure 19, when a target remote UE transmits a message via an SL-SRB1 (SL-SRB2 / SL-SRB3 / DRB) bearer, the adaptation layer header for UE-to-UE relay operation needs to include the final DST L2 ID (SRC L2 ID of the source remote UE). This is because the target remote UE transmits a message using the SRC L2 ID of the relay UE as the DST L2 ID of the MAC layer, and the adaptation layer header informs the relay UE that the final destination is the source remote UE. The relay UE that receives this interprets the final destination of the message as the L2 ID included in the adaptation layer header. That is, the relay UE sets the DST L2 ID value of the MAC PDU that it receives from the target remote UE and forwards to the source remote UE to the L2 ID included in the received adaptation layer header before transmitting.

[0170] Furthermore, when the relay UE sends a message from the target remote UE to the source remote UE via the SL-SRB1 ( / SL-SRB2 / SL-SRB3 / DRB) bearer, the adaptation layer header for UE-to-UE relay operation must include the SRC L2 ID of the target remote UE. This is because when the relay UE sends a MAC PDU, it sends a MAC PDU message with the SRC ID of the relay UE and the SRC L2 ID of the source remote UE as its destination, and the adaptation layer header indicates that the UE that originally generated the data is the target remote UE. The source remote UE that receives this message interprets the L2 ID included in the adaptation layer header of the message as the message it sent. That is, the ID value included in the adaptation layer header of the message that the relay UE receives from the target remote UE and forwards to the source remote UE is set to the SRC L2 ID of the target remote UE received by the relay UE before transmitting.

[0171] Figure 20 illustrates transmission and reception of RRCReconfigurationSidelink. Referring to Figure 20, when a source remote UE transmits an RRCReconfigurationSidelink message to a relay UE and a target remote UE, the RRCReconfigurationSidelink message may also assign a local ID. The local ID may be determined to be the same (or different) depending on the link between the source remote UE and the relay UE and / or the link between the relay UE and the target remote UE. (And / or) it may be determined by the pair of the source remote UE and the target remote UE. This local ID value is (partly) information included in the header of the adaptation layer when the message is transmitted by the SRB3 (and / or DRB). This local ID value is determined by upper layers in the source remote UE and is assigned to PC5-S messages as well as PC5-RRC messages.

[0172] Meanwhile, the source remote UE assigns a local ID value to the relay UE. When the source remote UE assigns a local ID to the relay UE, it assigns both the SRC L2 ID of the target remote UE and the assigned local ID value, or it assigns a mapping relationship between the source remote UE SRC L2 ID and the local ID, or it assigns a mapping relationship between the local ID and the bearer.

[0173] FIG. 21 shows a related example. Referring to FIG. 21, when a source remote UE assigns a local ID to a target remote UE via a relay UE using RRCReconfigurationSidelink, the RRCReconfigurationSidelink message for assigning the initial local ID includes information to be included in the above-described adaptation layer header. That is, the adaptation layer header of the RRCReconfigurationSidelink message sent by the source remote UE to the relay UE includes the SRC L2 ID of the target remote UE. When the relay UE receiving the message sends an RRCReconfigurationSidelink message to the target remote UE, the adaptation layer includes the SRC L2 ID of the source remote UE. In response to this, when the target remote UE sends an RRCReconfigurationCompleteSidelink message to the source remote UE via the relay UE, a similarly principled adaptation layer header can be applied. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 21, the adaptation layer of the RRCReconfigurationCompleteSidelink message may instead include a local ID.

[0174] Also, as shown in FIG. 22, when data is transmitted from a source remote UE to a target remote UE, the data can be transmitted using the assigned local ID in the header of the adaptation layer.

[0175] Meanwhile, as described above, the relay UE assigns local IDs to the source remote UE and the target remote UE, and a related example is shown in FIG.

[0176] In the UE-to-UE relay operation, the relay UE may set up an SL bearer for each of the source remote UE and the target remote UE. Alternatively, the relay UE may set a local ID for each of the source remote UE and the target remote UE. In this case, the local ID value assigned to the source remote UE and the target remote UE may be a single value determined by the pair of the source remote UE and the target remote UE.

[0177] Alternatively, the local ID used between the source remote UE and the relay UE and the local ID value used between the target remote UE and the relay UE may be different, but the relay UE may store and use the mapping relationship between the two local IDs. In this case, the local ID may be assigned by the upper / PC5-RRC layer of the relay UE. Furthermore, when a local ID is assigned to the source remote UE, the SRC L2 ID of the target remote UE may be included in the header of the adaptation layer and transmitted to indicate which target remote UE the communication is intended for. Similarly, when a local ID is assigned to the target remote UE, the SRC L2 ID of the source remote UE may be included in the header of the adaptation layer and transmitted to indicate which source remote UE the communication is intended for.

[0178] Referring to FIG. 23, when the source remote UE and the target remote UE send an RRCReconfigurationCompleteSidelink message to the relay UE (S2303, S2304), the local ID value may not be included in the header of the adaptation layer.

[0179] After this, when the source remote UE transmits data to the target remote UE via the relay UE using DBR, the adaptation layer can include the local ID.

[0180] In the above, the DCR message can be similarly applied when sending a discovery message.

[0181] In the above, a relay User Equipment (UE) associated with a UE-to-UE relay includes at least one processor and at least one computer memory operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause the at least one processor to perform operations, the operations including: establishing a connection for UE-to-UE relay between a source remote UE and a target remote UE; receiving a first message from the source remote UE to be transmitted to the target remote UE; and transmitting a second message based on the first message to the target remote UE, wherein an adaptation layer header of the first message received from the source remote UE includes ID information identifying the target remote UE, and an adaptation layer header of a second message transmitted to the target remote UE includes ID information identifying the source UE. The relay UE communicates with at least one of another UE, a UE associated with an autonomous vehicle, a base station, or a network.

[0182] The processing device also includes at least one processor, and at least one memory operatively connected to the at least one processor, storing at least one instruction that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to perform operations including: establishing a connection for UE-to-UE relay between a source remote UE and a target remote UE; receiving a first message from the source remote UE to be transmitted to the target remote UE; and transmitting a second message based on the first message to the target remote UE, wherein an adaptation layer header of the first message received from the source remote UE includes ID information identifying the target remote UE, and an adaptation layer header of a second message to be transmitted to the target remote UE includes ID information identifying the source UE. The relay UE communicates with at least one of another UE, a UE associated with an autonomous vehicle, a base station, or a network.

[0183] Also, a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium storing at least one computer program including instructions, when executed by at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform operations for a relay UE, the operations including: establishing a connection for UE-to-UE relay between a source remote UE and a target remote UE; receiving a first message from the source remote UE to transmit to the target remote UE; and transmitting a second message to the target remote UE based on the first message, wherein an adaptation layer header of the first message received from the source remote UE includes ID information identifying the target remote UE, and an adaptation layer header of a second message to convey to the target remote UE includes ID information identifying the source UE. The relay UE is in communication with at least one of another UE, a UE associated with an autonomous vehicle, a base station, or a network.

[0184] In the above, the relay UE can also be interpreted as a gNB, an IAB-node, etc.

[0185] An example of a communication system to which the present invention is applied

[0186] Without being limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flow charts of the present invention disclosed in this specification may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity between devices (e.g., 5G).

[0187] Hereinafter, a more detailed description will be given with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings / description, the same reference numerals indicate the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks or function blocks unless otherwise specified.

[0188] FIG. 24 illustrates a communication system 1 to which the present invention is applied.

[0189] Referring to FIG. 24, a communication system 1 applicable to the present invention includes wireless devices, base stations, and a network. Here, the wireless devices refer to devices that communicate using wireless connection technologies (e.g., 5G NR, LTE), and are also referred to as communication / wireless / 5G devices. The wireless devices include, but are not limited to, a robot 100a, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2, an XR (eXtended Reality) device 100c, a handheld device 100d, a home appliance 100e, an IoT (Internet of Things) device 100f, and an AI device / server 400. For example, the vehicles include vehicles equipped with wireless communication capabilities, autonomous vehicles, vehicles capable of vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicles include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (e.g., drones). XR devices include Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and Mixed Reality (MR) devices, and are embodied in the form of Head-Mounted Devices (HMDs), Head-Up Displays (HUDs) mounted on vehicles, TVs, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital billboards, vehicles, robots, etc. Mobile devices include smartphones, smart pads, wearable devices (e.g., smart watches, smart glasses), computers (e.g., laptops, etc.), etc. Home appliances include TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, etc. IoT devices include sensors, smart meters, etc. For example, base stations and networks can also be embodied as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device 200a can operate as a base station / network node for other wireless devices.

[0190] The wireless devices 100a to 100f are connected to a network 300 via a base station 200. The wireless devices 100a to 100f are equipped with AI (Artificial Intelligence) technology, and are connected to an AI server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 is configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. The wireless devices 100a to 100f can communicate with each other via the base station 200 / network 300, but can also communicate directly without going through the base station / network (e.g., sidelink communication). For example, vehicles 100b-1 and 100b-2 can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication). IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can also communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices 100a to 100f.

[0191] Wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c are performed between the wireless devices 100a to 100f and the base stations 200, and between the base stations 200. Here, the wireless communication / connections are performed using various wireless connection technologies such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication 150c (e.g., relay, Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB)) (e.g., 5G NR). Through the wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c, the wireless devices and the base stations, and the base stations and the base stations, can transmit / receive wireless signals with each other. For example, the wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c can transmit / receive signals via various physical channels. To this end, according to various proposals of the present invention, any one of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes is performed.

[0192] Examples of wireless devices to which the present invention is applied

[0193] FIG. 25 illustrates a wireless device to which the present invention is applied.

[0194] 25, a first wireless device 100 and a second wireless device 200 transmit and receive wireless signals using various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR), where {first wireless device 100, second wireless device 200} corresponds to {wireless device 100x, base station 200} and / or {wireless device 100x, wireless device 100x} in FIG.

[0195] The first wireless device 100 includes one or more processors 102 and one or more memories 104, and further includes one or more transceivers 106 and / or one or more antennas 108. The processor 102 is configured to control the memory 104 and / or the transceiver 106 to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 102 processes information in the memory 104 to generate first information / signals and then transmits a wireless signal including the first information / signals via the transceiver 106. The processor 102 also receives a wireless signal including second information / signals via the transceiver 106 and then stores information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signals in the memory 104. The memory 104 is coupled to the processor 102 and stores various information related to the operation of the processor 102. For example, the memory 104 stores software code including instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor 102 or for implementing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein. Here, the processor 102 and memory 104 are part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver 106 is coupled to the processor 102 and transmits and / or receives wireless signals via one or more antennas 108. The transceiver 106 includes a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 106 may also be referred to as an RF (radio frequency) unit. In the present invention, a wireless device may also refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0196] The second wireless device 200 includes one or more processors 202 and one or more memories 204, and further includes one or more transceivers 206 and / or one or more antennas 208. The processor 202 is configured to control the memory 204 and / or the transceiver 206 to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202 processes information in the memory 204 to generate third information / signal, and then transmits a wireless signal including the third information / signal via the transceiver 206. The processor 202 also receives a wireless signal including fourth information / signal via the transceiver 206, and then stores information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signal in the memory 204. The memory 204 is coupled to the processor 202 and stores various information related to the operation of the processor 202. For example, the memory 204 stores software code including instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor 202 or for implementing the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein. Here, the processor 202 and memory 204 are part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver 206 is coupled to the processor 202 and transmits and / or receives wireless signals via one or more antennas 208. The transceiver 206 includes a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver 206 may also be referred to as an RF unit. In the present invention, a wireless device may also refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0197] The hardware elements of the wireless devices 100, 200 are described in more detail below. Without limitation, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors 102, 202. For example, one or more processors 102, 202 may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAP). The one or more processors 102, 202 may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein. The one or more processors 102, 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein. The one or more processors 102, 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, suggestions, and / or methods disclosed herein and provide them to the one or more transceivers 106, 206. The one or more processors 102, 202 may receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from the one or more transceivers 106, 206 and derive the PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0198] The one or more processors 102, 202 may also be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. The one or more processors 102, 202 may be implemented using hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, the one or more processors 102, 202 may include one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be embodied to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein may be included in the one or more processors 102, 202 or may be stored in one or more memories 104, 204 and executed by the one or more processors 102, 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flow charts disclosed in this specification may be embodied using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0199] The one or more memories 104, 204 are coupled to the one or more processors 102, 202 and store various types of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories 104, 204 may be comprised of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories 104, 204 may be located internal and / or external to the one or more processors 102, 202. Additionally, the one or more memories 104, 204 may be coupled to the one or more processors 102, 202 via various techniques, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0200] One or more transceivers 106, 206 may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the methods and / or flowcharts herein to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106, 206 may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts herein from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers 106, 206 may be coupled to one or more processors 102, 202 to transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors 102, 202 may control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Also, one or more processors 102, 202 may control one or more transceivers 106, 206 to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. One or more transceivers 106, 206 are coupled to one or more antennas 108, 208, and are configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein via the one or more antennas 108, 208. In this specification, one or more antennas may refer to multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). The one or more transceivers 106, 206 convert the received user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., from RF band signals to baseband signals for processing by one or more processors 102, 202. The one or more transceivers 106, 206 convert the user data, control information, radio signals / channels, etc., processed by one or more processors 102, 202, from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, the one or more transceivers 106, 206 may include an (analog) oscillator and / or a filter.

[0201] Examples of vehicles or autonomous vehicles to which the present invention is applied

[0202] 26 illustrates an example of a vehicle or an autonomous vehicle to which the present invention is applied. The vehicle or the autonomous vehicle may be embodied as a mobile robot, a car, a train, an aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, or the like.

[0203] 26, a vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 includes an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a drive unit 140a, a power supply unit 140b, a sensor unit 140c, and an autonomous driving unit 140d. The antenna unit 108 is configured as a part of the communication unit 110.

[0204] The communication unit 110 transmits and receives signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) to and from external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, roadside units, etc.), and servers. The control unit 120 controls elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to perform various operations. The control unit 120 includes an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The driving unit 140a causes the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 to move on the ground. The driving unit 140a includes an engine, a motor, a powertrain, wheels, brakes, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit 140b supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 and includes wired / wireless charging circuits, a battery, etc. The sensor unit 140c can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140c includes an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an inclination sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / reverse sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit 140d implements technologies such as lane maintenance while driving, technology for automatically adjusting speed such as adaptive cruise control, technology for automatically driving along a predetermined route, and technology for automatically setting a route and driving when a destination is set.

[0205] For example, the communication unit 110 receives map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit 140d generates an autonomous driving route and a driving plan based on the obtained data. The control unit 120 controls the driving unit 140a (e.g., adjusting speed / direction) so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle 100 moves along the autonomous driving route according to the driving plan. The communication unit 110 aperiodically obtains the latest traffic information data from an external server during autonomous driving and also obtains surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. In addition, the sensor unit 140c obtains vehicle status and surrounding environment information during autonomous driving. The autonomous driving unit 140d updates the autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the newly obtained data / information. The communication unit 110 transmits information regarding the vehicle position, autonomous driving route, driving plan, etc. to an external server. The external server can predict traffic information data using AI technology based on information collected from the vehicle or autonomous vehicle and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle.

[0206] Examples of AR / VR and vehicles to which the present invention is applied

[0207] 27 shows an example of a vehicle to which the present invention is applied. The vehicle may be embodied as a transportation means, a train, an aircraft, a ship, etc.

[0208] Referring to FIG. 27, a vehicle 100 includes a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an input / output unit 140a, and a position measurement unit 140b.

[0209] The communication unit 110 transmits and receives signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) to and from external devices such as other vehicles or base stations. The control unit 120 controls the components of the vehicle 100 to perform various operations. The memory unit 130 stores data / parameters / programs / codes / instructions that support various functions of the vehicle 100. The input / output unit 140a outputs AR / VR objects based on information in the memory unit 130. The input / output unit 140a includes a HUD. The position measurement unit 140b can obtain position information of the vehicle 100. The position information includes absolute position information of the vehicle 100, position information within a driving line, acceleration information, position information relative to surrounding vehicles, etc. The position measurement unit 140b includes a GPS and various sensors.

[0210] For example, the communication unit 110 of the vehicle 100 receives map information, traffic information, etc. from an external server and stores it in the memory unit 130. The position measurement unit 140b obtains vehicle position information using GPS and various sensors and stores it in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 generates a virtual object based on the map information, traffic information, and vehicle position information, and the input / output unit 140a displays the generated virtual object in a window inside the vehicle (1410, 140a). The control unit 120 also determines whether the vehicle 100 is operating correctly within the driving line based on the vehicle position information. If the vehicle 100 abnormally deviates from the driving line, the control unit 120 displays a warning in a window inside the vehicle via the input / output unit 140a. The control unit 120 also broadcasts a warning message regarding the driving abnormality to surrounding vehicles via the communication unit 110. Depending on the situation, the control unit 120 may also transmit the vehicle position information and information regarding the driving / vehicle abnormality to relevant authorities via the communication unit 110.

[0211] Examples of XR devices to which this invention can be applied

[0212] 28 illustrates an example of an XR device to which the present invention is applied. The XR device may be implemented in the form of an HMD, a head-up display (HUD) installed in a vehicle, a TV, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital sign, a vehicle, a robot, etc.

[0213] Referring to FIG. 28, the XR device 100a includes a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an input / output unit 140a, a sensor unit 140b, and a power supply unit 140c.

[0214] The communication unit 110 can transmit and receive signals (e.g., media data, control signals, etc.) to and from external devices such as other wireless devices, mobile devices, or media servers. Media data includes videos, images, sounds, etc. The control unit 120 controls the components of the XR device 100a to perform various operations. For example, the control unit 120 is configured to control and / or perform procedures such as video / image acquisition, (video / image) encoding, and metadata generation and processing. The memory unit 130 stores data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required to operate the XR device 100a and generate XR objects. The input / output unit 140a obtains control information, data, etc. from the outside and outputs the generated XR objects. The input / output unit 140a includes a camera, microphone, user input unit, display unit, speaker, and / or haptic module. The sensor unit 140b obtains the XR device status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140b includes a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a microphone, and / or a radar, etc. The power supply unit 140c supplies power to the XR device 100a and includes a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc.

[0215] For example, the memory unit 130 of the XR device 100a stores information (e.g., data) necessary for generating an XR object (e.g., an AR / VR / MR object). The input / output unit 140a can receive commands from a user to operate the XR device 100a, and the control unit 120 drives the XR device 100a according to the user's commands. For example, when a user uses the XR device 100a to watch a movie or news, the control unit 120 can transmit content request information to another device (e.g., the mobile device 100b) or a media server via the communication unit 130. The communication unit 130 can download / stream content such as a movie or news from another device (e.g., the mobile device 100b) or a media server to the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 controls and / or performs procedures such as video / image acquisition, (video / image) encoding, and metadata generation / processing for the content, and generates / outputs an XR object based on information about the surrounding space or real objects obtained by the input / output unit 140a / sensor unit 140b.

[0216] The XR device 100a is wirelessly connected to the mobile device 100b via the communication unit 110, and the operation of the XR device 100a is controlled by the mobile device 100b. For example, the mobile device 100b operates as a controller for the XR device 100a. To this end, the XR device 100a can obtain three-dimensional position information of the mobile device 100b, and then generate and output an XR individual corresponding to the mobile device 100b.

[0217] Examples of robots to which the present invention is applied

[0218] Figure 29 shows an example of a robot to which the present invention is applied. Robots can be classified into industrial, medical, domestic, military, etc. depending on the purpose and field of use.

[0219] Referring to FIG. 29, the robot 100 includes a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an input / output unit 140a, a sensor unit 140b, and a driving unit 140c.

[0220] The communication unit 110 transmits and receives signals (e.g., driving information, control signals, etc.) to and from external devices such as other wireless devices, other robots, or control servers. The control unit 120 controls the components of the robot 100 to perform various operations. The memory unit 130 stores data, parameters, programs, codes, and instructions that support various functions of the robot 100. The input / output unit 140a receives information from outside the robot 100 and outputs information to outside the robot 100. The input / output unit 140a includes a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and / or a haptics module. The sensor unit 140b receives internal information of the robot 100, information about the surrounding environment, user information, etc. The sensor unit 140b includes a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a microphone, a radar, etc. The drive unit 140c performs various physical operations, such as moving the robot joints. The driving unit 140c can move the robot 100 on the ground or fly it in the air. The driving unit 140c includes an actuator, a motor, wheels, a brake, a propeller, and the like.

[0221] Examples of AI devices to which this invention can be applied

[0222] Figure 30 shows examples of AI devices to which the present invention can be applied. AI devices can be embodied as fixed or mobile devices such as TVs, projectors, smartphones, PCs, notebook computers, digital broadcasting terminals, tablet PCs, wearable devices, set-top boxes (STBs), radios, washing machines, refrigerators, digital signage, robots, and vehicles.

[0223] Referring to FIG. 30, the AI device 100 includes a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an input / output unit 140a / 140b, a running processor unit 140c, and a sensor unit 140d.

[0224] The communication unit 110 transmits and receives wired and wireless signals (e.g., sensor information, user input, learning model, control signal, etc.) to and from external devices such as other AI devices (e.g., 100x, 200, 400 in FIG. 24) and AI servers (e.g., 400 in FIG. 24) using wired and wireless communication technology. To this end, the communication unit 110 transmits information in the memory unit 130 to external devices or transfers signals received from external devices to the memory unit 130.

[0225] The control unit 120 determines one of the executable actions of the AI device 100 based on information determined or generated using a data analysis algorithm or a machine learning algorithm. The control unit 120 can also control the components of the AI device 100 to perform the determined action. For example, the control unit 120 can request, search, receive, or use data from the running processor unit 140c or the memory unit 130, and control the components of the AI device 100 to perform a predicted or desirable action among one of the executable actions. The control unit 120 can also collect history information, including the operation details of the AI device 100 and user feedback on the operation, and store it in the memory unit 130 or the running processor unit 140c, or transmit it to an external device such as an AI server (400, FIG. 24). The collected history information is used when updating a learning model.

[0226] The memory unit 130 stores data that supports various functions of the AI device 100. For example, the memory unit 130 stores data obtained from the input unit 140a, data obtained from the communication unit 110, output data of the running processor unit 140c, and data obtained from the sensing unit 140. The memory unit 130 also stores control information and / or software code required for the operation / execution of the control unit 120.

[0227] The input unit 140a obtains various types of data from outside the AI device 100. For example, the input unit 140a obtains learning data for model learning and input data to which a learning model is applied. The input unit 140a includes a camera, a microphone, and / or a user input unit. The output unit 140b generates output related to vision, hearing, or touch. The output unit 140b includes a display unit, a speaker, and / or a haptics module. The sensing unit 140 obtains any one of internal information of the AI device 100, information about the surrounding environment of the AI device 100, and user information using various sensors. The sensing unit 140 includes a proximity sensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a light sensor, a microphone, and / or a radar.

[0228] The running processor unit 140c uses the training data to train a model composed of an artificial neural network. The running processor unit 140c performs AI processing together with the running processor unit of the AI server (FIG. 24, 400). The running processor unit 140c processes information received from an external device via the communication unit 110 and / or information stored in the memory unit 130. In addition, the output value of the running processor unit 140c is / is transmitted to an external device via the communication unit 110 and stored in the memory unit 130. [Industrial Applicability]

[0229] The above embodiment can be applied to various mobile communication systems.

Claims

1. A method of operating a relay UE (User Equipment) in a wireless communication system in association with a UE-to-UE relay, comprising: The relay UE establishes a connection for UE-to-UE relay between the source remote UE and the target remote UE; receiving a first message sent by the relay UE from the source remote UE to the target remote UE; and the relay UE sending a second message based on the first message to the target remote UE; Including, A method in which an adaptation layer header of a first message received from the source remote UE includes ID information identifying the target remote UE, and an adaptation layer header of a second message transmitted to the target remote UE includes ID information identifying the source UE.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ID information identifying the target remote UE and the ID information identifying the source UE are determined by the relay UE.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ID information identifying the target remote UE and the ID information identifying the source UE are the same value.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the same value is an ID that identifies the pair of the target remote UE and the source UE.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ID information identifying the target remote UE and the ID information identifying the source UE are different values.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the different values are a first ID that identifies the target remote UE and a second ID that identifies the source UE, respectively.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first message is a Direct Communication Request (DCR) message.

8. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein a source layer 2 ID (SRC L2 ID) of a MAC PDU of the first message is an L2 ID of the source remote UE, and a destination layer 2 ID (DST L2 ID) is an L2 ID of the relay UE.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein an SRC L2 ID of a MAC PDU of the second message is an L2 ID of the relay UE, and a DST L2 ID is an L2 ID of the target remote UE.

10. In a wireless communication system, a relay UE (User Equipment) related to a UE (User Equipment)-to-UE relay, at least one processor; and at least one computer memory operatively connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed, cause said at least one processor to perform operations; The operation is Establishing a connection for UE-to-UE relay between the source remote UE and the target remote UE; receiving a first message from the source remote UE to send to the target remote UE; and sending a second message based on the first message to the target remote UE; Including, A relay UE, wherein a header of an adaptation layer of a first message received from the source remote UE includes ID information identifying the target remote UE, and a header of an adaptation layer of a second message transmitted to the target remote UE includes ID information identifying the source UE.

11. The relay UE of claim 10 , wherein the relay UE communicates with at least one of another UE, a UE associated with an autonomous vehicle, a base station, or a network.

12. In a wireless communication system, a processing device comprising: at least one processor; at least one memory operatively connected to the at least one processor and storing at least one instruction that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to perform operations including: The operation is Establishing a connection for UE-to-UE relay between the source remote UE and the target remote UE; receiving a first message from the source remote UE to send to the target remote UE; and sending a second message based on the first message to the target remote UE; Including, A processing device, wherein a header of an adaptation layer of a first message received from the source remote UE includes ID information identifying the target remote UE, and a header of an adaptation layer of a second message transmitted to the target remote UE includes ID information identifying the source UE.

13. a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium storing at least one computer program comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations for a relay UE; The operation is Establishing a connection for UE-to-UE relay between the source remote UE and the target remote UE; receiving a first message from the source remote UE to send to the target remote UE; and sending a second message based on the first message to the target remote UE; Including, A storage medium, wherein a header of an adaptation layer of a first message received from the source remote UE includes ID information that identifies the target remote UE, and a header of an adaptation layer of a second message transmitted to the target remote UE includes ID information that identifies the source UE.

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