Computer systems and methods

Abstract

This disclosure provides a computer system and method that can monitor communication load on a base station basis. [Solution] The method performed by the User Plane Function (UPF) according to this disclosure includes receiving a second session creation request message from the Session Management Function (SMF) requesting the establishment of a session between the SMF and the UPF, which includes base station identification information contained in a first session creation request message received by the SMF from the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), and monitoring the communication load based on the base station identification information.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to computer systems and methods.

Background Art

[0002] In 3GPP (Registered Trademark) (3rd Generation Partnership Project), the 5th generation mobile communication system (5G, New Radio (NR)) has been specified (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

[0003] In the 5G Core network (5GC), between the User Plane Function (UPF) that controls the U (User)-Plane and the Session Management Function (SMF) that performs session management and path control for the UPF, they are connected by the Packet Forwarding Control Protocol (PFCP).

[0004] And in Non-Patent Document 2, a procedure for the UPF to report to the SMF when the UPF detects a trigger to be reported is defined.

Prior Art Documents

Non-Patent Documents

[0005]

Non-Patent Document 1

Non-Patent Document 2

[0006] The inventors focused on the fact that SMF and UPF are unable to obtain base station identification information. For example, Non-Patent Document 2 specifies registration procedures and PDU session establishment procedures, but in these procedures, SMF and UPF are unable to obtain base station identification information. Therefore, UPF may not be able to monitor communication load on a per-base station basis.

[0007] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a computer system and method capable of monitoring communication load on a base station basis. It should be noted that this purpose is only one of several purposes that the various embodiments disclosed herein seek to achieve. Other purposes or problems and novel features will be revealed in the description herein or in the accompanying drawings. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The computer system relating to this disclosure comprises at least one memory and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured to provide a User Plane Function (UPF), wherein the at least one processor receives a second session creation request message from the Session Management Function (SMF) requesting the establishment of a session between the SMF and the UPF, which includes base station identification information contained in a first session creation request message received by the Session Management Function (SMF) from the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), and monitors the communication load based on the base station identification information.

[0009] The computer system relating to this disclosure comprises at least one memory and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured to provide an SMF (Session Management Function), wherein the at least one processor receives a first session creation request message containing base station identification information from an AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function) and sends a second session creation request message containing base station identification information to a UPF (User Plane Function).

[0010] The method relating to this disclosure is a method performed by a User Plane Function (UPF), which includes receiving a second session creation request message from a Session Management Function (SMF) requesting the establishment of a session between the SMF and the UPF, including base station identification information contained in a first session creation request message received by the SMF from an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), and monitoring the communication load based on the base station identification information. [Effects of the Invention]

[0011] This disclosure provides a computer system and method that can monitor communication load on a base station basis. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0012] [Figure 1] Block diagram showing an example of a communication system in this disclosure. [Figure 2] This is a sequence diagram showing an example of the processing operation of the communication system disclosed herein. [Figure 3] This figure illustrates another example of the processing operation of the communication system disclosed herein. [Figure 4] This figure illustrates another example of the processing operation of the communication system disclosed herein. [Figure 5] This figure illustrates another example of the processing operation of the communication system disclosed herein. [Figure 6] A view diagram showing another example of a communication system in this disclosure. [Figure 7] This figure illustrates another example of the processing operation of the communication system disclosed herein. [Figure 8] This figure illustrates another example of the processing operation of the communication system disclosed herein. [Figure 9] This is a diagram illustrating an example of a computer system configuration. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0013] The embodiments will be described below with reference to the drawings. In this disclosure, the drawings may be associated with one or more embodiments. Also, each element in the drawings may correspond to one or more embodiments. Furthermore, in the embodiments, the same or equivalent elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant descriptions are omitted.

[0014] <First Embodiment> <Overview of the communication system> FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of the communication system of the present disclosure. In FIG. 1, the communication system 1 includes an AN (Access Network) 10 and a core network 20. The core network 20 includes an AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function) 30, an SMF (Session Management Function) 40, and a UPF (User Plane Function) 50.

[0015] The AN 10 connects a terminal (for example, a User Equipment (UE)) not shown in the figure and the core network 20. The AN 10 includes a base station (for example, a gNB) and the like. The AMF 30 performs mobility management. The AMF 30 performs, for example, subscriber authentication and terminal location management.

[0016] The UPF 50 relays, for example, user data communication between a DN (Data Network) not shown in the figure and the terminal. The SMF 40 performs session management. The SMF 40 and the UPF 50 establish, for example, a session for the DN for each terminal.

[0017] <Operation Example of Communication System> FIG. 2 is a sequence diagram showing an example of the processing operation of the communication system of the present disclosure.

[0018] The AMF 30 transmits a session creation request message (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a first session creation request message) including the identification information of the base station to the SMF 40 (step S11). The AMF 30 transmits, for example, the first session creation request message to the SMF 40 in the PDU session establishment procedure defined in 4.3.2.2 of Non-Patent Document 2. That is, the first session creation request message may be an Nsmf_PDUSession_CreateSMContext Request. The identification information of the base station is, for example, a gNB ID.

[0019] SMF40 receives the first session creation request message and forms a session creation request message (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the second session creation request message) that includes the base station identification information contained in the first session creation request message. Then, SMF40 transmits the second session creation request message to UPF50 (step S12). SMF40 transmits the second session creation request message to UPF50 in the PDU session establishment procedure specified in, for example, 4.3.2.2 of Non-Patent Document 2. That is, the second session creation request message may be an N4 Session Establishment / Modification request.

[0020] The UPF50 receives a second session creation request message containing the base station's identification information. The UPF50 then monitors the communication load based on the base station's identification information. For example, the UPF50 calculates the throughput for each gNB ID based on the number of received packets and the number of bytes in each received packet.

[0021] Here, the first session creation request message and the second session creation request message may each include identification information of the terminal requesting session establishment. This allows AMF30, SMF40, and UPF50 to obtain information (e.g., a mapping table) that associates the base station identification information with the identification information of the terminal connected to the base station and information indicating the session of that terminal (i.e., session identification information).

[0022] As described above, according to the first embodiment, the UPF50 receives a second session creation request message containing base station identification information from the SMF40. This allows the UPF50 to monitor the communication load on a per-base station basis.

[0023] <Modified form of the first embodiment> Furthermore, the first session creation request message and the second session creation request message may each include information about the cell where the terminal requesting session establishment resides (for example, TAC (Tracking Area Code) information). In this case, UPF50 may monitor the communication load based on the cell information. This allows UPF50 to monitor the communication load on a cell-by-cell basis. In this case, AMF30, SMF40, and UPF50 can each obtain information (for example, a mapping table) that associates base station identification information with cell identification information, terminal identification information connected to the base station, terminal identification information connected to the cell, and information indicating the sessions of these terminals (i.e., session identification information).

[0024] Furthermore, while the above explanation described the function of monitoring communication load as a function of UPF50, it is not limited to this. For example, the function of monitoring communication load may be provided as part of the DPI (Deep Packet Inspection) and statistical information collection functions, which are provided as functions independent of UPF50 in a computer system that implements UPF50.

[0025] <Second Embodiment> The configuration of the communication system in the second embodiment is the same as that of the communication system in the first embodiment, so please refer to Figure 1.

[0026] Figure 3 illustrates another example of the processing operation of the communication system of this disclosure.

[0027] UPF50 monitors the communication load on a base station basis and detects base station congestion (step S21). For example, UPF50 calculates the throughput for each base station, and if the throughput is below a threshold, it determines that the base station corresponding to that throughput is congested. Hereafter, a base station determined to be congested may be referred to as a congested base station. Specifically, UPF50 calculates the throughput for each base station ID, and if the throughput is below a threshold, it determines that base station 10 with the base station ID corresponding to that throughput is congested.

[0028] UPF50 sends a report message to SMF40 reporting base station congestion (step S22). This report message includes identification information of the congested base station. Furthermore, this report message may include information indicating congestion (e.g., congestion flag). A Session Report (GPQR) as defined in Non-Patent Document 1 may be used as this report message. Although not shown in Figure 3, SMF40 may send a response to the Session Report (GPQR) to UPF50.

[0029] SMF40 sends an update message to AMF30 containing the identification information of the congested base station (step S23). This message may also contain information indicating congestion (e.g., a congestion flag). This message may be called Nsmf_UpdateSMContex Request. Although not shown in Figure 3, AMF30 may send a response to Nsmf_UpdateSMContex Request to SMF40.

[0030] The AMF30 sends an update message containing the identification information of the congested base station to the base station 10, which is the congested base station (step S24). This message may include information indicating congestion (e.g., a congestion flag). This message may be called an AMF CONFIGURATION UPDATE Request.

[0031] Base station 10 receives an update message from AMF 30 containing the identification information of a congested base station. Since the identification information of the congested base station matches the identification information of base station 10, base station 10 can know that congestion at base station 10 has been detected by UPF 50. Then, triggered by receiving an update message containing the identification information of base station 10 as the identification information of a congested base station, base station 10 adjusts its radio resources (step S25). For example, adjusting radio resources may involve reducing the resources allocated to communication for sessions corresponding to terminals connected to base station 10 (for example, by reducing the number of resource elements defined by frequency and time).

[0032] Base station 10 sends a message to AMF 30 containing identification information for base station 10, which is a congested base station, and instructions for bandwidth limiting (step S26). This message may be called the AMF CONFIGURATION UPDATE Response.

[0033] AMF30 sends a message to SMF40 that includes the identification information of the congested base station and the instruction to limit bandwidth, which are included in the message sent from base station 10 (step S27). That is, the identification information of the congested base station included in this message is the identification information of the base station that is subject to bandwidth limiting. This message may be, for example, an Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Request as defined in 4.3.2.2 of Non-Patent Document 2.

[0034] SMF40 sends a message to UPF50 that includes the identification information of the congested base station and the bandwidth limiting instruction contained in the message sent from AMF30 (step S28). This message may be, for example, an N4 Session Modification request as defined in 4.3.2.2 of Non-Patent Document 2. Although not shown in Figure 3, SMF40 may also send a response to the Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Request to AMF30.

[0035] UPF50 limits the bandwidth of data communications corresponding to sessions associated with congested base station identification information contained in messages sent from SMF40. For example, UPF50 identifies session identification information associated with congested base station identification information in the mapping table described above. Then, UPF50 limits the bandwidth of data communications corresponding to the identified session identification information. For example, UPF50 limits bandwidth by reducing the resources allocated to data communications corresponding to the identified session identification information.

[0036] <Modified form of the second embodiment> UPF50 may monitor communication load on a cell-by-cell basis and detect cell congestion (step S21). For example, UPF50 calculates throughput for each cell and determines that the cell corresponding to that throughput is congested if the throughput is below a threshold. Hereafter, a cell determined to be congested may be referred to as a congested cell. The base station corresponding to a congested cell may be referred to as a congested base station. Specifically, UPF50 calculates throughput for each cell identification information (e.g., TAC) and determines that the cell corresponding to the throughput is congested if the throughput is below a threshold.

[0037] UPF50 sends a report message to SMF40 reporting base station congestion (cell congestion) (step S22). This report message includes identification information for the congested cell and identification information for the congested base station. Furthermore, this report message may include information indicating congestion (e.g., congestion flag). A Session Report (GPQR) as defined in Non-Patent Document 1 may be used as this report message. Although not shown in Figure 3, SMF40 may send a response to the Session Report (GPQR) to UPF50.

[0038] SMF40 sends an update message to AMF30 containing the identification information of the congested cell and the identification information of the congested base station (step S23). This message may also contain information indicating congestion (e.g., a congestion flag). This message may be called Nsmf_UpdateSMContex Request. Although not shown in Figure 3, AMF30 may send a response to the Nsmf_UpdateSMContex Request to SMF40.

[0039] The AMF30 sends an update message to the base station 10, which is the congested base station, containing the identification information of the congested cell and the identification information of the congested base station (step S24). This message may also contain information indicating congestion (e.g., a congestion flag). This message may be called an AMF CONFIGURATION UPDATE Request.

[0040] Base station 10 receives an update message from AMF 30 that includes the identification information of the congested cell and the identification information of the congested base station. Since the identification information of the congested base station matches the identification information of base station 10, base station 10 can know that the UPF 50 has detected congestion in the cell of base station 10 corresponding to the identification information of the congested cell. Then, triggered by receiving the update message that includes the identification information of the congested cell and the identification information of base station 10 as the identification information of the congested base station, base station 10 adjusts its radio resources (step S25). For example, adjusting radio resources may involve reducing the resources allocated to communication of sessions corresponding to terminals present in the congested cell (for example, reducing the number of resource elements defined by frequency and time).

[0041] Base station 10 sends a message to AMF 30 that includes identification information for the congested cell, identification information for base station 10 which is the congested base station, and instructions for bandwidth limiting (step S26). This message may be called the AMF CONFIGURATION UPDATE Response.

[0042] AMF30 sends a message to SMF40 that includes the identification information of the congested cell, the identification information of the congested base station, and a bandwidth limiting instruction, all of which are included in the message transmitted from base station 10 (step S27). That is, the identification information of the congested cell included in this message is the identification information of the cell that is subject to bandwidth limiting. This message may be, for example, an Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Request as defined in 4.3.2.2 of Non-Patent Document 2.

[0043] SMF40 sends a message to UPF50 that includes the identification information of the congested cell, the identification information of the congested base station, and the bandwidth limiting instruction contained in the message sent from AMF30 (step S28). This message may be, for example, an N4 Session Modification request as defined in 4.3.2.2 of Non-Patent Document 2. Although not shown in Figure 3, SMF40 may also send a response to the Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Request to AMF30.

[0044] UPF50 limits the bandwidth of data communications corresponding to sessions associated with the congested cell identification information contained in messages sent from SMF40. For example, UPF50 identifies the session identification information associated with the congested cell identification information in the mapping table mentioned above. Then, UPF50 limits the bandwidth of data communications corresponding to the identified session identification information. For example, UPF50 limits bandwidth by reducing the resources allocated to data communications corresponding to the identified session identification information.

[0045] <Third Embodiment> The configuration of the communication system in the third embodiment is the same as that of the communication system in the first embodiment, so please refer to Figure 1.

[0046] Figure 4 illustrates another example of the processing operation of the communication system of this disclosure.

[0047] UPF50 monitors the communication load on a per-terminal basis and detects terminal congestion (step S31). For example, UPF50 calculates the throughput for each terminal, and if the throughput is below a threshold, it determines that the terminal corresponding to that throughput is congested. Hereafter, terminals determined to be congested may be referred to as congested terminals. Specifically, UPF50 calculates the throughput for each terminal ID, and if the throughput is below a threshold, it determines that the terminal with the terminal ID corresponding to that throughput is congested. Here, it is assumed that the first session creation request message and the second session creation request message each contain identification information of the terminal requesting session establishment.

[0048] UPF50 sends a report message to SMF40 reporting terminal congestion (step S32). This report message includes identification information for the session corresponding to the congested terminal (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the "target session") and identification information for the base station to which the congested terminal is connected. For example, UPF50 identifies the session identification information and base station identification information associated with the congested terminal identification information in the mapping table described above. Then, UPF50 sends a report message to SMF40 containing the identified session identification information and base station identification information. This report message may also include information indicating congestion (e.g., a congestion flag). A Session Report (GPQR) as defined in Non-Patent Document 1 may be used as this report message. Although not shown in Figure 4, SMF40 may also send a response to the Session Report (GPQR) to UPF50.

[0049] SMF40 sends an update message to AMF30 that includes the identification information of the target session and the identification information of the base station to which the congested terminal is connected (step S33). This report message may include information indicating congestion (e.g., a congestion flag). This message may be called Nsmf_UpdateSMContex Request. Although not shown in Figure 4, AMF30 may send a response to Nsmf_UpdateSMContex Request to SMF40.

[0050] The AMF30 sends an update message to base station 10, which is the base station to which the congested terminal is connected, containing the identification information of the target session and the identification information of the base station to which the congested terminal is connected (step S34). This report message may also contain information indicating congestion (e.g., a congestion flag). This message may be called an AMF CONFIGURATION UPDATE Request.

[0051] Base station 10 receives an update message from AMF 30 that includes the identification information of the target session and the identification information of the base station to which the congested terminal is connected. Since the identification information of the base station to which the congested terminal is connected matches the identification information of base station 10, base station 10 can know that the update message is a message addressed to base station 10. Base station 10 performs bandwidth limiting processing for the congested terminal (step S35). For example, base station 10 performs bandwidth limiting processing for the congested terminal by reducing the resources allocated to the communication of the target session.

[0052] The base station 10 sends a message to the AMF 30 containing the identification information of the target session and instructions for bandwidth limiting (step S36). This message may be called the AMF CONFIGURATION UPDATE Response.

[0053] AMF30 sends a message to SMF40 that includes the identification information of the target session and the bandwidth limiting instruction contained in the message sent from base station 10 (step S37). That is, the identification information of the target session included in this message is the identification information of the session subject to bandwidth limiting. This message may be, for example, an Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Request as defined in 4.3.2.2 of Non-Patent Document 2.

[0054] SMF40 sends a message to UPF50 that includes the identification information of the target session and the bandwidth limiting instructions contained in the message sent from AMF30 (step S38). This message may be, for example, an N4 Session Modification request as defined in 4.3.2.2 of Non-Patent Document 2. Although not shown in Figure 4, SMF40 may also send a response to the Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Request to AMF30.

[0055] UPF50 limits the bandwidth of data communication corresponding to the session indicated by the identification information of the target session contained in the message sent from SMF40 (step S39). For example, UPF50 limits bandwidth by reducing the resources allocated to data communication corresponding to the corresponding session.

[0056] <Modified form of the third embodiment> In the bandwidth limiting process in step S35, the base station 10 may decide whether to apply the bandwidth limiting process to the congested terminal or to all terminals connected to the base station 10, including the congested terminal.

[0057] If base station 10 decides to subject all terminals connected to base station 10, including congested terminals, to bandwidth limiting processing, base station 10 sends a message to AMF 30 containing session identification information corresponding to each terminal connected to base station 10 and instructions for bandwidth limiting (step S36).

[0058] AMF30 sends a message to SMF40 that includes the session identification information and bandwidth limiting instructions contained in the message transmitted from base station 10 (step S37). In other words, the session identification information included in this message is the identification information of the session that is subject to bandwidth limiting.

[0059] SMF40 sends a message to UPF50 that includes the session identification information and bandwidth limiting instructions contained in the message sent from AMF30 (step S38).

[0060] The UPF50 limits the bandwidth of the data communication corresponding to the session indicated by the session identification information contained in the message sent from the SMF40 (step S39). For example, the UPF50 limits the bandwidth by reducing the resources allocated to the data communication corresponding to the session.

[0061] <Fourth Embodiment> The configuration of the communication system in the fourth embodiment is the same as that of the communication system in the first embodiment, so please refer to Figure 1.

[0062] Figure 5 illustrates another example of the processing operation of the communication system of this disclosure. Steps S41-S44 in Figure 5 are the same as steps S31-S34 in Figure 4, so their explanation is omitted.

[0063] Base station 10 receives an update message from AMF 30 that includes the identification information of the target session and the identification information of the base station to which the congested terminal is connected. Since the identification information of the base station to which the congested terminal is connected matches the identification information of base station 10, base station 10 can know that the update message is a message addressed to base station 10. Base station 10 performs a handover process for the congested terminal (step S45). This handover process is performed, for example, according to the procedure specified in Chapter 4.9 of Non-Patent Document 2.

[0064] Base station 10 sends a message to AMF 30 containing the identification information of the session of the terminal to be handed over (i.e., the target session) and the identification information of the base station to which the handover is to be performed (step S46). This message may be called an AMF CONFIGURATION UPDATE Response. Alternatively, this message may be an N2 Path Switch Request as defined in Chapter 4.9 of Non-Patent Literature 2. This N2 Path Switch Request is sent to the AMF from the handover destination base station, not from the handover source base station (base station 10 in this case).

[0065] AMF30 sends a message to SMF40 that includes the identification information of the target session and the identification information of the handover destination base station, which are included in the message sent from base station 10 (step S47). This message may be, for example, an Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Request as defined in 4.3.2.2 of Non-Patent Literature 2.

[0066] SMF40 sends a message to UPF50 that includes the identification information of the target session and the identification information of the handover base station, which are included in the message sent from AMF30 (step S48). This message may be, for example, an N4 Session Modification request as defined in 4.3.2.2 of Non-Patent Document 2. Although not shown in Figure 5, SMF40 may also send a response to the Nsmf_PDUSession_UpdateSMContext Request to AMF30.

[0067] UPF50 updates the session information of the target session based on the identification information of the handover destination base station contained in the message sent from SMF40 (step S49). This process of updating the session information may include the mapping table update process described above.

[0068] In the above explanation, it was assumed that the identification information of the handover destination base station is included in the message in steps S46-S48, but this is not limited to this. For example, instead of the identification information of the handover destination base station, the identification information of the handover destination cell may be included in the message.

[0069] <Fifth Embodiment> <Overview of the communication system> Figure 6 is a block diagram showing another example of the communication system of this disclosure. In Figure 6, the communication system 2 includes AN10, core network 20, TMS (Traffic Management System) 60, and DN (Data Network) 70. TMS60 and DN70 are connected to the core network 20 (particularly UPF50), respectively. TMS60 performs analysis, control, optimization, etc., of communication traffic.

[0070] <Example of communication system operation> Figure 7 illustrates another example of the processing operation of the communication system of this disclosure.

[0071] The UPF50 monitors the communication load on a base station basis and detects base station congestion, similar to step S21 above (step S51).

[0072] UPF50 sends a report message to SMF40 reporting base station congestion, similar to step S22 above (step S52).

[0073] SMF40 sends a message to UPF50 containing the identification information of the congested base station and a forwarding instruction (step S53). The forwarding instruction indicates forwarding to TMS60 (i.e., the traffic management device). In other words, the combination of the identification information of the congested base station and the forwarding instruction indicates the forwarding to TMS60 of the target data packet being transmitted by the target session corresponding to the terminal connected to the congested base station. This message may be, for example, an N4 Session Modification request as defined in 4.3.2.2 of Non-Patent Document 2.

[0074] UPF50 receives a message from SMF40 containing the identification information of a congested base station and a forwarding instruction. Then, if UPF50 receives a data packet corresponding to a session associated with the identification information of the congested base station, it forwards that data packet to TMS60 (step S54). For example, UPF50 identifies the identification information of a session associated with the identification information of a congested base station in the mapping table. Then, if UPF50 receives a data packet corresponding to the identification information of the identified session, it forwards that data packet to TMS60. Note that UPF50 forwards data packets corresponding to sessions associated with the identification information of base stations other than congested base stations to DN70 without going through TMS60.

[0075] <Modified form of the fifth embodiment> The UPF50 may monitor the communication load on a cell-by-cell basis and detect cell congestion (step S51).

[0076] UPF50 sends a reporting message to SMF40 reporting cell congestion (step S52).

[0077] SMF40 sends a message to UPF50 containing the identification information of the congested cell and a forwarding instruction (step S53). The forwarding instruction indicates forwarding to TMS60 (i.e., the traffic management device). In other words, the combination of the identification information of the congested cell and the forwarding instruction indicates the forwarding to TMS60 of the target data packets being transmitted by the target session corresponding to the terminal connected to the congested cell. This message may be, for example, an N4 Session Modification request as defined in 4.3.2.2 of Non-Patent Document 2.

[0078] UPF50 receives a message from SMF40 containing the identification information of a congested cell and a forwarding instruction. Then, when UPF50 receives a data packet corresponding to a session associated with the identification information of the congested cell, it forwards that data packet to TMS60 (step S54). For example, UPF50 identifies the identification information of a session associated with the identification information of a congested cell in the mapping table. Then, when UPF50 receives a data packet corresponding to the identification information of the identified session, it forwards that data packet to TMS60. Note that UPF50 forwards data packets corresponding to sessions associated with the identification information of cells other than congested cells to DN70 without going through TMS60.

[0079] <Sixth Embodiment> The configuration of the communication system in the sixth embodiment is the same as that of the communication system in the fifth embodiment, so please refer to Figure 6.

[0080] Figure 8 illustrates another example of the processing operation of the communication system of this disclosure.

[0081] The UPF50 monitors the communication load on a per-terminal basis and detects terminal congestion, similar to step S31 above (step S61).

[0082] UPF50 sends a reporting message to SMF40 reporting terminal congestion, similar to step S32 above (step S62).

[0083] SMF40 sends a message to UPF50 containing the identification information of the corresponding session for the congested terminal and a forwarding instruction (step S63). The forwarding instruction indicates forwarding to TMS60 (i.e., the traffic management device). In other words, the combination of the identification information of the corresponding session and the forwarding instruction indicates the forwarding of the target data packet being transmitted by the target session to TMS60. This message may be, for example, an N4 Session Modification request as defined in 4.3.2.2 of Non-Patent Document 2.

[0084] UPF50 receives a message from SMF40 containing the identification information of the corresponding session and a forwarding instruction. If UPF50 receives a data packet corresponding to the corresponding session, it forwards that data packet to TMS60 (step S64). UPF50 forwards data packets corresponding to sessions other than the corresponding session to DN70 without going through TMS60.

[0085] <Other Embodiments> Figure 9 shows an example of a computer system configuration. Each of the AMF30, SMF40, and UPF50 may be implemented as one or more computer systems. The computer system includes one or more processors 1001, memory 1002, and mass storage 1003, which communicate with each other via a bus 1007. The one or more processors 1001 may include, for example, a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) or both. The computer system may also include other devices such as one or more output devices 1004, one or more input devices 1005, and one or more peripherals 1006. The one or more peripherals 1006 may include a modem or a network adapter, or any combination thereof.

[0086] One or both of the memory 1002 and the mass storage 1003 include a computer-readable medium storing one or more instruction sets. These instructions may be partially or completely located in the memory of one or more processors 1001. When executed in one or more processors 1001, these instructions cause one or more processors 1001 to provide the respective functions of AMF30, SMF40, and UPF50 described in the embodiments described above.

[0087] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various modifications to the structure and details of the present invention can be made within the scope of the invention as can be understood by those skilled in the art. Furthermore, each embodiment can be combined with other embodiments as appropriate.

[0088] Each drawing is merely illustrative to illustrate one or more embodiments. Each drawing may be associated with one or more other embodiments rather than with only one specific embodiment. As those skilled in the art will understand, various features or steps described with reference to any one drawing can be combined with features or steps shown in one or more other drawings, for example, to create embodiments not explicitly shown or described. Not all features or steps shown in any one drawing to illustrate an exemplary embodiment are necessarily required, and some features or steps may be omitted. The order of steps shown in any of the drawings may be changed as appropriate.

[0089] Some or all of the above embodiments may also be described as follows, but are not limited to the following: (Note 1) At least one memory, At least one processor coupled to the aforementioned at least one memory and configured to provide a UPF (User Plane Function), Equipped with, The aforementioned at least one processor is The Session Management Function (SMF) receives a second session creation request message from the UPF (Access and Mobility Management Function) requesting the establishment of a session between the SMF and the UPF, which includes the base station identification information contained in the first session creation request message received from the AMF. Based on the identification information of the aforementioned base station, the communication load is monitored. Computer system. (Note 2) If the at least one processor detects congestion at the base station by monitoring the communication load, it sends a report message to the SMF reporting the congestion at the base station. The computer system described in Appendix 1. (Note 3) The aforementioned at least one processor is The SMF receives a session modification message containing the identification information of the base station where congestion was detected and an instruction to limit bandwidth, as information about the base station to be limited. The bandwidth of data communications corresponding to the session associated with the identification information of the base station where the congestion was detected is limited. The computer system described in Appendix 2. (Note 4) The aforementioned first session creation request message further includes terminal identification information, The aforementioned at least one processor is The second session creation request message, which further includes terminal identification information, is received from the SMF. Based on the identification information of the aforementioned terminal, the communication load on a per-terminal basis is monitored. The computer system described in Appendix 1. (Note 5) If the at least one processor detects terminal congestion by monitoring the communication load on a terminal-by-terminal basis, it sends a report message to the SMF that reports information about the target session corresponding to the terminal where congestion was detected. The computer system described in Appendix 4. (Note 6) The aforementioned at least one processor is The SMF receives a session modification message containing identification information of the base station to which the terminal corresponding to the target session will switch connections. The session information of the target session is updated based on the identification information of the base station to which the connection is switched. The computer system described in Appendix 5. (Note 7) The aforementioned at least one processor is The SMF receives a session modification message containing information indicating the forwarding of target data packets transmitted by the target session corresponding to the terminal connected to the base station where the congestion was detected to the traffic management device. The aforementioned target data packets are forwarded to the traffic management device. The computer system described in Appendix 2. (Note 8) The aforementioned at least one processor is The SMF receives a session modification message containing information indicating the forwarding of target data packets transmitted by the target session corresponding to the terminal where congestion was detected to the traffic management device. The aforementioned target data packets are forwarded to the traffic management device. The computer system described in Appendix 5. (Note 9) The at least one processor provides, as a function independent of the UPF, the functions of DPI (Deep Packet Inspection) and statistical information collection. The computer system described in Appendix 1. (Note 10) Each of the first session creation request message and the second session creation request message further includes cell identification information, The at least one processor monitors the communication load based on the identification information of the cell. The computer system described in Appendix 1. (Note 11) If the at least one processor detects congestion in the cell by monitoring the communication load, it sends a report message to the SMF reporting the congestion in the cell. The computer system described in Appendix 10. (Note 12) The aforementioned at least one processor is The SMF receives a session modification message containing the identification information of the cell where congestion was detected and an instruction to limit bandwidth, as information about the cell to be limited. The bandwidth of data communication corresponding to the session associated with the identification information of the cell in which the congestion was detected is limited. The computer system described in Appendix 11. (Note 13) The aforementioned at least one processor is The SMF receives a session modification message containing information indicating the forwarding of target data packets transmitted by the target session corresponding to the terminal connected to the cell where congestion was detected to the traffic management device. The aforementioned target data packets are forwarded to the traffic management device. The computer system described in Appendix 11. (Note 14) At least one memory, At least one processor coupled to the aforementioned at least one memory and configured to provide an SMF (Session Management Function), Equipped with, The aforementioned at least one processor is The Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) receives a first session creation request message containing the base station's identification information. A second session creation request message containing the identification information of the aforementioned base station is sent to the UPF (User Plane Function). Computer system. (Note 15) The at least one processor receives a report message from the UPF reporting the congestion of the base station when the UPF detects congestion at the base station by monitoring the communication load. The computer system described in Appendix 14. (Note 16) When the at least one processor receives a report message containing the identification information of the base station where congestion was detected, it sends an update request message containing the identification information of the base station where congestion was detected to the AMF. The computer system described in Appendix 15. (Note 17) The aforementioned at least one processor is The AMF receives a session update request message from the AMF that includes the identification information of the base station where congestion was detected and an instruction to limit bandwidth, as information about the base station to be limited. A session correction message including the identification information of the base station where the congestion was detected and the instruction for bandwidth limiting is sent to the UPF. The computer system described in Appendix 16. (Note 18) The aforementioned first session creation request message further includes terminal identification information, The aforementioned at least one processor is The second session creation request message, which further includes terminal identification information, is sent to the UPF. The aforementioned at least one processor is When the UPF detects terminal congestion by monitoring the communication load, it receives a report message from the UPF that reports information about the target session corresponding to the terminal where the congestion was detected. The computer system described in Appendix 14. (Note 19) When at least one processor receives a report message containing information about the target session, it sends an update request message containing information about the target session to the AMF. The computer system described in Appendix 18. (Note 20) The aforementioned at least one processor is The AMF receives a session update request message from the AMF that includes identification information of the base station to which the terminal corresponding to the target session will switch connections. A session modification message containing identification information of the base station to which the terminal corresponding to the target session is switched is sent to the UPF. The computer system described in Appendix 19. (Note 21) When the at least one processor receives a report message containing identification information of a base station where congestion has been detected, it sends a session modification message to the UPF containing information indicating the forwarding of target data packets transmitted by a target session corresponding to a terminal connected to the base station where congestion has been detected to a traffic management device. The computer system described in Appendix 15. (Note 22) When at least one processor receives a report message containing information about the target session, it sends a session modification message to the UPF containing information indicating the forwarding of the target data packets being transmitted by the target session to a traffic management device. The computer system described in Appendix 18. (Note 23) Each of the first session creation request message and the second session creation request message further includes cell identification information, The computer system described in Appendix 14. (Note 24) The at least one processor receives a report message from the UPF reporting the cell congestion when the UPF detects congestion in the cell by monitoring the communication load. The computer system described in Appendix 23. (Note 25) When at least one processor receives a report message containing the identification information of the cell in which congestion has been detected, it sends an update request message containing the identification information of the cell in which congestion has been detected to the AMF. The computer system described in Appendix 24. (Note 26) The aforementioned at least one processor is The AMF receives a session update request message that includes the identification information of the cell where congestion was detected and an instruction to limit bandwidth, as information about the cell to be limited in bandwidth. A session correction message including the identification information of the cell where congestion was detected and the bandwidth limiting instruction is sent to the UPF. The computer system described in Appendix 25. (Note 27) When at least one processor receives a report message containing identification information of a cell where congestion has been detected, it sends a session modification message to the UPF containing information indicating the forwarding of target data packets transmitted by a target session corresponding to a terminal connected to the cell where congestion has been detected to a traffic management device. The computer system described in Appendix 24. (Note 28) The method by which UPF (User Plane Function) is executed, The Session Management Function (SMF) receives a second session creation request message from the UPF (Access and Mobility Management Function) requesting the establishment of a session between the SMF and the UPF, which includes the base station identification information contained in the first session creation request message received from the AMF. Based on the identification information of the aforementioned base station, the communication load is monitored, A method that includes this. (Note 29) If congestion at the base station is detected by monitoring the communication load, the following steps are taken: including sending a report message to the SMF reporting the congestion at the base station. The method described in Appendix 28. (Note 30) The SMF receives a session modification message containing information indicating the target session corresponding to the terminal whose bandwidth is to be limited, Limiting the bandwidth of data communication corresponding to the aforementioned target session, The method described in Appendix 29, including the method described therein. (Note 31) The aforementioned first session creation request message further includes terminal identification information, The aforementioned method, The SMF receives the second session creation request message, which further includes terminal identification information, Based on the identification information of the aforementioned terminal, the communication load on a per-terminal basis is monitored, The method described in Appendix 29, including the method described therein. (Note 32) When terminal congestion is detected by monitoring the communication load on each terminal, the SMF includes sending a report message to report information about the target session corresponding to the terminal where congestion was detected. The method described in Appendix 31. (Note 33) The SMF receives a session modification message containing identification information of the base station to which the terminal corresponding to the target session will be switched over, The session information of the target session is updated based on the identification information of the base station to which the connection is switched. The method described in Appendix 32, including the method described in Appendix 32. (Note 34) The SMF receives a session modification message containing information indicating the forwarding of target data packets transmitted by the target session corresponding to the terminal connected to the base station where the congestion was detected to the traffic management device. The aforementioned target data packets are forwarded to the traffic management device, The method described in Appendix 29, including the method described therein. (Note 35) The SMF receives a session modification message containing information indicating the forwarding of target data packets transmitted by the target session corresponding to the terminal where congestion was detected to the traffic management device. The aforementioned target data packets are forwarded to the traffic management device, The method described in Appendix 32, including the method described in Appendix 32. (Note 36) Each of the first session creation request message and the second session creation request message further includes cell identification information, The method includes monitoring the communication load based on the identification information of the cell. The method described in Appendix 28. (Note 37) If congestion of the cell is detected by monitoring the communication load, the SMF includes sending a report message reporting the congestion of the cell. The method described in Appendix 36. (Note 38) The SMF receives a session modification message containing the identification information of the cell where congestion was detected and an instruction to limit bandwidth, as information about the cell to be limited. Limit the bandwidth of data communication corresponding to the session associated with the identification information of the cell in which the congestion was detected, The method described in Appendix 37, including the method described therein. (Note 39) The SMF receives a session modification message containing information indicating the forwarding of target data packets transmitted by the target session corresponding to the terminal connected to the cell where congestion was detected to the traffic management device. The aforementioned target data packets are forwarded to the traffic management device, The method described in Appendix 37, including the method described therein. (Note 40) This is how the SMF (Session Management Function) is executed. The first session creation request message, which includes the base station identification information, is received from the AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function), Send a second session creation request message containing the identification information of the aforementioned base station to the UPF (User Plane Function), A method that includes this. (Note 41) If the UPF detects congestion at the base station by monitoring the communication load, the UPF receives a report message reporting the congestion at the base station. The method described in Appendix 40. (Note 42) When a report message containing the identification information of a base station where congestion has been detected is received, the AMF includes sending an update request message containing the identification information of the base station where congestion has been detected. The method described in Appendix 41. (Note 43) The AMF receives a session update request message containing information indicating the target session corresponding to the terminal whose bandwidth has been restricted, Sending a session modification message containing information indicating the target session to the UPF, The method described in Appendix 41, including the method described in Appendix 41. (Note 44) The aforementioned first session creation request message further includes terminal identification information, The aforementioned second session creation request message further includes terminal identification information, The method includes, when the UPF detects terminal congestion by monitoring the communication load, receiving a report message from the UPF that reports information about the target session corresponding to the terminal where congestion was detected. The method described in Appendix 40. (Note 45) When a report message containing information about the target session is received, the AMF includes sending an update request message containing information about the target session, The method described in Appendix 44. (Note 46) The AMF receives a session update request message from the AMF that includes identification information of the base station to which the terminal corresponding to the target session will switch connections. Sending a session modification message to the UPF, which includes identification information of the base station to which the terminal corresponding to the target session will switch connections, The method described in Appendix 45, including the method described in Appendix 45. (Note 47) When a report message containing identification information of a base station where congestion has been detected is received, the UPF includes sending a session modification message containing information indicating the forwarding of target data packets transmitted by a target session corresponding to a terminal connected to the base station where congestion has been detected to a traffic management device, The method described in Appendix 41. (Note 48) When a report message containing information about the target session is received, the UPF includes sending a session modification message containing information indicating the forwarding of the target data packets transmitted by the target session to the traffic management device, The method described in Appendix 44. (Note 49) Each of the first session creation request message and the second session creation request message further includes cell identification information, The method described in Appendix 40. (Note 50) If the UPF detects congestion in the cell by monitoring the communication load, the UPF receives a report message reporting the congestion in the cell. The method described in Appendix 49. (Note 51) When a report message containing the identification information of a cell where congestion has been detected is received, the AMF includes sending an update request message containing the identification information of the cell where congestion has been detected. The method described in Appendix 50. (Note 52) The AMF receives a session update request message that includes the identification information of the cell where congestion was detected and an instruction to limit bandwidth, as information about the cell to be limited in bandwidth. Sending a session correction message to the UPF including the identification information of the cell where congestion was detected and the instruction for bandwidth limiting, The method described in Appendix 51, including the method described in Appendix 51. (Note 53) When a report message containing identification information of a cell where congestion has been detected is received, the UPF includes sending a session modification message containing information indicating the forwarding of target data packets transmitted by the target session corresponding to the terminal connected to the cell where congestion has been detected to the traffic management device, The method described in Appendix 50. (Note 54) This is a program that causes a UPF (User Plane Function) to execute processing. The aforementioned process is, The Session Management Function (SMF) receives a second session creation request message from the UPF (Access and Mobility Management Function) requesting the establishment of a session between the SMF and the UPF, which includes the base station identification information contained in the first session creation request message received from the AMF. Based on the identification information of the aforementioned base station, the communication load is monitored, A program that includes this. (Note 55) The process includes, if congestion at the base station is detected by monitoring the communication load, sending a report message to the SMF reporting the congestion at the base station. The program described in Appendix 54. (Note 56) The aforementioned process is, The SMF receives a session modification message containing information indicating the target session corresponding to the terminal whose bandwidth is to be limited, Limiting the bandwidth of data communication corresponding to the aforementioned target session, The program described in Appendix 55, including the program described therein. (Note 57) The aforementioned first session creation request message further includes terminal identification information, The aforementioned process is, The SMF receives the second session creation request message, which further includes terminal identification information, Based on the identification information of the aforementioned terminal, the communication load on a per-terminal basis is monitored, The program described in Appendix 55, including the program described therein. (Note 58) The process includes, when terminal congestion is detected by monitoring the communication load on each terminal, sending a report message to the SMF that reports information about the target session corresponding to the terminal where congestion was detected. The program described in Appendix 57. (Note 59) The aforementioned process is, The SMF receives a session modification message containing identification information of the base station to which the terminal corresponding to the target session will be switched over, The session information of the target session is updated based on the identification information of the base station to which the connection is switched. The program described in Appendix 58, including the program described therein. (Note 60) The aforementioned process is, The SMF receives a session modification message containing information indicating the forwarding of target data packets transmitted by the target session corresponding to the terminal connected to the base station where the congestion was detected to the traffic management device. The aforementioned target data packets are forwarded to the traffic management device, The program described in Appendix 55, including the program described therein. (Note 61) The aforementioned process is, The SMF receives a session modification message containing information indicating the forwarding of target data packets transmitted by the target session corresponding to the terminal where congestion was detected to the traffic management device. The aforementioned target data packets are forwarded to the traffic management device, The program described in Appendix 58, including the program described therein. (Note 62) Each of the first session creation request message and the second session creation request message further includes cell identification information, The process includes monitoring the communication load based on the identification information of the cell. The program described in Appendix 54. (Note 63) The process includes, if congestion of the cell is detected by monitoring the communication load, sending a report message to the SMF reporting the congestion of the cell. The program described in Appendix 62. (Note 64) The aforementioned process is, The SMF receives a session modification message containing the identification information of the cell where congestion was detected and an instruction to limit bandwidth, as information about the cell to be limited. Limit the bandwidth of data communication corresponding to the session associated with the identification information of the cell in which the congestion was detected, The program described in Appendix 63, including the program described in Appendix 63. (Note 65) The aforementioned process is, The SMF receives a session modification message containing information indicating the forwarding of target data packets transmitted by the target session corresponding to the terminal connected to the cell where congestion was detected to the traffic management device. The aforementioned target data packets are forwarded to the traffic management device, The program described in Appendix 63, including the program described in Appendix 63. (Note 66) This is a program that causes the Session Management Function (SMF) to execute processing. The aforementioned process is, The first session creation request message, which includes the base station identification information, is received from the AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function), Send a second session creation request message containing the identification information of the aforementioned base station to the UPF (User Plane Function), A program that includes this. (Note 67) The process includes, when the UPF detects congestion at the base station by monitoring the communication load, receiving a report message from the UPF reporting the congestion at the base station. The program described in Appendix 66. (Note 68) The process includes, upon receiving a report message containing the identification information of the base station where congestion was detected, sending an update request message containing the identification information of the base station where congestion was detected to the AMF. The program described in Appendix 67. (Note 69) The aforementioned process is, The AMF receives a session update request message containing information indicating the target session corresponding to the terminal whose bandwidth has been restricted, Sending a session modification message containing information indicating the target session to the UPF, The program described in Appendix 67, including the program described therein. (Note 70) The aforementioned first session creation request message further includes terminal identification information, The aforementioned second session creation request message further includes terminal identification information, The process includes, when the UPF detects terminal congestion by monitoring the communication load, receiving a report message from the UPF that reports information about the target session corresponding to the terminal where congestion was detected. The program described in Appendix 66. (Note 71) The process includes, upon receiving a report message containing information about the target session, sending an update request message containing information about the target session to the AMF. The program described in Appendix 70. (Note 72) The aforementioned process is, The AMF receives a session update request message from the AMF that includes identification information of the base station to which the terminal corresponding to the target session will switch connections. Sending a session modification message to the UPF, which includes identification information of the base station to which the terminal corresponding to the target session will switch connections, The program described in Appendix 71, including the program described in Appendix 71. (Note 73) The process includes, upon receiving a report message containing identification information of a base station where congestion has been detected, sending a session modification message to the UPF containing information indicating the forwarding of target data packets transmitted by a target session corresponding to a terminal connected to the base station where congestion has been detected to a traffic management device. The program described in Appendix 67. (Note 74) The process includes, upon receiving a report message containing information about the target session, sending a session modification message to the UPF containing information indicating the forwarding of the target data packets transmitted by the target session to the traffic management device. The program described in Appendix 70. (Note 75) Each of the first session creation request message and the second session creation request message further includes cell identification information, The program described in Appendix 66. (Note 76) The process includes receiving a report message from the UPF reporting the congestion of the cell when the UPF detects congestion of the cell by monitoring the communication load. The program described in Appendix 75. (Note 77) The process includes, upon receiving a report message containing the identification information of the cell in which congestion was detected, sending an update request message containing the identification information of the cell in which congestion was detected to the AMF. The program described in Appendix 76. (Note 78) The aforementioned process is, The AMF receives a session update request message that includes the identification information of the cell where congestion was detected and an instruction to limit bandwidth, as information about the cell to be limited in bandwidth. Sending a session correction message to the UPF including the identification information of the cell where congestion was detected and the instruction for bandwidth limiting, The program described in Appendix 77, including the program described in Appendix 77. (Note 79) The process includes, upon receiving a report message containing identification information of a cell where congestion has been detected, sending a session modification message to the UPF containing information indicating the forwarding of target data packets transmitted by a target session corresponding to a terminal connected to the cell where congestion has been detected to a traffic management device. The program described in Appendix 76. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0090] 1. Communication System 10 AN (Access Network), base station 20 Core Network 30 AMF(Access and Mobility Management Function) 40 SMF(Session Management Function) 50 UPF (User Plane Function) 2. Communication System 60 TMS(Traffic Management System) 70 DN (Data Network)

Claims

1. At least one memory, The at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured to provide a UPF (User Plane Function), Equipped with, The aforementioned at least one processor is The Session Management Function (SMF) receives a second session creation request message from the UPF (Access and Mobility Management Function) requesting the establishment of a session between the SMF and the UPF, which includes the base station identification information contained in the first session creation request message received from the AMF. Based on the identification information of the aforementioned base station, the communication load is monitored. Computer system.

2. If the at least one processor detects congestion at the base station by monitoring the communication load, it sends a report message to the SMF reporting the congestion at the base station. The computer system according to claim 1.

3. The aforementioned at least one processor is The SMF receives a session modification message containing the identification information of the base station where congestion was detected and an instruction to limit bandwidth, as information about the base station to be limited. The bandwidth of data communications corresponding to the session associated with the identification information of the base station where the congestion was detected is limited. The computer system according to claim 2.

4. The aforementioned first session creation request message further includes terminal identification information, The aforementioned at least one processor is The second session creation request message, which further includes terminal identification information, is received from the SMF. Based on the identification information of the aforementioned terminal, the communication load on a per-terminal basis is monitored. The computer system according to claim 1.

5. If the at least one processor detects terminal congestion by monitoring the communication load on a terminal-by-terminal basis, it sends a report message to the SMF that reports information about the target session corresponding to the terminal where congestion was detected. The computer system according to claim 4.

6. The aforementioned at least one processor is The SMF receives a session modification message containing identification information of the base station to which the terminal corresponding to the target session will switch connections. The session information of the target session is updated based on the identification information of the base station to which the connection is switched. The computer system according to claim 5.

7. The aforementioned at least one processor is The SMF receives a session modification message containing information indicating the forwarding of target data packets transmitted by the target session corresponding to the terminal connected to the base station where the congestion was detected to the traffic management device. The aforementioned target data packets are forwarded to the traffic management device. The computer system according to claim 2.

8. The aforementioned at least one processor is The SMF receives a session modification message containing information indicating the forwarding of target data packets transmitted by the target session corresponding to the terminal where congestion was detected to the traffic management device. The aforementioned target data packets are forwarded to the traffic management device. The computer system according to claim 5.

9. Each of the first session creation request message and the second session creation request message further includes cell identification information, The at least one processor monitors the communication load based on the identification information of the cell. The computer system according to claim 1.

10. If the at least one processor detects congestion in the cell by monitoring the communication load, it sends a report message to the SMF reporting the congestion in the cell. The computer system according to claim 9.

11. The aforementioned at least one processor is The SMF receives a session modification message containing the identification information of the cell where congestion was detected and an instruction to limit bandwidth, as information about the cell to be limited. The bandwidth of data communication corresponding to the session associated with the identification information of the cell in which the congestion was detected is limited. The computer system according to claim 10.

12. The aforementioned at least one processor is The SMF receives a session modification message containing information indicating the forwarding of target data packets transmitted by the target session corresponding to the terminal connected to the cell where congestion was detected to the traffic management device. The aforementioned target data packets are forwarded to the traffic management device. The computer system according to claim 10.

13. At least one memory, The at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured to provide an SMF (Session Management Function), Equipped with, The aforementioned at least one processor is The Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) receives a first session creation request message containing the base station's identification information. A second session creation request message containing the identification information of the aforementioned base station is sent to the UPF (User Plane Function). Computer system.

14. The method by which UPF (User Plane Function) is executed, The Session Management Function (SMF) receives a second session creation request message from the UPF (Access and Mobility Management Function) requesting the establishment of a session between the SMF and the UPF, which includes the base station identification information contained in the first session creation request message received from the AMF. Based on the identification information of the aforementioned base station, the communication load is monitored, A method that includes this.

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