Photoprotective cosmetic composition containing xanthomatin as an antioxidant and UV filter stabilizer

Abstract

The present invention provides a photoprotective cosmetic composition containing xanthomatin as an antioxidant and a UV filter stabilizer. [Solution] Unsaturated solutions of phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine or their precursors or derivatives, such as xanthomatine, are used in dermatological and skincare formulations as separate molecules to enhance protection and safety. Unaggregated xanthomatine molecules boost UV filtering performance, enhancing the photostability and UV absorption properties of known chemical UV filters. Xanthomatine molecules in unsaturated solutions replace the performance of avobenzone, a UV-A filter in sun care products, and replace the performance of known antioxidants, resulting in higher performance stability over time. Unsaturated solutions of xanthomatine provide safer and more effective broad-spectrum protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Related Applications This application claims the benefit of priority based on U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 092,851, filed on October 16, 2020, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Funding

[0002] This invention was made with government support under Grant No. NSF SBIR 2050284 awarded by the National Science Foundation of the United States. The government has certain rights in this invention.

Background Art

[0003] Background Environmental exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation continues to be one of the main causes of nearly 3.5 million cases of skin cancer each year. There are few effective treatment options available for melanoma, and significant efforts have been directed towards preventive skin care by daily application of topical sunscreen agents.

[0004] However, a recent report by the Environmental Working Group (EWG) states that over 70% of the UV filters in sunscreen agents are (1) not effective in protecting human skin from UV radiation and / or (2) contain toxic components. Together with the accumulation of data supporting the manifestation of developmental toxicity and reproductive toxicity in animals, these data indicate that the chronic use of commercial sunscreen agents is a new threat to both human and ocean health, and the industry is being pressured by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to reevaluate current over-the-counter (OTC) sunscreen agents.

[0005] Known antioxidants (vitamins C and E) are unstable and readily react with air and sunlight to form ineffective (and sometimes toxic) byproducts. Phenoxazone and phenoxazine are small molecules that can be used in sunscreen formulations. For example, stabilized three-dimensional aggregated xanthomatine is incorporated into sun care formulations. The xanthomatine particle aggregates used in these formulations are typically larger than 100 nm in size.

[0006] There is an urgent need to develop safer, more environmentally friendly, and more effective UV filters to replace those currently in use. As the industry continues to push for the provision of natural and environmentally friendly products designed to replace many unsustainable and sometimes toxic products, there is a growing movement to validate the application and usefulness of bio-derived or bio-inspired raw materials in cosmetics. (Bom, S., et al., A step forward on sustainability in the cosmetics industry: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019. 225: pp. 270-290. Bom, S., et al., Replacing Synthetic Ingredients by Sustainable Natural Alternatives: A Case Study Using Topical O / W Emulsions. Molecules, 2020. 25(21)). These bio-derived or bio-inspired raw materials, regardless of the origin or source of their inspiration, are still subject to rigorous safety screening and standards before they can be incorporated into products sold in stores. Bom, S., HMRibeiro, and J. Marto, Sustainability Calculator: A Tool to Assess Sustainability in Cosmetic Products. Sustainability, 2020. 12(4): p.1437. Xanthommatin ammonium (hereinafter referred to as xanthommatin) is a naturally occurring biological pigment found in arthropods and cephalopods, formed during tryptophan metabolism in these species. Riou, M. and J.P. Christides, Cryptic color change in a crab spider(Misumena vatia):identification and quantification of precursors and ommochrome pigments by HPLC.J Chem Ecol,2010.36(4):p.412-23. Futahashi,RaK,Ryoji and Mano,Hiroaki and Fukatsu,Takema,Redox alters yellow dragonflies into red.PNAS 2012.109(31):p.12626-12631. Osani-Futahashi, M., et al., Positional cloning of a Bombyz pink-eyed white egg locus reveals the major role of cardinal in ommochrome synthesis. Heredity, 2016.116:p.135-145. Williams, TL, et al. Dynamic pigmentary and structural coloration within cephalopod chromatophore organs. Nature communications, 2019.10. Deravi, LF, et al., The structure-function relationships of a natural nanoscale photonic device in cuttlefish chromatophores. JR Soc Interface, 2014.11(93):p.20130942. Williams, TL, et al., Contributions of phenoxazone-based pigments to the structure and function of nanostructured granules in squid chromatophores. Langmuir, 2016.32(15):p.3754-3759. Williams, TL, et al., Dynamic pigmentary and structural coloration within cephalopod chromatophore organs.Nat Commun, 2019.10(1):p.1004. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0007] [Non-Patent Document 1] Bom, S., et al., A step forward on sustainability in the cosmetics industry: A review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019.225: p.270-290. Bom, S., et al., Replacing Synthetic Ingredients by Sustainable Natural Alternatives: A Case Study Using Topical O / W Emulsions. Molecules, 2020.25(21) [Non-Patent Document 2] Riou,M.and JPChristides,Cryptic color change in a crab spider(Misumena vatia):identification and quantification of precursors and ommochrome pigments by HPLC.J Chem Ecol,2010.36(4):p.412-23 [Non-Patent Document 3] Futahashi,RaK,Ryoji and Mano,Hiroaki and Fukatsu,Takema,Redox alters yellow dragonflies into red.PNAS 2012.109(31):p.12626-12631 [Non-Patent Document 4] Osani-Futahashi, M., et al., Positional cloning of a Bombyz pink-eyed white egg locus reveals the major role of cardinal in ommochrome synthesis.Heredity,2016.116:p.135-145 [Non-Patent Document 5] Williams, TL, et al. Dynamic pigmentary and structural coloration within cephalopod chromatophore organs.Nature communications,2019.10 [Non-Patent Document 6] Deravi, LF, et al., The structure-function relationships of a natural nanoscale photonic device in cuttlefish chromatophores. JR Soc Interface, 2014.11(93):p.20130942 [Non-Patent Document 7] Williams, TL, et al., Contributions of phenoxazone-based pigments to the structure and function of nanostructured granules in squid chromatophores. Langmuir, 2016.32(15):p.3754-3759 [Non-Patent Document 8] Williams, TL, et al. Dynamic pigmentary and structural coloration within cephalopod chromatophore organs. Nat Commun, 2019.10(1):p.1004 [Overview of the Initiative] [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] Abstract Improved compositions for sun care and cosmetic applications are disclosed herein. The new compositions include unsaturated solutions of one or more compounds from bio-inspired photostable classes of phenoxazone and phenoxazine (or their derivatives or precursors) that provide more effective use in sun care and cosmetic applications. Herein, an unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds includes a chemical solution in which one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds are completely dissolved in the solution. Ionic bonds, electrostatic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and van der Waals bonds may exist between small molecules in the solution and other solution components, but one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds in the unsaturated solution are not bound to other active molecular components by covalent bonds or other bonds. One or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds in an unsaturated solution may also be bound to inert side chains and / or polymers to enhance stabilization in dermatological or other formulations, but they may not be bound to or associated with the same or different types of active molecules. One or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds in an unsaturated solution aggregate and do not form a three-dimensional stabilizing structure with other phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds or other active molecules in the solution or larger formulation. Unsaturated solutions of one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds may include unsaturated solutions of phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine derivatives or precursors, including 3-hydroxykynurenine. An unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds may also contain xanthomatine, decarboxylated xanthomatine, acycline xanthomatine, omatin D, dihydroxy-xanthomatine or rhodomatine, any of the aforementioned derivatives, any of the aforementioned precursors, and any of the aforementioned salts. In certain embodiments, the phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound or a salt thereof is xanthomatine or a salt thereof.In certain such embodiments, the phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound or a salt thereof is xanthommatinammonium.

[0009] Unsaturated solutions of one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds (e.g., xanthomatine, or its salts, e.g., xanthomatine ammonium) provide compositions with stabilizing and boosting properties compared to bound phenoxazone and phenoxazine compounds, as the molecular and chemical properties of the non-aggregated small molecules in the unsaturated solution can be utilized in UV protection formulations. Unsaturated solutions of one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds can be readily incorporated into formulations and, by utilizing the chemical properties of the non-aggregated small molecules, can provide remarkable properties with respect to UV absorption, boosting, and stabilization. In specific applications, the unsaturated solutions of one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds include xanthomatine, one or more derivatives or precursors thereof, or salts thereof. Xanthomatine is a biological pigment present in arthropods and cephalopods, but may be formed by synthesis for the compositions disclosed herein.

[0010] This application provides a composition comprising at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles) and an unsaturated solution of 1% by weight or less than 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, or their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts. In certain such embodiments, the unsaturated solution of 1% by weight or less than 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, or their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts comprises xanthomatine, decarboxylated xanthomatine, acycline xanthomatine, omatin D, dihydroxy-xanthomatine, rhodomatine, its derivatives or precursors, or any of the aforementioned salts. In certain embodiments, the unsaturated solution of 1% by weight or less than 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, or their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts comprises 3-hydroxykynurenine. In certain embodiments, an unsaturated solution of phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts, in an amount of 1% by weight or less than 1 or more, comprises xanthomatin, its derivatives or precursors, or its salts (e.g., xanthomatinammonium). In certain embodiments, an unsaturated solution of phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts, in an amount of 1% by weight or less than 1 or more, comprises synthetic molecules. In certain embodiments, an unsaturated solution of phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts, in an amount of 1% by weight or less than 1 or more, comprises non-aggregated molecules.

[0011] In certain embodiments, an unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, or their precursors or derivatives, of the present application provides a UV filter that can absorb up to three times more across a broader UV-visible spectrum than conventional chemical filters.

[0012] In certain embodiments of the compositions of this application, at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles) and an unsaturated solution of a phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or any of the aforementioned salts, together exhibit a synergistic effect. In certain embodiments, the composition has a higher pre-irradiation SPF than a composition containing at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles) but not containing a phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or any of the aforementioned salts. In certain embodiments, the composition has a higher post-irradiation SPF than a composition containing at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles) but not containing a phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or any of the aforementioned salts. In certain embodiments, the composition exhibits an increase in SPF of more than 10% compared to a composition containing at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles) but not containing 1% or more by weight of a phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or an unsaturated solution of any of the aforementioned salts. In certain embodiments, the composition exhibits an increase in SPF of more than 25% compared to a composition containing at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles) but not containing 1% or more by weight of a phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or an unsaturated solution of any of the aforementioned salts. In the aforementioned embodiments, the SPF of the composition is maintained for at least one week. In the aforementioned embodiments, the SPF of the composition is maintained for at least two weeks. In the aforementioned embodiments, the SPF of the composition is maintained for at least three weeks.

[0013] In certain embodiments of the compositions of this application, the composition exhibits greater UV absorbance than a composition containing at least one UV-absorbing compound but not containing 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or unsaturated solutions of any of the aforementioned salts in an amount less than 1% by weight. In certain embodiments, the composition exhibits a change in UV absorbance greater than 100% compared to a composition containing at least one UV-absorbing compound but not containing 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or unsaturated solutions of any of the aforementioned salts in an amount less than 1% by weight. In certain embodiments, the composition exhibits a change in UV absorbance greater than 150% compared to a composition containing at least one UV-absorbing compound but not containing 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or unsaturated solutions of any of the aforementioned salts in an amount less than 1% by weight. In certain embodiments, the composition exhibits a change in UV absorbance of more than 200% compared to a composition containing at least one UV-absorbing compound but not containing 1% or more by weight of a phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or an unsaturated solution of any of the aforementioned salts.

[0014] In certain embodiments, the composition of this application, comprising at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles) and an unsaturated solution of less than 1% by weight or more than 1 or 1% by weight of a phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, or its precursor or derivative, may be formulated as a solution. In certain such embodiments, the at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles) and an unsaturated solution of less than 1% by weight or more than 1 or 1% by weight of a phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or any of the aforementioned salts, are uniformly distributed in the solution. In other embodiments, the composition of this application, comprising at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles) and an unsaturated solution of less than 1% by weight or more than 1% by weight of a phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, or its precursor or derivative, may be formulated as an emulsion. In certain such embodiments, one or more unsaturated solutions of phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, or their precursors or derivatives, constitute the soluble portion of the solution phase of the emulsion.

[0015] In certain embodiments, the compositions of this application, comprising at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles) and an unsaturated solution of 1% by weight or less than 1 or greater phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts, may be formulated as a cream, gel, spray, or lotion for use in cosmetic or dermatological formulations. In certain embodiments, the compositions of this application are formulated to provide protection from solar ultraviolet radiation. In certain embodiments, the compositions of this application are formulated to provide broad-spectrum protection for protection from blue light and infrared regions. In certain embodiments, the compositions of this application are formulated to provide a UVA I to UV B filter ratio of at least 0.7 or greater. An unsaturated solution of phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, or their precursors or derivatives (e.g., xanthomatin, its derivatives or precursors, or any of the aforementioned salts, e.g., xanthomatinammonium), can enhance its activity as a skin protectant by absorbing and scattering a broad range of sunlight (UV-near-infrared). In certain embodiments, the composition is formulated to have an ultraviolet protection factor ("SPF") of at least 15, 30, 60, or 100. In certain embodiments, the composition is formulated to provide an SPF of 15 to 100. In certain embodiments, the composition is formulated to have a UVA protection factor ("UVA-PF") of at least 15, 30, 60, or 100. In certain embodiments, the composition is formulated to provide a UVA-PF of 15 to 100. In certain embodiments, the composition is formulated to provide a UVA I to UV filter ratio of at least 0.7 or greater.

[0016] In certain embodiments, the compositions of the present application further comprise one or more nonionic polymer emulsifiers. In certain such embodiments, the one or more nonionic polymer emulsifiers are selected from potassium cetyl phosphate, PEG-150 distearate, cetearyl alcohol, caprylic / capric triglyceride, and glyceryl stearate.

[0017] In certain embodiments, the compositions of the present application further comprise at least one additional antioxidant compound. In certain such embodiments, the at least one additional antioxidant compound comprises one or more of arbutin, BHA, BHT, kojic acid, hydroxyanisole, hydroquinone, t-butylhydroquinone, tocopherol, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, rosmarinic acid, trolox, goosypol, flavone, flavanone, isoflavone, flavanol, protocatechuic acid, resorcylic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, carotenoid, cysteine hydrochloride, dithiothreitol, glutathione, thioglycolic acid, thiodipropionic acid, alpha lipoic acid, and / or xanthine. In certain embodiments, an unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, precursors or derivatives thereof, or salts of any of the foregoing (e.g., salts of any one of the foregoing such as xanthomatine, its derivatives or precursors, or xanthomatine ammonium) functions as an antioxidant compound in the composition. In certain embodiments, the at least one additional antioxidant compound is present at 0.1 to 5% by weight. In certain embodiments, the at least one additional antioxidant compound is present at 0.1 to 1% by weight.

[0018] In certain embodiments of the compositions of the present application, the compositions of the present application further comprise one or more radical scavenging compounds. In certain such embodiments, the radical scavenging compound is present in the final formulation in an amount of about 0.1 - 15 wt%, 0.1 - 1 wt%, 1 - 10 wt%, or 6 - 8 wt%. In certain embodiments, the radical scavenging compound is present in the final formulation in an amount of about 0.1 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 6 wt%, 8 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, or any other suitable amount.

[0019] In certain embodiments of the compositions of the present application, at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV absorbing compound or UV scattering particles) is present in an amount of 0.1 - 15 wt%, 0.1 - 5 wt%, 0.1 - 1 wt%. In certain embodiments, at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV absorbing compound or UV scattering particles) is present in an amount of 0.1 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 6 wt%, 8 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, or any other suitable amount. In certain embodiments, the UV filter material (e.g., a UV absorbing compound or UV scattering particles) comprises a UV filter approved by the FDA or another UV filter compound. In certain such embodiments, the UV absorbing compound comprises one or more avobenzone, oxybenzone, oxybenzone cinoxate, homosalate, octisalate, octinoxate, octocrylene, and / or trolamine salicylate. In other embodiments, the UV scattering particles comprise titanium dioxide or zinc oxide.

[0020] In certain embodiments of the compositions of this application, the composition comprises 0.1 to 1% by weight of a phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursor or derivative, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium). In certain embodiments of the compositions of this application, the composition comprises 0.01 to 0.1% by weight of a phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursor or derivative, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium). In certain embodiments of the compositions of this application, the composition comprises 0.01 to 0.05% by weight of a phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursor or derivative, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium). In certain embodiments, an unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthommatine, its derivatives or precursors, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthommatine ammonium) is present in the final formulation in an amount of about 0.01% by weight, 0.03% by weight, 0.05% by weight, 0.1% by weight, 0.5% by weight, or 1% by weight.

[0021] This application provides a method for maintaining the SPF of a composition comprising at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles), comprising adding an unsaturated solution containing 1% by weight or less than 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or salts of any of the foregoing, to the composition to provide a final cosmetic formulation. In certain embodiments, the SPF is maintained for at least one week, at least two weeks, or at least three weeks.

[0022] This application further provides a method for increasing the SPF of a composition comprising at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles), comprising adding an unsaturated solution containing 1% or less by weight of a phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or a salt of any of the aforementioned, to the composition to provide a final cosmetic formulation. In certain embodiments, the at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles) and the unsaturated solution of 1% or less by weight of a phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or a salt of any of the aforementioned, exhibit a synergistic effect together. In certain embodiments, the composition exhibits an increase in pre-irradiation SPF of more than 10% compared to a composition comprising at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles) but not comprising 1% or less by weight of a phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or a salt of any of the aforementioned, or an unsaturated solution of any of the aforementioned. In certain embodiments, the composition exhibits an increase in SPF after irradiation of more than 10% compared to compositions that contain at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles) but do not contain 1% or less by weight or more of phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or unsaturated solutions of any of the aforementioned salts.

[0023] In certain embodiments of the method of this application, one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts include xanthomatine, decarboxylated xanthomatine, acycline xanthomatine, omatin D, dihydroxy-xanthomatine, or rhodomatine, or their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts. In certain such embodiments, one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts include xanthomatine or a salt thereof. In certain embodiments of the method of this application, one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts constitute 0.01 to 0.1% by weight in the final cosmetic formulation. In certain embodiments of the method of this application, one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts constitute 0.01% by weight in the final cosmetic formulation. In certain embodiments of the method of this application, one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts constitute 0.03% by weight in the final cosmetic formulation.

[0024] In certain embodiments of the method of this application, the UV filter material comprises a UV-absorbing compound. In certain such embodiments, the UV-absorbing compound is one of avobenzone, oxybenzone, oxybenzone cinoxate, homosalate, octisalate, octinoxate, octocrylene, and / or trolamine salicylic acid. In certain embodiments, the UV filter material comprises UV-scattering particles. In certain such embodiments, the UV-scattering particles comprises titanium dioxide or zinc oxide.

[0025] This application further provides antioxidant compositions comprising vitamin E analogs and unsaturated solutions of one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts. In certain such embodiments, one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts include xanthomatine, decarboxylated xanthomatine, acycline xanthomatine, omatin D, dihydroxy-xanthomatine, rhodomatine, or their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine, or salts thereof. In certain embodiments, this composition functions as an antioxidant for a longer period than a composition comprising vitamin E analogs alone. In certain embodiments, a vitamin E analog and one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) are present in the composition in a molar ratio of about 1:1. In certain embodiments, one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) in an unsaturated solution are present in an amount between about 0.01 and 10% by weight, particularly between 0.01 and 1% by weight, between 1 and 5% by weight, between 1 and 10% by weight, or any other suitable amount. In certain embodiments, one or more unsaturated solutions of phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthommatin, its derivatives or precursors, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthommatinammonium) are present in an amount of about 50% by weight.In certain embodiments, one or more unsaturated solutions of phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthommatine, its derivatives or precursors, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthommatine ammonium) are present in an amount of about 50% by weight or up to 75% by weight. In certain embodiments, the vitamin E analog is trolox.

[0026] This application provides an antioxidant composition comprising an unsaturated solution of ascorbic acid and one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium). In certain embodiments, this composition functions as an antioxidant for a longer period than a composition comprising ascorbic acid alone. In certain embodiments, one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts include xanthomatine, decarboxylated xanthomatine, acycline xanthomatine, omatin D, dihydroxy-xanthomatine, rhodomatine, or its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine, or salts thereof. In certain embodiments, ascorbic acid and one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its derivatives or precursors, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) are present in an unsaturated solution in a ratio of about 1:1. In certain embodiments, one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) are present in the final formulation in an amount between about 0.01 and 10% by weight, particularly between about 0.01 and 1% by weight, between about 1 and 5% by weight, between about 1 and 10% by weight, or any other suitable amount. In certain embodiments, one or more unsaturated solutions of phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthommatin, its derivatives or precursors, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthommatinammonium) are present in the final formulation in an amount of about 50% by weight.

[0027] By integrating an unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) into dermatological formulations, particularly sunscreens and facial moisturizers, enhanced protection can be achieved without the systemic toxicity associated with conventional chemical and physical UV filters. Compositions containing an unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) in sun care product formulations provide safer and more effective broad-spectrum protection and extend the efficacy of the formulation. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0028] [Figure 1] Figure 1 shows the antioxidant properties of various concentrations of trolox compared to the antioxidant properties of a 1:1 trolox:xanthommatine combination.

[0029] [Figure 2] Figure 2 shows the antioxidant properties of various concentrations of ascorbic acid compared to the antioxidant properties of a 1:1 ascorbic acid:xanthomatine combination.

[0030] [Figure 3] Figure 3 shows the antioxidant properties of xanthomatin at various concentrations.

[0031] [Figure 4] Figure 4A shows the UV absorption of the xanthomatine and oxybenzone combination compared to oxybenzone alone on day 1. Figure 4B shows the UV absorption of the xanthomatine and oxybenzone combination compared to oxybenzone alone on day 16.

[0032] [Figure 5] Figure 5A shows the UV absorption of the xanthomatine and avobenzone combination compared to avobenzone alone on day 1. Figure 5B shows the UV absorption of the xanthomatine and avobenzone combination compared to avobenzone alone on day 16.

[0033] [Figure 6] Figure 6A shows the UV absorption of xanthomatine in combination with octisalate and homosalate (the top two lines) compared with octisalate and homosalate alone on day 1. Figure 6B shows the UV absorption of xanthomatine in combination with octisalate and homosalate (the top two lines) compared with octisalate and homosalate alone on day 16.

[0034] [Figure 7] Figure 7A shows the UV absorption of the xanthomatine and octinoxate combination compared to octinoxate alone on day 1. Figure 7B shows the UV absorption of the xanthomatine and octinoxate combination compared to octinoxate alone on day 16.

[0035] [Figure 8] Figure 8A shows the UV absorption of the xanthomatine and octocrylene combination compared to octocrylene alone on day 1. Figure 8B shows the UV absorption of the xanthomatine and octocrylene combination compared to octocrylene alone on day 16.

[0036] [Figure 9] Figure 9 shows the UV absorption of octonoxate alone and in combination with avobenzone or xanthommatine.

[0037] [Figure 10] Figure 10 shows the UV absorption of avobenzone alone and octonoxate in combination with xanthomatine.

[0038] [Figure 11]Figure 11 shows the UV absorption of oxybenzone alone and in combination with avobenzone or xanthomatine.

[0039] [Figure 12] Figure 12 shows the SPF measurement results of chemical sunscreen samples before irradiation (black bars) and after irradiation (patterned bars).

[0040] [Figure 13] Figure 13 shows the SPF measurement results of mineral sunscreen samples before irradiation (black bars) and after irradiation (patterned bars).

[0041] [Figure 14] Figure 14 shows the absorbance capacity of xanthommatinammonium.

[0042] [Figure 15] Figure 15 shows the absorbance capabilities of xanthommatinammonium when combined with various FDA-approved organic UV filters.

[0043] [Figure 16] Figure 16 shows the absorbance capabilities of xanthommatinammonium when combined with various FDA-approved organic UV filters.

[0044] [Figure 17] Figure 17 shows in vitro phototoxicity measurements of xanthomatine with and without UVA light exposure. Figure 17A shows cell viability at various concentrations of xanthomatine. Figure 17B shows cell viability at various concentrations of the positive control, chlorpromazine.

[0045] [Figure 18] Figure 18 shows the area under the curve (AUC) calculation under the highest concentration (40 μM) conditions for vitamin E, vitamin C, and xanthommatinammonium (Xa).

[0046] [Figure 19] Figure 19 shows the measured half-lives of xanthomatin ammonium in solution compared to vitamin C in solution when assayed at the same concentration.

[0047] [Figure 20] Figure 20 shows the activity of vitamin C, measured alone or in combination with xanthommatin ammonium (Xa).

[0048] [Figure 21] Figure 21 shows the activity of vitamin E, measured alone or in combination with xanthommatinammonium (Xa). [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0049] Detailed explanation Xanthomatine is a naturally occurring biopigment found in arthropods and cephalopods, can be isolated or synthesized, and can be used in formulations as an antioxidant to stabilize, and in some cases boost or enhance, the UV filtering performance of chemical sunscreens. Bio-inspired molecules are safe, cytocompatible molecules that replace conventional chemicals used to enhance and boost existing UV filters and antioxidant compounds in sun care products, or as functional alternative UVA filters. The compositions disclosed herein use unsaturated solutions of one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) as active ingredients in dermatological protective compositions for UV protection or other dermatological protection, providing safer and more effective alternatives to chemicals conventionally used in such compositions that may result in adverse health consequences.

[0050] Formulating phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, decarboxylated xanthomatine, acycline xanthomatine, omatin D, dihydroxy-xanthomatine, or rhodomatine, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts) as independent, non-aggregated units in an unsaturated solution offers many remarkable advantages. For example, it can boost the performance of UV filters. As described in the Exemplary Section with reference to the attached drawings, preliminary data support the finding that unsaturated solutions of xanthomatine or its salts can increase the photostability of known chemical UV filters or otherwise stabilize their UV absorption properties. Unsaturated solutions of xanthomatine or its salts can completely replace or compete with the performance of avobenzone, the only other known UV-A filter. Unsaturated solutions of xanthomatine or its salts can provide improved performance compared to known antioxidants in terms of antioxidant properties and stability over time.

[0051] The compositions disclosed herein include an unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthommatin, its precursors or derivatives, or any one of the aforementioned salts such as xanthommatinammonium), as a soluble portion or solution phase of an emulsion (such as a cream), or uniformly distributed in a suspension (such as an aerosol spray).

[0052] We will briefly consider, in turn, each of these functions of an unsaturated solution of one or more non-agglomerative phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthommatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthommatine ammonium).

[0053] General use This application provides a composition comprising an unsaturated solution of 1% by weight or less than 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium), and at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles). In certain embodiments, this composition is intended for use in providing broad-spectrum protection. In certain embodiments, the phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds include, for example, xanthomatine, decarboxylated xanthomatine, acycline xanthomatine, omatin D, dihydroxy-xanthomatine, rhodomatine, its derivatives or precursors, or any of the aforementioned salts. In certain embodiments, phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts are present in the composition in amounts of about 1.0% by weight, 0.9% by weight, 0.8% by weight, 0.7% by weight, 0.6% by weight, 0.5% by weight, 0.4% by weight, 0.3% by weight, 0.1% by weight, 0.05% by weight, or less than 0.01% by weight. In certain embodiments, phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts are present in the composition in amounts ranging from about 0.1 to 1% by weight, 0.01 to 0.1% by weight, 0.01 to 0.05% by weight, or any other suitable amount. In certain embodiments, UV filter material (e.g., UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles) is present in the composition in amounts exceeding about 0.1% by weight, 1% by weight, 5% by weight, 10% by weight, 15% by weight, 20% by weight, 25% by weight, 30% by weight, 35% by weight, or 40% by weight, or other suitable amounts. In some embodiments, UV filter material (e.g., UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles) is present in the final formulation in amounts ranging from about 0.1 to 40% by weight, 0.1 to 35% by weight, 0.1 to 30% by weight, 0.1 to 25% by weight, 0.1 to 20% by weight, 0.1 to 15% by weight, 0.1 to 5% by weight, or 0.1 to 1% by weight.

[0054] This application provides a composition comprising 0.1 to 1% by weight of an unsaturated solution of 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatin, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatinammonium) and 0.1 to 40% by weight of a UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles). In certain embodiments, the composition has an SPF of about 30 to 100 and a UVA-PF of about 30 to 100.

[0055] In certain embodiments of the compositions of this application, at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles) and one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or unsaturated solutions of any of the aforementioned salts, together exhibit a synergistic effect. When the effectiveness of a mixture of two or more components (e.g., SPF or UV absorption properties) exceeds the effectiveness of each component, it is referred to as a “synergistic effect”. In certain embodiments, at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particle) and an unsaturated solution of phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts in less than 1% by weight or greater than 1% by weight provide, together, an effectiveness (e.g., SPF or UV absorption and / or UV scattering properties) that exceeds the expected effectiveness of the combination of at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particle) and phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts in less than 1% by weight or greater than 1% by weight. In certain such embodiments, this combination provides an effectiveness (e.g., SPF or UV absorption and / or scattering properties) that is at least 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, or 30% higher than the expected effectiveness.

[0056] In certain embodiments, the composition has a higher pre-irradiation SPF than a composition containing at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles) but not containing 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or unsaturated solutions of any of the aforementioned salts in less than 1% by weight. In certain such embodiments, the composition has an increase of 1% or more, 5% or more, 10% or more, 15% or more, 20% or more, 25% or more, 30% or more, 35% or more, 40% or more, 45% or more, or 50% or more of the pre-irradiation SPF compared to a composition containing at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles) but not containing 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or unsaturated solutions of any of the aforementioned salts. In certain embodiments, the composition has a greater SPF after irradiation than a composition containing at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles) but not containing 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or an unsaturated solution of any of the aforementioned salts in less than 1% by weight. In certain such embodiments, the composition has an increase of 1% or more, 5% or more, 10% or more, 15% or more, 20% or more, 25% or more, 30% or more, 35% or more, 40% or more, 45% or more, or 50% or more in SPF after irradiation compared to a composition containing at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles) but not containing 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or an unsaturated solution of any of the aforementioned salts.In certain embodiments, the composition has a higher pre- and post-irradiation SPF than a composition that contains at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles) but does not contain 1% or less of 1 or more of a phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or an unsaturated solution of any of the aforementioned salts.

[0057] In certain embodiments, the SPF of the composition is maintained for at least 1 day, at least 2 days, at least 3 days, at least 4 days, at least 5 days, at least 6 days, at least 1 week, at least 2 weeks, at least 3 weeks, at least 4 weeks, or at least 5 weeks. In certain embodiments, the SPF of the composition is maintained for at least 1 week. In certain embodiments, the SPF of the composition is maintained for at least 2 weeks. In certain embodiments, the SPF of the composition is maintained for at least 3 weeks. In the aforementioned specific embodiments, the SPF is the SPF before irradiation.

[0058] In certain embodiments, the composition exhibits higher UV absorbance than compositions containing at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles) but not containing 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or unsaturated solutions of any of the aforementioned salts in less than 1% by weight. In certain such embodiments, the composition exhibits an increase in UV absorbance of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175%, 200%, 225%, or 250% compared to compositions containing at least one UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles) but not containing 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or unsaturated solutions of any of the aforementioned salts.

[0059] In certain embodiments, one or more UV filter materials include one or more UV-absorbing compounds, such as one or more chemical sunblocking agents. In certain embodiments, one or more UV filter materials include one or more UV-scattering compounds, such as one or more physical sunblocking agents. In certain such embodiments, one or more UV-absorbing compounds are selected from avobenzone, oxybenzone, oxybenzone cinoxate, homosalate, octisalate, octinoxate, octocrylene, and trolamine salicylic acid, bemotoridinol, and bisoctrizole. In certain embodiments, the UV filter material includes chemical and physical sunblocking agents.Non-limiting examples of chemical sunblocks that can be used include bemotoridinol (Tinosorb S), bisoctrizole (Tinosorb M), para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), PABA esters (glyceryl PABA, amyldimethyl PABA and octyldimethyl PABA), butyl PABA, ethyl PABA, ecamsul, ethyl dihydroxypropyl PABA, benzophenone (oxybenzone, surisobenzone, benzophenone, and benzophenone). Phenone-1 to 12), cinnamate salts (octyl methoxycinnamate, isoamyl p-methoxycinnamate, octyl methoxycinnamate, cinoxate, diisopropylmethyl cinnamate, DEA-methoxycinnamic acid, ethyl diisopropylcinnamate, glyceryl octanoate dimethoxycinnamate and ethyl methoxycinnamate), cinnamate esters, salicylates (homomethyl salicylate, benzyl salicylate, glycol salicylate, isopropylbenzyl salicylate, etc.), anthracite Examples include nilates, ethyl urocanate, homosalate, octisalate, dibenzoylmethane derivatives (e.g., avobenzone), octocrylene, octyltriazone, digalloyl trioleate, glyceryl aminobenzoate, lawsone and dihydroxyacetone, ethylhexyltriazone, dioctylbutamidotriazone, benzylidenemalonate polysiloxane, terephthalylidene dicamphor sulfonic acid, phenyldibenzimidazole tetrasulfonate disodium, diethylaminohydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate, bis-diethylaminohydroxybenzoyl benzoate, bis-benzoxazoylphenylethylhexyliminotriazine, drometrizole trisiloxane, methylenebis-benzotriazolyltetramethylbutylphenol, and bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyltriazine, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, and 4-methoxycinnamate isopentyl. Non-exclusive examples of physical sunblocking agents include kaolin, talc, petrolatum, and metal oxides (e.g., titanium dioxide and zinc oxide).In certain embodiments, the UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles) is present in the composition in amounts exceeding 1% by weight, 2% by weight, 3% by weight, 4% by weight, 5% by weight, 10% by weight, 15% by weight, 20% by weight, 25% by weight, 30% by weight, 35% by weight, 40% by weight, 45% by weight, or 50% by weight.

[0060] The compositions of this application may be formulated as solutions, suspensions, or emulsions. In certain embodiments, one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatin, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatin ammonium) are distributed in the solution, suspension, or emulsion together with a UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles). In certain such embodiments, the distribution may be uniform. In certain embodiments, the compositions of this application may be formulated as creams, gels, sprays, or lotions. In certain such embodiments, the compositions are intended for use in cosmetic or dermatological formulations. The compositions of this application are suitable for topical use to provide protection from solar ultraviolet radiation.

[0061] This application provides a method for providing protection from solar ultraviolet radiation, comprising applying a cosmetic or dermatological formulation comprising an unsaturated solution of 1% by weight or less than 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) and 0.1 to 40% by weight of a UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles). In certain embodiments, the composition comprises 0.1 to 1% by weight of an unsaturated solution of 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its derivatives or precursors, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium). In certain embodiments, the composition comprises 10 to 40% by weight of a UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles). In certain embodiments, the cosmetic or dermatological formulation is for topical administration.

[0062] In certain embodiments, the composition of this application further comprises potassium cetyl phosphate, PEG-150 distearate, cetearyl alcohol, caprylic / capric triglyceride, and a nonionic polymer emulsifier such as glyceryl stearate.

[0063] In certain embodiments, the compositions of this application provide UV protection. In certain embodiments, the compositions provide an SPF of at least about 15, 30, 60, 100, or other suitable amounts of protection. In certain embodiments, specific SPFs may be obtained by changing or adjusting the amount of phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) in the composition. In certain embodiments, specific SPFs may be obtained by changing or adjusting the amount of UV filter material (e.g., UV-absorbing compounds or UV-scattering particles) in the composition. For example, xanthomatine has a critical wavelength of 385 nm, but an FDA-approved UV filter is considered "broad-spectrum" if its critical wavelength is at least 370 nm. Therefore, xanthomatine in an unsaturated solution can function as a broad-spectrum UV filter. Since the SPF provided by xanthomatine formulations varies with concentration, xanthomatine is an adjustable UV filter. A 0.03 mM xanthomatine formulation in solution is expected to yield approximately 1 SPF, a 0.25 mM concentration approximately 5 SPF, a 1 mM concentration approximately 20 SPF, and a 5 mM concentration approximately 100 SPF. In certain embodiments, the composition is formulated to provide at least 15 UVA-PF. For example, the composition can be formulated to provide at least 15, 30, 60, 100 UVA-PF, or any other suitable amount of protection. The amounts of phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) and / or UV filter material (e.g., UV-absorbing compounds or UV-scattering particles) in the composition may be changed or adjusted to obtain a specific SPF. In certain embodiments, the composition provides broad-spectrum protection. In certain embodiments, the composition provides at least 0.7 or greater UVA I to UV filter ratio.

[0064] In certain embodiments of the compositions of this application, the unsaturated solution of phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) depends on its antioxidant properties. The amount of phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) present in the composition can be increased or otherwise adjusted to achieve the desired antioxidant performance. In certain embodiments, the compositions of this application may contain further antioxidant compounds. In certain such embodiments, further antioxidant compounds include arbutin, BHA, BHT, kojic acid, hydroxyanisole, hydroquinone, t-butylhydroquinone, tocopherol, nordihydroguaiaretinic acid, rosmarinic acid, trolox, goosypol, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, flavanols, protocatechuic acid, resorcylic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, carotenoids, cysteine ​​hydrochloride, dithiothreitol, glutathione, thioglycolic acid, thiodipropionic acid, alpha-lipoic acid, and / or xanthine.In certain embodiments, further antioxidant compounds include acetylcysteine, alpha-lipoic acid, arbutin, ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid polypeptide, ascorbyl dipalmitate, ascorbyl methylsilanol pectinate, ascorbyl palmitate, ascorbyl stearate, BHA, BHT, t-butylhydroquinone, caffeic acid, carotenoids, chlorogenic acid, cysteine, cysteine ​​HCl, diamylihydroquinone, di-t-butylhydroquinone, and dicetylthiodipropionine. Dioleyl tocopheryl methylsilanol, disodium ascorbyl sulfate, distearyl thiodipropionate, ditridecyl thiodipropionate, dodecyl gallate, erythorbic acid, ascorbic acid ester, ethyl ferulate, ferulic acid, flavones, flavanones, flavanols, gallic acid ester, glutathione, goosypol, hydroquinone, hydroxyanisole, isoflavones, thioglycolate isooctyl, ithiothreitol, kojic acid, Magnesium ascorbate, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, methylsilanol ascorbate, natural plant antioxidants such as green tea or grape seed extract, nordihydroguaiaretinic acid, octyl gallate, phenylthioglycolic acid, potassium ascorbyl tocopheryl phosphate, potassium sulfite, propyl gallate, protocatechuic acid, quinone, rosmarinic acid, sodium ascorbate, sodium bisulfite, sodium erythorbate, sodium metabisulfite, sodium sulfite, superoxide dismutase, thioglycolate This product contains one or more of the following: sodium cholate, sorbityl furfural, thiodiglycol, thiodiglycolamide, thiodiglycolic acid, thiodipropionic acid, thioglycolic acid, thiolactic acid, thiosalicylic acid, tocophereth-5, tocophereth-10, tocophereth-12, tocophereth-18, tocophereth-50, tocopherol, tocofersolan, tocopheryl acetate, tocopheryl linoleate, tocopheryl nicotinate, tocopheryl succinate, tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite, trolox, and xanthine.In certain embodiments, further antioxidant compounds may be present in the composition in amounts exceeding 0.1% by weight, 0.5% by weight, 1% by weight, 3% by weight, 5% by weight, or any other suitable amount.

[0065] In certain embodiments, the compositions of this application further comprise an anti-radical compound. In certain such embodiments, the anti-radical compound is present in the final formulation in amounts greater than 0.1% by weight, 1% by weight, 5% by weight, 6% by weight, 8% by weight, 10% by weight, or any other suitable amount.

[0066] This application further provides a composition comprising one or more unsaturated solutions of phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) and a UV filter or antioxidant component. In certain embodiments, the unsaturated solutions of one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) enhance the performance of the UV filter or antioxidant component. By uniformly distributing an unsaturated solution of phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthommatin, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthommatinammonium) within a composition of an active UV filter or antioxidant component, the unsaturated solution can improve the UV filtering or antioxidant performance of the UV filter or antioxidant component.

[0067] UV filter stabilizer An unsaturated solution of phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthommatin, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthommatinammonium) can act as an independent, unrelated stabilizer when distributed in a composition containing an active UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles). Accordingly, this application provides a composition comprising an unsaturated solution of 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) and a UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles), wherein the 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) stabilizes the UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles). In certain embodiments, more than 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the initial UV absorption capacity is retained for at least one week, at least two weeks, or at least three weeks with respect to the UV-absorbing compound. In certain embodiments, 100% of the initial UV absorption capacity is retained for at least one week, at least two weeks, or at least three weeks in the UV-absorbing compound. In certain embodiments, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or more than 90% of the initial UV scattering capacity is retained for at least one week, at least two weeks, or at least three weeks in the UV-scattering particles. In certain embodiments, 100% of the initial UV scattering capacity is retained for at least one week, at least two weeks, or at least three weeks in the UV-scattering particles.

[0068] This application further provides a method for stabilizing a UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles), comprising combining the UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles) with an unsaturated solution of 1% by weight or less than 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatin, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatinammonium). In certain embodiments, the stabilization of the UV filter material (e.g., a UV-absorbing compound or UV-scattering particles) comprises maintaining more than 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of its UV absorption and / or UV scattering capacity for at least one week, at least two weeks, or at least three weeks.

[0069] In certain embodiments, the UV filter material (e.g., UV-absorbing compounds or UV-scattering particles) includes photounstable chemical UV filters, such as avobenzone, oxybenzone, oxybenzone cinoxate, homosalate, octisalate, octinoxate, octocrylene, and / or trolamine salicylic acid. These UV light-absorbing chemical filters are generally unstable and require stabilization by one or more compounds or materials in the formulation.

[0070] In certain embodiments, phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatin, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatinammonium) are present in amounts of about 0.01–0.05% by weight or 0.1–1% by weight of the composition.

[0071] As described below with respect to the examples and accompanying drawings, the presence of unaggregated xanthomatin has been shown to contribute to a boost in the UVB and UVA stability of commercially available UV filters when exposed to ambient light and ambient temperature. This stability boost in the presence of an unsaturated solution of xanthomatin was consistent in all chemical filters tested, including homosalate, octisalate, octocrylene, oxybenzone, and octinoxate. UV filter retention rates of 10–100% were observed over several weeks. Solutions containing one or more unsaturated solutions of phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatin, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatinammonium) may also enhance the stability of UV filters in the presence of simulated sunlight or sunlight.

[0072] UV absorbance booster An unsaturated solution of phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) in less than 1% by weight or more than 1% by weight can be used as a UV absorbance booster for known UV-absorbing compounds. Accordingly, this application provides a composition comprising an unsaturated solution of phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) and an active UV-absorbing compound, wherein the phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) improves the UV absorption properties of the UV-absorbing compound. In certain embodiments, this composition improves the UV absorption properties of UV-absorbing compounds in UV-B. In certain embodiments, this composition improves the UV absorption properties of UV-absorbing compounds in UV-A. In certain embodiments, this composition improves the UV absorption properties of UV-absorbing compounds in both UV-A and UV-B.

[0073] This application further provides a method for improving the UV absorption properties of a UV-absorbing compound, comprising combining the UV-absorbing compound with an unsaturated solution of a phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatin, its precursor or derivative, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatinammonium).

[0074] In certain embodiments, one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts include xanthomatine, decarboxylated xanthomatine, acycline xanthomatine, omatin D, dihydroxy-xanthomatine, rhodomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts. In certain embodiments, one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts constitute 0.01 to 0.03% by weight, 0.1 to 1% by weight, or 0.1 to 1% by weight of the composition. In certain such embodiments, one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) constitute 0.03% by weight of the composition.

[0075] In certain embodiments, the UV-absorbing compound includes avobenzone, oxybenzone, homosalate, octisalate, octinoxate, octocrylene, oxybenzone cinoxate, and / or trolamine salicylic acid. In certain embodiments, the UV-absorbing compound includes titanium dioxide or zinc oxide.

[0076] Simply adding an unsaturated xanthomatine solution at concentrations ranging from 0.01–0.03 wt%, 0.1–1 wt%, 0.1–1 wt%, or 1–10 wt% can induce a significant spectral enhancement of the UV absorption properties of commercially available chemical UV filters. For example, an unsaturated xanthomatine solution incorporated into a composition at approximately 0.03 wt% can increase the activity of avobenzone by approximately 250% at UV-B (300 nm) and approximately 9% at UV-A (360 nm). This differs from the activity of avobenzone and oxybenzone, or avobenzone and octinoxate, which only boost the UV-B performance of avobenzone by 229% and 393%, respectively. (See examples and accompanying drawings). Looking at UV-A performance, oxybenzone and octinoxate reduce the performance of avobenzone by approximately 46% and 56%, respectively. These significant differences highlight xanthomatine's crucial ability as a booster.

[0077] Alternative UV-A filters An unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthommatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthommatineammonium) can function as an alternative UV-A filter to photounstable avobenzone, which is currently approved only in the United States as a chemical UV-A filter.

[0078] As described below with respect to the examples and accompanying drawings, in the experiments, when unaggregated xanthomatine was used with oxybenzone, the absorption intensity in solution was approximately 1.19 (compared to avobenzone and oxybenzone, which yielded an intensity of 0.79 measured at 360 nm). This trend was similarly observed with unaggregated xanthomatine and octinokete, achieving an intensity of approximately 1.09 in solution compared to octinoxate and avobenzone, which yielded an intensity of approximately 0.65 at 360 nm.

[0079] Antioxidant booster and stabilizer An unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) can function as an antioxidant booster. Accordingly, this application provides a composition comprising an unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) and an antioxidant, wherein the one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) enhances the antioxidant capacity of the antioxidant. In certain embodiments, the antioxidant includes the vitamin E analog trolox or ascorbic acid.

[0080] This application provides a method for enhancing the antioxidant capacity of an antioxidant, comprising combining the antioxidant with an unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthommatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthommatine ammonium).

[0081] An unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatin, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatinammonium) can function as a direct substitute for existing and known antioxidants in cosmetic applications. Accordingly, this application provides an unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatin, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatinammonium) for use in cosmetic compositions, the unsaturated solution imparting antioxidant properties to the cosmetic composition.

[0082] An unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) can function as a stabilizer for the same antioxidant. Accordingly, this application provides a composition comprising one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) and an antioxidant, wherein the one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) stabilizes the antioxidant. In certain embodiments, one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) and an antioxidant are present in the composition in molar ratios of 0.1:1, 0.2:1, 0.3:1, 0.4:1, 0.5:1, 0.6:1, 0.7:1, 0.8:1, 0.9:1, or 1:1. In certain embodiments, one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatine ammonium) and an antioxidant are present in the composition in molar ratios of 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, or 10:1. In certain embodiments, one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthommatin, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthommatinammonium) and an antioxidant are present in the composition in a 1:1 molar ratio.In certain embodiments, the antioxidant includes the vitamin E analog trolox or ascorbic acid. For example, a composition of a vitamin E analog such as trolox and xanthomatine in an approximately 1:1 ratio shows evidence of improved antioxidant stability. Similarly, a 1:1 composition of ascorbic acid and xanthomatine also shows antioxidant stabilization.

[0083] This application provides a method for maintaining the antioxidant capacity of an antioxidant, comprising combining the antioxidant with an unsaturated solution of one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts (e.g., xanthomatin, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts such as xanthomatin ammonium). In certain embodiments, 100% of the antioxidant capacity of the antioxidant is maintained for at least one week. In certain embodiments, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% of the antioxidant capacity of the antioxidant is maintained for at least one week.

[0084] In certain embodiments of the methods and compositions described above, one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts include xanthomatine, decarboxylated xanthomatine, acycline xanthomatine, omatin D, dihydroxy-xanthomatine, rhodomatine, its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts. In certain embodiments, one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts constitute 0.01 to 1% by weight, 1 to 5% by weight, 1 to 10% by weight, 50% by weight, or up to 75% by weight of the composition.

[0085] As described below and in the attached figures, the stabilizing / boosting effect of antioxidants was observed using a standard oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) assay in experiments with an unsaturated solution of xanthomatine alone and an unsaturated solution of xanthomatine blended with equimolar ascorbic acid (vitamin C) or trolox (vitamin E analogue) at 37°C for 90 minutes. The ORAC assay measures the antioxidant capacity of a biomolecule based on the oxidation of a fluorescein probe by peroxyl radicals (fluorescence decreases as antioxidant capacity decreases). In all cases, xanthomatine in unsaturated solution yielded antioxidant capacity equivalent to known antioxidant standards (trolox and vitamin C). These findings are supported by equivalent area under the curve (AUC) calculations under the highest concentration (40 μM) conditions.

[0086] Cosmetics or dermatological preparations This application provides a cosmetic or dermatological formulation comprising the compositions disclosed herein.

[0087] In certain embodiments, a cosmetic or dermatological formulation comprising the composition disclosed herein further comprises a rheological modifier. In certain embodiments, the rheological modifier is present in an amount that prevents the composition from significantly dripping or accumulating after application to the skin. In certain embodiments, the rheological modifier is a carbomer. In some embodiments, the rheological modifier is selected from stearic acid, palmitic acid, stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, stearic acid, palmitic acid, polyethylene glycol ether of stearyl alcohol having an average of about 1 to about 21 ethylene oxide units, polyethylene glycol ether of cetyl alcohol having an average of about 1 to about 5 ethylene oxide units, and mixtures thereof.

[0088] Further examples of rheological modifiers include thickeners or gelling agents, including substances that can increase the viscosity of a composition. Thickeners include those that can increase the viscosity of a composition without substantially altering the effectiveness of the active ingredients in the composition. Thickeners can also enhance the stability of the compositions of this application. In certain embodiments of this application, thickeners include hydrogenated polyisobutene or trihydroxystearin, or mixtures of both. Additional non-limiting examples of additional thickeners that can be used in the context of this application include carboxylic acid polymers, crosslinked polyacrylate polymers, polyacrylamide polymers, polysaccharides, and gums. Examples of carboxylic acid polymers include acrylic acids, substituted acrylic acids, and crosslinked compounds containing one or more monomers derived from salts and esters of these acrylic acids and substituted acrylic acids, where the crosslinkers contain two or more carbon-carbon double bonds and are derived from polyhydric alcohols (see CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, Fourth Edition, 1991, pp. 12 and 80). Examples of commercially available carboxylic acid polymers include carbomers, which are homopolymers of acrylic acid crosslinked with allyl ethers of sucrose or pentaerythritol (e.g., BFGoodrich's Carbopol® 900 series). Non-limiting examples of crosslinked polyacrylate polymers include cationic and nonionic polymers.

[0089] Non-limiting examples of polyacrylamide polymers (including nonionic polyacrylamide polymers, including substituted branched or unbranched polymers) include polyacrylamide, isoparaffin and laureth-7, acrylamide and substituted acrylamide, and multiblock copolymers of acrylic acid and substituted acrylic acid.

[0090] Non-limiting examples of polysaccharides include cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate propionate carboxylate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, sodium cellulose sulfate, and mixtures thereof. Another example is alkyl-substituted cellulose, in which the hydroxyl groups of a cellulose polymer are hydroxyalkylated (preferably hydroxyethylated or hydroxypropylated) to form hydroxyalkylated cellulose, which is then further modified via ether links with C10-C30 linear or branched alkyl groups. Typically, these polymers are ethers of C10-C30 linear or branched alcohols and hydroxyalkyl cellulose. Other useful polysaccharides include scleroglucans, which contain linear chains of (1-3) linked glucose units with (1-6) linked glucose units every three units.

[0091] Non-limiting examples of gums that can be used with the composition of the present invention include acacia, agar, algin, alginic acid, ammonium alginate, amylopectin, calcium alginate, calcium carrageenan, carnitine, carrageenan, dextrin, gelatin, gellan gum, guar gum, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, hectorite, hyaluronic acid, hydrated silica, hydroxypropyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl guar, karaya gum, kelp, locust bean gum, natto gum, potassium alginate, potassium carrageenan, propylene glycol alginate, sclerotium gum, carboxymethyl (carboyxmethyl) dextran sodium, carrageenan sodium, tragacanth gum, xanthan gum, and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the thickener is Chondrus crispus (carrageenan) extract.

[0092] In certain embodiments, a cosmetic or dermatological formulation comprising the compositions disclosed herein further comprises a humectant (e.g., a water-retaining agent). Examples of humectants that can be used in the cosmetic or dermatological formulations of this application include amino acids, chondroitin sulfate, diglycerin, erythritol, fructose, glucose, glycerin, glycerol polymers, glycols, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, honey, hyaluronic acid, hydrogenated honey, hydrogenated starch hydrolysates, inositol, lactitol, maltitol, maltose, mannitol, natural moisturizing factors, PEG-15 butanediol, polyglyceryl sorbitol, salts of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, potassium PCA, propylene glycol, sodium glucuronate, sodium PCA, sorbitol, sucrose, trehalose, urea, and xylitol. In one embodiment, the humectant is glycerin. Other examples include acetylated lanolin, acetylated lanolin alcohol, alanine, algae extract, Aloe barbadensis, Aloe barbadensis extract, Aloe barbadensis gel, Althaea officinalis extract, apricot kernel oil (Prunus armeniaca), arginine, arginine aspartate, Arnica montana extract, aspartic acid, avocado oil (Persea gratissima), variol sphingolipids, butyl alcohol, beeswax, behenyl alcohol, β-sitosterol, birch bark extract (Betula alba), borage extract (Borago officinalis), butcher's broom extract (Ruscus aculeatus), butylene glycol, Calendula officinalis extract, Calendula officinalis oil, and candelilla (Euphorbia). Cerifera wax, canola oil, caprylic / capric triglyceride, cardamom (elettaria cardamomum) oil, carnauba (copernicia cerifera) wax, carrot (daucus carota sativa) oil, castor (ricinus)Ingredients: (communicum) oil, ceramide, ceresin, ceteareth-5, ceteareth-12, ceteareth-20, cetearyl octanoate, ceteth-20, ceteth-24, cetyl acetate, cetyl octanoate, cetyl palmitate, chamomile (anthemis nobilis) oil, cholesterol, cholesterol ester, cholesteryl hydroxystearate, citric acid, clary (salvia sclarea) oil, cocoa (theobroma cacao) butter, coco-caprylic / capric acid, coconut (coconut) oil, collagen, collagen amino acids, corn (zea) Mays oil, fatty acids, decyl oleate, dimethicone copolyol, dimethiconol, dioctyl adipate, dioctyl succinate, hexacaprylic / hexacaprate dipentaerythrityl, DNA, erythritol, ethoxydiglycol, ethyl linoleate, eucalyptus globulus oil, evening primrose (oenothera biennis) oil, fatty acids, Geranium thunbergii oil, glucosamine, glucose glutamate, glutamic acid, glycerin-26, glycerin, glyceryl stearate, glyceryl hydroxystearate, glyceryl laurate, glyceryl linoleate, glyceryl myristate, glyceryl oleate, glyceryl stearate, glyceryl stearate SE, glycine, glycol stearate, glycol stearate SE, glycosaminoglycan, grape (vitis Vinifera seed oil, Corylus americana nut oil, Corylus avellana nut oil, hexylene glycol, hyaluronic acid, hybrid safflower (carthamus)(Tinctorius) oil, hydrogenated castor oil, hydrogenated cocoglycerides, hydrogenated coconut oil, hydrogenated lanolin, hydrogenated lecithin, hydrogenated palm glycerides, hydrogenated palm kernel oil, hydrogenated soybean oil, hydrogenated animal fat glycerides, hydrogenated vegetable oil, hydrolyzed collagen, hydrolyzed elastin, hydrolyzed glycosaminoglycans, hydrolyzed keratin, hydrolyzed soy protein, hydroxylanolin, hydroxyproline, isocetyl stearate, isocetyl stearoyl stearate, isodecyl oleate, isopropyl isostearate, isopropyl lanolinate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate, isostearamide DEA, isostearic acid, isostearyl lactate, isostearyl neopentanoate, jasmine (jasminum officinale) oil, jojoba (buxus chinensis) oil, kelp, kukui (aleurites) Moluccana nut oil, lactam MEA, lanet-16, lanet-10 acetate, lanolin, lanolinic acid, lanolin alcohol, lanolin oil, lanolin wax, lavender (lavandula angustifolia) oil, lecithin, lemon (citrus medica limonum) oil, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, macadamia nut oil, maltitol, matricaria (chamomilla) Examples of moisturizers include: recutita oil, methyl glucose sesquistearate, methylsilanol PCA, mineral oil, mink oil, Mortierella oil, myristyl lactate, myristyl myristate, myristyl propionate, neopentyl glycol dicaprylate / dicaprate, octyldodecanol, octyldodecyl myristate, octyldodecyl stearoyl stearate, octyl hydroxystearate, octyl palmitate, octyl salicylate, octyl stearate, oleic acid, olive (olea europaea) oil, orange (citrus aurantium dulcis) oil, palm (elaeis guineensis) oil, palmitic acid, pantethine, panthenol, panthenyl ethyl ether, paraffin, PCA, peach (prunus persica) kernel oil, and peanut (arachis hypogaea) oil. Further non-exclusive examples of moisturizers include PEG-8C12-18 ester, PEG-15 cocamine, PEG-150 distearate, PEG-60 glyceryl isostearate, PEG-5 glyceryl stearate, PEG-30 glyceryl stearate, PEG-7 hydrogenated castor oil, PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oil, PEG-20 methyl glucose sesquistearate, PEG-40 sorbitan peroleate, PEG-5 soybean sterols, PEG-10 soybean sterols, PEG-2 stearate, PEG-8 stearate, PEG-20 stearate, PEG-32 stearate, PEG-40 stearate, PEG-50 stearate, PEG-100 stearate, PEG-150 stearate, pentadecalactone, peppermint (mentha) (Piperita) oil, petrolatum, phospholipids, polyaminosaccharide condensate, polyglyceryl-3 diisostearate, polyquaternium-24, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 80, polysorbate 85, potassium myristate, potassium palmitate, propylene glycol, propylene glycol dicaprylate / dicaprate, propylene glycol dioctanoate, propylene glycol diperargonate, propylene glycol laurate, propylene glycol stearate, propylene glycol stearate SE, PVP, pyridoxine dipalmitate, retinol, retinyl palmitate, retinyl palmitate, rice (oryza sativa) bran oil, RNA, rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis) oil, rose oil, safflower (carthamus tinctorius) oil, sage (salvia) (Officinalis) oil, sandalwood (Santalum album) oil, serine, serum protein, sesame (Sesaminum indicum) oil, shea butter (Butyrospermum parkii), silk powder, sodium chondroitin sulfate, sodium hyaluronate, sodium lactate, sodium palmitate, sodium PCA, sodium polyglutamate, soluble collagen, sorbitan laurate, sorbitan oleate, sorbitan palmitate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan stearate, sorbitol, soy (glycineExamples of ingredients include soybean oil, sphingolipids, squalane, squalene, MEA-stearamide stearate, stearic acid, stearoxenyl dimethicone, stearoxenyltrimethylsilane, stearyl alcohol, stearyl glycyrrhetinate, stearyl heptanoate, stearyl stearate, sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seed oil, sweet almond (Prunus amygdalus dulcis) oil, synthetic beeswax, tocopherol, tocopheryl acetate, tocopheryl linoleate, tribehenin, tridecyl neopentanoate, tridecyl stearate, triethanolamine, tristearin, urea, vegetable oil, water, wax, wheat (Trificum vulgare) germ oil, and ylangiocarpus odorata oil. In one embodiment, the humectant may be allantoin.

[0093] In certain embodiments, cosmetic or dermatological formulations comprising the compositions disclosed herein further include preservatives. In certain embodiments, the preservatives are selected from one or more quaternary ammonium preservatives, e.g., polyquaternium-1 and benzalkonium halides (e.g., benzalkonium chloride "BAC" and benzalkonium bromide), parabens (e.g., methylparaben and propylparaben), phenoxyethanol, ethylhexylglycerin, ethylhexylglycerin benzyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, thimerosal, and combinations thereof.

[0094] In certain embodiments, cosmetic or dermatological formulations comprising the compositions disclosed herein may further include excipients commonly used in the formulation of cosmetic or pharmaceutical products for topical use, such as bactericides, stabilizers, emulsifiers, buffers, humectants, colorants, and other excipients commonly used in cosmetic / pharmaceutical preparation techniques.

[0095] In certain embodiments, a cosmetic or dermatological formulation comprising a composition disclosed herein further comprises one or more emulsifiers. In certain such embodiments, the emulsifiers reduce interphase tension and improve the formulation and stability of the emulsion. The emulsifiers may include nonionic emulsifiers, anionic emulsifiers, cationic emulsifiers, amphoteric emulsifiers, or combinations thereof. Non-limiting examples of emulsifiers include glycerin esters, propylene glycol esters, polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters, polypropylene glycol fatty acid esters, sorbitol esters, sorbitan anhydride esters, carboxylic acid copolymers, glucose esters and ethers, ethoxylated ethers, ethoxylated alcohols, alkyl phosphates, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ether phosphates, fatty acid amides, acyl lactate, soaps, TEA stearate, oleth-3 phosphate DEA, polyethylene glycol 20 sorbitan monolaurate (polysorbate 20), polyethylene glycol 5 soybean sterols, steareth-2, steareth-20, steareth-21, ceteareth-20, PPG-2 methyl glucose ether distearate, ceteth-10, polysorbate 80, cetyl phosphate, potassium cetyl phosphate, diethanolamine cetyl phosphate, polysorbate 60, glyceryl stearate, PEG-100 stearate, and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the nonionic emulsifier is cetearyl olive oil fatty acid or sorbitan olive oil fatty acid.

[0096] In certain embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein are combined with one or more further cosmetic compositions before use. In certain embodiments, the one or more further cosmetic compositions include one or more agents selected from α and β hydroxy acids, amino acids, peptides, matrix proteins, growth factors, stem cell activators, estrogens, anti-androgens, and skin whitening and brightening agents. In certain embodiments of this application in which the compositions disclosed herein are combined with one or more further cosmetic compositions before use, the one or more further cosmetic compositions include one or more cosmetic ingredients. A wide variety of non-limiting cosmetic ingredients listed in the CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook (2004 and 2008) may be used.Non-exclusive examples of cosmetic ingredients include fragrances (artificial and natural), dyes and colorants (e.g., Blue 1, Blue 1 Lake, Red 40, Titanium Dioxide, D&C Blue No. 4, D&C Green No. 5, D&C Orange No. 4, D&C Red No. 17, D&C Red No. 33, D&C Violet No. 2, D&C Yellow No. 10, and D&C Yellow No. 11), adsorbents, lubricants, solvents, and humectants (e.g., emollients, moisturizers, and film-forming agents). Forming agents, occlusive agents, and agents that affect the skin's natural moisturizing mechanism), water repellents, UV absorbers (including para-aminobenzoic acid ("PABA") and corresponding PABA derivatives, physical and chemical absorbers such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide), essential oils, vitamins (e.g., A, B, C, D, E, and K), trace metals (e.g., zinc, calcium, and selenium), anti-irritants (e.g., steroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), plant extracts (e.g., aloe vera, Examples of antimicrobial agents include chamomile, cucumber extract, ginkgo leaf, ginseng, and rosemary; antimicrobial agents, antioxidants (e.g., BHT and tocopherol); chelating agents (e.g., disodium EDTA and tetrasodium EDTA); preservatives (e.g., methylparaben and propylparaben); pH adjusters (e.g., sodium hydroxide and citric acid); absorbents (e.g., aluminum starch octenylsuccinate, kaolin, corn starch, oat starch, cyclodextrin, talc, and zeolite); skin bleaching and whitening agents (e.g., hydroquinone and niacinamide lactate); moisturizing agents (e.g., sorbitol, urea, and mannitol); exfoliating agents; waterproofing agents (e.g., magnesium / aluminum stearate hydroxide); and skin conditioning agents (e.g., aloe extract, allantoin, bisabolol, ceramide, dimethicone, hyaluronic acid, and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate).

[0097] In certain embodiments of this application, the compositions disclosed herein are combined with one or more topical skin drug compositions before use. In certain such embodiments, the pharmaceutically active agents include anti-acne agents, agents used to treat rosacea, analgesics, anesthetics, proctologists, antihistamines, anti-inflammatory agents including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, antibiotics, antifungal agents, antiviral agents, antibacterial agents, anticancer agents, scabies insecticides, lice exterminators, anticancer agents, antiperspirants, antipruritics, antipsoriasis agents, antiseborrheic agents, bioactive proteins and peptides, burn treatment agents, cauterizing agents, bleaching agents, depilatory agents, and The following are selected from: diaper rash treatment agents, enzymes, hair growth stimulants, hair growth retarders including eflornithine and its salts and analogs, hemostatic agents, keratolytic agents, stomatitis treatment agents, cold sore treatment agents, dental and periodontal treatment agents, photosensitizers, skin protectants / barriers, steroids including hormones and corticosteroids, sunburn treatment agents, sunscreens, transdermal activators, nasal activators, vaginal activators, wart treatment agents, wound treatment agents, wound healing agents, etc.

[0098] The foregoing is merely illustrative of the principles of this disclosure, and the apparatus may be implemented in forms other than those described. These are presented for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope. Those skilled in the art will likely consider variations and modifications after reviewing this disclosure. The disclosed features may be implemented in any combination and partial combination (including multiple dependent and partial combinations) with one or more other features described herein. The various features described or illustrated above, including any of their components, may be combined or integrated into other systems, compositions, and formulations. Furthermore, certain features may be omitted or not implemented at all.

[0099] Examples of modifications, substitutions, and alterations are verifiable by those skilled in the art and can be made without departing from the scope of the information disclosed herein. All references cited herein are incorporated in their entirety by reference and become part of this application. Example

[0100] While the present invention has been described in general terms here, it will be more readily understood by referring to the following embodiments which refer to the results documented in the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings are included solely for the purpose of illustrating specific aspects and embodiments of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. [Examples]

[0101] Example 1: Antioxidant properties of xanthomatine The antioxidant properties of xanthomatinammonium (hereinafter referred to as "xanthomatin") in an unsaturated solution were compared with known standard antioxidants. The experimental results are shown in Figures 1-3. These figures show the relative fluorescence (RFU) values ​​over time (in seconds) of the known antioxidants Trolox (vitamin E analogue) and ascorbic acid compared with xanthomatin. The experiments were conducted using 10, 20, and 40 μM Trolox, ascorbic acid, and xanthomatinammonium ("Xa") and compared with the performance of 1:1 Trolox:Xa (20 μM:20 μM and 40 μM:40 μM) and 1:1 ascorbic acid:Xa (20 μM:20 μM and 40 μM:40 μM).

[0102] Figure 1 shows the performance of trolox and trolox:xanthomatine in a 1:1 ratio. Figure 2 shows the performance of ascorbic acid and ascorbic acid:xanthomatine in a 1:1 ratio. Figure 3 shows xanthomatine alone. In all cases, xanthomatine was in the form of non-aggregated xanthomatine molecules in the unsaturated solution. Figure 1 shows that when the ratio of trolox to xanthomatine is 1:1, the decrease in RFU over time is slower compared to a composition containing trolox alone at a concentration of 20 μM or higher. The presence of xanthomatine in the composition slows the degradation of trolox. Similarly, as shown in Figure 2, when the ratio of ascorbic acid to xanthomatine in the ratio of Figure 3 is 1:1, a high RFU value is maintained for a longer period, the decrease in RFU value is slower, and degradation is delayed compared to ascorbic acid alone at a comparable concentration. Figure 3 shows that xanthomatine at concentrations of 10, 20, and 40 μM maintains higher RFU values ​​over longer periods compared to the compositions in Figures 1 and 2. Compositions containing xanthomatine exhibited activity levels comparable to those of antioxidants alone. Furthermore, xanthomatine demonstrated the ability to delay the degradation of antioxidants over time, providing a longer lifespan, compared to known standard antioxidant compositions alone.

[0103] Table 1 shows the calculated area under the curve (AUC) for the data shown in Figures 1-3. [Table 1]

[0104] The results indicate that xanthomatine has activity equivalent to that of vitamin C and vitamin E.

[0105] Example 2: UV filter stabilization properties of xanthomatine The UV filter stabilization properties of an unsaturated xanthomatine solution were investigated by comparing the behavior of the UV filter stabilizer over time with that of UV filter stabilizers combined with xanthomatine. As shown in Figures 4-8, when an unsaturated xanthomatine solution was added to solutions containing oxybenzone (Figures 4A and 4B), avobenzone (Figures 5A and 5B), octi and homosalate (Figures 6A and 6B), octinoxate (Figures 7A and 7B), and octocrylene (Figures 8A and 8B), the UV absorption increased by approximately 240-310 nm on day 1 compared to the chemical UV filter alone. On day 16, the UV absorption profile of the formulation containing xanthomatine and the chemical UV filter was more similar to the UV absorption profile on day 1 and showed higher UV absorption across the entire UV spectrum than the chemical UV filter alone. Therefore, the presence of approximately 0.01% by weight of xanthommatine in a formulation containing oxybenzone, avobenzone, octi- and homosalate, octinoxate, and octocrylene enhances the UV absorption properties of the chemical UV filter and stabilizes it over time.

[0106] Example 3: UV boosting properties of xanthomatine Figures 9-11 show the UV absorption behavior of octinoxate, avobenzone, and oxybenzone, which are chemical UV filters, in unsaturated solutions (0.03 wt%), individually, in combination with avobenzone, and in combination with xanthomatine small molecules. Tables 2-4 show the changes in performance for various combinations. [Table 2] [Table 3] [Table 4]

[0107] Adding xanthomatine to compositions containing octinoxate, avobenzone, and oxybenzone alters the composition's UV absorption profile, increasing the formulation's UV absorption across the UV spectrum. Combinations of octinoxate or oxybenzone with xanthomatine molecules exhibit higher UV absorption than the same UV filter containing avobenzone. The presence of 0.03 wt% xanthomatine has been shown to enhance the UVB absorption of octinoxate and oxybenzone by over 250% in some cases. The presence of the same amount of xanthomatine enhanced the performance of avobenzone by up to 109%. Therefore, an unsaturated solution of xanthomatine can function as a substitute for avobenzone and can also enhance the UVB absorption of other filters.

[0108] Example 4: Chemical and Mineral Sunscreens Chemical sunscreens were prepared using the components outlined in Table 5. [Table 5]

[0109] Specifically, the above control chemical sunscreen was prepared using the complete ingredient list shown in Table 6 below. Phase A was prepared by solubilizing disodium EDTA in water in the main beaker. The beaker was heated to 75°C. The solution was stirred, and the C10-C30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer was slowly added and mixed until the majority of the material was dispersed in the solution. After incorporating the C10-C30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer, the solution was mixed until all the crosspolymer was uniformly dispersed throughout the mixture. Phase B was prepared by weighing components 4-9 of Phase B into a separate beaker and heating to 60°C. The mixture was stirred to ensure that all components and waxes were melted and mixed. Components 10-12 of Phase B were added to a separate container and slowly added to the Phase B beaker to uniformly disperse each component. Once everything was incorporated, Phase B was added to Phase A and mixed well. Stirring was increased to completely emulsify the batch. The batch was then cooled while continuing to mix. Phase C was added to the batch and thoroughly mixed to ensure proper integration. Sodium hydroxide was added to the batch at 50°C. The batch was then removed from the mixture and homogenized for 4 minutes. Mixing was then continued until the batch reached room temperature. [Table 6]

[0110] The above chemical sunscreen containing xanthommatin ammonium was prepared using the complete list of ingredients shown in Table 7 below. Specifically, Phase A was prepared by solubilizing disodium EDTA in water in a main beaker and heating to 75°C. The solution was stirred, and the C10-C30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer was slowly added and mixed until the majority of the material was dispersed in the solution. After the C10-C30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer was incorporated, xanthommatin ammonium was added and mixed until dissolved, and the crosspolymer was uniformly dispersed throughout the mixture. Components 5-10 of Phase B were added to a separate beaker, heated to 60°C, and stirred to ensure that all components and waxes were melted and mixed. The mixture was continued to stir. Components 11-13 of Phase B were slowly added to the Phase B beaker, and each component was uniformly dispersed. Once everything was incorporated, Phase B was added to Phase A and mixed well. After increasing the stirring to completely emulsify the batch, the batch was cooled while continuing to mix. Next, phase C was added to the batch and thoroughly mixed to ensure proper integration. Then, sodium hydroxide was added at 50°C, and the batch was removed from the mixer and homogenized for 4 minutes, after which mixing was continued until the batch reached room temperature. [Table 7]

[0111] The mineral sunscreen was prepared using the ingredients outlined in Table 8. [Table 8]

[0112] Specifically, the above control mineral sunscreen was prepared using the complete ingredient list shown in Table 9 below. Phase A was prepared by solubilizing disodium EDTA in water in the main beaker and heating the beaker to 75°C while stirring moderately. In a separate beaker, glycerin, xanthan gum, and hydroxyethylcellulose were combined, thoroughly mixed, and then added to the main beaker. The batch was stirred for about 5 minutes. Components 6-11 of Phase B were added to a separate beaker, heated to 75°C, and stirred to ensure all components and waxes were melted and mixed. After stirring this beaker moderately, component 14 of Phase B was added. Next, component 12 of Phase B was added to the batch in small amounts, dispersing the material in the oil phase before adding the next portion. After all of component 12 had been added, the same process was repeated with component 13. Once both components were incorporated into and mixed with Phase B, Phase B was added to Phase A, thoroughly mixed, and then stirred vigorously to completely emulsify the batch. Once the batch emulsified under heating, the beaker was removed from the hot plate and homogenized completely under heating for 5 minutes continuously. The resulting mixture was then stirred while it cooled to room temperature. [Table 9]

[0113] The above mineral sunscreen containing xanthomatin ammonium was prepared using the complete ingredient list shown in Table 10 below. Phase A was prepared by solubilizing disodium EDTA in water in a main beaker and heating the beaker to 75°C while stirring moderately. Then, xanthomatin ammonium was added in batches, mixing between each addition to dissolve the xanthomatin ammonium in the mixture. Once complete, the mixture was cooled to 40°C, and NaOH was added as needed to adjust the pH to 5.0-5.5. Then, the mixture was heated to 75°C while stirring moderately. In a separate beaker, glycerin and xanthan gum were combined, thoroughly mixed, and then added to the main beaker. The batch was stirred for about 10 minutes. Components 7-12 of Phase B were added to a separate beaker, heated to 75°C, and stirred to ensure all components and waxes were melted and mixed. After stirring the beaker with moderate mixing, component 13 of phase B was added to the batch in small amounts, dispersing the material in the oil phase before adding the next portion. Once all of component 13 had been added, the same process was repeated with component 14. Once both components were incorporated into phase B and mixed, component 15 was added to phase B, then phase B was added to phase A and mixed thoroughly, after which stirring was increased to completely emulsify the batch. Once the batch was emulsified under heating, the beaker was removed from the hot plate and homogenized completely under heating for 5 minutes continuously. The resulting mixture was then cooled to room temperature while stirring was continued. A QS was performed with water. [Table 10]

[0114] Spectral transmittance at each wavelength across the entire UV spectrum (290–400 nanometers) was measured using a Labsphere UV 2000S Ultraviolet Transmittance Analyzer or a Solar Light Company, Inc. SPF290-AS. Transmittance values ​​were measured at 1-nanometer intervals. A Solar Light Model LS1000-4S-009 was used for UV irradiation. The simulator was equipped with a UV dichroic mirror, a WG320 filter, a thermal filter, and a UG5 filter. The total irradiation dose of the solar simulator was limited to 1,500 W / m2 for all wavelengths between 250 and 400 nm to obtain a continuous emission spectrum from 290 to 400 nm. The percentage of erythemal effective radiation at each specified wavelength is shown in Table 11. [Table 11]

[0115] The sunscreen was applied at a rate of 1.3 mg / cm² to four new, untreated, roughened PMMA plates (with the roughened side facing up). The sunscreen was applied as numerous small droplets of approximately equal volume, distributed evenly across the entire surface of the plates. Using a finger cot, the product was spread with very light pressure for approximately 30 seconds, followed by spreading with stronger pressure for approximately 30 seconds. The samples were dried for 30 minutes at a controlled temperature (25–35°C) protected from light. Five product spectra were obtained at 1 nm intervals in the 290–400 nm range on a PMMA plate. The PMMA plate containing the sample was exposed to a controlled dose of UV irradiation to simulate 4 hours of sunlight (UV) exposure. After irradiation, five product spectra were again obtained at 1 nm intervals in the 290–400 nm range on the PMMA plate. Reference (blank) measurements were performed on glycerin-treated PMMA. Initial and final absorbances were calculated for the total UV (290–400 nm), UVB (290–320 nm), and UVA (320–400 nm) ranges. The stability ratio was calculated as the ratio of the final value (after irradiation) to the initial value (before irradiation).

[0116] SPF is calculated using the derived Mansur formula (Sayre, RM, et al., A Comparison of in vivo and in vitro testing of sunscreening Formulas. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 1979.29(3):p.559-566), formula 1,

number

number

[0117] The photostability is calculated using the above data in Equation 3.

number

number

[0118] Figure 12 shows the results of measuring the SPF of chemical sunscreen samples before and after irradiation. In this figure, the black bars represent pre-irradiation measurements, and the patterned bars represent post-irradiation measurements. As shown, a chemical sunscreen containing 0.1% xanthommatin ammonium resulted in a 45% SPF boost before irradiation and a 38% SPF boost after irradiation.

[0119] Figure 13 shows the results of measuring the SPF of mineral sunscreen samples before and after irradiation. In this figure, the black bars represent the pre-irradiation measurements, and the patterned bars represent the post-irradiation measurements. As shown, the mineral sunscreen containing 0.1% xanthommatin ammonium resulted in a 21% SPF boost before irradiation and a 3% SPF boost after irradiation.

[0120] The performance of both chemical and mineral sunscreens containing xanthommatin ammonium can be confirmed from the data presented in Table 11 below. Specifically, as shown in Table 13, the addition of 0.1% xanthommatin ammonium to both mineral and chemical sunscreens boosted the SPF and UVA PF of the formulations. [Table 13]

[0121] A comparison of the pre- and post-irradiation stability of both chemical and mineral sunscreens containing xanthommatin ammonium can be seen in the data presented in Table 14 below. Specifically, the SPF stability of the control chemical sunscreen formulation was improved by 0.1% xanthommatin ammonium. [Table 14]

[0122] Example 5: Absorbance and cytotoxicity studies

[0123] To evaluate whether the natural optical properties of xanthomatine can be used to boost the UV performance of low-concentration (<0.2 mM) organic UV filters, the performance of xanthomatine ammonium as a broad-spectrum absorber was tested. The absorbance capacity of xanthomatine was tested in solution alone (Figure 14) and in combination with FDA-approved organic UV filters (Figures 15 and 16) over the spectral range of 280–500 nm. The inventors observed a clear relationship between increasing xanthomatine concentration and UV absorption by visible light (Figure 14). Specifically, compared to the absorption behavior of pure organic UV filters (0.1–0.2 mM in DMSO), xanthomatine (0.6 mM in DMSO) showed a broader profile extending from UVB to the visible light region. When xanthomatine was combined with chemical UV filters, a significant increase in both the UVB (300 nm) and UVA (360 nm) regions was achieved in all filters tested, and the inventors observed that the addition of xanthomatine increased the UVA and UVB performance by at least 50% (Figure 16). These results effectively demonstrate that xanthomatine enhances the absorption profiles of these molecules in solution.

[0124] Considering the UV filter-boosting properties of xanthomatine, the inventors then tested its cytotoxicity under conditions of exposure to non-cytotoxic levels of UVA light (315–400 nm, measurement range 0–199.9 mW / cm2) and in the absence of exposure. In these experiments, cytotoxicity was expressed as a concentration-dependent decrease in the uptake of neutral red dye in BALB / c 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell lines after treatment in both the presence and absence of UVA exposure. (Borenfreund, E. and JAPuerner, Toxicity) Determined in vitro by morphological alchanges and neutral red absorption. Toxicol Lett, 1985. 24(2-3): p.119-24). In the presence of UVA, cells treated with xanthomatin showed a clear cytotoxic effect, and the relative cell viability at the highest test item concentration in three independent +UVA experiments was 18.1%, 29.7%, and 62.3% compared to the -UVA control (88.5%, 99.3%, and 100.6% in three experiments) (Figure 17A). Since the EC50 value could not be calculated in the -UVA experiments, the photostimulation coefficient (PIF = EC50(-UVA) / EC50(+UVA)) could not be calculated. Instead, Equation 5,

number

[0125] The controls confirmed the validity of the tests, and the negative controls in the +UVA experiments showed cell viability of 86.80% (Experiment 1), 92.03% (Experiment 2), and 102.39% (Experiment 3) compared to the untreated -UVA controls. On the other hand, the EC50 calculations for the positive controls containing chlorpromazine for both -UVA (8.327 μg / mL Experiment 1, 15.530 μg / mL Experiment 2, and 18.809 μg / mL Experiment 3) and +UVA experiments (0.221 μg / mL Experiment 1, 0.413 μg / mL Experiment 2, and 0.469 μg / mL Experiment 3) were within the valid range. The PIF values ​​for the positive controls were 37.81 (Experiment 1), 37.74 (Experiment 2), and 40.33 (Experiment 3) (Figure 17B).

[0126] The toxicological endpoints of this in vitro 3T3 NRU phototoxicity assay were developed and validated in a joint EU / COLIPA project, and therefore this assay is well recognized as an in vitro alternative to various in vivo tests in use. (Spielmann, H. et al., EEC / COLIPA project on in vitro phototoxicity testing: First results obtained with a Balb / c 3T3 cell phototoxicity assay. Toxicol In Vitro, 1994.8(4):p.793-6; Balls, M., Statement on the scientific validity of the 3T3 NRU PT test (an in vitro test for phototoxic potential). 1998; Spielmann, H. et al., The International EU / COLIPA In Vitro Phototoxicity Validation Study: Results of Phase II (Blind Trial). Part 1: The 3T3 NRU Phototoxicity Test. Toxicol In Vitro, 1998.12(3):p.305-27). According to these guidelines, our data suggests that xanthomatine is neither phototoxic nor photoirritating. Here, phototoxicity is defined as a toxic reaction that occurs after initial exposure to a test chemical followed by exposure to light, or after systemic administration of a chemical following irradiation.

[0127] Example 6: Stabilization / Boosting of Antioxidants For antioxidant stabilization / boosting experiments, the antioxidant capacity and performance of ammonium xanthomatine alone and blended with equimolar ascorbic acid (vitamin C) or trolox (vitamin E analogue) were tested at 37°C for 90 minutes using a standard oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) assay. The ORAC assay measures the antioxidant capacity of biomolecules based on the oxidation of a fluorescein probe by peroxyl radicals (fluorescence decreases as antioxidant capacity decreases). The ORAC assay is described in detail at https: / / www.cellbiolabs.com / sites / default / files / STA-345-orac-assay-kit.pdf, and its contents are incorporated herein by reference. In all cases, ammonium xanthomatine yielded antioxidant capacity comparable to known antioxidant standards (trolox and vitamin C). These findings were supported by comparable area under the curve (AUC) calculations under the highest concentration (40 μM) conditions (Figure 18). Figure 19 provides half-life measurements of xanthomatin ammonium in solution compared to vitamin C in solution when assayed at the same concentration. The half-life of xanthomatin ammonium in solution was twice as long as that of vitamin C when assayed at the same concentration. Figures 20 and 21 show that the performance of vitamin C and vitamin E is extended when combined with xanthomatin ammonium, respectively. Specifically, Figure 20 shows that the performance of vitamin C was extended by 23% when combined with xanthomatin ammonium. Figure 21 shows that the performance of vitamin E was extended by 9% when combined with xanthomatin ammonium. The present invention provides, for example, the following items: (Item 1) At least one UV filter material, An unsaturated solution of phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts, in less than 1% by weight or more than 1% by weight. A composition containing the following: (Item 2) The composition according to item 1, wherein the at least one UV filter material and the unsaturated solution of the phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or any of the salts described above, together exhibit a synergistic effect. (Item 3) The composition according to item 1 or 2, wherein the composition has a higher pre-irradiation SPF than the composition which comprises the at least one UV filter material but does not contain 1% by weight or more than 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or unsaturated solutions of any of the aforementioned salts. (Item 4) The composition according to any one of items 1 to 3, wherein the composition has a greater post-irradiation SPF than the composition comprising the at least one UV filter material but not comprising 1% by weight or less than 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or unsaturated solutions of any of the aforementioned salts. (Item 5) The composition according to item 3 or 4, wherein the composition has an increase in SPF of more than 10% compared to the composition which comprises the at least one UV filter material but does not contain 1% by weight or more of phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or unsaturated solutions of any of the aforementioned salts. (Item 6) The composition comprises the at least one UV filter material, but less than 1% by weight or more than 1% by weight of a phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, and The composition according to item 3 or 4, having an increase in SPF of more than 25% compared to a composition that does not contain a precursor or derivative of or an unsaturated solution of any of the aforementioned salts. (Item 7) The composition according to any of the preceding items, wherein the SPF of the composition is maintained for at least one week. (Item 8) The composition according to any of the preceding items, wherein the SPF of the composition is maintained for at least two weeks. (Item 9) The composition according to any of the preceding items, wherein the SPF of the composition is maintained for at least three weeks. (Item 10) The composition according to any of the preceding items, wherein the composition exhibits a greater UV absorbance than the composition comprising the at least one UV filter material but not comprising 1% or less by weight or more than 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or unsaturated solutions of any of the aforementioned salts. (Item 11) The composition exhibits a change in UV absorbance greater than 100% compared to a composition containing the at least one UV filter material but not containing 1% or more by weight of a phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or an unsaturated solution of any of the aforementioned salts, as described in any of the preceding items. The composition of the material. (Item 12) The composition according to any of the preceding items, wherein the composition exhibits a change in UV absorbance greater than 150% compared to a composition that includes the at least one UV filter material but does not contain 1% or less by weight or more than 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or an unsaturated solution of any of the aforementioned salts. (Item 13) The composition according to any of the preceding items, wherein the composition exhibits a change in UV absorbance of more than 200% compared to a composition that includes the at least one UV filter material but does not contain 1% or less by weight of 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or an unsaturated solution of any of the aforementioned salts. (Item 14) The composition according to any of the preceding items, wherein the phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or any of the aforementioned salts comprises xanthomatine, decarboxylated xanthomatine, acycline xanthomatine, omatin D, dihydroxy-xanthomatine, or rhodomatine, its derivative or precursor, or any of the aforementioned salts. (Item 15) The composition according to item 14, wherein one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts comprises xanthomatine or a salt thereof. (Item 16) A composition according to any of the preceding items, comprising one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or unsaturated solutions of any of the aforementioned salts, wherein the molecules are not aggregated. (Item 17) The at least one UV filter material comprises at least one UV-absorbing compound. A composition as described in any of the preceding items. (Item 18) The composition according to item 17, wherein the at least one UV-absorbing compound is selected from avobenzone, oxybenzone, oxybenzone cinoxate, homosalate, octisalate, octinoxate, octocrylene, and trolamine salicylic acid. (Item 19) The composition according to any one of items 1 to 16, wherein the at least one UV filter material comprises at least one UV scattering particle. (Item 20) The composition according to item 19, wherein the at least one UV scattering particle is selected from titanium dioxide and zinc dioxide. (Item 21) The composition according to any of the preceding items, wherein the composition is formulated as a solution. (Item 22) The composition according to item 21, wherein at least one UV filter material and one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts are uniformly distributed in the solution. (Item 23) The composition according to any one of items 1 to 18, wherein the composition is formulated as an emulsion. (Item 24) A composition according to any of the preceding items, further comprising one or more nonionic polymer emulsifiers selected from potassium cetyl phosphate, PEG-150 distearate, cetearyl alcohol, caprylic / capric triglyceride, and glyceryl stearate. (Item 25) The composition according to any of the preceding items, wherein the composition is formulated as a cream, gel, spray, or lotion for use in cosmetics or dermatological preparations. (Item 26) The composition according to any of the preceding items, wherein the composition is formulated to provide protection from solar ultraviolet radiation. (Item 27) The composition according to any of the preceding items, wherein the composition is formulated to provide at least 15 SPF. (Item 28) The composition according to any one of items 1 to 26, wherein the composition is formulated to provide at least 30 SPF. (Item 29) The composition according to any one of items 1 to 26, wherein the composition is formulated to provide an SPF of 15 to 100. (Item 30) The composition according to any one of items 1 to 26, wherein the composition is formulated to provide an SPF of 60 or more. (Item 31) The composition according to any one of items 1 to 30, wherein the composition is formulated to provide at least 15 UVA-PFs. (Item 32) The composition according to any one of items 1 to 30, wherein the composition is formulated to provide at least 30 UVA-PFs. (Item 33) The composition is formulated to provide 15-100 UVA-PF, item 1- A composition as described in any of the 30. (Item 34) The composition according to any one of items 1 to 30, wherein the composition is formulated to provide 60 or more UVA-PF. (Item 35) The composition according to any one of items 1 to 34, wherein the composition is formulated to provide broad-spectrum protection. (Item 36) The composition according to any one of items 1 to 35, wherein the composition is formulated to provide a filter ratio of UVA I to UV B of at least 0.7 or greater. (Item 37) A composition according to any of the preceding items, further comprising at least one additional antioxidant compound. (Item 38) The composition according to item 37, wherein the at least one additional antioxidant compound comprises one or more of arbutin, BHA, BHT, kojic acid, hydroxyanisole, hydroquinone, t-butylhydroquinone, tocopherol, nordihydroguaiaretinic acid, rosmarinic acid, trolox, goosypol, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, flavanols, protocatechuic acid, resorsylic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, ascorbic acid, ascorbyl palmitate, carotenoids, cysteine ​​hydrochloride, dithiothreitol, glutathione, thioglycolic acid, thiodipropionic acid, alpha-lipoic acid, and / or xanthine. (Item 39) The composition according to item 37 or 38, wherein the at least one additional antioxidant compound is present in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight. (Item 40) The composition according to item 37 or 38, wherein the at least one additional antioxidant compound is present in an amount of 0.1 to 1% by weight. (Item 41) A composition according to any of the preceding items, further comprising an antiradical compound. (Item 42) The composition according to item 41, wherein the anti-radical compound is present in an amount of 0.1 to 15% by weight. (Item 43) The composition according to item 41, wherein the anti-radical compound is present in an amount of 0.1 to 1% by weight. (Item 44) The composition according to item 41, wherein the anti-radical compound is present in an amount of 1 to 10% by weight. (Item 45) The composition according to item 41, wherein the anti-radical compound is present in an amount of 6 to 8% by weight. (Item 46) The composition according to any of the preceding items, wherein the at least one UV filter material is present in an amount of 10 to 35% by weight. (Item 47) The composition according to any one of items 1 to 45, wherein the at least one UV filter material is present in an amount of 0.1 to 15% by weight. (Item 48) The composition according to any one of items 1 to 45, wherein the at least one UV filter material is present in an amount of 0.1 to 5% by weight. (Item 49) The composition according to any one of items 1 to 45, wherein the at least one UV filter material is present in an amount of 0.1 to 1% by weight. (Item 50) The composition according to any of the preceding items, wherein the composition comprises 0.1 to 1% by weight of a phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or a salt of any of the foregoing. (Item 51) The composition according to any one of items 1 to 49, wherein the composition comprises 0.01 to 0.1% by weight of a phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or a salt of any of the foregoing. (Item 52) The composition according to any one of items 1 to 49, wherein the composition comprises 0.01 to 0.05% by weight of a phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or a salt of any of the foregoing. (Item 53) The composition according to any one of items 1 to 49, wherein the composition comprises 0.1% by weight of a phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or a salt of any of the foregoing. (Item 54) A method for maintaining the SPF of a composition comprising at least one UV filter material, comprising adding an unsaturated solution containing 1% by weight or less than 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or salts of any of the foregoing, to the composition to provide a final cosmetic formulation. (Item 55) The method according to item 54, wherein the phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or any of the aforementioned salts comprises xanthomatine, decarboxylated xanthomatine, acycline xanthomatine, omatin D, dihydroxy-xanthomatine, or rhodomatine, its precursor or derivative, or any of the aforementioned salts. (Item 56) The method according to item 55, wherein the phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or any of the aforementioned salts comprises xanthomatine or a salt thereof. (Item 57) The method according to any one of items 54 to 56, wherein the at least one UV filter material comprises at least one UV-absorbing compound. (Item 58) The method according to item 57, wherein the at least one UV-absorbing compound is selected from avobenzone, oxybenzone, oxybenzone cinoxate, homosalate, octisalate, octinoxate, octocrylene, and trolamine salicylic acid. (Item 59) The method according to any one of items 54 to 58, wherein one or more of the aforementioned phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts constitute 0.01 to 0.1% by weight in the final cosmetic formulation. (Item 60) The method according to any one of items 54 to 58, wherein one or more of the aforementioned phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts constitute 0.01% by weight in the final cosmetic formulation. (Item 61) The method according to any one of items 54-60, wherein the SPF is maintained for at least one week. (Item 62) The method according to any of items 54-60, wherein the SPF is maintained for at least two weeks. (Item 63) The method according to any of items 54-60, wherein the SPF is maintained for at least three weeks. (Item 64) A method for increasing the SPF of a composition comprising at least one UV filter material, comprising adding an unsaturated solution containing 1% by weight or less than 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or salts of any of the foregoing, to the composition to provide a final cosmetic formulation. (Item 65) The method according to item 64, wherein the at least one UV filter material and the unsaturated solution of less than 1% by weight or more than 1 or 1% by weight of a phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or any of the salts thereof exhibit a synergistic effect together. (Item 66) The composition described in item 64 or 65 has a pre-irradiation SPF increase of more than 10% compared to a composition that contains the at least one UV filter material but does not contain 1% or more by weight of phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or unsaturated solutions of any of the aforementioned salts. Law. (Item 67) The method according to item 64 or 65, wherein the composition has a post-irradiation SPF increase of more than 10% compared to a composition that includes the at least one UV filter material but does not contain 1% by weight or more of phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or unsaturated solutions of any of the aforementioned salts. (Item 68) The method according to any one of items 64 to 67, wherein the phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or any of the aforementioned salts comprises xanthomatine, decarboxylated xanthomatine, acycline xanthomatine, omatin D, dihydroxy-xanthomatine, or rhodomatine, its precursor or derivative, or any of the aforementioned salts. (Item 69) The method according to item 68, wherein one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts comprises xanthomatine or a salt thereof. (Item 70) The method according to any one of items 64 to 69, wherein one or more of the aforementioned phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts constitute 0.03% by weight in the final cosmetic formulation. (Item 71) The method according to any one of items 64 to 70, wherein the at least one UV filter material comprises at least one UV-absorbing compound. (Item 72) The method according to item 71, wherein the UV-absorbing compound comprises one of avobenzone, oxybenzone, oxybenzone cinoxate, homosalate, octisalate, octinoxate, octocrylene, and / or trolamine salicylic acid. (Item 73) The method according to any one of items 64 to 70, wherein the at least one UV filter material comprises at least one UV scattering particle. (Item 74) The method according to item 73, wherein the UV scattering particles include titanium dioxide or zinc oxide. (Item 75) Vitamin E analogues, One or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or unsaturated solutions of any of the aforementioned salts An antioxidant composition containing the above. (Item 76) The composition according to item 75, wherein the composition functions as an antioxidant for a longer period than the composition comprising the vitamin E analog alone. (Item 77) The composition according to item 75 or 76, wherein the aforementioned 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts comprises xanthomatine, decarboxylated xanthomatine, acycline xanthomatine, omatin D, dihydroxy-xanthomatine, rhodomatine, or its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts. (Item 78) The composition according to item 77, wherein one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts comprises xanthomatine or a salt thereof. (Item 79) A composition according to any one of items 75 to 78, wherein the vitamin E analog and one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts are present in a 1:1 molar ratio. (Item 80) The composition according to any one of items 75 to 79, wherein the vitamin E analog is trolox. (Item 81) A composition according to any one of items 75 to 80, comprising 0.01 to 1% by weight of 1 or more of the aforementioned phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or a salt of any of the aforementioned. (Item 82) A composition according to any one of items 75 to 80, comprising 1 to 5% by weight of 1 or more of the aforementioned phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or a salt of any of the aforementioned. (Item 83) A composition according to any one of items 75 to 80, comprising 1 to 10% by weight of 1 or more of the aforementioned phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or a salt of any of the aforementioned. (Item 84) A composition according to any one of items 75 to 80, comprising 50% by weight of one or more of the aforementioned phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or salts of any of the aforementioned compounds. (Item 85) Ascorbic acid and, One or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or unsaturated solutions of any of the aforementioned salts An antioxidant composition containing the above. (Item 86) The composition according to item 86, wherein the composition functions as an antioxidant for a longer period than the composition comprising ascorbic acid alone. (Item 87) The composition according to item 85 or 86, wherein the aforementioned 1 or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts comprises xanthomatine, decarboxylated xanthomatine, acycline xanthomatine, omatin D, dihydroxy-xanthomatine, rhodomatine, or its precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts. (Item 88) The composition according to item 87, wherein one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts comprises xanthomatine or a salt thereof. (Item 89) The composition according to any one of items 85 to 88, wherein the ascorbic acid and one or more phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or any of the aforementioned salts are present in a 1:1 molar ratio in the final formulation. (Item 90) A composition according to any one of items 85 to 89, comprising 0.01 to 1% by weight of 1 or more of the aforementioned phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or a salt of any of the aforementioned. (Item 91) A composition according to any one of items 85 to 89, comprising 1 to 5% by weight of 1 or more of the aforementioned phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or a salt of any of the aforementioned. (Item 92) A composition according to any one of items 85 to 89, comprising 1 to 10% by weight of 1 or more of the aforementioned phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compound, its precursor or derivative, or a salt of any of the aforementioned. (Item 93) A composition according to any one of items 85 to 89, comprising 50% by weight of one or more of the aforementioned phenoxazone and / or phenoxazine compounds, their precursors or derivatives, or salts of any of the aforementioned compounds.

Claims

[Claim 1] The invention described in the specification.

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