Evaporative materials having low environmental impact

Abstract

To provide a material used for a carrier having a combination of desirable other characteristics such as inertness to one or a plurality of active ingredients, low toxicity and low combustibility in addition to favorable environmental characteristics.SOLUTION: A composition is provided comprising: (a) at least one active ingredient; and (b) a carrier comprising monochlorotrifluoropropene in an amount effective to at least partially solvate or at least partially emulsify the active ingredient. Also provided is a method of applying an active ingredient to a surface comprising: providing a composition comprising at least one active ingredient selected from the group consisting of coatings, binders, sealants, lubricants, pesticides, and herbicides; and a carrier comprising l-chloro - 3,3,3 - trifluoropropene in an amount effective to at least partially solvate or at least partially emulsify the active ingredient; applying the composition to a surface of a substrate; and removing the carrier from the active ingredient.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001]

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61 / 526,859, filed August 24, 2011, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0002] The present invention relates to compositions, methods, and systems comprising an active ingredient and a solvent or carrier for the active ingredient, whereby, as a result of applying the composition in a desired manner, the active ingredient becomes active by or in conjunction with removal, usually by evaporation, of the solvent or carrier. [Background technology]

[0002]

[0003] Many applications involve the use of materials that act as carriers, dispersants, diluents, processing aids, and / or solvents for one or more active ingredients. The carrier / dispersant / diluent / processing aid / solvent (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "carrier" for convenience) must be able to at least facilitate, and preferably enhance, the placement and / or action of at least one active ingredient at the intended location of use, while at the same time, such a carrier must not interfere with the action of the active ingredient. Because carriers are often released into the open atmosphere upon use in such situations, the environmental properties of carrier materials have become increasingly important as concerns about the environmental impact of man-made materials and activities increase. For example, during the past few years, significant efforts have been devoted to developing materials with minimal impact on global warming and ozone depletion, e.g., in the field of refrigeration. Furthermore, releasing these materials into the atmosphere can have adverse effects on low-level atmospheric conditions, such as smog and haze.

[0003]

[0004] In addition to favorable environmental properties, the materials used for the carrier preferably also have a combination of other desirable but difficult to achieve properties, such as inertness to one or more active ingredients, low toxicity, and low flammability, among other properties, depending on the particular application. In many applications, it is also desirable or essential for the carrier to have the ability to at least partially emulsify and / or preferably at least partially solvate the active ingredient.

[0004]

[0005] These and other needs are met by preferred embodiments of the present invention. Summary of the Invention

[0005]

[0006] The present invention provides compositions, methods, and systems comprising one or more active ingredients and utilizing a monochlorotrifluoropropene, preferably 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233zd), and even more preferably trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (trans-HCFO-1233zd or HCFO-1233zd(E)) and / or cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (cis-HCFO-1233zd or HCFO-1233zd(Z)), as a carrier.

[0006]

[0007] Applicants have unexpectedly discovered that the preferred compositions, methods, and systems of the present invention not only provide highly desirable and desirable environmental properties, such as preferably low GWP, low ODP, and / or low VOC, but also that the monochlorotrifluoropropene compounds described herein for use as carriers have a combination of other desirable but difficult-to-achieve properties, such as substantial inertness to one or more active ingredients, low toxicity, and low flammability, among other properties.In many applications, it is also desirable or essential for the carrier to have the ability to at least partially emulsify and / or preferably at least partially solvate the active ingredient.In particular, coatings, paints, adhesives, etc. For many applications, such as additives, sealants, lubricants (especially those formed from fossil fuels or synthetic blends or some version thereof), and pesticides / herbicides, the ability of the carrier / active ingredient combination to form an at least partially soluble and / or at least partially emulsifiable mixture can be highly desirable. Applicants have discovered that many preferred embodiments of the present invention provide fluid compositions that are at least partially soluble and / or partially emulsifiable mixtures in one or more such applications, and in even more preferred applications, are substantially completely soluble and / or substantially completely emulsifiable. Furthermore, the compositions, methods, and systems of the present invention have the advantage in many embodiments of providing the carrier's ability to be easily removed with little or no additional steps after application of the material. Thus, in preferred compositions, methods, and systems, the time required to cure / reveal the active ingredient after the application step is relatively short, and relatively little, and preferably no, additional energy is required.

[0007]

[0008] In some embodiments of the present invention, the decision to use either the cis- or trans-HCFO-1233zd isomer is based on its solubility with the active agent. Applicants have surprisingly and unexpectedly found that the Kauri-butanol (KB) value for cis-1233zd is 34, while the KB value for trans-1233zd is 25. Thus, the cis-isomer has a KB value that is more than 30% higher than the trans-isomer, suggesting that it may be a better solvent in at least some applications. Accordingly, in some embodiments of the present invention, the selected monochlorotrifluoropropene, and particularly the selected HCFO-1233zd isomer, has a KB value greater than 30. In further embodiments, the cis-HCFO-1233zd isomer, alone or in combination with the trans-isomer, can be specifically selected to provide the desired solubility for the active agent.

[0008]

[0009] One preferred form of the present invention relates to adhesive compositions, methods, and systems that use an active ingredient comprising a binder and a carrier comprising a monochlorotrifluoropropene, preferably HCFO-1233zd, even more preferably trans-HCFO-1233zd or cis-HCFO-1233zd, to bond or prepare to bond two surfaces / objects and adhesive systems, where the binder is capable of forming a bond between such at least two surfaces and / or objects by disposing the composition at a location of use, more preferably by removing at least a portion of the carrier, and even more preferably by evaporating it. As used herein, the term "by" in reference to disposing, removing, and evaporating is intended to mean that these actions are at least part of or related to causing the active ingredient to achieve its desired result, but are not necessarily the only means therefor. As will be recognized by those skilled in the art, adhesive forms of the present invention may find use in a wide variety of uses related to bonding floors, fastening components, joining construction materials, and the like.

[0009]

[0010] Applicants have further discovered that cis- or trans-HCFO-1233zd can be specifically selected for adhesive applications depending on its properties (e.g., flammability, Kauri-butanol (KB) value, etc.), application method (e.g., sprayable or non-sprayable, etc.), and / or its solubility with the binder used. By way of non-limiting example, in some spray applications, the trans-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be preferred due to its lower boiling point. In some non-spray applications, the cis-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be preferred because it exhibits better solubility with the binder. Alternatively, the trans-HCFO-1233zd isomer can be used alone or, in some embodiments, in combination with one or more co-carriers (if necessary) to improve its solubility with the binder.

[0010]

[0011] For this reason, in some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention are provided as sprayable compositions in which the monochlorotrifluoropropene comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of trans-HCFO-1233zd. In further embodiments, the compositions are non-sprayable compositions. In some embodiments, the monochlorotrifluoropropene of the non-sprayable composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of cis-HCFO-1233zd. In further embodiments, the monochlorotrifluoropropene of the non-sprayable composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of trans-HCFO-1233zd and at least one co-carrier that improves the solubility of trans-HCFO-1233zd with the active agent.

[0011]

[0012] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to coating compositions, methods, and systems employing an active ingredient containing a coating agent and a carrier comprising a monochlorotrifluoropropene, preferably HCFO-1233zd, and even more preferably trans-HCFO-1233zd, where the coating agent can form a coating or film by disposing the composition at a location of use, more preferably by removing at least a portion of the carrier, and even more preferably by evaporating it. As will be recognized by those skilled in the art, the coating forms of the present invention can find application in a wide range of applications related to paints, thin films, and the like. Applicants have further discovered that cis- or trans-HCFO-1233zd can be specifically selected for coating applications depending on its properties (e.g., flammability, Kauri butanol (KB) value, etc.), application method (e.g., sprayable or non-sprayable, etc.), and / or its solubility with the coating agent used. By way of non-limiting example, in some spray coating applications, the trans-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be preferred due to its lower boiling point. In some non-spray applications, the cis-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be preferred because it exhibits better solubility with the coating material. Alternatively, the trans-HCFO-1233zd isomer can be used alone or, in some embodiments, in combination with a co-carrier (if needed) to improve its solubility with the coating material.

[0012]

[0013] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to sealant compositions, sealing methods, and sealant systems employing an active ingredient comprising a sealant and a carrier comprising a monochlorotrifluoropropene, preferably HCFO-1233zd, even more preferably trans-HCFO-1233zd or cis-HCFO-1233zd, wherein the sealant is capable of forming a seal or barrier against the passage of a preselected fluid, such as, particularly (but not exclusively), sound, air, corrosive materials, or moisture, by disposing the composition at a location of use, more preferably by removing at least a portion of the carrier, even more preferably by evaporating it. As will be recognized by those skilled in the art, the sealing embodiments of the present invention may find application in a wide range of applications, including those related to vehicle body cavities, heavy machinery cavities, building cavities, and the like. Applicants have further discovered that cis- or trans-HCFO-1233zd may be specifically selected for sealant applications depending on its properties (e.g., flammability, Kauri-butanol (KB) value, etc.), its application method, and / or its solubility with the sealant used. By way of non-limiting example, in some spray applications, the trans-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be preferred because it exhibits better solubility with the sealant. Alternatively, the trans-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be used alone or, in some embodiments, in combination with a co-carrier (if needed) to improve its solubility with the sealant.

[0013]

[0014] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is a lubricant composition, lubrication method, and lubricating system using an active ingredient comprising a lubricant and a carrier comprising a monochlorotrifluoropropene, preferably HCFO-1233zd, and even more preferably trans-HCFO-1233zd or cis-HCFO-1233zd, wherein the lubricant is released by disposing the composition at a location of use. , more preferably by removing at least a portion of the carrier, even more preferably by evaporating it, thereby providing or promoting a reduction in friction between two surfaces or objects. As will be recognized by those skilled in the art, the lubricating forms of the present invention may find application in a wide range of uses related to bearings, connectors, and the like. Applicants have further discovered that cis- or trans-HCFO-1233zd may be specifically selected depending on its properties (e.g., flammability, Kauri-butanol (KB) value, etc.), its method of application, and / or its solubility with the lubricant being used.

[0014]

[0015] Other preferred forms of the present invention include insecticidal and / or herbicidal compositions, methods of applying the insecticide and / or herbicide, and insecticidal and / or herbicidal systems using an active ingredient comprising an insecticide and / or herbicide and a carrier comprising a monochlorotrifluoropropene, preferably HCFO-1233zd, even more preferably trans-HCFO-1233zd or cis-HCFO-1233zd, wherein the insecticide and / or herbicide is capable of inhibiting the activity of specific selected insect or plant organisms by disposing the composition at a locus of application, more preferably by removing at least a portion of the carrier, or by evaporating it, and As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the insecticide and / or herbicide forms of the present invention may find application in a wide range of uses, including applications such as flying insect sprays, herbicide sprays, and the like. Applicants have further discovered that cis- or trans-HCFO-1233zd may be specifically selected depending on its properties (e.g., flammability, Kauri butanol (KB) value, etc.), its method of application, and / or its solubility with the insecticide and / or herbicide being used.

[0015]

[0016] As used herein, the term "active ingredient" refers to any one or more components of a composition that provide, contribute to, and / or enhance the intended function of the composition, method, or system. The term "carrier" is used generically herein to refer to any one or more components of a composition, system, or method whose primary function is to provide a means for containing the active ingredient, preferably in a relatively dilute state, and / or to facilitate or contribute to ease of application and / or effectiveness in the intended function of the site of use. While the carrier components of the present invention generally do not function directly to form or produce the intended end product, the effectiveness of the carrier may have an indirect effect on the properties of the end product due to its effectiveness as a carrier, such as by uniformly distributing the active ingredient at the intended target site and / or by allowing the active ingredient to remain in conditions more effective to perform its intended function. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016]

[0017] While it is contemplated that the carrier of the present invention will comprise a large proportion of the composition, in preferred embodiments the carrier will comprise from about 5% to about 95% of the composition, and in further embodiments it will comprise at least about 50% by weight of the monochlorotrifluoropropene, and in further embodiments at least about 80% by weight, it is recognized that other materials can be included in the carrier to aid or improve the overall performance of the composition, method, or system. The inclusion of any and all such auxiliary and additional materials in the carrier is within the broad scope of the present invention.

[0017]

[0018] Examples of additional or supplemental materials that can be used in combination with the monochlorotrifluoropropene carrier component of the present invention include other hydrocarbons, other fluorocarbons, such as other fluorochlorocarbons, fluoroethers, fluoroketones, alcohols, ketones, and / or formates. As noted above, these additional or supplemental components can be added, for example, to reduce the overall environmental impact and / or improve the performance of the composition, method, or system.

[0018]

[0019] In some applications and embodiments, the carrier contributes to one or more of the following properties of the composition, method, or system: flexibility of the material after the carrier is removed and the active ingredient is cured or further processed; quality finish of the material after the carrier is removed and the active ingredient is cured or further processed; dry time, and ease and / or effectiveness of application of the composition.

[0019] Coating Compositions, Methods, and Systems:

[0020] As noted above, preferred coating compositions of the present invention comprise a coating agent and a carrier comprising a monochlorotrifluoropropene, preferably HCFO-1233zd, and even more preferably trans-HCFO-1233zd and / or cis-HCFO-1233zd. The coating method of the present invention comprises providing a coating composition according to the present invention and applying the coating composition to a substrate, object, and / or surface to be coated. In some embodiments, the method includes a further step of assisting, enhancing, or achieving removal of at least a substantial portion of the carrier from the substrate, object, and / or surface, thereby enabling or enhancing the revealing of the desired coating by the coating agent. While such a further step can take many forms according to the present invention, in many applications, such a step simply involves exposing the coating composition to the environment once applied, which in many preferred embodiments results in evaporation of at least a portion, preferably a large proportion, and even more preferably substantially all, of the monochlorotrifluoropropene. In some embodiments, evaporation is accelerated by heating the coating composition once it is applied, and the heating step can also provide additional benefits, for example, by accelerating the development / curing of the coating and / or helping to develop desired properties once the coating is formed.

[0020]

[0021] Coatings may be of a wide variety of materials and formulations consistent with the broad scope of the present invention. Some embodiments of coatings of the present invention include paints, coating methods, and coating systems, or coatings on one or more diverse articles or devices. In certain coating embodiments, the active ingredient can also take many forms and include many materials. In some preferred embodiments, the active ingredient comprises an active resin that forms a paint coating upon at least partial removal of the carrier and / or upon curing of the resin. While any known resin for this purpose can be used in accordance with the present invention, in some embodiments, the paint resin includes components such as natural and / or synthetic polymers based on materials such as oils, alkyd resins, acrylic resins, vinyl acrylic resins, vinyl acetate / ethylene (VAE), polyurethanes, polyesters, melamine resins, epoxy resins, and combinations and mixtures of any two or more of these and / or other resinous materials. Furthermore, the active ingredient can include one or more other materials, in addition to the resin, such as aesthetic additives, pigments, binders, etc., as desired and / or necessary to achieve the desired final finish and other properties of the coating.

[0021]

[0022] With respect to coating systems, it is contemplated, but generally not preferred, that a coating method may require the application of two or more different compositions or materials to achieve a desired final finish or coated surface. In such cases, the system of the present invention includes the present coating composition together with additional materials or compositions intended or used with the present coating composition to achieve a coating according to the present invention.

[0022]

[0023] As also noted above, for many coating applications, the selection of a particular HCFO-1233zd isomer can be based on its properties, the application method, and / or its solubility or miscibility with the coating. For example, for some spray applications, the trans-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be preferred because it has a much lower boiling point than the cis-isomer, although the cis-isomer can be provided to promote coating solubility if desired. In such applications, the trans-isomer can be used with coatings such as those defined above. In a further non-limiting embodiment, the coating may be specifically selected from acrylic resins, urethane resins, styrene rubbers, hydrocarbon rosins, ester rosins, or Examples include heparin. For non-spray applications (e.g., dipping, pouring, brushing, immersion, etc.), it is particularly desirable to form a carrier / active ingredient combination that is at least partially soluble and / or at least partially emulsifiable, and the choice of isomer to be used can be based on its solubility with the coating. In some non-spray applications, the cis-HCFO-1233zd isomer is preferred because it exhibits better solubility with some coatings, particularly those within the general categories defined above, and in further non-limiting specific embodiments, high-impact polystyrene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, and some acrylic resins. Alternatively, in non-spray applications where the trans-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be preferred or used instead, it can be provided alone or, in some embodiments, in combination with one or more co-carriers, particularly one or more co-carriers that improve the solubility or miscibility of the trans-1233zd with the coating. Examples of co-carriers in coating applications include, but are not limited to, other hydrocarbons, other fluorocarbons, such as other fluorochlorocarbons, fluoroethers, fluoroketones, alcohols, ketones, formates, lower alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol, etc.), naphtha, terpene-based solvents (e.g., d-limonene), other fast evaporation rate organics (e.g., isoprene, hexane, heptane, styrene liquids, xylene, toluene, methylcyclohexane, cyclohexane, 2,2-dichloropropane, methylene chloride, diisobutyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methylcyclohexanone, cyclohexanone, isobutyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate, propyl acetate, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol, 2-ethylhexanol), and mixtures of any of these with or without additional materials used as co-carriers.

[0023]

[0024] Applicants note that in the above embodiments in which one particular isomer may be preferred, this does not necessarily exclude the inclusion of the other isomer or both isomers. Rather, this simply identifies the properties of one isomer that may be preferred for that application. In such applications, either isomer may be provided alone or in isomeric mixtures.

[0024] Adhesive compositions, bonding methods, and adhesive systems:

[0025] As noted above, preferred adhesive compositions of the present invention comprise a binder and a carrier comprising a monochlorotrifluoropropene, preferably HCFO-1233zd, and even more preferably trans-HCFO-1233zd and / or cis-HCFO-1233zd. The bonding method of the present invention comprises providing a bonding composition according to the present invention and applying the bonding composition to at least one of one or more objects and / or one or more surfaces to be bonded. In most embodiments, the method involves bringing multiple objects or surfaces together to allow the binder to form a bond between the objects / surfaces that adhere to each other. In some embodiments, the carrier or a portion thereof is removed, preferably by evaporation, before the objects / surfaces are brought together, while in other embodiments, the carrier or a portion thereof is removed after the objects / surfaces are brought together. Of course, some embodiments can be used in which the carrier is removed before, during, and after the objects / surfaces are brought together.

[0025]

[0026] While not considered essential for many embodiments, in some embodiments it may be desirable to use a co-carrier in the adhesive formulations of the present invention. Such co-carriers, in addition to those mentioned above, include lower alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol, etc.), terpene-based solvents (e.g., d-limonene), other fast-evaporating organic materials (e.g., isoprene, hexane, heptane, styrene liquids, xylene, toluene, methylcyclohexane, cyclohexane, 2,2-dichloropropane, methylene chloride, diisobutyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl ... Examples of suitable carriers include, but are not limited to, methylcyclohexanone, cyclohexanone, isobutyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate, propyl acetate, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol, 2-ethylhexanol), as well as mixtures of any of these with or without additional materials used as co-carriers.

[0026]

[0027] With respect to method steps, the compositions of the present invention can be applied using a variety of techniques and processes, including, but not limited to, spraying, dipping, pouring, brushing, and combinations of these and other processes and techniques.

[0027]

[0028] Other optional steps can be used to assist, improve or achieve at least partial removal of the carrier from the composition and / or from the substrate, object and / or surface, so as to achieve or improve the desired bond reveal.Such additional steps can take many forms according to the present invention, but in many applications, such optional steps include exposing the adhesive composition to the environment after application, which in many preferred embodiments leads to at least partial, preferably a large proportion, and even more preferably substantially complete evaporation of the monotrifluoropropene.In some embodiments, evaporation is promoted by heating the adhesive composition after application, and it is recognized that the heating step can also provide additional benefits, for example, by accelerating the revealing / curing / reaction of the binder components and / or by helping to reveal the desired properties of the adhesive after bond formation.

[0028]

[0029] The bonding agent may be a wide variety of materials and combinations in accordance with the broad scope of the present invention. By way of non-limiting example, the active adhesive may be an acrylic adhesive, an epoxy adhesive, a styrene adhesive, and combinations thereof.

[0029]

[0030] With respect to adhesive systems, it is contemplated, although not necessarily preferred, that the bonding method may require the application of two or more different compositions or materials to achieve the desired final bond. In such cases, the system of the present invention comprises the adhesive composition together with the additional materials or compositions intended or used together with the adhesive composition to achieve the bond according to the present invention.

[0030]

[0031] As also noted above, for many adhesive applications, the selection of a particular HCFO-1233zd isomer can be based on its properties, its application method, and / or its solubility / miscibility with the binder. For example, for some spray applications, the trans-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be preferred because it has a much lower boiling point than the cis-isomer, although the cis-isomer can be provided to promote binder solubility if necessary. In such applications, the trans-isomer can be used with binders such as those within the general categories defined above. In some embodiments, the binder specifically includes, but is not limited to, urethane or styrene rubber. For non-spray applications, it is particularly desirable to have the carrier / active ingredient combination form an at least partially soluble and / or at least partially emulsifiable mixture, and the selection of the isomer to be used can be based on its solubility with the binder. In some non-spray applications, the cis-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be preferred because it exhibits better solubility with binders such as those within the general categories defined above, particularly binders including, but not limited to, acrylic resins, SBS, or other styrene resins. Alternatively, in other non-spray applications, the trans-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be preferred or used instead, either alone or, in some embodiments, in combination with one or more co-carriers defined above, particularly trans-1233zd, to promote solubility or emulsification of the binder with other forms of binder. It can be given in combination with a co-carrier that improves

[0031]

[0032] Applicants note that in the above embodiments where one particular isomer may be preferred, the inclusion of both isomers is not necessarily excluded. Rather, this simply specifies the properties of one isomer that are preferred for that application. In such applications, either isomer can be provided alone or in isomeric mixtures.

[0032] Sealant compositions, sealing methods, and sealant systems:

[0033] As noted above, preferred sealant compositions of the present invention comprise a sealant and a carrier comprising a monochlorotrifluoropropene, preferably HCFO-1233zd, and even more preferably trans-HCFO-1233zd and / or cis-HCFO-1233zd. The sealing method of the present invention preferably includes providing a sealant composition according to the present invention and applying the sealant composition to at least one of one or more objects and / or one or more surfaces to be sealed. In many embodiments, the sealant is used to create a seal, in some embodiments, a watertight seal, between two surfaces or objects. In such embodiments, the method preferably includes applying the sealant to one or both of the objects / surfaces, followed by bringing the objects or surfaces together so that the gap or space therebetween is relatively resistant to the flow of one or more fluids. In other embodiments, gaps exist or are formed between multiple objects / surfaces, and the sealant is applied to the multiple surfaces / objects substantially simultaneously to fill and seal at least a portion of the gap. Additional embodiments include sonic and air processing. In any of these embodiments, pressure can be applied to the objects and / or the sealant composition to improve sealing. In other embodiments, the sealant composition can be used in relatively porous materials, such as fabrics, to create increased resistance to the passage of one or more fluids, such as water, through portions of the material treated with the sealant of the present invention. In some embodiments, the carrier or a portion thereof is removed, preferably by evaporation, before the objects / surfaces are brought together, while in other embodiments, the carrier or a portion thereof is removed after the objects / surfaces are brought together. Of course, some embodiments can be used in which a portion of the carrier is removed before, during, and after the objects / surfaces are brought together.

[0033]

[0034] Other optional steps can be used to aid, enhance, or achieve at least partial removal of the carrier from the composition and / or from the object and / or surface being treated, so as to achieve or enhance the desired seal reveal. While such additional steps can take many forms according to the present method, in many applications, such optional steps include exposing the sealant composition to the environment once it has been applied, which in many preferred embodiments results in at least partial, preferably a large proportion, and even more preferably substantially complete, evaporation of the monotrifluoropropene. In some embodiments, evaporation is promoted by heating the sealant composition once it has been applied, and it is recognized that the heating step can also provide additional benefits, for example, by accelerating the revealing / curing / reaction of the sealant components and / or helping to reveal desired properties in the sealant once it has been applied.

[0034]

[0035] The sealant may be a wide variety of materials and combinations in accordance with the broad scope of the present invention. By way of non-limiting example, the active sealing component may include one or more of a silicone sealant, a poly(α-monoalkenyl arene) / poly(conjugated diene) block copolymer or a hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated derivative thereof, and combinations of these with or without other active sealants.

[0035]

[0036] With respect to adhesive systems, it is contemplated that a sealant process may require the application of two or more different compositions or materials to achieve the desired final bond. In such cases, the system of the present invention comprises the sealant composition together with additional materials or compositions that are intended to be or are used in conjunction with the sealant composition to achieve a seal in accordance with the present invention.

[0036]

[0037] As also noted above, for many sealant applications, the selection of a particular HCFO-1233zd isomer can be based on its properties, application method, and / or its solubility / miscibility with the sealant. For example, for some spray applications, the trans-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be preferred because it has a much lower boiling point than the cis-isomer, although the cis-isomer can be provided to promote sealant solubility if desired. In such applications, the trans-isomer can be used with sealants such as, but not limited to, those within the general categories defined above, although the cis-isomer can be provided to promote sealant solubility if desired. For non-spray applications, it is particularly desirable to form a carrier / active ingredient combination that is at least partially soluble and / or at least partially emulsifiable, and the selection of the isomer to be used can be based on its solubility with the sealant. For some non-spray applications, the cis-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be preferred because it exhibits better solubility with sealants such as, but not limited to, those within the general categories defined above. In other non-spray applications where the trans-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be preferred or used instead, it may be provided alone or, in some embodiments, in combination with one or more co-carriers, particularly one or more co-carriers that improve the solubility or emulsification of the trans-1233zd with the sealant.Examples of co-carriers in sealing applications include, but are not limited to, other hydrocarbons, other fluorocarbons, such as other fluorochlorocarbons, fluoroethers, fluoroketones, alcohols, ketones, formates, lower alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol, etc.), naphtha, terpene-based solvents (e.g., d-limonene), other high evaporation rate organics (e.g., isoprene, hexane, heptane, styrene liquids, xylene, toluene, methylcyclohexane, cyclohexane, 2,2-dichloropropane, methylene chloride, diisobutyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methylcyclohexanone, cyclohexanone, isobutyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate, propyl acetate, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol, 2-ethylhexanol), and mixtures of any of these with or without additional materials used as co-carriers.

[0037]

[0038] Applicants note that in the above embodiments where one particular isomer may be preferred, the inclusion of both isomers is not necessarily excluded. Rather, this simply specifies the properties of one isomer that are preferred for that application. In such applications, either isomer can be provided alone or in isomeric mixtures.

[0038] Lubricant compositions, lubrication methods, and lubricant systems:

[0039] As noted above, preferred lubricant compositions of the present invention comprise a lubricant and a carrier comprising a monochlorotrifluoropropene, preferably HCFO-1233zd, and even more preferably trans-HCFO-1233zd and / or cis-HCFO-1233zd. The lubricating method of the present invention preferably comprises providing a lubricating composition according to the present invention and applying the lubricating composition to at least one of one or more objects and / or one or more surfaces to be lubricated. In many embodiments, the lubricant is used to form an area, region, or surface of an object or material that exhibits a reduced level of friction upon friction-causing contact with another object. The selection of a particular HCFO-1233zd isomer can be based on its properties, the method of application, and / or its solubility / miscibility with the lubricant. For example, for some spray applications, the trans-HCFO-1233zd isomer exhibits significantly greater friction than the cis isomer. Although the cis isomer may be preferred because it has a lower boiling point, the cis isomer may be provided to promote lubricant solubility if desired. In non-spray applications, either the cis or trans isomer may be used based, at least in part, on its solubility or miscibility with the lubricant. However, applicants note that the preference for one isomer does not necessarily preclude the inclusion of both isomers. Rather, it simply identifies the properties of one isomer that may be preferred for that application. In such applications, either isomer may be provided alone or in an isomeric mixture.

[0039]

[0040] Various steps can be used to aid, enhance, or effect removal of at least a portion of the carrier from the composition and / or from the object and / or surface being treated to enable or enhance the desired lubricant development. While such additional steps can take many forms according to the present invention, in many applications, such optional steps include exposing the lubricant composition to the environment once it has been applied, which in many preferred embodiments results in at least a portion, preferably a large proportion, and even more preferably substantially all, of the monotrifluoropropene evaporating. In some embodiments, evaporation is enhanced by heating the lubricant composition once it has been applied, and it is recognized that the heating step can also provide additional benefits, for example, by accelerating the development / curing / reaction of components of the lubricant and / or helping to develop desired properties in the lubricant once it has been applied.

[0040]

[0041] Lubricants may be of a wide variety of materials and formulations consistent with the broad scope of the present invention. Commonly used active lubricants include, but are not limited to, polyol esters (POEs) and polyalkylene glycols (PAGs), PAG oils, silicone oils, mineral oils, alkylbenzenes (ABs), and poly(α-olefins) (PAOs). Commercially available mineral oils include Witco LP 250® from Witco, Zerol 300® from Shrieve Chemical, Sunisco 3GS from Witco, and Calumet R015 from Calumet. Commercially available alkylbenzene lubricants include Zerol 150®. Commercially available esters include neopentyl glycol diperal, available as Emery 2917® and Hatcol 2370®. Other useful esters include phosphate esters, dibasic acid esters, and fluoroesters. Of course, different mixtures of different types of lubricants can be used.

[0041]

[0042] With respect to lubricant systems, it is contemplated, but not necessarily preferred, that a lubrication method may require the application of two or more different compositions or materials to achieve the desired final lubricating effect. In such cases, the system of the present invention comprises the present lubricant composition together with additional materials or compositions intended to be or used with the present lubricant composition to achieve the friction-reducing effect according to the present invention.

[0042] Pesticide compositions, methods, and systems:

[0043] As noted above, preferred pesticide compositions of the present invention comprise a pesticide and a carrier comprising a monochlorotrifluoropropene, preferably HCFO-1233zd, and even more preferably trans-HCFO-1233zd and / or cis-HCFO-1233zd. The selection of a particular HCFO-1233zd isomer can be based on its properties, the method of application, and / or its solubility / miscibility with the pesticide. For example, for some spray applications, the trans-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be preferred because it has a much lower boiling point than the cis-isomer, although the cis-isomer can be provided to promote pesticide solubility if desired. In non-spray applications, either the cis or trans isomer can be used based, at least in part, on its solubility or miscibility with the pesticide. However, applicants believe that the inclusion of both isomers is sufficient to justify the preference for one isomer. Note that this does not necessarily exclude it; rather, it simply identifies the properties of one isomer that may be preferred for that application. In such applications, either isomer can be provided alone or in isomeric mixtures.

[0043]

[0044] The methods of reducing insects of the present invention preferably include providing an insecticide composition according to the present invention and applying the insecticide composition to one or more objects and / or one or more surfaces and / or the environment (including the air) to be treated. In many embodiments, the insecticide is used to make an area, region, or surface of an object or material, or an area or region of an environment, relatively inhospitable to one or more insect species, thereby reducing or affecting the presence of such one or more insect species on or near the area, object, etc.

[0044]

[0045] Various steps can be used to aid, enhance, or achieve the removal of at least a portion of the carrier from the composition and / or from the object and / or surface and / or space being treated, thereby enabling or enhancing the desired release of the pesticide. Such additional steps can take many forms according to the present invention, but in many applications, such optional steps include exposing the pesticide composition to the environment after application, which in many preferred embodiments results in at least a portion, preferably a large proportion, and even more preferably substantially all, of the monotrifluoropropene volatilizing. It is recognized that in some embodiments, other steps may be necessary to promote or enhance the effectiveness of the pesticide active ingredient and / or to reveal desired properties in the pesticide after application.

[0045]

[0046] Insecticides can be a wide variety of materials and formulations consistent with the broad scope of the present invention. One embodiment of the insecticide formulation of the present invention includes an improved insect spray, such as a spray for wasps or other flying insects. In such embodiments, it is contemplated, and in some cases preferred, that a propellant, preferably an environmentally friendly propellant such as HFO-1234ze, can be used to assist in spraying or releasing the composition from a tube or canister in which the composition can be stored prior to use. In such cases, it is contemplated and preferred that the carrier components of the present invention preferably solvate, and even more preferably substantially completely solvate, the active insecticide ingredient, thereby improving the composition's ability to soak into the object, surface, area, or region to be treated, such as a wasp or digger nest, and then evaporate relatively quickly, allowing the active ingredient to effectively act against insects and remain in place in areas, regions, or surfaces that would otherwise be difficult to treat with the insecticide.

[0046]

[0047] By way of non-limiting example, active insecticides that can be used in accordance with the present invention include pyrethrins, piperonyl butoxide, and carbaryl. Optional additional ingredients such as petroleum distillates and inert ingredients can also be used.

[0047]

[0048] With respect to pesticide systems, it is contemplated, but not necessarily preferred, that the lubrication method may require the application of two or more different compositions or materials to achieve the desired final pesticidal effect. In such cases, the system of the present invention includes the pesticide composition together with the additional materials or compositions intended or used together with the pesticide composition to achieve the pesticidal effect according to the present invention.

[0048] Herbicidal compositions, herbicidal methods, and herbicidal systems:

[0049] As noted above, preferred herbicidal compositions of the present invention comprise a herbicide and a carrier comprising a monochlorotrifluoropropene, preferably HCFO-1233zd, and even more preferably trans-HCFO-1233zd and / or cis-HCFO-1233zd. The selection of a particular HCFO-1233zd isomer can be based on its properties, application method, and / or its solubility / miscibility with the herbicide. For example, for some spray applications, the trans-HCFO-1233zd isomer may be preferred because it has a much lower boiling point than the cis-isomer, although the cis-isomer can be provided to promote herbicide solubility if necessary. In non-spray applications, either the cis- or trans-isomer can be used based, at least in part, on its solubility or miscibility with the herbicide. However, applicants note that the preference for one isomer does not necessarily preclude the inclusion of both isomers. Rather, it simply identifies the properties of one isomer that may be preferred for that application. In such applications, either isomer can be provided alone or in isomeric mixtures. The method for affecting plant growth of the present invention preferably includes providing a herbicide composition according to the present invention and applying the herbicide composition to one or more objects and / or one or more surfaces and / or the environment (including the air) to be treated. In many embodiments, herbicides are used to affect, either positively or negatively, the growth or health of one or more plants, thus reducing, increasing, or otherwise affecting the presence of such one or more plants on or near the treated area.

[0049]

[0050] Various steps can be used to aid, enhance, or effect removal of at least a portion of the carrier from the composition and / or from the object and / or surface and / or space or soil region being treated, so as to enable or enhance the desired herbicide release. While such additional steps can take many forms according to the present invention, in many applications, such optional steps will involve exposing the herbicide composition to the environment once applied, which in many preferred embodiments will result in evaporation of at least a portion, preferably a large proportion, and even more preferably substantially all, of the monotrifluoropropene.

[0050]

[0051] It is recognized that in some embodiments, other steps may be necessary to promote or improve the effectiveness of the active ingredient of the herbicide and / or to develop desired properties in the herbicide once the herbicide is applied.

[0051]

[0052] Herbicides may be a wide variety of materials and formulations consistent with the broad scope of the present invention. One embodiment of the herbicide formulation of the present invention includes an improved weed or plant spray. In such an embodiment, it is intended, and in some cases preferred, to use a propellant, preferably an environmentally friendly propellant such as HFO-1234ze, to aid in spraying or releasing the composition from a tube or can in which the composition can be stored prior to use. In such cases, it is intended, and preferred, that the carrier components of the present invention preferably solvate, and even more preferably substantially completely solvate, the active herbicide ingredient, thereby improving the composition's ability to soak into the object, surface, area, or region to be treated, and then evaporate relatively quickly, allowing the active ingredient to effectively act to enhance or suppress the growth of selected plants and remain in place within areas, regions, or surfaces that would otherwise be difficult to treat with the herbicide.

[0052]

[0053] With respect to herbicide systems, it is contemplated, but not necessarily preferred, that a herbicidal method may require the application of two or more different compositions or materials to achieve the desired final herbicidal effect. In such cases, the system of the present invention includes the herbicidal composition together with the additional materials or compositions intended or used together with the herbicidal composition to achieve the growth / health-regulating effect according to the present invention. [Example]

[0053]

[0054] The following examples are given for the purpose of illustrating the present invention, but not limiting its scope. Example 1: Coating / Paint:

[0055] Resins for use in coatings, particularly paints, containing the following active ingredients were tested in the amounts shown to achieve the results shown, based on combining the carrier and resin in a 40 cc septum-top vial and shaking at room temperature (examples with a single suffix used trans-HFCO-1233zd, examples with a double suffix used cis-HFCO-1233zd).

[0054] [Table 1]

[0055] Example 2: Adhesive:

[0056] The following binders with active ingredients were tested in the amounts shown and achieved the results shown, based on combining the carrier and binder in a 40 cc septum-top vial and shaking at room temperature (examples with a single suffix used trans-HFCO-1233zd, examples with a double suffix used cis-HFCO-1233zd):

[0056] [Table 2]

[0057] After the observed suspension-like material, designated as 2A in the table above, was formed, the liquid was poured onto a metal surface and allowed to stand to allow substantially all of the carrier to evaporate. The surface with the adhesive thereon became tacky, indicating that a material was formed that was capable of immediately achieving bonding.

[0058] Example 3: Sealant:

[0058] The sealants containing the following active ingredients were tested in the amounts shown and achieved the results shown, based on combining the carrier and sealant in a 40 cc septum-top vial and shaking at room temperature (examples with a single suffix used trans-HFCO-1233zd, examples with a double suffix used cis-HFCO-1233zd):

[0059] [Table 3]

[0060] Example 4: Lubricant: A carrier comprised of 1234ze(E) according to the present invention was mixed with mineral oil in relative amounts such that the mineral oil was entrained, substantially dissolved, or emulsified, or a combination thereof, by the carrier. The mineral oil was present in an amount effective to provide lubrication upon application to a surface. Specifically, lubricants in the form of mineral oil containing the following active ingredients were tested in the amounts shown to achieve the results shown, based on combining the carrier and lubricant in a 40 cc septum-top vial and shaking at room temperature (Examples with a single suffix used trans-HFCO-1233zd, and Examples with a double suffix used cis-HFCO-1233zd):

[0061] [Table 4]

[0062] Example 5: Insecticide: A carrier comprised of 1233zd(E) and 1233zd(Z) according to the present invention was mixed with an insecticide material having conventional insecticidal properties in relative amounts to entrain, substantially dissolve or emulsify the insecticide by the carrier, or a combination thereof, in accordance with the teachings contained herein. The insecticide was present in an amount effective to provide an insecticidal effect upon application using conventional application techniques.

[0063] Example 6: Herbicides: A carrier comprised of 1233zd(E) and 1233zd(Z) according to the present invention was mixed with a pesticide material having conventional pesticidal properties in relative amounts to entrain, substantially dissolve or emulsify the herbicide by the carrier, or a combination thereof, in accordance with the teachings contained herein. The herbicide was present in an amount effective to provide a herbicidal effect upon application using conventional application techniques.

[0064] Example 7: Measurement of Kauri-butanol value:

[0059] Kauri-butanol (KB) values ​​for both trans-1233zd and cis-1233zd were measured in the laboratory using ASTM method D-1133: Standard Test Method for Kauri-Butanol Value of Hydrocarbon Solvents. The Kauri-butanol value of a solvent is an indicator of how well a kauri gum resin solution dissolves in the solvent and is widely used in industry to compare the solvency of compounds. Kauri-butanol solutions were obtained from Fischer Scientific. Both trans-1233zd and cis-1233zd were titrated into solutions held in 20 cc vials with septum screw caps. The KB value for trans-1233zd was found to be 25, and the KB value for cis-1233zd was found to be 34. Unexpectedly, the KB value for cis-1233zd increased by >30% over the KB value for trans-1233zd. CFC-113, which was a widely used solvent in various cleaning applications and depositions, including but not limited to electronics cleaning, dry cleaning, metal cleaning, etc., had a KB value of 31. Cis-1233zd would be the preferred solvent when considering electronics cleaning, dry cleaning, metal cleaning, and depositions due to its higher KB value.

[0065] Example 8: Solubility of acrylic resin: Test samples of commercially available acrylic plastic sheet cut into 1 / 4 inch by 2 inch pieces were placed in 20 cc vials with septum screw caps. Solvent The trans-1233zd and cis-1233zd were slowly added via syringe to cover the entire plastic sample inside the vial. The purpose of this was to observe whether degradation of the plastic occurred. The acrylic material was found to dissolve easily in both solvents.

[0066] Example 9: Solubility of High Impact Styrene: Test samples of commercially available high-impact styrene plastic sheet cut into 1 / 4 inch by 2 inch pieces were placed in 20 cc vials with septum screw caps. The solvents (trans-1233zd and cis-1233zd) were added slowly via syringe to cover the entire plastic sample inside the vial. The purpose was to observe whether degradation of the plastic occurred. The high-impact styrene material was found to be completely soluble in the cis-1233zd solvent, while it only showed swelling in the trans-1233zd solvent. This indicates a clear difference in the solubility of cis-1233zd relative to trans-1233zd.

[0067] Example 10: Solubility of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene: Test samples of commercially available acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) sheet, cut into 1 / 4 inch by 2 inch pieces, were placed in 20 cc vials with septum screw caps. The solvents (trans-1233zd and cis-1233zd) were added slowly by syringe to cover the entire plastic sample inside the vial. The ABS plastic material was found to be completely soluble in the cis-1233zd solvent, while it only showed deformation in the trans-1233zd solvent. This indicates a clear difference in the solubility of cis-1233zd relative to trans-1233zd.

[0068] Example 11: Solubility of Polycarbonate: The experiment in Example 8 was repeated using a commercially available polycarbonate material. Trans-1233zd had a slightly smaller effect on the polycarbonate in that the polycarbonate appeared to crack, but cis-1233zd had a larger effect in that the polycarbonate had severe crazing and even cracking after exposure to cis-1233zd.

[0069] Example 12: Solubility of acrylic resin: The experiment of Example 8 was repeated using commercially available Dow Polaroid Au-608-B acrylic material. This material is used in a variety of coatings. Trans-1233zd was unable to dissolve this material without the addition of a cosolvent, whereas cis-1233zd completely dissolved it.

[0070] Example 13: Heparin solubility: The experiment of Example 8 was repeated using heparin, a blood anticoagulant material used as a coating on medical devices. Heparin is effective in preventing deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in at-risk patients. Neither solvent was able to dissolve this material. When 2% by weight of methanol was added to each material, the trans-1233zd and methanol solution was able to dissolve 0.794% by weight of heparin, and the cis-1233zd and methanol solution was able to dissolve 1.19% by weight of heparin and remained clear when left overnight.

Claims

1. Lubricants, and A carrier containing an amount of trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (trans-HCFO-1233zd) effective for solvating and / or emulsifying the lubricant. A composition containing the following is given: The composition is applied to the surface of the substrate; and Remove the carrier from the lubricant; A method for applying a lubricant to a surface, including the following.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the carrier is removed by evaporation.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the composition is applied to a substrate by spray coating.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the application step is selected from the group consisting of dipping, injecting, brush application, and immersion.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the carrier is substantially composed of trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (trans-HCFO-1233zd).

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the carrier is composed of trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (trans-HCFO-1233zd).

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the carrier further comprises one or more cocarriers.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the cocarrier is selected from diisobutyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methylcyclohexanone, and cyclohexanone.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the carrier comprises trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (trans-HCFO-1233zd) and any cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (cis-HCFO-1233zd).

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the lubricant comprises at least one of polyol ester (POE), polyalkylene glycol (PAG), PAG oil, silicone oil, mineral oil, alkylbenzene (AB), and poly(α-olefin) (PAO).