Perforation sealing and improved foam properties for controlled foam injection (CFI) fragmentation of rock and concrete

Abstract

To provide an improved method and apparatus for crushing rock and concrete based on a controlled bubble injection or PCF method in which a pre-drilled hole of suitable geometry is pressurized using a high pressure fluid.SOLUTION: Fracturing of rock and concrete based on controlled bubble injection or PCF uses a high-pressure fluid to pressurize a pre-drilled hole. A high pressure seal is formed between the injection barrel and the wall of the pre-drilled hole in the material to be destroyed. A leak-free poppet valve retains fluid in the pressure vessel prior to rapid discharge. A variable charge of foam / water is generated and delivered to the crusher. The injection barrel is pre-filled with a low viscosity fluid. An annular reverse-acting poppet valve allows for the simultaneous injection of chemical additives and / or microparticles to alter foam viscosity during the high pressure discharge into the material to be crushed. The high-pressure foam generating device is compact and reliable. Removal of the seal and washing frees the injection barrel.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

Summary of the Invention

[0001] The present invention involves the controlled application of high pressure fluid to pressurize pre-drilled holes of appropriate geometry. Controlled-Foam Injection or Penetrating Cone Fracture (PCF) method The present invention provides an improved method and apparatus for crushing rock and concrete based on the present invention. The invention is based on the idea of ​​a hole between the injection barrel and the wall of a pre-drilled hole in the material to be crushed. forming a high pressure seal, removing and cleaning said seal to release the injection barrel from its location; The present invention provides an automated method, apparatus, and technique for an improved leak-free poppet valve. Holds fluid in a pressure vessel and rapidly expels it. Produces variable fill volumes of foam and water. and delivering it to the crusher includes pre-filling an injection barrel with a low viscosity fluid. An annular reverse-acting poppet valve is provided to vary the foam viscosity during high pressure release into the material being fractured. This allows for the simultaneous injection of chemical additives and / or microparticles for improved The high-pressure foam generator configuration is compact, reliable and allows for PLC control.

[0002] The present invention relates to the Controlled Foam Injection (CFI) method and the Penetrating Cone Fracture (PCF) method. Continuous fracture based on controlled fracture of hard and tough rock and concrete by the acture method The present application is directed to an improved excavation / demolition system. The CFI method and PC method outlined in US Patent Nos. 271 and 5,098,163 All F methods involve delivering pressurized fluid to the bottom of a pre-drilled hole in the material to be destroyed. U.S. Patent Nos. 6,375,271 and 5,098,163 state that No. 6,399,749, filed Dec. 1, 2003, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety as if fully set forth herein.

[0003] The efficiency of the CFI and PCF processes in terms of energy use is determined by the distance between the injection barrel and the perforations. In terms of operational efficiency, both methodologies are highly dependent on the effectiveness of the seal. To achieve this, the drilling of the hole, installation of the barrel and seal, and the operation of barrel removal are It depends on the ability to automate the process.

[0004] To this end, the assignee has developed a new, fully automated sealing system. A pneumatic system based on a simple PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) is sufficient. It automatically delivers the correct amount of sand directly into the sealing cavity. This effectively crushes the sand in the sand-filled cavity, forming a highly effective high-pressure seal. do.

[0005] Field testing revealed the need to occasionally release the injection barrel from the host rock. In some fracturing situations, the injection barrel occasionally penetrates into a section of host rock that contains intact sand seals within the borehole. The present invention provides a method for directly applying compressed air and pressurized water to the nozzle. Through delivery, the remainder of the sand seal is washed away, thereby allowing the injection barrel to be removed from the borehole at will. This provides a means to enable this.

[0006] In this invention, an improved poppet is described which reduces leakage and is resistant to surface imperfections. Features a novel self-aligning conical valve seat for improved durability and resilience of operation against Preventing premature leakage of pressurized fluid into the material being fractured reduces the risk of accidental or further The possibility of premature fracture is greatly reduced or eliminated.

[0007] The matrix to be fractured must be characterized in terms of porosity, parting plane structure, discontinuities, and composition. These differences can have a negative impact on the magnitude of the destruction. This sometimes creates gaps large enough to cause incomplete fracture of the host rock. To avoid this, a high foam injection pressure must be maintained to minimize foam buildup as it moves through the cracks. It is desirable to dramatically increase the viscosity of the foam. It is possible to simultaneously inject a pressurized stream of reactive liquid into the main stream of foam. A unique annular poppet device is described.

[0008] The present invention provides a method for producing high pressure sand seals without the negative disadvantages of manual operation and the resulting delays. Both a method and an apparatus for automating the formation and optional removal of the stop are provided.

[0009] The present invention provides a method for metering a sufficient amount of preferred sand from a pressurized sand hopper into a sealed annular compartment. Programmable logic control (PLC) that can transport and place sand into the cavity The sealed cavity and sand are both air-operated sand delivery systems. The cavity captures the sand and Following placement of the sand, the PLC or operator A hydraulic valve can be activated, which activates the crushing and compaction of the trapped sand. This crushed sand layer is then formed into a fine-grained, dense, annular layer seal. It creates a high-pressure seal that secures the bolt tightly within the borehole and prevents leakage between the bottom of the hole and the outside. By locking the barrel in place against the material being crushed, recoil forces are minimized. or eliminated, thereby reducing repeated stresses on conveyors and equipment.

[0010] The seal may be broken if the drilled holes are not round or uniform and are of different diameters. These are all realities in rotary impact drilling, and the new seal , is effective in all such applications.

[0011] The sand is kept dry in a 100% humidity underground environment, and the dry sand is then transported to the hopper. -Kept within.

[0012] The fixed position of the injection barrel provided by the sand seal prevents the material to be crushed from reaching the injection barrel. This has proven so effective that it is sometimes necessary to use techniques to release the A preferred embodiment is a method and method for freeing the injection barrel by flushing out the crushed sand seal. The present invention provides a method for applying a mixed stream of compressed air and pressurized water to a crushed object. The device is adapted to selectively deliver sand along the injection barrel toward the sealed ring. Incorporating port connections and valves into the grinding tube. The turbulence and agitation of the flowing water erodes and washes away the exposed finely ground sand, This allows the seal to be removed and the barrel to be opened.

[0013] Leakage of pressurized fluid through the poppet valve into the sealed bore results in: This can lead to premature, unexpected, sudden fracture of the base material. To achieve this, the present invention automatically aligns against the softer mating conical seat. The present invention incorporates an improved poppet valve with a rigid conical piston that, under pressure, The harder poppet piston mechanically deforms imperfections in the seating surface, creating a more rigid mating surface. It allows for a tight seal, thereby eliminating any subsequent leakage. The large surface area provided allows the poppet pistons to follow axial misalignment between them. , and is held in a stable position by fluid back pressure.

[0014] The footprint of the high-pressure foam generator is minimized by housing the viscosity enhancer injection device internally. In previous embodiments, the device has been modified by adding an additional thin piston / cylinder to the body. This shorter internal configuration was housed externally as an underside extension. In addition, it limits the concentricity between the cylinder wall and the piston. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0015] [Figure 1] FIG. 10 is a detailed cutaway side view, in foreshortening fashion, of the injection barrel and grinding tube subassembly in a retracted position for automated sand delivery to the sand sealing cavity. [Figure 2] FIG. 10 is a detailed cutaway side view, drawn in foreshortening fashion, of the injection barrel and crush tube subassembly in the extended position, showing the device inserted into the pre-drilled hole after sand seal installation has secured the barrel in the host rock. [Figure 3] 1A-1C show side cross-sectional, perspective cross-sectional, and perspective views, and cross-sectional views, of the present PLC-controlled pneumatic sand delivery device. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a detailed cross-sectional view of the barrel and annular poppet valve for injecting a modifier into the main bubble discharge stream. [Figure 5a] 5A and 5B are close-up views of the annular poppet valve depicted in FIG. 4 with the piston seal in a closed and open position, respectively. [Figure 5b]5A and 5B are close-up views of the annular poppet valve depicted in FIG. 4 with the piston seal in a closed and open position, respectively. [Figure 6] 1A-1C are three detailed cross-sectional views of a simplified poppet valve having a conical seat. [Figure 7] 7 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the same poppet valve depicted in FIG. 6 in a shortened manner, with a reduced number of parts. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a diagram of a dual action foam generating system having a pressure regulator capable of supplying foam to a breaker with variable gas quality and viscosity enhancer. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a compact foam generating device with a piston core assembly at the center. [Figure 10] This is a schematic representation of the control. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] The automated seal placement system includes the following elements: PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) The figure shows an air-pressurized sand hopper and measuring device controlled by a controller. Pressure-resistant hoses and conduits connected to the crusher barrel shown in 1, as well as the barrel and the expanded barrel end Sealed cavities in the host rock formed in the gap between the section, the perforation and the end of the crushing pipe. Also, suitable sand and A low pressure compressor capable of delivering a steady and sufficient flow of compressed air to the system is required. will be done.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, automated seal installation begins by pre-drilling holes in the host rock. Insert the collapsed crusher barrel 2 assembly 1 into the bore 19 as shown in FIG. As depicted in FIG. 1, the grinding tube 3 and grinding piston assembly The nozzle 13 is initially in a retracted position, which allows the sand particles in the nose cone 5 to be ejected through the crushing tube opening 6. The port 9 is connected to the sand ditch 4. The sealing installation operation is simply a command sent to the PLC. It is initiated at will by the operator of the continuous mining machine by pressing a button on the control panel The PLC is an electromagnetic air compressor that opens the flow of compressed air to a sand hopper 22 with a lid 21, FIG. The valves are appropriately programmed to open, thereby sealing off all but the sand delivery port 26. The entire hopper 22 is pressurized through the inlet ports 20 and 28. The air flow is directed through this port 26 and the hose connected to it to the crusher shown in FIG. The air is then drawn through the inlet port 9 into the nose cone. enters, travels along the open path provided by the holes 8, crosses the oval opening 6 in the grinding tube 3, The air is fed through a groove between the semicircular channel 4 of the barrel 2 and the outer surface of the grinding tube 3. Finally, it reaches the sealed cavity 18, where it spreads outward and exits through the perforations 19 to the outside. This initial air flow is caused by: a) the sand hopper 22 and the measuring device; b) properly pressurize the equipment 24; c) clean all lines and conduits; and Any residual water and cuttings must be removed from the drill hole.

[0018] After a suitable time, the PLC then activates the relay, which activates the load on the sand hopper 22. Turn on the air motor 27 while still pressurizing it and ensuring continuous air flow. The rollers 24 are then meshed 29 and begin to rotate counter-rotating relative to each other. This allows for longitudinal measurement of the constant sand flow entering the through-funnel 23 and exiting the through-funnel 25. Measure the optimum flow rate of sand entering the air stream to prevent line stoppage or excessive sand content. The gap between the rollers is calibrated to avoid jamming.

[0019] The sand thus supplied enters the flow of compressed air 26 and flows together with the air into the sealing cavity 18 The sand particles can escape through the gap between the wall 19 of the borehole and the crushing pipe 3 or into the borehole. The hole bottom is reached through the gap between the hole 19 and the conical enlarged end 1, which forces the sand outward. In other words, the bulk of the sand is trapped in the sealed cavity 18 because it is too large to escape. Once enough sand has been delivered to the sand sealing cavity 18, the PLC automatically starts the roller motor Deactivating the relay allows any further sand to flow down the funnel 25 and through the outlet port 26. and for a short predetermined time thereafter. The PLC maintains a steady flow of air through the sand line and into the sand sealing cavity 18. This ensures that the lines and conduits are clear of any remaining sand and also prevents sand buildup. This prevents buildup that can cause blockages and clogs.

[0020] The PLC then closes the solenoid air valve, which stops the flow of compressed air to the sand hopper 22 . All air pressure in the hopper 22 is vented to the outside through the sand line 26. The author then operates an electrohydraulic valve which sends hydraulic fluid pressure to the crushing tube cylinder 14. This sequentially controls the crushing of the sand accumulated in the sand sealing cavity 18. The PLC monitors two corresponding sensors, one measuring the distance traveled by the grinding tube and the other The hydraulic pressure acting on the crushing tube piston 13 is measured. Alternatively, the PLC software can numerically calculate an estimate of the grinding tube movement using only one pressure sensor. To calculate the estimate, the PLC software first calculates the actuation of the grinding tube and the resulting The time interval between the pressure peak at the end of the movement and the pressure peak at the end of the movement is measured, and then the The PLC multiplies the set constant extension speed of the grinding tube by the value. The distance traveled by the grinding tube is compared to a predetermined maximum value. If the distance traveled by the grinding tube is less than this threshold, If there is, the PLC determines the success of the seal installation and crushing operation. However, if the distance exceeds a threshold, the PLC sets an error pilot light to alert the operator of a failed seal installation operation. The operator is then notified of the success or failure of the automatic seal placement and is then able to decide whether to proceed with the subsequent crushing operation or further The operator may proceed to one of the following seal installation procedures as appropriate:

[0021] During the subsequent pressurization of the bottom of the hole, the crushing tube 3 remains under high pressure and The action of hydraulic pressure on the piston 13, which remains trapped, causes the annular sand seal 18 The enlarged end 1 is in contact with the sand seal through its unique conical outer surface. By compressing the seal between this surface and the end of the grinding tube 3, a significant amount of the compressive load is The part is radially and radially aligned with the wall of the sealing cavity perforation and the corresponding outer surface of the barrel / grinding tube. The trapped sand is then crushed into fine silica The resulting powder forms a highly impermeable seal. The resulting seal provides a good coefficient of friction, firmly bonding the barrel 2 to the host rock 17 .

[0022] The conicity of the enlarged end 1 is determined by the angle between the barrel axis and its surface. In some embodiments, a nominal angle of 20 degrees is used and shown. However, this angle may vary depending on the particular Vary and optimize for rock type, fracture pattern, and ease of barrel extraction. This can be done.

[0023] In FIG. 2, the grinding tube 3 has a groove 4 separated from the sealing cavity 18, thereby preventing the The sand barrel groove 4 is elongated to prevent clogging due to accumulation of crushed sand. At the same time, the grinding access lumen 6 is aligned with the flushing port 7 in the nosecone 5, and This allows the barrel groove 4 to act as a conduit for the seal flushing fluid. Once the 8 is installed, the barrel assembly is drilled 1 with effective removal of the crushed sand seal. This is most easily done by the operator using the mixed water and pressurized Activate a set of motorized valves that direct airflow through the appropriate hoses to the nose cone wash port 7. This jet passes through the grinding tube access hole 6 and enters the annular sealing cavity 19. The turbulence of the mixed flow causes The agitation erodes the crushed sand material and carries the fine particles out of the borehole. To assist, the operator hydraulically vibrates the crushing tube to further agitate the crushed sand seal particles. Stir to expel them and suspend them in the surrounding bubbling water stream. Repeat with grinding tube 3 The efficient grinding of sand reduces the particles to fine dust, which, when suspended in the cleaning fluid, The water and air easily escape to the outside through the gaps of the holes 19. At this time, the mixed flow of water and air In this case, the sand flows back into the sand conduit hole 8 of the nose cone due to the part of the crushing pipe covering the opening. is prevented.

[0024] Radial alignment of nose cone access ports 8 and 7 with grinder tube access hole 6 The engagement is maintained by a pair of semi-circular engagement grooves 10, 11 which receive ball bearings of the appropriate diameter. The ball bearings can slide freely along these grooves and move freely when expanded or contracted. Similarly, the sand groove 4 of the barrel 2 prevents the grinding tube from rotating axially during assembly. The nose cone 5 is bolted to the center plate 16. The large compressive force exerted by the hydraulic cylinder 14 on the barrel flange 15 when the barrel is tightened is , preventing accidental rotation during operation.

[0025] The grain size, mineral composition and geometric shape of the sand aid in the placement and effectiveness of the seal. Contains a majority of particles that are not round or too wet, or contains excessively large particles Sand of insufficient diameter can easily cause blockages and clogs in the conduit during seal installation. It is not confined in the cavity 18 and therefore escapes either to the outside or to the bottom of the hole. Sand that does not contain enough quartz will cause the barrel to leak when the bottom of the hole is fully pressurized. Field tests have shown that the coefficient of friction is 8-12 times higher than that of the conventional method. This shows that the ideal sand grains of a small size are well rounded and break down into fine powder. Frac sand is primarily used in the petroleum industry as a proppant. The sand used is one that has been used with good results and provides ideal specifications. Synthetic proppants such as sintered bauxite, although not yet tested, are preferred. It may meet the specifications.

[0026] Quartz sand placement and sealing system in conjunction with conventional propellant-based rock fragmentation (PCF) methods In this way, the energy is reduced and the rock or reduces the packing size required for sufficient concrete fragmentation. The packing size is designed to address the high wind blast, flying stones, toxic gases, and noise associated with standard PCF crushing. Minimize the negative impacts of

[0027] A cross-sectional view of the improved CFI crusher is shown in Figure 4. A specialized annular poppet valve This allows for the simultaneous injection of chemicals into the foam stream during foam release. The role of increasing foam viscosity or changing its composition to improve its rock-breaking properties Fulfill.

[0028] Injection of the cross-linking agent or other liquid foam modifier is performed within an injection cavity 82 in an injection cylinder 83. This is achieved by the differential movement of a small injection tube 81 which acts as a piston. 83 is threaded onto foam piston 84, which moves as the foam is expelled along the barrel. A suitable high pressure seal 86 protects the injection chamber from the high pressure bubble 39 and high pressure air. The rapid change in volume of the chemical chamber 82 separates barrel 2 from the compartment of the gas pad 78. The bubbles are released at the same time as the bubbles are released, thereby forcing the modifying agent out of the tube 81. The bubbles are then forced into the throat 92 of the poppet core shown in Figures 5a and 5b. As it travels through the barrel, it mixes with the injected chemicals, changing their viscosity or fracture characteristics. The desired change in properties is achieved during the crushing process.

[0029] The chemical solution is replenished into the injection cavity 82 through a fixed tube 87 from the foam generating device 55 shown in FIG. 8. Tube 87 also serves as an injection syringe. 83 and crusher air pad section 78. , which is screwed directly onto the rear crusher plug 88.

[0030] A close up view of the annular poppet is shown in Figures 5a and 5b within the main foam cylinder 40. is made up of an inner poppet cylinder 75, an annular poppet piston 76 and a poppet core 77. The through-hole poppet valve is designed to release high pressure bubbles through the barrel and into the bottom of the hole. Allows access to the interior of barrel 4 for injection of selected additives into the foam stream. As shown in Figure 5a, the poppet piston 76 is inserted through the access port shown in Figure 5b. 4, which is ported to the air cavity 80 through a port 89. The seal is held tightly closed by the use of high pressure air from the nozzle. To open the poppet valve, as shown in FIG. 1, the high pressure air in cavity 80 is forced out through port 89. This allows the foam stored in the crusher to escape to the environment. The poppet piston 76 is pushed open to the left, thereby opening the four inclined The poppet core exposes an access port 90 through its throat 92. Four radially spaced access ports 90° allowing escape into the reservoir Equipped with.

[0031] This unique annular poppet provides a special pressure at the bottom of the hole, independent of the high-pressure foam injection for fracturing. This allows access to the bottom of the drill hole for certain operations, such as small charge propellant systems. The system is used to initiate a short duration high pressure bottom hole fracture that helps to completely fragment the material. A pressure pulse can be provided.

[0032] Such a propellant charge augmentation system includes a rotating ball within the throat 92 of the poppet core. The barrel incorporates a check valve that can be used to dispense a small amount of low-pressure foam or gel into the barrel prior to injection. The propellant charge can be supplied with a pressure sensitive switch to ignite the propellant. Most, if not all, of the energy for fragmentation comes from the propellant. The propellant system must be rapidly deployed to allow for such a system to be deployed during normal CFI operations. When it encounters a dense substance with its own hardness, it can break down and crush it. The material may be fed directly from opening 91 through the poppet valve throat into the bore of barrel 4 . Foam modifiers are chemicals such as cross-linking agents and proppants used in oil and gas wells. Small particles include microparticles and nano-sized particles.

[0033] If the CFI function does not require access to the barrel bore or bottom, then the A simpler plug-type poppet, as described below, may be used.

[0034] The unique poppet valves shown in Figures 6a, 6b, 6c and 7 are housed within the crusher 40. Possible leakage of pressurized fluid 39 held in the barrel is prevented through the poppet outlet 36. This compact configuration is depicted in Figures 4 and 5. Backwards compatible with the main structural features of the crusher assembly. The valve core 40 is identical in both figures. The poppet valve itself consists of an annular stationary core 32, The core 3 consists of three main components: a free piston 33, and an adapter cylinder 34. 2 provides both a valve seat 41 and a guide cylinder for the piston 33. In one embodiment The piston 33 is made from a hard maraging steel alloy, and the core 32 is made from a softer steel alloy. This allows the closing action of the piston 33 to deform surface imperfections. A solid plug 35 is screwed onto the rear of the core 30. This allows for manual insertion and removal of the piston 33. The geometry of the core 32 forms a detent for the cylindrical chamber 43 that accommodates the valve 33. It contains four large inclined holes 31 arranged perpendicular to each other, terminating at the junction of the seat 41. To close the poppet, pressurized air matching the fluid in the crusher 39 is pumped through four phases. into a cylindrical poppet core chamber 43 via mutually perpendicular access ports 37 and 38 As depicted in Figures 6b and 6c, gas acting on the circular end 42 The pressure displaces the piston 33 to the left, holding it firmly against the valve seat 41. This prevents the escape of pressurized fluid within the crusher 39. To open the valve, the poppet piston vents the gas trapped behind port 43 to ambient pressure. The pressurized fluid in the crusher acting on the front of the piston through 1 is The piston is displaced to the right, thereby opening the port 30 and throat 36 shown in FIG. allowing fluid to escape through

[0035] An alternative embodiment of this poppet configuration with reduced parts count is shown in Figure 7. The flange 34 is assembled with the core 32 as shown in Figures 6a, 6b and 6c. The assembly is split into one piece 45, thereby simplifying the overall construction and eliminating the need for an intermediate O-ring seal. Upon sudden release of pressurized fluid 39, floating piston 44 achieves a large momentum, If left unchecked, this can result in damage to the valve itself and / or the poppet assembly. The annular adapter flange 34 is in forward contact with the floating piston assembly 44. It acts as a stop and provides enough surface area to dissipate the impact without damage.

[0036] A piping diagram of the PLC controlled automated foam generation and delivery system is shown in Figure 8. The device 55 is attached to the crusher 59 via a high pressure gas line and associated valves 51-58. The foam generator consists of two main components: a liquid phase that is greater than 95% water, and a desired The liquid phase is mixed with a gas phase, which is ordinary air compressed to the desired bubble pressure. It may contain gel and thickeners, and surfactants that make up less than 2 percent of the liquid phase. By hydraulically displacing the piston core, the foam generating device is a static in-line mixer. Both components are mixed through 61. A standard check valve 56 controls the direction of flow. The pressurized gas inlet ports 46 and 49 are fed by any conventional compressor or intensifier system. The gel liquid flow-through port 48 is pumped by a conventional high pressure liquid pump through a valve 52. Depending on the operator's selection, the system may deliver foam, thick foam, and / or water, automatically sequencing the delivery of three different load types The PLC controls the state of the supply valves 51 to 54 and 58, as well as the state of the foam generator. 55. The system also allows the operator to selectively depressurize the crusher valve. The bottom of the hole is at a low relative bubble pressure. Low viscosity water is injected through port 50 and through valves 54 and 58 with the intention of initiating a breakdown in the The material can be fed into the crusher barrel as needed.

[0037] PLC allows the operator to select the desired foam viscosity, injection pressure, and and the amount and type of foam loading. An additional foam charge can be delivered to the fracturing machine, which has the effect of increasing the injection pressure at the bottom of the hole. The operator may also choose to simply load the crusher with a charge of low viscosity water. , which is useful for breaking down tough, homogeneous, fine-grained and low-porosity rocks.

[0038] The two electronic sensors 112 and 110 in FIG. 10 measure the air pad pressure and the foam pad pressure. For safety reasons, the PLC monitors the or when detected by the operator. can be.

[0039] One embodiment of the delivery system also includes a high pressure gas line 49 and an air cylinder 40 of the foam generator. 8, a high pressure regulator 60 is included. The quality of the foam in the CFI crusher is determined by the pressure regulator. By varying the pressure in the gas cylinder 48 through 60, the quality ( This regulator can be controlled by the air pad section of the crusher 59. 78 pressure, resulting in a lower effective pressure in the gas cylinder. The foam is delivered to the water / foam cylinder of the foam generator 55. When this foam is delivered to the crusher When the pressure is increased, it is compressed to the air pad pressure in chamber 78. This compression then This reduces the gas quality of the foam delivered to the crusher. The use of lower quality foam results in less wind blast and flying stones.

[0040] The automatic foam generation and delivery system in Figure 8 is based on a built-in diesel / hydraulic or electric / hydraulic powertrain. It can be mounted directly to a rock or concrete breaker that utilizes a power source. The automatic foam generation and delivery system incorporates the necessary power source and is ideal for rock or concrete Attached to or towed at the rear of the crushing unit, high-pressure flexible piping and hoses It can be mounted on a separate "power pack" aircraft, which is connected using

[0041] FIG. 9 shows a detailed cross-sectional side view of the compact high-pressure bubble generating device. As described in detail in the '271 patent, the foam generating device contains an internal piston core. The cross-link piston 63 and the cylinder assembly are coaxial with each other. The assembly 67 is housed internally, thereby reducing the footprint of the foam generating device and reducing the risk of mechanical failure. In addition, recessed holes at both ends of the foam generator provide an additional safety margin in case of An integrated electronic position sensor 74 provides piston core position feedback to the PLC. The PLC controls both the direction of movement and the start and stop timing of the piston core.

[0042] A tubular rod 63 of small static diameter acts as a piston within a cylindrical cavity 67 and supports the bearing. The micro-measuring cylinder 67 is used to inject the bridge liquid 47. The piston core is inserted into the piston and acts like a syringe, displacing the fluid in proportion to the leftward displacement of the piston core. chemical solution is delivered.

[0043] The use of organic polymers was found to suffer from significant viscosity loss at high shear rates. Therefore, other additives were investigated with the aim of increasing foam viscosity. Several insoluble particles of this type have been studied. The effect of such particles is The purpose of this is to prevent the escape of chemicals through cracks. It was found that partial closure of the fractures reduces the dissipation of bubble pressure. The addition of clays such as montmorillonite accelerates the grinding process, resulting in a more uniform and thorough grinding. The use of flat, thin-layered geometries has proven to be very effective. It acts to improve grain interlocking, thereby making it more effective at sealing developing cracks. Other equivalent clays or insoluble minerals may be used.

[0044] Figure 10 is a schematic representation of the control system, including the PLC 100 and its main sensors. a foam pad pressure sensor 110, an air pad pressure sensor 112, and a hydraulic pressure sensor 114; Foam generator left position sensor 116 and right position sensor 118 are shown.

[0045] The operator control panel 120 includes controls for sand sealing 122, stopping 124, crushing seal 126, and adjusting pressure 128. 28, having button switches for water loading 132, crosslinking agent loading 134 and foam loading 136. do.

[0046] The seal button 122 initiates the sand seal delivery and installation cycle. The fire switch 140 Sequence control of sudden discharge of the crusher to release the foam charge into the material to be crushed. The crusher flush switch 142 opens the water and pressurized air for removing crushed sand seal. Two important electrohydraulic valves are used to extend and retract the crushing pipe to crush and compact the sand seal. a contraction valve 150 and a foam generator for displacing the foam generator piston core to either side; The device is a gel / water stroke valve 152.

[0047] PLC output 161 turns on sand metering roller motor 162 and switch 164 regulates Operates air valve 166 which pressurizes the sand delivery system according to the setting by pump 168.

[0048] Barrel water valve 170 controls the pre-loading of the barrel with low viscosity fluid. Valve 172 controls the foam Opening and closing the supply of foam modifying material to the generator. The foam modifying material may be one or more chemicals, For example, it may be a cross-linking chemical, or a small particle that is a feed or small charge propellant. stomach.

[0049] A gel close valve 174 controls the flow of gel to the foam generator. Air and water open valves 176. 178 controls the high pressure air and water to the foam generator.

[0050] Fire valve 180 allows sudden release of poppet back pressure to release the foam charge in the crusher To do so.

[0051] Although the present invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments and may be modified in any way without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Variations and modifications of the present invention may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. stomach. [Explanation of symbols]

[0052] 2 crusher barrels 3 Crushing tube 13 Grinding piston assembly, grinding tube piston 6 Oval opening, crushing tube opening, crushing access tube hole, crushing tube access hole 5 Nosecone 7 Washing port, nose cone access port 9. Sand Port 4 Sand grooves, barrel grooves, channels, 21 Lid 22 Sand Hopper 26 Sand Delivery Port 20, 28 inlet ports 8-hole nose cone access port 18 Sealing cavity, sand sealing 24 Measuring equipment, roller 27 Roller motor 23, 25 funnel 26 Compressed air, outlet port, sand line 19 Perforation walls, perforations, annular sealed cavities 14 Grinding tube cylinder 17 Host rock 1 Expanded end 10, 11 Engagement groove 16 Center plate 14 Hydraulic Cylinder 15 Barrel flange 81 Injection tube 82 injection cavity, chemical chamber 83 Injection Cylinder 84 Bubble Piston 86 High-pressure sealing 39 High-pressure bubbles, fluids 78 High-pressure air pad, crusher air pad compartment, air pad section, chamber 92 Throat 55 Foam generator 87 Fixed tube 59 Crusher 87 tube 88 Rear crusher plug 40 Main foam cylinder, crusher 75 Internal poppet cylinder 76 Annular poppet piston 77 Poppet Core 89 Access Port 80 Air Cavity 90 Access Port 36 Poppet outlet, throat 32 Stationary Core 33 Free Piston 34 Adapter cylinder, adapter flange 41 Valve seat 35 plug 43 Chamber, poppet piston 37, 38 Access ports 42 End 31 ports 30 ports 44 Floating piston, piston assembly 51~58 valves 59 Crusher 56 Check valve 46, 49 Gas inlet ports 48 Gel liquid through-flow port, air cylinder 112, 110 Electronic sensors 49 High-pressure gas line 60 High pressure regulator, pressure regulator 63 Cross-link piston and rod 67 Cylinder assembly, hollow, micro-measurement cylinder 74 Electronic Position Sensor 47 Crosslinking Agent 64 Gel Piston 100 PLC 110 Foam pad pressure sensor 112 Air pad pressure sensor 114 Hydraulic pressure sensor 116 Foam generator left position sensor 118 Foam generator right position sensor 120 Control Panel 122 Sand seals, sealing buttons 124 Stop 126 Sealing Crushing 128 Pressure Adjustment 132 Water loading 134 Crosslinker Loading 136 Foam loading 140 Fire Switch 142 Crusher sink switch 150 Grinding pipe extension / contraction valve 152 Foam Generator Gel / Water Stroke Valve 161 PLC output 162 Sand measuring roller motor 164 Switch 166 Air valve 168 Regulator 170 barrel water valve 172 Valve 174 Gel Closed Valve 176 Air Opening Valve 178 Water Opening Valve 180 Fire valve

Claims

1. 1. An apparatus comprising: A rock or concrete crusher, the rock or concrete crusher comprising: a barrel having a proximal end and a distal end; a distal end of the barrel extending radially from the distal end of the barrel and positioned within the bore to press against the inner wall of the bore; a conical end enlargement configured for The proximal end of the conical end expansion captures particulate sealing material and deposits it on the inner wall of the borehole. a conical end enlargement configured as a pressing cone; a grinding tube having a proximal end and a distal end and mounted concentrically outside the barrel, Between the barrel and the inner wall of the bore, between the distal end of the grinding tube and the end expansion the distal end of the grinding tube to compress particulate sealing material into the annular sealing cavity formed therebetween. a distal end variably spaced from the end upset on the distal end of the barrel, a grinding tube configured to slide back and forth on said barrel; a groove extending longitudinally along the exterior surface of the barrel, the groove having a distal end and a proximal end; The grooves and a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end configured to hold the proximal end of the barrel; , nose cone, receiving the proximal end of the grinding tube and fixing the proximal end; with an internal piston configured to drive the surface back and forth between an extended position and a retracted position. a cylinder mounted within the nose cone; a first inlet and a second inlet of the nosecone, the first inlet being configured to connect with the proximal end of the groove when in the retracted position, A mouth is located on the nosecone and the grinding tube is in an at least partially extended position. first and second inlets configured to connect with the groove when a particulate encapsulant and delivery fluid selectively connected and disconnected to the first inlet; The particulate encapsulant material is delivered by the delivery fluid to the first inlet and to the first A fluid passes through the inlet, through the groove, and out of the groove, forming a fluid between the barrel and the inner wall of the bore. The annular sealing cavity is configured to supply the annular sealing cavity with the a conical end portion of the grinding tube that is longitudinally bounded by the distal end of the grinding tube and the conical end portion; The particulate material is held in contact with the distal end of the grinding tube and the conical end enlargement. The crushing tube is reciprocated toward and away from the conical end enlargement, and the particle seal is a grinding tube connected to the proximal end thereof and adapted to compress the grinding material radially outward; The piston is confined in the annular sealing cavity, thereby achieving high pulverization. forming a tight annular seal of the cooled and hardened particulate sealing material within said annular cavity. a blocking material and a delivery fluid; a second inlet selectively connected and disconnected to the barrel for irrigation; and during at least a portion of the movement of the grinding tube, the cleaning fluid is passed through the second inlet and the groove. A fluid is delivered to the inner wall of the bore, the barrel, the distal end of the grinding tube, and the a cleaning fluid configured to clean the annular sealing cavity between the conical end enlargement; 、 The apparatus further comprises:

2. The particulate sealing material is in a hopper that holds the particulate material, and the delivery fluid is a measuring chamber connected to the hopper; a first conduit connected to the 2. The method of claim 1, wherein an outlet of a measurement chamber is connected to the first inlet of the nose cone. The device.

3. a metering roller in the metering chamber, and a particulate sealant material or a particulate sealant to direct a delivery fluid through the conduit, the first inlet and the groove without the material. a delivery fluid inlet connected to the delivery fluid and the measurement chamber, 3. The apparatus of claim 2.

4. The device of claim 2 , wherein the delivery fluid is compressed air.

5. The cleaning fluid further comprises compressed air and water, and further comprises a second conduit, the second inlet The compressed air and water are passed through the opening and the groove of the barrel as cleaning fluids to the annular seal. the compressed air and water and the second nozzle of the nose cone for delivery to the nozzle cavity. The apparatus of claim 1 , comprising a conduit connected to the inlet.

6. 10. The device of claim 1, wherein the particulate sealing material is sand and the delivery fluid is compressed air. Place.

7. a foam cylinder having a first foam chamber and a second drive chamber; a piston separating the first bubble chamber and the second drive chamber, a piston having a first chamber connected to the barrel; and a nozzle connected to the first chamber and adapted to fill the first chamber with foam; A foam generating device; adapted to drive the piston toward the barrel and compress the first chamber. a pressure conduit connected to the second chamber; a small bubble property modifying substance injection connected to the piston and extending into the second chamber; A cylinder; a small injection tube mounted within the injection cylinder, which acts as an injection piston; , the injection tube having first and second ends; The first end of the injection tube is connected to a poppet valve having a connection to the barrel. And, The second end of the injection tube is mounted in the injection cylinder, and the piston and as the injection cylinder is moved toward the first end of the foam cylinder, a poppet valve for providing the foam property modifying substance under pressure from the injection cylinder through the poppet valve; an injection tube adapted for The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:

8. The poppet valve includes an annular poppet cylinder and an annular poppet within the poppet cylinder. a piston and a poppet core having a through hole connected to the barrel, The poppet piston is held closed by pressurized air, and the poppet valve When the air pressure holding the poppet closed is released by an external valve, the annular poppet The foam cylinder opens to allow the poppet valve and the valve to flow from the first end of the foam cylinder. and adapted to deliver foam to said barrel through said second drive channel. Movement of the foam property modifying substance cylinder within the chamber increases the pressure within the small injection tube. The check valve is opened to allow the foam property modifying substance under pressure to flow into the through-hole of the poppet core. The device of claim 7 .

9. The poppet valve directs the foam under pressure from the injection cylinder through the barrel. and configured for delivery into the perforation, The poppet valve is an annular poppet cylinder; an annular poppet piston within the poppet cylinder; a poppet core located inside the annular poppet piston; an open throat in the poppet core; The annular poppet piston closes the foam cylinder and the poppet core. an access port configured to prevent communication between the open throat and the access port; The apparatus of claim 7 further comprising:

10. an annular fluid chamber, the annular poppet piston being adapted to have pressure applied to it by an external valve; 10. The device of claim 9, which remains closed until lowered.

11. A hole drilled into rock or concrete to break it up. providing a barrel having a conical end enlargement configured for insertion into the bore; providing a grinding tube that can slide on the barrel, the grinding tube being providing a comminution tube having a distal end spaced from said conical end upset; providing a longitudinal groove along an outer surface of the barrel; Hold the barrel and slide the proximal end of the grinding tube through a nosecone onto the barrel. Adapted to hold the cylinder against a center plate adapted to allow it to slide providing a nose cone; providing first and second passages in the nosecone; Pressurized sand and air are introduced into the first passage of the nose cone and into the barrel. a gap between the enlarged end and the distal end of the grinding tube through a groove along the outer surface of the and The first passage is closed, the grinding tube is advanced on the barrel, and the distal end of the grinding tube is moving the end toward the end enlargement; grinding the sand between the end enlargement and the distal end of the grinding tube, thereby forming a crushed sand seal between the barrel and an interior wall of the borehole; The sand is trapped in a sealed cavity by the end of the grinding tube and the conical end enlargement. forming a sand seal; feeding foam and cross-linking agent through the barrel hole into the bottom of the sealed bore; A method including:

12. Water and compressed air are introduced into the crushed sand seal through the second passage and the groove. introducing and eroding the sand seal to facilitate removal of the barrel from the borehole. The method of claim 11 further comprising:

13. The grinding tube may be reciprocated to further facilitate erosion and removal of the sand seal. The method of claim 12, comprising:

14. providing the pressurized sand and air; Providing a sand hopper; Supplying sand into the sand hopper; Providing a measuring roller below the sand hopper; Pressurized air is directed beneath the metering roller through the groove along the first path and the barrel. thereby keeping the first path and the groove free of debris, moisture, and sand. and The method of claim 11 further comprising:

15. Pressurized air is introduced into the sand hopper, the measuring roller is rotated, and the sand and pressure Air is introduced from the sand hopper through the first passage and the groove to the end enlarged diameter portion and the front 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising pouring the mixture into an annular cavity between the distal end of the grinding tube and the grinding tube. How to do it.

16. providing a foam cylinder; supplying foam from the foam cylinder through a poppet valve to the barrel; The poppet valve includes an annular poppet chamber and an annular poppet within the annular poppet chamber. a piston and a piston having a throat adapted to connect to the bore of the barrel; providing a pet core; providing a passageway in the poppet valve from the foam cylinder to the throat; An annular air chamber is provided behind the annular poppet piston, and the air chamber is vented. closing the passage with the poppet piston under atmospheric pressure; An external valve is used to reduce the air pressure that holds the poppet closed, , thereby providing high pressure into the bore of the barrel and out through the distal end of the barrel. allowing injection of pressure bubbles; The method of claim 11 further comprising:

17. The foam property modifying substance cylinder is removed from the foam piston opposite the foam chamber of said foam piston. By extending into the air drive chamber at the side, the throat and the front of the barrel providing a foam property modifying material to the foam; From the poppet valve, through the foam chamber, through the foam piston, to a crosslinker cylinder extending a hollow foam property modifying material tube piston into the hollow foam property modifying material tube; Using the foam piston, transfer the foam property modifying material cylinder onto the hollow crosslinker piston. moving the hollow piston to increase the pressure on the cross-linking agent within the hollow piston; opening a one-way valve in the poppet valve with the increased crosslinker pressure; The foam characteristic modifying material is injected from the hollow foam characteristic modifying material piston into the poppet valve throat. Releasing the substance; 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:

18. The releasing of the foam property modifying agent may include releasing one or more foam cross-linking chemicals. The method of claim 17 further comprising:

19. Releasing the foam property modifying material may include releasing particles, microparticles, or nanoparticles. The method of claim 17 further comprising:

20. Releasing the foam property modifying agent causes a combination of foam cross-linking chemicals and microparticles to 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising discharging into a poppet valve throat.

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