greenhouse

Abstract

This greenhouse provides a mechanism to prevent damage from high temperatures during the summer by adjusting the amount of light entering the interior through the roof. [Solution] The greenhouse (10A) has a transparent roof (20) and a heat shield (40) positioned above the roof (20). The amount of light entering the room through the roof (20) can be adjusted by the heat shield (40).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a greenhouse that takes in sunlight and keeps the internal temperature constant.

Background Art

[0002] Greenhouses such as glass houses and plastic houses have the function of raising the internal temperature by taking in sunlight and keeping the internal temperature constant by ventilating. In addition, by surrounding the agricultural land, it has the effect of reducing the influence of wind and rain and stabilizing the production and quality of agricultural crops.

[0003] Patent Document 1 discloses a windbreak wall that surrounds a cultivation house, stands higher than the cultivation house, and is arranged in a circular shape, and a ventilation part formed at a predetermined vertical width from the upper end above the windbreak wall, the ventilation part being composed of a large number of dispersed through-holes, and a plurality of baffle plates that form a large number of through-holes on the whole or partially and are placed horizontally above the cultivation house and through which strong wind passes. When the strong wind collides with the windbreak wall, a house windbreak mechanism is described that alleviates the wind that turns into the mechanism from the upper end of the windbreak wall through the ventilation part and the baffle plates.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] By the way, the average annual temperature in Japan from the start of statistics in 1898 to 2023 has been rising while repeating various fluctuations, and in the long term, it has been rising at a rate of 1.35°C per 100 years. Especially since the 1990s, years with high temperatures have been frequent. In conventional greenhouses, when the indoor temperature is high, the roof is opened for ventilation to lower the indoor temperature. However, with the rising summer temperatures in recent years, ventilation alone is insufficient to lower the indoor temperature due to the high outside temperature.

[0006] The objective of this invention is to provide a greenhouse that can prevent damage from high temperatures in the summer by adjusting the amount of light that enters the interior through the roof. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] A greenhouse according to one aspect of the present invention is A transparent roof, The roof is equipped with a heat shield plate positioned above it, The amount of light entering the room through the roof is adjustable by the heat shield. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] According to the present invention, the amount of light entering the room through the roof can be adjusted by the heat shield, thus preventing damage from high temperatures in the summer while still allowing sunlight to enter. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0009] [Figure 1] This is a vertical cross-sectional view of the greenhouse 10A according to the first embodiment. [Figure 2] This is a cross-sectional view of the greenhouse 10A with the heat shield 40 adjusted to be parallel to the roof 20. [Figure 3] This is a vertical cross-sectional view of the greenhouse 10B according to the second embodiment. [Figure 4] This is a vertical cross-sectional view of the greenhouse 10C according to the third embodiment. [Figure 5] This is a vertical cross-sectional view of the greenhouse 10D of the fourth embodiment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0010] Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. [First Embodiment] Figure 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a greenhouse 10A according to a first embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the greenhouse 10A comprises a foundation 11 provided on farmland 1, an outer wall 12 provided on the foundation 11, a roof 20 supported on the upper part of the outer wall 12, and a shielding mechanism 30 provided on the upper part of the roof 20.

[0011] The foundation 11 serves to fix the greenhouse 10A to the farmland 1. The foundation 11 is a pile foundation or a strip foundation, and can be constructed using concrete, for example. The exterior wall 12 is fixed to the foundation 11. For example, the exterior wall 12 can be fixed to the foundation 11 by anchor bolts (not shown). Any material can be used for the exterior wall 12. For example, polycarbonate, acrylic, polypropylene, glass fiber reinforced polycarbonate, etc., can be used. By using polycarbonate, acrylic, polypropylene, etc., the structure of the greenhouse 10A can be constructed without using a frame or other structural elements. In addition, it eliminates the need for re-covering, unlike plastic film greenhouses made of agricultural polyolefin film, etc.

[0012] It is preferable to use a material that transmits sunlight for the exterior wall 12. Specifically, polycarbonate, acrylic, glass fiber reinforced polycarbonate, etc., can be used as the material that transmits sunlight for the exterior wall 12. Furthermore, the outer surface of the exterior wall 12 may be coated with a hard coat.

[0013] An opening 13 (see Figure 2) is provided in a part of the outer wall 12, which serves as an entrance and exit to the greenhouse 10A, and a door 14 is provided to open and close the opening 13. The opening 13 serves as an entrance and exit for people into the greenhouse 10A. The door 14 opens and closes the opening 13, and when the door 14 is open, outside air flows into the greenhouse through the opening 13. The door 14 can be made of the same material as the exterior wall 12. Specifically, polycarbonate, acrylic, polypropylene, glass fiber reinforced polycarbonate, etc., can be used for the door 14.

[0014] On the upper part of the outer wall 12, a roof 20 is provided. For the roof 20, a transparent material that transmits sunlight can be used. Specifically, polycarbonate, acrylic, glass fiber reinforced polycarbonate, etc. can be used for the roof 20. By using polycarbonate, acrylic, glass fiber reinforced polycarbonate, etc. for the roof 20, the greenhouse 10A can be framed without using a framework or the like. Also, there is no need for replacement like a plastic film house such as an agricultural polyolefin-based film.

[0015] In the roof 20, an opening 21 (see Fig. 2) for ventilation is provided, and a window 22 for opening and closing the opening 21 is provided. For the window 22, the same material as that of the roof 20 can be used. Specifically, polycarbonate, acrylic, glass fiber reinforced polycarbonate, etc. can be used for the window 22. The opening and closing of the window 22 may be manually performed, or the opening and closing of the window 22 may be performed by an opening and closing mechanism (not shown). In Fig. 2, one end of the window 22 is attached to the edge of the opening 21 by a hinge or the like, and the window 22 rotates with respect to the hinge or the like to be opened and closed. The opening and closing method of the window 22 is not limited to this. For example, the window 22 may be opened and closed by sliding parallel to the roof 20.

[0016] On the upper part of the roof 20, a shielding mechanism 30 is provided. The shielding mechanism 30 includes a support column 31, a support beam 32, a heat shielding plate 40, and a drive mechanism 50.

[0017] The support column 31 is fixed to the upper part of the roof 20 and supports the support beam 32 and the drive mechanism 50. The support beam 32 is supported by the support column 31 at both ends. The support beam supports the heat shielding plate 40. The support column 31 and the support beam 32 can be formed of any material. For example, the support column 31 and the support beam 32 can be formed of a steel pipe, a steel frame, or the like.

[0018] The heat shield 40 is positioned above the roof 20, and the amount of light entering the room through the roof 20 can be adjusted by the heat shield 40. The heat shield 40 comprises a base material 41 and a heat shield layer 42. The heat shield 40 is fixed at both ends in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper in Figure 1 so as to be rotatable around a rotation axis perpendicular to the plane of the paper. The base material 41 can be made of a material that transmits sunlight. Specifically, the base material 41 can be made of polycarbonate, acrylic, glass fiber reinforced polycarbonate, etc.

[0019] The heat-shielding layer 42 is made of a material that reflects or absorbs near-infrared rays. The heat-shielding layer 42 can be formed, for example, by applying a heat-shielding paint to the substrate 41. As the heat-shielding paint, a paint containing a pigment that reflects near-infrared rays can be used. Examples of pigments that reflect near-infrared rays include chromium oxide, iron oxide, and cobalt oxide. Alternatively, a commercially available heat-shielding sheet may be attached to the base material 41 to form a heat-shielding layer 42. Furthermore, a hard coat coating may be applied to the upper part of the heat-shielding layer 42.

[0020] The drive mechanism 50 drives the heat shield 40 so that its angle relative to the roof 20 can be changed. For example, the drive mechanism 50 includes a motor 51 supported on a support column 31, a sprocket 52 to which the rotational force of the motor 51 is transmitted, a sprocket 53 provided at one end of the heat shield 40 in the rotational axis direction, and a roller chain 54 that meshes with the sprockets 52 and 53. The power of the motor 51 is transmitted from the sprocket 52 to the sprocket 53 via the roller chain 54, thereby rotating the heat shield 40. Furthermore, the power transmission mechanism of the drive mechanism 50 is not limited to one using sprockets 52, 53 and a roller chain 54. For example, a timing pulley may be used instead of a sprocket, and a timing belt instead of a roller chain to transmit power from the motor 51. Alternatively, power may be transmitted by a drive shaft. In addition, a separate drive mechanism may be provided to rotate each heat shield 40 independently.

[0021] Next, we will explain the operation of greenhouse 10A. When the temperature inside greenhouse 10A is low and sunlight is needed to raise the temperature inside the greenhouse, the door 14 and window 22 are closed, as shown in Figure 1. In addition, the heat shield 40 is adjusted to be parallel to the direction of sunlight R by driving the drive mechanism 50. At this time, sunlight is not blocked by the heat shield 40, so sunlight passes through the roof 20 and window 22 and shines on the ground inside greenhouse 10A. When sunlight shines on the ground inside greenhouse 10A, the temperature of the ground rises, and the heat from the ground is transferred to the air inside greenhouse 10A, causing the temperature inside the greenhouse to rise.

[0022] If the temperature inside greenhouse 10A is higher than the outside temperature and it is necessary to lower the temperature inside the greenhouse, the temperature inside greenhouse 10A can be lowered by opening the door 14 and the window 22. This allows outside air to be taken in through the door 14 and the air inside greenhouse 10A to be expelled through the window 22. On the other hand, if the outside temperature is high and simply opening the door 14 and window 22 for ventilation is not enough to lower the temperature inside the greenhouse 10A, the heat shield 40 blocks near-infrared rays from sunlight. Specifically, as shown in Figure 2, the heat shield 40 is adjusted to be parallel to the roof 20 by driving the drive mechanism 50. In this way, by blocking near-infrared rays from sunlight with the heat shield 40, it is possible to prevent the temperature of the ground inside the greenhouse 10A from rising due to near-infrared rays, thereby suppressing the rise in the temperature inside the greenhouse.

[0023] As shown in Figure 2, the heat shield 40 may be adjusted to be parallel to the roof 20, and at the same time, the door 14 and window 22 may be opened for ventilation. Alternatively, the door 14 and window 22 may be closed while the heat shield 40 is adjusted to be parallel to the roof 20. Furthermore, one of the door 14 and window 22 may be closed and the other open while the heat shield 40 is adjusted to be parallel to the roof 20. Furthermore, in Figure 1, the heat shield 40 is adjusted to be parallel to the direction of sunlight R, so that the heat shield 40 does not block sunlight, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the heat shield 40 may be moved toward the support column 31 so that it does not block sunlight.

[0024] [Second Embodiment] Figure 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view of greenhouse 10B according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Components similar to those in greenhouse 10A of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and their descriptions are omitted.

[0025] In the greenhouse 10B of this embodiment, a floor 15 is provided. The floor 15 can be made of any material. For example, polypropylene may be used for the floor 15. Alternatively, the floor 15 may be formed from the same material as the outer wall 12. The outer wall 12 and the floor 15 may be molded together as a single unit. The floor 15 is installed on top of the foundation 11 and is integrally installed with the foundation 11B by means of anchor bolts (not shown), for example. As the foundation 11B, for example, a concrete raft foundation can be used, but other foundations such as pile foundations or strip foundations may also be used.

[0026] On the floor 15, ridges 16 may be made and crops may be cultivated, or crops may be cultivated in pots or planters not shown. Hydroponics may also be performed on the floor 15, or aquaculture may be carried out by setting up a tank on the floor 15.

[0027] In this embodiment, the greenhouse 10B has a floor 15, which prevents the greenhouse 10B from tilting due to differential settlement. Furthermore, the greenhouse 10B of this embodiment can be fixed to any land, not just agricultural land.

[0028] [Third Embodiment] Figure 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of greenhouse 10C according to the third embodiment of the present invention. Components similar to those in greenhouse 10A of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and their descriptions are omitted. In this embodiment, the greenhouse 10C is equipped with a noise generator 60 on the outer wall 12 near the door 14. The noise generator 60 generates noise when the door 14 is opened. For example, a sensor may be provided to detect whether the door 14 is open, and when the sensor detects that the door 14 is open, the noise generator 60 may generate noise.

[0029] The noise generated by the noise generator 60 is at a frequency that repels pests. For example, if the target pest is a bear, the noise is generated at approximately 95Hz to 105Hz; for a wild boar, at approximately 20kHz; and for a deer, at 200Hz to 5,000Hz. By generating noise at frequencies that repel pests using the noise generator 60, it is possible to prevent pests from approaching the door 14 and from entering the greenhouse 10C through the opening 13.

[0030] [Fourth Embodiment] Figure 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view of greenhouse 10D according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. Components similar to those in greenhouse 10A of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and their descriptions are omitted. In this embodiment, the greenhouse 10D is equipped with a reflector 71 below the roof 20. Additionally, a solar panel 72 and a fan 73 are provided below the roof 20 near the exterior wall 12. The reflector 71 is mounted on the underside of the roof 20, with its position and angle adjusted so that sunlight shining on the reflector 71 is reflected by the reflector 71 and irradiated onto the solar panel 72.

[0031] The solar panel 72 converts the energy of sunlight reflected by the reflector 71 into electricity and supplies it to the fan 73. The fan 73 is powered by electricity generated by the solar panel 72 and circulates the air inside the greenhouse 10D. In this way, by circulating the air inside the greenhouse with the fan 73, the temperature inside the greenhouse 10D can be made uniform. In addition, by circulating the air inside the greenhouse with the fan 73 while the door 14 and window 22 are open, ventilation can be promoted.

[0032] Although embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it goes without saying that the technical scope of the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited by the description of these embodiments. These embodiments are merely examples, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications to the embodiments are possible within the scope of the invention described in the claims. The technical scope of the present invention should be determined based on the scope of the invention described in the claims and the scope of its equivalents. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0033] 1 Farmland; 10A~10D Greenhouse; 11,11B Foundation; 12 Exterior walls; 13,21 Openings; 14 Doors; 15 Floors; 16 Furrows; 20 Roofs; 22 Windows; 30 Shielding mechanism; 31 Support columns; 32 Support beams; 40 Heat shields; 41 Base material; 42 Heat shielding layer; 50 Drive mechanism; 51 Motor; 52,53 Sprockets; 54 Roller chains; 60 Noise generator; 71 Reflectors; 72 Solar panels; 73 Fans

Claims

1. A transparent roof, A greenhouse comprising a heat shield positioned above the roof, A greenhouse in which the amount of light entering the interior through the roof can be adjusted by the heat shield.

2. The greenhouse according to claim 1, further comprising a drive mechanism for driving the heat shield so that its angle with respect to the roof can be changed.

3. The aforementioned heat shield plate is A transparent substrate and A heat-shielding layer provided on the substrate, A greenhouse according to claim 1, comprising:

4. The greenhouse according to claim 3, wherein the substrate is made of polycarbonate.

5. The greenhouse according to claim 1, further comprising a floor made of polypropylene.

6. The exterior wall supports the aforementioned roof, The aforementioned exterior wall has, An opening to allow outside air into the greenhouse, A door for opening and closing the aforementioned opening is provided, The greenhouse according to claim 1, further comprising a noise generating device that generates noise when the door is opened.

7. The greenhouse according to claim 6, wherein the exterior wall is made of polycarbonate.

8. Below the aforementioned roof are solar panels that generate electricity when exposed to sunlight, A fan powered by electricity generated by the aforementioned solar panels, A greenhouse according to claim 1, comprising:

9. The greenhouse according to claim 8, wherein a reflector is provided below the roof to reflect sunlight onto the solar panels.

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