Prescribing frequency domain compensation coefficients in reconfigurable intelligent surface-assisted sensing

Abstract

The first network node may be configured to transmit a configuration of a set of resources for at least one sensing signal. Each of the sets of resources is associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. The wireless device may be configured to receive the configuration of the set of resources for the at least one sensing signal. The wireless device may be configured to transmit an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources based on the configuration. The first network node may be configured to transmit the at least one sensing signal based on the configuration of the set of resources. The wireless device may be configured to receive and forward the at least one sensing signal based on the set of resources.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems, and more particularly to reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) systems.

[0002] introduction

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0003] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide common protocols that enable different wireless devices to communicate at city, national, regional, or even global levels. An exemplary telecommunications standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the continuing mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., for the Internet of Things (IoT)), and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. Further improvements are needed in 5G NR technology. These improvements may also be applicable to other multiple access technologies and telecommunications standards that employ these technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0004]

[0004] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects. It is not intended to identify key or critical elements of all aspects, nor is it intended to delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

[0005]

[0005] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus in a first network node are provided. The apparatus may transmit a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the sets of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of a wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. The apparatus may transmit the at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources.

[0006]

[0006] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus in a wireless device are provided. The apparatus may receive a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. The apparatus may transmit an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources based on the configuration. The apparatus may receive and forward the at least one detection signal based on the set of resources.

[0007]

[0007] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus in a second network node are provided. The apparatus may receive an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of a set of resources for at least one detected signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of a wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. The apparatus may receive the at least one detected signal via the wireless device. The apparatus may perform a detection operation on the at least one detected signal based on the indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources.

[0008] To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects may be employed. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1]

[0009] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communication system and access network. [Figure 2A]

[0010] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a first frame, according to various aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 2B]

[0011] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a DL channel within a subframe, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 2C]

[0012] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a second frame, according to various aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 2D]

[0013] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of an UL channel within a subframe, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 3]

[0014] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a base station and user equipment (UE) in an access network. [Figure 4]

[0015] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a RIS configured to receive and forward one or more signals from a first network node to a second network node, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 5A]

[0016] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a RIS configured to receive and forward one or more signals from a first network node to a second network node regarding an obstacle, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 5B]

[0017] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a RIS configured to receive and forward one or more signals from a first network node to a second network node via a target object, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 5C]

[0018] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a RIS configured to receive and forward one or more signals from a first network node to a second network node via a target object, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 6]

[0019] FIG. 2 is a connection flow diagram illustrating an example of a RIS configured to receive and forward a detection signal from a first network node to a second network node, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 7]

[0020] FIG. 1 is a connection flow diagram illustrating an example of a RIS configured to receive and forward a detection signal from a first network node to a second network node, where the first network node and the second network node are configured to communicate directly with each other, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 8]

[0021] FIG. 1 is a connection flow diagram illustrating an example of a RIS configured to receive and forward a detection signal from a first network node to a second network node via a target object, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 9]

[0022] FIG. 1 is a connection flow diagram illustrating an example of a RIS configured to receive and forward a detection signal from a first network node to a second network node via a target object, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure, where the first network node and the second network node are configured to communicate directly with each other. [Figure 10]

[0023] FIG. 10 is an alternative connection flow diagram illustrating an example of a RIS configured to receive and forward a detection signal from a first network node to a second network node via a target object, where the first network node and the second network node are configured to communicate directly with each other, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 11]

[0024] FIG. 1 is a connection flow diagram illustrating an example of a RIS configured to receive and forward a sensed signal from a first network node to a second network node via a target object, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 12]

[0025] FIG. 1 is a connection flow diagram illustrating an example of a RIS configured to receive and forward a sensed signal from a first network node to a second network node via a target object, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. [Figure 13]

[0026] 1 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication. [Figure 14]

[0027] 1 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication. [Figure 15]

[0028] 1 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication. [Figure 16]

[0029] 1 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication. [Figure 17]

[0030] 1 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication. [Figure 18]

[0031] 1 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication. [Figure 19]

[0032] 1 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication. [Figure 20]

[0033] 1 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication. [Figure 21]

[0034] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a hardware implementation for an exemplary device and / or network entity. [Figure 22]

[0035] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a hardware implementation for an exemplary network entity. [Figure 23]

[0036] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a hardware implementation for an exemplary network entity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010]

[0037] When reflecting signals using a wireless device such as a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), the amplitude and phase of the reflection coefficient at each meta-element may vary with frequency. The amplitude and phase reflection coefficients may be referred to as frequency-based characteristics. Such frequency-based characteristics may interfere with propagation delay and target object distance estimation and, if not taken into account, may reduce estimation accuracy. The wireless device may estimate the frequency-based characteristics for each of a set of sensed signal resources based on at least one of an incident beam direction angle of each sensed signal resource at the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of each sensed signal resource at the wireless device. The sensed signal receiver may improve the accuracy of its detection by detecting the set of sensed signal resources using the estimated frequency-based characteristics for each of the set of sensed signal resources.

[0011]

[0038] The Detailed Description, set forth below in connection with the accompanying drawings, illustrates various configurations and does not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The Detailed Description includes specific details intended to provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts. However, these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring such concepts.

[0012]

[0039] Several aspects of telecommunications systems are presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods are described in the following Detailed Description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0013]

[0040] By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements, may be implemented as a "processing system" including one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on a chip (SoC), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gate logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform various functions described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in a processing system may execute software. Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, or any combination thereof, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0014]

[0041] Thus, in one or more example aspects, implementations, and / or use cases, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. A storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, such computer-readable media may include random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

[0015]

[0042] Although aspects, implementations, and / or use cases are described in this application by way of example for some examples, additional or different aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may occur in many different configurations and scenarios. The aspects, implementations, and / or use cases described herein may be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and packaging configurations. For example, the aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may occur via integrated chip implementations and other non-modular component-based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communications devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled devices, etc.). While some embodiments may or may not be specifically targeted to a use case or application, a wide variety of combined applicability of the described embodiments may arise. Aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level implementations, and even to centralized, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more techniques herein. In some practical settings, devices incorporating the described aspects and features may also include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, transmitting and receiving wireless signals necessarily involves several components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processor(s), interleavers, summers / analog summers, etc.). The techniques described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed configurations, centralized or non-centralized components, end-user devices, etc., of various sizes, shapes, and configurations.

[0016]

[0043] The deployment of a communication system, such as a 5G NR system, can be configured in multiple ways with various components or parts. In a 5G NR system, or network, one or more units (or one or more components) performing network functions, such as a network node, network entity, network mobility element, radio access network (RAN) node, core network node, network element, or base station (BS), can be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP), transmit receive point (TRP), or cell) can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also known as a standalone BS or monolithic BS) or a disaggregated base station.

[0017]

[0044] A centralized base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A disaggregated base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (e.g., one or more centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs)). In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU or alternatively geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or more other RAN nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU, and RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0018]

[0045] Base station operation or network design may take into account the aggregation characteristics of base station functions. For example, disaggregated base stations may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN, such as the network configuration supported by the O-RAN Alliance), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Disaggregation may include distributing functions across two or more units in different physical locations, as well as virtually distributing the functions of at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. Various units of a disaggregated base station, or a disaggregated RAN architecture, may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0019]

[0046] FIG. 1 is a diagram 100 illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and access network. The illustrated wireless communication system includes a disaggregated base station architecture. The disaggregated base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110 that may communicate directly with a core network 120 via a backhaul link or indirectly with the core network 120 through one or more separate base station units (e.g., a near-real time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a non-real time (Non-RT) RIC 115 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) framework 105, or both). The CUs 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DUs 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via respective fronthaul links. The RUs 140 may communicate with each UE 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be served by multiple RUs 140 simultaneously.

[0020]

[0047] Each of the units, i.e., CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and quasi-RT RIC 125, non-RT RIC 115, and SMO framework 105, may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) over a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the unit's communication interface, may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units over a transmission medium. For example, a unit may include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals to one or more of the other units over a wired transmission medium. In addition, a unit may include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver (such as an RF transceiver), configured to receive and / or transmit signals to one or more of the other units over a wireless transmission medium.

[0021]

[0048] In some aspects, the CU 110 may host one or more upper layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 110. The CU 110 may be configured to handle user plane functions (i.e., Central Unit - User Plane (CU-UP)), control plane functions (i.e., Central Unit - Control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 110 may be logically divided into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as an E1 interface. The CU 110 may be implemented to communicate with the DU 130 as needed for network control and signaling.

[0022]

[0049] The DU 130 may correspond to a logical unit including one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 140. In some aspects, the DU 130 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more upper physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation, demodulation, etc.), at least in part according to a functional division such as that defined by 3GPP. In some aspects, the DU 130 may further host one or more lower PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 130 or with control functions hosted by the CU 110.

[0023]

[0050] The lower layer functions may be implemented by one or more RUs 140. In some deployments, the RUs 140 controlled by the DU 130 may correspond to logical nodes hosting RF processing functions, lower PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transforms (FFTs), inverse FFTs (iFFTs), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, and the like), or both, based at least in part on a functional division, such as a lower layer functional division. In such an architecture, the RU(s) 140 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communications with the RU(s) 140 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the DU(s) 130 and the CU 110 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

[0024]

[0051] The SMO framework 105 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 may be configured to support deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (e.g., an O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (e.g., an open cloud (O-Cloud) 190) via a cloud computing platform interface (e.g., an O2 interface) to perform network element lifecycle management (e.g., instantiate virtualized network elements). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, the CU 110, the DU 130, the RU 140, and the quasi-RT RIC 125. In some implementations, the SMO framework 105 may communicate with hardware aspects of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 111, via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO framework 105 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via an O1 interface. The SMO framework 105 can also include a non-RT RIC 115 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 105.

[0025]

[0052] The non-RT RIC 115 may be configured to include logic functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the quasi-RT RIC 125. The non-RT RIC 115 may be coupled to the quasi-RT RIC 125 or may communicate with the quasi-RT RIC 125 (e.g., via an A1 interface). The quasi-RT RIC 125 may be configured to include logic functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources through data collection and action via an interface connecting one or more CUs 110, one or more DUs 130, or both, and the O-eNB to the quasi-RT RIC 125 (e.g., via an E2 interface).

[0026]

[0053] In some implementations, the non-RT RIC 115 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server to generate the AI / ML models deployed to the quasi-RT RIC 125. Such information may be utilized by the quasi-RT RIC 125 or may be received at the SMO framework 105 or non-RT RIC 115 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 115 or quasi-RT RIC 125 may be configured to adjust RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 115 may employ AI / ML models to monitor long-term trends and patterns in performance and implement corrective actions through the SMO framework 105 (e.g., reconfiguration via O1) or through the creation of RAN management policies (e.g., A1 policies).

[0027]

[0054] At least one of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 may be referred to as a base station 102. Thus, the base station 102 may include one or more of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 (each component is shown with a dotted line to indicate that the component may or may not be included in the base station 102). The base station 102 provides an access point to the core network 120 for the UE 104. The base station 102 may include macrocells (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cells (low-power cellular base stations). Small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells. A network including both small cells and macrocells may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include Home Evolved Node Bs (eNBs) (HeNBs), which may serve restricted groups known as closed subscriber groups (CSGs). The communication link between the RU 140 and the UE 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from the UE 104 to the RU 140 and / or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from the RU 140 to the UE 104. The communication link may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technologies, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may be over one or more carriers. The base station 102 / UE 104 may use spectrum with a bandwidth of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400 MHz, etc.) per carrier, allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to Yx MHz (x component carriers) in total, used for transmission in each direction. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other.The carrier allocation may be asymmetric for DL ​​and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL ​​than for UL). The component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell), and the secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

[0028]

[0055] Particular UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication links 158. The D2D communication links 158 may use DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. The D2D communication links 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). D2D communication may be via various wireless D2D communication systems, such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0029]

[0056] The wireless communication system may further include a Wi-Fi AP 150 that communicates with UEs 104 (also referred to as Wi-Fi stations (STAs)) via communication links 154, such as in the 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum. When communicating in the unlicensed frequency spectrum, the UEs 104 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) before communicating to determine if a channel is available.

[0030]

[0057] The electromagnetic spectrum is often divided into various classes, bands, channels, etc. based on frequency / wavelength. For 5G NR, two initial operating bands are identified by the frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz to 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz). Although portions of FR1 are above 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as the “sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and papers. Similar nomenclature issues may arise with respect to FR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as the “millimeter wave” band in documents and papers, even though it is different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz to 300 GHz) identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as the “millimeter wave” band.

[0031]

[0058] Frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified operating bands for these mid-band frequencies as a frequency range designated FR3 (7.125 GHz to 24.25 GHz). Frequency bands included within FR3 may inherit FR1 and / or FR2 characteristics, thus effectively extending the characteristics of FR1 and / or FR2 to the mid-band frequencies. Higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency ranges designated FR2-2 (52.6 GHz to 71 GHz), FR4 (71 GHz to 114.25 GHz), and FR5 (114.25 GHz to 300 GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands is included within the EHF band.

[0032]

[0059] With the above aspects in mind, unless otherwise specified, as used herein, terms such as "sub-6 GHz" may broadly refer to frequencies that may be below 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Further, unless otherwise specified, as used herein, terms such as "millimeter wave" may broadly refer to frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR2-2, and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.

[0033]

[0060] The base station 102 and the UE 104 may each include multiple antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays, to facilitate beamforming. The base station 102 may transmit a beamformed signal 182 to the UE 104 in one or more transmit directions. The UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 102 in one or more receive directions. The UE 104 may also transmit a beamformed signal 184 to the base station 102 in one or more transmit directions. The base station 102 may receive the beamformed signal from the UE 104 in one or more receive directions. The base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for each of the base station 102 / UE 104. The transmit and receive directions for the base station 102 may or may not be the same. The transmit and receive directions for the UE 104 may or may not be the same.

[0034]

[0061] The base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as a gNB, NodeB, eNB, access point, base transceiver station, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, basic service set (BSS), extended service set (ESS), transmit receive point (TRP), network node, network entity, network equipment, or some other suitable terminology. The base station 102 may be implemented as an aggregated (monolithic) base station having an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, a baseband unit (BBU) (including a CU and a DU) and a RU, or as a disaggregated base station including one or more of a CU, a DU, and / or a RU. A set of base stations, which may include disaggregated base stations and / or aggregated base stations, may be referred to as a next generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN).

[0035]

[0062] The core network 120 may include an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 161, a Session Management Function (SMF) 162, a User Plane Function (UPF) 163, a Unified Data Management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. The AMF 161 is a control node that handles signaling between the UE 104 and the core network 120. The AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. The SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. The UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. The UDM 164 supports authentication and key agreement (AKA) credential generation, user identity handling, access authorization, and subscription management. The one or more location servers 168 are shown as including a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 165 and a Location Management Function (LMF) 166. However, in general, the one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location / positioning servers, which may include one or more of the GMLC 165, LMF 166, a position determination entity (PDE), a serving mobile location center (SMLC), a mobile positioning center (MPC), etc. The GMLC 165 and LMF 166 support UE location services. The GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) to access UE positioning information.The LMF 166 receives measurements and assistance information from the NG-RAN and the UE 104 via the AMF 161 to calculate the position of the UE 104. The NG-RAN may utilize one or more positioning methods to determine the position of the UE 104. Positioning the UE 104 may include signal measurements, position estimation, and optional velocity calculations based on these measurements. The signal measurements may be performed by the UE 104 and / or the serving base station 102. The signals measured may include a satellite positioning system (SPS) 170 (e.g., one or more of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), a global position system (GPS), a non-terrestrial network (NTN), or other satellite position / location system), an LTE signal, a wireless local area network (WLAN) signal, a Bluetooth signal, a terrestrial beacon system (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., barometric pressure sensor, motion sensor), an NR enhanced cell ID (NR E-CID) method, an NR signal (e.g., multi-round trip time (Multi-RTT), DL angle-of-departure (DL-AoD), DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), UL time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), or a LTE signal (e.g., a LTE signal, a wireless local area network (WLAN) signal, a Bluetooth signal, a terrestrial beacon system (TBS)), sensor-based information (e.g., barometric pressure sensor, motion sensor), an NR enhanced cell ID (NR E-CID) method, an NR signal (e.g., multi-round trip time (Multi-RTT), DL angle-of-departure (DL-AoD), DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), UL time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), or a LTE signal (e.g., a LTE signal ... The signal may be based on one or more of UL Time Domain Observation (TDOA), UL Angle-of-Arrival (UL-AoA) positioning, and / or other systems / signals / sensors.

[0036]

[0063] Examples of UEs 104 include a cellular phone, a smartphone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., an MP3 player), a camera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device, a vehicle, an electric meter, a gas pump, a large or small cooking appliance, a healthcare device, an implant, a sensor / actuator, a display, or any other similarly functional device. Some of the UEs 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., a parking meter, a gas pump, a toaster, a vehicle, a heart monitor, etc.). The UEs 104 may also be referred to as stations, mobile stations, subscriber stations, mobile units, subscriber units, wireless units, remote units, mobile devices, wireless devices, wireless communication devices, remote devices, mobile subscriber stations, access terminals, mobile terminals, wireless terminals, remote terminals, handsets, user agents, mobile clients, clients, or any other suitable terminology. In some scenarios, the term UE may also apply to one or more companion devices, such as in a device constellation configuration, where one or more of these devices may collectively access the network and / or may individually access the network.

[0037]

[0064] The RIS 106 may be a metasurface configured to receive signals from the base station 102 or the RU 140 of the base station 102. The RIS 106 may be configured to reflect the signals in a desired direction, such as the RU 140 or the UE 104. The RIS may have one or more RIS elements, the electromagnetic reflection response of which may be controlled by a programmable P and N region (PIN) diode. The RIS 106 may also be configured to sense attributes of the signals received by the RIS 106, such as the angle of arrival (AoA).

[0038]

[0065] Referring again to FIG. 1 , in some aspects, the UE 104 or the base station 102 may have a detection signal configuration component 198 configured to transmit a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detected signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. The detection signal configuration component 198 may be configured to transmit the at least one detected signal based on the configuration of the set of resources. In some aspects, the UE 104 or the base station 102 may have a detection component 199 configured to receive an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources for the at least one detected signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. The detection component 199 may be configured to receive the at least one detected signal via the wireless device. The detection component 199 may be configured to perform a detection operation on the at least one detected signal based on the indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources. In some aspects, the RIS 106 may have a compensation coefficient estimation component 197 configured to receive a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detected signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. The compensation coefficient estimation component 197 may be configured to transmit an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources based on the configuration. The compensation coefficient estimation component 197 may be configured to receive and forward the at least one detected signal based on the set of resources. While the following description may focus on a RIS device, the concepts described herein may be applicable to any device capable of detecting a portion of an incident wave at a first angle and reflecting or retransmitting a portion of the incident wave at a second angle, such as a UE or a roadside unit (RSU).While the following description may focus on 5G NR, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar areas, such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other wireless technologies capable of transmitting wireless signals that can be reflected and / or detected by RIS or RIS-like devices.

[0039]

[0066] Figure 2A is a diagram 200 illustrating an example of a first subframe in a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2B is a diagram 230 illustrating an example of a DL channel in a 5G NR subframe. Figure 2C is a diagram 250 illustrating an example of a second subframe in a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2D is a diagram 280 illustrating an example of a UL channel in a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure may be frequency division duplexed (FDD) where, for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated to either DL or UL, or time division duplexed (TDD) where, for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated to both DL and UL. In the examples provided by FIGS. 2A and 2C, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, with subframe 4 configured using slot format 28 (mostly DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible for DL / UL use, and subframe 3 configured using slot format 1 (all UL). While subframes 3 and 4 are shown using slot formats 1 and 28, respectively, any particular subframe may be configured using any of the various available slot formats 0 through 61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are all DL and all UL, respectively. The other slot formats 2 through 61 contain a mix of DL symbols, UL symbols, and flexible symbols. The UE is configured with the slot format via a received slot format indicator (SFI) (either dynamically via DL control information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically via radio resource control (RRC) signaling). Note that the following description also applies to TDD 5G NR frame structures.

[0040]

[0067] 2A-2D illustrate one frame structure, and embodiments of the present disclosure may be applicable to other wireless communication technologies that may have different frame structures and / or different channels. A frame (10 ms) may be divided into 10 equally sized subframes (1 ms). Each subframe may include one or more time slots. A subframe may also include a minislot, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each slot may include 14 or 12 symbols depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. With a normal CP, each slot may include 14 symbols, and with an extended CP, each slot may include 12 symbols. Symbols on the DL may be CP orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) symbols. Symbols on the UL can be CP-OFDM symbols (for high-throughput scenarios) or discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (also called single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbols) (for power-limited scenarios, i.e., when limited to single-stream transmission). The number of slots in a subframe is based on CP and a mathematical logic. This mathematical logic defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS), which effectively defines the symbol length / period equal to 1 / SCS.

[0041] [Table 1]

[0042]

[0068] For normal CP (14 symbols / slot), different number logics μ0-μ4 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. For extended CP, number logic 2 allows 4 slots per subframe. Therefore, for normal CP and number logic μ, 14 symbols / slot and 2 μ There are slots / subframes. The subcarrier spacing is 2 μ * μ may be equal to 15 kHz, where μ is a numerology from 0 to 4. Therefore, the numerology μ=0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, and the numerology μ=4 has a subcarrier spacing of 240 kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely proportional to the subcarrier spacing. Figures 2A-2D provide an example of a normal CP with 14 symbols per slot and a numerology μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs. Within a set of frames, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) (see Figure 2B), which are frequency division multiplexed. Each BWP may have a specific numerology and CP (normal or extended).

[0043]

[0069] A resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot contains resource blocks (RBs) (also called physical RBs (PRBs)), spanning 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0044]

[0070] As shown in Figure 2A, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. The RSs may include demodulation RSs (DM-RSs) (shown as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs) for channel estimation at the UE. The RSs may also include beam measurement RSs (BRSs), beam refinement RSs (BRRSs), and phase tracking RSs (PT-RSs).

[0045]

[0071] Figure 2B shows an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), where each CCE includes 6 RE groups (REGs), and each REG includes 12 consecutive REs within an OFDM symbol of an RB. The PDCCHs within one BWP may be referred to as a control resource set (CORESET). During a PDCCH monitoring occasion on the CORESET, a UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates within a PDCCH search space (e.g., a common search space, a UE-specific search space), where the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and aggregation levels. Additional BWPs may be deployed at higher and / or lower frequencies across the channel bandwidth. A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be present in symbol 2 of a particular subframe of a frame. The PSS is used by the UE 104 to determine the subframe / symbol timing and the physical layer identity. A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be present in symbol 4 of a particular subframe of a frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identity group number and the timing of the radio frame. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine the physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the DM-RS.The physical broadcast channel (PBCH), which carries the master information block (MIB), may be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (also called an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the number of RBs in the system bandwidth and the system frame number (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted over the PBCH, such as system information blocks (SIBs), and paging messages.

[0046]

[0072] As shown in FIG. 2C , some of the REs carry DM-RS (denoted as R for one particular configuration, although other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may transmit DM-RS for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS may be transmitted in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DM-RS may be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether a short or long PUCCH is transmitted and on the specific PUCCH format used. The UE may transmit sounding reference signals (SRS). The SRS may be transmitted in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have comb configurations, and the UE may transmit the SRS in one of the combs. The SRS may be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling on the UL.

[0047]

[0073] 2D shows an example of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame. The PUCCH, in one configuration, may be arranged as shown. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicators (CQIs), precoding matrix indicators (PMIs), rank indicators (RIs), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgment (ACK) (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACKs and / or negative ACKs (NACKs)). The PUSCH carries data and, in addition, may be used to carry buffer status reports (BSRs), power headroom reports (PHRs), and / or UCIs.

[0048]

[0074] 3 is a block diagram of a base station 310 communicating with a UE 350 in an access network. In the DL, Internet protocol (IP) packets may be provided to a controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements Layer 3 and Layer 2 functions. Layer 3 includes a Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, and Layer 2 includes a Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 is responsible for RRC layer functions associated with broadcasting system information (e.g., MIBs, SIBs), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functions associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functions associated with forwarding higher layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and mapping of logical channels to transport channels, multiplexing MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), and MAC SDUs from TBs. It provides MAC layer functions associated with demultiplexing of SDUs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0049]

[0075] The transmit (Tx) processor 316 and receive (Rx) processor 370 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, including the physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) encoding / decoding of transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels, modulation / demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antenna processing. The Tx processor 316 processes mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols may then be split into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to generate a physical channel carrying a time-domain OFDM symbol stream. This OFDM stream is spatially precoded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 can be used to determine coding and modulation schemes and for spatial processing. The channel estimates can be derived from a reference signal and / or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 350. Each spatial stream can then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx can modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier with the respective spatial stream for transmission.

[0050]

[0076] At the UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives a signal through its respective antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to a receive (Rx) processor 356. The Tx processor 368 and the Rx processor 356 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The Rx processor 356 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they may be combined into a single OFDM symbol stream by the Rx processor 356. The Rx processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The frequency-domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, as well as the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation point transmitted by the base station 310. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimates calculated by a channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally transmitted by the base station 310 on the physical channel, which are then provided to a controller / processor 359, which implements Layer 3 and Layer 2 functions.

[0051]

[0077] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with a memory 360 that stores program codes and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 is responsible for demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, decoding, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

[0052]

[0078] Similar to the functionality described in connection with DL transmission by base station 310, controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIBs, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with forwarding upper layer PDUs, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping of logical channels to transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0053]

[0079] Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator 358 from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 may be used by the Tx processor 368 to select an appropriate coding and modulation scheme and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the Tx processor 368 may be provided to different antennas 352 via separate transmitters 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.

[0054]

[0080] UL transmissions are processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described for the receiver functions at the UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives a signal through its corresponding antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to the Rx processor 370.

[0055]

[0081] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with a memory 376 that stores program codes and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 is responsible for demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, decoding, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

[0056]

[0082] At least one of the Tx processor 368, the Rx processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to perform aspects related to the sense signal component 198 of FIG.

[0057]

[0083] At least one of the Tx processor 368, the Rx processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to perform aspects associated with the sensing component 199 of FIG.

[0058]

[0084] At least one of the Tx processor 316, the Rx processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 may be configured to perform aspects associated with the sense signal component 198 of FIG.

[0059]

[0085] At least one of the Tx processor 316, the Rx processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 may be configured to perform aspects associated with the sensing component 199 of FIG.

[0060]

[0086] 4 is a diagram 400 illustrating an example of a RIS 404 configured to receive a signal 414 from a network node 406 and forward (e.g., reflect) a signal 412 toward a network node 402. The network node 402 may be a wireless device configured to transmit the signal 412, such as the UE 104 or base station 102 of FIG. 1. The network node 406 may be a wireless device configured to receive the signal 414, such as the UE 104 or base station 102 of FIG. 1. The RIS 404 may have an antenna 408 that may be used to transmit data, such as an indication of frequency-domain compensation factors, to the network node 402 or the network node 406. One or more meta-elements 407 of a metasurface of the RIS 404 may be configured to reflect the signal 412 as a signal 414. One or more of the meta-elements 407 of the RIS 404 may be configured to sense one or more attributes of the signal 412, such as AoA or signal strength.

[0061]

[0087] The RIS 404 may have an ultra-thin surface inlaid with multiple meta-elements 407, which may also be referred to as sub-wavelength scatterers or RIS elements. The electromagnetic response, such as the phase shift, of each of the meta-elements 407 may be controlled by a programmable PIN diode or varactor diode. Each of the meta-elements 407 may be configured to reflect the signal 412 in a desired direction. The configuration of one or more reflective elements may be used to direct the signal 412 in a desired direction. For example, one or more reflection coefficients of one of the meta-elements 407 may be altered to change the direction in which the signal 414 is centered. For example, a first coefficient may be altered to change the amplitude of the signal 414, and a second coefficient may be altered to shift the phase of the signal 414. The configuration of the meta-elements 407 of the RIS 404 may depend on knowledge of the direction of the incident wave of the signal 412. In other words, the accuracy of where one of the meta elements 407 centers or points the signal 414 can be increased using information about the direction in which the signal 412 approaches the meta element 407, or the AoA of the signal 412 relative to the meta element 407.

[0062]

[0088] The RIS 404 may enable the network node 402 and the network node 406 to communicate with each other using wireless signals even when a line-of-sight (LOS) path does not exist between the transceiver of the network node 402 and the transceiver of the network node 406. Without the RIS 404, the network node 402 may have a limited coverage distance due to in-return transmissions. Without the RIS 404, the network node 402 may have a coverage hole in transmissions to wireless devices, such as the network node 406, if no LOS link exists between the network node 402 and the transmission target. Without the RIS 404, the network node 402 may not have enough positioning reference points because one network node may provide one reference point. Using the RIS 404, the RIS 404 can extend the coverage distance through RIS beamforming. Using the RIS 404, the RIS 404 can eliminate coverage holes by using the RIS 404 as a relay point. The RIS 404 may have a flexible deployment with a line-of-sight link to a coverage hole of the network node 402. In the RIS 404, an additional reference point having the position of the RIS 404 may be added as a positioning reference point for positioning measurements.

[0063]

[0089] The signal 412 is a signal having an incident angle θ i 414 may be transmitted from the network node 406 towards the RIS 404 at a reflection angle θ r The incident angle θ may be reflected or forwarded from the RIS 404 towards the network node 402. i and reflection angle θ rmay be estimated by the network node 406 in any suitable manner, for example, based on the location indication of the network node 402, the location indication of the RIS 404, and the location indication of the network node 402. The network node 402 may send a query to an LMF, such as the LMF 166 of FIG. 1, to retrieve location information associated with the network node 402, the RIS 404, and / or the network node 406, respectively. In some aspects, at least one of the network node 402, the RIS 404, and / or the network node 406 may perform positioning using one or more positioning reference signals to retrieve location information associated with the network node 402, the RIS 404, and / or the network node 406, respectively. In some aspects, at least one of the network node 402, the RIS 404, and / or the network node 406 may perform sensing using one or more sensing reference signals to retrieve location information associated with the network node 402, the RIS 404, and / or the network node 406, respectively. In some aspects, the location / position of network node 402, RIS 404, and / or network node 406 may be fixed.

[0064]

[0090] Section 420 of RIS 404 may include element 422, element 424, and element 428. The elements may be identified as elements 1 through n. Signal 412 is incident on the RIS 404 at an angle of incidence θ i and approach each of the elements 422, 424, and 428 at a reflection angle θ r The light may be reflected by each of the elements 422, 424, and 428 at an angle of reflection θ rn The equivalent channel response value of the nth element of the RIS 404 in, for example, element 428, may be estimated as follows:

[0065]

number

[0066]

[0091]

number

[0067] may be the reflection coefficient of element n, such as element 428.

[0068]

[0092] d n may be the distance between the nth element and the first element, such as the distance between element 428 and element 422.

[0069]

[0093] j may be a complex-valued symbol.

[0070]

[0094] λ may be the wavelength of the signal reflected from element n, such as element 428.

[0071]

[0095] α n may be the amplitude of the reflection coefficient at the nth element. n may be the phase of the reflection coefficient at the nth element.

[0072]

[0096] reflection angle θ r The overall equivalent channel response value of all elements of RIS 404 in may be estimated as follows:

[0073]

number

[0074]

[0097] The reflection coefficient is

[0075]

number

[0076] If φ n The value of may be estimated as follows:

[0077]

number

[0078]

[0098] The reflected beam is directed in the direction θ r It can refer to:

[0079]

[0099] The coefficient amplitude and phase values ​​of each meta-element 407 of the RIS 404 are selected from a limited set of candidate reflection coefficients {(a1, Φ1), (a2, Φ2),..., (a M ,Φ M )}, where a m may be the amplitude of the m-th candidate reflection coefficient, and Φ m may be the phase of the mth candidate reflection coefficient. In other words, the actual beam shape is calculated from the ideal estimated beam direction θ r The more meta-elements 407 there are in the RIS 404, the closer the actual beam shape can be to the ideal beam, which is related to the estimated beam direction θ r This can improve the accuracy of the calculation.

[0080]

[0100] For the RIS 404, the amplitude and phase of the reflection coefficients in each meta element 407 may vary with frequency. The amplitude and / or phase relationship to frequency characteristics may depend on the hardware configuration of the RIS 404. In some aspects, the coefficient phase of each meta element may vary substantially linearly with frequency. In other aspects, the coefficient phase of each meta element may vary nonlinearly with frequency. In some aspects, the coefficient amplitude may have a small variation with frequency. For each meta element configuration, the reflection coefficient amplitude and phase may be frequency dependent and may be represented by: Ψ(f)={(a1(f),Φ1(f)),(a2(f),Φ2(f)),...,(a M (f),Φ M (f))}

[0081]

[0101] If the RIS 404 is configured to reflect a signal, such frequency-dependent characteristics of the RIS 404 (e.g., amplitude, phase) may be included in the equivalent channel state value. In other words, the frequency-dependent characteristics of the RIS 404 may not affect the operation of the RIS 404 in the transceiver. If the RIS 404 is configured to detect a signal, such frequency-dependent characteristics of the RIS 404 may interfere with the estimation of the propagation delay and target object distance, which may result in reduced estimation accuracy. Such problems may be exacerbated when the signal 412 has a large bandwidth.

[0082]

[0102] Without such frequency dependence, in the presence of a path with delay τ, the estimated channel state value at the kth subcarrier can be estimated as

[0083]

number

[0084] All subcarriers {r k By performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) on}, the delay τ can be estimated with greater accuracy.

[0085]

[0103] With such frequency-dependent characteristics, the overall equivalent channel response value associated with the RIS 404 may be different for multiple subcarriers. In other words, the estimated channel state value at the kth subcarrier may be estimated as follows:

[0086]

number

[0087]

[0104] In the formula, h k h can be the overall equivalent channel response value at the kth subcarrier. kSince r can vary in the frequency domain due to the frequency-dependent characteristics of the RIS reflection coefficients, the delay τ can be calculated by subtracting {r k} may not be accurately estimated by performing an IFFT on

[0088]

[0105] To improve the estimation of reflected sensed signals using a RIS, the transmitting network node can configure sensed signal resources at the RIS. Each sensed signal resource is associated with an incident beam direction angle (e.g., θ i ) and the reflected beam direction angle (e.g., θ r ) for each sensing signal resource, e.g., a band or sub-band of the sensing signal. i ) and / or the reflected beam direction angle (θ r ) may be transmitted to the RIS. The RIS may calculate the respective frequency domain compensation coefficients for each detection signal resource and instruct the detection signal receiver to calculate the frequency domain compensation coefficients for each subcarrier k and detection signal resource l. k (θ r,l ) for each element n in the RIS. n , the reflection coefficient amplitude and phase for each frequency Ψ(f), and / or the estimated channel state value r for each subcarrier k kand transmit such calculated values ​​to the sensing signal receiver for detection. The sensing signal receiver can perform detection based on the instruction of the respective frequency-domain compensation coefficients. The detecting may include estimating a propagation delay and a distance to the target object. For example, the network node 402 transmitting the signal 412 to the RIS 404 may configure sensing signal resources to the RIS 404. The RIS 404 may calculate and indicate to the network node 406 respective frequency-domain compensation coefficients for each sensing signal resource. The network node 406 may perform detection based on the instruction received from the RIS 404. Disturbances due to the frequency-dependent characteristics of the reflection coefficients of the RIS meta-element can be mitigated by enabling the RIS to indicate the frequency-domain compensation coefficients to the signal receiver so that the signal receiver can perform detection using the frequency-domain compensation coefficients. For example, the signal receiver can more accurately estimate the delay value by performing an IFFT based on a set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients. Enabling the signal receiver to perform detection using the received frequency-domain compensation coefficients may improve RIS-based detection with wide-bandwidth sensing signals.

[0089]

[0106] The network node 402 or the network node 406 may have a sensing signal configuration component 198 configured to transmit a configuration of a set of resources for at least one sensing signal. Each of the sets of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. The sensing signal configuration component 198 may be configured to transmit the at least one sensing signal based on the configuration of the set of resources.

[0090]

[0107] The network node 402 or the network node 406 may include a sensing component 199 configured to receive an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of a set of resources for at least one sensed signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. The sensing component 199 may be configured to receive the at least one sensed signal via the wireless device. The sensing component 199 may be configured to perform a sensing operation on the at least one sensed signal based on the indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources.

[0091]

[0108] The RIS 404 may include a compensation coefficient estimation component 197 configured to receive a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detected signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. The compensation coefficient estimation component 197 may be configured to transmit an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources based on the configuration. The compensation coefficient estimation component 197 may be configured to receive and forward the at least one detected signal based on the set of resources.

[0092]

[0109] The compensation coefficient estimation component 197 may reside within a processor of the RIS 404. The compensation coefficient estimation component 197 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the described processes / algorithms, may be implemented by one or more processors configured to execute the described processes / algorithms, may be stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. In one configuration, the RIS 404 may include means for receiving a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. The RIS 404 may include means for transmitting an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources based on the configuration. The RIS 404 may include means for receiving and forwarding at least one detection signal based on the set of resources. The RIS 404 may include means for receiving and forwarding at least one detection signal based on the set of resources by reflecting the at least one detection signal based on the set of resources. The RIS 404 may include means for estimating at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources based on at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. The RIS 404 may include means for transmitting an indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources based on the configuration by transmitting an indication based on the estimation of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor. The RIS 404 may include:

[0093]

number

[0094] The RIS 404 may include means for estimating a frequency-domain compensation coefficient for the nth element of the wireless device as: ∑ n = n ... The RIS 404 may include means for receiving a configuration of a set of resources for at least one sensing signal by receiving a configuration from a first network node. The RIS 404 may include means for transmitting an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation factor by transmitting an instruction to the first network node. The RIS 404 may include means for receiving and forwarding the at least one sensing signal based on the set of resources by receiving the at least one sensing signal from the first network node. The RIS 404 may include means for receiving and forwarding the at least one sensing signal based on the set of resources by forwarding the at least one sensing signal to a second network node. The RIS 404 may include means for forwarding the at least one sensing signal to the second network node by forwarding the at least one sensing signal to the second network node via the target object.The RIS 404 may include means for receiving a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detected signal by receiving a configuration from the first network node. The RIS 404 may include means for transmitting an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation factor by transmitting an instruction to the first network node. The RIS 404 may include means for receiving and forwarding the at least one detected signal based on the set of resources by receiving the at least one detected signal from the first network node. The RIS 404 may include means for receiving and forwarding the at least one detected signal based on the set of resources by forwarding the at least one detected signal to the first network node. The RIS 404 may include means for forwarding the at least one detected signal to the first network node by forwarding the at least one detected signal to the first network node via a target object that reflects the at least one detected signal back to the wireless device. The RIS 404 may include means for estimating at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources based on at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. The RIS 404 may include means for transmitting an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources based on the configuration by transmitting an indication based on the estimation of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor, which may be compensation factor estimation component 197 of the RIS 404 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.

[0095]

[0110] 5A is a diagram 500 illustrating a RIS 504 configured to avoid a signal block 508 by reflecting a signal 512 from a network node 502 to a network node 506 via a signal 514. The network node 502 may configure sense signal resources for the signal 512 to the RIS 504. The network node 502 may be a base station, such as the base station 102 of FIG. 1. Each sense signal resource is configured to reflect an incident beam direction angle (e.g., θ i) and the reflected beam direction angle (e.g., θ r ) The RIS 504 can calculate a respective frequency-domain compensation factor for each sensed signal resource and indicate it to the network node 506 as a sensed signal receiver. The network node 506 can be a UE, such as the UE 104 of FIG. 1, or a base station, such as the base station 102 of FIG. 1. The network node 506 can perform sensing based on the indication of the respective frequency-domain compensation factor for each sensed signal resource. The sensing can estimate the propagation delay of the signal 514 by reflecting off the RIS 504. Such a system can also be used to locate a target object, for example, when the network node 506 is a UE that is not at a fixed location.

[0096]

[0111] 5B is a diagram 540 illustrating a RIS 504 configured to avoid a signal block 508 by reflecting a signal 512 from a network node 502 to a network node 506 via a signal 514 reflecting from a target object 505 as a signal 516 to the network node 506. The network node 502 may configure sensed signal resources for the signal 512 to the RIS 504. The network node 502 may be a base station, such as the base station 102 of FIG. 1. Each sensed signal resource may be configured based on an incident beam direction angle (e.g., θ i ) and the reflected beam direction angle (e.g., θ r ) when the positions of the network node 502 and the RIS 504 are fixed, the network node 502 estimates the position of the RIS 504 and calculates the angle of incidence θ i may be displayed on the RIS 504.

[0097]

[0112] The RIS 504 may calculate a respective frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each sensed signal resource. The RIS 504 may sweep the reflected beam of the signal 514 and calculate the corresponding frequency-domain compensation coefficient. For example, the RIS 504 may sweep the reflected beam of the signal 514 from a first beam 521 to a second beam 522 to a third beam 523. The RIS 504 may select a corresponding reflection coefficient of each meta-element of the RIS 504 to calculate the reflection angle θ at the plurality of sensed signal resources. r The RIS 504 may estimate the frequency domain compensation coefficients based on the reflection coefficients of all meta-elements of the RIS 504.

[0098]

[0113] The signal 512 may be OFDM-based. The RIS 504 may assume that an OFDM-based detection signal is transmitted on each detection signal resource. In other words, each detection signal resource may include multiple REs of one OFDM symbol. For each beam direction, the RIS 504 may select a reflection coefficient for each meta-element from a set of Ψ candidate reflection coefficients.

[0099]

[0114] The RIS504 uses a set of Ψ reflection coefficients to determine the selected value

[0100]

number

[0101] All vectors in the theoretical value

[0102]

number

[0103] The selected value that is most similar to the theoretical value may be the selected value that has the largest correlation coefficient with the theoretical value. The overall equivalent channel response value may be estimated as follows:

[0104]

number

[0105] The equivalent channel response value h(θ r ) is the reflection angle θ r may depend on

[0106]

[0115] Since the values ​​in the set of Ψ candidate reflection coefficients may be frequency dependent, the values ​​of h at multiple subcarriers may be different. The values ​​of h at multiple subcarriers may be defined as follows:

[0107]

number

[0108] k may be the index of the subcarrier within the sensing signal resource.

[0109]

[0116] Since the values ​​of all of the parameters involved can be known by the RIS 504, the RIS 504 can calculate the reflected beam direction θ, defined as follows: r,l , and may calculate a frequency domain compensation factor for each sensed signal resource having: g k (θ r,l )=(h k (θ r,l )) -1 k may range from 1 to K. l may be an index of the sensing signal resource.

[0110]

[0117] The RIS 504 can indicate the frequency-domain compensation coefficients for each detected signal resource to a network node 506 as a detected signal receiver. The network node 506 can be a UE, such as the UE 104 in FIG. 1, or a base station, such as the base station 102 in FIG. 1. For example, the frequency-domain compensation coefficients can be transmitted as coefficients for a first beam 521, a second beam 522, and a third beam 523, as shown in Table 1 below.

[0111] [Table 2]

[0112]

[0118] In some aspects, the RIS 504 may indicate both the frequency-domain compensation factors and the reflected beam direction angle to the network node 506. In other aspects, the RIS 504 may indicate the frequency-domain compensation factors without indicating the reflected beam direction angle to the network node 506. The RIS 504 may statically or semi-statically indicate to the network node 506 a set of frequency-domain compensation factors associated with a set of sensed signal resources. The RIS 504 may calculate each frequency-domain compensation factor for each sensed signal resource l as g k (θ r,l ) can be expressed as: Each frequency domain compensation coefficient g k (θ r,l ) is the reflection direction θ r,l l may range from 1 to L sensed signal resources.

[0113]

[0119] RIS504 is a swept reflected beam direction

[0114]

number

[0115] may be configured periodically or semi-permanently. The frequency domain compensation coefficient g k (θ r,l ) may be valid for a long period of time, such as minutes or hours, which may reduce signaling overhead. k (θ r,l ) signaling may be via RRC configuration or MAC Control Element (MAC-CE) signaling.

[0116]

[0120] 1st detection signal resource

[0117]

number

[0118] The frequency-domain compensation factors for the K subcarriers in may be quantized as follows:

[0119]

number

[0120] The number of quantization bits for amplitude and / or phase may be configured by the network node 502 .

[0121] The network node 502 may transmit the sensed signal to the RIS 504 as signal 512. The RIS 504 may reflect the signal 512 to the target object 505 as signal 514. The target object 505 may reflect the signal 514 to the network node 506 as signal 516. Diagram 540 may show an example of bistatic sensing. The target object 505 may be an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The network node 506 may perform sensing based on an indication of a respective frequency-domain compensation factor for each sensed signal resource. The sensing may estimate a propagation delay and a distance to the target object 505. The network node 506 may compensate an amplitude or phase value based on the frequency-domain compensation factor for each sensed signal resource.

[0122] For a sensed signal resource l, the network node 506 can receive a signal 516 on each subcarrier. l,k where k may range from 1 to K subcarriers and l may represent the sensed signal resource. For each of the sensed signal resources, the frequency domain compensation factor g l Based on each of z, the network node 506 may compensate for amplitude and phase by multiplying the received signal by a frequency domain compensation factor. For example, the compensated signal may be l,k =y l,k ×g l,k It may be estimated by:

[0123]

[0123] The network node 506 is

[0124]

number

[0125] , τ. The network node 506 may perform an IFFT on τ. The network node 506 may estimate a delay value τ corresponding to the paths of the signal 512, the signal 514, and the signal 516 using one or more criteria. In one aspect, after performing the IFFT, the network node 506 may search for a maximum absolute value to estimate the delay value τ. In one aspect, the network node 506 may estimate a delay value τ corresponding to the path of the signal 512 having the largest channel gain. In response to the network node 506 estimating the delay value τ in two or more sensed signal resources l, the network node 506 may select the sensed signal resource l having the largest channel gain. The network node 506 may further estimate other sensing metrics using the estimated delay value τ. For example, the network node 506 may estimate a distance to the target object 505 based on the estimated delay value τ. The network node 506 may report sensing results, such as the estimated delay value τ or the estimated distance, to the network node 502.

[0126] 5C is a diagram 580 illustrating a RIS 504 configured to avoid a signal block 508 by reflecting a signal 512 from a network node 502 as a signal 514, which reflects off a target object 505 as a signal 516, which reflects off the RIS 504 as a signal 518 back to the network node 502. Diagram 580 may show an example of monostatic sensing. The target object 505 may be a UAV. The network node 502 may configure sensing signal resources for the signal 512 to the RIS 504. The network node 502 may be a base station, such as the base station 102 of FIG. 1. Each sensing signal resource may be configured to reflect an incident beam direction angle (e.g., θ i ) and the reflected beam direction angle (e.g., θ r) when the positions of the network node 502 and the RIS 504 are fixed, the network node 502 estimates the position of the RIS 504 and calculates the angle of incidence θ i may be displayed on the RIS 504.

[0127] The RIS 504 may calculate a respective frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each sensed signal resource. The RIS 504 may sweep the reflected beam of the signal 514 and calculate the corresponding frequency-domain compensation coefficient. The RIS 504 may also sweep the reflected beam of the signal 518 and calculate the corresponding frequency-domain compensation coefficient. The RIS 504 may select a corresponding reflection coefficient of each meta element of the RIS 504 to calculate the reflection angle θ at the multiple sensed signal resources. r The RIS 504 may estimate the frequency domain compensation coefficients based on the reflection coefficients of all meta-elements of the RIS 504.

[0128]

[0126] The signal 512 may be OFDM-based. The RIS 504 may assume that an OFDM-based detection signal is transmitted in each detection signal resource. In other words, each detection signal resource may include multiple REs of one OFDM symbol. For each beam direction, the RIS 504 may select a reflection coefficient for each meta-element from a set of Ψ candidate reflection coefficients.

[0129]

[0127] The RIS 504 uses the set of candidate reflection coefficients Ψ to determine the selected value

[0130]

number

[0131] All vectors in the theoretical value

[0132]

number

[0133] The selected value that is most similar to the theoretical value may be the selected value that has the largest correlation coefficient with the theoretical value. The overall equivalent channel response value may be estimated as follows:

[0134]

number

[0135] The equivalent channel response value h(θ r ) is the reflection angle θ r may depend on

[0136]

[0128] Since the values ​​in the set of Ψ candidate reflection coefficients may be frequency dependent, the values ​​of h at multiple subcarriers may be different. The values ​​of h at multiple subcarriers may be defined as follows:

[0137]

number

[0138] k may be the index of the subcarrier within the sensing signal resource.

[0139] Since the values ​​of all of the parameters involved can be known by the RIS 504, the RIS 504 can calculate the reflected beam direction θ, defined as follows: r,l , and may calculate a frequency domain compensation factor for each sensed signal resource having: g k (θ r,l )=(h k (θ r,l )) -1 k may range from 1 to K. l may be an index of the sensing signal resource.

[0140] In some aspects, the RIS 504 may estimate each frequency-domain compensation coefficient as the product of the UL beam and the DL beam. In other words, the RIS 504 can estimate the frequency-domain compensation coefficient as the product of two components corresponding to two RIS reflections, namely, the first reflection from signal 512 to signal 514 and the second reflection from signal 516 to signal 518. The two reflections may also have two directions, namely, the UL direction and the DL direction. The frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each sensed signal resource l may be calculated as the product of the UL component and the DL component, as follows:

[0141]

number

[0142] During the ceremony,

[0143]

number

[0144] may be the frequency domain compensation coefficient at subcarrier k and sensed signal resource l calculated in the DL direction;

[0145]

number

[0146] , k may be the frequency domain compensation factor at subcarrier k and sensed signal resource l calculated in the UL direction.

[0147] The RIS 504 can indicate a respective frequency-domain compensation factor for each sensed signal resource to the network node 502 as a sensed signal receiver. In some aspects, the RIS 504 may indicate both the frequency-domain compensation factor and the reflected beam direction angle to the network node 502. In other aspects, the RIS 504 may indicate the frequency-domain compensation factor without indicating the reflected beam direction angle to the network node 502. The RIS 504 may statically or semi-statically indicate to the network node 502 a set of frequency-domain compensation factors associated with a set of sensed signal resources.

[0148] The network node 502 may transmit the sensed signal to the RIS 504 as signal 512. The signal 512 may be reflected by the RIS 504 as signal 514 to the target object 505. The signal 514 may be reflected by the target object 505 as signal 516 to the RIS 504. The signal 516 may be reflected by the RIS 504 as signal 518 to the network node 502. The network node 502 may perform sensing based on an indication of a respective frequency-domain compensation factor for each sensed signal resource. The sensing may estimate a propagation delay and a distance to the target object 505. The network node 502 may compensate for amplitude or phase mismatches based on the frequency-domain compensation factor for each sensed signal resource.

[0149] For a sensed signal resource l, the network node 502 may receive a signal 518 in each subcarrier. l,k where k may range from 1 to K subcarriers and l may represent the sensed signal resource. For each of the sensed signal resources, the frequency domain compensation factor g l Based on each of z, the network node 506 may compensate for the mismatch phase by multiplying the received signal by a frequency domain compensation factor. For example, the compensated signal may be l,k =y l,k ×g l,k It may be estimated by:

[0150]

[0134] The network node 502 is

[0151]

number

[0152] , τ. The network node 502 may estimate a delay value τ corresponding to the paths of the signals 512, 514, 516, and 518 using one or more criteria. In one aspect, the network node 502 may estimate a delay value τ corresponding to the path of the signal 512 having the largest channel gain. In response to the network node 502 estimating the delay value τ in two or more sensed signal resources l, the network node 502 may select the sensed signal resource l having the largest channel gain. The network node 502 may further estimate other sensing metrics using the estimated delay value τ. For example, the network node 502 may estimate a distance to the target object 505 based on the estimated delay value τ.

[0153] 6 is a connection flow diagram 600 illustrating one example of a RIS 604 configured to receive and forward a signal 518 from a network node 602 to a network node 606. The network node 602, the RIS 604, and the network node 606 may be similar to the network node 502, the RIS 504, and the network node 506, respectively, of FIG. 5A. At 608, the network node 602 may estimate an angle of incidence of the detection signal 618 when it strikes the RIS 604 and / or an angle of reflection of the detection signal 620 when it reflects off the RIS 604. The network node 602 may estimate the angle of incidence and / or the angle of reflection based on an indication of the location of the network node 602 and an indication of the location of the RIS 604.

[0154] At 610, the network node 602 may configure a set of sensor signal resources for the RIS 604. Each of the set of sensor signal resources may be associated with an angle of incidence and / or a reflected angle. The network node 602 may transmit a sensor signal configuration 612 for the set of sensor signal resources to the RIS 604. The sensor signal configuration 612 may have at least one of an angle of incidence or a reflected angle associated with each of the set of sensor signal resources. The set of sensor signal resources may include, for example, a set of beams or a set of sub-beams. The sensor signal configuration 612 may indicate, for each of the set of sensor signal resources, at least one of a set of incident beam direction angles, a range of incident beam direction angles, a set of reflected beam angles, a range of reflected beam angles, a set of incident beam direction angles associated with the set of reflected beam angles, or a range of incident beam angles associated with the range of reflected beam angles. In some aspects, the sensor signal configuration 612 indicates an incident beam direction angle θ to the RIS 604. i In some embodiments, the sensing signal configuration 612 may indicate that the RIS 604 detects an incident beam direction angle θ i 6. The network node 602 may indicate a location of the network node 602 that may be used to calculate

[0155] At 614, the RIS 604 may estimate a set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of sensed signal resources. The RIS may transmit an indication 616 of the set of frequency compensation coefficients to the network node 606. The indication 616 of the set of frequency compensation coefficients may include, for example, an equivalent channel response value h for each element n in the RIS 604. n , the reflection coefficient amplitude and phase of each frequency Ψ(f), the estimated channel state value r for each subcarrier k k , and / or the calculated frequency domain compensation coefficients g for each subcarrier k and sensed signal resource l k (θ r,l The indication 616 of the set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients may include a set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of detected signal resources and a reflected beam direction angle for each of the set of detected signal resources.

[0156]

[0138] The network node 602 may transmit the detection signal 618 to the RIS 604. The RIS 604 may reflect the detection signal 618 towards the network node 606 as a detection signal 620.

[0157] At 622, the network node 606 may perform detection on the detected signal 620 received by the network node 606. The network node 606 may perform detection on the detected signal 620 based on the indication of the set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients 616. The network node 606 may generate a detection result report 624, such as a report of a propagation delay for each of the set of detected signal resources. The network node 606 may estimate an attribute associated with the detected signal 620, such as a delay at the RIS 604 or a distance between the RIS 604 and the network node 606, based on the indication of the set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients 616. The delay value may correspond to a path of the detected signal 620 and may be calculated by performing an IFFT based on the indication of the set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients 616. The path of the detected signal 620 may include a path of the detected signal 618 from the network node 606 to the RIS 604 and / or a path of the detected signal 620 from the RIS 604 to the network node 602. The network node 606 may compensate the amplitude or phase values ​​of the sensed signal 620 based on the indication 616 of the set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The sensed result report 624 may indicate, for example, an estimated distance between the RIS 604 and the network node 606, an estimated distance between the RIS 604 and the network node 602, or an estimate of the sum of the distance between the RIS 604 and the network node 606 and the distance between the RIS 604 and the network node 602.

[0158] The network node 606 may transmit the detection result report 624 to the RIS 604. The RIS 604 may reflect the detection result report 624 to the network node 602 as a detection result report 626. In some aspects, the network node 606 may additionally or alternatively transmit the detection result report 624 to another network node.

[0159] 7 is a connection flow diagram 700 illustrating one example of a RIS 704 configured to receive and forward a detection signal 718 from a network node 702 to a network node 706. Network node 702, RIS 704, and network node 706 may be similar to network node 502, RIS 504, and network node 506, respectively, of FIG. 5A. At 708, network node 702 may estimate an angle of incidence of the detection signal 718 when it strikes the RIS 704 and / or an angle of reflection of the detection signal 720 when it reflects off the RIS 704. Network node 702 may estimate the angle of incidence and / or angle of reflection based on an indication of the location of network node 702 and an indication of the location of the RIS 704.

[0160] At 710, the network node 702 may configure a set of sensor signal resources for the RIS 704. Each of the set of sensor signal resources may be associated with an angle of incidence and / or a reflected angle. The network node 702 may transmit a sensor signal configuration 712 for the set of sensor signal resources to the RIS 704. The sensor signal configuration 712 may have at least one of an angle of incidence or a reflected angle associated with each of the set of sensor signal resources. The set of sensor signal resources may include, for example, a set of beams or a set of sub-beams. The sensor signal configuration 712 may indicate, for each of the set of sensor signal resources, at least one of a set of incident beam direction angles, a range of incident beam direction angles, a set of reflected beam angles, a range of reflected beam angles, a set of incident beam direction angles associated with the set of reflected beam angles, or a range of incident beam angles associated with the range of reflected beam angles. In some aspects, the sensor signal configuration 712 indicates an incident beam direction angle θ to the RIS 704. i In some embodiments, the sensing signal configuration 712 may indicate that the RIS 704 detects an incident beam direction angle θ i 7. The network node 702 may indicate the location of a network node 702 that may be used to calculate

[0161] At 714, the RIS 704 may estimate a set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of sensed signal resources. The RIS may transmit an indication 716 of the set of frequency compensation coefficients to the network node 706. The indication 716 of the set of frequency compensation coefficients may be used to estimate an equivalent channel response value h for each element n in the RIS 704. n , the reflection coefficient amplitude and phase of each frequency Ψ(f), the estimated channel state value r for each subcarrier k k , and / or the calculated frequency domain compensation coefficients g for each subcarrier k and sensed signal resource l k (θ r,l The indication of the set of frequency-domain compensation factors 716 may include a set of frequency-domain compensation factors for each of the set of sensed signal resources and a reflected beam direction angle for each of the set of sensed signal resources.

[0162]

[0144] The network node 702 may transmit a detection signal 718 to the RIS 704. The RIS 704 may reflect the detection signal 718 towards the network node 706 as a detection signal 720.

[0163] At 722, the network node 706 may perform detection on the detected signal 720 received by the network node 706. The network node 706 may perform detection on the detected signal 720 based on the indication of the set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients 716. The network node 706 may generate a detection result report 724, such as a report of a propagation delay for each of the set of detected signal resources. The network node 706 may estimate an attribute associated with the detected signal 720, such as a delay at the RIS 704 or a distance between the RIS 704 and the network node 706, based on the indication of the set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients 716. The delay value may correspond to a path of the detected signal 720 and may be calculated by performing an IFFT based on the indication of the set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients 716. The path of the detected signal 720 may include a path of the detected signal 718 from the network node 706 to the RIS 704 and / or a path of the detected signal 720 from the RIS 704 to the network node 702. The network node 706 may compensate the amplitude or phase values ​​of the sensed signal 720 based on the indication 716 of the set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The sensed result report 724 may indicate, for example, an estimated distance between the RIS 704 and the network node 706, an estimated distance between the RIS 704 and the network node 702, or an estimate of the sum of the distance between the RIS 704 and the network node 706 and the distance between the RIS 704 and the network node 702.

[0164] The network node 706 may output the detection result report 724 to the network node 702. The network node 706 may have a line-of-sight (LOS) path for transmitting the detection result report 724 directly from the network node 706 to the network node 702. In other words, there may not be a block such as the signal block 508 of FIG. 5A between the network node 702 and the network node 706. In other aspects, the network node 706 and the network node 702 may be connected via a backhaul link or a midhaul link that enables the network node 706 to output the detection result report directly from the network node 706 to the network node 702. In some aspects, the network node 706 may additionally or alternatively transmit the detection result report 724 to another network node.

[0165] 8 is a connection flow diagram 800 illustrating an example of a RIS 804 configured to receive and forward a detection signal 818 from a network node 802 to a network node 806 via a target object 805. The network node 802, the RIS 804, the target object 805, and the network node 806 may be similar to the network node 502, the RIS 504, the target object 505, and the network node 506, respectively, of FIG. 5B. At 808, the network node 802 may estimate an angle of incidence of the detection signal 818 when it strikes the RIS 804 and / or an angle of reflection of the detection signal 820 when it reflects off the RIS 804. The network node 802 may estimate the angle of incidence and / or the angle of reflection based on an indication of the location of the network node 802 and an indication of the location of the RIS 804.

[0166] At 810, the network node 802 may configure a set of sensor signal resources for the RIS 804. Each of the set of sensor signal resources may be associated with an angle of incidence and / or a reflected angle. The network node 802 may transmit a sensor signal configuration 812 for the set of sensor signal resources to the RIS 804. The sensor signal configuration 812 may have at least one of an association of an angle of incidence or an angle of reflection with each of the set of sensor signal resources. The set of sensor signal resources may include, for example, a set of beams or a set of sub-beams. The sensor signal configuration 812 may indicate, for each of the set of sensor signal resources, at least one of a set of incident beam direction angles, a range of incident beam direction angles, a set of reflected beam angles, a range of reflected beam angles, a set of incident beam direction angles associated with the set of reflected beam angles, or a range of incident beam angles associated with the range of reflected beam angles. In some aspects, the sensor signal configuration 812 indicates an incident beam direction angle θ to the RIS 804. i In some embodiments, the sensing signal configuration 812 may indicate that the RIS 804 detects an incident beam direction angle θ i 8. The network node 802 may indicate the location of the network node 802 that may be used to calculate

[0167] At 814, the RIS 804 may estimate a set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of sensed signal resources. The RIS may transmit an indication 816 of the set of frequency compensation coefficients to the target object 805. The indication 816 of the set of frequency compensation coefficients may be, for example, an equivalent channel response value h for each element n in the RIS 804. n , the reflection coefficient amplitude and phase of each frequency Ψ(f), the estimated channel state value r for each subcarrier k k , and / or the calculated frequency domain compensation coefficients g for each subcarrier k and sensed signal resource l k (θ r,l) The indications of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients 816 may include a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of sensed signal resources and a reflected beam direction angle for each of the set of sensed signal resources. The target object 805 may reflect the indications of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients 816 to the network node 806 as indications of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients 817. The target object 805 may include a UAV configured to reflect signals from the RIS 804 to the network node 806. The target object 805 may also be configured to reflect signals from the network node 806 to the RIS 804. In some aspects, the RIS 804 may transmit the indications of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients 816 directly to the network node 806 instead of or in addition to transmitting the indications of a set of frequency compensation coefficients 832 to the target object 805.

[0168] The network node 802 may transmit a detection signal 818 to the RIS 804. The RIS 804 may reflect the detection signal 818 as a detection signal 820 toward the target object 805. The target object 805 may reflect the detection signal 820 as a detection signal 821 toward the network node 806.

[0169] At 822, the network node 806 may perform detection on the detected signal 821 received by the network node 806. The network node 806 may perform detection on the detected signal 821 based on the indications 817 of the set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients. The network node 806 may generate a detection result report 824, such as a report of a propagation delay and / or a distance to the target object 805 for each of the set of detected signal resources. The network node 806 may estimate an attribute associated with the detected signal 821, such as a delay at the RIS 804 or a distance between the RIS 804 and the target object 805, based on the indications 817 of the set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients. The delay value may correspond to a path of the detected signal 821 and may be calculated by performing an IFFT based on the indications 817 of the set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients. The path of the sensed signal 821 may include the path of the sensed signal 818 from the network node 806 to the RIS 804, the path of the sensed signal 820 from the RIS 804 to the target object 805, and / or the path of the sensed signal 821 from the target object 805 to the network node 802. The network node 806 may compensate the amplitude or phase values ​​of the sensed signal 821 based on the indication 817 of the set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The sensed result report 824 may indicate, for example, an estimated distance between the RIS 804 and the target object 805, an estimated distance between the target object 805 and the network node 806, or an estimated distance between the RIS 804 and the network node 802, or an estimate of the sum of the distances between the network node 802 and the RIS 804, the distance between the RIS 804 and the target object 805, and the distance between the target object 805 and the network node 806.

[0170] The network node 806 may transmit the detection result report 824 to the target object 805. The target object 805 may reflect the detection result report 824 to the RIS 804 as a detection result report 825. The RIS 804 may reflect the detection result report 825 to the network node 802 as a detection result report 826. In some aspects, the network node 806 may additionally or alternatively transmit the detection result report 824 to another wireless device. For example, the network node 806 may transmit the detection result report 824 directly to the RIS 804 instead of, or in addition to, transmitting the detection result report 834 to the target object 805. In another example, the network node 806 can transmit the detection result report to another network node, which can process the detection result report or forward the detection result report to the network node 802.

[0171] 9 is a connection flow diagram 900 illustrating an example of a RIS 904 configured to receive and forward a detection signal 918 from a network node 902 to a network node 906 via a target object 905. The network node 902, the RIS 904, the target object 905, and the network node 906 may be similar to the network node 502, the RIS 504, the target object 505, and the network node 506, respectively, of FIG. 5B. At 908, the network node 902 may estimate an angle of incidence of the detection signal 918 when it strikes the RIS 904 and / or an angle of reflection of the detection signal 920 when it reflects off the RIS 904. The network node 902 may estimate the angle of incidence and / or the angle of reflection based on an indication of the location of the network node 902 and an indication of the location of the RIS 904.

[0172] At 910, the network node 902 may configure a set of sensor signal resources for the RIS 904. Each of the set of sensor signal resources may be associated with an angle of incidence and / or a reflected angle. The network node 902 may transmit a sensor signal configuration 912 for the set of sensor signal resources to the RIS 904. The sensor signal configuration 912 may have at least one of an association of an angle of incidence or an angle of reflection with each of the set of sensor signal resources. The set of sensor signal resources may include, for example, a set of beams or a set of sub-beams. The sensor signal configuration 912 may indicate, for each of the set of sensor signal resources, at least one of a set of incident beam direction angles, a range of incident beam direction angles, a set of reflected beam angles, a range of reflected beam angles, a set of incident beam direction angles associated with the set of reflected beam angles, or a range of incident beam angles associated with the range of reflected beam angles. In some aspects, the sensor signal configuration 912 indicates an incident beam direction angle θ to the RIS 904. i In some aspects, the sensing signal configuration 912 may indicate that the RIS 904 detects an incident beam direction angle θ i , which may indicate the location of the network node 902 that may be used to calculate

[0173] At 914, the RIS 904 may estimate a set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of sensed signal resources. The RIS may transmit an indication 916 of the set of frequency compensation coefficients to the target object 905. The indication 916 of the set of frequency compensation coefficients may be, for example, an equivalent channel response value h for each element n in the RIS 904. n , the reflection coefficient amplitude and phase of each frequency Ψ(f), the estimated channel state value r for each subcarrier k k , and / or the calculated frequency domain compensation coefficients g for each subcarrier k and sensed signal resource l k (θ r,l) The indication of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients 916 may include a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of sensed signal resources and a reflected beam direction angle for each of the set of sensed signal resources. The target object 905 may reflect the indication of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients 916 to the network node 906 as an indication of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients 917. The target object 905 may include a UAV configured to reflect a signal from the RIS 904 to the network node 906. The target object 905 may also be configured to reflect a signal from the network node 906 to the RIS 904. In some aspects, the RIS 904 may transmit the indication of a set of frequency domain compensation coefficients 916 directly to the network node 906 instead of or in addition to transmitting the indication of a set of frequency compensation coefficients 932 to the target object 905.

[0174] The network node 902 may transmit a detection signal 918 to the RIS 904. The RIS 904 may reflect the detection signal 918 as a detection signal 920 toward the target object 905. The target object 905 may reflect the detection signal 920 as a detection signal 921 toward the network node 906.

[0175] At 922, the network node 906 may perform detection on the detected signal 921 received by the network node 906. The network node 906 may perform detection on the detected signal 921 based on the indication 917 of the set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients. The network node 906 may generate a detection result report 924, such as a report of a propagation delay and / or a distance to the target object 905 for each of the set of detected signal resources. The network node 906 may estimate an attribute associated with the detected signal 921, such as a delay at the RIS 904 or a distance between the RIS 904 and the target object 905, based on the indication 917 of the set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients. The delay value may correspond to a path of the detected signal 921 and may be calculated by performing an IFFT based on the indication 917 of the set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients. The path of the sensed signal 921 may include the path of the sensed signal 918 from the network node 906 to the RIS 904, the path of the sensed signal 920 from the RIS 904 to the target object 905, and / or the path of the sensed signal 921 from the target object 905 to the network node 902. The network node 906 may compensate the amplitude or phase values ​​of the sensed signal 921 based on the indication 917 of the set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The sensed result report 924 may indicate, for example, an estimated distance between the RIS 904 and the target object 905, or an estimated distance between the target object 905 and the network node 906, or an estimated distance between the RIS 904 and the network node 902, or an estimate for the sum of the distances between the network node 902 and the RIS 904, the distance between the RIS 904 and the target object 905, and the distance between the target object 905 and the network node 906.

[0176] The network node 906 may output the detection result report 924 to the network node 902. The network node 906 may have an LOS path for transmitting the detection result report 924 directly from the network node 906 to the network node 902. In other words, a block such as the signal block 508 of FIG. 5B may not exist between the network node 902 and the network node 906. In other aspects, the network node 906 and the network node 902 may be connected via a backhaul link or a midhaul link that enables the network node 906 to output the detection result report directly from the network node 906 to the network node 902. In some aspects, the network node 906 may additionally or alternatively transmit the detection result report 924 to another wireless device. For example, the network node 906 may transmit the detection result report 924 to the RIS 904 instead of or in addition to transmitting the detection result report 934 to the network node 902. RIS 904 may reflect detection result report 934 to network node 902 as detection result report 936. In another example, network node 906 can transmit the detection result report to another network node, which can process the detection result report or forward the detection result report to network node 902.

[0177] 10 is an alternative connection flow diagram 1000 illustrating one example of a RIS 1004 configured to receive and forward a detection signal 1018 from a network node 1002 to a network node 1006 via a target object 1005. The network node 1002, the RIS 1004, the target object 1005, and the network node 1006 may be similar to the network node 902, the RIS 904, the target object 905, and the network node 906, respectively, of FIG. 9. At 1008, the network node 1002 may estimate an angle of incidence of the detection signal 1018 when it strikes the RIS 1004 and / or an angle of reflection of the detection signal 1020 when it reflects off the RIS 1004. The network node 1002 may estimate the angle of incidence and / or the angle of reflection based on an indication of the location of the network node 1002 and an indication of the location of the RIS 1004.

[0178] At 1010, the network node 1002 may configure a set of sensor signal resources for the RIS 1004. Each of the set of sensor signal resources may be associated with an angle of incidence and / or a reflected angle. The network node 1002 may transmit a sensor signal configuration 1012 for the set of sensor signal resources to the RIS 1004. The sensor signal configuration 1012 may have at least one of an association of an angle of incidence or an angle of reflection with each of the set of sensor signal resources. The set of sensor signal resources may include, for example, a set of beams or a set of sub-beams. The sensor signal configuration 1012 may indicate, for each of the set of sensor signal resources, at least one of a set of incident beam direction angles, a range of incident beam direction angles, a set of reflected beam angles, a range of reflected beam angles, a set of incident beam direction angles associated with the set of reflected beam angles, or a range of incident beam angles associated with the range of reflected beam angles. In some aspects, the sensor signal configuration 1012 indicates an incident beam direction angle θ to the RIS 1004. i In some embodiments, the sensing signal configuration 1012 may indicate that the RIS 1004 detects an incident beam direction angle θ i, may indicate the location of the network node 1002 that may be used to calculate

[0179] At 1014, the RIS 1004 may estimate a set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of detected signal resources. The indication 1016 of the set of frequency compensation coefficients may be, for example, an equivalent channel response value h for each element n in the RIS 604. n , the reflection coefficient amplitude and phase of each frequency Ψ(f), the estimated channel state value r for each subcarrier k k , and / or the calculated frequency domain compensation coefficients g for each subcarrier k and sensed signal resource l k (θ r,l ). The indication of a set of frequency domain compensation factors 1016 may include a set of frequency domain compensation factors for each of the set of sensed signal resources and a reflected beam direction angle for each of the set of sensed signal resources. The RIS may transmit the indication of a set of frequency compensation factors 1016 to the network node 1002. Because the network node 1002 can communicate directly with the network node 1006 (e.g., via a line-of-sight wireless path or a backhaul / midhaul wired path), the network node 1002 can output the indication of a set of frequency compensation factors 1016 to the network node 1006 as an indication of a set of frequency compensation factors 1017. In some aspects, the RIS 1004 may additionally or alternatively transmit an indication of a set of frequency compensation factors 1032 to the network node 1006. The network node 1006 can receive the indication of a set of frequency compensation factors 1017 from the network node 1002 and / or the indication of a set of frequency compensation factors 1032 from the RIS 1004.

[0180]

[0162] The network node 1002 may transmit a detection signal 1018 to the RIS 1004. The RIS 1004 may reflect the detection signal 1018 as a detection signal 1020 towards the target object 1005. The target object 1005 may reflect the detection signal 1020 as a detection signal 1021 towards the network node 1006.

[0181] At 1022, the network node 1006 may perform detection on the detected signal 1021 received by the network node 1006. The network node 1006 may perform detection on the detected signal 1021 based on the indication 1017 of the set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The network node 1006 may generate a detection result report 1024, such as a report of a propagation delay and / or a distance to the target object 1005 for each of the set of detected signal resources. The network node 1006 may estimate an attribute associated with the detected signal 1021, for example, a delay at the RIS 1004 or a distance between the RIS 1004 and the target object 1005, based on the indication 1017 of the set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The delay value may correspond to a path of the detected signal 1021 and may be calculated by performing an IFFT based on the indication 1017 of the set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The path of the sensed signal 1021 may include the path of the sensed signal 1018 from the network node 1006 to the RIS 1004, the path of the sensed signal 1020 from the RIS 1004 to the target object 1005, and / or the path of the sensed signal 1021 from the target object 1005 to the network node 1002. The network node 1006 may compensate the amplitude or phase value of the sensed signal 1021 based on the indication 1017 of the set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The sensed result report 1024 may indicate, for example, an estimated distance between the RIS 1004 and the target object 1005, or an estimated distance between the target object 1005 and the network node 1006, or an estimated distance between the RIS 1004 and the network node 1002, or an estimate for the sum of the distances between the network node 1002 and the RIS 1004, the distance between the RIS 1004 and the target object 1005, and the distance between the target object 1005 and the network node 1006.

[0182] The network node 1006 may output the detection result report 1024 to the network node 1002. In some aspects, the network node 1006 may additionally or alternatively transmit the detection result report 1024 to another wireless device. For example, the network node 1006 may transmit the detection result report 1024 to the RIS 1004 instead of or in addition to transmitting the detection result report 1034 to the network node 1002. The RIS 1004 may reflect the detection result report 1034 to the network node 1002 as a detection result report 1036. In another example, the network node 1006 can transmit the detection result report to another network node, which can process the detection result report or forward the detection result report to the network node 1002.

[0183] 11 is a connection flow diagram 1100 illustrating one example of a RIS 1104 configured to receive a detection signal 1118 from a network node 1102 via a target object 1105 and forward it back to the network node 1102. The network node 1102, the RIS 1104, and the target object 1105 may be similar to the network node 502, the RIS 504, and the target object 505, respectively, of FIG. 5C. At 1108, the network node 1102 may estimate an angle of incidence of the detection signal 1118 when it strikes the RIS 1104 and / or an angle of reflection of the detection signal 1120 when it reflects off the RIS 1104. The network node 1102 may estimate the angle of incidence and / or the angle of reflection based on an indication of the location of the network node 1102 and an indication of the location of the RIS 1104.

[0184] At 1110, the network node 1102 may configure a set of sensor signal resources for the RIS 1104. Each of the set of sensor signal resources may be associated with an angle of incidence and / or a reflected angle. The network node 1102 may transmit a sensor signal configuration 1112 for the set of sensor signal resources to the RIS 1104. The sensor signal configuration 1112 may have at least one of an association of an angle of incidence or an angle of reflection with each of the set of sensor signal resources. The set of sensor signal resources may include, for example, a set of beams or a set of sub-beams. The sensor signal configuration 1112 may indicate, for each of the set of sensor signal resources, at least one of a set of incident beam direction angles, a range of incident beam direction angles, a set of reflected beam angles, a range of reflected beam angles, a set of incident beam direction angles associated with the set of reflected beam angles, or a range of incident beam angles associated with the range of reflected beam angles. In some aspects, the sensor signal configuration 1112 indicates an incident beam direction angle θ to the RIS 1104. i In some aspects, the sensing signal configuration 1112 may indicate that the RIS 1104 detects an incident beam direction angle θ i , may indicate the location of a network node 1102 that may be used to calculate

[0185] At 1114, the RIS 1104 may estimate a set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of sensed signal resources. The RIS 1104 may estimate at least one of the sets of frequency-domain compensation coefficients as a product of a first frequency-domain compensation coefficient for a DL reflection (e.g., a DL reflection having a sensed signal 1118 as an incident signal and a sensed signal 1120 as a reflected signal) and a second frequency-domain compensation coefficient for a UL reflection (e.g., a UL reflection having a sensed signal 1119 as an incident signal and a sensed signal 1121 as a reflected signal). The RIS may transmit an indication 1116 of the set of frequency compensation coefficients to the network node 1102. The indication 1116 of the set of frequency compensation coefficients may, for example, be an equivalent channel response value h for each element n in the RIS 1104. n, the reflection coefficient amplitude and phase of each frequency Ψ(f), the estimated channel state value r for each subcarrier k k , and / or the calculated frequency domain compensation coefficients g for each subcarrier k and sensed signal resource l k (θ r,l The indication 1116 of the set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients may include a set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of detected signal resources and a reflected beam direction angle for each of the set of detected signal resources.

[0186] The network node 1102 may transmit a detection signal 1118 to the RIS 1104. The RIS 1104 may reflect the detection signal 1118 as a detection signal 1120 toward the target object 1105. The target object 1105 may include a UAV configured to reflect a signal from a first portion of the RIS 1104 to a second portion of the RIS 1104. The target object 1105 may also be configured to reflect a signal from a third portion of the RIS 1104 to a fourth portion of the RIS 1104, providing bidirectional reflection communication. The target object 1105 may reflect the detection signal 1120 as a detection signal 1119 back toward the RIS 1104. The RIS 1104 may reflect the detection signal 1119 as a detection signal 1121 back toward the network node 1102.

[0187] At 1122, the network node 1102 may perform detection on the detected signal 1121 received by the RIS 1104. The network node 1102 may perform detection on the detected signal 1121 based on the indication 1116 of the set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients. The network node 1102 may generate a detection result report, such as a report of a propagation delay and / or a distance to the target object 1105 for each of the set of detected signal resources. The network node 1102 may estimate an attribute associated with the detected signal 1121, such as a delay at the RIS 1104 or a distance between the RIS 1104 and the target object 1105, based on the indication 1116 of the set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients. The delay value may correspond to a path of the detected signal 1121 and may be calculated by performing an IFFT based on the indication 1116 of the set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients. The path of the sensed signal 1121 may include the path of the sensed signal 1118 from the network node 1102 to the RIS 1104, the path of the sensed signal 1120 from the RIS 1104 to the target object 1105, the path of the sensed signal 1119 from the target object 1105 to the RIS 1104, and / or the path of the sensed signal 1121 from the RIS 1104 to the network node 1102. The network node 1102 may compensate the amplitude or phase value of the sensed signal 1121 based on the indication 1116 of the set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The detection result report may indicate, for example, an estimated distance between the RIS 1104 and the target object 1105, or an estimated distance between the RIS 1104 and the network node 1102, or an estimate of the sum of the distance between the network node 1102 and the RIS 1104, the distance between the RIS 1104 and the target object 1105, the distance between the target object 1105 and the RIS 1104, and the distance between the RIS 1104 and the network node 1102.

[0188] 12 is a connection flow diagram 1200 illustrating one example of a RIS 1204 configured to receive a detection signal 1218 from a network node 1202 and forward it to a target object 1205, which forwards the detection signal back to the network node 1202. The network node 1202, the RIS 1204, and the target object 1205 may be similar to the network node 502, the RIS 504, and the target object 505, respectively, of FIG. 5C. At 1208, the network node 1202 may estimate an angle of incidence of the detection signal 1218 when it strikes the RIS 1204 and / or an angle of reflection of the detection signal 1220 when it reflects off the RIS 1204. The network node 1202 may estimate the angle of incidence and / or the angle of reflection based on an indication of the location of the network node 1202 and an indication of the location of the RIS 1204.

[0189] At 1210, the network node 1202 may configure a set of sensor signal resources for the RIS 1204. Each of the set of sensor signal resources may be associated with an angle of incidence and / or a reflected angle. The network node 1202 may transmit a sensor signal configuration 1212 for the set of sensor signal resources to the RIS 1204. The sensor signal configuration 1212 may have at least one of an association of an angle of incidence or an angle of reflection with each of the set of sensor signal resources. The set of sensor signal resources may include, for example, a set of beams or a set of sub-beams. The sensor signal configuration 1212 may indicate, for each of the set of sensor signal resources, at least one of a set of incident beam direction angles, a range of incident beam direction angles, a set of reflected beam angles, a range of reflected beam angles, a set of incident beam direction angles associated with the set of reflected beam angles, or a range of incident beam angles associated with the range of reflected beam angles. In some aspects, the sensor signal configuration 1212 indicates an incident beam direction angle θ to the RIS 1204. i In some embodiments, the sensing signal configuration 1212 may indicate that the RIS 1204 detects an incident beam direction angle θ i12. The network node 1202 may indicate the location of a network node 1202 that may be used to calculate

[0190] At 1214, the RIS 1204 may estimate a set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of sensed signal resources. The RIS may transmit an indication 1216 of the set of frequency compensation coefficients to the network node 1202. The indication 1216 of the set of frequency compensation coefficients may include, for example, an equivalent channel response value h for each element n in the RIS 1204. n , the reflection coefficient amplitude and phase of each frequency Ψ(f), the estimated channel state value r for each subcarrier k k , and / or the calculated frequency domain compensation coefficients g for each subcarrier k and sensed signal resource l k (θ r,l The indication 1216 of the set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients may include a set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of detected signal resources and a reflected beam direction angle for each of the set of detected signal resources.

[0191] The network node 1202 may transmit the detection signal 1218 to the RIS 1204. The RIS 1204 may reflect the detection signal 1218 as a detection signal 1220 toward the target object 1205. The target object 1205 may include a UAV configured to reflect a signal from a first portion of the RIS 1204 to a second portion of the RIS 1204. The target object 1205 may also be configured to reflect a signal from a third portion of the RIS 1204 back to the network node 1202. The target object 1205 may reflect the detection signal 1220 as a detection signal 1219 back toward the network node 1202.

[0192] At 1222, the network node 1202 may perform detection on the detected signal 1219 from the target object 1205. The network node 1202 may perform detection on the detected signal 1219 based on the indication 1216 of the set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients. The network node 1202 may generate a detection result report, such as a report of a propagation delay and / or a distance to the target object 1205 for each of the set of detected signal resources. The network node 1202 may estimate an attribute associated with the detected signal 1219, such as a delay at the RIS 1204 or a distance between the RIS 1204 and the target object 1205, based on the indication 1216 of the set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients. The delay value may correspond to a path of the detected signal 1219 and may be calculated by performing an IFFT based on the indication 1216 of the set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients. The path of the sensed signal 1219 may include the path of the sensed signal 1218 from the network node 1202 to the RIS 1204, the path of the sensed signal 1220 from the RIS 1204 to the target object 1205, and / or the path of the sensed signal 1219 from the target object 1205 to the network node 1202. The network node 1202 may compensate the amplitude or phase values ​​of the sensed signal 1219 based on the indication 1216 of the set of frequency domain compensation coefficients. The sensed result report may indicate, for example, an estimated distance between the RIS 1204 and the target object 1205, or an estimated distance between the RIS 1204 and the network node 1202, or an estimate of the sum of the distance between the network node 1202 and the RIS 1204, the distance between the RIS 1204 and the target object 1205, the distance between the target object 1205 and the RIS 1204, and the distance between the RIS 1204 and the network node 1202.

[0193] 13 is a flowchart 1300 of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a first network node (e.g., UE 104, UE 350, base station 102, base station 310, network node 402, network node 502, network node 602, network node 702, network node 802, network node 902, network node 1002, network node 1102, network node 1202, network entity 2102, network entity 2202, network entity 2360). At 1302, the first network node may transmit a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the sets of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of a wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. For example, 1302 may be performed by network node 802 of FIG. 8, which may transmit a detection signal configuration 812 of a set of resources for a detection signal 818. Each of the sets of resources configured by the sensing signal configuration 812 can be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the RIS 804 or a reflected beam direction angle of the RIS 804. Furthermore, diagram 1302 may be performed by component 198 of FIGS.

[0194] At 1304, the first network node may transmit at least one detection signal based on a configuration of the set of resources. For example, 1304 may be performed by network node 802 of FIG. 8, which may transmit detection signal 818 based on the detection signal configuration 812 of the set of resources. Furthermore, 1304 may be performed by component 198 of FIGS. 21-23.

[0195] 14 is a flowchart 1400 of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a first network node (e.g., UE 104, UE 350, base station 102, base station 310, network node 402, network node 502, network node 602, network node 702, network node 802, network node 902, network node 1002, network node 1102, network node 1202, network entity 2102, network entity 2202, network entity 2360).

[0196] At 1401, a first network node may estimate at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device based on a first location indication of the wireless device and a second location indication of the first network node. For example, 1401 may be performed by network node 802 of FIG. 8, and may estimate at 808 at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the RIS 804 or a reflected beam direction angle of the RIS 804 based on a first location indication of the RIS 804 and a second location indication of the network node 802. Furthermore, 1401 may be performed by component 198 of FIGS. 21-23.

[0197] At 1402, a first network node may transmit a configuration of a set of resources for at least one sensing signal. Each of the sets of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of a wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. For example, 1402 may be performed by network node 802 of FIG. 8, which may transmit a sensing signal configuration 812 of a set of resources for a sensing signal 818. Each of the sets of resources configured by the sensing signal configuration 812 may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of a RIS 804 or a reflected beam direction angle of the RIS 804. Furthermore, 1402 may be performed by component 198 of FIGS. 21-23.

[0198] At 1404, the first network node may transmit at least one detection signal based on a configuration of the set of resources. For example, 1404 may be performed by network node 802 of FIG. 8, which may transmit detection signal 818 based on the detection signal configuration 812 of the set of resources. Furthermore, 1404 may be performed by component 198 of FIGS. 21-23.

[0199] At 1406, the first network node may configure a set of resources for at least one sensing signal. For example, 1406 may be performed by network node 802 of FIG. 8, which may configure a set of resources for sensing signal 818. Furthermore, 1406 may be performed by component 198 of FIGS. 21-23.

[0200] At 1408, the first network node may transmit a configuration of the set of resources based on the configured set of resources. For example, 1406 may be performed by network node 802 of FIG. 8, and network node 802 may transmit a sensing signal configuration 812 of the set of resources based on the configured set of resources. Further, 1406 may be performed by component 198 of FIGS. 21-23.

[0201] At 1410, the first network node may transmit a configuration of the set of resources to the wireless device. For example, 1410 may be performed by the network node 802 of FIG. 8, which may transmit a sensing signal configuration 812 of the set of resources to the RIS 804. Additionally, 1410 may be performed by component 198 of FIGS. 21-23.

[0202] At 1412, the first network node may transmit at least one detection signal to the second network node via the wireless device. For example, 1412 may be performed by network node 802 of Figure 8, and network node 802 may transmit detection signal 818 to network node 806 via RIS 804. Furthermore, 1412 may be performed by component 198 of Figures 21-23.

[0203] At 1414, the first network node may transmit at least one detection signal to the first network node via the wireless device. For example, 1414 may be performed by the network node 1102 of FIG. 11, and the network node 1102 may transmit the detection signal 1118 to the network node 1102 via the RIS 1104. Furthermore, 1414 may be performed by component 198 of FIGS. 21-23.

[0204] At 1416, the first network node may receive a report of a detection operation for at least one detection signal from a second network node. For example, 1416 may be performed by network node 802 of Figure 8, where network node 802 may receive a detection result report 826 of a detection operation at 822 for detection signal 818 from network node 806. Furthermore, Figure 1416 may be performed by component 198 of Figures 21-23.

[0205] 15 is a flowchart 1500 of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a first network node (e.g., UE 104, UE 350, base station 102, base station 310, network node 402, network node 502, network node 602, network node 702, network node 802, network node 902, network node 1002, network node 1102, network node 1202, network entity 2102, network entity 2202, network entity 2360). In 1502, the first network node may transmit a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the sets of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of a wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. For example, 1502 may be performed by network node 802 of FIG. 8, which may transmit a detection signal configuration 812 of a set of resources for a detection signal 818. Each of the sets of resources configured by the sensing signal configuration 812 can be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the RIS 804 or a reflected beam direction angle of the RIS 804. Furthermore, 1502 can be performed by component 198 of FIGS.

[0206] At 1504, the first network node may transmit at least one detection signal based on a configuration of the set of resources. For example, 1504 may be performed by network node 802 of FIG. 8, which may transmit detection signal 818 based on the detection signal configuration 812 of the set of resources. Furthermore, 1504 may be performed by component 198 of FIGS. 21-23.

[0207] At 1506, the first network node may receive an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of a set of resources for the at least one detected signal. For example, 1506 may be performed by the network node 1002 of Figure 10, where the network node 1002 may receive the indication 1016 of a set of frequency-domain compensation factors for each of the set of resources for the detected signal 1018. Furthermore, 1506 may be performed by component 198 of Figures 21-23.

[0208] At 1508, the first network node may output to the second network node an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources for the at least one detected signal. For example, 1506 may be performed by network node 1002 of Figure 10, which may output to network node 1006 an indication 1017 of a set of frequency compensation factors for each of the set of resources for the detected signal 1018. Furthermore, 1506 may be performed by component 198 of Figures 21-23.

[0209] At 1510, a first network node may receive an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of a set of resources for at least one detected signal. For example, 1510 may be performed by network node 1002 of Figure 10, where network node 1002 may receive an indication 1016 of a set of frequency compensation factors for each of a set of resources for the detected signal 1018. Furthermore, 1510 may be performed by component 198 of Figures 21-23.

[0210] At 1512, the first network node may receive a reflection of at least one detection signal based on the reflection through the wireless device. For example, 1512 may be performed by network node 1102 of FIG. 11, which may receive a reflection as detection signal 1121 of detection signal 1118 based on the reflection through RIS 1104. Additionally, 1512 may be performed by component 198 of FIGS. 21-23.

[0211] At 1514, the first network node may perform a detection operation on a reflection of the at least one detected signal based on the indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources. For example, 1514 may be performed by network node 802 of Figure 8, where network node 802 may perform 1122 a detection operation on a detected signal 1121, which may be a reflection of detected signal 1118, based on the indication 1116 of a set of frequency-domain compensation factors for each of the set of resources. Furthermore, 1514 may be performed by component 198 of Figures 21-23.

[0212] FIG. 16 is a flowchart 1600 of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a wireless device (e.g., RIS106, RIS404, RIS504, RIS604, RIS704, RIS804, RIS904, RIS1004, RIS1104, RIS1204). At 1602, the wireless device may receive a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the sets of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. For example, 1602 may be performed by the RIS 804 of FIG. 8, which may receive a detection signal configuration 812 of a set of resources for the detection signal 818. Each of the sets of resources configured by the detection signal configuration 812 may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the RIS 804 or a reflected beam direction angle of the RIS 804. Furthermore, 1602 may be performed by component 197 of FIG. 4.

[0213] At 1604, the wireless device may transmit an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources based on the configuration. For example, 1604 may be performed by the RIS 804 of FIG. 8, which may transmit an indication 816 of a set of frequency-domain compensation factors for each of the set of resources based on the sensing signal configuration 812. Furthermore, 1604 may be performed by component 197 of FIG. 4.

[0214] At 1606, the wireless device may receive and forward at least one detection signal based on the set of resources. For example, 1606 may be performed by the RIS 804 of FIG. 8, which may receive and forward the detection signal 818 based on the set of resources configured by the detection signal configuration 812. Furthermore, 1606 may be performed by component 197 of FIG. 4.

[0215] FIG. 17 is a flowchart 1700 of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a wireless device (e.g., RIS106, RIS404, RIS504, RIS604, RIS704, RIS804, RIS904, RIS1004, RIS1104, RIS1204). At 1702, the wireless device may receive a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the sets of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. For example, 1702 may be performed by the RIS 804 of FIG. 8, which may receive a detection signal configuration 812 of a set of resources for the detection signal 818. Each of the sets of resources configured by the detection signal configuration 812 may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the RIS 804 or a reflected beam direction angle of the RIS 804. Furthermore, 1702 may be performed by component 197 of FIG. 4.

[0216] At 1704, the wireless device may transmit an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources based on the configuration. For example, 1704 may be performed by the RIS 804 of FIG. 8, which may transmit an indication 816 of a set of frequency-domain compensation factors for each of the set of resources based on the sensing signal configuration 812. Furthermore, 1704 may be performed by component 197 of FIG. 4.

[0217] At 1706, the wireless device may receive and forward at least one detection signal based on the set of resources. For example, 1706 may be performed by the RIS 804 of FIG. 8, which may receive and forward the detection signal 818 based on the set of resources configured by the detection signal configuration 812. Furthermore, 1706 may be performed by component 197 of FIG. 4.

[0218] At 1708, the wireless device may estimate at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources based on at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. For example, 1708 may be performed by the RIS 804 of FIG. 8, where the RIS 804 may estimate 814 a set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of resources based on at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the RIS 804 or a reflected beam direction angle of the RIS 804. The RIS 804 may estimate at least one of the set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients as a product of a first frequency-domain compensation coefficient for the DL reflection and a second frequency-domain compensation coefficient for the UL reflection.

[0219]

[0201] Furthermore, 1708 can be performed by component 197 of FIG.

[0220] At 1710, the wireless device may transmit an indication based on the estimation of at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient. For example, 1710 may be performed by RIS 804 of FIG. 8, which may transmit an indication 816 of a set of frequency compensation coefficients to the target object 805 based on the estimation at 814. Furthermore, 1710 may be performed by component 197 of FIG. 4.

[0221] At 1712, the wireless device may receive a configuration from a first network node. For example, 1712 may be performed by the RIS 804 of FIG. 8, which may receive the sensing signal configuration 812 from the network node 802. Furthermore, 1712 may be performed by component 197 of FIG. 4.

[0222] At 1714, the wireless device may transmit the instruction to the first network node. For example, 1714 may be performed by RIS 1004 of FIG. 10, which may transmit the instruction 1016 to network node 1002. Further, 1714 may be performed by component 197 of FIG. 4.

[0223] At 1716, the wireless device may receive at least one detection signal from the first network node. For example, 1716 may be performed by the RIS 804 of FIG. 8, which may receive the detection signal 818 from the network node 802. Furthermore, 1716 may be performed by component 197 of FIG. 4.

[0224] At 1718, the wireless device may forward at least one detection signal to a second network node. For example, 1718 may be performed by RIS 804 of FIG. 8, which may forward detection signal 818 as detection signal 820 to network node 806 via target object 805. 1718 may also be performed by RIS 704 of FIG. 7, which may forward detection signal 718 as detection signal 720 to network node 706. Furthermore, 1718 can be performed by component 197 of FIG. 4.

[0225] At 1720, the wireless device may reflect at least one detection signal based on the set of resources. For example, 1720 may be performed by RIS 804 in FIG. 8, which may reflect detection signal 818 as detection signal 820 based on the set of resources. Furthermore, 1720 may be performed by component 197 in FIG. 4.

[0226] FIG. 18 is a flowchart 1800 of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a wireless device (e.g., RIS106, RIS404, RIS504, RIS604, RIS704, RIS804, RIS904, RIS1004, RIS1104, RIS1204). At 1802, the wireless device may receive a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the sets of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. For example, 1802 may be performed by the RIS 804 of FIG. 8, which may receive a detection signal configuration 812 of a set of resources for the detection signal 818. Each of the sets of resources configured by the detection signal configuration 812 may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the RIS 804 or a reflected beam direction angle of the RIS 804. Furthermore, 1802 may be performed by component 197 of FIG. 4.

[0227] At 1804, the wireless device may transmit an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources based on the configuration. For example, 1804 may be performed by the RIS 804 of FIG. 8, which may transmit an indication 816 of a set of frequency-domain compensation factors for each of the set of resources based on the sensing signal configuration 812. Further, 1804 may be performed by component 197 of FIG. 4.

[0228] At 1806, the wireless device may receive and forward at least one detection signal based on the set of resources. For example, 1806 may be performed by the RIS 804 of FIG. 8, which may receive and forward the detection signal 818 based on the set of resources configured by the detection signal configuration 812. Furthermore, 1806 may be performed by component 197 of FIG. 4.

[0229] At 1808, the wireless device may receive a configuration from the first network node. For example, 1808 may be performed by the RIS 804 of FIG. 8, which may receive the sensing signal configuration 812 from the network node 802. Additionally, 1808 may be performed by component 197 of FIG. 4.

[0230] At 1810, the wireless device may transmit an instruction to a second network node. For example, 1810 may be performed by the RIS 804 of FIG. 8, which may transmit the instruction 816 of the set of frequency compensation coefficients to the network node 806 via the target object 805. 1810 may also be performed by the RIS 704 of FIG. 7, which may transmit the instruction 716 of the set of frequency compensation coefficients to the network node 706. Furthermore, 1810 may be performed by component 197 of FIG. 4.

[0231] At 1812, the wireless device may receive at least one detection signal from a first network node. For example, 1812 may be performed by the RIS 804 of FIG. 8, which may receive the detection signal 818 from the network node 802. Additionally, 1812 may be performed by component 197 of FIG. 4.

[0232] At 1814, the wireless device may forward at least one detection signal to a second network node. For example, 1814 may be performed by RIS 804 of FIG. 8, which may forward detection signal 818 as detection signal 820 to network node 806 via target object 805. 1814 may also be performed by RIS 704, which may forward detection signal 718 as detection signal 720 to network node 706. Furthermore, 1814 may be performed by component 197 of FIG. 4.

[0233] At 1816, the wireless device may forward at least one detection signal via the target object to a second network node. For example, 1816 may be performed by RIS 804 of FIG. 8, which may forward the detection signal 818 via the target object 805 to the network node 806. Furthermore, 1816 may be performed by component 197 of FIG. 4.

[0234] At 1818, the wireless device may receive a configuration from the first network node. For example, 1818 may be performed by the RIS 804 of FIG. 8, which may receive the sensing signal configuration 812 from the network node 802. Additionally, 1818 may be performed by component 197 of FIG. 4.

[0235] At 1820, the wireless device may transmit the indication to the first network node. For example, 1820 may be performed by the RIS 1004 of FIG. 10, which may transmit the indication 1016 of the set of frequency compensation factors to the network node 1002. Further, 1820 may be performed by component 197 of FIG. 4.

[0236] At 1822, the wireless device may receive at least one detection signal from the first network node. For example, 1822 may be performed by the RIS 804 of FIG. 8, which may receive the detection signal 818 from the network node 802. Furthermore, 1822 may be performed by component 197 of FIG. 4.

[0237] At 1824, the wireless device may forward at least one detection signal to the first network node. For example, 1824 may be performed by the RIS 1104 of FIG. 11, which may forward the detection signal 1119 to the network node 1102 as a detection signal 1121. Furthermore, 1824 may be performed by component 197 of FIG. 4.

[0238] 19 is a flowchart 1900 of a method of wireless communications. The method may be performed by a second network node (e.g., UE 104, UE 350, base station 102, base station 310, network node 406, network node 506, network node 606, network node 706, network node 806, network node 906, network node 1102, network node 1202, network entity 2102, network entity 2202, network entity 2360). At 1902, the second network node may receive an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of a set of resources for at least one detected signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. For example, 1902 may be performed by network node 806 of FIG. 8, where network node 806 may receive an indication 817 of a set of frequency-domain compensation factors for each of a set of resources for the detected signal 821. Each of the sets of resources can be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the RIS 804 or a reflected beam direction angle of the RIS 804. Furthermore, 1902 can be performed by component 199 of FIGS.

[0239] At 1904, a second network node may receive at least one detection signal via the wireless device. For example, 1904 may be performed by network node 806 of FIG. 8, which may receive detection signal 821 via RIS 804. Additionally, 1904 may be performed by component 199 of FIGS. 21-23.

[0240]

[0222] At 1906, the second network node may perform a detection operation on the at least one detected signal based on the indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources. For example, 1906 may be performed by network node 806 of Figure 8, which may perform 822 a detection operation on the detected signal 821 based on the indication 817 of a set of frequency-domain compensation factors for each of the set of resources. Furthermore, 1906 may be performed by component 199 of Figures 21-23.

[0241] 20 is a flowchart 2000 of a method of wireless communications. The method may be performed by a second network node (e.g., UE 104, UE 350, base station 102, base station 310, network node 406, network node 506, network node 606, network node 706, network node 806, network node 906, network node 1102, network node 1202, network entity 2102, network entity 2202, network entity 2360). In 2002, the second network node may receive an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of a set of resources for at least one detected signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. For example, 2002 may be performed by network node 806 of FIG. 8, where network node 806 may receive an indication 817 of a set of frequency-domain compensation factors for each of a set of resources for the detected signal 821. Each of the sets of resources can be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the RIS 804 or a reflected beam direction angle of the RIS 804. Furthermore, 2002 can be performed by component 199 of FIGS.

[0242] At 2004, a second network node may receive at least one detection signal via the wireless device. For example, 2004 may be performed by network node 806 of FIG. 8, which may receive detection signal 821 via RIS 804. Furthermore, 2004 may be performed by component 199 of FIGS. 21-23.

[0243]

[0225] At 2006, the second network node may perform a detection operation on at least one detected signal based on the indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources. For example, 2006 may be performed by network node 806 of Figure 8, which may perform 822 a detection operation on the detected signal 821 based on the indication 817 of a set of frequency-domain compensation factors for each of the set of resources. Furthermore, 2006 may be performed by component 199 of Figures 21-23.

[0244] At 2008, the second network node may receive at least one detection signal from the first network node via the wireless device. For example, 2008 may be performed by network node 802 of FIG. 8, which may receive detection signal 821 from network node 806 via RIS 804. 2008 may also be performed by network node 702 of FIG. 7, which may receive detection signal 720 from network node 706 via RIS 704. Furthermore, 2008 may be performed by component 199 of FIGS. 21-23.

[0245] At 2010, the second network node may receive at least one detection signal from the first network node via the wireless device and the target object. For example, 2010 may be performed by network node 802 of Figure 8, which may receive detection signal 821 from network node 806 via RIS 804 and target object 805. Furthermore, 2010 may be performed by component 199 of Figures 21-23.

[0246] At 2012, the second network node may receive at least one detection signal via the wireless device based on the reflectivity capability of the wireless device. For example, 2012 may be performed by network node 806 of FIG. 8, which may receive detection signal 821 via RIS 804 based on the reflectivity capability of RIS 804. 2012 may be performed by network node 706 of FIG. 7, which may receive detection signal 720 via RIS 704 based on the reflectivity capability of RIS 704. Furthermore, 2012 may be performed by component 199 of FIGS. 21-23.

[0247] At 2014, the second network node may estimate at least one of a delay or a distance associated with the at least one detected signal based on the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources. For example, 2014 may be performed by network node 806 of FIG. 8, which may estimate at 822 at least one of a delay or a distance associated with the detected signal 821 based on the indication 817 of a set of frequency compensation factors for each of the set of resources. Furthermore, 2014 may be performed by component 199 of FIGS. 21-23.

[0248]

[0230] In 2016, the second network node may compensate at least one of the amplitude values ​​or the phase values ​​based on the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources. For example, 2016 may be performed by the network node 806 of Figure 8, where the network node 806 may compensate at least one of the amplitude values ​​or the phase values ​​based on the indication 817 of the set of frequency-domain compensation factors for each of the set of resources. Furthermore, 2016 may be performed by the component 199 of Figures 21-23.

[0249]

[0231] At 2018, the second network node may estimate a delay value corresponding to a path of the at least one detected signal by performing an IFFT based on the at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. For example, 2018 may be performed by network node 806 of Figure 8, where network node 806 may estimate a delay value corresponding to a path of the detected signal 821 by performing an IFFT based on the indication 817 of a set of frequency-domain compensation coefficients for each of the set of resources. Furthermore, 2018 may be performed by component 199 of Figures 21-23.

[0250] In 2020, the second network node may transmit a report of a detection operation for at least one detection signal to at least one of the first network node or the third network node. For example, 2020 may be performed by network node 806 of FIG. 8, where network node 806 may transmit a detection result report 824 for the detection signal 821 to network node 802 via RIS 804 and target object 805. 2020 may also be performed by network node 906 of FIG. 9, where network node 906 may transmit a detection result report 924 for the detection signal 921 to network node 902. Any of network nodes 606, 706, 806, 906, or 1006 may be configured to transmit the detection result report 624, 724, 824, 924, or 1024 to another network node. Furthermore, 2020 may be performed by component 199 of FIGS. 21-23.

[0251] FIG. 21 is a diagram 2100 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 2104. The apparatus 2104 may be a UE, may be a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, the apparatus 1504 may include a cellular baseband processor 2124 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 2122 (e.g., cellular RF transceivers). The cellular baseband processor 2124 may include on-chip memory 2124′. In some aspects, the apparatus 2104 may further include an application processor 2106 coupled to one or more subscriber identity module (SIM) cards 2120, a secure digital (SD) card 2108, and a screen 2110. The application processor 2106 may include on-chip memory 2106′. In some aspects, the device 2104 may further include a Bluetooth module 2112, a WLAN module 2114, an SPS module 2116 (e.g., a GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 2118 (e.g., a barometric pressure sensor / altimeter, an inertial management unit (IMU), a gyroscope, and / or a motion sensor such as an accelerometer, light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio assisted detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), a magnetometer, audio, and / or other technologies used for positioning), an additional memory module 2126, a power source 2130, and / or a camera 2132. The Bluetooth module 2112, the WLAN module 2114, and the SPS module 2116 may include an on-chip transceiver (TRX) (or in some cases simply a receiver (Rx)).The Bluetooth module 2112, the WLAN module 2114, and the SPS module 2116 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or utilize an antenna 2180 for communications. The cellular baseband processor 2124 communicates with the UE 104 and / or RUs associated with the network entity 2102 through transceiver(s) 2122 via one or more antennas 2180. The cellular baseband processor 2124 and the application processor 2106 may each include computer-readable media / memory 2124′, 2106′, respectively. The additional memory module 2126 may also be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory 2124′, 2106′, 2126 may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor 2124 and the application processor 2106 are each responsible for general processing, including executing software stored in the computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the cellular baseband processor 2124 / application processor 2106, causes the cellular baseband processor 2124 / application processor 2106 to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 2124 / application processor 2106 when executing the software. The cellular baseband processor 2124 / application processor 2106 may be a component of the UE 350 and may include the memory 360 and / or at least one of the Tx processor 368, the Rx processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the device 2104 may be a processor chip (modem and / or application) and may include only the cellular baseband processor 2124 and / or the application processor 2106; in another configuration, the device 2104 may be an entire UE (e.g., see UE 350 in FIG. 3) and may include additional modules of the device 2104.

[0252] As described above, component 198 is configured to transmit a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the sets of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. Component 198 may be configured to transmit at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources. Component 198 may be within the cellular baseband processor 2124, the application processor 2106, or both the cellular baseband processor 2124 and the application processor 2106. Component 198 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the described processes / algorithms, may be implemented by one or more processors configured to implement the described processes / algorithms, may be stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. As shown, device 2104 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the apparatus 2104, particularly the cellular baseband processor 2124 and / or the application processor 2106, includes means for transmitting a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. The apparatus 2104 may include means for transmitting at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources. The apparatus 2104 may include means for configuring a set of resources for at least one detection signal. The apparatus 2104 may include means for transmitting the configuration of the set of resources for at least one detection signal by transmitting the configuration of the set of resources based on the configured set of resources. The apparatus 2104 may include means for transmitting the configuration of the set of resources by transmitting the configuration of the set of resources to a wireless device. The apparatus 2104 may include means for transmitting at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources by transmitting at least one detection signal to a second network node via the wireless device.The apparatus 2104 may include means for receiving a report of a detection operation for at least one detected signal from a second network node. The apparatus 2104 may include means for receiving an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of a set of resources for the at least one detected signal. The apparatus 2104 may include means for outputting the indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources for the at least one detected signal to the second network node. The apparatus 2104 may include means for transmitting the at least one detected signal based on a configuration of the set of resources by transmitting the at least one detected signal to the first network node via the wireless device. The apparatus 2104 may include means for receiving an indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources for the at least one detected signal. The apparatus 2104 may include means for receiving a reflection of the at least one detected signal based on the reflection through the wireless device. The apparatus 2104 may include means for performing a detection operation on a reflection of the at least one detected signal based on the indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources. The apparatus 2104 may include means for estimating at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device based on a first location indication of the wireless device and a second location indication of the first network node. The means may be component 198 of the apparatus 2104 configured to perform the recited functions. As described above, the apparatus 2104 may include the Tx processor 368, the Rx processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. Thus, in one configuration, the means may be the Tx processor 368, the Rx processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the recited functions.

[0253] As described above, component 199 is configured to receive an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. Component 199 may be configured to transmit at least one detection signal based on a configuration of the set of resources. Component 199 may be within the cellular baseband processor 2124, the application processor 2106, or both the cellular baseband processor 2124 and the application processor 2106. Component 199 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the described processes / algorithms, may be implemented by one or more processors configured to implement the described processes / algorithms, may be stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. As shown, device 2104 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the apparatus 2104, particularly the cellular baseband processor 2124 and / or the application processor 2106, includes means for receiving at least one detection signal via the wireless device by receiving at least one detection signal from the first network node via the wireless device and the target object. The apparatus 2104 may include means for receiving at least one detection signal via the wireless device by receiving at least one detection signal via the wireless device based on a reflectivity capability of the wireless device. The apparatus 2104 may include means for transmitting a report of the detection operation for the at least one detection signal to the first network node or a third network node.The apparatus 2104 may include means for performing a detection operation on the at least one detected signal based on an indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient by estimating at least one of a delay or a distance associated with the at least one detected signal based on the at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. The apparatus 2104 may include means for performing a detection operation on the at least one detected signal based on an indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient by compensating at least one of an amplitude value or a phase value based on the at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. The apparatus 2104 may include means for performing a detection operation on the at least one detected signal based on an indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient by estimating a delay value corresponding to a path of the at least one detected signal by performing an IFFT based on the at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. The means may be a component 199 of the apparatus 2104 configured to perform the recited functions by the means. As described above, the apparatus 2104 may include a Tx processor 368, an Rx processor 356, and a controller / processor 359. Thus, in one configuration, the means may be the Tx processor 368, the Rx processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the recited functions by the means.

[0254] FIG. 22 is a diagram 2200 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a network entity 2202. The network entity 2202 may be a BS, a component of a BS, or may implement BS functionality. The network entity 2202 may include at least one of a CU 2210, a DU 2230, or an RU 2240. For example, depending on the layer functions processed by the component 199, the network entity 2202 may include a CU 2210, both the CU 2210 and the DU 2230, each of the CU 2210, the DU 2230, and the RU 2240, both the DU 2230, the DU 2230, and the RU 2240, or an RU 2240. The CU 2210 may include a CU processor 2212. The CU processor 2212 may include an on-chip memory 2212′. In some aspects, the CU 2210 may further include an additional memory module 2214 and a communication interface 2218. The CU 2210 communicates with the CU 2230 via a midhaul link, such as an F1 interface. The CU 2230 may include a DU processor 2232. The DU processor 2232 may include an on-chip memory 2232′. In some aspects, the CU 2230 may further include an additional memory module 2234 and a communication interface 2238. The CU 2230 communicates with the RU 2240 via a fronthaul link. The RU 2240 may include an RU processor 2242. The RU processor 2242 may include an on-chip memory 2242′. In some aspects, the RU 2240 may further include an additional memory module 2244, one or more transceivers 2246, an antenna 2280, and a communication interface 2248. The RU 2240 communicates with the UE 104. The on-chip memories 2212', 2232', 2242' and the additional memory modules 2214, 2234, 2244 can each be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory can be non-transitory. Each of the processors 2212, 2232, 2242 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory.The software, when executed by a corresponding processor(s), causes the processor(s) to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used to store data that is manipulated by the processor(s) when executing the software.

[0255] As described above, the component 198 is configured to transmit a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the sets of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. The component 198 may be configured to transmit at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources. The component 198 may be within one or more processors of one or more of the CU 2210, DU 2230, and RU 2240. The component 198 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the described processes / algorithms, may be implemented by one or more processors configured to implement the described processes / algorithms, may be stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. The network entity 2202 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the network entity 2202 includes means for transmitting at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources. The network entity 2202 may include means for configuring a set of resources for at least one detection signal. The network entity 2202 may include means for transmitting a configuration of the set of resources for at least one detection signal by transmitting a configuration of the set of resources based on the configured set of resources. The network entity 2202 may include means for transmitting the configuration of the set of resources by transmitting the configuration of the set of resources to a wireless device. The network entity 2202 may include means for transmitting at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources by transmitting at least one detection signal to a second network node via the wireless device. The network entity 2202 may include means for receiving a report of a detection operation for at least one detection signal from the second network node.The network entity 2202 may include means for receiving an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of a set of resources for the at least one detected signal. The network entity 2202 may include means for outputting the indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources for the at least one detected signal to a second network node. The network entity 2202 may include means for transmitting the at least one detected signal based on a configuration of the set of resources by transmitting the at least one detected signal to a first network node via a wireless device. The network entity 2202 may include means for receiving an indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources for the at least one detected signal. The network entity 2202 may include means for receiving a reflection of the at least one detected signal based on the reflection through the wireless device. The network entity 2202 may include means for performing a detection operation on a reflection of the at least one detected signal based on the indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources. The network entity 2202 may include means for estimating at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device based on the first location indication of the wireless device and the second location indication of the first network node. The means may be a component 198 of the network entity 2202 configured to perform the recited functions. As described above, the network entity 2202 may include the Tx processor 316, the Rx processor 370, and the controller / processor 375. Thus, in one configuration, the means may be the Tx processor 316, the Rx processor 370, and / or the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the recited functions.

[0256] As described above, component 199 is configured to receive an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of a set of resources for at least one detected signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. Component 199 may be configured to receive at least one detected signal via the wireless device. Component 199 may be configured to perform a detection operation on the at least one detected signal based on the indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. Component 199 may be within one or more processors of one or more of CU 2210, DU 2230, and RU 2240. Component 199 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the described processes / algorithms, may be implemented by one or more processors configured to implement the described processes / algorithms, may be stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. Network entity 2202 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the network entity 2202 includes means for receiving an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of a set of resources for at least one detected signal. The network entity 2202 may include means for receiving the at least one detected signal via a wireless device. The network entity 2202 may include means for performing a detection operation for the at least one detected signal based on the indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources. The network entity 2202 may include means for receiving the at least one detected signal via the wireless device by receiving the at least one detected signal from a first network node via the wireless device.The network entity 2202 may include means for receiving at least one detected signal via the wireless device by at least one detected signal from a first network node via the wireless device and a target object. The network entity 2202 may include means for receiving at least one detected signal via the wireless device by receiving at least one detected signal via the wireless device based on a reflectivity of the wireless device. The network entity 2202 may include means for transmitting a report of a detection operation for the at least one detected signal to the first network node or a third network node. The network entity 2202 may include means for performing a detection operation for the at least one detected signal based on an indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor by estimating at least one of a delay or a distance associated with the at least one detected signal based on the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources. The network entity 2202 may include means for performing a detection operation for the at least one detected signal based on an indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor by compensating at least one of an amplitude value or a phase value based on the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources. The network entity 2202 may include means for performing a detection operation on the at least one detected signal based on an indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient by estimating a delay value corresponding to a path of the at least one detected signal by performing an IFFT based on the at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. The means may be a component 199 of the network entity 2202 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described above, the network entity 2202 may include a Tx processor 316, an Rx processor 370, and a controller / processor 375.Thus, in one configuration, the means may be the Tx processor 316, the Rx processor 370, and / or the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the recited functions by the means.

[0257] FIG. 23 is a diagram 2300 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a network entity 2360. In one example, the network entity 2360 may be within the core network 120. The network entity 2360 may include a network processor 2312. The network processor 2312 may include an on-chip memory 2312′. In some aspects, the network entity 2360 may further include an additional memory module 2314. The network entity 2360 communicates with the CU 2302 via a network interface 2380 directly (e.g., via a backhaul link) or indirectly (e.g., through a RIC). The on-chip memory 2312′ and the additional memory module 2314 may each be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory may be non-transitory. The processor 2312 is responsible for overall processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by a corresponding processor(s), causes the processor(s) to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used to store data that is manipulated by the processor(s) when executing the software.

[0258] As described above, the component 198 is configured to transmit a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the sets of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. The component 198 may be configured to transmit at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources. The component 198 may be within the processor 2312. The component 198 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the described processes / algorithms, may be implemented by one or more processors configured to implement the described processes / algorithms, may be stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. The network entity 2360 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the network entity 2360 includes means for transmitting a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. The network entity 2360 may include means for transmitting at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources. The network entity 2360 may include means for configuring a set of resources for at least one detection signal. The network entity 2360 may include means for transmitting a configuration of the set of resources for at least one detection signal by transmitting a configuration of the set of resources based on the configured set of resources. The network entity 2360 may include means for transmitting the configuration of the set of resources by transmitting the configuration of the set of resources to a wireless device. The network entity 2360 may include means for transmitting at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources by transmitting at least one detection signal to a second network node via the wireless device. The network entity 2360 may include means for receiving a report of a detection operation for at least one detection signal from the second network node.The network entity 2360 may include means for receiving an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of a set of resources for the at least one detected signal. The network entity 2360 may include means for outputting the indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources for the at least one detected signal to a second network node. The network entity 2360 may include means for transmitting the at least one detected signal based on a configuration of the set of resources by transmitting the at least one detected signal to a first network node via a wireless device. The network entity 2360 may include means for receiving an indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources for the at least one detected signal. The network entity 2360 may include means for receiving a reflection of the at least one detected signal based on the reflection through the wireless device. The network entity 2360 may include means for performing a detection operation on a reflection of the at least one detected signal based on the indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources. The network entity 2360 may include means for estimating at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device based on the first location indication of the wireless device and the second location indication of the first network node. The means may be a component 198 of the network entity 2360 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.

[0259] As described above, component 199 is configured to receive an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. Component 199 may be configured to transmit at least one detection signal based on a configuration of the set of resources. Component 199 may be within processor 2312. Component 199 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the described processes / algorithms, may be implemented by one or more processors configured to implement the described processes / algorithms, may be stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. Network entity 2360 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, network entity 2360 includes means for receiving at least one detection signal via the wireless device by way of at least one detection signal from a first network node via the wireless device and a target object. The network entity 2360 may include means for receiving the at least one detected signal via the wireless device by receiving the at least one detected signal via the wireless device based on a reflective capability of the wireless device. The network entity 2360 may include means for transmitting a report of the detection operation for the at least one detected signal to the first network node or a third network node. The network entity 2360 may include means for performing a detection operation for the at least one detected signal based on an indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor by estimating at least one of a delay or a distance associated with the at least one detected signal based on the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources.The network entity 2360 may include means for performing a detection operation on the at least one detected signal based on an indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient by compensating at least one of an amplitude value or a phase value based on the at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. The network entity 2360 may include means for performing a detection operation on the at least one detected signal based on an indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient by estimating a delay value corresponding to a path of the at least one detected signal by performing an IFFT based on the at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. The means may be a component 199 of the network entity 2360 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.

[0260]

[0242] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the disclosed processes / flowcharts is an example of an example approach. Based on design preferences, it should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in those processes / flowcharts can be rearranged. Furthermore, some blocks can be combined or omitted. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various blocks in an example order and are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

[0261]

[0243] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not limited to the aspects described herein but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. Reference to an element in the singular does not mean "only one" unless so expressly stated, but rather "one or more." Terms such as "if," "when," and "while" do not imply an immediate temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, such as "when," do not imply immediate action in response to or during the occurrence of an action; they simply mean that an action will occur if a condition is met, but that the action does not require a specific or immediate time constraint for its occurrence. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any aspect described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless expressly stated otherwise, the term "some" refers to one or more. Combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C," "one or more of A, B, or C," "at least one of A, B, and C," "one or more of A, B, and C," and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiple As, multiple Bs, or multiple Cs.Specifically, combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C," "one or more of A, B, or C," "at least one of A, B, and C," "one or more of A, B, and C," and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" can be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, and any such combination may include one or more elements of A, B, or C. A set should be interpreted as a set of elements, the number of elements being one or more. Thus, with respect to a set of X, X will include one or more elements. When a first device receives data from or transmits data to a second device, the data can be received / transmitted directly between the first and second devices or indirectly between the first and second devices via a set of devices. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later become known to those skilled in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and encompassed by the claims. Furthermore, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be made available to the public, regardless of whether such disclosure is expressly recited in the claims. Terms such as "module," "mechanism," "element," "device," and the like may not be substitutes for the word "means." Therefore, no element of a claim should be construed as a means-plus-function unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase "means for."

[0262] As used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be construed as a reference to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. In other words, the phrase "based on A" (where "A" can be information, a condition, a factor, etc.) shall be construed as "based on at least A," unless expressly stated otherwise.

[0263] A device configured to "output" data, such as a transmission, signal, or message, may transmit the data or send the data to a device that transmits the data, for example, using a transceiver. A device configured to "get" data, such as a transmission, signal, or message, may receive it or get it from a device that receives it, for example, using a transceiver.

[0264]

[0246] The following aspects are merely illustrative and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0265] Aspect 1 is a method of wireless communication in a first network node, the method may include transmitting a configuration of a set of resources for at least one detection signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of a wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device and a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. The method may include transmitting at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources. The configuration of the set of resources for the at least one detection signal may be transmitted to the wireless device. The at least one detection signal may be transmitted to the wireless device. The wireless device may be capable of detecting a first portion of an incident wave. The wireless device may be capable of reflecting a second portion of the incident wave. The first and second portions may or may not overlap.

[0266]

[0248] Aspect 2 is the method of aspect 1, wherein the method may include configuring a set of resources for at least one sensing signal. Transmitting the configuration of the set of resources for the at least one sensing signal may include transmitting the configuration of the set of resources based on the configured set of resources.

[0267]

[0249] Aspect 3 is the method of any of aspects 1 and 2, wherein transmitting the configuration of the set of resources may include transmitting the configuration of the set of resources to the wireless device.

[0268]

[0250] Aspect 4 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, wherein the wireless device may include a RIS.

[0269]

[0251] Aspect 5 is a method described in any of aspects 1 to 4, wherein transmitting at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources may include transmitting at least one detection signal to a second network node via a wireless device.

[0270]

[0252] Aspect 6 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 5, wherein the method may include receiving, from the second network node, a report of a sensing operation in response to the at least one sensing signal.

[0271] Aspect 7 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 6, wherein the method may include receiving an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of a set of resources for the at least one detection signal. The method may include outputting the indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources for the at least one detection signal to a second network node. The indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor may be received from the wireless device.

[0272] Aspect 8 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 7, wherein transmitting at least one detection signal based on the configuration of the set of resources may include transmitting at least one detection signal to a first network node via a wireless device. The detection signal may be transmitted to the wireless device and reflected back to the first network node. The wireless device may reflect the detection signal to a target object, which reflects the detection signal back to the wireless device, which then reflects the detection signal back to the first network node.

[0273] Aspect 9 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 8, wherein the method may include receiving an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of a set of resources for the at least one detected signal. The method may include receiving reflections of the at least one detected signal based on the reflections through the wireless device. The method may include performing a sensing operation on the reflections of the at least one detected signal based on the indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources.

[0274]

[0256] Aspect 10 is a method described in any of aspects 1 to 9, wherein the method may include estimating at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device based on a first location indication of the wireless device and a second location indication of the first network node.

[0275] Aspect 11 is a method of wireless communication in a wireless device, the method may include receiving a configuration of a set of resources for at least one sensing signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device and a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. The method may include transmitting, based on the configuration, an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources. The method may include receiving and forwarding, based on the set of resources, at least one sensing signal. The wireless device may be capable of detecting a first portion of an incident wave. The wireless device may be capable of reflecting a second portion of the incident wave. The first and second portions may or may not overlap.

[0276]

[0258] Aspect 12 is a method according to aspect 11, wherein receiving and forwarding at least one detection signal based on the set of resources may include reflecting at least one detection signal based on the set of resources.

[0277] Aspect 13 is the method of any of Aspects 11 and 12, wherein the method may include estimating at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources based on at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. Transmitting an indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources based on the configuration may include transmitting the indication based on the estimation of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor.

[0278] Aspect 14 is a method comprising:

[0279]

number

[0280] 14. The method of embodiment 13, which may include estimating a frequency domain compensation coefficient at the nth element of the wireless device based on θ. i θ may be the incident beam direction angle of the wireless device. r d may be the reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. n φ may be the distance between the first element of the wireless device and the nth element of the wireless device. λ may be the wavelength of the at least one sensing signal. n is the expression

[0281]

number

[0282] It may be estimated using

[0283]

[0261] Aspect 15 is a method described in aspect 13, wherein at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient is estimated as a product of a first frequency domain compensation coefficient for DL ​​reflection and a second frequency domain compensation coefficient for UL reflection.

[0284] Aspect 16 is the method of any of Aspects 11 to 15, wherein receiving a configuration of a set of resources for the at least one sensing signal may include receiving a configuration from a first network node. Transmitting an indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor may include transmitting an indication to a second network node. Receiving and forwarding the at least one sensing signal based on the set of resources may include receiving the at least one sensing signal from the first network node. Receiving and forwarding the at least one sensing signal based on the set of resources may include forwarding the at least one sensing signal to the second network node.

[0285]

[0263] Aspect 17 is a method described in aspect 16, wherein forwarding at least one detection signal to a second network node may include forwarding at least one detection signal to the second network node via the target object.

[0286] Aspect 18 is the method of any of Aspects 11 to 15, wherein receiving a configuration of a set of resources for the at least one sensing signal may include receiving the configuration from a first network node. Sending an indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor may include sending an indication to the first network node. Receiving and forwarding the at least one sensing signal based on the set of resources may include receiving the at least one sensing signal from the first network node. Receiving and forwarding the at least one sensing signal based on the set of resources may include forwarding the at least one sensing signal to a second network node. The first network node may output the indication to the second network node.

[0287]

[0265] Aspect 19 is a method described in aspect 18, wherein forwarding at least one detection signal to a second network node may include forwarding at least one detection signal to the second network node via the target object.

[0288] Aspect 20 is the method of any of Aspects 11 to 15, wherein receiving a configuration of a set of resources for the at least one sensing signal may include receiving the configuration from a first network node. Transmitting an indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor may include transmitting the indication to the first network node. Receiving and forwarding the at least one sensing signal based on the set of resources may include receiving the at least one sensing signal from the first network node. Receiving and forwarding the at least one sensing signal based on the set of resources may include forwarding the at least one sensing signal to the first network node.

[0289]

[0267] Aspect 21 is the method of aspect 20, wherein forwarding the at least one detection signal to the first network node may include forwarding the at least one detection signal to the first network node via a target object that reflects the at least one detection signal back to the wireless device.

[0290] Aspect 22 is a method of wireless communication in a wireless device, the method may include receiving an indication of at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of a set of resources for at least one detected signal. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. Each of the set of resources may be associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device and a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device. The method may include receiving at least one detected signal via the wireless device. The method may include performing a detection operation on the at least one detected signal based on the indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources. The wireless device may be capable of detecting a first portion of an incident wave. The wireless device may be capable of reflecting a second portion of the incident wave. The first and second portions may or may not overlap.

[0291]

[0269] Aspect 23 is a method according to aspect 22, in which receiving at least one detection signal via the wireless device may include receiving at least one detection signal from a first network node via the wireless device.

[0292]

[0270] Aspect 24 is a method described in aspect 22 or 23, wherein receiving at least one detection signal via the wireless device and the target object may include receiving at least one detection signal from a first network node via the wireless device.

[0293]

[0271] Aspect 25 is a method according to any one of aspects 22 to 24, wherein the wireless device may include a RIS.

[0294]

[0272] Aspect 26 is a method described in any of aspects 22 to 25, wherein receiving at least one detection signal via the wireless device may include receiving at least one detection signal via the wireless device based on a reflective capability of the wireless device.

[0295]

[0273] Aspect 27 is the method of any of aspects 22 to 26, wherein the method may include transmitting a report of the sensing operation for the at least one sensing signal to the first network node or the third network node.

[0296]

[0274] Aspect 28 is a method according to aspect 27, wherein the report may include at least one of a first indication of a delay associated with the at least one detection signal or a second indication of a distance associated with the at least one detection signal.

[0297]

[0275] Aspect 29 is a method described in any of aspects 22 to 28, wherein performing a detection operation on at least one detection signal based on an indication of at least one frequency domain compensation factor may include estimating at least one of a delay or a distance associated with the at least one detection signal based on at least one frequency domain compensation factor for each of a set of resources.

[0298]

[0276] Aspect 30 is a method described in any of aspects 22 to 29, wherein performing a detection operation on at least one detection signal based on an indication of at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient may include compensating at least one of amplitude values ​​or phase values ​​based on at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of a set of resources.

[0299]

[0277] Aspect 31 is a method described in any of aspects 22 to 30, wherein performing a detection operation on at least one detection signal based on an indication of at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient may include estimating a delay value corresponding to a path of the at least one detection signal by performing an IFFT based on the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of a set of resources.

[0300]

[0278] Aspect 32 is an apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to implement any of aspects 1 to 31 based at least in part on information stored in the memory.

[0301]

[0279] Aspect 33 is the apparatus of aspect 32, further comprising at least one of an antenna or a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor.

[0302]

[0280] Aspect 34 is an apparatus for wireless communication including means for implementing any of aspects 1 to 31.

[0303]

[0281] Aspect 35 is a computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) that stores computer-executable code, which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform any of aspects 1 to 31.

Claims

1. 1. An apparatus for wireless communication in a first network node, comprising: Memory and at least one processor coupled to the memory; and wherein, based at least in part on information stored in the memory, the at least one processor: transmitting a configuration of a set of resources for at least one sensing signal, each of the sets of resources being associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of a wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device; and transmitting the at least one sensing signal based on the configuration of the set of resources.

2. the at least one processor: to configure the set of resources for the at least one detection signal and to transmit the configuration of the set of resources for the at least one detection signal, the at least one processor: The apparatus of claim 1 , further configured to transmit the configuration of the set of resources based on the configured set of resources.

3. and a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, the at least one processor further comprising: The apparatus of claim 1 , further configured to transmit, via the transceiver, the configuration of the set of resources to the wireless device.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the wireless device comprises a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS).

5. to transmit the at least one sensing signal based on the configuration of the set of resources, the at least one processor: The apparatus of claim 1 , further configured to transmit the at least one detection signal to a second network node via the wireless device.

6. the at least one processor: The apparatus of claim 1 , further configured to receive a report of a sensing operation for the at least one sensing signal from a second network node.

7. the at least one processor: receiving an indication of at least one frequency domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources for the at least one detected signal; 10. The apparatus of claim 1, further configured to: output the indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources for the at least one sensing signal to a second network node.

8. to transmit the at least one sensing signal based on the configuration of the set of resources, the at least one processor: The apparatus of claim 1 , further configured to transmit the at least one detection signal to the first network node via the wireless device.

9. the at least one processor: receiving an indication of at least one frequency domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources for the at least one detected signal; receiving a reflection of the at least one sensing signal based on the reflection through the wireless device; 10. The apparatus of claim 1, further configured to: perform a sensing operation on the reflection of the at least one sensed signal based on the indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources.

10. the at least one processor:

10. The apparatus of claim 1, further configured to estimate at least one of the incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device based on a first location indication of the wireless device and a second location indication of the first network node.

11. 1. An apparatus for wireless communication in a wireless device, comprising: Memory and at least one processor coupled to the memory; and wherein, based at least in part on information stored in the memory, the at least one processor: receiving a configuration of a set of resources for at least one sensing signal, each of the sets of resources associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device; transmitting an indication of at least one frequency domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources based on the configuration; An apparatus configured to receive and forward the at least one sensing signal based on the set of resources.

12. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor is configured to reflect the at least one sensing signal based on the set of resources to receive and forward the at least one sensing signal based on the set of resources.

13. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the wireless device comprises a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS).

14. the at least one processor: and further configured to estimate the at least one frequency domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources based on at least one of the incident beam direction angle of the wireless device or the reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: The apparatus of claim 11 , further configured to transmit the indication based on the estimate of the at least one frequency domain compensation factor.

15. To estimate the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient, the at least one processor:

15. The apparatus of claim 14, further configured to estimate the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor as a product of a first frequency-domain compensation factor for downlink (DL) reflections and a second frequency-domain compensation factor for uplink (UL) reflections.

16. and a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, the at least one processor further comprising: and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to receive the configuration from a first network node via the transceiver, for transmitting the indication of the at least one frequency domain compensation factor. and further configured to transmit the indication to a second network node, for receiving and forwarding the at least one detection signal based on the set of resources, the at least one processor: receiving, via the transceiver, the at least one detection signal from the first network node; The apparatus of claim 11 , further configured to forward the at least one detection signal to the second network node.

17. and transmitting the at least one detection signal to the second network node, the at least one processor:

17. The apparatus of claim 16, further configured to forward the at least one sensed signal to the second network node via the target object.

18. To receive the configuration of the set of resources for the at least one sensing signal, the at least one processor: The at least one processor is further configured to receive the configuration from a first network node, and to transmit the indication of the at least one frequency domain compensation factor. and further configured to transmit the indication to the first network node, for receiving and forwarding the at least one detection signal based on the set of resources, the at least one processor: receiving the at least one detection signal from the first network node; The apparatus of claim 11 , further configured to forward the at least one detection signal to a second network node.

19. To receive the configuration of the set of resources for the at least one sensing signal, the at least one processor: The at least one processor is further configured to receive the configuration from a first network node, and to transmit the indication of the at least one frequency domain compensation factor. and further configured to transmit the indication to the first network node, for receiving and forwarding the at least one detection signal based on the set of resources, the at least one processor: receiving the at least one detection signal from the first network node; The apparatus of claim 11 , further configured to forward the at least one detection signal to the first network node.

20. 1. An apparatus for wireless communication in a second network node, comprising: Memory and at least one processor coupled to the memory; and wherein, based at least in part on information stored in the memory, the at least one processor: receiving an indication of at least one frequency domain compensation factor for each of a set of resources for at least one sensed signal, each of the set of resources associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of a wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device; receiving the at least one detection signal via the wireless device; 11. An apparatus configured to: perform a detection operation on the at least one detected signal based on the indication of the at least one frequency-domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources.

21. and a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, for receiving the at least one detection signal via the wireless device, the at least one processor comprising:

21. The apparatus of claim 20, further configured to receive, via the transceiver, the at least one detection signal from a first network node via the wireless device.

22. To receive the at least one detection signal via the wireless device, the at least one processor:

21. The apparatus of claim 20, further configured to receive the at least one detection signal from a first network node via the wireless device and the target object.

23. 21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the wireless device comprises a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS).

24. To receive the at least one detection signal via the wireless device, the at least one processor:

21. The apparatus of claim 20, configured to receive the at least one sensing signal via the wireless device based on a reflective capability of the wireless device.

25. the at least one processor:

21. The apparatus of claim 20, further configured to transmit a report of the sensing operation for the at least one sensing signal to at least one of a first network node or a third network node.

26. 26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the report includes at least one of a first indication of a delay associated with the at least one detection signal or a second indication of a distance associated with the at least one detection signal.

27. to perform the sensing operation for the at least one sensed signal based on the indication of the at least one frequency domain compensation factor, 21. The apparatus of claim 20, configured to estimate at least one of a delay or a distance associated with the at least one sensing signal based on the at least one frequency domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources.

28. to perform the sensing operation for the at least one sensed signal based on the indication of the at least one frequency domain compensation factor, 21. The apparatus of claim 20, configured to compensate at least one of an amplitude value or a phase value based on the at least one frequency domain compensation factor for each of the set of resources.

29. to perform the sensing operation for the at least one sensed signal based on the indication of the at least one frequency domain compensation factor, 21. The apparatus of claim 20, configured to estimate a delay value corresponding to a path of the at least one detected signal by performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) based on the at least one frequency domain compensation coefficient for each of the set of resources.

30. 1. A method of wireless communication in a first network node, comprising: transmitting a configuration of a set of resources for at least one sensing signal, each of the set of resources being associated with at least one of an incident beam direction angle of a wireless device or a reflected beam direction angle of the wireless device; transmitting the at least one sensing signal based on the configuration of the set of resources; A method comprising:

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