Method and apparatus for receiving PPDU via multiple RUs in a wireless LAN system

Abstract

This paper proposes a method and apparatus for receiving PPDU data in a wireless LAN system. [Solution] Specifically, the receiving STA receives the PPDU from the transmitting STA via the first band and decodes the PPDU. The PPDU has a control field and a data field. If the first band is an 80 MHz band having first to fourth 20 MHz subchannels, the first 20 MHz subchannel has a first multi-RU which is an aggregate of the first 26RU and the first 52RU. The first 26RU is the RU located in the middle of the first 20 MHz subchannel. The first 52RU is an RU which has a lower frequency than the first 26RU and is adjacent to the first 26RU.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This specification relates to a technique for receiving a PPDU via multi (multiple, multiple) RUs in a wireless LAN system, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving a PPDU in an OFDMA manner via multi-RUs aggregated in a combination of large-RUs.

Background Art

[0002] WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) has been improved in various ways. For example, the IEEE802.11ax standard proposed an improved communication environment using OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) and DL MU MIMO (DownLink Multi-User Multiple Input, Multiple Output) technologies.

[0003] This specification proposes technical features that can be utilized in new communication standards. For example, the new communication standard is the recently discussed EHT (Extreme High Throughput) standard. The EHT standard can use newly proposed increased bandwidth, improved PPDU (PHY layer protocol data unit) structure, improved sequence, HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest) technology, etc. The EHT standard can be called the IEEE802.11be standard.

[0004] In the new wireless LAN standard, an increased number of spatial streams are used. In this case, it is necessary to improve the signaling technology in the wireless LAN system in order to appropriately use the increased number of spatial streams.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] This specification proposes a method and apparatus for receiving PPDU via multiple RUs in a wireless LAN system. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] One example in this specification proposes a method for receiving PPDU via multiple RUs.

[0007] This embodiment can be implemented in a network environment that supports next-generation wireless LAN systems (IEEE 802.11be or EHT wireless LAN systems). As an improved version of the 802.11ax system, the next-generation wireless LAN system can be backward compatible with the 802.11ax system.

[0008] This embodiment proposes a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving PPDUs based on a multi-RU configured as a combination of small-RUs. Here, a small-RU means a resource unit with fewer than 242 tones. In particular, this embodiment proposes a multi-RU in which 26RUs and 52RUs are aggregated in each 20MHz subchannel of the PPDU transmission band.

[0009] The receiving STA (STAtion) receives PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) from the transmitting STA via broadband.

[0010] The receiving STA decodes the PPDU.

[0011] A PPDU has a control field and a data field.

[0012] If the first bandwidth is an 80MHz bandwidth having first to fourth 20MHz subchannels, the first 20MHz subchannel has a first multiple RU, which is an aggregate of the first 26RU (Resource Unit) and the first 52RU. The first 26RU is the RU located in the middle of the first 20MHz subchannel. The first 52RU is an RU with a lower frequency than the first 26RU and adjacent to the first 26RU. [Effects of the Invention]

[0013] The embodiments proposed herein support aggregation of small-RUs of various sizes, resulting in new effects such as increased transmission efficiency and throughput. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0014] [Figure 1] This figure shows an example of a transmitting and / or receiving device as described herein. [Figure 2] This is a conceptual diagram illustrating the structure of a wireless LAN (WLAN). [Figure 3] This is a diagram illustrating the typical link setup process. [Figure 4] This diagram shows an example of a PPDU used in IEEE standards. [Figure 5] This diagram shows the arrangement of resource units (RUs) used in the 20MHz bandwidth. [Figure 6] This diagram shows the arrangement of resource units (RUs) used in the 40MHz bandwidth. [Figure 7] This diagram shows the arrangement of resource units (RUs) used in the 80MHz bandwidth. [Figure 8] This figure shows the structure of the HE-SIG-B field. [Figure 9] This figure shows an example where multiple User STAs are assigned to the same RU via MU-MIMO technology. [Figure 10]It is a diagram showing the operation related to UL-MU. [Figure 11] It is a diagram showing an example of a trigger frame. [Figure 12] It is a diagram showing an example of the common information field of the trigger frame. [Figure 13] It is a diagram showing an example of the sub-field included in the per user information field. [Figure 14] Explain the technical features of the UORA technology. [Figure 15] It is a diagram showing an example of the channels used / supported / defined within the 2.4 GHz band. [Figure 16] It is a diagram showing an example of the channels used / supported / defined within the 5 GHz band. [Figure 17] It is a diagram showing an example of the channels used / supported / defined within the 6 GHz band. [Figure 18] It is a diagram showing an example of the PPDU used in this specification. [Figure 19] It is a diagram showing a modified example of the transmission device and / or reception device in this specification. [Figure 20] It is a diagram showing an example of the PHY transmission procedure for the HE SU PPDU. [Figure 21] It is a diagram showing an example of the transmission device block diagram for generating each field of the HE PPDU. [Figure 22] It is a diagram showing an example of the 80 MHz tone plan with 20 MHz puncturing executed. [Figure 23] It is a diagram showing an example of the EHT PPDU format. [Figure 24] It is a diagram showing an example of the U-SIG format. [Figure 25] It is a flowchart showing the operation of the transmission device according to this embodiment. [Figure 26] It is a flowchart showing the operation of the reception device according to this embodiment. [Figure 27]This flowchart shows the procedure for the transmitting STA in this embodiment to transmit a PPDU. [Figure 28] This flowchart shows the procedure for the receiving STA in this embodiment to receive the PPDU. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0015] In this specification, "A or B" may mean "just A," "just B," or "both A and B." Furthermore, in this specification, "A or B" may be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, in this specification, "A, B or C" may mean "just A," "just B," "just C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0016] In this specification, slashes ( / ) and commas can mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B". Thus, "A / B" can mean "just A", "just B", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B or C".

[0017] In this specification, "at least one of A and B" can mean "just A," "just B," or "both A and B." Furthermore, in this specification, the expressions "at least one of A or B" and "at least one of A and / or B" can be interpreted in the same way as "at least one of A and B."

[0018] Furthermore, in this specification, "at least one of A, B and C" may mean "just A," "just B," "just C," or "any combination of A, B and C." Also, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" may mean "at least one of A, B and C."

[0019] Furthermore, parentheses used in this specification can mean "for example." Specifically, when displayed, indicated, or expressed as "control information (PDCCH)," "PDCCH" is proposed as an example of "control information." Also, "control information" in this specification is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDDCH" is proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, when displayed as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)," "PDCCH" is proposed as an example of "control information."

[0020] In this specification, technical features described individually within a single drawing may be embodied individually or simultaneously.

[0021] The following examples in this specification apply to various wireless communication systems. For example, the following examples in this specification apply to wireless LAN (Wireless Local Area Network, WLAN) systems. For example, this specification applies to the IEEE 802.11a / g / n / ac standards and the IEEE 802.11ax standard. This specification also applies to newly proposed EHT standards or IEEE 802.11be standards. Furthermore, the examples in this specification also apply to new wireless LAN standards that improve upon the EHT standards or IEEE 802.11be. In addition, the examples in this specification apply to mobile communication systems. For example, this applies to mobile communication systems based on LTE (Long Term Evolution) and its evolution based on 3GPP® (3rd Generation Partnership Project) standards. Furthermore, the examples in this specification apply to 5GNR standard communication systems based on 3GPP® standards.

[0022] The following describes the technical features to which this specification applies in order to explain the technical features of this specification.

[0023] Figure 1 shows an example of a transmitting and / or receiving device according to this specification.

[0024] An example in Figure 1 can perform various technical features described below. Figure 1 relates to at least one STA (Station). For example, the STA (110, 120) as used herein is referred to by various names such as mobile terminal, wireless device, Wireless Transmit / Receive Unit (WTRU), User Equipment (UE), Mobile Station (MS), Mobile Subscriber Unit, or simply user. The STA (110, 120) as used herein is referred to by various names such as network, base station, node-B, access point (AP), repeater, router, relay. The STA (110, 120) as used herein is referred to by various names such as receiving device, transmitting device, receiving STA, transmitting STA, receiving device, transmitting device.

[0025] For example, an STA(110, 120) can perform the role of an AP (Access Point) or a non-AP role. That is, an STA(110, 120) as described herein can perform AP and / or non-AP functions. In this specification, AP may also be referred to as AP STA.

[0026] The STAs (110, 120) described herein can support various communication standards other than the IEEE 802.11 standard. For example, they can support communication standards related to 3GPP® standards (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, 5GNR standards). Furthermore, the STAs described herein can be implemented in various devices such as mobile phones, vehicles, and personal computers. In addition, the STAs described herein can support communication for various communication services such as voice calls, video calls, data communication, and autonomous driving.

[0027] In this specification, STA(110, 120) may include Medium Access Control (MAC) and a Physical Layer interface to the wireless medium in accordance with the IEEE 802.11 standard.

[0028] Based on Figure 1(a), STA(110, 120) can be explained as follows:

[0029] The first STA(110) includes a processor (111), memory (112), and transceiver (113). The indicated processor, memory, and transceiver may each be implemented as separate chips, or at least two or more blocks / functions may be implemented via a single chip.

[0030] The transceiver (113) of the first STA performs signal transmission and reception operations. Specifically, it can transmit and receive IEEE 802.11 packets (e.g., IEEE 802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax / be, etc.).

[0031] For example, the first STA (110) can perform the intended operation of the AP. For example, the AP's processor (111) can receive signals via the transceiver (113), process the received signals, generate the transmit signals, and perform control for signal transmission. The AP's memory (112) can store signals received via the transceiver (113) (i.e., received signals) and can store signals transmitted via the transceiver (i.e., transmitted signals).

[0032] For example, the second STA (120) can perform the intended operation of a Non-AP STA. For example, a non-AP transceiver (123) can perform signal transmission and reception operations. Specifically, it can transmit and receive IEEE 802.11 packets (e.g., IEEE 802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax / be, etc.).

[0033] For example, the Non-AP STA processor (121) can receive signals via the transceiver (123), process the received signals, generate transmit signals, and perform control for signal transmission. The Non-AP STA memory (122) can store signals received via the transceiver (123) (i.e., received signals) and can store signals transmitted via the transceiver (i.e., transmitted signals).

[0034] For example, the operation of the device indicated as AP in the following specification is performed in the first STA(110) or the second STA(120). For example, if the first STA(110) is AP, the operation of the device indicated as AP is controlled by the processor(111) of the first STA(110), and the relevant signals are transmitted or received via a transceiver(113) controlled by the processor(111) of the first STA(110). Control information related to the operation of AP and the AP's transmit / receive signals are stored in the memory(112) of the first STA(110). If the second STA(110) is AP, the operation of the device indicated as AP is controlled by the processor(121) of the second STA(120), and the relevant signals are transmitted or received via a transceiver(123) controlled by the processor(121) of the second STA(120). Furthermore, control information related to the operation of the AP and the AP's transmit / receive signals are stored in the memory (122) of the second STA (110).

[0035] For example, the operation of a device indicated as non-AP (or User-STA) in the following specification is performed in the first STA(110) or the second STA(120). For example, if the second STA(120) is non-AP, the operation of the device indicated as non-AP is controlled by the processor(121) of the second STA(120), and the relevant signals are transmitted or received via a transceiver(123) controlled by the processor(121) of the second STA(120). In addition, control information related to the operation of non-AP and AP transmit / receive signals are stored in the memory(122) of the second STA(120). For example, if the first STA(110) is non-AP, the operation of the device indicated as non-AP is controlled by the processor(111) of the first STA(110), and the relevant signals are transmitted or received via a transceiver(113) controlled by the processor(111) of the first STA(120). Furthermore, control information related to the operation of the non-AP and the AP's transmit / receive signals are stored in the memory (112) of the first STA (110).

[0036] In the following specification, devices referred to as (transmit / receive)STA, 1stSTA, 2ndSTA, STA1, STA2, AP, 1stAP, 2ndAP, AP1, AP2, (transmit / receive)Terminal, (transmit / receive)Device, (transmit / receive)apparatus, network, etc., mean the STA(110, 120) in Figure 1. For example, devices referred to without specific designations as (transmit / receive)STA, 1stSTA, 2ndSTA, STA1, STA2, AP, 1stAP, 2ndAP, AP1, AP2, (transmit / receive)Terminal, (transmit / receive)Device, (transmit / receive)apparatus, network, etc., also mean the STA(110, 120) in Figure 1. For example, the operation of various STAs sending and receiving signals (e.g., PPPDU) in the following example may be performed in the transceiver(113, 123) in Figure 1. Furthermore, in the following example, the operation of various STAs generating transmit / receive signals or performing data processing or calculations in advance for transmit / receive signals may be performed by the processor (111, 121) in Figure 1. For example, an example of the operation of generating transmit / receive signals or performing data processing or calculations in advance for transmit / receive signals may include: 1) the operation of determining / acquiring / composing / calculating / decoding / encoding bit information of subfields (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) contained within the PPDU; 2) the operation of determining / composing / acquiring time resources and frequency resources (e.g., subcarrier resources) used for the subfields (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) contained within the PPDU; 3) the operation of determining / composing / acquiring specific sequences (e.g., pilot sequence, STF / LTF sequence, extra sequence applied to SIG) used for the subfields (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) contained within the PPDU; 4) power control operations and / or power saving operations applied to the STA; and 5) operations related to determining / acquiring / composing / calculating / decoding / encoding ACK signals.Furthermore, in the following example, various pieces of information used by different STAs for determining / acquiring / composing / calculating / decoding / encoding the transmit / receive signals (e.g., information related to fields / subfields / control fields / parameters / power, etc.) are stored in the memory (112, 122) in Figure 1.

[0037] The apparatus / STA shown in Figure 1(a) above is modified as shown in Figure 1(b). The STA(110, 120) described herein will be explained below based on Figure 1(b).

[0038] For example, the transceivers (113, 123) shown in Figure 1(b) can perform the same functions as the transceivers shown in Figure 1(a) described above. For example, the processor chip (114, 124) shown in Figure 1(b) can include processors (111, 121) and memory (112, 122). The processors (111, 121) and memory (112, 122) shown in Figure 1(b) can perform the same functions as the processors (111, 121) and memory (112, 122) shown in Figure 1(a) described above.

[0039] In the following, mobile terminal, wireless device, wireless Transmit / Receive Unit (WTRU), User Equipment (UE), Mobile Station (MS), Mobile Subscriber Unit, user, user STA, network, base station, Node-B, access point (AP), repeater, router, relay, receiving device, transmitting device, receiving STA, transmitting STA, receiving device, transmitting device, receiving apparatus, and / or transmitting apparatus mean the STA(110, 120) shown in Figure 1(a) / (b) or the processor chip(114, 124) shown in Figure 1(b). That is, the technical features of this specification may be implemented in the STA(110, 120) shown in Figure 1(a) / (b) or only in the processor chip(114, 124) shown in Figure 1(b). For example, the technical characteristic of a transmitting STA transmitting a control signal can be understood as the technical characteristic that the control signal generated in the processor (111, 121) shown in Figure 1(a) / (b) is transmitted via the transceiver (113, 123) shown in Figure 1(a) / (b). Alternatively, the technical characteristic of a transmitting STA transmitting a control signal can be understood as the technical characteristic that the control signal to be transmitted (forwarded, transmitted) to the transceiver (113, 123) is generated in the processor chip (114, 124) shown in Figure 1(b).

[0040] For example, the technical characteristic of a receiving STA receiving a control signal can be understood as the technical characteristic of the control signal being received by the transceiver (113, 123) shown in Figure 1(a). Alternatively, the technical characteristic of a receiving STA receiving a control signal can be understood as the technical characteristic of the control signal received by the transceiver (113, 123) shown in Figure 1(a) being acquired by the processor (111, 121) shown in Figure 1(a). Alternatively, the technical characteristic of a receiving STA receiving a control signal can be understood as the technical characteristic of the control signal received by the transceiver (113, 123) shown in Figure 1(b) being acquired by the processor chip (114, 124) shown in Figure 1(b).

[0041] Referring to Figure 1(b), the memory (112, 122) contains software code (115, 125). The software code (115, 125) contains instructions that control the operation of the processor (111, 121). The software code (115, 125) is contained in various programming languages.

[0042] The processors (111, 121) or processor chips (114, 124) shown in Figure 1 may include ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits), other chipsets, logic circuits, and / or data processing devices. The processor is an AP (Application Processor). For example, the processors (111, 121) or processor chips (114, 124) shown in Figure 1 may include at least one of the following: DSP (Digital Signal Processor), CPU (Central Processing Unit), GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), or modem (modulator and demodulator). For example, the processors (111, 121) or processor chips (114, 124) shown in Figure 1 may include SNAPDRAGON manufactured by Qualcomm®. TMEXYNOS series processor, manufactured by Samsung®. TM Series processors, A-series processors manufactured by Apple®, HELIO manufactured by MediaTek® TM ATOM series processors, manufactured by INTEL®. TM This refers to a series processor or an improved (enhanced) version thereof.

[0043] In this specification, "uplink" refers to a link for communication from a non-AP STA to an AP STA, through which uplink PPDU / packets / signals, etc., are transmitted. Similarly, in this specification, "downlink" refers to a link for communication from an AP STA to a non-AP STA, through which downlink PPDU / packets / signals, etc., are transmitted.

[0044] Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the structure of a wireless LAN (WLAN).

[0045] The upper part of Figure 2 shows the structure of the Infrastructure BSS (Basic Service Set) according to IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) 802.11.

[0046] Referring to the top of Figure 2, a wireless LAN system may include one or more infrastructure BSS(200, 205) (hereinafter, BSS). BSS(200, 205) is not a concept that refers to a specific area, but rather a set of APs and STAs such as APs (Access Points, 225) and STA1 (STAtion, 200-1) that can synchronize and communicate with each other. BSS(205) may include one or more connectable STA(205-1, 205-2) in a single AP(230).

[0047] BSS may include at least one STA, APs (225, 230) that provide distribution services, and a distribution system (DS, 210) that connects multiple APs.

[0048] The distribution system (210) can connect multiple BSSs (200, 205) to implement an Extended Service Set (ESS, 240). ESS (240) is a term used to refer to a network formed by one or more APs connected via the distribution system (210). APs included in a single ESS (240) share the same SSID (Service Set Identification).

[0049] Portal (220) can act as a bridge to connect wireless LAN networks (IEEE 802.11) with other networks (e.g., 802.X).

[0050] In a BSS like the one shown at the top of Figure 2, networks are implemented between APs (225, 230) and between APs (225, 230) and STAs (200-1, 205-1, 205-2). However, it is also possible to configure a network and communicate between STAs without APs (225, 230). A network configured to communicate between STAs without APs (225, 230) is defined as an ad-hoc network or an independent BSS (Independent Basic Service Set, IBSS).

[0051] The lower part of Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing IBSS.

[0052] Referring to the bottom of Figure 2, IBSS is a BSS that operates in ad-hoc mode. Because IBSS does not include APs, there is no centralized management entity that performs management functions in a central location. That is, in IBSS, STAs (250-1, 250-2, 250-3, 255-4, 255-5) are managed in a distributed manner. In IBSS, all STAs (250-1, 250-2, 250-3, 255-4, 255-5) are configured as mobile STAs and are not allowed to connect to the distribution system, thus forming a self-contained network.

[0053] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating the normal link setup process.

[0054] In step S310, as shown, the STA can perform a network discovery operation. This network discovery operation can include a scanning operation by the STA. That is, in order for the STA to access a network, it needs to find a network it can join. The STA needs to identify compatible networks before joining a wireless network, and the process of identifying networks that exist in a particular area is called scanning. There are two types of scanning methods: active scanning and passive scanning.

[0055] Figure 3 illustrates the process of finding a network, including the active scanning process. In an active scan, the STA performing the scan sends a probe request frame to move channels and search for nearby APs, and waits for a response. The responder sends a probe response frame to the STA that sent the probe request frame. Here, the responder is the STA that last sent a beacon frame in the BSS of the channel being scanned. In BSS, APs send beacon frames, so APs become the responders, while in IBSS, STAs within IBSS return and send beacon frames, so the responder is not constant. For example, an STA that sent a probe request frame on channel 1 and received a probe response frame on channel 1 can store the BSS-related information contained in the received probe response frame and move to the next channel (e.g., channel 2) and perform a scan in the same way (i.e., send and receive probe requests / responses on channel 2).

[0056] Although not shown in the example in Figure 3, scanning operations can also be performed using a passive scanning method. An STA performing a scan based on passive scanning can wait for beacon frames while moving between channels. Beacon frames are one of the management frames in IEEE 802.11, and are periodically transmitted to announce the presence of a wireless network, allowing scanning STAs to find and join the wireless network. In BSS, APs perform the role of periodically transmitting beacon frames, and in IBSS, STAs within IBSS transmit beacon frames in turns. When a scanning STA receives a beacon frame, it stores the BSS information contained in the beacon frame and records the beacon frame information on each channel while moving to other channels. An STA that has received a beacon frame can store the BSS-related information contained in the received beacon frame and move to the next channel to perform a scan on the next channel in the same way.

[0057] Upon discovering the network, the STA can perform an authentication process via step S320. This authentication process is referred to as the first authentication process to clearly distinguish it from the security configuration operation in step S340, which will be described later. The authentication process in S320 may include a process in which the STA sends an authentication request frame to the AP, and in response, the AP sends an authentication response frame to the STA. The authentication frame used in the authentication request / response corresponds to the management frame.

[0058] The authentication frame may include information such as the authentication algorithm number, authentication transaction sequence number, status code, challenge text, RSN (Robust Security Network), and finite cyclic group.

[0059] The STA can send an authentication request frame to the AP. Based on the information contained in the received authentication request frame, the AP can decide whether or not to grant authentication to the STA. The AP can provide the STA with the result of the authentication process via an authentication response frame.

[0060] A successfully authenticated STA can perform the connection process based on step S330. The connection process involves the STA sending an association request frame to the AP, and the AP sending an association response frame to the STA in response. For example, the association request frame may include information related to various capabilities, such as the beacon listen interval, SSID (Service Set IDentifier), supported rates, supported channels, RSN, mobile domain, supported operating classes, Traffic Indication Map Broadcast request, and interworking service capabilities. For example, a connection response frame may include information related to various capabilities, such as status codes, AID (Association ID), support rates, EDCA (Enhanced Distributed Channel Access) parameter sets, RCPI (Received Channel Power Indicator), RSNI (Received Signal to Noise Indicator), mobility domains, timeout intervals (association comeback time), overlapping BSS scan parameters, TIM broadcast responses, and QoS maps.

[0061] Thereafter, in step S340, the STA can perform the security setup process. The security setup process in step S340 may include, for example, a process of performing private key setup via a four-way handshake through an EAPOL (Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN) frame.

[0062] Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example of a PPDU used in IEEE standards.

[0063] As shown, various forms of PPDU (PHY protocol data unit) are used in standards such as IEEEa / g / n / ac. Specifically, the LTF and STF fields contain training signals, SIG-A and SIG-B contain control information for the receiving station, and the data field contains user data corresponding to the PSDU (MAC PDU / Aggregated MAC PDU).

[0064] Figure 4 also includes an example of an HE PPDU according to the IEEE 802.11ax standard. The HE PPDU in Figure 4 is an example of a PPDU for multiple users, and HE-SIG-B is included only for multi-user PPDUs; in single-user PPDUs, the corresponding HE-SIG-B is omitted.

[0065] As shown, an HE-PPDU for multiple users (MU) can include L-STF (Legacy-Short Training Field), L-LTF (Legacy-Long Training Field), L-SIG (Legacy-Signal), HE-SIG-A (high efficiency-signal A), HE-SIG-B (high efficiency-signal-B), HE-STF (High Efficiency-Short Training Field), HE-LTF (High Efficiency-Long Training Field), data fields (or MAC payloads), and PE (Packet Extension) fields. Each field is transmitted during the indicated time interval (i.e., 4 or 8 μs, etc.).

[0066] The resource unit (RU) used in PPDU is described below. A resource unit can contain multiple subcarriers (or tones). Resource units are used when transmitting signals to multiple STAs based on OFDMA technology. Resource units are also defined when transmitting signals to a single STA. Resource units are used for STF, LTF, data fields, etc.

[0067] Figure 5 is a diagram showing the arrangement of resource units (RUs) used in the 20MHz bandwidth.

[0068] As shown in Figure 5, Resource Units (RUs) corresponding to different numbers of tones (i.e., subcarriers) can be used to constitute some fields of the HE-PPDU. For example, resources are allocated in the indicated RU units for the HE-STF, HE-LTF, and data fields.

[0069] As shown at the top of Figure 5, 26 units (i.e., units corresponding to 26 tones) are arranged. Six tones are used as guard bands in the leftmost band of the 20MHz bandwidth, and five tones are used as guard bands in the rightmost band of the 20MHz bandwidth. In addition, seven DC tones are inserted in the center band, i.e., the DC band, and there may be 26 units corresponding to 13 tones on each side of the DC band. Other bands are allocated 26, 52, or 106 units. Each unit is allocated for the receiving station, i.e., the user.

[0070] On the other hand, the RU configuration in Figure 5 can be used not only for situations involving multiple users (MU) but also for situations involving a single user (SU), in which case it is possible to use one 242 unit as shown at the bottom of Figure 5, in which case three DC tones are inserted.

[0071] As shown in the example in Figure 5, various sizes of RUs, namely 26RU, 52RU, 106RU, 242RU, etc., are proposed, the specific sizes of such RUs may be expanded or increased, so this embodiment is not limited to the specific size of each RU (i.e., the number of corresponding tones).

[0072] Figure 6 is a diagram showing the arrangement of resource units (RUs) used in the 40MHz bandwidth.

[0073] Just as various sizes of RU are used in the example in Figure 5, the example in Figure 6 also uses 26RU, 52RU, 106RU, 242RU, 484RU, etc. In addition, five DC tones are inserted at the center frequency, twelve tones are used as guard bands in the leftmost band of the 40MHz bandwidth, and eleven tones are used as guard bands in the rightmost band of the 40MHz bandwidth.

[0074] Furthermore, as shown, 484 RUs can be used when used for a single user. On the other hand, the specific number of RUs can be changed, as in the example in Figure 4.

[0075] Figure 7 is a diagram showing the arrangement of resource units (RUs) used in the 80MHz bandwidth.

[0076] Just as various sizes of RU were used in the examples in Figures 5 and 6, the example in Figure 7 can also use 26RU, 52RU, 106RU, 242RU, 484RU, 996RU, etc. Additionally, seven DC tones are inserted at the center frequency, 12 tones are used as guard bands in the leftmost band of the 80MHz bandwidth, and 11 tones are used as guard bands in the rightmost band of the 80MHz bandwidth. Furthermore, a 26RU configuration can be used, utilizing 13 tones on each side of the DC bandwidth.

[0077] Also, as shown, when used for a single user, the 996RU can be used, in which case five DC tones are inserted.

[0078] The RUs described herein are used in UL (UpLink) and DL (DownLink) communications. For example, when UL-MU communication is solicited by a trigger frame, the transmitting STA (e.g., AP) can assign a first RU (e.g., 26 / 52 / 106 / 242RU, etc.) to the first STA and a second RU (e.g., 26 / 52 / 106 / 242RU, etc.) to the second STA via the trigger frame. Thereafter, the first STA can transmit a first trigger-based PPDU based on the first RU, and the second STA can transmit a second trigger-based PPDU based on the second RU. The first and second trigger-based PPDUs are transmitted to the AP in the same time interval.

[0079] For example, when a DL MU PPDU is configured, a transmitting STA (e.g., AP) can assign a first RU (e.g., 26 / 52 / 106 / 242RU) to the first STA and a second RU (e.g., 26 / 52 / 106 / 242RU) to the second STA. That is, a transmitting STA (e.g., AP) can transmit the HE-STF, HE-LTF, and Data fields for the first STA via the first RU within a single MU PPDU, and the HE-STF, HE-LTF, and Data fields for the second STA via the second RU.

[0080] Information regarding the placement of RUs is signaled via HE-SIG-B.

[0081] Figure 8 shows the structure of the HE-SIG-B field.

[0082] As shown, the HE-SIG-B field (810) includes a common field (820) and a user-specific field (830). The common field (820) may contain information that applies in common to all users receiving the SIG-B (i.e., user STA). The user-specific field (830) can be called a user-specific control field. If the SIG-B is transmitted to multiple users, the user-specific field (830) may apply to only some of the multiple users.

[0083] As shown in Figure 8, the common field (820) and the user-specific field (830) can be encoded separately.

[0084] The common field (820) can contain N*8 bits of RU allocation information. For example, the RU allocation information can contain information about the location of the RUs. For instance, if a 20MHz channel is used as shown in Figure 5, the RU allocation information can contain information about which RUs (26RU / 52RU / 106RU) are placed in which frequency band.

[0085] An example of a case where RU allocation information consists of 8 bits is as follows:

[0086] [Table 1]

[0087] As shown in the example in Figure 5, a maximum of nine 26RUs can be allocated to a 20MHz channel. When the RU allocation information for the common field (820) is set to "00000000" as shown in Table 1, nine 26RUs are allocated to the corresponding channel (i.e., 20MHz). Also, when the RU allocation information for the common field (820) is set to "00000001" as shown in Table 1, seven 26RUs and one 52RU are allocated to the corresponding channel. In other words, in the example in Figure 5, a 52RU is allocated to the far right, and seven 26RUs are allocated to its left.

[0088] Table 1 shows only a portion of the RU locations where RU allocation information can be displayed.

[0089] For example, RU allocation information may further include the example shown in Table 2 below.

[0090] [Table 2]

[0091] "01000y2y1y0" relates to an example where 106RU is assigned to the leftmost end of a 20MHz channel, and five 26RU are assigned to its right. In this case, a large number of STAs (e.g., User-STAs) are assigned to the 106RU based on MU-MIMO technology. Specifically, up to eight STAs (e.g., User-STAs) are assigned to the 106RU, and the number of STAs (e.g., User-STAs) assigned to the 106RU is determined based on 3-bit information (y2y1y0). For example, if the 3-bit information (y2y1y0) is set to N, the number of STAs (e.g., User-STAs) assigned to the 106RU based on MU-MIMO technology is N+1.

[0092] Typically, multiple RUs are assigned multiple distinct STAs (e.g., User STAs). However, for a single RU exceeding a certain size (e.g., 10⁶ subcarriers), multiple STAs (e.g., User STAs) are assigned based on MU-MIMO technology.

[0093] As shown in Figure 8, the user-specific field (830) can contain multiple user fields. As described above, the number of STAs (e.g., User STAs) assigned to a particular channel is determined based on the RU allocation information in the common field (820). For example, if the RU allocation information in the common field (820) is "00000000", then one User STA is assigned to each of the nine 26RUs (i.e., a total of nine User STAs are assigned). In other words, up to nine User STAs can be assigned to a particular channel via OFDMA technology. Also, up to nine User STAs can be assigned to a particular channel via non-MU-MIMO technology.

[0094] For example, if the RU allocation is set to "01000y2y1y0", the 106 RU located on the far left will be allocated multiple User STAs via MU-MIMO technology, and the five 26 RU located to its right will be allocated five User STAs via non-MU-MIMO technology. This case is illustrated in the example shown in Figure 9.

[0095] Figure 9 shows an example where multiple User STAs are assigned to the same RU via MU-MIMO technology.

[0096] For example, if the RU allocation is set to "01000010" as shown in Figure 9, then, based on Table 2, 106 RUs are allocated to the leftmost end of a particular channel, and five 26 RUs are allocated to its right. Additionally, a total of three User STAs are allocated to the 106 RUs via MU-MIMO technology. As a result, a total of eight User STAs are allocated, allowing the HE-SIG-B user-specific field (830) to contain eight User fields.

[0097] The eight User fields are included in the order shown in Figure 9. Also, as shown in Figure 8, two User fields are implemented within one User block field.

[0098] The User fields shown in Figures 8 and 9 are constructed based on two formats. Specifically, User fields related to MU-MIMO technology are constructed using the first format, while User fields related to non-MU-MIMO technology are constructed using the second format. Referring to an example in Figure 9, User fields 1 through 3 are based on the first format, and User fields 4 through 8 are based on the second format. Either the first or second format can contain the same length (e.g., 21 bits) of bit information.

[0099] Each User field can have the same size (e.g., 21 bits). For example, a User field in the first format (MU-MIMO technology format) is structured as follows:

[0100] For example, the first bits (e.g., B0-B10) within the User field (i.e., 21 bits) can contain identification information for the User STA to which the User field is assigned (e.g., STA-ID, partial AID, etc.). Additionally, the second bits (e.g., B11-B14) within the User field (i.e., 21 bits) can contain information regarding the spatial configuration. Specifically, an example of the second bits (i.e., B11-B14) may be the same as those in Tables 3 to 4 below.

[0101] [Table 3]

[0102] [Table 4]

[0103] As shown in Tables 3 and / or 4, the second bits (i.e., B11-B14) can contain information about the number of Spatial Streams allocated to multiple User STAs allocated by MU-MIMO technology. For example, if three User STAs are allocated to 106RU based on MU-MIMO technology as shown in Figure 9, N_user is set to "3", which determines the values ​​of N_STS[1], N_STS[2], and N_STS[3] as shown in Table 3. For example, if the value of the second bits (B11-B14) is "0011", then N_STS[1]=4, N_STS[2]=1, and N_STS[3]=1. That is, in the example in Figure 9, four Spatial Streams are allocated to User field 1, one Spatial Stream is allocated to User field 2, and one Spatial Stream is allocated to User field 3.

[0104] As shown in the example in Table 3 and / or Table 4, the information regarding the number of spatial streams for a user station (User STA) (i.e., the second bits, B11-B14) consists of 4 bits. Furthermore, the information regarding the number of spatial streams for a user station (User STA) (i.e., the second bits, B11-B14) can support up to 8 spatial streams. Also, the information regarding the number of spatial streams (i.e., the second bits, B11-B14) can support up to 4 spatial streams for a single User STA.

[0105] Additionally, the third bit (i.e., B15-18) within the User field (i.e., 21 bits) can contain MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) information. The MCS information is applied to the data field within the PPDU containing the relevant SIG-B.

[0106] In this specification, MCS, MCS information, MCS index, MCS field, etc., can be represented by specific index values. For example, MCS information can be represented by index 0 to index 11. MCS information may include information about the constellation modulation type (e.g., BPSK, QPSK, 16_QAM, 64_QAM, 256_QAM, 1024_QAM, etc.) and information about the coding rate (e.g., 1 / 2, 2 / 3, 3 / 4, 5 / 6, etc.). Information about the channel coding type (e.g., BSS or LDPC) may be excluded from the MCS information.

[0107] Additionally, the fourth bit (i.e., B19) within the User field (i.e., 21 bits) is the Reserved field.

[0108] Additionally, the fifth bit (i.e., B20) within the User field (i.e., 21 bits) can contain information about the coding type (e.g., BSS or LDPC). That is, the fifth bit (i.e., B20) can contain information about the type of channel coding (e.g., BSS or LDPC) applied to the data field in the PPDU containing the relevant SIG-B.

[0109] The example above relates to the User field in the first format (the format for MU-MIMO technology). An example of the User field in the second format (the format for non-MU-MIMO technology) is as follows:

[0110] The first bit in the User field of the second format (e.g., B0-B10) can contain user STA identification information. The second bit in the User field of the second format (e.g., B11-B13) can contain information about the number of spatial streams applied to the RU. The third bit in the User field of the second format (e.g., B14) contains information about whether a beamforming steering matrix is ​​applied. The fourth bit in the User field of the second format (e.g., B15-B18) can contain MCS (Modulation And Coding Scheme) information. The fifth bit in the User field of the second format (e.g., B19) can contain information about whether DCM (Dual Carrier Modulation) is applied. The sixth bit in the User field of the second format (i.e., B20) can contain information about the coding type (e.g., BSS or LDPC).

[0111] Figure 10 illustrates the operation related to UL-MU. As shown, the transmitting STA (e.g., AP) can establish a channel connection via contending (i.e., backoff operation) and transmit a trigger frame (1030). That is, the transmitting STA (e.g., AP) can transmit a PPDU containing the trigger frame (1330). Once the PPDU containing the trigger frame is received, a trigger-based (TB) PPDU is transmitted after a delay equal to the SIFS.

[0112] The TB PPDUs (1041, 1042) are sent at the same time and originate from multiple STAs (e.g., User STAs) whose AIDs are displayed in the Trigger frame (1030). The ACK frames (1050) for the TB PPDUs are implemented in various forms.

[0113] The specific characteristics of the trigger frame are explained through Figures 11 to 13. When UL-MU communication is used, OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) technology or MU MIMO technology is used, or OFDMA and MU MIMO technology are used simultaneously.

[0114] Figure 11 shows an example of a trigger frame. The trigger frame in Figure 11 allocates resources for uplink MU transmission (Uplink Multiple-User transmission) and is sent, for example, from an AP. The trigger frame consists of a MAC frame and is included in the PPDU.

[0115] Each of the fields shown in Figure 11 may be partially omitted, and other fields may be added. Furthermore, the length of each field may differ from what is shown.

[0116] The frame control field (1110) in Figure 11 contains information about the MAC protocol version and other additional control information, while the duration field (1120) contains time information for NAV configuration and information about the STA identifier (e.g., AID).

[0117] The RA field (1130) contains the address information of the receiving STA for the trigger frame and may be omitted if necessary. The TA field (1140) contains the address information of the STA (e.g., AP) that transmits the trigger frame, and the common information field (1150) contains common control information applicable to the receiving STA that receives the trigger frame. For example, it may include a field indicating the length of the L-SIG field of the up PPDU transmitted in response to the trigger frame, and information controlling the content of the SIG-A field (i.e., the HE-SIG-A field) of the up PPDU transmitted in response to the trigger frame. The common control information may also include information regarding the length of the CP and the length of the LTF field of the up PPDU transmitted in response to the trigger frame.

[0118] Furthermore, it is desirable to include individual user information fields (1160#1 to 1160#N) corresponding to the number of receiving STAs that receive the trigger frame in Figure 11. These individual user information fields are also called "assignment fields".

[0119] Furthermore, the trigger frame in Figure 11 may include a padding field (1170) and a frame check sequence field (1180).

[0120] Each of the individual user information fields (1160#1 to 1160#N) shown in Figure 11 can contain multiple subfields.

[0121] Figure 12 shows an example of the common information field in a trigger frame. Some of the subfields in Figure 12 may be omitted, and other subfields may be added. Also, the length of each of the shown subfields may be changed.

[0122] The indicated length field (1210) has the same value as the length field of the L-SIG field of the up PPDU transmitted in response to the trigger frame, and the length field of the L-SIG field of the up PPDU indicates the length of the up PPDU. Consequently, the length field (1210) of the trigger frame is used to indicate the length of the corresponding uplink PPDU.

[0123] The cascade indicator field (1220) indicates whether or not a cascade operation will be performed. Cascade operation means that both downlink MU transmission and uplink MU transmission will be performed within the same TXOP. That is, it means that after a downlink MU transmission is performed, an uplink MU transmission will be performed after a previously set time (e.g., SIFS). In a cascade operation, there may be only one transmitter performing downlink communication (e.g., AP) and multiple transmitters performing uplink communication (e.g., non-AP).

[0124] The CS request field (1230) indicates whether the receiving device that received the trigger frame needs to consider the status of the wireless medium, NAV, etc., when transmitting the corresponding uplink PPDU.

[0125] The HE-SIG-A information field (1240) contains information that controls the content of the SIG-A field (i.e., the HE-SIG-A field) of the up PPDU transmitted in response to the trigger frame.

[0126] The CP and LTF type fields (1250) may include information about the LTF length and CP length of the up PPDU transmitted in response to the trigger frame. The trigger type field (1060) may indicate the purpose for which the trigger frame is used, such as a normal trigger, a trigger for beamforming, or a request for a Block ACK / NACK.

[0127] In this specification, it can be assumed that the trigger type field (1260) of a trigger frame indicates a trigger frame of type Basic for a normal trigger. For example, a trigger frame of type Basic can be called a basic trigger frame.

[0128] Figure 13 shows an example of subfields included in a per-user information field. The per-user information field (1300) in Figure 13 can be understood as one of the individual per-user information fields (1160#1 to 1160#N) mentioned in Figure 11 above. Some of the subfields included in the per-user information field (1300) in Figure 13 may be omitted, and other subfields may be added. Also, the length of each of the shown subfields may be changed.

[0129] The User Identifier field (1310) in Figure 13 indicates the identifier of the STA (i.e., the receiving STA) corresponding to the individual user information. An example of an identifier is that it may be all or part of the Association Identifier (AID) value of the receiving STA.

[0130] The RU allocation field (1320) is also included. That is, when a receiving STA identified in the user identifier field (1310) transmits a TB PPDU in response to a trigger frame, it transmits the TB PPDU via the RU indicated by the RU allocation field (1320). In this case, the RU indicated by the RU allocation field (1320) is the RU shown in Figures 5, 6, and 7.

[0131] The subfield in Figure 13 may include a coding type field (1330). The coding type field (1330) can indicate the coding type of the TB PPDU. For example, if BCC coding is applied to the TB PPDU, the coding type field (1330) is set to "1", and if LDPC coding is applied, the coding type field (1330) is set to "0".

[0132] Furthermore, the subfield in Figure 13 may include an MCS field (1340). The MCS field (1340) can indicate the MCS technology to be applied to the TB PPDU. For example, if BCC coding is applied to the TB PPDU, the coding type field (1330) is set to "1", and if LDPC coding is applied, the coding type field (1330) is set to "0".

[0133] The following explains UORA (UL OFDMA-based Random Access) technology.

[0134] Figure 14 illustrates the technical characteristics of UORA technology.

[0135] A transmitting STA (e.g., AP) can allocate six RU resources via a trigger frame, as shown in Figure 14. Specifically, the AP can allocate the first RU resource (AID 0, RU1), the second RU resource (AID 0, RU2), the third RU resource (AID 0, RU3), the fourth RU resource (AID 2045, RU4), the fifth RU resource (AID 2045, RU5), and the sixth RU resource (AID 3, RU6). Information regarding AID 0, AID 3, or AID 2045 is included, for example, in the user identification field (1310) in Figure 13. Information regarding RU1 through RU6 is included, for example, in the RU allocation field (1320) in Figure 13. AID=0 means a UORA resource for an associated STA, and AID=2045 means a UORA resource for an unassociated STA. As a result, the first to third RU resources in Figure 14 are used for UORA resources for associated STAs, the fourth to fifth RU resources in Figure 14 are used for UORA resources for unassociated STAs, and the sixth RU resource in Figure 14 is used for resources for a normal ULMU.

[0136] In the example shown in Figure 14, the OBO (OFDMA random access BackOff) counter of STA1 decreases to 0, and STA1 randomly selects the second RU resource (AID 0, RU2). Also, since the OBO counters of STA2 / 3 are greater than 0, no uplink resources are assigned to STA2 / 3. Furthermore, in Figure 14, STA4 is assigned the RU6 resource without backoff because its own AID (i.e., AID=3) is included in the trigger frame.

[0137] Specifically, in Figure 14, STA1 is an associated STA, so there are a total of 3 eligible RA RUs (RU1, RU2, RU3) for STA1, which reduces STA1's OBO counter by 3 until it reaches 0. Similarly, in Figure 14, STA2 is an associated STA, so there are a total of 3 eligible RA RUs (RU1, RU2, RU3) for STA2, which reduces STA2's OBO counter by 3, but its OBO counter remains greater than 0. Furthermore, in Figure 14, STA3 is an unassociated STA, so there are a total of 2 eligible RA RUs (RU4, RU5) for STA3, which reduces STA3's OBO counter by 2, but its OBO counter remains greater than 0.

[0138] Figure 15 shows an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 2.4 GHz band.

[0139] The 2.4GHz band can be referred to by other names, such as the first band. Furthermore, the 2.4GHz band refers to the frequency range used / supported / defined by channels adjacent to 2.4GHz (for example, channels with center frequencies between 2.4 and 2.5GHz).

[0140] The 2.4GHz band contains numerous 20MHz channels. Within the 2.4GHz band, 20MHz channels can have multiple channel indices (e.g., index 1 to index 14). For example, the center frequency of a 20MHz channel assigned channel index 1 is 2.412GHz, the center frequency of a 20MHz channel assigned channel index 2 is 2.417GHz, and the center frequency of a 20MHz channel assigned channel index N is (2.407 + 0.005 * N)GHz. Channel indices are referred to by various names, such as channel numbers. Specific numerical values ​​for channel indices and center frequencies may change.

[0141] Figure 15 shows four channels within the 2.4 GHz band as an example. The first frequency domain (1510) through the fourth frequency domain (1540) shown can each contain one channel. For example, the first frequency domain (1510) can contain channel 1 (a 20 MHz channel with index 1). In this case, the center frequency of channel 1 is set to 2412 MHz. The second frequency domain (1520) can contain channel 6. In this case, the center frequency of channel 6 is set to 2437 MHz. The third frequency domain (1530) can contain channel 11. In this case, the center frequency of channel 11 is set to 2462 MHz. The fourth frequency domain (1540) can contain channel 14. In this case, the center frequency of channel 14 is set to 2484 MHz.

[0142] Figure 16 shows an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 5GHz band.

[0143] The 5GHz band may be referred to by other names, such as the second band / band. The 5GHz band refers to the frequency domain in which channels with a center frequency between 5GHz and 6GHz (or less than 5.9GHz) are used / supported / defined. Alternatively, the 5GHz band may include multiple channels between 4.5GHz and 5.5GHz. The specific figures shown in Figure 16 are subject to change.

[0144] Multiple channels within the 5GHz band include UNII (Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure)-1, UNII-2, UNII-3, and ISM. UNII-1 can be called UNII Low. UNII-2 can include frequency domains called UNII Mid and UNII-2 Extended. UNII-3 can be called UNII-Upper.

[0145] Within the 5GHz band, multiple channels are configured, and the bandwidth of each channel can be set in various ways, such as 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz, or 160MHz. For example, the 5170MHz to 5330MHz frequency domain / range within UNII-1 and UNII-2 can be divided into eight 20MHz channels. At 5170MHz, the 5330MHz frequency domain / range can be divided into four channels via a 40MHz frequency domain. At 5170MHz, the 5330MHz frequency domain / range can be divided into two channels via an 80MHz frequency domain. Alternatively, at 5170MHz, the 5330MHz frequency domain / range can be divided into one channel via a 160MHz frequency domain.

[0146] Figure 17 shows an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 6GHz band.

[0147] The 6GHz band may be referred to by other names, such as the third band / band. The 6GHz band refers to the frequency domain in which channels with a center frequency of 5.9GHz or higher are used / supported / defined. The specific figures shown in Figure 17 are subject to change.

[0148] For example, the 20MHz channel in Figure 17 is defined starting from 5.940GHz. Specifically, the leftmost channel among the 20MHz channels in Figure 17 can have index 1 (or channel index, channel number, etc.), and its center frequency is assigned to 5.945GHz. That is, the center frequency of index N channel is determined to be (5.940 + 0.005 * N)GHz.

[0149] Therefore, the indices (or channel numbers) for the 20MHz channels in Figure 17 are 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53, 57, 61, 65, 69, 73, 77, 81, 85, 89, 93, 97, 101, 105, 109, 113, 117, 121, 125, 129, 133, 137, 141, 145, 149, 153, 157, 161, 165, 169, 173, 177, 181, 185, 189, 193, 197, 201, 205, 209, 213, 217, 221, 225, 229, and 233. Furthermore, according to the (5.940 + 0.005 * N) GHz rule mentioned above, the indices for the 40 MHz channels in Figure 17 are 3, 11, 19, 27, 35, 43, 51, 59, 67, 75, 83, 91, 99, 107, 115, 123, 131, 139, 147, 155, 163, 171, 179, 187, 195, 203, 211, 219, and 227.

[0150] Figure 17 shows an example with 20, 40, 80, and 160 MHz channels, but 240 MHz and 320 MHz channels will be added.

[0151] The following describes the PPDUs transmitted / received in the STA of this specification.

[0152] Figure 18 shows an example of a PPDU used in this specification.

[0153] The PPDU in Figure 18 is referred to by various names, such as EHT PPDU, transmit PPDU, receive PPDU, first type, or nth type PPDU. For example, in this specification, PPDU or EHT PPDU is referred to by various names, such as transmit PPDU, receive PPDU, first type, or nth type PPDU. Also, EHT PPU is used in EHT systems and / or new wireless LAN systems that improve upon EHT systems.

[0154] The PPDU in Figure 18 can represent some or all of the PPDU types used in an EHT system. For example, the example in Figure 18 is used for both SU (Single-User) mode and MU (Multi-User) mode. Also, the PPDU in Figure 18 is for one receiving STA or multiple receiving STAs. When the PPDU in Figure 18 is used for TB (Trigger-Based) mode, the EHT-SIG in Figure 18 is omitted. Furthermore, an STA that has received a trigger frame for UL-MU (UpLink-MU) communication can transmit a PPDU in the example in Figure 18 with the EHT-SIG omitted.

[0155] In Figure 18, the L-STF to EHT-LTF sequence is called a preamble or physical preamble, and is generated / transmitted / received / acquired / decoded in the physical layer.

[0156] In Figure 18, the subcarrier spacing for the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG fields is determined to be 312.5 kHz, while the subcarrier spacing for the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and Data fields is determined to be 78.125 kHz. That is, the tone index (or subcarrier index) for the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and EHT-SIG fields can be displayed in units of 312.5 kHz, and the tone index (or subcarrier index) for the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and Data fields can be displayed in units of 78.125 kHz.

[0157] In the PPDU shown in Figure 18, L-LTF and L-STF are the same as in the conventional field.

[0158] The L-SIG field in Figure 18 can contain, for example, 24 bits of bit information. For example, the 24 bits of information can include a 4-bit Rate field, a 1-bit Reserved bit, a 12-bit Length field, a 1-bit ParitY bit, and a 6-bit Tail bit. For example, the 12-bit Length field can contain information about the length or time duration of the PPDU. For example, the value of the 12-bit Length field is determined based on the type of PPDU. For example, if the PPDU is a non-HT, HT, VHT PPDU or EHT PPDU, the value of the Length field can be determined as a multiple of 3. For example, if the PPDU is an HE PPDU, the value of the Length field can be determined as a multiple of 3 + 1 or a multiple of 3 + 2. Additionally, for non-HT, HT, VHT PPDU, or EHT PPDU, the value of the Length field is determined to be a multiple of 3, and for HE PPDU, the value of the Length field is determined to be a multiple of 3 + 1 or a multiple of 3 + 2.

[0159] For example, the transmitting STA can apply BCC encoding based on a code rate of 1 / 2 to the 24 bits of information in the L-SIG field. Subsequently, the transmitting STA can obtain 48 bits of BCC encoded data. BPSK modulation is applied to these 48 bits to generate 48 BPSK symbols. The transmitting STA can map these 48 BPSK symbols to positions excluding the pilot subcarrier {subcarrier indices -21, -7, +7, +21} and the DC subcarrier {subcarrier index 0}. As a result, the 48 BPSK symbols are mapped to subcarrier indices -26 to -22, -20 to -8, -6 to -1, +1 to +6, +8 to +20, and +22 to +26. The transmitting STA can further map the signals {-1,-1,-1,1} to subcarrier indices {-28, -27, +27, 28}. The above signal is used for channel estimation for the frequency domains corresponding to {-28, -27, +27, 28}.

[0160] The transmitting STA can generate an RL-SIG, which is generated similarly to the L-SIG. BPSK modulation is applied to the RL-SIG. The receiving STA can determine that the received PPDU is either an HE PPDU or an EHT PPDU based on the presence of the RL-SIG.

[0161] After the RL-SIG in Figure 18, a U-SIG (Universal SIG) is inserted. The U-SIG can be called by various names such as the first SIG field, first SIG, first type SIG, control signal, control signal field, and first (type) control signal.

[0162] A U-SIG can contain N bits of information and may include information to identify the type of EHT PPDU. For example, a U-SIG is composed of two symbols (e.g., two consecutive OFDM symbols). Each symbol for the U-SIG (e.g., an OFDM symbol) can have a duration of 4 us. Each symbol of the U-SIG is used to transmit 26 bits of information. For example, each symbol of the U-SIG is transmitted and received based on 52 data tones and 4 pilot tones.

[0163] Through a U-SIG (or U-SIG field), for example, A-bit information (e.g., 52 uncoded bits) can be transmitted, with the first symbol of the U-SIG transmitting the first X bits of the total A-bit information (e.g., 26 uncoded bits), and the second symbol of the U-SIG transmitting the remaining Y bits of the total A-bit information (e.g., 26 uncoded bits). For example, a transmitting STA can obtain the 26 uncoded bits contained in each U-SIG symbol. The transmitting STA can perform convolutional encoding (i.e., BCC encoding) based on a rate of R=1 / 2 to generate 52-coded bits and perform interleaving on the 52-coded bits. The transmitting STA can perform BPSK modulation on the interleaved 52-coded bits to generate 52 BPSK symbols to be assigned to each U-SIG symbol. A single U-SIG symbol is transmitted based on 56 tones (subcarriers) from subcarrier index -28 to subcarrier index +28, excluding DC index 0. The 52 BPSK symbols generated by the transmitting STA are transmitted based on the remaining tones (subcarriers), excluding the pilot tones -21, -7, +7, and +21.

[0164] For example, the A-bit information transmitted by the U-SIG (e.g., 52 uncoded bits) may include a CRC field (e.g., a 4-bit field) and a tail field (e.g., a 6-bit field). The CRC field and tail field are transmitted via the second symbol of the U-SIG. The CRC field is generated based on the 26 bits assigned to the first symbol of the U-SIG and the remaining 16 bits in the second symbol excluding the CRC / tail field, and is generated based on a conventional CRC calculation algorithm. The tail field is used to terminate the trellis of the convolutional decoder and is set to, for example, "000000".

[0165] The A-bit information (e.g., 52 uncoded bits) transmitted by a U-SIG (or U-SIG field) can be divided into version-independent bits and version-dependent bits. For example, the size of the version-independent bits can be fixed or variable. For example, the version-independent bits may be assigned only to the first symbol of the U-SIG, or they may be assigned to both the first and second symbols of the U-SIG. For example, the version-independent bits and version-dependent bits may be referred to by various names, such as the first control bits and the second control bits.

[0166] For example, the version-independent bits of the U-SIG can include a 3-bit PHY version identifier. For example, the 3-bit PHY version identifier can include information related to the PHY version of the transmitted and received PPDUs. For example, the first value of the 3-bit PHY version identifier can indicate that the transmitted and received PPDUs are EHT PPDUs. Also, when transmitting an EHT PPDU, the transmitting STA can set the 3-bit PHY version identifier to the first value. Also, the receiving STA can determine that the received PPDU is an EHT PPDU based on the PHY version identifier with the first value.

[0167] For example, the version-independent bits of a U-SIG may include a 1-bit UL / DL flag field. The first value of the 1-bit UL / DL flag field is related to UL communication, and the second value of the UL / DL flag field is related to DL communication.

[0168] For example, the version-independent bits of the U-SIG can contain information about the length of the TXOP and information about the BSS color ID.

[0169] For example, if an EHT PPDU can be divided into various types (e.g., EHT PPDUs related to SU mode, EHT PPDUs related to MU mode, EHT PPDUs related to TB mode, EHT PPDUs related to Extended Range transmission, etc.), then information regarding the type of EHT PPDU will be included in the version-dependent bits of the U-SIG.

[0170] For example, a U-SIG may include information about: 1) a bandwidth field containing information about bandwidth; 2) a field containing information about the MCS technology applied to the EHT-SIG; 3) an indicator field containing information related to whether or not Dual Subcarrier Modulation (DCM) technology is applied to the EHT-SIG; 4) a field containing information about the number of symbols used for the EHT-SIG; 5) a field containing information about whether or not the EHT-SIG is generated across the entire bandwidth; 6) a field containing information about the type of EHT-LTF / STF; and 7) fields indicating the length of the EHT-LTF and the CP length.

[0171] Preamble puncturing is applied to the PPDU in Figure 18. Preamble puncturing means applying puncturing to a portion of the PPDU's overall bandwidth (for example, a secondary 20MHz bandwidth). For example, if an 80MHz PPDU is transmitted, the STA will apply puncturing to the secondary 20MHz bandwidth of the 80MHz band, allowing the PPDU to be transmitted only through the primary 20MHz and secondary 40MHz bandwidths.

[0172] For example, preamble puncturing patterns are pre-set. For example, if the first puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing is applied only to the secondary 20MHz band within the 80MHz band. For example, if the second puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing is applied to only one of the two secondary 20MHz bands contained within the secondary 40MHz band within the 80MHz band. For example, if the third puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing is applied only to the secondary 20MHz band contained within the primary 80MHz band within the 160MHz band (or 80+80MHz band). For example, if the fourth puncturing pattern is applied, the primary 40MHz band contained within the primary 80MHz band is present within the 160MHz band (or 80+80MHz band), and puncturing is applied to at least one 20MHz channel that does not belong to the primary 40MHz band.

[0173] Information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU is included in the U-SIG and / or EHT-SIG. For example, the first field of the U-SIG may include information regarding the contiguous bandwidth of the PPDU, and the second field of the U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU.

[0174] For example, U-SIGs and EHT-SIGs can include information about preamble puncturing based on the following method: If the bandwidth of the PPDU exceeds 80 MHz, the U-SIGs are configured individually in 80 MHz units. For example, if the bandwidth of the PPDU is 160 MHz, the PPDU includes a first U-SIG for the first 80 MHz band and a second U-SIG for the second 80 MHz band. In this case, the first field of the first U-SIG contains information about the 160 MHz bandwidth, and the second field of the first U-SIG can include information about preamble puncturing applied to the first 80 MHz band (i.e., information about the preamble puncturing pattern). Also, the first field of the second U-SIG contains information about the 160 MHz bandwidth, and the second field of the second U-SIG can include information about preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (i.e., information about the preamble puncturing pattern). On the other hand, an EHT-SIG following the first U-SIG may contain information about preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (i.e., information about the preamble puncturing pattern), and an EHT-SIG following the second U-SIG may contain information about preamble puncturing applied to the first 80 MHz band (i.e., information about the preamble puncturing pattern).

[0175] Furthermore, or alternatively, the U-SIG and EHT-SIG may include information about preamble puncturing based on the following methods: The U-SIG may include information about preamble puncturing for all bands (i.e., information about the preamble puncturing pattern). That is, the EHT-SIG may not include information about preamble puncturing, and only the U-SIG may include information about preamble puncturing (i.e., information about the preamble puncturing pattern).

[0176] U-SIGs are configured in 20MHz units. For example, when an 80MHz PPDU is configured, the U-SIGs are duplicated; that is, the 80MHz PPDU contains four identical U-SIGs. PPDUs with a bandwidth exceeding 80MHz can contain different U-SIGs.

[0177] U-SIGs are configured in 20MHz units. For example, when an 80MHz PPDU is configured, the U-SIGs are duplicated; that is, the 80MHz PPDU contains four identical U-SIGs. PPDUs with a bandwidth exceeding 80MHz can contain different U-SIGs.

[0178] The EHT-SIG in Figure 18 may include control information for the receiving STA. The EHT-SIG is transmitted via at least one symbol, which may have a length of 4 us. Information regarding the number of symbols used for the EHT-SIG is included in the U-SIG.

[0179] EHT-SIG includes the technical features of HE-SIG-B as described in Figures 8 and 9. For example, EHT-SIG can include common fields and user-specific fields, similar to the example in Figure 8. Common fields in EHT-SIG are omitted, and the number of user-specific fields is determined based on the number of users.

[0180] Similar to the example in Figure 8, the common fields and user-specific fields of the EHT-SIG are coded separately. A single user block field within a user-specific field can contain information for two users, while the last user block field within a user-specific field can contain information for one user. In other words, a single user block field in an EHT-SIG can contain a maximum of two user fields. Similar to the example in Figure 9, each user field is either related to MU-MIMO assignment or non-MU-MIMO assignment.

[0181] Similar to the example in Figure 8, the common field of the EHT-SIG may include a CRC bit and a Tail bit, with the length of the CRC bit determined to be 4 bits and the length of the Tail bit determined to be 6 bits and set to "000000".

[0182] Similar to the example in Figure 8, the common fields of the EHT-SIG can include RU allocation information. RU allocation information refers to information about the location of RUs to which multiple users (i.e., multiple receiving STAs) are allocated. RU allocation information is composed of 8-bit (or N-bit) units, as in Table 1.

[0183] Tables 5 through 7 show examples of 8-bit (or N-bit) information for various RU allocations. Each table and the displayed index are modifiable, and some entries in Tables 5 through 7 may be omitted, while other entries that are not displayed may be added.

[0184] Tables 5 through 7 provide examples related to information regarding the location of RUs allocated to the 20MHz band. For example, "Index 0" in Table 5 is used in a situation where nine 26RUs are allocated individually (for example, the situation shown in Figure 5 where nine 26RUs are allocated individually).

[0185] On the other hand, in the EHT system, multiple RUs can be assigned to a single STA. For example, in "Index 60" in Table 6, one 26RU is assigned to one user (i.e., a receiving STA) at the left end of the 20MHz band, one 26RU and one 52RU are assigned to other users (i.e., receiving STAs) to its right, and five 26RUs are individually assigned to the right of those.

[0186] [Table 5]

[0187] [Table 6]

[0188] [Table 7]

[0189] A mode in which the common field of the EHT-SIG is omitted is supported. This mode in which the common field of the EHT-SIG is omitted can be called compressed mode. When compressed mode is used, multiple users of the EHT PPDU (i.e., multiple receiving STAs) can decode the PPDU (e.g., the data field of the PPDU) based on non-OFDMA. That is, multiple users of the EHT PPDU can decode the PPDU (e.g., the data field of the PPDU) received over the same frequency band. On the other hand, when non-compressed mode is used, multiple users of the EHT PPDU can decode the PPDU (e.g., the data field of the PPDU) based on OFDMA. That is, multiple users of the EHT PPDU can receive the PPDU (e.g., the data field of the PPDU) over different frequency bands.

[0190] The EHT-SIG is constructed based on various MCS techniques. As mentioned above, information related to the MCS techniques applied to the EHT-SIG is included in the U-SIG. The EHT-SIG is constructed based on DCM techniques. For example, of the N data tones allocated for the EHT-SIG (e.g., 52 data tones), the first modulation technique is applied to half of the consecutive tones, and the second modulation technique is applied to the remaining half of the consecutive tones. That is, the transmitting STA can modulate specific control information to a first symbol based on the first modulation technique and assign it to half of the consecutive tones, and modulate the same control information to a second symbol based on the second modulation technique and assign it to the remaining half of the consecutive tones. As mentioned above, information related to whether or not DCM techniques are applied to the EHT-SIG (e.g., a 1-bit field) is included in the U-SIG. The EHT-STF in Figure 18 is used to improve automatic gain control estimation in a MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) environment or an OFDMA environment. The EHT-LTF in Figure 18 is used to estimate the channel in a MIMO or OFDMA environment.

[0191] The EHT-STF in Figure 18 can be configured in various types. For example, the first type of STF (i.e., 1x STF) is generated based on a first-type STF sequence in which non-zero coefficients are placed in 16 subcarrier intervals. The STF signal generated based on the first-type STF sequence can have a period of 0.8 μs, and a 0.8 μs periodic signal becomes a first-type STF with a length of 4 μs, repeated 5 times. For example, the second type of STF (i.e., 2x STF) is generated based on a second-type STF sequence in which non-zero coefficients are placed in 8 subcarrier intervals. The STF signal generated based on the second-type STF sequence can have a period of 1.6 μs, and a 1.6 μs periodic signal becomes a second-type EHT-STF with a length of 8 μs, repeated 5 times. Below, an example of a sequence for constructing an EHT-STF (i.e., an EHT-STF sequence) is presented. The following sequence can be modified in various ways.

[0192] EHT-STF is constructed based on the following M sequence.

[0193] [Formula 1] M={-1,-1,-1,1,1,1,-1,1,1,1,-1,1,1,-1,1}

[0194] The EHT-STF for a 20MHz PPDU is constructed based on the following formula. The following example is a first-type (i.e., 1x STF) sequence. For example, a first-type sequence is included in an EHT-PPDU that is not a TB (Trigger-Based) PPDU. In the following formula, (a:b:c) means an interval defined as b tone intervals (i.e., subcarrier intervals) from a tone index (i.e., subcarrier index) to c tone index. For example, formula 2 below can represent a sequence defined as 16 tone intervals from tone index -112 to index 112. Since a subcarrier spacing of 78.125kHz is applied to the EHT-STF, 16 tone intervals mean that the EHT-STF coefficient (or element) is placed in an interval of 78.125*16=1250kHz. Also, * means multiplication and sqrt() means square root.

[0195] [Formula 2] EHT-STF(-112:16:112)={M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0196] EHT-STF(0)=0

[0197] The EHT-STF for a 40MHz PPDU is constructed based on the following formula. The following example is a first-type (i.e., 1x STF) sequence.

[0198] [Formula 3] EHT-STF(-240:16:240)={M,0,-M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0199] The EHT-STF for an 80MHz PPDU is constructed based on the following formula. The following example is a first-type (i.e., 1x STF) sequence.

[0200] [Equation 4] EHT-STF(-496:16:496)={M,1,-M,0,-M,1,-M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0201] The EHT-STF for a 160MHz PPDU is constructed based on the following formula. The following example is a first-type (i.e., 1x STF) sequence.

[0202] [Formula 5] EHT-STF(-1008:16:1008)={M,1,-M,0,-M,1,-M,0,-M,-1,M,0,-M,1,-M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0203] For an 80+80MHz PPDU, the sequence for the lower 80MHz of the EHT-STF is the same as in Equation 4. For an 80+80MHz PPDU, the sequence for the upper 80MHz of the EHT-STF is constructed based on the following formula.

[0204] [Formula 6] EHT-STF(-496:16:496)={-M,-1,M,0,-M,1,-M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0205] Equations 7 through 11 below relate to an example of a second-type (i.e., 2x STF) sequence.

[0206] [Equation 7] EHT-STF(-120:8:120)={M,0,-M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0207] The EHT-STF for 40MHz PPDU is constructed based on the following formula.

[0208] [Equation 8] EHT-STF(-248:8:248)={M,-1,-M,0,M,-1,M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0209] EHT-STF(-248)=0

[0210] EHT-STF(248)=0

[0211] The EHT-STF for 80MHz PPDU is constructed based on the following formula.

[0212] [Formula 9] EHT-STF(-504:8:504)={M,-1,M,-1,-M,-1,M,0,-M,1,M,1,-M,1,-M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0213] The EHT-STF for 160MHz PPDU is constructed based on the following formula:

[0214] [Formula 10] EHT-STF(-1016:16:1016)={M,-1,M,-1,-M,-1,M,0,-M,1,M,1,-M,1,-M,0,-M,1,-M,1,M,1,-M,0,-M,1,M,1,-M,1,-M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0215] EHT-STF(-8)=0, EHT-STF(8)=0,

[0216] EHT-STF(-1016)=0,EHT-STF(1016)=0

[0217] For an 80+80MHz PPDU, the sequence for the lower 80MHz of the EHT-STF is the same as in equation 9. For an 80+80MHz PPDU, the sequence for the upper 80MHz of the EHT-STF is constructed based on the following equation.

[0218] [Equation 11] EHT-STF(-504:8:504)={-M,1,-M,1,M,1,-M,0,-M,1,M,1,-M,1,-M}*(1+j) / sqrt(2)

[0219] EHT-STF(-504)=0,

[0220] EHT-STF(504)=0

[0221] EHT-LTFs can have first, second, and third types (i.e., 1x, 2x, and 4x LTFs). For example, first / second / third type LTFs are generated based on LTF sequences in which non-zero coefficients are placed in 4 / 2 / 1 subcarrier intervals. First / second / third type LTFs can have time lengths of 3.2 / 6.4 / 12.8 μs. In addition, first / second / third type LTFs can be applied to GIs of various lengths (e.g., 0.8 / 1 / 6 / 3.2 μs).

[0222] Information regarding the type of STF and / or LTF (including information regarding GI applicable to the LTF) is contained in the SIG A field and / or SIG B field in Figure 18, etc.

[0223] The PPDU in Figure 18 (i.e., EHT-PPDU) is constructed based on the examples in Figures 5 and 6.

[0224] For example, an EHT PPDU transmitted over a 20MHz bandwidth, i.e., a 20MHz EHT PPDU, is constructed based on the RUs shown in Figure 5. That is, the locations of the RUs for the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and data fields included in the EHT PPDU are determined as shown in Figure 5.

[0225] An EHT PPDU transmitted over the 40MHz bandwidth, i.e., a 40MHz EHT PPDU, is constructed based on the RUs shown in Figure 6. That is, the location of the RUs for the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF, and data field included in the EHT PPDU is determined as shown in Figure 6.

[0226] Since the RU position in Figure 6 corresponds to 40MHz, repeating the pattern in Figure 6 twice will determine the tone plan for 80MHz. In other words, the 80MHz EHT PPDU is transmitted based on a new tone plan in which the RU in Figure 6 (which is not the RU in Figure 7) is repeated twice.

[0227] If the pattern in Figure 6 is repeated twice, the DC region will consist of 23 tones (i.e., 11 guard tones + 12 guard tones). That is, a tone plan for an 80MHz EHT PPDU allocated based on OFDMA can have 23 DC tones. On the other hand, an 80MHz EHT PPDU allocated based on Non-OFDMA (i.e., a non-OFDMA full bandwidth 80MHz PPDU) can be configured based on 996RU and may include 5 DC tones, 12 left-side guard tones, and 11 right-side guard tones.

[0228] The tone plan for 160 / 240 / 320MHz consists of the pattern shown in Figure 6 repeated many times.

[0229] The PPDU in Figure 18 is identified as an EHT PPDU based on the following method.

[0230] The receiving STA can determine the type of the received PPDU as an EHT PPDU based on the following: For example, if 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal of the received PPDU is BPSK, 2) an RL-SIG (a repeating L-SIG) is detected in the received PPDU, and 3) the result of applying "modulo3" to the value of the Length field of the L-SIG of the received PPDU is detected as "0", then the received PPDU is determined to be an EHT PPDU. If the received PPDU is determined to be an EHT PPDU, the receiving STA can detect the type of the EHT PPDU (e.g., SU / MU / Trigger-Based / Extended Range type) based on the bit information contained in the symbols after the RL-SIG in Figure 18. Furthermore, the receiving STA can determine that the received PPDU is an EHT PPDU based on 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal which is BSPK, 2) the RL-SIG which is continuous with the L-SIG field and is the same as the L-SIG, and 3) the L-SIG which includes the Length field where the result of applying "modulo3" is set to "0".

[0231] For example, a receiving STA can determine the type of a received PPDU as an HE PPDU based on the following: For example, if 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal is BPSK, 2) an RL-SIG (where L-SIG is repeated) is detected, and 3) the result of applying "modulo3" to the Length value of L-SIG is detected as "1" or "2", then the received PPDU is determined to be an HE PPDU.

[0232] For example, the receiving STA can determine the type of the received PPDU as non-HT, HT, or VHT PPDU based on the following: For example, if 1) the first symbol after the L-LTF signal is BPSK, and 2) no RL-SIG (where L-SIG is repeated) is detected, the received PPDU is determined to be non-HT, HT, or VHT PPDU. Also, even if the receiving STA detects a repetition of RL-SIG, if the result of applying "modulo3" to the Length value of L-SIG is detected as "0", the received PPDU is determined to be non-HT, HT, or VHT PPDU.

[0233] In the following example, signals such as (transmit / receive / up / down) signal, (transmit / receive / up / down) frame, (transmit / receive / up / down) packet, (transmit / receive / up / down) data unit, and (transmit / receive / up / down) data are signals transmitted and received based on the PPDU in Figure 18. The PPDU in Figure 18 is used to transmit and receive various types of frames. For example, the PPDU in Figure 18 is used for control frames. An example of a control frame may include RTS (Request To Send), CTS (Clear To Send), PS-Poll (Power Save-Poll), Block ACK Req, Block ACK, NDP (Null Data Packet) announcement, and Trigger frame. For example, the PPDU in Figure 18 is used for management frames. An example of a management frame may include Beacon frame, (Re-)Association request frame, (Re-)Association response frame, Probe request frame, and Probe response frame. For example, the PPDU in Figure 18 is used for data frames. For example, the PPDU in Figure 18 may be used to transmit at least two or more of the following simultaneously: control frames, management frames, and data frames.

[0234] Figure 19 shows a modified example of the transmitting and / or receiving apparatus described herein.

[0235] Each device / STA in Figures 1(a) / (b) is modified as shown in Figure 19. The transceiver (630) in Figure 19 is the same as the transceivers (113, 123) in Figure 1. The transceiver (630) in Figure 19 may include a receiver and a transmitter.

[0236] The processor (610) in Figure 19 is the same as the processors (111, 121) in Figure 1. Alternatively, the processor (610) in Figure 19 is the same as the processor chips (114, 124) in Figure 1.

[0237] The memory (150) in Figure 19 is the same as the memory (112, 122) in Figure 1. Alternatively, the memory (150) in Figure 19 is a different external memory than the memory (112, 122) in Figure 1.

[0238] Referring to Figure 19, the power management module (611) manages power to the processor (610) and / or transceiver (630). The battery (612) supplies power to the power management module (611). The display (613) outputs the results processed by the processor (610). The keypad (614) receives inputs used by the processor (610). The keypad (614) can be displayed on the display (613). The SIM card (615) is an integrated circuit used to securely store the IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) and associated keys used to identify and authenticate subscribers in mobile phone devices such as mobile phones and computers.

[0239] Referring to Figure 19, the speaker (640) can output results related to the sound processed by the processor (610). The microphone (641) can receive inputs related to the sound used by the processor (610).

[0240] 1.802.11ax Wireless LAN System Tone Plan

[0241] In this specification, "tone plan" refers to the rules that determine the size and / or location of a Resource Unit (RU). Below, we describe the tone plan applicable to PPDUs under the IEEE 802.11ax standard, i.e., HE PPDUs. We also describe the RU size and location applicable to HE PPDUs, and the control information related to RUs applicable to HE PPDUs.

[0242] In this specification, control information related to a RU (or control information related to a tone plan) may include control information regarding the size of the RU, its location, information about the User STA assigned to a particular RU, the frequency bandwidth for the PPDU containing the RU, and / or the modulation technique applied to a particular RU. The control information related to the RU is contained in the SIG field. For example, in the IEEE 802.11ax standard, the control information related to the RU is contained in the HE-SIG-B field. That is, a transmitting STA can include control information about the RU contained in the PPDU in the HE-SIG-B field during the process of generating a transmitting PPDU. A receiving STA can also receive the HE-SIG-B contained in a received PPDU, obtain the control information contained in the HE-SIG-B, determine if there is an RU assigned to the receiving STA, and decode the assigned RU based on the HE-SIG-B.

[0243] In the IEEE 802.11ax standard, the HE-STF, HE-LTF, and Data fields are configured in units of RU (Routing Unit). That is, when a first RU is set for a first receiving STA, the STF / LTF / Data fields for the first receiving STA are transmitted and received via the first RU.

[0244] The IEEE 802.11ax standard defines separate PPDUs for a single receiving STA (i.e., SU PPDU) and for multiple receiving STAs (i.e., MU PPDU), and each has its own defined tone plan. The specific details are explained below.

[0245] A RU as defined in 11ax can contain multiple subcarriers. For example, if an RU contains N subcarriers, it can be expressed as an N-tone RU or NRU. The location of a particular RU can be expressed using a subcarrier index. The subcarrier index is defined in units of subcarrier frequency spacing. In the 11ax standard, the subcarrier frequency spacing is 312.5 kHz or 78.125 kHz, and the subcarrier frequency spacing for an RU is 78.125 kHz. That is, subcarrier index +1 for an RU means a location 78.125 kHz higher than the DC tone, and subcarrier index -1 for an RU means a location 78.125 kHz lower than the DC tone. For example, if the location of a particular RU is expressed as [-121:-96], the RU is located in the region from subcarrier index -121 to subcarrier index -96, and consequently, the RU can contain 26 subcarriers.

[0246] The N-tone RU can include a pre-set pilot tone.

[0247] 2. Null subcarriers and pilot subcarriers

[0248] This document describes subcarriers and resource allocation in 802.11ax systems.

[0249] OFDM symbols are composed of subcarriers, and the number of subcarriers can function as the bandwidth of the PPDU. In a wireless LAN 802.11 system, data subcarriers used for data transmission, pilot subcarriers used for phase information and parameter tracking, and unused subcarriers not used for data transmission or pilot transmission are defined.

[0250] HE MU PPDUs using OFDMA transmission are transmitted as a mixture of 26-tone RU, 52-tone RU, 106-tone RU, 242-tone RU, 484-tone RU, and 996-tone RU.

[0251] Here, a 26-tone RU consists of 24 data subcarriers and 2 pilot subcarriers. A 52-tone RU consists of 48 data subcarriers and 4 pilot subcarriers. A 106-tone RU consists of 102 data subcarriers and 4 pilot subcarriers. A 242-tone RU consists of 234 data subcarriers and 8 pilot subcarriers. A 484-tone RU consists of 468 data subcarriers and 16 pilot subcarriers. A 996-tone RU consists of 980 data subcarriers and 16 pilot subcarriers.

[0252] 1) Null subcarrier

[0253] As shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, there are null sub-carriers between the positions of 26-tone RU, 52-tone RU, and 106-tone RU. The null sub-carriers are located around the DC or edge tones to protect against transmit center frequency leakage, receiver DC offset, and interference from adjacent RUs. The null sub-carriers have zero energy. The indices of the null sub-carriers are enumerated as follows.

[0254]

Table 8

[0255] The positions of the null sub-carriers for each 80 MHz frequency segment of the 80 + 80 MHz HE PPDU need to follow the positions of the 80 MHz HE PPDU.

[0256] 2) Pilot sub-carriers

[0257] If pilot sub-carriers are present in the HE-LTF field of the HE SU PPDU, HE MU PPDU, HE ER SU PPDU, or HE TB PPDU, the positions of the pilot sequences in the HE-LTF field and the data field are the same as those of the 4x HE-LTF. In the 1x HE-LTF, the positions of the pilot sequences in the HE-LTF are composed of pilot sub-carriers for the data field multiplied by 4. When pilot sub-carriers are present in the 2x HE-LTF, the positions of the pilot sub-carriers need to be the same as those of the pilots in the 4x data symbols. All pilot sub-carriers are located at the even indices enumerated as follows.

[0258]

Table 9

[0259]

Table 10

[0260] At 160 MHz or 80 + 80 MHz, the positions of the pilot subcarriers need to use the same 80 MHz positions for both 80 MHz on both sides.

[0261] 3. HE transmission procedure and phase rotation

[0262] In an 802.11ax wireless LAN system, the transmission procedures in the PHY (Physical) include the transmission procedure for the HE SU (Single User) PPDU, the transmission procedure for the HE ER (Extended Range) SU PPDU, the transmission procedure for the HE MU (Multi User) PPDU, and the transmission procedure for the HE TB (trigger - Based) PPDU. The FORMAT field of the PHY - TXSTART.request (TXVECTOR) is the same as HE_SU, HE_MU, HE_ER_SU, or HE_TB. The above - mentioned transmission procedures do not describe the operation of optional features such as DCM (Dual Carrier Modulation). Among the above - mentioned various transmission procedures, Figure 21 shows only the PHY transmission procedure for the HE SU PPDU.

[0263] Figure 20 shows an example of the PHY transmission procedure for the HE SU PPDU.

[0264] To transmit data, MAC generates a PHY-TXSTART.requestprimitive that causes the PHY entity to enter a transmit state. The PHY is also configured to operate at the appropriate frequency via station management through PLME. Other transmit parameters such as HE-MCS, coding type, and transmit power are set via PHY-SAP using the PHY-TXSTART.request(TXVECTOR)primitive. After transmitting the PPDU that carries the trigger frame, the MAC sublayer can issue a PHY-TRIGGER.request with the TRIGVECTOR parameter, which provides the information necessary to demodulate the expected HE TB PPDU response to the PHY entity.

[0265] The PHY indicates the state of the primary channel and other channels via PHY-CCA.indication. PPDU transmission must be initiated by the PHY after receiving PHY-TXSTART.request(TXVECTOR)primitive.

[0266] Once the PHY preamble transmission begins, the PHY entity immediately starts data scrambling and data encoding. The encoding method for data fields is based on the TXVECTOR's FEC_CODING, CH_BANDWIDTH, NUM_STS, STBC, MCS, and NUM_USERS parameters.

[0267] The SERVICE field and PSDU are encoded in the transmitter block diagram described later. Data must be exchanged between the MAC and the PHY via a series of PHY-DATA.request(DATA) primitives issued by the MAC and PHY-DATA.confirm primitives issued by the PHY. PHY padding bits are appended to the PSDU to make the number of bits in the coded PSDU an integer multiple of the number of bits coded per OFDM symbol.

[0268] Transmission is terminated early by MAC via the PHY-TXEND.request primitive. PSDU transmission is terminated upon receiving the PHY-TXEND.request primitive. Each PHY-TXEND.request primitive can indicate that it was received from the PHY along with the PHY-TXEND.confirm primitive.

[0269] Packet extensions and / or signal extensions can exist in a PPDU. The PHY-TXEND.confirm primitive is generated at the actual end time, packet extension end time, and signal extension end time of the most recent PPDU.

[0270] In PHY, the GI (Guard Interval) specified by the GI_TYPE parameter of TXVECTOR, along with the GI duration, is inserted into all data OFDM symbols as a countermeasure against delay spread.

[0271] Once PPDU transmission is complete, the PHY entity will enter the receiving state.

[0272] FIG. 21 shows an example of a transmitter block diagram for generating each field of a HE PPDU.

[0273] The following block diagram is used to generate each field of the HE PPDU.

[0274] a) pre-FEC PHY padding

[0275] b) Scrambler

[0276] c) FEC (BCC or LDPC) encoders

[0277] d) post-FEC PHY padding

[0278] e) Stream parser

[0279] f) Segment parser (for contiguous 160 MHz and non-contiguous 80 + 80 MHz transmission)

[0280] g) BCC interleaver

[0281] h) Constellation mapper

[0282] i) DCM tone mapper

[0283] j) Pilot insertion

[0284] k) Replication over multiple 20 MHz (for BW > 20 MHz)

[0285] l) Multiplication by 1 st column of P HE-LTF

[0286] m) LDPC tone mapper

[0287] n) Segment deparser

[0288] o)Space time block code(STBC)encoder for one Spatial Stream

[0289] p)Cyclic shift diversity(CSD)per STS insertion

[0290] q) Spatial mapper

[0291] r) Frequency mapping

[0292] s)Inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT)

[0293] f)Cyclic shift diversity(CSD)per chain insertion

[0294] u) Guard interval (GI) insertion

[0295] v) Windowing

[0296] Figure 21 shows a transmitter block diagram used to generate the data field of an HE SU (Single User) PPDU transmitted in the 160 MHz band with LDPC encoding applied. If the transmitter block diagram is used to generate the data field of an HE SU PPDU transmitted in the 80+80 MHz band, the segment deparser is not performed as shown in Figure 21. That is, when the segment parser is divided into an 80 MHz band and another 80 MHz band, a transmitter block diagram is used for each 80 MHz band.

[0297] Referring to Figure 21, the data field (or data bit sequence) is encoded into an LDPC encoder. The data bit sequence input to the LDPC encoder is scrambled by a scrambler.

[0298] The data bit sequence encoded by the LDPC encoder described above is divided into multiple spatial streams by a stream parser. At this point, the encoded data bit sequence divided into each spatial stream can be called a spatial block. The number of spatial blocks is determined by the number of spatial streams used for transmission by the PPDU and is set in the same way as the number of spatial streams.

[0299] Each spatial block is divided into at least one data fragment by a segment parser. When a data field is transmitted in a 160 MHz band as shown in Figure 22, the 160 MHz band is divided into two 80 MHz bands, and each 80 MHz band is divided into a first data fragment and a second data fragment. Thereafter, the first and second data fragments are constellation mapped to the respective 80 MHz bands, resulting in an LDPC mapping.

[0300] In HE MU transmission, Cyclic Shift Diversity (CSD) is performed with knowledge of the spatial-time stream start index for the relevant user; otherwise, the PPDU encoding processor runs independently in the Resource Unit (RU) for each user up to the input of the spatial mapping block. All user data in the RU is combined and mapped into the transmission chain of the spatial mapping block.

[0301] In 802.11ax, phase rotation is applied to the fields from the legacy preamble to just before the HE-STF, and the phase rotation value is defined in 20MHz increments. That is, among the HE PPDU fields defined in 802.11ax, phase rotation is applied to L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, HE-SIG-A, and HE-SIG-B.

[0302] The L-STF of HE PPDU is configured as follows:

[0303] [Table 11]

[0304] [Table 12]

[0305] The L-LTF of HE PPDU is structured as follows:

[0306] [Table 13]

[0307] The L-SIG of the HE PPDU is configured as follows:

[0308] [Table 14]

[0309] [Table 15]

[0310] The RL-SIG of the HE PPDU is configured as follows:

[0311] [Table 16]

[0312] [Table 17]

[0313] 4. Examples applicable to this specification

[0314] Wireless LAN 802.11 systems consider using wider bandwidth than existing 11ax or transmitting increased streams using more antennas to increase peak throughput. This specification also considers methods of aggregating multiple links or aggregating multiple RUs and assigning them to a single STA for transmission.

[0315] This specification considers a method for assigning and transmitting multiple Resource Units (RUs) to a single STA, and proposes methods for aggregating RUs across various bandwidths. In particular, it focuses on proposing a method for aggregating small RUs.

[0316] In the existing 802.11ax standard, OFDMA transmission was introduced, and a method was considered in which only one RU was assigned to a single STA for transmission. In this case, some RUs may not be available for transmission, resulting in spectral loss, and the use of fixed RUs has drawbacks in terms of efficiency. Therefore, in 802.11be, a method of assigning multiple RUs to a single STA for transmission is considered in order to improve efficiency and efficient spectral use. In this specification, several principles and various combinations for RU aggregation are proposed in connection with this.

[0317] The various sizes of RU proposed in 802.11ax are as follows:

[0318] 26 / 52 / 106 / 242 / 484 / 996 / 2x996RU

[0319] In this specification, tones with less than 242 RU are assumed to be small-RUs, and tones with more than 242 RU are assumed to be large-RUs. Furthermore, since there is no significant gain in terms of efficiency when combining small-RUs and large-RUs, when RU aggregation, only combinations between small-RUs and combinations between large-RUs can be considered, and this specification proposes combinations between small-RUs.

[0320] 4.1. Principles

[0321] A. To prevent increased scheduling and hardware complexity due to various combinations, consider aggregating only two RUs. However, exceptions to this exist, which will be further proposed in 4.2. Combinations.

[0322] When B.RU aggregation, only combinations with adjacent RUs are considered. This is because combinations of non-adjacent RUs not only increase complexity but also provide relatively little gain in terms of frequency diversity. Sufficient diversity gain can already be obtained using interleavers, tone mappers, or MIMO (Multi-Input Multi-Output).

[0323] C. Combinations of RUs of the same size are not considered because they can be extended to RUs of the next size. However, there are exceptions to this, which will be further proposed in 4.2. Combinations.

[0324] When using D.RU combinations, they are only used for RUs within 20MHz. This is because, in addition to the increased complexity, there is gain in the receiver's decoding when considering existing 11ax SIG-B designs. However, exceptions to this can be considered, which will be further proposed in section 4.2, Combinations.

[0325] 4.2. Combinations

[0326] Figure 22 shows an example of an 80MHz tone plan with 20MHz puncturing performed.

[0327] Refer to Figure 22 to explain various RU aggregation combinations. The explanation for Figure 22 is based on an 80MHz base, but since the 80MHz tone plan in Figure 22 is used repeatedly for 160 / 80+80 / 240 / 160+80 / 320 / 160+160MHz, it can be directly extended and applied to each 80MHz unit.

[0328] Figure 22 shows that the lowest frequency, 20 MHz, is the primary 20 MHz (P20), the next lowest frequency, 20 MHz, is the secondary 20 MHz (S20), and the highest frequency, 40 MHz, is the secondary 40 MHz (S40). Figure 22 shows the situation where S20 is punctured, in which case the RUs labeled 242-1, 106-2, 52-4, 26-9, and 26-19 may not be used to reduce interference. Here, 242-1 refers to the RU labeled as number 1 of the 242-tone RUs. Based on the tone plan in Figure 22, the following RU combinations are proposed.

[0329] Considering the principles in section 4.1 above, various RU combinations can be considered, as follows. Considering the situation where S20 is not punctured, the following are RU combinations for P20.

[0330] (26-2, 52-2), (52-1, 26-3), (52-2, 26-5), (106-1, 26-5), (26-5, 52-3), (26-5, 106-2), (26-7, 52-4), (52-3, 26-8)

[0331] The following are the RU combinations in S20.

[0332] (26-11, 52-6), (52-5, 26-12), (52-6, 26-14), (106-3, 26-14), (26-14, 52-7), (26-14, 106-4), (26-16, 52-8), (52-7, 26-17)

[0333] The following are the RU combinations for S40 at lower 20MHz.

[0334] (26-21, 52-10), (52-9, 26-22), (52-10, 26-24), (106-5, 26-24), (26-24, 52-11), (26-24, 106-6), (26-26, 52-12), (52-11, 26-27)

[0335] The following are the RU combinations for S40 at a higher 20MHz.

[0336] (26-30, 52-14), (52-13, 26-31), (52-14, 26-33), (106-7, 26-33), (26-33, 52-15), (26-33, 106-8), (26-35, 52-16), (52-15, 26-36)

[0337] The exceptions to Principle A in Section 4.1 above are as follows: If S20 is preamble punctured as shown in Figure 22, P20 can use only a portion of the RUs. In this case, if only one RU is assigned to P20, the following RU combinations can be further considered.

[0338] (106-1, 26-5, 52-3, 26-8)

[0339] Assuming that P20 is at the position of S20 in the above diagram, and S20 is at the position of P20 in the above diagram, if S20 is preamble puncturing in such a situation, then the following RU combinations can be further considered at P20.

[0340] (26-11, 52-6, 26-14, 106-4)

[0341] If the highest frequency of 20MHz is preamble puncturing, then for the second highest frequency of 20MHz, the following RU combinations can be further considered.

[0342] (106-5, 26-24, 52-11, 26-27)

[0343] If the second highest frequency of 20MHz is preamble puncturing, then the highest frequency of 20MHz can be further considered with the following RU combinations:

[0344] (26-30, 52-14, 26-33, 106-8)

[0345] The exceptions to the above 4.1. Principle C are as follows: Consider combinations of 26-tone RUs of the same size, but only if the two combinations do not extend to 52-tone RUs, and the RU combinations involved are as follows:

[0346] (26-2, 26-3), (26-4, 26-5), (26-5, 26-6), (26-7, 26-8)

[0347] (26-11, 26-12), (26-13, 26-14), (26-14, 26-15), (26-16, 26-17)

[0348] (26-21, 26-22), (26-23, 26-24), (26-24, 26-25), (26-26, 26-27)

[0349] (26-30, 26-31), (26-32, 26-33), (26-33, 26-34), (26-35, 26-36)

[0350] The exceptions to the above 4.1. Principle D are as follows: The combination of RUs at the boundary between P20 and S20 can be considered, and the relevant RU combinations are as follows:

[0351] (26-9, 26-10), (26-9, 52-5), (26-9, 106-3), (52-4, 26-10), (52-4, 52-5), (52-4, 106-3), (106-2, 26-10), (106-2, 52-5), (106-2, 106-3)

[0352] We can consider RU combinations that lie at the boundary between the second highest frequency of 20MHz and the highest frequency of 20MHz, and the relevant RU combinations are as follows:

[0353] (26-28, 26-29), (26-28, 52-13), (26-28, 106-7), (52-12, 26-29), (52-12, 52-13), (52-12, 106-7), (106-6, 26-29), (106-6, 52-13), (106-6, 106-7)

[0354] Considering the combinations of RUs at the boundary between S20 and the second highest frequency of 20MHz, the relevant RU combinations are as follows:

[0355] (26-18, 26-19), (52-8, 26-19), (106-4, 26-19), (26-19, 26-20), (26-19, 52-9), (26-19, 106-5)

[0356] 4.3. Signaling Methods

[0357] Figure 23 shows an example of the EHT PPDU format.

[0358] Figure 24 shows an example of the U-SIG format.

[0359] The indicators related to the RU aggregation described above are transmitted within the EHT-SIG of the EHT PPDU in Figure 23 or the U-SIG in Figure 24.

[0360] The Version-independent field in Figure 24 includes a 3-bit version identifier indicating the 802.11be and later Wi-Fi versions, a 1-bit DL / UL field, BSS color, TXOP duration, etc., while the Version-dependent field in Figure 24 includes information such as PPDU type and Bandwidth.

[0361] U-SIG consists of two symbols jointly encoded, with 52 data tones and 4 pilot tones per 20MHz. Furthermore, U-SIG is modulated in the same way as HE-SIG-A; that is, U-SIG is modulated at the BPSK1 / 2 code rate.

[0362] The EHT-SIG is divided into a Common field and a user-specific field, and is encoded into a variable MCS. The Common field can specify information about the RU to be used, and the user-specific field can specify information about the Multiple RU assigned to a specific user or STA.

[0363] Figure 25 is a procedure flowchart showing the operation of the transmitting device according to this embodiment.

[0364] An example in Figure 25 is performed by a transmitting device (AP and / or non-AP STA). For example, an example in Figure 25 is performed by an AP that transmits EHT SU PPDU, EHT ER SU PPDU, and EHT MU PPDU. An example in Figure 25 is performed by a non-AP that transmits EHT SU PPDU, EHT ER SU PPDU, and EHT MU PPDU.

[0365] Some of the steps (or detailed sub-steps described later) in the example in Figure 25 may be omitted or modified.

[0366] In step S2510, the transmitting device (i.e., the transmitting STA) configures the Bandwidth (BW) and RU allocation, and can assign multiple RUs to a specific user or STA by the Multiple RU aggregation combination described in paragraph 4.2 of the specification above. The transmitting device can also perform Channel Access operations.

[0367] In step S2520, the transmitting STA can configure PPDUs. For example, the PPDUs are EHT SU PPDU, EHT ER SU PPDU, and EHT MU PPDU. As shown in Figure 18, the PPDUs can include EHT-SIG.

[0368] The transmitting STA can execute step S2520 based on the BW, RU allocation, and Multiple RU aggregation determined via step S2510.

[0369] In other words, as described above, the common field of the EHT-SIG may contain specific (RU allocation) n-bit (e.g., 8-bit) information, and the user-specific field may contain information regarding multiple RU aggregation.

[0370] In step S2530, the transmitting device can transmit the PPDU configured via step S2520 to the receiving device based on step S2530.

[0371] While executing step S2530, the transmitter performs at least one of the following operations: CSD, Spatial Mapping, IDFT / IFFT operation, or GI insertion (insert).

[0372] The signals / fields / sequences configured herein are transmitted in the form shown in Figure 18.

[0373] For example, the EHT-SIG mentioned above is transmitted based on multiple OFDM symbols. For instance, one OFDM symbol may contain 26 bits of information. This 26-bit information may include the 4-bit BW information mentioned above. In some cases, arbitrary m-bit information may be used instead of the 26-bit information.

[0374] For 26 bits of information, BCC coding with a 1 / 2 coding rate is applied. Interbilling by an interleaver is applied to the BCC coded bits (i.e., 52 bits). Constellation mapping is performed by a Constellation mapper on the interleaved 52 bits. Specifically, the BPSK module is applied and 52 BPSK symbols are generated. The 52 BPSK symbols are matched to the remaining frequency range (-28 to +28) excluding the DC tone and pilot tone (-21, -7, +7, +21). Subsequently, it is transmitted to the receiving STA via Phase rotation, CSD, Spatial Mapping, IDFT / IFFT operation, etc.

[0375] The PPDU described above is transmitted based on the device shown in Figure 1.

[0376] Figure 1 shows an example related to an example of a transmitting device (AP and / or non-AP STA).

[0377] As shown in Figure 1, the transmitting device may include a memory (112), a processor (111), and a transceiver (113).

[0378] The above memory (112) can store information about a number of BW / Tone-Plan / RUs as described herein.

[0379] The processor (111) can generate various RUs based on the information stored in the memory (112) and configure a PPDU. An example of a PPDU generated by the processor (111) is the same as in Figure 1.

[0380] The above processor (111) can perform all or part of the operations shown in Figure 25.

[0381] The transceiver (113) shown includes an antenna and is capable of performing analog signal processing. Specifically, the processor (111) controls the transceiver (113) and can transmit the PPDU generated by the processor (111).

[0382] Alternatively, the processor (111) generates a transmit PPDU and stores information about the transmit PPDU in the memory (112).

[0383] Figure 26 is a procedure flowchart showing the operation of the receiving device according to this embodiment.

[0384] The example shown in Figure 26 is performed in the receiving device (AP and / or non-AP STA).

[0385] An example of Figure 26 is performed at a receiving STA or receiving device (AP and / or non-AP STA). For example, an example of Figure 26 is performed by a non-AP that receives EHT SU PPDU, EHT ER SU PPDU, and EHT MU PPDU. An example of Figure 26 is performed by an AP that transmits EHT SU PPDU and EHT ER SU PPDU.

[0386] Some of the steps (or detailed sub-steps described later) in the example shown in Figure 26 are omitted.

[0387] In step S2610, the receiving device (receiving STA) can receive all or part of the PPDU via step S2610. The received signal is in the form shown in Figure 18.

[0388] The sub-step of step S2610 is determined based on step S2530 in Figure 25. That is, step S2610 can perform an operation to restore the results of the CSD, Spatial Mapping, IDFT / IFFT operation, and GI insertion (insert) operation applied in step S2530.

[0389] In step S2620, the receiving STA can decode the information contained in the U-SIG or EHT-SIG to obtain information regarding the BW, RU allocation, and Multiple RU aggregation of the EHT PPDU.

[0390] Through this, the receiving STA can complete decoding of other fields / symbols in the received PPDU.

[0391] As a result, the receiving STA can decode the data fields contained within the PPDU via step S2620. Subsequently, the receiving STA can perform processing operations to transmit the decoded data from the data fields to a higher layer (e.g., the MAC layer). Furthermore, if the higher layer instructs the PHY layer to generate a signal in response to the data transmitted to the higher layer, the receiving STA can perform subsequent operations.

[0392] The PPDU mentioned above is received based on the device shown in Figure 1.

[0393] As shown in Figure 1, the receiving device may include a memory (1220), a processor (121), and a transceiver (123).

[0394] The transceiver (123) can receive PPDUs based on the control of the processor (121). For example, the transceiver (123) may include a number of detail units (not shown). For example, the transceiver (123) may include at least one receiving antenna and may include a filter for that receiving antenna.

[0395] The PPDU received via the transceiver (123) is stored in memory (122). The processor (121) can process the decoding of the received PPDU via memory (122). The processor (121) can acquire control information (e.g., EHT-SIG) related to BW / Tone-Plan / RU contained in the PPDU and store the acquired control information in memory (122).

[0396] The processor (121) can perform decoding on the received PPDU. Specifically, it can perform operations to restore the results of CSD, Spatial Mapping, IDFT / IFFT operations, and GI insertions applied to the PPDU. These operations are performed via numerous processing units (not shown) that are individually implemented within the processor (121).

[0397] Furthermore, the processor (121) can decode the data fields of the PPDU received via the transceiver (123).

[0398] Furthermore, the processor (121) can process the decoded data. For example, the processor (121) can perform processing operations to transmit information about the decoded data field to a higher layer (e.g., the MAC layer). Also, if the higher layer instructs the PHY layer to generate a signal in response to the data transmitted to the higher layer, the processor (121) can perform subsequent operations.

[0399] The above-described embodiment will be explained below with reference to Figures 1 to 26.

[0400] Figure 27 is a flowchart showing the procedure for transmitting a PPDU using the transmitting STA in this embodiment.

[0401] The example shown in Figure 27 is executed in a network environment that supports a next-generation wireless LAN system (IEEE 802.11be or EHT wireless LAN system). This next-generation wireless LAN system can be backward compatible with the 802.11ax system as an improved version of the 802.11ax system.

[0402] An example shown in Figure 27 is implemented in a transmitting STA, which can be configured to work with an AP (Access Point). The receiving STA in Figure 27 can be configured to work with an STA that supports an EHT (Extremely High Throughput) wireless LAN system.

[0403] This embodiment proposes a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving PPDUs based on a multi-RU configured as a combination of small-RUs. Here, a small-RU means a resource unit with fewer than 242 tones. In particular, this embodiment proposes a multi-RU in which 26RUs and 52RUs are aggregated in each 20MHz subchannel of the bandwidth in which the PPDU is transmitted.

[0404] In step S2710, the transmitting STA (STAtion) generates a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit).

[0405] In step S2720, the transmitting STA transmits the PPDU to the receiving STA via broadband.

[0406] The above PPDU includes control fields and data fields.

[0407] If the above-mentioned first bandwidth is an 80MHz bandwidth including the first to fourth 20MHz subchannels, the above-mentioned first 20MHz subchannel includes a first multiple RU, which is an aggregate of the first 26RU (Resource Unit) and the first 52RU. The above-mentioned first 26RU is an RU located in the middle of the above-mentioned first 20MHz subchannel. The above-mentioned first 52RU is an RU with a lower frequency than the above-mentioned first 26RU and adjacent to the above-mentioned first 26RU.

[0408] In this embodiment, the first bandwidth can be divided into four 20MHz subchannels. For example, the first to fourth 20MHz subchannels are arranged in order from the lowest frequency subchannel to the highest frequency subchannel. For example, the first 20MHz subchannel is the 20MHz subchannel with the lowest frequency (or primary 20MHz channel), the second 20MHz subchannel is the 20MHz subchannel with the second lowest frequency (or secondary 20MHz channel), the third 20MHz subchannel is the 20MHz subchannel with the third lowest frequency (or the lower 20MHz channel among the secondary 40MHz channels), and the fourth 20MHz subchannel is the 20MHz subchannel with the highest frequency (or the higher 20MHz channel among the secondary 40MHz channels). In addition, puncturing in 20MHz units may be performed in the first bandwidth.

[0409] The second 20MHz subchannel described above may include a second multi-RU formed by the aggregation of the second 26RU and the second 52RU. The second 26RU is the RU located in the middle of the second 20MHz subchannel. The second 52RU is an RU with a lower frequency than the second 26RU and adjacent to the second 26RU.

[0410] The above-mentioned third 20MHz subchannel may include a third multi-RU formed by the aggregation of a third 26RU and a third 52RU. The above-mentioned third 26RU is a RU located in the middle of the above-mentioned third 20MHz subchannel. The above-mentioned third 52RU is a RU with a lower frequency than the above-mentioned third 26RU and adjacent to the above-mentioned third 26RU.

[0411] The fourth 20MHz subchannel described above may include a fourth multi-RU formed by the aggregation of the fourth 26RU and the fourth 52RU. The fourth 26RU is the RU located in the middle of the fourth 20MHz subchannel. The fourth 52RU is an RU with a lower frequency than the fourth 26RU and adjacent to the fourth 26RU.

[0412] The control field may include assignment information for the first to fourth multi-RUs. The receiving STA can decode the control field to determine which of the first to fourth multi-RUs is assigned to it. That is, if a multi-RU is assigned to the receiving STA based on the control field, the receiving STA can receive the data field via the assigned multi-RU. For example, if all of the first to fourth multi-RUs are assigned to the receiving STA based on the control field, the data field is received via the first to fourth multi-RUs.

[0413] In this case, the first to fourth 26RUs are RUs composed of 26 tones, and the first to fourth 52RUs are RUs composed of 52 tones.

[0414] This embodiment proposes an aggregation method between RUs assigned within each 20MHz subchannel of the 80MHz band. However, it is not limited to transmissions in the 80MHz band, but can also be applied to transmissions in the 20MHz, 40MHz, 160 / 80+80MHz, and 320 / 160+160MHz bands. The tone plans for the 20MHz and 40MHz bands defined in the EHT wireless LAN system are the same as the tone plans defined in 802.11ax. Since the tone plans for the 160 / 80+80MHz and 320 / 160+160MHz bands repeatedly use the above 80MHz band tone plan, the allocation of multi-RUs within the 160 / 80+80MHz and 320 / 160+160MHz bands is extended and applied for each 80MHz channel. A specific embodiment is as follows.

[0415] If the above first bandwidth is a 160 / 80+80MHz bandwidth including the first and second 80MHz subchannels, each of the first and second 80MHz subchannels may include the fifth to eighth 20MHz subchannels. The fifth, sixth, seventh, or eighth 20MHz subchannel may include a fifth multi-RU, which is an aggregate of the fifth 26RU and the fifth 52RU. In other words, this embodiment is also performed for the 160 / 80+80MHz bandwidth on a per-80MHz subchannel basis, and specifically, in each of the above 80MHz subchannels, a multi-RU is assigned, which is an aggregate of 52RU and 26RU for each 20MHz subchannel.

[0416] Similarly, the fifth 26RU is an RU located in the middle of the fifth, sixth, seventh, or eighth 20MHz subchannel, and the fifth 52RU is an RU with a lower frequency than the fifth 26RU and adjacent to the fifth 26RU. In this case, the fifth 26RU is an RU composed of 26 tones, and the fifth 52RU is an RU composed of 52 tones.

[0417] The control field may further include assignment information relating to the fifth multi-RU. The receiving STA can decode the control field to determine the RU assigned to it (the fifth multi-RU). That is, if a multi-RU is assigned to the receiving STA based on the control field, the receiving STA can receive the data field via the assigned multi-RU. For example, if the fifth multi-RU is assigned to the receiving STA based on the control field, the data field is received via the fifth multi-RU.

[0418] If the above first bandwidth is a 320 / 160+160MHz bandwidth including the first to fourth 80MHz subchannels, each of the first to fourth 80MHz subchannels may include the ninth to twelfth 20MHz subchannels. The ninth, tenth, eleventh, or twelfth 20MHz subchannel may include a sixth multi-RU, which is an aggregate of the sixth 26RU and the sixth 52RU. That is, this embodiment is also performed for the 320 / 160+160MHz bandwidth on a per-80MHz subchannel basis, and specifically, in each of the above 80MHz subchannels, a multi-RU is assigned, which is an aggregate of 52RU and 26RU for each 20MHz subchannel.

[0419] Similarly, the sixth 26RU is an RU located in the middle of the ninth, tenth, eleventh, or twelfth 20MHz subchannel, and the sixth 52RU is an RU with a lower frequency than the sixth 26RU and adjacent to it. In this case, the sixth 26RU is an RU composed of 26 tones, and the sixth 52RU is an RU composed of 52 tones.

[0420] The control field may further include assignment information relating to the sixth multi-RU. The receiving STA can decode the control field to determine the RU assigned to it (the sixth multi-RU). That is, if a multi-RU is assigned to the receiving STA based on the control field, the receiving STA can receive the data field via the assigned multi-RU. For example, if the sixth multi-RU is assigned to the receiving STA based on the control field, the data field is received via the sixth multi-RU.

[0421] The above control field includes a first control field that supports legacy wireless LAN systems and a second control field that supports 802.11be wireless LAN systems. The second control field may include a U-SIG (Universal-SIGnal) or an EHT-SIG (Extremely High Throughput-SIGnal). The second control field may include allocation information for the RU to which the above data field is transmitted. This embodiment describes a case where the RU to which the above data field is transmitted is a multi-RU, where multiple RUs are aggregated with each other. The above RU means the resource unit to which the above data field is transmitted.

[0422] Furthermore, if the first bandwidth is an 80MHz bandwidth, the tone plan for the first bandwidth is defined as 996RU. If the first bandwidth is a 160 / 80+80MHz bandwidth, the tone plan for the first bandwidth is defined as a tone plan that repeats 996RU twice. If the first bandwidth is a 320 / 160+160MHz bandwidth, the tone plan for the first bandwidth is defined as a tone plan that repeats 996RU four times.

[0423] The above EHT-SIG may include EHT-SIG-A and EHT-SIG-B (or EHT-SIG-C fields). The above EHT-SIG-B may include Resource Unit (RU) information. The transmitting STA can transmit information regarding the tone plan of the first band via the above EHT-SIG-B. In addition, the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF included in the above second control field and the above data field are transmitted and received in the multi-RU included in the tone plan of the first band.

[0424] Figure 28 is a flowchart illustrating the procedure for a receiving STA to receive a PPDU according to this embodiment.

[0425] The example shown in Figure 28 is executed in a network environment that supports a next-generation wireless LAN system (IEEE 802.11be or EHT wireless LAN system). This next-generation wireless LAN system can be backward compatible with the 802.11ax system as an improved version of the 802.11ax system.

[0426] The example in Figure 28 is implemented in a receiving STA and can be used with STAs that support EHT (Extremely High Throughput) wireless LAN systems. The transmitting STA in Figure 28 can be used with APs (Access Points).

[0427] This embodiment proposes a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving PPDUs based on a multi-RU configured as a combination of small-RUs. Here, a small-RU means a resource unit with fewer than 242 tones. In particular, this embodiment proposes a multi-RU in which 26RUs and 52RUs are aggregated in each 20MHz subchannel of the bandwidth in which the PPDU is transmitted.

[0428] In step S2810, the receiving STA (STAtion) receives a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) from the transmitting STA via broadband.

[0429] In step S2820, the receiving STA decodes the PPDU.

[0430] The above PPDU includes control fields and data fields.

[0431] If the above-mentioned first bandwidth is an 80MHz bandwidth including the first to fourth 20MHz subchannels, the above-mentioned first 20MHz subchannel includes a first multiple RU, which is an aggregate of the first 26RU (Resource Unit) and the first 52RU. The above-mentioned first 26RU is an RU located in the middle of the above-mentioned first 20MHz subchannel. The above-mentioned first 52RU is an RU with a lower frequency than the above-mentioned first 26RU and adjacent to the above-mentioned first 26RU.

[0432] In this embodiment, the first bandwidth can be divided into four 20MHz subchannels. For example, the first to fourth 20MHz subchannels are arranged in order from the lowest frequency subchannel to the highest frequency subchannel. For example, the first 20MHz subchannel is the 20MHz subchannel with the lowest frequency (or primary 20MHz channel), the second 20MHz subchannel is the 20MHz subchannel with the second lowest frequency (or secondary 20MHz channel), the third 20MHz subchannel is the 20MHz subchannel with the third lowest frequency (or the lower 20MHz channel among the secondary 40MHz channels), and the fourth 20MHz subchannel is the 20MHz subchannel with the highest frequency (or the higher 20MHz channel among the secondary 40MHz channels). In addition, puncturing in 20MHz units may be performed in the first bandwidth.

[0433] The second 20MHz subchannel described above may include a second multi-RU formed by the aggregation of the second 26RU and the second 52RU. The second 26RU is the RU located in the middle of the second 20MHz subchannel. The second 52RU is an RU with a lower frequency than the second 26RU and adjacent to the second 26RU.

[0434] The above-mentioned third 20MHz subchannel may include a third multi-RU formed by the aggregation of a third 26RU and a third 52RU. The above-mentioned third 26RU is a RU located in the middle of the above-mentioned third 20MHz subchannel. The above-mentioned third 52RU is a RU with a lower frequency than the above-mentioned third 26RU and adjacent to the above-mentioned third 26RU.

[0435] The fourth 20MHz subchannel described above may include a fourth multi-RU formed by the aggregation of the fourth 26RU and the fourth 52RU. The fourth 26RU is the RU located in the middle of the fourth 20MHz subchannel. The fourth 52RU is an RU with a lower frequency than the fourth 26RU and adjacent to the fourth 26RU.

[0436] The control field may include assignment information for the first to fourth multi-RUs. The receiving STA can decode the control field to determine which of the first to fourth multi-RUs is assigned to it. That is, if a multi-RU is assigned to the receiving STA based on the control field, the receiving STA can receive the data field via the assigned multi-RU. For example, if all of the first to fourth multi-RUs are assigned to the receiving STA based on the control field, the data field is received via the first to fourth multi-RUs.

[0437] In this case, the first to fourth 26RUs are RUs composed of 26 tones, and the first to fourth 52RUs are RUs composed of 52 tones.

[0438] This embodiment proposes an aggregation method between RUs assigned within each 20MHz subchannel of the 80MHz band. However, it is not limited to transmissions in the 80MHz band, but can also be applied to transmissions in the 20MHz, 40MHz, 160 / 80+80MHz, and 320 / 160+160MHz bands. The tone plans for the 20MHz and 40MHz bands defined in the EHT wireless LAN system are the same as the tone plans defined in 802.11ax. Since the tone plans for the 160 / 80+80MHz and 320 / 160+160MHz bands repeatedly use the above 80MHz band tone plan, the allocation of multi-RUs within the 160 / 80+80MHz and 320 / 160+160MHz bands is also extended and applied on an 80MHz channel basis. A specific embodiment is as follows.

[0439] If the above first bandwidth is a 160 / 80+80MHz bandwidth including the first and second 80MHz subchannels, each of the first and second 80MHz subchannels may include the fifth to eighth 20MHz subchannels. The fifth, sixth, seventh, or eighth 20MHz subchannel may include a fifth multi-RU, which is an aggregate of the fifth 26RU and the fifth 52RU. In other words, this embodiment is also performed for the 160 / 80+80MHz bandwidth on a per-80MHz subchannel basis, and specifically, in each of the above 80MHz subchannels, a multi-RU is assigned, which is an aggregate of 52RU and 26RU for each 20MHz subchannel.

[0440] Similarly, the fifth 26RU is an RU located in the middle of the fifth, sixth, seventh, or eighth 20MHz subchannel, and the fifth 52RU is an RU with a lower frequency than the fifth 26RU and adjacent to the fifth 26RU. In this case, the fifth 26RU is an RU composed of 26 tones, and the fifth 52RU is an RU composed of 52 tones.

[0441] The control field may further include assignment information relating to the fifth multi-RU. The receiving STA can decode the control field to determine the RU assigned to it (the fifth multi-RU). That is, if a multi-RU is assigned to the receiving STA based on the control field, the receiving STA can receive the data field via the assigned multi-RU. For example, if the fifth multi-RU is assigned to the receiving STA based on the control field, the data field is received via the fifth multi-RU.

[0442] If the above first bandwidth is a 320 / 160+160MHz bandwidth including the first to fourth 80MHz subchannels, each of the first to fourth 80MHz subchannels may include the ninth to twelfth 20MHz subchannels. The ninth, tenth, eleventh, or twelfth 20MHz subchannel may include a sixth multi-RU, which is an aggregate of the sixth 26RU and the sixth 52RU. That is, this embodiment is also performed for the 320 / 160+160MHz bandwidth on a per-80MHz subchannel basis, and specifically, in each of the above 80MHz subchannels, a multi-RU is assigned, which is an aggregate of 52RU and 26RU for each 20MHz subchannel.

[0443] Similarly, the sixth 26RU is an RU located in the middle of the ninth, tenth, eleventh, or twelfth 20MHz subchannel, and the sixth 52RU is an RU with a lower frequency than the sixth 26RU and adjacent to it. In this case, the sixth 26RU is an RU composed of 26 tones, and the sixth 52RU is an RU composed of 52 tones.

[0444] The control field may further include assignment information relating to the sixth multi-RU. The receiving STA can decode the control field to determine the RU assigned to it (the sixth multi-RU). That is, if a multi-RU is assigned to the receiving STA based on the control field, the receiving STA can receive the data field via the assigned multi-RU. For example, if the sixth multi-RU is assigned to the receiving STA based on the control field, the data field is received via the sixth multi-RU.

[0445] The above control field includes a first control field that supports legacy wireless LAN systems and a second control field that supports 802.11be wireless LAN systems. The second control field may include a U-SIG (Universal-SIGnal) or an EHT-SIG (Extremely High Throughput-SIGnal). The second control field may include allocation information for the RU to which the above data field is transmitted. This embodiment describes a case where the RU to which the above data field is transmitted is a multi-RU, where multiple RUs are aggregated with each other. The above RU means the resource unit to which the above data field is transmitted.

[0446] Furthermore, if the first bandwidth is an 80MHz bandwidth, the tone plan for the first bandwidth is defined as 996RU. If the first bandwidth is a 160 / 80+80MHz bandwidth, the tone plan for the first bandwidth is defined as a tone plan that repeats 996RU twice. If the first bandwidth is a 320 / 160+160MHz bandwidth, the tone plan for the first bandwidth is defined as a tone plan that repeats 996RU four times.

[0447] The above EHT-SIG may include EHT-SIG-A and EHT-SIG-B (or EHT-SIG-C fields). The above EHT-SIG-B may include Resource Unit (RU) information. The transmitting STA can transmit information regarding the tone plan of the first band via the above EHT-SIG-B. In addition, the EHT-STF, EHT-LTF included in the above second control field and the above data field are transmitted and received in the multi-RU included in the tone plan of the first band.

[0448] 5.Device configuration

[0449] The technical features of this specification described above are applicable to various devices and methods. For example, the technical features of this specification described above are implemented / supported through the device in Figure 1 and / or Figure 19. For example, the technical features of this specification described above are applicable to only parts of Figure 1 and / or Figure 19. For example, the technical features of this specification described above are implemented based on the processor chip (114, 124) in Figure 1, or based on the processor (111, 121) and memory (112, 122) in Figure 1, or based on the processor (610) and memory (620) in Figure 19. For example, the device of this specification receives a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) from a transmitting STA via a first band and decodes the PPDU.

[0450] The technical features of this specification are implemented based on a CRM (Computer Readable Medium). For example, the CRM proposed herein is at least one computer readable medium containing instructions that are executed by at least one processor.

[0451] The CRM described above can store instructions for performing operations that include receiving a Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) from a transmitting STA via a first bandwidth, and decoding the PPDU. Instructions stored in the CRM described herein are executed by at least one processor. The at least one processor associated with the CRM described herein is the processor (111, 121) or processor chip (114, 124) in Figure 1, or the processor (610) in Figure 19. On the other hand, the CRM described herein is the memory (112, 122) in Figure 1, the memory (620) in Figure 19, or another external memory / storage medium / disk, etc.

[0452] The technical features described herein are applicable to a variety of applications and business models. For example, these technical features are applicable to wireless communication in devices that support artificial intelligence (AI).

[0453] Artificial intelligence refers to the field of studying artificial intelligence or methodologies for creating it, while machine learning refers to the field of studying methodologies for solving various problems dealt with in the field of artificial intelligence. Machine learning can also be defined as an algorithm that improves its performance for a particular task through continuous experience.

[0454] An artificial neural network (ANN) is a general term for problem-solving models used in machine learning, consisting of artificial neurons (nodes) that form a network through synaptic connections. An artificial neural network is defined by the connection patterns between neurons in different layers, the learning process that updates the model parameters, and the activation function that generates the output values.

[0455] An artificial neural network can include an input layer, an output layer, and optionally one or more hidden layers. Each layer contains one or more neurons, and the artificial neural network can include synapses connecting neurons. In an artificial neural network, each neuron can output a function value of an activation function for input signals, weights, and deviations received via synapses.

[0456] Model parameters refer to parameters determined through learning, including synaptic connection weights and neuronal deviations. Hyperparameters, on the other hand, refer to parameters that need to be set before learning in a machine learning algorithm, including the learning rate, iteration count, mini-batch size, and initialization function.

[0457] The goal of training an artificial neural network is to determine the model parameters that minimize the loss function. The loss function is used as an indicator to determine the optimal model parameters during the training process of an artificial neural network.

[0458] Machine learning can be classified into supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning, depending on the learning method.

[0459] Supervised learning refers to a method of training an artificial neural network when labels are provided for the training data. When labels are input to the artificial neural network, they represent the correct answer (or result value) that the artificial neural network needs to infer. Unsupervised learning refers to a method of training an artificial neural network when labels are not provided for the training data. Reinforcement learning refers to a learning method in which a defined agent is trained to select the action or sequence of actions that maximizes the cumulative reward in each state within a given environment.

[0460] Machine learning implemented as a deep neural network (DNN), which includes multiple hidden layers, is also called deep learning, and deep learning is a part of machine learning. In the following, machine learning will be used to include deep learning.

[0461] Furthermore, the technical features described above can be applied to wireless communication for robots.

[0462] A robot is a machine that automatically processes or operates tasks assigned to it using its own capabilities. In particular, a robot that has the ability to perceive its environment, make decisions on its own, and perform actions is called an intelligent robot.

[0463] Robots can be classified into industrial, medical, household, and military categories depending on their intended use and field. Robots are equipped with drive units, including actuators or motors, and can perform various physical actions, such as moving robotic joints. Mobile robots, on the other hand, include drive units such as wheels, brakes, and propellers, allowing them to travel on the ground or fly through the air via these drive units.

[0464] Furthermore, the technical features described above apply to devices that support augmented reality.

[0465] Augmented reality is a general term encompassing virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR). VR technology provides real-world objects and backgrounds solely as computer graphics (CG) images, AR technology provides virtual CG images alongside images of real objects, and MR technology is a computer graphics technology that mixes and combines virtual objects with the real world.

[0466] MR technology is similar to AR technology in that it displays real (virtual) objects together. However, while AR technology uses virtual objects to complement real (virtual) objects, MR technology differs in that virtual and real (virtual) objects are used with equal importance.

[0467] XR technology is applied to devices such as HMDs (Head-Mount Displays), HUDs (Head-Up Displays), mobile phones, tablet PCs, laptops, desktops, TVs, and digital signage, and devices that utilize XR technology can be called XR devices.

[0468] The claims described herein can be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims herein can be combined and implemented in an apparatus, and the technical features of the apparatus claims herein can be combined and implemented in a method. Also, the technical features of the method claims herein and the technical features of the apparatus claims herein can be combined and implemented in an apparatus, and the technical features of the method claims herein and the technical features of the apparatus claims herein can be combined and implemented in a method.

Claims

1. A method in a wireless LAN (Local Area Network) system, The receiving STA (station) receives a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) from the transmitting STA, The receiving STA includes the step of decoding the PPDU, The PPDU includes a data field, Based on the fact that the bandwidth of the PPDU is 80 MHz and includes at least one 52+26 tone MRU (multiple resource unit), the 52+26 tone MRU is acquired by a combination of a 52 tone RU (Resource Unit) and an adjacent 26 tone RU within the same 20 MHz channel. The aforementioned 52-tone RU is an RU located at a lower frequency than the adjacent 26-tone RU. The aforementioned adjacent 26 tone RUs are RUs located in the middle of the same 20 MHz channel. The data subcarrier of the 52+26 tone MRU is composed of the data subcarriers of the 52 tone RU and the adjacent 26 tone RU that constitute the 52+26 tone MRU. A 26-tone RU located at the center of the bandwidth of the PPDU, which is 80 MHz with a punctured secondary 20 MHz channel, is not defined with respect to the data subcarrier.

2. The aforementioned data field is received via the 52+26 tone MRU, The aforementioned adjacent 26-tone RU is an RU composed of 26 tones, The method according to claim 1, wherein the 52-tone RU is an RU composed of 52 tones.

3. The PPDU further includes a control field, The method according to claim 2, wherein the control field includes assignment information relating to the 52+26 tone MRU.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the bandwidth of the PPDU is 160 / 80+80 MHz and includes the at least one 52+26 tone MRU, the 52+26 tone MRU is obtained by a combination of a 52 tone RU and an adjacent 26 tone RU in the same 20 MHz channel within each 80 MHz frequency block.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the bandwidth of the PPDU is 320 / 160+160 MHz and includes the at least one 52+26 tone MRU, the 52+26 tone MRU is obtained by a combination of a 52 tone RU and an adjacent 26 tone RU in the same 20 MHz channel within each 80 MHz frequency block.

6. A receiving STA (station) in a wireless LAN (Local Area Network), Memory and Transceiver and, The system comprises a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver, The aforementioned processor, Receive a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) from the transmitting STA. The PPDU is configured to decode, The PPDU includes a data field, Based on the fact that the bandwidth of the PPDU is 80 MHz and includes at least one 52+26 tone MRU (multiple resource unit), the 52+26 tone MRU is acquired by a combination of a 52 tone RU (Resource Unit) and an adjacent 26 tone RU within the same 20 MHz channel. The aforementioned 52-tone RU is an RU located at a lower frequency than the adjacent 26-tone RU. The aforementioned adjacent 26 tone RUs are RUs located in the middle of the same 20 MHz channel. The data subcarrier of the 52+26 tone MRU is composed of the data subcarriers of the 52 tone RU and the adjacent 26 tone RU that constitute the 52+26 tone MRU. 26 tone RUs located at the center of the bandwidth of the PPDU, which is 80 MHz with a punctured secondary 20 MHz channel, are the receiving STA, which is not defined with respect to the data subcarrier.

7. A method in a wireless LAN (Local Area Network), The transmitting STA (station) generates a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit), The transmitting STA includes the step of transmitting the PPDU to the receiving STA, The PPDU includes a data field, Based on the fact that the bandwidth of the PPDU is 80 MHz and includes at least one 52+26 tone MRU (multiple resource unit), the 52+26 tone MRU is acquired by a combination of a 52 tone RU (Resource Unit) and an adjacent 26 tone RU within the same 20 MHz channel. The aforementioned 52-tone RU is an RU located at a lower frequency than the adjacent 26-tone RU. The aforementioned adjacent 26 tone RUs are RUs located in the middle of the same 20 MHz channel. The data subcarrier of the 52+26 tone MRU is composed of the data subcarriers of the 52 tone RU and the adjacent 26 tone RU that constitute the 52+26 tone MRU. A 26-tone RU located at the center of the bandwidth of the PPDU, which is 80 MHz with a punctured secondary 20 MHz channel, is not defined with respect to the data subcarrier.

8. The aforementioned data field is transmitted via the 52+26 tone MRU, The aforementioned adjacent 26-tone RU is an RU composed of 26 tones, The method according to claim 7, wherein the 52-tone RU is an RU composed of 52 tones.

9. The PPDU further includes a control field, The method according to claim 8, wherein the control field includes assignment information relating to the 52+26 tone MRUs.

10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the bandwidth of the PPDU is 160 / 80+80 MHz and includes the at least one 52+26 tone MRU, the 52+26 tone MRU is obtained by a combination of a 52 tone RU and an adjacent 26 tone RU in the same 20 MHz channel within each 80 MHz frequency block.

11. The method according to claim 7, wherein the bandwidth of the PPDU is 320 / 160+160 MHz and includes the at least one 52+26 tone MRU, the 52+26 tone MRU is obtained by a combination of a 52 tone RU and an adjacent 26 tone RU in the same 20 MHz channel within each 80 MHz frequency block.

12. A transmitting STA (station) in a wireless LAN (Local Area Network), Memory and Transceiver and, The system comprises a processor coupled to the memory and the transceiver, The aforementioned processor, Generate a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit), The PPDU is configured to be sent to the receiving STA. The PPDU includes a data field, Based on the fact that the bandwidth of the PPDU is 80 MHz and includes at least one 52+26 tone MRU (multiple resource unit), the 52+26 tone MRU is acquired by a combination of a 52 tone RU (Resource Unit) and an adjacent 26 tone RU within the same 20 MHz channel. The aforementioned 52-tone RU is an RU located at a lower frequency than the adjacent 26-tone RU. The aforementioned adjacent 26 tone RUs are RUs located in the middle of the same 20 MHz channel. The data subcarrier of the 52+26 tone MRU is composed of the data subcarriers of the 52 tone RU and the adjacent 26 tone RU that constitute the 52+26 tone MRU. 26 tone RUs located at the center of the bandwidth of the PPDU, which is 80 MHz with a punctured secondary 20 MHz channel, are the transmit STA, which is not defined with respect to the data subcarrier.

13. A device in a wireless LAN (Local Area Network), Memory and A processor coupled to the aforementioned memory, The aforementioned processor, Receive a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) from the transmitting STA (station), The PPDU is configured to decode, The PPDU includes a data field, Based on the fact that the bandwidth of the PPDU is 80 MHz and includes at least one 52+26 tone MRU (multiple resource unit), the 52+26 tone MRU is acquired by a combination of a 52 tone RU (Resource Unit) and an adjacent 26 tone RU within the same 20 MHz channel. The aforementioned 52-tone RU is an RU located at a lower frequency than the adjacent 26-tone RU. The aforementioned adjacent 26 tone RUs are RUs located in the middle of the same 20 MHz channel. The data subcarrier of the 52+26 tone MRU is composed of the data subcarriers of the 52 tone RU and the adjacent 26 tone RU that constitute the 52+26 tone MRU. A PPDU with a punctured secondary 20 MHz channel has 26 tone RUs located at the center of its 80 MHz bandwidth, which are undefined relative to the data subcarriers.

Images