Improved containment dike

Abstract

Formation of a dike section for fluid containment. [Solution] A device for containing a fluid within a containment area, the device comprising: a first containment tube above the ground surface having a first end; a second containment tube above the ground surface having a second end; and a waterproof vapor sleeve extending at least beyond the first and second ends, wherein the waterproof vapor sleeve prevents water from entering a cavity, the cavity being an area within the waterproof vapor sleeve and including the space between the first and second ends; and the waterproof vapor sleeve.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Cross - Reference to Related Applications This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 155,269, filed Aug. 30, 2015, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. In addition, this application is related to U.S. Patent No. 6,641,329, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0002] The present disclosure relates to flexible containment tubes for levees, and more particularly to improving their elasticity and practicality in the field.

Background Art

[0003] Many systems have been used to control the spread of flood waters or the outflow of fluids. One of the most common means of containing or redirecting the flow of liquids is to barricade with sandbags, where empty bags are filled with sand and stacked to form a temporary levee. Barricading with sandbags to temporarily redirect the flow of liquids has certain drawbacks, which include the monetary cost of creating the sandbags, the monetary cost of the sand fill material, the time cost of filling the empty sandbags, and the difficulty of removing the filled sandbags when they are no longer needed. Additionally, a temporary sandbag levee is effective in redirecting some of the liquid flow but is not sufficient to contain the liquid.

[0004] In other areas, specifically those related to longer-term storage and rerouting of fluids above ground, expensive infrastructure and / or construction methods are required to contain and reroute the fluids. For example, for long-term containment, pools may be excavated with heavy machinery, or permanent containment structures such as tanks may be transported and installed or constructed on-site. While such methods are effective for the permanent containment or rerouting of fixed volumes of liquid, they involve considerable cost and labor to implement. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0005] Overview Historically, sandbags were constructed on-site (or constructed off-site and delivered) to create barriers by hand to temporarily contain or divert the flow of liquids. This method of constructing barriers for fluid containment and diversion is unusually time-consuming, requires a large team of people to construct and / or place the sandbags, and additionally requires a large quantity of specific raw material (sand) to fill the sandbags. Furthermore, dismantling the barrier requires an equally large team of people to facilitate the removal of the raw materials from the barrier site.

[0006] In other areas of fluid containment, large earthen or other artificial containment ponds are often constructed by excavating large areas of level ground or by building earthen barriers on top of them, utilizing pads (e.g., poured concrete) to receive and transport fluids. The majority of the level ground related to the pad supports the fluid storage, and its excavation (or movement of materials related to the pad) requires a considerable amount of labor and mechanical effort. In addition, constructing the pad with concrete requires a huge amount of material and also requires transporting it to the construction site. Moreover, the concrete itself must be hardened (dried) before use in fluid containment. Exemplary containment pond structures produced on top of a pad include the area excavated for the pad and / or a pond above ground constructed on a level surface.

[0007] The disadvantages of the fluid containment techniques described above extend beyond the cost and labor involved in their implementation. For example, sandbag containment structures are relatively easy to construct and are most effective for temporary diversion but ineffective for containment. Therefore, from the perspective of mitigating flood damage, sandbag barriers can prevent structures (e.g., houses) from being washed away by diverting the direction of flowing water, but they are not sufficient to prevent the intrusion of stagnant water. As for more permanent structures that are more effective than sandbags, using them in a similar manner to sandbags to mitigate flood damage immediately before a potential flood event is often impractical. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] Large, flexible containment tubes reduce reliance on specific raw materials, lower installation costs, and decrease the number of personnel required to construct barriers of a given length and height for fluid diversion and containment. For example, to construct a section of a barrier during a flood for floodwater diversion and containment, one large containment tube (or tube) can replace tens or hundreds of sandbags. In another example, one large tube can replace a more permanent structure with respect to fluid containment. Furthermore, filling the tubes can be carried out through the use of any liquid substance, such as water, ready-mix concrete, or other fluids, or, in certain configurations, through the use of expanding and hardening foams (e.g., polyurethane foam) or gases, which can be pumped into the tubes.

[0009] The material used to fill the tube can depend on the application; for example, water may be used in the case of a temporary barrier constructed to redirect floodwaters. In another example, for a more permanent barrier with respect to fluid containment, concrete may be used, in which case the concrete, once dry, forms the barrier in place of the tube's own body. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0010] The teaching of the embodiments can be easily understood by considering the following detailed description in conjunction with the attached drawings. [Figure 1] This figure shows an exemplary embodiment of an earthen anchor for securing a diversion levee. [Figure 2] This figure shows an exemplary embodiment of a soil anchor for fixing a vapor barrier. [Figure 3A] This figure shows a vapor barrier configuration when constructing a diversion levee according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 3B1]This figure shows a vapor barrier configuration when constructing a diversion levee according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 3B2] This figure shows a vapor barrier configuration when constructing a diversion levee according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 3C1] This figure shows a vapor barrier configuration when constructing a diversion levee according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 3C2] This figure shows a vapor barrier configuration when constructing a diversion levee according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 4A] This figure shows an integral vapor barrier with a flexible containment tube according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 4B] This figure shows an integral vapor barrier with a flexible containment tube according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 4C] This figure shows an integral vapor barrier with a flexible containment tube according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 5] This figure shows a sleeve end for a flexible containment tube according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 6A] This figure shows a flexible containment tube connector according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 6B] This figure shows a flexible containment tube connector according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 7A1] This figure shows a flexible containment tube contact portion according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 7A2] This figure shows a flexible containment tube contact portion according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 7B1] This figure shows a flexible containment tube contact portion according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 7B2] This figure shows a flexible containment tube contact portion according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 7C] This figure shows a flexible containment tube contact portion according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 7D]A diagram showing a flexible containment tube abutment according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 7E] A diagram showing a flexible containment tube abutment according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 8A] A diagram showing a valve system of a flexible containment tube according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 8B] A diagram showing a valve system of a flexible containment tube according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 8C] A diagram showing a valve system of a flexible containment tube according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 9] A diagram showing the force of hydrostatic pressure that increases with the height of the contained fluid. [Figure 10] A diagram showing the downward force of the contained fluid that increases with the force of hydrostatic pressure when the height of the contained fluid rises.

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0011] The figures and the following description are by way of example only and relate to preferred embodiments. It should be noted that from the following considerations, alternative embodiments of the structures and methods disclosed herein can be readily understood as viable alternatives that can be used without departing from the principles of the embodiments.

[0012] Here, several embodiments are referred to in detail, and examples thereof are illustrated in the accompanying figures. It should be noted that wherever possible, similar or like reference numerals may be used in the figures and can indicate similar or like functionality. The figures show the embodiments for illustrative purposes only.

[0013] In one implementation, multiple flexible containment tubes can form sections of a dike for redirecting floodwaters. For example, multiple vinyl-coated polyester tubes with a diameter of 19 inches (48.26 cm) can be filled with water and stacked on top of each other to create a temporary diversion dike. Multiple sections of the dike can be joined together to form longer sections of the dike. These temporary sections can be constructed by stacking the tubes in a pyramidal manner and by filling each flexible containment tube with water from the incoming floodwaters or from local water taps (or other means). The containment tubes can be secured together by tying them with polyester cords and can also be fastened to the ground by anchors such as screw-type anchors (ground stakes). Additionally, vapor barriers or plastic membranes can be wrapped around the dike sections and / or sewn through flexible containment tubes when they are installed before filling, creating seepage barriers (e.g., within and between adjacent dike sections) and reinforcing the dike sections. Furthermore, ground sheet weights and / or additional ground anchors can be used to secure portions of the vapor barriers extending into the containment area.

[0014] Exemplary fluid containment tube and related structure Figure 1 shows an earthen anchor for securing a diversion levee according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown, a section of the diversion levee 100 includes a plurality of flexible containment tubes 10 stacked in a pyramidal shape. That is, with respect to the pyramidal shape, the base layer includes a plurality of tubes, and the number of tubes decreases as additional layers are added. As shown, the illustrated section of the diversion levee 100 has a 3-2-1 pyramidal configuration, which has a base layer (e.g., the first layer) of three tubes 10a, 10b, and 10c, which decreases by one with respect to each subsequent layer (e.g., tubes 10d, 10e in the second layer, and tube 10f in the top layer). Other configurations may include additional or fewer base tubes in the first layer, and may also have a top layer containing two or more tubes. For example, pyramidal configurations such as 4-3-2-1, 5-4-3, and 5-3-2-1 can be realized.

[0015] In one embodiment, the tube 10 is a flexible fluid containment structure that is installed in a desired configuration, for example, alone or in a pyramidal dam section 100 as illustrated in Figure 1. The tube 10 is installed by connecting its ends, making it possible to construct a diversion dam longer than the tube body itself. In some embodiments, the dam section 100 may be arranged to form an enclosure or enclosed area (e.g., square, circular, rectangular, or other shape) for either holding fluid for containment or diverting fluid. In such cases, the positions of the tube ends may be offset. Thus, for example, when additional diversion dam sections are brought into contact together to create a longer barrier, or when creating an angle between one dam section and another, the ends of the tube 10 illustrated in Figure 1 may not be coplanar and may be offset.

[0016] An example flexible containment tube 10, when filled, is approximately 100 feet (30.48 m) long, has a diameter ranging from 1 foot (30.48 cm) to over 3 feet (91.44 cm), and holds 750,000 gallons (2839 m³). 3 It is possible to have a volume exceeding ). Therefore, the weight of the tube can range from approximately 3 tons to much greater, depending on the dimensions and the material used to fill it (for example, water versus concrete, or significantly lighter when gas is used). Before filling, the tubes can be rolled along their length for compact storage and transport. Due to their flexible nature, the length of each containment tube 10 can be positioned to take almost any shape when empty, such as a square, a 7, or an arc, making it possible to construct barriers around structures and avoid obstacles. For example, in areas where trees, other obstacles, or land boundaries need to be taken into consideration, the tubes 10 can be easily positioned around trees or other obstacles when empty and then filled.

[0017] Tube 10 itself is configured to store a fluid, such as water or gas (e.g., air), concrete, or other material, which may be readily available on site. A valve is disposed within the flexible body of the flexible containment tube and is capable of receiving fluid from the connection to a filling device, which facilitates the flow of fluid into the tube through one or more valves. The valve may further be configured to prevent the discharge of undesirable fluid. Thus, when installed around an obstacle in the desired configuration, one or more tubes can be filled via a fluid filling device connected to the valve. An exemplary fluid filling device may include a pump or a hose or pipe, and it may be supplied with fluid by pump or gravity, and in the case of gas, by a pressurized canister or compressor. In practice, for example, once the base layers of tubes 10a to c are installed, they can be filled via a filling device, such as a hose and pump connected to valves disposed within each tube, and additional tubes (e.g., tubes 10d to f, or abutting tubes (not shown)) can be installed and subsequently filled via the filling device as desired to provide on-demand fluid containment or diversion.

[0018] Tube 10 or a group of tubes (for example, in a pyramidal configuration) can be fixed in various ways, some of which are illustrated by the example relating to a directional dike section 100. According to one embodiment, tube 10 may include one or more strap loops 32 connected to the flexible body of the tube. The strap loops 32 have a diameter large enough to accommodate a strap 13 of a given width. For example, a given strap loop 32 may have a diameter of 2.75 in (6.985 cm) to accommodate a strap 13 having a maximum width of 2.5 in (6.35 cm), and may have a diameter of 3.25 in (8.255 cm) to accommodate a strap 13 having a maximum width of 3 in (7.62 cm), and so on. The strap loops 32 connected to the flexible body of tube 10 help prevent the tube from shifting along its length by the use of the corresponding straps 13, and further help maintain the position of the tube in their desired configuration relating to the dike section 100. Only two strap loops 32a, 32b are illustrated, i.e., one for each of the tubes 10a and 10c, but the tubes 10a and 10c may include additional strap loops 32 positioned as desired around and below their flexible bodies. Furthermore, other tubes may include strap loops (not shown) for accommodating straps 13 adjacent to their flexible bodies. For example, one or more of the tubes 10b, 10d, 10f, and 10e may include strap loops connected to their flexible bodies so that straps 13 can be inserted through the strap loops and maintain the position of the tubes. In larger pyramidal formations, for example in 4-3-2-1, the inner tubes 10 are not adjacent to a given strap 13 wrapped around the outside of the dike section, and the straps may be interwoven between the tubes and / or additional straps may be utilized.For example, the first strap may be used to wrap around the outside of the 4-3-2-1 levee section, and the second strap may be used to wrap around the 3-2-1 section, which may be further inserted through strap loops connected to the tubes that make up the four tube base layers.

[0019] As shown, strap 13 passes through strap loops 32a and 32b on tubes 10a and 10c, respectively, and also around the levee section 100, securing the tubes 10 of the levee section together. Although not shown, strap 13 may pass through any additional number of strap loops (also not shown) on other tubes. As described above, strap loops 32 and strap 13 help prevent the shift of the tubes along their length and maintain the tubes in their desired configuration with respect to the levee section 100, but they do not prevent the shift of the entire levee section 100 relative to the ground 101.

[0020] In one embodiment, earth anchors 3 fixed to the ground 101 help prevent the shifting of individual tubes or embankment sections 100 relative to the ground 101. As shown, earth anchors (e.g., 3a and 3b) may be installed at the base level edge, along their length, adjacent to the main body of the tube (e.g., 10a and 10c). An exemplary earth anchor 3a includes a ground fixing mechanism, for example, a pile 5 and a pile driving portion 7. For example, the driving portion 7 is an opening in the earth anchor 3a that can receive the pile 5. The configuration of the pile 5 and the driving portion 7 can be such that the driving portion can receive the tip and shaft of the pile as it is driven into the ground 101, but not the other end of the pile. In this way, once the pile 5 is driven sufficiently into the ground 101 through the driving portion 7, the anchor 3a cannot be removed from the pile 5. In other words, once the pile 5 is driven into the ground 101 through the pile driving portion 7, the soil anchor 3a remains fixed to the ground 101 until the pile 5 is removed from the ground 101.

[0021] Embodiments of the pile 5 can differ based on the composition of the ground 101. For example, a pile 5 for a concrete surface can differ from a pile for soil, clay, sand, etc. Furthermore, different lengths of the pile 5 can be selected based on the type of ground to reach a specific depth in the ground 101. For example, a pile 5 for concrete can be shorter than a pile for soil, however they can provide similar resistance to removal. The pile 5 may be configured with a helical ridge, which, like that of a screw, begins at the tip that is driven into the ground 101 and extends to the shaft toward the opposite end, so that rotation of the pile in one direction drives the tip of the pile further into the ground 101, and rotation of the pile in the opposite direction pulls the pile out of the ground.

[0022] The earth anchor 3 may include a strap loop 9 disposed within the earth anchor, and the strap 13 around the tube 10 may pass through the strap loop 9 or, otherwise, be attached to the strap loop 9 (for example, at the end of the strap). The strap loop 9 is configured to have a diameter similar to that of the strap loop (e.g., 32a) and is capable of receiving the strap 13. Including the strap loop 9 secures the earth anchor 3 to the adjacent tube 10 and also secures the tube to the anchor. For example, as shown, the strap 13 passes through the strap loop 9 of the earth anchor 3a and secures the earth anchor 3a to the body of the tube 10a. In some embodiments, only a pile 5 may be used, in which case the upper end of the pile 5 includes a strap loop for receiving the strap 13. The exemplary strap loop at the upper end of the pile 5 may be a metal eye or a hook having a diameter or opening large enough to receive the strap 13 itself.

[0023] One or more additional earth anchors (not shown) may be installed along the length of the main body of the tube 10a, as desired. Additionally, as shown, earth anchors 3a, 3b may be installed along the length of each side of the embankment section 100 (or, in other embodiments, the individual tubes). Earth anchors 3b are constructed in a similar manner to earth anchors 3a and are capable of fixing anchors 3b to the tube 10c and the ground 101, preventing the embankment section 100 from shifting relative to the ground.

[0024] The number of anchors 3 per length of the dike section 100 may be determined by the length and height of the dike section. The higher the dike section 100, the more anchors 3 may be used. This is because the horizontal force of the contained fluid on the dike section increases with the depth of the contained fluid. This horizontal force is known as hydrostatic pressure or Hk, and is characterized by the specific weight (r) of the contained fluid and the square of the depth (h) of the contained fluid. Specifically, Hk = (r / 2) * h 2 The line of action of Hk is at h / 3 above the base of the dike section. The dike section 100 must resist hydrostatic pressure so that it remains in place. Briefly referring to Figure 9, the graph illustrates the exponential increase in force per 10 feet (3.048 m) of the dike section 100 (at 1000 lb (453.6 kg)) due to hydrostatic pressure as the height of the contained fluid increases in inches. In one embodiment, approximately three anchors 3, each with a pile providing a fixing force of 2 to 10 tons, are utilized per 100 ft (30.48 m) length of the dike section 100 for each of the pyramidal tubes 10 (because the number of tubes correlates with the height of the dike section and therefore with the possible height of the contained fluid). In the above anchoring scheme, a safety factor may be incorporated to protect against additional horizontal forces, such as the action of waves, which increase the force that the dike section 100 must withstand against hydrostatic pressure on its own. For example, if the anchoring force provided by the multiple piles used for each dike section is precisely matched to the hydrostatic pressure, the weight of the tube itself, along with other reinforcing features described herein (e.g., including a vapor barrier extending into the containment area), can provide a sufficient safety factor.

[0025] Figure 2 shows an earth anchor for securing the vapor barrier 15 according to an exemplary embodiment. The earth anchor 3 shown in Figure 2 may have a configuration similar to that of Figure 1. For example, the earth anchor 3 may include a strap loop (not shown) for securing the anchor to the tube 10a using a strap, which may be wrapped around the embankment section 200 or through the tube 10 within the embankment section. The tube 10 of the embankment section 200 itself is shown in a configuration similar to that of Figure 1.

[0026] In comparison with the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the embankment section 200 illustrated in Figure 2 includes a vapor barrier 15, which provides additional resistance to the intrusion of fluid through the embankment section 200. In one embodiment, the vapor barrier 15 is a waterproof material such as polyvisqueen or other material that prevents the intrusion of fluid through its surface. In one embodiment, the polyvisqueen is between 5 and 15 millimeters thick. In some embodiments, the polyvisqueen is reinforced with embedded webbing material, such as nylon strands (e.g., string).

[0027] The vapor barrier 15 can be wrapped over the tube of the embankment section 200, wrapped under the tube of the embankment section 200, and / or wrapped through the tube of the embankment section 200, depending on the configuration. Additionally, the vapor barrier 15 can extend along the length of a portion or the entire length of the embankment section 200, and can include multiple overlapping sections to extend over the entire length or a portion of the embankment section. In one embodiment, the vapor barrier 15 extends over the length of the embankment section 200, and the tube ends abut against each other (for example, at the joint of two embankment sections 200), creating an embankment section longer than the tube 10 itself. The joint of the two embankment sections 200 may be in a line, at an angle, or in other configurations. In the case of the pyramidal levee section 200, one or more tubes may be staggered to facilitate bending (for example, tubes 10b, 10c, and 10e inside the barrier may be staggered behind tubes 10a, 10d, and 10f for right-angle bends). Similarly, corresponding tubes in additional levee sections may be configured to abut against tube 10 of levee section 200 and form joints that bend at right angles (for example, staggered).

[0028] The vapor barrier 15 configuration may include a portion extending from beneath the rear 15b of the dike section 200 and a portion extending upward from the front base of the dike section to the front 15a of the dike section, forming part of the containment area. In the illustrated configuration, the vapor barrier 15 extends beneath the earth anchor 3, which secures the vapor barrier 15 to the ground 101 by driving piles 5 through the vapor barrier into the ground 101. Furthermore, the vapor barrier 15 may be folded at the rear portion 15b, with the front portion 15a extending upward from the front base of the dike section to the front surface of the dike section 200, and an additional portion 15c may extend from the front base of the dike section along the ground 101 into the fluid containment area. The additional section 15c extends from the front base of the dike section 200 into the containment area for a length of 1 to 3 yards (0.9144 to 2.743 m) or more, and can mitigate erosion of the ground 101 beneath the dike section 200 by the contained fluid. The additional section 15c may be fixed to the ground 101 at its extended end by additional earth anchors and / or weights (not shown).

[0029] The earth anchor 3 may be configured with an inclined surface 8, providing a gentle slope connecting to the main body of the adjacent tube 10a such that a portion of the vapor barrier 15a lies over it as it extends upward from the front base forming the containment area to the front surface of the dike section 200. Additionally, the driven portion 7 of the earth anchor 3 may be configured so that the driven end of the pile 5 does not extend beyond the inclined surface 8 of the earth anchor 3. In this way, rupture or puncture of the portion of the vapor barrier 15a connecting to the front surface of the dike section 200 in the containment area can be reduced.

[0030] Figure 3A shows a configuration of a vapor barrier 15 when constructing a diversion levee according to an exemplary embodiment. The earth anchors 3a and 3b shown in Figure 3A may have a configuration similar to that of Figure 1. For example, the earth anchors 3a and 3b may include strap loops (not shown) for securing the anchors to tubes 10a and 10c, respectively, using straps, which may be wrapped around the levee section 300a or through the tubes 10 within the levee section. The tubes 10 of the levee section 300a themselves are shown in a configuration similar to that of Figure 1.

[0031] In comparison with the embodiment in Figure 1, the dike section 300a illustrated in Figure 3A includes a vapor barrier 15, which provides additional resistance to the intrusion of fluid through the dike section 300a. In one embodiment, the vapor barrier 15 is a waterproof material such as polyvisqueen or other material that prevents the intrusion of fluid through its surface. In some embodiments, the polyvisqueen is between 5 and 15 millimeters thick. In some embodiments, the polyvisqueen is reinforced with embedded webbing material, such as nylon strands (e.g., string).

[0032] The vapor barrier 15 can be wrapped over the tube of the embankment section 300a, wrapped under the tube of the embankment section 300a, and / or wrapped through the tube of the embankment section 300a, depending on its configuration. Additionally, the vapor barrier 15 can extend along the length of a portion or the entire length of the embankment section 300a, and can include multiple overlapping sections to extend over the entire length or a portion of the embankment section. In one embodiment, the vapor barrier 15 extends over the length of the embankment section 300a, with the tube ends abutting each other (for example, at the joint of two embankment sections 300a), creating an embankment section longer than the tube 10 itself. The joint of the two embankment sections 300a may be in a line, at an angle, or in any other configuration. In the case of pyramidal levee section 300a, one or more tubes may be staggered to facilitate bending (for example, tubes 10b, 10c, and 10e inside the barrier may be staggered behind tubes 10a, 10d, and 10f for right-angle bends). Similarly, corresponding tubes in additional levee sections may be configured to abut against tube 10 of levee section 300a and form joints that bend at right angles (for example, staggered).

[0033] The vapor barrier 15 configuration may extend from beneath the rear 15b of the dike section 300a and may also include a portion extending upward from the front base of the dike section to the front 15a of the dike section, forming part of the containment area. As shown in the illustrated configuration, the vapor barrier 15 extends beneath the earth anchor 3a, which secures the vapor barrier 15 to the ground 101 through the driving of piles 5 into the ground 101. Furthermore, the vapor barrier 15 may be folded at the rear portion 15b, with the front portion 15a extending upward from the front base of the dike section to the front surface of the dike section 300a, and an additional portion 15c may extend from the front base of the dike section along the ground 101 into the fluid containment area. The additional section 15c extends from the front base of the dike section 300a into the containment area for a length of 1 to 3 yards (0.9144 to 2.743 m) or more, and is capable of mitigating erosion of the ground 101 beneath the dike section 300a by the contained fluid. The additional section 15c may be fixed to the ground 101 at its extended end by additional earth anchors and / or weights (not shown).

[0034] In one embodiment, the earth anchor 3a is configured with an inclined surface that provides a gentle slope connecting to the main body of the adjacent tube 10a so that a portion 15a of the vapor barrier 15 lies over it as it extends upward from the front base forming the containment area to the front surface of the dike section 300a. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the driven portion (not shown) of the earth anchor 3a through which the pile 5 is driven may be configured so that the driven end of the pile 5 does not extend beyond the inclined surface of the earth anchor. In this way, rupture or puncture of the vapor barrier portion 15a connecting to the front surface of the dike section 300a in the containment area can be reduced.

[0035] In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 3A, a second earth anchor 3b, which is fixed to the ground 101 via a pile 17, further fixes the rear end of portion 15b of the vapor barrier 15 to the ground 101, for example, by positioning the rear end of portion 15b of the vapor barrier 15b below the earth anchor 15b on the rear base of the embankment section 300a, and by driving the pile 17 into the ground through the rear end of portion 15b of the vapor barrier. Additionally, a portion of the vapor barrier 15a extending upward from the front base of the embankment section to the front surface of the embankment section 300a is fixed to the earth anchor 3b beyond the top of the embankment section 300a, for example, via a connecting strap 19 to the pile 17 or to a strap loop (not shown) of the earth anchor 3b. In some embodiments, the front portion 15a of the vapor barrier 15 can be long enough to extend beyond the top of the embankment section 300a to the rear base of the embankment section and be secured to or via earth anchors 3b without the assistance of connecting straps 19. In either case, the vapor barrier 15 is secured to the ground 101 via earth anchors, piles, and / or straps.

[0036] Securing the vapor barrier 15 to the ground 101 on both sides of the dike section 300a of one or more tubes 10 offers several unexpected benefits. The tubes 10 themselves can also be secured to the ground 101 (as illustrated, for example, with reference to Figure 1). Therefore, if the vapor barrier 15 is impermeable to the fluid, for example, in the case of a vapor barrier constructed from polyvisqueen, the tubes 10 only need to provide shape to the dike section 300a. This is because the portion 15a of the vapor barrier extending upward from the front base in the containment area to the front surface of the dike section substantially prevents fluid transfer through the dike section. Thus, in configurations such as those illustrated in Figure 3A, the tubes 10 can be filled with a substance of substantially different density from the fluid being contained. For example, when considering the containment of a fluid such as water, the tubes 10 can be filled with air or other gases. As the contained fluid rises against the front portion 15a of the vapor barrier, the fluid pressure increases with depth, compressing the front portion of the vapor barrier below the surface of the contained fluid against the main body of tube 10a, then against tube 10d, and so on. Due to the pyramidal shape of the dike section 300a and the front portion 15a of the impermeable vapor barrier pressed against the tube along the front surface of the dike section in the containment area, as the depth of the contained fluid increases, columns of the contained fluid develop above the lower levels of the tube above the front surface of the dike section, below the surface of the contained fluid. For example, columns of the contained fluid develop above portions of tube 10a, then 10b, and so on. This is because, as the depth of the contained fluid increases, they move below the surface of the contained fluid. The weight of the column of the contained fluid, which is above a portion of the tube and below the surface of the contained fluid, increases with the depth of the contained fluid (i.e., because the height of the column increases with the depth of the contained fluid).Since the front portion 15a of the vapor barrier is impermeable to the contained fluid, the weight of the fluid column developing over a portion of the tube (e.g., 10a) pushes the tube downward through the vapor barrier. This downward force of the weight of the contained fluid acting on the lower level tube, e.g., tube 10a, through the front portion 15a of the vapor barrier helps prevent the embankment section 300a from shifting. For example, the downward force works in conjunction with one or more anchors, piles, and / or straps that secure the embankment section 300a to prevent the contained fluid from generating a horizontal force sufficient to push the embankment section aside. Furthermore, due to the downward force generated by configuring the embankment section 300a in this manner, in some embodiments, the tube 10 may be filled with a fluid having a lower density than the contained fluid. Specifically, the tube along the front surface of the dike section 300a within the containment area is pressed downward against the ground 101 (and relative to the lower level tube) by the contained fluid itself as the surface of the contained fluid rises, thereby reducing the intrusion of the contained fluid under and / or through the dike section, and the dike strength is greatly improved, and the density of the fluid filling the tube and / or the anchor strength can be reduced. In this way, although the tube may not be fully filled with gas, the amount of fluid used to fill the tube 10 can be substantially reduced, for example, through partial filling with water and, for example, through partial filling with air, without reducing the effectiveness of the dike section 300a.

[0037] Figures 3B1 and 3B2 show the configuration of the vapor barrier 15 when constructing a diversion levee according to an exemplary embodiment. Although not shown, piles 17a and 17b can be driven through earth anchors to secure the vapor barrier 15 to the ground 101. In some embodiments, the weight of the tube 10 holds the vapor barrier to the ground, so piles 17a and / or piles 17b are used to secure the vapor barrier 15 to the ground 101. For example, only the front pile 17a may be implemented to secure the vapor barrier 15 to the ground 101. The tube 10 itself in the levee section 300b is shown in a configuration similar to that in Figure 1.

[0038] The dike section 300b illustrated in Figure 3B1 includes a vapor barrier 15, which provides additional resistance to the intrusion of fluid through the dike section 300b and also provides additional reinforcement to the dike section 300b. In one embodiment, the vapor barrier 15 is a waterproof material such as polybisqueen, which prevents the intrusion of the contained fluid through its surface.

[0039] The vapor barrier 15 can be wrapped over the tube of the embankment section 300b, wrapped under the tube of the embankment section 300b, and / or wrapped through the tube of the embankment section 300b, depending on the configuration. Additionally, the vapor barrier 15 can extend along the length of a portion or the entire length of the embankment section 300b, and can include multiple overlapping sections to extend over the entire length or a portion of the embankment section. In one embodiment, the vapor barrier 15 extends over the length of the embankment section 300b, and the tube ends abut against each other (for example, at the joint of two embankment sections 300b), creating an embankment section longer than the tube 10 itself. The joint of the two embankment sections 300b can be in a straight line, at a certain angle, or in other configurations. In the case of pyramidal levee section 300b, one or more tubes may be staggered to facilitate bending (for example, tubes 10b, 10c, and 10e inside the barrier may be staggered behind tubes 10a, 10d, and 10f for right-angle bends). Similarly, corresponding tubes in additional levee sections may be configured to abut against tube 10 of levee section 300b and form joints that bend at right angles (for example, staggered).

[0040] In comparison with the embodiment in Figure 3A, the vapor barrier 15 in Figure 3B1 includes a portion 15b extending from below the front base of the embankment section 300b to the rear base of the embankment section, a portion 15d wrapping around the rear and over the top of the embankment section, and a portion 15a extending downward from the top of the embankment section to the front base of the embankment section facing the front surface of the embankment section 300b, with a portion 15c continuing to extend along the ground 101 from the front base of the embankment section into the fluid containment area. As shown, the vapor barrier 15 may be fixed to the ground 101 at the front by ground piles 17a and optionally at the rear by additional piles 17b, which may be driven through ground anchors (not shown). The vapor barrier portion 15c extending from the front of the dike section 300b extends for a length of 1 to 3 yards (0.9144 to 2.743 m) or more from the front base of the dike section into the containment area and is capable of mitigating erosion of the ground 101 beneath the dike section 300b. The vapor barrier portion 15c extending into the containment area can be fixed to the ground 101 in close proximity to the front base of the dike section 300b and at its end. For example, the vapor barrier portion 15c can be fixed to the ground 101 in close proximity to the front surface of the front base of the dike section 300b and at its extended end by additional earth anchors and piles (not shown) and / or by weights 31a and 31b, respectively, as shown.

[0041] In the illustrated embodiment, the portion 15a of the vapor barrier extending downward from the front surface of the dike section 300b, and the portion 15c of the vapor barrier continuing to extend from the front base of the dike section into the containment area, provide several unexpected benefits in resisting the hydrostatic pressure of the contained fluid against the dike section 300b. Specifically, the effect resulting from the downward force of the fluid column against the vapor barrier, due to the weight of the contained fluid column pushing down portion 15c of the vapor barrier and the weight of the contained fluid column pushing down portion 15a of the vapor barrier extending downward from the front surface of the dike section 300b below the surface of the contained fluid, is similar to a person standing on a board (e.g., vapor barrier 15) (e.g., the weight of the fluid) while simultaneously trying to lift the board (e.g., a lateral force due to the hydrostatic pressure against the front surface of the dike section 300b). A brief look at Figure 10 shows that the figure illustrates, in pounds per foot of dike section, the downward force of an exemplary contained fluid (water) acting on a dike with a ratio of 1V (vertical):1H (horizontal) compared to the lateral force of the contained fluid, which is shown in pounds per foot of dike section. The 1V:1H ratio represents an exemplary dike section with a front face having a 45-degree incline, and for example, it represents an approximation of a pyramidal dike section where, for every 1 foot (30.48 cm) of vertical dike height, the front base of the dike extends 1 foot (30.48 cm) horizontally into the containment area. The downward force generated by the contained fluid due to the column height increases along with the horizontal force of hydrostatic pressure as the height of the contained fluid increases. The downward force is characterized by the specific gravity (r) of the contained fluid, the depth (h) of the contained fluid, and the ratio of the vertical to the horizontal of the embankment. For an exemplary 1V:1H ratio, the downward force generated by a fluid with depth (h) is r / 2*h 2This is equal to . Therefore, when hydrostatic pressure acts laterally (for example, horizontally) on the front surface of the dike section 300b, the downward force of the water column acting on the inclined front surface 15a of section 15c and the vapor barrier (and thus on the tube) helps to resist the movement of the dike caused by the lateral force of hydrostatic pressure.

[0042] Continuing with Figure 3B1, as shown, the portion 15d of the vapor barrier extending upward on the rear surface from the rear base to the top of the dike section 300b passes through one or more of the tubes 10 inside the dike section, helping to resist the downward tensile force of the water column on the portion 15a of the vapor barrier extending downward on the front surface of the dike section. Figure 3B2 illustrates an alternative configuration in which the portion 15d of the vapor barrier extending upward on the rear surface does not pass through one or more of the tubes 10 inside the dike section 300b. In this example, the weight of one or more piles and / or ground anchors, as well as the weight of the tubes 10 above the portion 15b of the vapor barrier extending below the dike section 300b, resists the downward tensile force of the portion 15a of the vapor barrier extending downward on the front surface of the dike section. The configuration illustrated in Figure 3B2 may be easier to implement when the weight of the tube and / or the piles and anchors provide sufficient strength to resist tensile forces.

[0043] Figures 3C1 and 3C2 show the configuration of the vapor barrier 15 when constructing a diversion dike section according to an exemplary embodiment. Specifically, Figures 3C1 and 3C2 illustrate the additional benefits of constructing a diversion dike similar to those illustrated in Figures 3B1 and 3B2 when the contained fluid seeps under and through portions 15a of the vapor barrier at the front face of the dike section and / or portions 15c of the vapor barrier extending into the containment area.

[0044] As shown in Figure 3C1, the leachate gap 33 can exist between the portion 15b of the vapor barrier extending from the front base of the embankment section 300c through under the tube 10c to the rear base, and the portions 15a and 15c of the vapor barrier extending downwards toward the front base and into the containment area. When the level 35a of the contained fluid 32 rises within the containment area, the contained fluid can leach into the ground 101 beyond the portions 15c of the vapor barrier extending into the containment area. The contained fluid can then leach upward from the ground 101 through the gap 33 and into the interior 34 of the vapor barrier surrounding the tube 10. Additionally, the contained fluid may seep into the interior 34 through the overlapping section of the vapor barrier 15 along the dike section 300c, or through punctures, which may occur in the extended portion 15c of the vapor barrier within the containment area, and / or in the portion 15a of the vapor barrier extending downward on the front surface.

[0045] As long as portion 15b of the vapor barrier extending beneath the dike section 300c remains fixed and portions 15b and 15d of the vapor barrier remain relatively puncture-free (i.e., punctures do not allow the fluid to escape faster than the rate of leachation into the interior 34 of the dike section), the leachating fluid is substantially contained within the interior of the dike section by the vapor barrier 15. The level 35b of the fluid leachating into the interior 34 of the dike section 300c can then rise to a level substantially similar to the surface level 35a of the contained fluid.

[0046] The leaching of the contained fluid 32 from the containment area into the interior 34 of the dike section 300c might initially appear as a failure of the dike section 300c, however, this is not the case when the vapor barrier 15 adequately retains the fluid leaching into the interior 34. In fact, some unexpected benefits are obtained in such cases. When the fluid level 35b in the interior 34 of the dike section 300c rises, it counteracts the hydrostatic pressure on the front face of the dike section due to the level 35a of the contained fluid in the containment area. Specifically, the contained fluid 32 in the containment area generates a lateral force acting on the front face of the dike section 300c (which could shift the entire dike section), while the fluid in the interior 34 of the dike section generates a similar force, but it is in the opposite direction. In fact, when the fluid level 35b inside the interior 34 is substantially equal to the fluid level 35a of the fluid 32 contained within the containment area, the lateral force from inside the interior that pushes portion 15a of the vapor barrier away from the front surface (for example, into the containment area) due to the fluid level inside substantially cancels out the lateral force from inside the interior that pushes portion 15a of the vapor barrier into the front surface due to the fluid level inside the containment area. Therefore, as the fluid level 35b inside the dike section 300c rises, the force of the contained fluid 32 on the front surface of the dike section is reduced, making the dike section less prone to shifting.

[0047] As the fluid level 35b inside the embankment section 34 rises, the force on the front surface of the embankment section 300c due to the hydrostatic pressure of the contained fluid 32 may be mitigated. However, the fluid inside generates a lateral force acting outward from the inside of the embankment section against the portion 15d of the vapor barrier at the rear of the embankment section. For this reason, embodiments of the vapor barrier 15 may include reinforcing webbing to increase durability. The vapor barrier 15 and fixing straps (not shown) around the embankment section 300c resist this hydrostatic force due to the fluid level 35b inside. Importantly, the force on the portion 15b of the vapor barrier from inside the embankment section 300c due to the hydrostatic pressure of the fluid level 35b does not act to shift the embankment section. Allowing the vapor barrier 15 to weave around one or more tubes 10 within the interior 34 (as shown, for example, in Figure 3B1) helps resist hydrostatic forces from the fluid level 35b within the interior 34, and thus reduces the possibility of the vapor barrier 15 shifting due to hydrostatic pressure from the fluid within the interior 34. For example, in embodiments where the vapor barrier 15 passes between one or more tubes 10 within the interior of the dike section (as shown, for example, in Figure 3B1), increasing the fluid level 35b within the interior 34 of the dike section may cause a column of water to form above one or more portions of the vapor barrier within the interior (e.g., the portion below tube 10f), which provides downward pressure due to the weight of the fluid column (e.g., similar to the downward force acting on the front surface of the dike section). This downward pressure on the vapor barrier 15 running through the interior presses the vapor barrier against the lower level of the tube, which reduces the shift of the vapor barrier, the tube 10, and the levee section 300c itself when leachate occurs.

[0048] As the fluid level 35b in the interior 34 rises, portion 15d of the vapor barrier can bulge outward due to outward hydrostatic forces. Additionally, the weight of the fluid column in the interior 34 exerts a downward force on the bulging area and portion 15b of the vapor barrier. Combining the downward force and bulging action to seal portions 15d and 15b of the vapor barrier against the ground 101 at the rear face of the dike section 300c is beneficial in helping to prevent the fluid from rupturing the dike section. Figure 3C2 illustrates the above principle in practice.

[0049] Figure 3C2 illustrates a 2-1 pyramidal dam section 300d constructed in accordance with the principles described in relation to Figure 3C1. As shown, the dam section 300d includes a fluid 32 within a containment area and a vapor barrier 15 wrapped around the dam section. The vapor barrier 15 includes a portion 15b, which extends from the front of the dam section 300d, under tube 10x, and then under tube 10y, to the rear of the dam section 300d. The portion 15b of the vapor barrier is followed by a portion 15d of the vapor barrier, which, at the rear of the dam section 300d, wraps around tube 10y, and further, at the top of the dam section, wraps around tube 10z, and continues to a portion 15a of the vapor barrier. The vapor barrier portion 15a extends downward from the top of the levee section 300d with its front face facing downward, and may also include an extension (not shown) that extends along the ground 101 into the containment area.

[0050] Stake 17a secures anchor 3a to the ground 101 by strap 13a, which is connected to the anchor and also wraps around the tube, securing the embankment section 300d to the ground at the rear. To further secure the embankment section to the ground, strap 13a can be wrapped around the vapor barrier 15 and tube 10 from the rear of the embankment section 300d to anchors and / or stakes (not shown) at the front of the embankment section. Additional anchors, stakes, and straps, along with corresponding anchors and stakes (not shown) at the front of the embankment section, can be implemented at given intervals along the rear length of the embankment section 300d. For example, anchor 3b, stake 17b, and strap 13b can secure the embankment section 300d at intervals of 10 feet (3.048 m) or more from anchor 3a. The anchors 3c, piles 17c, and straps 13c can be used to secure the dike sections 300d at equal intervals, for example, 10 feet (3.048 m). Thus, in this example, dike sections 300d with lengths of 30 feet or more (9.144 m or more) are secured to contain the fluid 32 within the containment area. The spacing at which the anchors, piles, and straps are positioned can vary based on the height of the dike sections 300d, the composition of the ground, and whether the contained fluid can create waves acting on the dike sections.

[0051] As shown, the fluid 32 from the containment area seeps into the interior 34 of the dike section 300d up to level 35b, and level 35b can be substantially the same as level 35a of the fluid in the containment area. Thus, portion 15d of the vapor barrier at the rear of the dike section 300d bulges outward due to the force of the hydrostatic pressure of the fluid at level 35b in the interior 34 acting outward from within the interior 34 of the dike section 300d. The downward force due to the column of fluid in the interior 34 presses the bottom of the bulge 37 in portion 15d of the vapor barrier against the ground 101, which helps to reduce the seepage of fluid from both the interior 34 of the dike section and the containment area, through the rear of the dike section 300d, and below the rear of the dike section 300d.

[0052] Figures 4A, 4B, and 4C show an integral vapor barrier 400 of a flexible containment tube 10 according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in Figure 4A, the tube 10 includes an integral vapor barrier 400 disposed adjacent to the end 41 of its flexible body. Straps, anchors, and / or additional vapor barriers, as previously described, work together with the integral vapor barrier to hold the abutting tubes together, making it possible to form a dike section from abutting tubes of any length.

[0053] A one-piece vapor barrier 400 can be attached to the body of the tube 10. For example, the end 42 of the one-piece vapor barrier 400 can be attached to the body of the tube 10 by thermoforming or other bonding means. In some embodiments, the one-piece vapor barrier 400 is a sleeve that extends over the end 41 of the tube 10 for a predetermined distance. In one embodiment, the distance over which the one-piece vapor barrier 400 extends over the end 41 of the tube 10 is sufficient for the end 42 of the one-piece vapor barrier to engage with the body of the tube 10. When the tube 10 is filled, the body of the tube expands and is attached to the end 42 of the one-piece vapor barrier 400 by compressing the expanding body of the tube at the end 42. In such a case, the end 42 of the one-piece vapor barrier 400 can have a diameter smaller than the diameter of the filled body of the tube 10 in order to be attached by compression. In either case, with one end 42 of the integrated vapor barrier 400 attached to the tube 10, the opposite end 43 includes an opening 47 for receiving an additional tube and extends over a predetermined distance beyond the end 41 of the tube 10.

[0054] In one embodiment, the distance that the opposite end 43 extends beyond the end 41 of the tube 10 is sufficient to engage with the body of an additional tube, which, when filled, forms an attachment with the opposite end 43 via compression. Thus, for example, the opposite end 43 of the vapor barrier 400 may be configured similarly to the end 42 in a sleeve configuration. For example, the sleeve may extend 1 to 3 feet (30.48 to 91.44 cm) over the body of the tube 10 and also include the remaining 1 to 3 feet (30.48 to 91.44 cm) from the opening 47 to engage with the body of another tube inserted into the opening 47. Thus, the integrated vapor barrier 400 may have an overall length of approximately 2 to 6 feet (60.96 to 182.9 cm).

[0055] In one embodiment, the integrated vapor barrier 400 is constructed from a waterproof material such as polyvisqueen, rubber, or other material similar to that used to construct the tube 10 or vapor barrier 15, to prevent fluid intrusion through its surface. Thus, for example, when an additional tube is inserted into the opening 47 as illustrated in Figure 4B, fluid intrusion between the abutting tube ends 41a, 41b can be reduced. Including straps, loops, and / or anchors to prevent the tube from shifting relative to the ground, such as those shown in Figure 1, helps maintain the engagement of the tube within the integrated vapor barrier 400, allowing a seamless dike to be constructed from multiple dike sections of any length. Additionally, vapor barriers, such as those described with reference to Figures 2-3, can be used to wrap around pyramidal dike sections and, in particular, at the joints of two dike sections to which the abutting tube is attached via the integrated vapor barrier 400, further reducing fluid seepage through the dike.

[0056] As shown in Figure 4B, the tube 10a includes an integral vapor barrier 400 disposed adjacent to the end 41a of its flexible body. The integral vapor barrier 400 can be attached to the body of the tube 10a at one end 42 by thermoforming or other bonding means. In some embodiments, the integral vapor barrier 400 is a sleeve that extends over the end 41a of the tube 10a for a predetermined distance and forms an attachment at the end 42 by compression when the tube 10a is filled.

[0057] Figure 4B also shows the end 41b of the tube 10b, which is inserted into the opening 47 at the opposite end 43 of the vapor barrier 400. In one embodiment, the end 41b of the tube 10b is inserted into the opening 47 before the tube 10b is filled. Then, as the tube 10b is filled, the body of the tube 10b expands and, through compression, forms an attachment with the end 43 of the vapor barrier 400. Thus, when the one-piece vapor barrier 400 is constructed from waterproof material, fluid intrusion between the abutting tube ends 41a, 41b can be reduced.

[0058] As shown in Figure 4C, the tube 10a includes an integral vapor barrier 400 disposed adjacent to the end 41a of its flexible body. The integral vapor barrier 400 can be attached to the body of the tube 10a at one end 42 by thermoforming or other bonding means. In some embodiments, the integral vapor barrier 400 is a sleeve that extends over the end 41a of the tube 10a over a predetermined distance and forms the attachment at the end 42 by compression when the tube 10a is filled.

[0059] Figure 4C also shows the end 41b of tube 10b inserted into the opening 47 at the opposite end 43 of the integrated vapor barrier 400. In one embodiment, the end 41b of tube 10b is interlocked with the end 41a of tube 10a in the integrated vapor barrier 400. For example, the end 41 of tube 10 may be wound together, and the integrated vapor barrier 400 may extend over the interlocked ends of tube 10, allowing tube 10b to be inserted into the opening 47 before tube 10 is filled.

[0060] Then, when the tube 10 is filled, the main body of the tube 10 expands within the integrated vapor barrier 400 and, through compression, forms attachments at the end 43 of the integrated vapor barrier (and at the end 42 in the sleeve configuration). Additionally, the interlocked tube ends 41 expand relative to each other within the vapor barrier 400 when the tube 10 is filled, which tightly joins the two tubes together. This is because they are compressed within the wall of the integrated vapor barrier. Thus, when the vapor barrier 400 is constructed from waterproof material, fluid intrusion between the abutting tube ends 41a, 41b can be reduced, and the interlocked connection of the abutting tube ends 41a, 41b secures the tubes 10a, 10b so as not to be pulled apart.

[0061] Figure 5 shows a sleeve end 500 according to an exemplary embodiment. As shown in Figure 5, according to one embodiment, the tube 10 is inserted into the sleeve end 500. The sleeve end 500 includes an opening 57 at one end 53 to receive the tube 10 and is closed at the other end 55. The opening 57 of the sleeve end 500 extends over the end 41 of the tube 10 for a predetermined distance (e.g., 1 to 3 feet (30.48 to 91.44 cm)) and, when the tube 10 is filled, forms an attachment with the body of the tube 10 at the end 53 via compression. The end 41 of the tube 10 is wound before insertion into the sleeve end 500, reducing the length of the flexible body extending from the opening 57, and thus making it possible to reduce the length of a given tube 10 to a shorter length as desired.

[0062] The end 41 of the wound tube 10 is inserted into the opening 57 of the sleeve end 500 before the tube 10 is filled. Then, as the tube 10 is filled, the body of the tube 10 expands within the sleeve end 500, forming a fitting with the end 53 of the sleeve end 500 through compression, preventing the tube from expanding to its entire length. In this way, shorter lengths of tubes can be made up of longer lengths of tubes. Additionally, the tube 10 may be in contact with another tube at the sleeve end 55.

[0063] In one embodiment, the sleeve end 500 is a waterproof material such as polybisqueen, rubber, or other material similar to those used to construct the tube 10 of the vapor barrier 15, in order to prevent fluid from entering through its surface.

[0064] Figures 6A and 6B illustrate a flexible containment tube connector 63 according to an exemplary embodiment. Figure 6A illustrates a linear tube connector 63a according to one embodiment. In one embodiment, the flexible containment tube is not sealed at one or more of its ends. In such embodiments, the connector seals the ends of the flexible containment tube and optionally connects multiple flexible containment tubes. As shown in Figure 6A, the tube includes an upper portion 60a and a lower portion 60b, which are not sealed at the ends of the tube. Instead, the connector 63a secures the ends of the tube and, at those ends, forms a seal between the upper portion 60a and the lower portion 60b of the tube, allowing the fluid 61 to be contained within the flexible body.

[0065] In one embodiment, the connector 63a includes a first cavity 64a that receives a portion of the end of a tube. This portion may be formed by winding the end of the tube, such that the upper portion 60a of the tube is wound together with the bottom portion 60b of the tube. The wound end of the tube can then be inserted into the first cavity 64a. The length of the connector 63, and therefore the length of the first cavity 64a, can extend over a distance similar to the diameter of the tube (for example, at most the width of the upper portion 60a and bottom portion 60b of the tube when unfilled), so that the wound end of the tube can be completely or partially closed within the first cavity 64a.

[0066] The second cavity 64b is shown for simplicity of explanation and includes similar features to the first cavity 64a. The second cavity 64b is also capable of receiving the wound end of the tube in a manner similar to that of the first cavity 64a as described above. Cavities 64a, 64b can be separated by the inner wall portion 65 of the connector 63. In embodiments where only a single cavity (e.g., the first cavity 64a) is required, the inner wall portion 65 of the connector 65 can remain to maintain the first cavity 64a. As shown, the cavity 64 includes, specifically, an upper retaining lip 67a and a lower retaining lip 67b, with reference to the second cavity 64b. Other embodiments may include only a single retaining lip 67 per cavity 64. The retaining lip 67 secures the wound end of the tube within the cavity 64, preventing the wound end from being removed when pulled away from the connector 63. Furthermore, when the tube is filled, the side portion 60 of the tube expands against the retaining lip 67, and the wound portion expands within the cavity 64 against the retaining lip 67 and the walls of the cavity (e.g., 65), preventing the wound end of the tube from being removed, and thus also sealing the end of the tube within the cavity 64 and preventing the release of the fluid 61 inside the tube.

[0067] Figure 6B illustrates a stacked tube connector 63b according to one embodiment. The stacked tube connector 63b differs from the linear tube connector 63a in that the space between the tube ends connected via the stacked tube connector 63b is reduced. Therefore, for example, the tube connector 63b can reduce the use of a vapor barrier and / or the amount of vapor barrier material used between the connected tube ends.

[0068] Figures 7A to 7E show flexible containment tube contacts according to exemplary embodiments. In one embodiment, the flexible containment tube ends are formed in various shapes to reduce fluid leaching between the contacting tube ends. The contacts can be solid or flexible and may be constructed from materials such as PCV, molded plastic, or metal.

[0069] As shown in Figure 7A1, the tube 70a is constructed with angled tube ends 71a. The angled tube ends 71a can be at a substantially 45-degree angle, and by bringing two angled tube ends 71a together, either a right-angle section or a straight section can be formed between the two tubes having the configuration of tube 70a. The tubes can be configured with other angles as desired.

[0070] As shown in Figure 7B1, the tube 70b is constructed with a flat tube end 73a. The flat tube end 73a can abut against each other on their surfaces to form a straight section from the two tubes. Alternatively, the flat tube end 73a can abut against the body of another tube to form a right angle, or against an angled surface, such as the 45-degree angled end 71a shown in Figure 7A1, to extend at a predetermined angle.

[0071] As shown in Figure 7B2, the tube abutment 72b includes a cavity for inserting a flexible containment tube 10 having a rounded end (or an end of another shape). Thus, the tube 10 itself does not need to be constructed with an end of a particular shape. When filled, the tube 10 is able to expand against the wall of the cavity of the tube abutment 72b. In one embodiment, the cavity is shaped 74 to match the rounded end of the tube 10. Other embodiments of the tube abutment 72b may include a cavity 74 shaped to match other tube end types, such as 71a and 73b in Figures 7A1 and 7B1, respectively.

[0072] The end 73b of the tube contact portion 72b can be configured in various ways to contact another tube or tube contact portion. For example, Figure 7B2 illustrates a tube contact portion 72b with a flat end 73b, which allows for contact in a configuration similar to that of the tube 70b in Figure 7B1, which is constructed with a flat tube end 73a.

[0073] Referring to Figure 7A2 as another example, the tube contact portion 72a includes an angled end 71b. The angled end 71b allows for contact in a configuration similar to that of the tube 70a in Figure 7A1, which is constructed with the angled tube end 71a. Additionally, the tube contact portion 72a may include a cavity for inserting a flexible containment tube 10 having a rounded end (or other shaped end). Thus, when filled, the tube 10 can expand against the wall of the cavity of the tube contact portion 72a. In one embodiment, the cavity is shaped 74 to match the rounded end of the tube 10. Other embodiments of the tube contact portion 72a may include a cavity 74 shaped to match other tube end types, such as 71a and 73b in Figures 7A1 and 7B1, respectively.

[0074] Figure 7C illustrates the two-tube abutment 72c for receiving tubes 10a and 10b. Thus, the two-tube abutment 72c can include cavities shaped 74 to coincide with the respective ends of the tubes. In some embodiments, the two-tube abutment 72c is constructed in other configurations, for example, having an angle between the two openings, and the corresponding angle is formed between tubes 10a and 10b when the tubes are inserted. In this way, the tubes 10 can be abutted by the two-tube abutment 72c, and the directional dike section can be joined to a desired shape.

[0075] Figure 7D illustrates a first tube contact portion 72d1, which is configured to receive a first tube 10a and includes a surface shaped to receive a second tube contact portion 72d2. Similarly, the second tube contact portion 72d2 is configured to receive a second tube 10b and includes a surface shaped to receive the first tube contact portion 72d1. When faced as shown, the configuration of the corresponding surfaces of the tube contact portions 72d1 and 72d2 can be such that forces opposing the tube 10 in one or more directions are resisted, preventing the tube from shifting when confining or redirecting fluid.

[0076] Figure 7E illustrates a cavity 74 of a tube contact portion 72 according to one embodiment. The end portion 77 of the tube contact portion 72 may be configured, for example, similar to the contact end portion 71b in Figure 7A2, similar to the contact end portion 73b in Figure 7B2, or in a different configuration. As shown, when the tube end is fully inserted into the end shape 74 of the cavity, the portion of the tube contact portion 72 extending over the tube end and over the flexible body portion of the tube may include a narrowed section 75 at its end. The narrowed section 75 helps to grip the body portion of the tube as the body portion of the tube expands in the receiving cavity when filled, and prevents the tube from being pulled out of the tube contact portion 72.

[0077] Figures 8A to 8C show a valve system for a flexible containment tube 10 according to an exemplary embodiment. In one embodiment, the tube 10 described herein utilizes an airtight check valve 85, which allows the tube to be pressurized and filled to its maximum capacity. The check valve 85 also allows the tube to be filled from the base of an inclined surface to allow the fluid to move uphill in situations involving uneven terrain.

[0078] Figure 8A shows an exemplary tube configuration for filling a flexible containment tube 10 with a valve system according to one embodiment. As shown, the tube 10 includes an inner membrane 80 that forms a plurality of chambers 81 within a single tube 10. In Figure 8A, a single inner membrane 80 is shown forming the lower chamber 81a and the upper chamber 81b. The inner membrane 80 may be formed from the same material as that of the tube body 10, and so it may be waterproof to separate the fluid in each chamber 81. Valves 85 are disposed within the membrane 80 and can facilitate the flow of fluid from one chamber to the next, but not the other way around. For example, valve 85b can facilitate the flow of fluid 87c from the lower chamber 81a to the upper chamber 81b, but it cannot facilitate the flow of fluid 87c from the upper chamber to the lower chamber.

[0079] Valve 85a, located within the main body of tube 10 corresponding to the lower chamber 81a, is capable of receiving fluid 87a from the connection to hose 83 or the pump, and the fluid 87a flows into the lower chamber. Valve 85a can prevent the discharge of fluid from the lower chamber 81a when the connection to hose 83 is terminated.

[0080] The fluid 87a received through valve 85a flows into the lower chamber 81a, filling the lower chamber 81a with fluid 87b. Once the lower chamber's fluid filling capacity 87b is finally reached, valve 85b allows the fluid 87c to flow from the lower chamber into the upper chamber 81b. Thus, by receiving additional fluid 87a into the lower chamber 81a, the upper chamber 81b is filled with fluid 87d. Valves 85a and 85b are of similar construction, which can reduce the number of components required to construct the tube 10. A valve 85c, located within the main body of the tube 10 corresponding to the upper chamber 81b, can allow the release of gas / fluid from the upper chamber 81 to the outside of the tube 10. In some embodiments, valve 85c includes a pressure release section, which is activated to release fluid from the upper chamber 81b when the maximum filling pressure condition is experienced. Furthermore, the valve 85c may include a release mechanism that is engaged to empty the fluid from the tube 10.

[0081] Figure 8B illustrates the exemplary benefits of the valve and tube configuration of Figure 8A in the event of puncture 88 or other failure of the main body of the tube 10 corresponding to the lower chamber 81a. As shown, the lower chamber 81a of the filled tube 10 is punctured, and the fluid 89 escapes from the lower chamber 81a through the puncture. However, the fluid in the upper chamber 81b does not escape through the puncture 88 because it cannot pass into the lower chamber 81a, either through the membrane 80 or through the valve 85b. Also, the valves 85a and 85c do not release fluid from the upper chamber 81b. Thus, the fluid level in the upper chamber 81b is maintained to prevent complete failure of the tube 10.

[0082] In the scenario where the upper chamber 81b is punctured, fluid can escape from both chambers in the exemplary configuration of the tube 10. However, such a scenario is unlikely to occur because the lower chamber 81a is more likely to experience puncture.

[0083] Figure 8C illustrates an example of emptying a tube using the valve configuration of Figure 8A. As shown, the connector 91 attached to the hose engages with the release mechanism of the valve 85c (for example, opening the pressure release section) and releases the fluid 92a from the upper chamber 81b. As the fluid is released from the upper chamber 81b, the valve 85b allows the fluid 92b to pass from the lower chamber 81a through the membrane 80 to the upper chamber, thus emptying the fluid 92c in the lower chamber 81a as well. In some embodiments, the valve 85c has a similar configuration to valves 85a and 85b, reducing manufacturing costs. In such cases, the valve 85c can be a check valve without a pressure release section, and the connector 91 pries open the check valve when inserted.

[0084] Those skilled in the art will understand, through the principles disclosed in the embodiments, further additional and alternative structural and functional designs. Therefore, while specific embodiments and applications have been illustrated and described, it should be understood that embodiments are not limited to the exact constructions and components disclosed herein, and that various modifications, changes, and variations apparent to those skilled in the art may be made within the arrangement, operation, and details of the methods and apparatus disclosed herein without departing from the essence and scope as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A device for containing a fluid within a containment area, wherein the device is A first containment tube above the ground surface having a first end, A second containment tube above the ground surface having a second end, A waterproof vapor sleeve extending at least beyond the first end and the second end, wherein the waterproof vapor sleeve prevents water from entering a cavity, the cavity being an area within the waterproof vapor sleeve and including the space between the first end and the second end, An apparatus characterized by including

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the waterproof vapor sleeve is attached to the flexible main body of the containment tube.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the flexible main body of the containment tube is made of vinyl-coated polyester.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first containment tube is configured to receive a filling material.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the filling material is in a liquid state.

6. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the filling material is in a gaseous state.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the waterproof vapor sleeve is made of plastic.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising one or more anchors configured to fix the apparatus to the ground surface.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first end forms an opening.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that the first end is a wound end, and the wound end seals the opening.

11. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the wound end is a first wound end, and the first wound end is wound together with the second wound end of the second sealing tube.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the waterproof vapor sleeve extends at least beyond the first wound end and the second wound end.

13. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the first containment tube has a first length, and when the first end of the first containment tube is wound around the wound end, the first containment tube shortens from the first length to a second length shorter than the first length.

14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the first containment tube is filled with a filling material, and the main body of the first containment tube expands into the waterproof vapor sleeve and forms a connecting portion with the end of the waterproof vapor sleeve.

Images