Ceiling structure

Abstract

In ceiling structures, the goal is to reduce the number of components while ensuring seismic resistance. [Solution] A ceiling structure for a building comprising: a vertical member fixed to the building's frame so as to extend downward; a ceiling base material supported by the vertical member so as to be displaceable in at least one direction in the horizontal plane; and a horizontal force bearing member fixed to the frame such that a gap is formed between the ceiling base material and the edges of both ends in at least one direction. A buffer material may be provided in the gap. Alternatively, a flange extending horizontally may be fixed to the lower end of the vertical member, and a flange holding portion may be provided on the upper side of the ceiling base material to hold the flange so as to be movable in at least one direction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a ceiling structure of a building.

Background Art

[0002] In large buildings such as concert halls and gymnasiums, the ceiling area becomes large, so a large horizontal force acts on the ceiling during an earthquake. Therefore, conventional ceiling structures have been made into a strong structure consisting of a large number of members including brace members and vertical members so as to withstand the horizontal force acting during an earthquake. For example, in the seismic reinforcement structure of a suspended ceiling disclosed in Patent Document 1, the ceiling is reinforced with a reinforcing body composed of a large number of reinforcing beams and brace members.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] Thus, in the conventional ceiling structure, in order to increase the seismic strength, a large number of members are used, resulting in problems such as an increase in weight, an increase in material costs, and a lengthening of the construction period.

[0005] The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object thereof is to enable reduction of the number of members while ensuring the seismic strength in the ceiling structure.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] To achieve the above objective, the present invention comprises a vertical member fixed to the building frame, a ceiling base material supported at the lower end of the vertical member so as to be displaceable in at least one direction in the horizontal plane, and a horizontal force bearing member fixed to the building frame such that a gap is formed between the ceiling base material and the edges at both ends in at least one direction.

[0007] According to the present invention, the ceiling substrate material can be displaced horizontally relative to the building structure. Therefore, when a horizontal force acts on the building structure and causes deformation, the ceiling substrate material does not follow the building structure but displaces horizontally relative to the building structure. When this relative displacement amount becomes larger than the gap between the ceiling substrate material and the horizontal force bearing material, the horizontal force acting on the ceiling substrate material is transmitted to the horizontal force bearing material and borne by the horizontal force bearing material. As a result, the horizontal force that the ceiling structure must bear can be kept small, so that the number of members such as bracing materials that make up the ceiling structure can be reduced while ensuring the seismic strength of the ceiling structure.

[0008] In the present invention, a buffer material may be provided in at least a portion of the gap. In this way, from the moment the ceiling substrate material begins to displace relative to the building structure, the horizontal force acting on the ceiling substrate material can be borne by the horizontal force bearing material via the buffer material, and direct collision between the ceiling substrate material and the horizontal force bearing material can be prevented.

[0009] Furthermore, in the present invention, a flange extending horizontally may be fixed to the lower end of the vertical member, and a flange holding portion may be provided on the upper side of the ceiling base material to hold the flange so as to be movable in at least one direction.

[0010] Furthermore, the vertical members may be fixed to the beams of the building structure. In the ceiling structure of the present invention, it is not necessary to provide bracing members to bear horizontal forces, and the number of vertical members can be reduced. This increases the degree of freedom in the installation position of the vertical members, making it possible to fix the vertical members using the beams of the building structure.

[0011] Furthermore, in the present invention, a second vertical member fixed to the lower side of the ceiling base material, and a second ceiling base material supported at the lower end of the second vertical member so as to be displaceable in at least one direction in the horizontal plane, wherein the horizontal force bearing member is provided such that a gap is formed between it and the edges at both ends of the second ceiling base material in at least one direction. In this way, the present invention can also be applied to a two-layer ceiling structure.

[0012] Furthermore, in the present invention, the ceiling base material is constructed by joining together a plurality of base materials, and the plurality of base materials may include base materials oriented inclined from the horizontal plane. In this way, the present invention can be applied to ceilings where the ceiling surface is sloped and the height changes depending on the location. [Effects of the Invention]

[0013] According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the number of members in a ceiling structure while ensuring seismic resistance. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0014] [Figure 1] This is a side cross-sectional view of a building frame to which a ceiling structure, which is the first embodiment of the present invention, is applied. [Figure 2] This is a plan view showing the arrangement of the ceiling base material and horizontal force bearing material in the ceiling structure of this embodiment. [Figure 3] This figure shows the behavior of the ceiling structure when a horizontal force is applied to the building frame to which the ceiling structure of this embodiment is applied due to an earthquake or the like. [Figure 4] This diagram schematically shows a conventional ceiling structure equipped with bracing. [Figure 5] This is a diagram (part 1) illustrating the construction procedure for the ceiling structure of this embodiment. [Figure 6] This is a diagram (part 2) illustrating the construction procedure for the ceiling structure of this embodiment. [Figure 7] This is a diagram (part 3) illustrating the construction procedure for the ceiling structure of this embodiment. [Figure 8]A side sectional view of a building body to which the ceiling structure according to the second embodiment of the present invention is applied. [Figure 9] A side sectional view of a building body to which the ceiling structure according to the third embodiment of the present invention is applied.

Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0015] FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a building body 1 to which a ceiling structure 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is applied. The building body 1 is a body made of steel frame, reinforced concrete, or steel reinforced concrete that constitutes facilities such as public halls and gymnasiums, and has columns 2 and beams 4 that are main beams or secondary beams. In the figure, a plurality of beams 4 extend in the left - right direction and the depth direction in the figure, and constitute the ceiling part of the building body 1.

[0016] The ceiling structure 10 includes vertical members 12, a ceiling base material 14, and horizontal force - bearing members 16, 17. The vertical members 12 are steel - made members such as steel frames, and the ceiling base material 14 is a member formed by assembling steel frames in a lattice shape. A ceiling material 18 is attached to the lower side of the ceiling base material 14.

[0017] A plurality of vertical members 12 are provided, and the upper ends of each vertical member 12 are fixed to the beam 4. A flange 20 is fixed to the lower end of the vertical member 12. Further, a flange holding member 22 is fixed to the upper side of the ceiling base material 14 so that a gap space is formed between the flange holding member 22 and the ceiling base material 14.

[0018] A through - hole 22a is provided in the central part of the flange holding member 22. The inner dimension of the flange holding member 22 is configured to be larger than the outer dimension of the flange 20. Then, the vertical member 12 vertically penetrates the through - hole 22a, and the flange 20 is accommodated in the gap space between the flange holding member 22 and the upper surface of the ceiling base material 14. Thereby, the ceiling base material 14 is supported by the beam 4 of the building body 1 via the flange holding member 22, the flange 20, and the vertical member 12.

[0019] For example, lubricating oil is injected between the flange 20 and the flange retaining member 22. The weight of the ceiling base material 14 acts as a vertical force between the flange 20 and the flange retaining member 22, but the frictional force between the flange 20 and the flange retaining member 22 is reduced by the lubricating oil injected therebetween. Thereby, the flange 20 and the flange retaining member 22 can move relatively in any direction within the horizontal plane. That is, the ceiling base material 14 is supported at the lower end of the vertical member 12 so as to be displaceable in any direction within the horizontal plane with respect to the building structure 1.

[0020] An appropriate sealing material is provided between the flange 20 and the flange retaining member 22 so that the injected lubricating oil does not leak. Instead of injecting lubricating oil, for example, a guiding mechanism such as a linear bearing may be installed, or the flange 20 may be made of a low-friction material such as Teflon (registered trademark).

[0021] Also, the planar shapes of the flange 20 and the flange retaining member 22 may be circular or rectangular. In short, any shape and dimension are acceptable as long as the flange 20 can move relatively in any direction within the plane inside the flange retaining member 22.

[0022] The horizontal force bearing members 16 and 17 are members for bearing the horizontal force received by the ceiling base material 14 when a horizontal force acts on the ceiling base material 14 and it is displaced with respect to the building structure 1. FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the arrangement of the ceiling base material 14 and the horizontal force bearing members 16 and 17. As shown in the figure, in the present embodiment, the horizontal force bearing member 17 is provided corresponding to one side (the left side in FIG. 2) of the four sides of the ceiling base material 14, and the horizontal force bearing members 16 are provided corresponding to the other three sides. However, it is arbitrary which of the horizontal force bearing members 16 and 17 is provided corresponding to each side of the ceiling base material 14, and it may be appropriately determined according to the configuration of the building structure 1, the arrangement of the ceiling, etc.

[0023] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the horizontal force bearing member 16 is composed of a plurality of columnar bearing members 16a extending downward from the beams 4 of the building frame 1, and beam-shaped bearing members 16b fixed between adjacent columnar bearing members 16a. The horizontal force bearing member 17 is composed of beam members that are pre-fixed between the columns 2 of the building frame 1. The horizontal force bearing members 16 and 17 are positioned such that a gap G is formed between them and the edge of the ceiling base material 14. A buffer material 24, such as high-damping rubber, is provided in the gap G.

[0024] Figure 3 shows the behavior of the ceiling structure 10 when a horizontal force acts on the building frame 1 to which the ceiling structure 10 of this embodiment is applied due to an earthquake or the like. In this figure, a horizontal force directed to the left in the figure is shown acting on the upper part of the building frame 1.

[0025] As shown in Figure 3, when a horizontal force in the direction of arrow A acts on the building frame 1, the building frame 1 deforms in the same direction, and the horizontal force bearing members 16 and 17 are also displaced to the left. On the other hand, as described above, the ceiling base material 14 is freely displaceable in the horizontal plane relative to the building frame 1, so the ceiling base material 14 does not displace in accordance with the building frame 1.

[0026] Consequently, the ceiling substrate material 14 is displaced relative to the building frame 1 in the direction of arrow C in the figure, and the gap G between the ceiling substrate material 14 and the horizontal force bearing material 16 on the right side becomes smaller. As a result, the buffer material 24 on the right side of the figure undergoes compressive deformation, cushioning the collision between the horizontal force bearing material 16 and the ceiling substrate material 14, while transmitting the horizontal force between them. Similarly, even when the horizontal force acting on the building frame 1 is in the opposite direction to arrow A, the horizontal force is transmitted between the horizontal force bearing material 16 on the left side and the ceiling substrate material 14. In this way, the horizontal force acting on the ceiling substrate material 14 is transmitted to the horizontal force bearing materials 16 and 17, and borne by the horizontal force bearing materials 16 and 17.

[0027] As described above, in the ceiling structure 10 of this embodiment, the ceiling base material 14 is supported at the lower end of the vertical member 12 so as to be displaceable in the horizontal direction. This allows the horizontal force acting on the ceiling base material 14 during an earthquake or the like to be borne by the horizontal force bearing members 16 and 17 fixed to the building frame 1. Therefore, as will be described in detail later, the bracing members that were conventionally provided in the ceiling structure to resist horizontal forces can be eliminated.

[0028] Furthermore, because friction between the flange 20 and the flange retaining member 22 is reduced, the horizontal force B acting on the lower end of the vertical member 12 when the ceiling base material 14 is displaced horizontally is kept small. As a result, the bending load acting on the vertical member 12 is also kept small, eliminating the need to increase the cross-sectional area of ​​the vertical member 12 to account for the bending load.

[0029] Figure 4 schematically shows a conventional ceiling structure 50 equipped with bracing members 52. As shown in the figure, the conventional ceiling structure 50 is provided with multiple bracing members 52 that connect the ceiling base material 56 and the ceiling slab 58, and vertical members 54 are provided at both ends of each bracing member 52.

[0030] When a horizontal force H acts on the ceiling structure 50, a compressive force P acts on the vertical members 54 corresponding to the tensile force T acting on the brace members 52. If this compressive force P exceeds the buckling capacity of the vertical members 54, buckling will occur in the vertical members 54. Therefore, in conventional ceiling structures 50, in order to suppress the compressive force P acting on the vertical members 54, a large number of brace members 52 were provided to distribute and reduce the tensile force T acting on each brace member 52. In this case, it was necessary to provide a large number of vertical members 54 corresponding to the brace members 52.

[0031] Thus, conventional ceiling structures 50 require numerous bracing members 52 and vertical members 54, resulting in increased material costs and longer construction periods. Furthermore, the increased weight of the ceiling structure 50 and the dense concentration of components in the ceiling space hinder the efficiency of maintenance and other work in that space. In addition, it is conceivable to increase the cross-sectional area of ​​the vertical members 54 to prevent buckling of the vertical members 54, but this would increase the cost of the materials and also lead to an increase in the weight of the ceiling structure 50.

[0032] In contrast, as described above, in the ceiling structure 10 of this embodiment, the horizontal force acting on the ceiling base material 14 can be borne by the horizontal force bearing members 16 and 17 fixed to the building frame 1, thus eliminating the need for the numerous bracing members that were provided in the conventional ceiling structure 50. As a result, the number of members constituting the ceiling structure 10 can be significantly reduced while ensuring the seismic strength of the ceiling structure 10. This makes it possible to lighten the ceiling structure 10, shorten the construction period for the ceiling structure 10, and furthermore, since there are fewer members in the space above the ceiling, workability in the space above the ceiling is also improved.

[0033] Furthermore, in the conventional ceiling structure 50 shown in Figure 4, in order to provide a large number of bracing members 52 and vertical members 54, it is necessary to reduce the spacing between the vertical members 54. In this case, it is not sufficient to simply attach the vertical members 54 to the beams of the building frame, but it is also necessary to attach them to the ceiling slab 58. This necessitates drilling holes in the ceiling slab 58, which presents challenges such as increased construction time. Furthermore, if a ceiling slab 58 cannot be provided and the upper floor has a sheet metal roof, it is necessary to add beams to attach the vertical members 54, which again presents the challenge of increased construction effort.

[0034] In contrast, according to the ceiling structure 10 of this embodiment, the weight of the ceiling base material 14 and the ceiling material 18 acts as a tensile force on the vertical members 12, but no compressive force acts on them. Therefore, there is no risk of buckling in the vertical members 12, and the number of vertical members 12 can be reduced. This further reduces the number of members, and the vertical members 12 only need to be attached to the beams 4 of the building frame 1, thus eliminating the conventional problems associated with attaching vertical members 54.

[0035] Next, the construction procedure for the ceiling structure 10 of this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 5 to 7. First, as shown in Figure 5, the columnar load members 16a of the horizontal force bearing members 16 are fixed to the underside of the beam 4 of the building frame 1, and the beam-shaped load members 16b are fixed between adjacent columnar load members 16a. The horizontal force bearing members 17 are fixed in advance between adjacent columns 2 of the building frame 1.

[0036] Next, as shown in Figure 6, the vertical member 12 is inserted through the through hole 22a of the flange retaining member 22, and its upper end is fixed to the lower surface of the beam 4, with the flange retaining member 22 placed over the flange 20 from above. At this time, lubricating oil is injected between the flange retaining member 22 and the flange 20 to seal it. As mentioned above, instead of injecting lubricating oil, the flange 20 may be made of a lubricating material, or a guide mechanism may be provided between the flange retaining member 22 and the flange 20.

[0037] Next, as shown in Figure 7, the flange retaining member 22 is fixed to the upper surface of the ceiling base material 14, and then the ceiling material 18 is attached to the lower surface of the ceiling base material 14. Then, by installing a buffer material 24 in the gap G between the ceiling base material 14 and the horizontal force bearing materials 16 and 17, the ceiling structure 10 shown in Figure 1 is completed.

[0038] Other embodiments of the present invention will be described below. In the other embodiments described below, components common to the first embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and their descriptions will be omitted or simplified.

[0039] Figure 8 is a side cross-sectional view showing a ceiling structure 110, which is a second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the ceiling structure 110 of this embodiment has a two-layer structure in which a ceiling base material 114 is provided below the ceiling base material 14, and a ceiling material 18 is attached to the lower side of the ceiling base material 114.

[0040] Multiple vertical members 112 are fixed to the lower side of the ceiling base material 14 so as to extend downward. A flange 20 is fixed to the lower end of the vertical members 112, and, as in the first embodiment described above, the flange 20 is held in place by a flange retaining member 22 fixed to the upper side of the ceiling base material 114.

[0041] As a result, the ceiling base material 114 is supported at the lower end of the vertical member 112 so as to be displaceable in the horizontal direction, and, similar to the ceiling structure 10 of the first embodiment described above, the horizontal force acting on the ceiling base materials 14 and 114 can be borne by the horizontal force bearing members 16 and 17. Therefore, it becomes unnecessary to provide bracing members in the ceiling structure 110, and the number of components constituting the ceiling structure 110 can be significantly reduced. As a result, the ceiling structure 110 can be made lighter, and the construction period for the ceiling structure 10 can be shortened.

[0042] Figure 9 is a side cross-sectional view showing a ceiling structure 210, which is a third embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 9, the ceiling structure 210 of this embodiment has a configuration in which the height changes, including an inclined ceiling surface.

[0043] In this embodiment, the ceiling base material 14 is composed of multiple base materials 14a to 14c, and in the example shown in the figure, base materials 14b and 14c are inclined at different angles from the horizontal plane. The base materials 14a to 14c are rigidly joined by a joining member 30. A flange retaining member 22 is provided on the upper surface of each of the base materials 14a to 14c, and the flange 20 at the lower end of the vertical member 12 is held by this flange retaining member 22 so as to be movable in the horizontal direction, so that each base material 14a to 14c can be displaced horizontally relative to the building frame 1. Ceiling materials 18a to 18c are attached to the lower surfaces of the base materials 14a to 14c, respectively.

[0044] In this embodiment, the flange retainer 22 is fixed to the inclined base materials 14b to 14c via a support member 23 of a length corresponding to the inclination, so that the flange retainer 22 is horizontal. As a result, even if the base materials 14a to 14c are displaced horizontally, the gap between the flange 20 and the flange retainer 22 is kept constant.

[0045] Thus, in this embodiment, even when the height of the ceiling surface changes, the horizontal force acting on the ceiling base material 14 can be borne by the horizontal force bearing members 16 and 17. Therefore, it becomes unnecessary to provide bracing members in the ceiling structure 210, and the number of components constituting the ceiling structure 210 can be significantly reduced. This makes the ceiling structure 110 lighter and shortens the construction period for the ceiling structure 210.

[0046] In the above embodiments, a buffer material 24 is provided in the gap G between the horizontal force bearing members 16, 17 and the outer edges of the ceiling base materials 14, 114 to cushion the collision between them. However, the invention is not limited to this, and an embodiment in which the buffer material 24 is omitted and the gap G is left as is is also conceivable. In this embodiment, the ceiling base materials 14, 114 will be horizontally displaced and will come into direct contact with the horizontal force bearing members 16, 17, and after that contact, the horizontal force will be transmitted between the ceiling base materials 14, 114 and the horizontal force bearing members 16, 17.

[0047] Furthermore, in each of the above embodiments, horizontal force bearing members 16 and 17 are provided along all four sides of the ceiling base materials 14 and 114. However, for example, in Figure 2, the beam-shaped bearing members 16b on both sides of the columnar bearing members 16a provided above and below the left and right center may be omitted, and the horizontal force in the vertical direction in the figure may be borne solely by these columnar bearing members 16a. Similarly, columnar bearing members 16a may be provided at the top and bottom center of the left and right sides of the ceiling base material 14 in Figure 2, and the horizontal force in the left and right direction in the figure may be borne solely by these columnar bearing members 16a. Also, all of the horizontal force bearing members provided around the ceiling base materials 14 and 114 may be horizontal force bearing members 16, or all may be horizontal force bearing members 17.

[0048] Furthermore, instead of providing horizontal force bearing members 16 and 17 on all four sides of the ceiling base material 14, for example, if the ceiling is elongated and the horizontal force in the longitudinal direction is dominant, the ceiling base material 14 may be supported so as to be displaceable only in the longitudinal direction, and horizontal force bearing members 16 and 17 that bear only the horizontal force in the longitudinal direction may be provided. For example, in Figure 2, if the ceiling base material 14 is elongated in the left-right direction in the figure, horizontal force bearing members 16 and 17 may be provided only on the left and right sides of the ceiling base material 14 in the figure. In other words, in this invention, the ceiling base material 14 is supported at the lower end of the vertical member 12 so as to be displaceable in at least one direction, and horizontal force bearing members 16 and 17 are provided on both ends of the ceiling base material 14 in that at least one direction. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0049] 1. Building structure 2 pillars 4 beams 10, 110, 210 Ceiling structure 12, 112 Vertical members 14, 114 Ceiling underlayment 14a~14c Substrate 16, 17 Horizontal force bearing material 16a Columnar support member 16b Beam-shaped load-bearing member 18, 18a~18c Ceiling materials 20 flanges 22 Flange retainer 22a Through hole 24 Cushioning material

Claims

1. The ceiling structure of a building, A vertical member fixed to the structure of the aforementioned building, The lower end of the aforementioned vertical member is supported by a ceiling base material that is displaceable in at least one direction within the horizontal plane, A horizontal force bearing member fixed to the building structure is provided such that a gap is formed between the ceiling base material and the edges of both ends in at least one direction, A ceiling structure equipped with this feature.

2. The ceiling structure according to claim 1, A ceiling structure in which cushioning material is provided in the aforementioned gap.

3. A ceiling structure according to claim 1 or 2, A flange extending horizontally is fixed to the lower end of the aforementioned vertical member. A ceiling structure in which a flange holding portion is provided on the upper side of the ceiling base material, which holds the flange so as to be movable in at least one direction.

4. A ceiling structure according to claim 1 or 2, The aforementioned vertical member is a ceiling structure fixed to the beam of the building frame.

5. A ceiling structure according to claim 1 or 2, A second vertical member fixed to the lower side of the aforementioned ceiling base material, The lower end of the second vertical member is supported by a second ceiling base material that is displaceable in at least one direction in the horizontal plane, The ceiling structure is provided such that the horizontal force bearing member is positioned so as to form a gap between it and the edges of both ends of the second ceiling base material in at least one direction.

6. A ceiling structure according to claim 1 or 2, The aforementioned ceiling base material is constructed by joining together multiple base materials. The aforementioned multiple base materials are part of a ceiling structure that includes base materials oriented in an inclined direction from the horizontal plane.

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