Method for manufacturing contact lenses for correcting optical aberrations

Abstract

Provided herein is a soft contact lens for correcting refractive error of the eye, the soft contact lens comprising an arcuate portion and special features.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] Related Applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 436,050, filed December 29, 2022, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. [Background technology]

[0003] Individuals with refractive errors often experience reduced vision, such as blurred or distorted vision, due to an inability to focus light on the retina. This reduced vision can be corrected with eyeglasses, contact lenses, and / or surgery. These refractive errors may include astigmatism, myopia, and / or presbyopia. Individuals with more than one refractive error may require more specialized contact lenses with additional and corrective features to correct the refractive error. Because of the additional fitting criteria, a wide variety of specialized contact lenses that meet these criteria must be manufactured and stocked. Furthermore, fitting these specialized contact lenses can be more time-consuming than fitting traditional contact lenses. Furthermore, due to the complexity of refractive errors, current contact lenses may not be suitable for correcting one or more refractive errors with a high degree of satisfaction. Therefore, there is a need for contact lenses that can correct one or more refractive errors, as well as solutions to reduce the number of different contact lenses that need to be manufactured and stocked. Summary of the Invention

[0004] When a person has refractive errors, the eye's refractive error often results in poor vision, such as blurred or distorted vision, due to the eye's inability to focus light on the retina. Common refractive errors include, but are not limited to, myopia (near-sightedness), hyperopia (far-sightedness), presbyopia, and astigmatism. Astigmatism is often caused by an irregular shape of the cornea, where changes in the asphericity or curvature of the cornea cause light rays to focus at different points on the retina. In some cases, astigmatism may be related to other eye conditions, such as keratoconus, corneal lesions, scars, previous corneal surgery, or other refractive errors. In some cases, refractive errors are composed of higher-order aberrations (e.g., third order or higher) that are difficult to correct with cylindrical or spherical correction. These higher-order aberrations include, but are not limited to, corneal coma, trefoil aberration, and spherical aberration.

[0005] If a patient has one or more refractive errors, specialized contact lenses may be required to correct the refractive error or errors. If a patient has astigmatism, specialized contact lenses, such as, but not limited to, toric soft lenses and rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses, may be required to correct the refractive error in at least two meridians. If a patient has presbyopia, specialized contact lenses, such as, but not limited to, multifocal contact lenses, may be required to correct the refractive error. Because there are various fitting criteria for correcting these refractive errors, it may be necessary to manufacture and stock a wide variety of specialized contact lenses that meet these additional criteria. Furthermore, fitting these specialized contact lenses may be more time-consuming than fitting traditional contact lenses. Furthermore, due to the complexity of refractive errors, current contact lenses may not be suitable to correct one or more refractive errors with a high degree of satisfaction. In some cases, subjects wearing contact lenses may experience dizziness or blurred vision due to the required correction. Toric contact lenses often require stabilization to position the corrective cylinder on the proper axis of the eye, which can be time-consuming and can cause temporary discomfort and / or blurred vision for the user. In some cases, it can be difficult to consistently achieve the low error tolerances required in manufacturing contact lenses for correcting high refractive powers. Therefore, there is a need to provide contact lenses that can correct one or more refractive errors, as well as solutions to reduce the number of different contact lenses that need to be manufactured and stored.

[0006] Provided herein are specialized soft contact lenses for correcting refractive errors of the eye, comprising at least an arcuate portion and a special feature. Typically, when the lens is worn on the eye, the arcuate portion may form a tear film lens within a lenticular volume formed between the arcuate portion and the cornea. In some cases, the tear film lens formed by the arcuate portion provides at least a partial correction of the eye's refractive error. In some cases, the tear film lens formed by the arcuate portion provides at least a partial correction of astigmatism. In many cases, the special feature is comprised of a toric feature, a multifocal feature, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the toric feature includes a prism ballast, a periballast, a back toric element, or a thin zone design, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the multifocal feature includes a bifocal feature, a trifocal feature, or a progressive feature, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the multifocal feature includes an aspheric multifocal feature, a concentric multifocal feature, or a segmented multifocal feature, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the special features include refractive power correcting features.

[0007] Providing contact lenses with multiple functions for correcting the eye's refractive error can have several advantages over traditional contact lenses. In some cases, the total corrective power provided by a contact lens can be shared among various features (e.g., arcuate portion, multifocal feature, and / or toric feature). In some cases, when vision correction is difficult to achieve with toric or multifocal lenses alone, particularly for subjects requiring high-power correction, having an arcuate portion can be beneficial to share the level of correction. In some cases, contact lenses having both an arcuate portion and special features can provide improved vision correction over contact lenses having only special features without an arcuate portion. In some cases, the improved vision correction can include improved cylindrical vision correction, spherical vision correction, near vision correction, distance vision correction, or performance (e.g., comfort). Subjects who normally experience dizziness, sensitivity, and / or discomfort with contact lenses may experience reduced dizziness, sensitivity, and / or discomfort by using contact lenses with multiple features. In some cases, subjects requiring higher correction powers may be more likely to experience dizziness, sensitivity, and / or discomfort when wearing contact lenses. In some cases, subjects may experience reduced dizziness, sensitivity, and / or discomfort when wearing contact lenses provided herein compared to contact lenses having a single feature (e.g., high-power toric lenses).

[0008] In some cases, manufacturing contact lenses with multiple features as described herein may allow for greater tolerance to manufacturing errors. In some cases, manufacturing contact lenses with multiple features may allow for greater tolerance to manufacturing errors by providing lower power than contact lenses with only a single feature. For example, a contact lens with an arcuate portion may have a special feature created to provide a lower refractive power than a contact lens without an arcuate portion.

[0009] Provided herein is a soft contact lens for correcting refractive error of the eye, the soft contact lens comprising an arcuate portion and special features.

[0010] In some embodiments, a portion of the special feature and a portion of the arcuate portion overlap in the optic portion of the soft contact lens.

[0011] In some embodiments, the special feature and the arcuate portion do not overlap.

[0012] In some embodiments, the soft contact lens comprises a continuous (eg, one piece).

[0013] In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses are made from a single material.

[0014] In some embodiments, the single material comprises a hydrogel.

[0015] In some embodiments, the single material comprises silicone.

[0016] In some embodiments, the single material comprises a silicone hydrogel.

[0017] In some embodiments, the special features include multifocal features.

[0018] In some embodiments, the multifocal feature comprises a bifocal feature, a trifocal feature, or a progressive feature.

[0019] In some embodiments, the multifocal features include aspheric multifocal features.

[0020] In some embodiments, the multifocal feature comprises a concentric multifocal feature.

[0021] In some embodiments, the multifocal feature comprises a segmented multifocal feature.

[0022] In some embodiments, the multifocal features are configured to correct presbyopia.

[0023] In some embodiments, the multifocal features provide a range of correction from about -6 diopters (D) to about +6D.

[0024] In some embodiments, the multifocal feature is at least about -6 diopters (D), -5.75D, -5.5D, -5.25D, -5D, -4.75D, -4.5D, -4.25D, -4D, -3.75D, -3.5D, -3.25D, -3D, -2.75D, -2.5D, -2.25D, -2D, -1.75D, -1.5D, -1.25D, -1D, -0.75 Provides correction of D, -0.5D, -0.25D, +0.25D, +0.5D, +0.75D, +1D, +1.25D, +1.5D, +1.75D, +2D, +2.25D, +2.5D, +2.75D, +3D, +3.25D, +3.5D, +4D, +4.25D, +4.5D, +4.75D, +5D, +5.25D, +5.5D, +5.75D, or +6D.

[0025] In some embodiments, the multifocal features provide at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total optical power correction.

[0026] In some embodiments, the multifocal feature is in the anterior portion of the soft contact lens.

[0027] In some embodiments, the special features include toric features.

[0028] In some embodiments, the toric feature comprises a prismatic ballast, a periballast, a back toric element, or a thin zone design, or a combination thereof.

[0029] In some embodiments, the toric features are located in the peripheral portion of the soft contact lens.

[0030] In some embodiments, the toric features provide a cylinder correction.

[0031] In some embodiments, the cylinder correction is provided by the toric features and a tear film lens formed between the arcuate portion and the cornea.

[0032] In some embodiments, the toric features provide a range of correction from at least about -4D to about +4D.

[0033] In some embodiments, the toric features provide at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total refractive power correction.

[0034] In some embodiments, the toric features provide at least a portion of the cylindrical power correction.

[0035] In some embodiments, the toric features provide at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total cylindrical power correction.

[0036] In some embodiments, the arched portion is configured to arch over a portion of the cornea.

[0037] In some embodiments, a portion of the arcuate portion is within the optic portion of the soft contact lens.

[0038] In some embodiments, the arched portion is configured to be suspended above the cornea when placed on the eye.

[0039] In some embodiments, the arched portion is configured to create a free volume between the cornea and the posterior surface of the soft contact lens when placed on the eye.

[0040] In some embodiments, the arched portion is configured to create a free volume between the arched portion and the cornea when worn on the eye.

[0041] In some embodiments, when worn on the eye, the free volume is configured to fill with fluid to form a tear lens on the cornea.

[0042] In some embodiments, the tear lens provides correction for refractive error of the eye (eg, astigmatism).

[0043] In some embodiments, the arched portion is configured to correct the refractive error of the eye regardless of the direction of rotation.

[0044] In some embodiments, the arched portion provides at least a portion of the cylindrical power correction.

[0045] In some embodiments, the arched portion provides a range of correction from about -4D to about +4D.

[0046] In some embodiments, the arcuate portion provides at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total refractive power correction.

[0047] In some embodiments, the arched portion provides at least a portion of the cylindrical power correction.

[0048] In some embodiments, the arched portion provides at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total cylindrical correction.

[0049] In some embodiments, the arched portion provides a first portion of the total power correction and the special feature provides a second portion of the total power correction.

[0050] In some embodiments, the arched portion provides a first portion of the cylindrical power correction and the special feature provides a second portion of the cylindrical power correction.

[0051] In some embodiments, the arcuate portion, in combination with the tear lens formed when the soft contact lens is worn on the eye, corrects the refractive error of the eye.

[0052] In some embodiments, the tear lens provides a third portion of the total refractive correction.

[0053] In some embodiments, the tear lens provides at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total cylindrical power correction.

[0054] In some embodiments, the soft contact lens comprises a window.

[0055] In some embodiments, the window fluidly connects the tear film to the lenticular volume when placed on the eye.

[0056] In some embodiments, the soft contact lens comprises grooves.

[0057] In some embodiments, the groove fluidly connects the window to the lenticular volume when placed on the eye.

[0058] In some embodiments, the peripheral portion of the soft contact lens is configured to conform to the surface of the eye when placed on the eye.

[0059] In some embodiments, the arched portion and the peripheral portion have the same modulus of elasticity.

[0060] One aspect of the present disclosure is a method of correcting refractive error of the eye using the soft contact lenses disclosed herein.

[0061] One aspect of the present disclosure is a method of preparing a soft contact lens for correcting refractive error of the eye, the method comprising forming a window from the anterior surface to the posterior surface of the soft contact lens.

[0062] In some embodiments, the wall forming the window has a conical shape.

[0063] In some embodiments, the walls forming the window have a rounded shape.

[0064] In some embodiments, the windows are formed such that the window opening to the front surface has a wider diameter than the window opening to the rear surface.

[0065] In some embodiments, a wider diameter window opening to the front surface improves fluid flow over a narrow diameter window opening to the front surface.

[0066] In some embodiments, the method further comprises forming a groove.

[0067] In some embodiments, the groove is on the rear surface of the masking lens.

[0068] In some embodiments, the grooves are formed such that the grooves have rounded surfaces.

[0069] In some embodiments, the groove has a base at the posterior surface that is wider than its cross section near the anterior surface of the lens.

[0070] In some embodiments, the grooves are formed by a mold.

[0071] In some embodiments, the window is formed by a mold.

[0072] In some embodiments, the surface is coated.

[0073] In some embodiments, the coating improves the lubricity of the lens.

[0074] In some embodiments, improved lubricity improves comfort for the wearer.

[0075] In some embodiments, the coating has a thickness sufficient to smooth the edges of the window or groove.

[0076] In some embodiments, the thickness is from about 1 μm to about 5 μm.

[0077] One aspect of the present disclosure is a method of preparing a soft contact lens for correcting refractive error of an eye, the method comprising forming a soft contact lens comprising an inner portion and a peripheral portion, the inner portion having material properties different from the material properties of the peripheral portion.

[0078] In some embodiments, the material properties of the inner portion are higher than the material properties of the peripheral portion.

[0079] In some embodiments, the material properties of the inner portion are imparted by additional curing, polymerization, crosslinking, or a combination thereof to the inner portion relative to the surrounding portions.

[0080] In some embodiments, the inner portion has a higher crosslink density than the peripheral portion.

[0081] In some embodiments, the material properties of the inner portion and the peripheral portion include stiffness, elasticity, tensile modulus, or compressive modulus.

[0082] In some embodiments, the inner portion is formed by curing, polymerizing, crosslinking, or a combination thereof.

[0083] In some embodiments, the curing comprises applying heat, ultraviolet light, electromagnetic energy, or moisture, or a combination thereof.

[0084] In some embodiments, the inner portion has a cross-linking initiator during formation.

[0085] In some embodiments, the crosslinking initiator is activatable by heat, ultraviolet light, electromagnetic energy, or moisture, or a combination thereof.

[0086] In some embodiments, the method includes covering a portion of the lens such that the portion is subjected to less heat, ultraviolet light, electromagnetic energy, or moisture, or a combination thereof, than the uncovered portion.

[0087] In some embodiments, the method includes covering a portion of the lens, thereby allowing the uncovered portion to be selectively cured, polymerized, or crosslinked.

[0088] In some embodiments, the masking lens comprises a hydrogel.

[0089] In some embodiments, the masking lens comprises a silicone hydrogel.

[0090] In some embodiments, the surface is coated.

[0091] In some embodiments, the coating improves the lubricity of the lens.

[0092] In some embodiments, improved lubricity improves comfort for the wearer.

[0093] In some embodiments, the coating has a thickness sufficient to smooth the edges of the window or groove.

[0094] In some embodiments, the thickness is from about 1 μm to about 5 μm.

[0095] INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication, patent, or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

[0096] The novel features of the present disclosure are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the present disclosure will be obtained by reference to the detailed description and accompanying drawings that set forth illustrative embodiments, in which the principles of the disclosure are utilized. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0097] [Figure 1] 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a soft contact lens with windows and grooves. [Figure 2] 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a soft contact lens with a window. [Figure 3] 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a soft contact lens with grooves. [Figure 4] 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a soft contact lens with a window. [Figure 5] 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a mold design for producing a soft contact lens with a fenestration. [Figure 6] 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a soft contact lens with a window. [Figure 7] 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a mold design for producing a soft contact lens with a fenestration. [Figure 8A-8B] 1 shows a top view and a cross-sectional view of a toric lens with a radial window. [Figure 9A-9B] 1A and 1B show top and cross-sectional views of a toric lens with a circumferential groove. [Figures 10A-10B] 1 shows a top view and a cross-sectional view of a multifocal lens with a radial window. [Figures 11A-11B] 1 shows a top view and a cross-sectional view of a multifocal lens with a circumferential groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0098] If a patient has one or more refractive errors, specialized contact lenses may be required to correct the one or more refractive errors. Because there are various fitting criteria for correcting these refractive errors, a wide variety of specialized contact lenses that meet these additional criteria may need to be manufactured and stored. In some cases, toric contact lenses for correcting astigmatism require multiple different designs with different base curves and various characteristics for each power step and each angle step between two meridians (e.g., steep and flat meridians) to cover the various astigmatisms a patient may have. In many cases, fitting these specialized contact lenses can be more time-consuming than fitting traditional contact lenses, at least in part due to the large number of lens options available. Furthermore, due to the complexity of refractive errors, current contact lenses may not be suitable for correcting one or more refractive errors with a high degree of satisfaction. In some cases, patients wearing contact lenses may experience dizziness or blurred vision due to the required correction. There is a need to provide contact lenses that can correct one or more refractive errors, as well as solutions to reduce the number of different contact lenses that need to be manufactured and stored.

[0099] Provided herein are specialized soft contact lenses for correcting refractive errors of the eye, comprising at least an arcuate portion and a special feature. Typically, when the lens is worn on the eye, the arcuate portion may form a tear film lens within a lenticular volume formed between the arcuate portion and the cornea. In some cases, the tear film lens formed by the arcuate portion provides at least a partial correction of the eye's refractive error. In some cases, the tear film lens formed by the arcuate portion provides at least a partial correction of astigmatism. In many cases, the special feature is comprised of a toric feature, a multifocal feature, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the toric feature includes a prism ballast, a periballast, a back toric element, or a thin zone design, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the multifocal feature includes a bifocal feature, a trifocal feature, or a progressive feature, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the multifocal feature includes an aspheric multifocal feature, a concentric multifocal feature, or a segmented multifocal feature, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the special features include refractive power correcting features.

[0100] This disclosure describes various aspects of soft contact lenses for masking corneal astigmatism, corneal irregularity, coma, and any optical aberrations resulting from the geometric surface of the cornea. For purposes of this disclosure, such lenses may be defined as masking lenses. More specifically, this disclosure provides methods of manufacturing, optical designs, materials, coatings, and designs for masking lenses.

[0101] Contact lenses Provided herein are soft contact lenses for correcting refractive error of the eye, the soft contact lenses comprising an arcuate portion and special features. In some embodiments, the posterior surface of the soft contact lens comprises the arcuate portion.

[0102] In some embodiments, the arcuate portion spans the entire thickness of the contact lens. In some embodiments, the posterior and anterior surfaces are arcuate. In some embodiments, the special feature is configured to change the thickness of the contact lens compared to a contact lens without the special feature. In some embodiments, the special feature involves a change in the thickness of the contact lens body. In some embodiments, the position of the arcuate portion within a rotated lens may change relative to another lens feature. In some embodiments, the anterior surface of a soft contact lens comprises the special feature. In some embodiments, the posterior surface of a soft contact lens comprises the special feature.

[0103] In some embodiments, the special feature is on a different layer than the arched portion. In some embodiments, the special feature is on a different surface than the arched portion.

[0104] The special feature and arcuate portion may be arranged in a variety of configurations on the contact lens. In some embodiments, a portion of the special feature and a portion of the arcuate portion overlap in the optic portion of the soft contact lens. In some embodiments, the special feature and the arcuate portion do not overlap. In some embodiments, the arcuate portion and the special feature are aligned in a particular orientation. In some embodiments, the arcuate portion and the special feature are aligned to configure for maximum optical power correction.

[0105] In some embodiments, the arched portions and special features do not need to be aligned in a particular orientation, hi some embodiments, the arched portions and special features sufficiently correct the optical power regardless of alignment.

[0106] In some embodiments, the special feature comprises a multifocal lens, a toric lens, an aspheric lens, a myopia correcting lens, or an ortho-k lens. In some embodiments, the special feature comprises a multifocal lens. In some embodiments, the special feature comprises a toric lens. In some embodiments, the special feature comprises an aspheric lens. In some embodiments, the special feature comprises a myopia correcting lens. In some embodiments, the special feature comprises an ortho-k lens. In some embodiments, the special feature comprises a single vision contact lens.

[0107] In some embodiments, the special features correct a different optical aberration than the arcuate portion, hi some embodiments, the special features correct presbyopia and the arcuate portion corrects astigmatism.

[0108] In some embodiments, the special features correct the same optical aberrations as the arcuate portions. In some embodiments, the special features and the arcuate portions both correct astigmatism. In some embodiments, the arcuate portions correct a first amount of optical power and the special features correct a second amount of optical power.

[0109] In some embodiments, the optical aberrations include low-order aberrations or high-order aberrations. In some embodiments, the low-order aberrations include astigmatism, myopia, or hyperopia. In some embodiments, the high-order aberrations include spherical aberrations, coma, or trefoil aberrations. In some embodiments, the high-order aberrations cannot be corrected by cylindrical or spherical correction.

[0110] In some embodiments, the contact lens comprises a uniform spherical anterior surface. In some embodiments, the contact lens comprises a uniform spherical posterior surface. In some embodiments, the contact lens comprises one or more windows. In some embodiments, the contact lens comprises one or more grooves. In some embodiments, the contact lens comprises a window and a groove.

[0111] In some embodiments, the soft contact lens comprises a continuum (e.g., one piece). In some embodiments, the soft contact lens comprises one separate body. In some embodiments, the soft contact lens comprises a continuum. In some embodiments, the arcuate portion and the special features are molded as one separate body. In some embodiments, the arcuate portion and the special features are molded in one step. In some embodiments, the soft contact lens has a single compressive modulus. In some embodiments, the soft contact lens has a single tensile modulus.

[0112] In some embodiments, the soft contact lens is made from a single material. In some embodiments, the entire soft contact lens is made from a single material having the same tensile modulus throughout the material. In some embodiments, the single material comprises a hydrogel. In some embodiments, the single material comprises a silicone. In some embodiments, the single material comprises a silicone hydrogel.

[0113] In some embodiments, soft contact lenses are made from one or more materials.

[0114] In some embodiments, soft contact lenses are made from polymers or hydrogels whose chemical properties are defined by their chemical composition. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses are made from a single material. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses are made from soft materials. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses are made from a single material having substantially uniform mechanical properties throughout. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses are made from a single polymeric material. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses comprise hydrogels, silicone hydrogels, or silicones. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses are made from a single material, such as diacetone acrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, N-carboxyl vinyl ester, N-vinylpyrrolidone, poly[dimethylsiloxy]di[silylbutanol]bis[vinylcarbamate], phosphorylcholine, tris-(trimethylsiloxysilyl)propyl vinylcarbamate, tris-(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, siloxane, or polyvinylpyrrolidone. In some embodiments, the soft contact lens comprises diacetone acrylamide. In some embodiments, the soft contact lens comprises N,N-dimethylacrylamide. In some embodiments, the soft contact lens comprises 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. In some embodiments, the soft contact lens comprises methacrylic acid. In some embodiments, the soft contact lens comprises methyl methacrylate. In some embodiments, the soft contact lens comprises N-carboxyl vinyl ester. In some embodiments, the soft contact lens comprises N-vinyl pyrrolidone. In some embodiments, the soft contact lens comprises poly[dimethylsiloxy]di[silylbutanol]bis[vinylcarbamate]. In some embodiments, the soft contact lens comprises phosphorylcholine.In some embodiments, the soft contact lens comprises tris(trimethylsiloxysilyl)propyl vinylcarbamate. In some embodiments, the soft contact lens comprises tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane. In some embodiments, the soft contact lens comprises siloxane. In some embodiments, the soft contact lens comprises polyvinylpyrrolidone. In some embodiments, the soft contact lens comprises a hydrogel. In some embodiments, the soft contact lens comprises a silicone hydrogel.

[0115] In some embodiments, the lens material comprises a silicone elastomer having an optically clear silicate disposed therein. In some embodiments, the material comprises any suitable water content. In some embodiments, the material has a water content of up to about 20%, up to 15%, up to 10%, up to 9%, up to 8%, up to 7%, up to 6%, up to 5%, up to 4%, up to 3%, up to 2%, up to 1%, or less. The material may have a water content of at least about 1%, at least 2%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 6%, at least 7%, at least 8%, at least 9%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or more. In some embodiments, the material has a water content within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the material comprises a water content of up to about 90%. In some embodiments, the material comprises a moisture content of up to about 10%. In some embodiments, the material comprises a moisture content of up to about 5%.

[0116] In some embodiments, the lenses have any suitable oxygen permeability (Dk). In some embodiments, the lenses have a high oxygen permeability (Dk), in some embodiments, greater than 150. In some embodiments, the oxygen permeability of the lenses is about 30-400 Dk. In some embodiments, silicate-containing silicone lenses are treated to provide a wettable surface.

[0117] In some embodiments, the surface chemistry of the lens is modified by application of a coating or other suitable means known in the art, hi some embodiments, the surface of the lens may be modified by at least one of chemical treatment, chemical vapor deposition, chemical etching, gas plasma, or laser treatment.

[0118] In some embodiments, soft contact lenses are made from elastomeric or partially elastomeric materials. Such elasticity means that external stresses, such as blinking, can cause deformation from a neutral configuration (i.e., "as manufactured" shape). Such external stresses are energetically stored within the deformed lens, and when the external stresses are relieved or removed, the lens deflects toward the neutral configuration. In some embodiments, in the case of a soft spherical contact lens on an astigmatic cornea, the act of conforming the contact lens to the aspherically symmetric (i.e., non-axisymmetric) surface (of the cornea) can generate a small amount of stored potential energy within the lens. In some embodiments, the stored energy causes the contact lens to partially arch away from the cornea, a process that returns the contact lens closer to its lowest-energy configuration (i.e., neutral configuration or "as manufactured" shape). In some embodiments, the partial arching of the contact lens allows fluid to enter the space formed between the corneal surface and the posterior surface of the lens, which provides structural support for the contact lens. In some embodiments, the greater the potential energy stored within the lens body, the easier it is for the lens body to deviate from the deformed configuration (i.e., return to the neutral configuration) and allow fluid to flow between the posterior surface of the lens and the corneal surface.

[0119] In some embodiments, the blinking action causes the contact lens to perfectly conform to the aspherically symmetric cornea. In some embodiments, a perfectly conforming contact lens retains its deformed shape (i.e., its shape deformed from the neutral configuration) due to adhesive energy between the lens surface and the corneal surface (e.g., if the adhesive energy is greater than the potential energy stored in the perfectly conforming contact lens).

[0120] In some embodiments, the contact lens of the present disclosure further comprises at least one fenestration to facilitate fluid flow. In some embodiments, the lens includes at least one fenestration and at least one groove that functions as a fluid pathway between a fluid source and a lenticular volume formed between the posterior surface of the lens and the corneal surface of the eye. For example, the at least one fenestration may function as a fluid pathway from the tear meniscus to the lenticular volume. In some embodiments, the at least one fenestration further reduces resistance to fluid flow, allowing fluid to enter the lenticular volume more quickly. In some embodiments, the at least one fenestration is a plurality of fenestrations. In some embodiments, the fenestrations are distributed radially, circumferentially, or a combination thereof.

[0121] In some embodiments, the contact lenses of the present disclosure further comprise at least one groove to facilitate fluid flow. In some embodiments, the lens includes at least one fenestrations and at least one groove that functions as a fluid pathway between a fluid source and a lenticular volume formed between the posterior surface of the lens and the corneal surface of the eye. For example, the at least one groove may function as a fluid pathway from the tear meniscus to the fenestrations or the lenticular volume. In some embodiments, the at least one groove further reduces resistance to fluid flow, allowing fluid to enter the lenticular volume more quickly. In some embodiments, the at least one groove is a plurality of grooves. In some embodiments, the grooves are distributed radially, circumferentially, or a combination thereof.

[0122] In some embodiments, the lens's modulus of elasticity, lens thickness, and / or degree of deformation affect the amount of energy stored within the lens as it conforms to the corneal surface. For example, a relatively thick lens may store more energy as it conforms to the corneal surface. In some embodiments, the degree of deformation is determined by measuring the volumetric difference between the lens's neutral configuration (i.e., its "as manufactured" shape) and its deformed configuration.

[0123] In some embodiments, the modulus of elasticity of a contact lens can be at least about 0.1 megapascals (MPa), at least 0.2 MPa, at least 0.3 MPa, at least 0.4 MPa, at least 0.5 MPa, at least 0.6 MPa, at least 0.7 MPa, at least 0.8 MPa, at least 0.9 MPa, at least 1 MPa, at least 1.1 MPa, at least 1.2 MPa, at least 1.3 MPa, at least 1.4 MPa, at least 1.5 MPa, at least 1.6 MPa, at least 1.7 MPa, at least 1.8 MPa, at least 1.9 MPa, at least 2 MPa, at least 2.1 MPa, at least 2.2 MPa, at least 2.3 MPa, at least 2.4 MPa, at least 2.5 MPa, at least 2.6 MPa, at least 2.7 MPa, at least 2.8 MPa, at least 2.9 MPa, at least 3 MPa, at least 4 MPa, at least 5 MPa, at least 6 MPa, at least 7 MPa, at least 8 MPa, at least 9 MPa, at least 10 MPa, or more. In some embodiments, the modulus of elasticity of a contact lens can be up to about 10 MPa, up to 9 MPa, up to 8 MPa, up to 7 MPa, up to 6 MPa, up to 5 MPa, up to 4 MPa, up to 3 MPa, up to 2.9 MPa, up to 2.8 MPa, up to 2.7 MPa, up to 2.6 MPa, up to 2.5 MPa, up to 2.4 MPa, up to 2.3 MPa, up to 2.2 MPa, up to 2.1 MPa, up to 2 MPa, up to 1.9 MPa, up to 1.8 MPa, up to 1.7 MPa, up to 1.6 MPa, up to 1.5 MPa, up to 1.4 MPa, up to 1.3 MPa, up to 1.2 MPa, up to 1.1 MPa, up to 1 MPa, up to 0.9 MPa, up to 0.8 MPa, up to 0.7 MPa, up to 0.6 MPa, up to 0.5 MPa, up to 0.4 MPa, up to 0.3 MPa, up to 0.2 MPa, up to 0.1 MPa, or less. The modulus of elasticity of a contact lens can be within a range bounded by any two of the foregoing values. For example, the modulus of elasticity of the contact lens may be from about 0.1 MPa to about 10 MPa. For example, the modulus of elasticity of the contact lens may be from about 0.1 MPa to about 4 MPa.

[0124] In some embodiments, the mechanical properties of any feature of the lenses described herein depend on both the feature's geometry and the feature's material (including the properties of the material). Aspects of the mechanical properties of the lens body are described using a mechanical model of a simply supported circular plate. In this model, the deflection ("D") of a simply supported plate is proportional to the cube of Young's modulus ("E") and thickness ("t"), i.e., D = Et3 / (12*(1-v2). Other parameters of the model, such as plate radius, uniform load, and Poisson's ratio ("v"), can be treated as constants when comparing various modulus and thickness configurations. When comparing lenses of the present disclosure, units conventional to contact lens designers are used herein, namely, megapascals ("MPa") for Young's modulus and micrometers ("um") for thickness.

[0125] In some embodiments, the thickness of the contact lens may be at least about 40 μm, at least 50 μm, at least 60 μm, at least 70 μm, at least 80 μm, at least 90 μm, at least 100 microns, 150 μm, at least 200 μm, at least 250 μm, at least 300 μm, at least 350 μm, at least 400 μm, at least 450 μm, at least 500 μm, at least 550 μm, at least 600 μm, at least 650 μm, at least 700 μm, at least 750 μm, or any value therebetween. In some embodiments, the thickness of a contact lens may be up to about 800 μm, up to 750 μm, up to 700 μm, up to 650 μm, up to 600 μm, up to 550 μm, up to 500 μm, up to 450 μm, up to 400 μm, up to 350 μm, up to 300 μm, up to 250 μm, up to 200 μm, up to 150 μm, up to 100 μm, up to 90 μm, up to 80 μm, up to 70 μm, up to 60 μm, up to 50 μm, up to 40 μm, or any value therebetween. The thickness of a contact lens may be within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. For example, the thickness of a contact lens may be from about 40 μm to about 600 μm. For example, the thickness of a contact lens may be from about 300 μm to about 600 μm. In some embodiments, the thickness of a contact lens is measured by the distance from two surfaces in a cross-section of the contact lens.

[0126] Multifocal Features In some embodiments, the special features include multifocal features. In some embodiments, the multifocal features include bifocal features, trifocal features, or progressive features. In some embodiments, the multifocal features include aspheric multifocal features. In some embodiments, the multifocal features include concentric multifocal features. In some embodiments, the multifocal features include segmented multifocal features. In some embodiments, the multifocal features include spherical and aspheric features. In some embodiments, the multifocal features include one, two, or three optical powers. In some embodiments, the multifocal features include at least two optical powers. The spherical surface of the central zone can provide a single optical power, and the aspheric surface provides a transition in optical power, thereby providing gradual correction for intermediate and near vision. The transition provided by the aspheric surface can be achieved by gradually decreasing the radius of the annular region from the region adjacent to the periphery of the central zone to the outer edge of the annular region. It can be appreciated that the radius of curvature of the inner periphery of the annular zone is approximately equal to the radius of curvature of the central zone, so that the abrupt transition between the central zone and the annular zone may not be noticeable. Furthermore, because the annular zone has a varying curvature, the annular zone represents a progressive aspheric zone of the lens.

[0127] In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses may include contact lenses that slow the progression of myopia. Such combinations may include soft contact lenses with multifocal or aspheric optical designs. In either case, the soft contact lenses control the progression of myopia by defocusing the peripheral vision.

[0128] In some embodiments, the multifocal feature is configured to correct presbyopia. In some embodiments, the multifocal feature is configured to correct myopia. In some embodiments, the multifocal feature is configured to correct myopia and presbyopia. In some embodiments, the multifocal feature is configured to correct astigmatism.

[0129] In some embodiments, the multifocal feature is at least about -6 diopters (D), -5.75D, -5.5D, -5.25D, -5D, -4.75D, -4.5D, -4.25D, -4D, -3.75D, -3.5D, -3.25D, -3D, -2.75D, -2.5D, -2.25D, -2D, -1.75D, -1.5D, -1.25D, -1D, -0.75 Provides correction of D, -0.5D, -0.25D, +0.25D, +0.5D, +0.75D, +1D, +1.25D, +1.5D, +1.75D, +2D, +2.25D, +2.5D, +2.75D, +3D, +3.25D, +3.5D, +4D, +4.25D, +4.5D, +4.75D, +5D, +5.25D, +5.5D, +5.75D, or +6D. In some embodiments, the multifocal features provide a correction of up to about +5D, up to +4.75D, up to +4.5D, up to +4.25D, up to +4D, up to +3.75D, up to +3.5D, up to +3.25D, up to +3D, up to +2.75D, up to +2.5D, up to +2.25D, up to +2D, up to +1.75D, up to +1.5D, up to +1D, up to +0.75D, up to +0.5D, or less. In some embodiments, the multifocal features provide correction of up to about -5D, up to -4.75D, up to -4.5D, up to -4.25D, up to -4D, up to -3.75D, up to -3.5D, up to -3.25D, up to -3D, up to -2.75D, up to -2.5D, up to -2.25D, up to -2D, up to -1.75D, up to -1.5D, up to -1D, up to -0.75D, up to -0.5D, or less. In some embodiments, the correction is in spherical power. In some embodiments, the correction is in cylindrical power.

[0130] In some embodiments, the multifocal features provide at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total refractive power correction, hi some embodiments, the multifocal features provide up to about 99%, 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, or less of the total refractive power correction.

[0131] In some embodiments, the multifocal feature is in the anterior portion of the soft contact lens. In some embodiments, the multifocal feature is in the posterior portion of the soft contact lens.

[0132] Provided herein are lenses that can be used to correct optical aberrations in a subject's eye. A longitudinal view of a soft contact lens including a multifocal element with a radial window is shown schematically in FIG. 10A. In some embodiments, the discontinuity 1001 can be a window or a groove, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the lens includes one or more zones of curvature 1004, 1005, and 1006. A side cross-sectional view of the lens is shown in FIG. 10B. In some embodiments, the lens 1053 includes an anterior surface 1052 and a posterior surface 1051. In some embodiments, the lens 1053 includes one or more divots 1054, 1055 from one or more grooves or windows.

[0133] Provided herein are lenses that can be used to correct optical aberrations in a subject's eye. A longitudinal view of a soft contact lens with a multifocal element having a circumferential groove is shown schematically in FIG. 11A. In some embodiments, the discontinuity 1101 can be a groove or a window. In some embodiments, the lens comprises one or more zones of curvature 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, and 1109. A side cross-sectional view of the lens is shown in FIG. 11B. In some embodiments, the lens 1153 comprises an anterior surface 1152 and a posterior surface 1151. In some embodiments, the lens 1153 comprises one or more divots 1154, 1155 from one or more grooves or windows.

[0134] Toric Features In some embodiments, the special feature comprises a toric feature. In some embodiments, the toric feature comprises a prism ballast, a periballast, a back toric element, or a thin zone design, or a combination thereof. Such a toric element may be used to align at least one fenestration with the tear meniscus. In some embodiments, the toric element does not require customization related to corneal topography orientation and / or astigmatism.

[0135] In some embodiments, the toric element comprises a stabilizer or weight. In some embodiments, the toric element is oriented downward (e.g., toward the 6 o'clock position and / or toward the lower tear meniscus when worn on the eye) and the downward orientation is fixed (e.g., the lens does not rotate). In some embodiments, the toric element is oriented upward (e.g., toward the 12 o'clock position and / or toward the upper tear meniscus).

[0136] In some embodiments, the toric feature is located in the peripheral portion of the soft contact lens, hi some embodiments, the toric feature provides a cylinder correction.

[0137] In some embodiments, the toric feature is at least about -6 diopters (D), -5.75D, -5.5D, -5.25D, -5D, -4.75D, -4.5D, -4.25D, -4D, -3.75D, -3.5D, -3.25D, -3D, -2.75D, -2.5D, -2.25D, -2D, -1.75D, -1.5D, -1.25D, -1D, -0.7 Provides 5D, -0.5D, -0.25D, +0.25D, +0.5D, +0.75D, +1D, +1.25D, +1.5D, +1.75D, +2D, +2.25D, +2.5D, +2.75D, +3D, +3.25D, +3.5D, +4D, +4.25D, +4.5D, +4.75D, +5D, +5.25D, +5.5D, +5.75D, or +6D correction. In some embodiments, the toric features provide a correction of up to about +5D, up to +4.75D, up to +4.5D, up to +4.25D, up to +4D, up to +3.75D, up to +3.5D, up to +3.25D, up to +3D, up to +2.75D, up to +2.5D, up to +2.25D, up to +2D, up to +1.75D, up to +1.5D, up to +1D, up to +0.75D, up to +0.5D, or less. In some embodiments, the toric features provide a correction of up to about -5D, up to -4.75D, up to -4.5D, up to -4.25D, up to -4D, up to -3.75D, up to -3.5D, up to -3.25D, up to -3D, up to -2.75D, up to -2.5D, up to -2.25D, up to -2D, up to -1.75D, up to -1.5D, up to -1D, up to -0.75D, up to -0.5D, or less. In some embodiments, the correction is in spherical power. In some embodiments, the correction is in cylindrical power.

[0138] In some embodiments, the toric features provide a correction of at least about +6D, +5.75D, at least +5.5D, at least +5.25D, at least +5D, at least +4.75D, at least +4.5D, at least +4.25D, at least +4D, at least +3.75D, at least +3.5D, at least +3.25D, at least +3D, at least +2.75D, at least +2.5D, at least +2.25D, at least +2D, at least +1.75D, at least +1.5D, at least +1D, at least +0.75D, at least +0.5D, or less. In some embodiments, the toric features provide a correction of at least about -6D, at least -5D, at least -4.75D, at least -4.5D, at least -4.25D, at least -4D, at least -3.75D, at least -3.5D, at least -3.25D, at least -3D, at least -2.75D, at least -2.5D, at least -2.25D, at least -2D, at least -1.75D, at least -1.5D, at least -1D, at least -0.75D, at least -0.5D, or less. In some embodiments, the correction is in sphere. In some embodiments, the correction is in cylinder. In some embodiments, the toric features are configured to mask astigmatism within a range defined by any two of the foregoing values.

[0139] In some embodiments, the toric features provide at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the toric features provide up to about 99%, 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, or less of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the toric features can correct (i.e., mask) astigmatism by at least about 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or more. In some cases, the toric features may mask astigmatism by up to about 99%, 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, 75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, or less. In some embodiments, correcting (i.e., masking) astigmatism by a certain percentage refers to increasing visual acuity compared to normal visual acuity (e.g., 6 / 6 or 20 / 20 visual acuity).

[0140] In some embodiments, the toric features provide at least a portion of the cylindrical power correction, hi some embodiments, the toric features provide at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total cylindrical power correction.

[0141] In some embodiments, the arched portion provides at least a portion of the cylindrical correction, hi some embodiments, the arched portion provides at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total cylindrical correction.

[0142] In some embodiments, the arcuate portion, in combination with a tear lens formed when the soft contact lens is placed on the eye, corrects the refractive error of the eye. In some embodiments, the tear lens formed between the arcuate portion and the cornea when the contact lens is placed on the eye provides at least a portion of the cylindrical correction. In some embodiments, the tear lens provides at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total cylindrical correction.

[0143] In some embodiments, the arcuate portion provides a first portion of the cylindrical power correction and the special feature provides a second portion of the cylindrical power correction, hi some embodiments, the tear lens provides a third portion of the total optical power correction.

[0144] In some embodiments, the soft contact lens may include a toric lens to correct astigmatism. For example, in a subject with a 2.25D cylinder, assume that a contact lens designed to mask astigmatism will mask 1.25D of astigmatism, leaving 1D of uncorrected astigmatism. In such a case, it is advantageous to use a soft contact lens that includes a toric lens rather than providing a single 2.25D toric lens. This is because a 2.25D toric lens is more sensitive to any deviation in axis, but fitting a 1D toric lens is easier than fitting a 2.25D toric lens, making fitting significantly easier.

[0145] Provided herein are lenses that can be used to correct astigmatism in a subject's eye. A longitudinal view of a soft contact lens with a toric element having a radial window is shown schematically in FIG. 8A. In some embodiments, the discontinuity 801 can be a window or a groove. In some embodiments, the toric elements 802, 803 can be stabilizers or weights. In some embodiments, the lens includes a groove 805. In some embodiments, the lens includes an inner portion 807 and a peripheral portion 806. A side cross-sectional view of the lens is shown in FIG. 8B. In some embodiments, the lens 853 includes an anterior surface 852 and a posterior surface 851. In some embodiments, the lens 853 includes one or more divots 854, 855 from one or more grooves or windows.

[0146] Provided herein are lenses that can be used to correct astigmatism in a subject's eye. A longitudinal view of a soft contact lens with a toric element having circumferential grooves is shown schematically in FIG. 9A. In some embodiments, the toric elements 901, 902 can be stabilizers or weights. In some embodiments, the lens includes one or more grooves 904, 905, 906. In some embodiments, the lens includes zones of different curvatures 907, 908, 909, 910. A side cross-sectional view of the lens is shown in FIG. 9B. In some embodiments, the lens 953 includes an anterior surface 952 and a posterior surface 951. In some embodiments, the lens 953 includes one or more divots 954, 955 from one or more grooves or windows.

[0147] The soft contact lenses described herein offer several advantages over traditional toric lenses. In some cases, toric contact lenses for correcting astigmatism require multiple different designs with different base curves and various characteristics for each power step and each angle step between two meridians (e.g., steep and flat meridians) to cover the various astigmatisms a patient may have. Furthermore, if a patient's axis of astigmatism does not fall exactly within the 5-degree or 10-degree steps used in traditional toric lenses, the patient may suffer from residual astigmatism. In some cases, toric contact lenses using this single-axis approach may have additional features (e.g., prism ballast, dynamic stabilization elements, etc.) to stabilize the lens rotation compared to traditional spherical correction contact lenses, making manufacturing more complex. In some cases, toric contact lenses for the single-axis approach may require significantly more lenses in inventory (e.g., stock-keeping units or SKUs) for fitting and / or sales. Furthermore, fitting these specialized contact lenses may take longer than fitting traditional contact lenses. Toric contact lenses often require stabilization to position the correction cylinder on the proper axis of the eye, which can be time-consuming and can cause temporary discomfort and / or blurred vision for the user. Because of these complications, the contact lenses described herein can provide toric correction without the need to manufacture and store many different lenses.

[0148] Arched section In some embodiments, the arched portion is configured to arch over a portion of the cornea. In some embodiments, the arched portion is configured to cover substantially the entire cornea. In some embodiments, the arched portion is configured to arch over the steep meridian of the cornea and substantially match the flat meridian of the cornea. In some embodiments, a portion of the arched portion is within the optic portion of the soft contact lens. In some embodiments, substantially all of the arched portion is within the optic portion of the soft contact lens. In some embodiments, the arched portion is configured to be suspended above the cornea when placed on the eye. In some embodiments, the arched portion is configured to be suspended above a special feature of the soft contact lens. In some embodiments, the arched portion is configured to form a free volume between the cornea and the posterior surface of the soft contact lens when placed on the eye. In some embodiments, the arched portion is configured to form a free volume between the arched portion and the cornea when placed on the eye. In some embodiments, the arched portion is configured to allow for the formation of a tear lens. In some embodiments, the free volume is configured to fill with fluid to form a tear lens on the cornea when placed on the eye. The soft contact lenses provided by the present invention may have multiple sectors, each with a different volume of tear lens beneath it, and each sector in combination with the tear lens portion immediately behind it may provide a different refractive power.

[0149] In some embodiments, the tear lens provides correction for ocular refractive error (e.g., astigmatism). In some embodiments, the ocular refractive error is a primary aberration or spherical aberration. In some embodiments, the ocular refractive error is a secondary aberration or cylindrical aberration. In some embodiments, the ocular refractive error is a tertiary aberration or coma.

[0150] In some embodiments, the arched portion is configured to correct refractive error of the eye regardless of rotational orientation, hi some embodiments, the arched portion is configured to mask astigmatism regardless of rotational orientation.

[0151] In some embodiments, the arched portion has a curvature of at least about -6 diopters (D), -5.75D, -5.5D, -5.25D, -5D, -4.75D, -4.5D, -4.25D, -4D, -3.75D, -3.5D, -3.25D, -3D, -2.75D, -2.5D, -2.25D, -2D, -1.75D, -1.5D, -1.25D, -1D, -0.75 Provides correction of D, -0.5D, -0.25D, +0.25D, +0.5D, +0.75D, +1D, +1.25D, +1.5D, +1.75D, +2D, +2.25D, +2.5D, +2.75D, +3D, +3.25D, +3.5D, +4D, +4.25D, +4.5D, +4.75D, +5D, +5.25D, +5.5D, +5.75D, or +6D. In some embodiments, the toric features provide a correction of up to about +5D, up to +4.75D, up to +4.5D, up to +4.25D, up to +4D, up to +3.75D, up to +3.5D, up to +3.25D, up to +3D, up to +2.75D, up to +2.5D, up to +2.25D, up to +2D, up to +1.75D, up to +1.5D, up to +1D, up to +0.75D, up to +0.5D, or less. In some embodiments, the toric features provide a correction of up to about -5D, up to -4.75D, up to -4.5D, up to -4.25D, up to -4D, up to -3.75D, up to -3.5D, up to -3.25D, up to -3D, up to -2.75D, up to -2.5D, up to -2.25D, up to -2D, up to -1.75D, up to -1.5D, up to -1D, up to -0.75D, up to -0.5D, or less. In some embodiments, the toric features provide a correction of at least about +5D, at least +4.75D, at least +4.5D, at least +4.25D, at least +4D, at least +3.75D, at least +3.5D, at least +3.25D, at least +3D, at least +2.75D, at least +2.5D, at least +2.25D, at least +2D, at least +1.75D, at least +1.5D, at least +1D, at least +0.75D, at least +0.5D, or less.In some embodiments, the toric features provide a correction of at least about -5D, at least -4.75D, at least -4.5D, at least -4.25D, at least -4D, at least -3.75D, at least -3.5D, at least -3.25D, at least -3D, at least -2.75D, at least -2.5D, at least -2.25D, at least -2D, at least -1.75D, at least -1.5D, at least -1D, at least -0.75D, at least -0.5D, or less. In some embodiments, the correction is in spherical power. In some embodiments, the correction is in cylindrical power.

[0152] In some embodiments, the arched portion is configured to mask astigmatism in the subject's eye, hi some embodiments, the arched portion is configured to mask astigmatism within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values.

[0153] In some embodiments, the arched portion is configured to correct a meridian-to-meridian power difference of about -4D to about +4D. The arched portion may be configured to correct a corneal power difference within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the corneal power difference is within a range of about -6D to about +6D.

[0154] In some embodiments, the arched portion provides at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides up to about 99%, 95%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, or less of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 10% or more of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 20% or more of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 30% or more of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 40% or more of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 50% or more of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 60% or more of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 70% or more of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 80% or more of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 90% or more of the total power correction.

[0155] In some embodiments, the arcuate portion can correct astigmatism, also referred to herein as masking. In some embodiments, the arcuate portion can correct astigmatism. In some embodiments, the arcuate portion can correct astigmatism by at least about 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or more. In some embodiments, the arcuate portion can correct astigmatism by about 20% or more. In some embodiments, the arcuate portion can correct astigmatism by about 25% or more. In some embodiments, the arcuate portion can correct astigmatism by about 90% or more. In some embodiments, the arcuate portion can correct astigmatism by about 95% or more. In some cases, the arched portion may mask astigmatism by up to about 99%, 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, 75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, or less. In some embodiments, correcting (i.e., masking) astigmatism by a certain percentage refers to improving visual acuity compared to normal visual acuity (e.g., 6 / 6 or 20 / 20 visual acuity).

[0156] In some embodiments, the arched portion provides a first portion of the total power correction and the special feature provides a second portion of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 10% or more of the total power correction and the special feature provides about 90% or less of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 20% or more of the total power correction and the special feature provides about 80% or less of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 30% or more of the total power correction and the special feature provides about 70% or less of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 40% or more of the total power correction and the special feature provides about 60% or less of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 50% or more of the total power correction and the special feature provides about 50% or less of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 60% or more of the total power correction and the special features provide about 40% or less of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 70% or more of the total power correction and the special features provide about 30% or less of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 80% or more of the total power correction and the special features provide about 20% or less of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 90% or more of the total power correction and the special features provide about 10% or less of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 90% or less of the total power correction and the special features provide about 10% or more of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 80% or less of the total power correction and the special features provide about 20% or more of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 70% or less of the total power correction and the special features provide about 30% or more of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 60% or less of the total power correction and the special features provide about 40% or more of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 50% or less of the total power correction and the special features provide about 50% or more of the total power correction.In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 40% or less of the total power correction and the special features provide about 60% or more of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 30% or less of the total power correction and the special features provide about 70% or more of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 20% or less of the total power correction and the special features provide about 80% or more of the total power correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 10% or less of the total power correction and the special features provide about 90% or more of the total power correction.

[0157] In some embodiments, the arched portion provides at least a portion of the cylindrical correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total cylindrical correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides up to about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total cylindrical correction. In some embodiments, the arched portion provides about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total cylindrical correction.

[0158] In some embodiments, the arcuate portion, in combination with the tear lens formed when the soft contact lens is worn on the eye, corrects the refractive error of the eye. In some embodiments, the tear lens formed between the arcuate portion and the cornea when the contact lens is worn on the eye provides at least a portion of the cylindrical correction. In some embodiments, the tear lens provides at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total cylindrical correction. In some embodiments, the tear lens provides up to about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total cylindrical correction. In some embodiments, the tear lens provides about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total cylindrical correction.

[0159] In some embodiments, the arcuate portion provides a first portion of the cylindrical power correction and the special feature provides a second portion of the cylindrical power correction, hi some embodiments, the tear lens provides a third portion of the total optical power correction.

[0160] Windows and grooves In some embodiments, the soft contact lens comprises a window. In some embodiments, the window fluidly connects the tear film to the lenticular volume when placed on the eye. In some embodiments, the soft contact lens comprises a groove. In some embodiments, the groove fluidly connects the window to the lenticular volume when placed on the eye.

[0161] In some embodiments, soft contact lenses include at least one fenestration configured to facilitate fluid, such as tears or artificial tears, between the posterior surface of the contact lens and the corneal surface of the eye. In some embodiments, a non-conforming, arcuate, or vaulted portion of the lens is supported by a conforming portion of the lens that overlies a relatively flat region of the corneal surface, thereby allowing fluid to fill the lenticular volume formed between the arcuate portion of the lens and the steep region of the cornea. By filling the lenticular volume between the posterior surface of the lens and the steep region of the cornea, the lens can assume a shape closer to its neutral configuration (i.e., its "as manufactured" shape). In some embodiments, the vaulted shape of the contact lens facilitates filling of the lenticular volume with fluid. In some embodiments, the at least one fenestration may increase oxygen transport through the lens to the cornea compared to contact lenses with only pores. In some embodiments, the at least one fenestration may increase oxygen transport through the lens to the cornea compared to contact lenses without pores and / or fenestration.

[0162] In some embodiments, the at least one window is connected to at least one groove located above the tear meniscus for far vision, intermediate vision, and near vision. The at least one window may be arranged radially or circumferentially on the contact lens. The at least one groove may be arranged radially or circumferentially on the contact lens. The at least one groove may be on the posterior surface of the contact lens. The at least one groove may be in fluid communication with the at least one window. For example, in at least some cases, the at least one groove may extend radially from the at least one window to the outer edge of the contact lens, thereby facilitating tear flow from portions adjacent to the outer edge of the contact lens. Alternatively, or in combination, the at least one groove may extend from the at least one window to a relatively more inner portion of the contact lens to facilitate tear flow into the formed lenticular volume(s). The contact lens may have multiple grooves.

[0163] In some embodiments, the contact lens includes a groove. In some embodiments, the groove is on the posterior surface of the masking lens. In some embodiments, the groove has a rounded surface. In some embodiments, the groove has a base on the posterior surface that is wider than its cross section near the anterior surface of the lens. In some embodiments, the groove is formed by a mold. In some embodiments, the groove is formed by machining. In some embodiments, the groove is formed by chemical etching. In some embodiments, the groove is formed by laser etching. In some embodiments, the groove is formed by methods other than molding or etching, as will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the teachings herein.

[0164] Factors that determine fluid flow through a contact lens include fluid availability, resistance to flow, chemical properties (e.g., hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity), mechanical properties (e.g., modulus and resilience), lens geometry, or a combination thereof.

[0165] The window(s) may have any cross-sectional shape, including square, rectangular, circular, semicircular, curved, triangular, or any other geometric shape. In some embodiments, the window has a square cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, the window has a rectangular cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, the window has a circular cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, the window has a semicircular cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, the window has a curved cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, the window has a triangular cross-sectional shape.

[0166] In some embodiments, the at least one window comprises multiple windows. The multiple windows may be evenly distributed around the center of the soft lens body. The multiple windows may be unevenly distributed around the center of the soft lens body. The multiple windows may be circumferentially distributed. The multiple windows may be radially distributed. At least one of the multiple windows may be separated from an adjacent window by a distance of only about 1 mm. The multiple windows may be distributed along at least one meridian of the soft lens body. The radius defined by the radially distributed multiple windows may be about 3 mm to about 8 mm. The multiple windows may be positioned at a distance of about 3 mm to about 9 mm from the center of the soft lens body. The multiple windows may be distributed along the length of the soft lens body. The length of the soft lens body may be the radius, diameter, or circumference of the lens body. The length of the soft lens body may be about 4 mm to about 45 mm.

[0167] In some embodiments, the lenses described herein comprise one or more windows radially distributed from the center of the lens. In some embodiments, the radially distributed windows include one or more windows extending in a straight line from around the center of the lens to the edge of the lens. In some embodiments, the lens has one or more radially distributed windows. In some embodiments, the lens has one radially distributed window. In some embodiments, the lens has two radially distributed windows. In some embodiments, the lens has three radially distributed windows. In some embodiments, the lens has four radially distributed windows.

[0168] In some embodiments, the radial line windows include one or more windows. In some embodiments, the radial line windows include one window. In some embodiments, the radial line windows include two windows. In some embodiments, the radial line windows include three windows. In some embodiments, the radial line windows include four windows. In some embodiments, the radial line windows include five windows. In some embodiments, the radial line windows include up to five windows. In some embodiments, the radial line windows include up to four windows. In some embodiments, the radial line windows include up to three windows. In some embodiments, the radial line windows include up to two windows. In some embodiments, the radial line windows include up to one window.

[0169] In some embodiments, a lens having two or more radial lines of windows is configured such that the angle between the two window lines is between about 0 degrees and about 180 degrees. In some embodiments, the two radial lines of the windows are configured to form an angle of about 90 degrees. In some embodiments, the two radial lines of the windows are configured to form an angle of about 180 degrees. In some embodiments, a lens having two radial lines of windows does not include a toric element. For example, a lens without a toric element, including two radial lines of windows spaced about 90 degrees apart, allows at least one window sufficient access to the tear meniscus (e.g., the upper or lower tear meniscus) regardless of the orientation of the lens on the eye.

[0170] In some embodiments, the lens has one radial window, in some embodiments, the lens has two radial windows, in some embodiments, the lens has three radial windows, in some embodiments, the lens has four radial windows.

[0171] In some embodiments, the lens having one radial line of windows has a toric element. In some embodiments, the toric element positions the lens so that at least one window in the radial line of windows is adjacent to the upper or lower tear meniscus when the lens is placed on the eye. In some embodiments, the toric element positions the lens so that the toric element faces downward (e.g., at 6 o'clock) when the lens is placed on the eye. In some embodiments, the toric element positions the lens so that the toric element faces upward (e.g., at 12 o'clock) when the lens is placed on the eye.

[0172] In some embodiments, at least one window on the lens is adjacent to the tear meniscus. In some embodiments, at least one of the one or more windows on the lens has access to tear fluid from the tear meniscus (e.g., the upper or lower meniscus) at all times during wear. In some embodiments, at least two of the one or more windows on the lens are adjacent to the tear meniscus. In some embodiments, at least one of the two or more windows on the lens has access to tear fluid from the tear meniscus (e.g., the upper or lower meniscus) during wear. In some embodiments, constant access to the tear meniscus refers to being adjacent to or in contact with the tear meniscus for at least 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99% of the time the user is wearing the contact lens. In some embodiments, constant access is also referred to herein as constant contact, continuous contact, or continuous access.

[0173] In some embodiments, the window is positioned about 4 mm to about 6 mm from the center of the lens. Because the interpalpebral fissure ("IPF") in hyperopia is typically about 10 mm, it may be preferable to position the window 5 mm + / - 1 mm from the center of the lens (e.g., the window has a diameter of approximately about 8 mm to about 12 mm).

[0174] The window(s) may have a diameter of at least about 0.01 mm, at least 0.02 mm, at least 0.03 mm, at least 0.04 mm, at least 0.05 mm, at least 0.06 mm, at least 0.07 mm, at least 0.08 mm, at least 0.09 mm, at least 0.1 mm, at least 0.2 mm, at least 0.3 mm, at least 0.4 mm, at least 0.5 mm, at least 0.6 mm, at least 0.7 mm, at least 0.8 mm, at least 0.9 mm, at least 1 mm, or any value therebetween. In some embodiments, the window(s) may have a diameter of up to about 1 mm, up to 0.9 mm, up to 0.8 mm, up to 0.7 mm, up to 0.6 mm, up to 0.5 mm, up to 0.4 mm, up to 0.3 mm, up to 0.2 mm, up to 0.1 mm, up to 0.09 mm, up to 0.08 mm, up to 0.07 mm, up to 0.06 mm, up to 0.5 mm, up to 0.04 mm, up to 0.03 mm, up to 0.02 mm, up to 0.01 mm, or any value therebetween. The window may have a diameter that may be within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. For example, the window may have a diameter of about 0.05 mm to about 1 mm. In one example, the window may have a diameter of about 0.05 mm to about 0.5 mm.

[0175] Contact lenses of the present disclosure may have at least one window. Contact lenses may have at least about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or more windows. In some embodiments, contact lenses may have up to about 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, or 1 window.

[0176] In some embodiments, the peripheral portion of the soft contact lens is configured to conform to the surface of the eye when placed on the eye. In some embodiments, the peripheral portion of the soft contact lens is configured to conform to the corneal surface of the eye when placed on the eye. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the peripheral portion is configured to conform to the corneal surface of the eye when the lens is placed on the corneal surface of the eye.

[0177] In some embodiments, the peripheral portion of the soft contact lens is configured to attenuate the transmission of bending forces to the arcuate portion.

[0178] In some embodiments, the soft contact lens comprises an interface configured to attenuate the transmission of bending forces to the arcuate portion. In some embodiments, the soft lens body has a peripheral portion, an inner portion, and an interface between the peripheral portion and the inner portion. In some embodiments, the interface has a lower stiffness than either the peripheral portion or the inner portion, or both. In some embodiments, the interface allows at least a portion of the peripheral portion to conform to the corneal surface without substantially deforming the inner portion.

[0179] In some embodiments, the arching portion and the peripheral portion have the same tensile modulus.

[0180] In some embodiments, the arched portion has a higher tensile modulus than the peripheral portion. In some embodiments, the arched portion has a lower tensile modulus than the peripheral portion. In some embodiments, the arched portion has a substantially similar tensile modulus to the peripheral portion. In some embodiments, the ratio of the stiffness of the arched portion to the stiffness of the peripheral portion is about 1:3 to about 3:1. In some embodiments, the ratio of the stiffness of the arched portion to the stiffness of the peripheral portion is about 1:1. In some embodiments, the arched portion has a tensile modulus of about 0.1 MPa to about 4 MPa.

[0181] In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses are configured to mask astigmatism in a subject's eye. In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses can be configured to mask astigmatism of up to about 2.5 diopters (D). In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses are configured to mask astigmatism of up to about 5D, up to 4.75D, up to 4.5D, up to 4.25D, up to 4D, up to 3.75D, up to 3.5D, up to 3.25D, up to 3D, up to 2.75D, up to 2.5D, up to 2.25D, up to 2.0D, up to 1.75D, up to 1.5D, up to 1D, up to 0.7D, up to 0.5D, or less. In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses are configured to mask astigmatism of at least about 0.5D, at least 0.7D, at least 1D, at least 1.5D, at least 1.75D, at least 2.0D, at least 2.25D, at least 2.5D, at least 2.75D, at least 3D, at least 3.25D, at least 3.5D, at least 3.75D, at least 4D, at least 4.25D, at least 4.5D, at least 4.75D, at least 5D, or more. In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses are configured to mask astigmatism within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the astigmatism is within the range of about 2.25D to about 2.5D. In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses are configured to mask astigmatism in 0.01D increments due to the sensitivity of the soft contact lens formulation, and are not limited to the 0.25D increments customary with standard toric lenses.

[0182] In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses are configured so that only the spherical power of the lens is needed to correct the vision of a subject in need thereof to their best-corrected vision. In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses are configured to mask astigmatism, such that only the spherical power of the lens is needed to correct the vision of a subject in need of vision correction to any desired acuity. In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses are configured so that both spherical and cylindrical powers are needed to correct the vision of a subject in need of vision correction.

[0183] In some embodiments, soft contact lenses are configured to correct a meridian angle of about 10 degrees to about 1 degree. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses are configured to correct a meridian angle of up to about 10 degrees, up to 9 degrees, up to 8 degrees, up to 7 degrees, up to 6 degrees, up to 5 degrees, up to 4 degrees, up to 3 degrees, up to 2 degrees, up to 1 degree, or less. In some cases, soft contact lenses may be configured to correct a meridian angle of at least about 1 degree, at least 2 degrees, at least 3 degrees, at least 4 degrees, at least 5 degrees, at least 6 degrees, at least 7 degrees, at least 8 degrees, at least 9 degrees, at least 10 degrees, or more. Soft contact lenses may be configured to correct a meridian angle within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, the meridian angle can be in the range of about 3 degrees to about 4 degrees.

[0184] In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses are configured to correct a meridian-to-meridian corneal refractive power difference of about 3D to about 0 D. In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses are configured to correct a corneal refractive power difference of up to about 3D, up to 2.9D, up to 2.8D, up to 2.7D, up to 2.6D, up to 2.5D, up to 2.4D, up to 2.3D, up to 2.2D, up to 2.1D, up to 2D, up to 1.9D, up to 1.8D, up to 1.7D, up to 1.6D, up to 1.5D, up to 1.4D, up to 1.3D, up to 1.2D, up to 1D, up to 0.9D, up to 0.8D, up to 0.7D, up to 0.6D, up to 0.5D, up to 0.4D, up to 0.3D, up to 0.2D, up to 0.1D, or less. In some examples, a soft contact lens can be configured to correct a refractive power difference of at least about 0.1 D, at least 0.2 D, at least 0.3 D, at least 0.4 D, at least 0.5 D, at least 0.6 D, at least 0.7 D, at least 0.8 D, at least 0.9 D, at least 1 D, at least 1.1 D, at least 1.2 D, at least 1.3 D, at least 1.4 D, at least 1.5 D, at least 1.6 D, at least 1.7 D, at least 1.8 D, at least 1.9 D, at least 2 D, at least 2.1 D, at least 2.2 D, at least 2.3 D, at least 2.4 D, at least 2.5 D, at least 2.6 D, at least 2.7 D, at least 2.8 D, at least 2.9 D, at least 3 D, or more. A soft contact lens can be configured to correct a corneal refractive power difference within a range defined by any two of the foregoing values. In some embodiments, the refractive power difference of the cornea is in the range of about 0.5D to about 2.5D.

[0185] In some embodiments, the walls forming the window can have a variety of shapes. In some embodiments, the walls forming the window have a conical shape. In some embodiments, the walls forming the window have a frustum shape. In some embodiments, the walls forming the window have a rounded shape. In some embodiments, the walls forming the window have a cylindrical shape. In some embodiments, the walls forming the window have a rectangular shape. In some embodiments, the window has a window opening on the front surface that has a wider diameter than the window opening on the rear surface. In some embodiments, a wider diameter window opening on the front surface improves fluid flow over a narrower diameter window opening on the front surface. In some embodiments, the window has a window opening on the front surface that has substantially the same diameter as the window opening on the rear surface. In some embodiments, the window has a window opening on the front surface that has a smaller diameter than the window opening on the rear surface.

[0186] kit Provided herein are kits for correcting refractive error of an eye, the kits comprising the soft contact lenses disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the kits further comprise instructions for use.

[0187] How to use One aspect of the present disclosure is a method of correcting refractive error of the eye using the soft contact lenses disclosed herein.

[0188] In some embodiments, soft contact lenses are capable of correcting (i.e., masking) the refractive error of the eye. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses are capable of correcting (i.e., masking) the refractive error of the eye by at least about 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or more. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses are capable of correcting the refractive error of the eye by about 20% or more. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses are capable of correcting the refractive error of the eye by about 25% or more. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses are capable of correcting the refractive error of the eye by about 90% or more. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses are capable of correcting the refractive error of the eye by about 95% or more. In some cases, soft contact lenses can mask the refractive error of the eye by up to about 99%, 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, 75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, or less. In some embodiments, correcting (i.e., masking) the refractive error of the eye by a certain percentage refers to improving visual acuity compared to normal visual acuity (e.g., 6 / 6 or 20 / 20 visual acuity).

[0189] In some embodiments, soft contact lenses can correct (i.e., mask) astigmatism. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses can correct (i.e., mask) astigmatism by at least about 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or more. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses can correct astigmatism by about 20% or more. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses can correct astigmatism by about 25% or more. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses can correct astigmatism by about 90% or more. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses can correct astigmatism by about 95% or more. In some cases, contact lenses may mask astigmatism by up to about 99%, 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, 75%, 70%, 65%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, or less. In some embodiments, correcting (i.e., masking) astigmatism by a certain percentage refers to improving visual acuity compared to normal visual acuity (e.g., 6 / 6 or 20 / 20 visual acuity).

[0190] In some embodiments, soft contact lenses can mask astigmatism up to 1 diopter (D). In some embodiments, soft contact lenses can also mask astigmatism up to 2D. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses can also mask astigmatism up to 3D. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses can also mask astigmatism up to 4D. Soft contact lenses can mask astigmatism by an amount within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses mask astigmatism from 1D to 1.25D. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses mask astigmatism from 0.25D to 1.25D. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses mask astigmatism from 0.5D to 2.5D. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses mask astigmatism from 0.1D to 5D.

[0191] In some embodiments, the lenses of the present disclosure reduce the number of different contact lenses that need to be manufactured and stored. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses can reduce stock keeping unit (SKU) requirements. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses may reduce stock keeping unit (SKU) requirements by at least about 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or more, compared to soft toric contact lenses or other conventional contact lenses. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses may reduce SKU requirements by up to about 99%, up to 95%, up to 90%, up to 80%, up to 70%, up to 60%, up to 50%, or less, compared to soft toric contact lenses or other conventional contact lenses. In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses provided herein may reduce SKU requirements by at least 50%. In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses provided herein may reduce SKU requirements by at least 80%. In some embodiments, the soft contact lenses provided herein may reduce SKU requirements by at least up to about 95%. The contact lenses may reduce SKU requirements by an amount within a range defined by any two of the aforementioned values. For example, soft toric contact lenses may require over 4,000 SKUs, while the soft contact lenses described herein may require about 500 SKUs or less. In some embodiments, the lenses described herein may reduce SKUs by at least one order of magnitude and up to two orders of magnitude, allowing for coverage of a power range from -9 diopters to +6 diopters.

[0192] In some embodiments, soft contact lenses can reduce the need for eyeglasses. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses can reduce the use of soft contact lenses in combination with eyeglasses.

[0193] In some embodiments, soft contact lenses can reduce the time required for fitting by an eye care professional or consultation, for example, the time it takes for a user to find a lens prescription that satisfies their refractive error. In some embodiments, fitting time is reduced because there are fewer lens options to try and / or a single design of the lenses provided herein is configured to correct a wide range of refractive errors. In some embodiments, fitting time is reduced by about 25% or more. In some embodiments, fitting time is reduced by about 50% or more. In some embodiments, fitting time is reduced by about 80% or more. In some embodiments, fitting time is reduced by about 90% or more. In some embodiments, the lenses do not require fitting.

[0194] In some embodiments, contact lenses may reduce the number of visits to an eye professional until a final lens fitting is determined. In some embodiments, the number of visits to an eye professional is reduced by about 25% or more. In some embodiments, the number of visits to an eye professional is reduced by about 50% or more. In some embodiments, the number of visits to an eye professional is reduced by about 80% or more. In some embodiments, the number of visits to an eye professional is reduced by at least 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 visits.

[0195] Method for making windows and grooves Provided herein is a method for preparing a soft contact lens for correcting refractive error of the eye, the method comprising forming a window from the anterior to the posterior surface of the soft contact lens.

[0196] In some embodiments, the wall forming the window has a conical shape. In some embodiments, the wall forming the window has the shape of a truncated cone.

[0197] In some embodiments, the walls forming the window have a rounded shape. In some embodiments, the walls forming the window have a cylindrical shape.

[0198] In some embodiments, the walls forming the window have a rectangular shape.

[0199] In some embodiments, the windows are formed such that the window opening to the front surface has a wider diameter than the window opening to the rear surface, hi some embodiments, a wider diameter window opening to the front surface improves fluid flow over a narrower diameter window opening to the front surface.

[0200] In some embodiments, the windows are formed so that the window opening to the front surface has a substantially similar diameter as the window opening to the rear surface, hi some embodiments, the windows are formed so that the window opening to the front surface has a smaller diameter than the window opening to the rear surface.

[0201] In some embodiments, the method further includes forming a groove. In some embodiments, the groove is in the posterior surface of the masking lens. In some embodiments, the groove is formed such that the groove has a rounded surface. In some embodiments, the groove has a base at the posterior surface that is wider than a cross section near the anterior surface of the lens. In some embodiments, the groove is formed by a mold. In some embodiments, the groove is formed by machining. In some embodiments, the groove is formed by chemical etching. In some embodiments, the groove is formed by laser etching. In some embodiments, the groove is formed by methods other than molding or etching, as will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the teachings herein.

[0202] In some embodiments, the window is formed by molding. In some embodiments, the window is formed by machining. In some embodiments, the window is formed by chemical etching. In some embodiments, the window is formed by laser etching. In some embodiments, the window is formed by methods other than molding or etching, as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the teachings herein.

[0203] In some embodiments, the surface is coated. In some embodiments, the coating improves the lubricity of the lens. In some embodiments, improved lubricity improves wearer comfort. In some embodiments, the coating has a thickness sufficient to smooth the edges of the window or groove. In some embodiments, the thickness is from about 1 μm to about 5 μm. In some embodiments, the thickness is at least about 1 μm, 2 μm, 3 μm, 4 μm, 5 μm, or more. In some embodiments, the thickness is at most about 5 μm, 4 μm, 3 μm, 2 μm, 1 μm, or less.

[0204] 1-7 show soft contact lens designs with grooves and / or windows and mold designs for making the grooves and windows disclosed herein.

[0205] FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a soft contact lens with a window and a groove. In some embodiments, soft contact lenses 102, 103 include a window 101 and a groove 104. In some embodiments, the window has an anterior opening. In some embodiments, the groove has a posterior opening. In some embodiments, the walls 107, 108 forming the window have a conical shape. In some embodiments, the walls 107, 108 forming the window have a frustoconical shape. In some embodiments, the walls 107, 108 forming the window have a frustoconical shape. In some embodiments, the walls 105, 106 forming the groove have straight edges. In some embodiments, the walls 105, 106 forming the groove have straight edges. In some embodiments, the window 101 is on the anterior surface of the lens body 102, 103. In some embodiments, the groove 104 is on the posterior surface of the lens body 102, 103.

[0206] 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a soft contact lens with a window. In some embodiments, soft contact lens body 202, 203 includes window 201. In some embodiments, walls 204, 205 forming the window have a conical shape. In some embodiments, walls 204, 205 forming the window have a frustum shape. In some embodiments, the window has a front opening with a diameter substantially similar to the rear opening of the window.

[0207] 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a soft contact lens with a groove. In some embodiments, the soft contact lens includes a groove 303. In some embodiments, the anterior surface 301 of the soft contact lens 302 does not include a groove. In some embodiments, the anterior surface 301 of the soft contact lens 302 does not include a window. In some embodiments, the posterior surface 304 of the soft contact lens 302 includes the groove 303. In some embodiments, the wall 305 forming the groove 303 has a rounded shape.

[0208] 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a soft contact lens with a window. In some embodiments, window 401 is central to lens bodies 402 and 403. In some embodiments, walls 404, 405 forming the window have a conical shape. In some embodiments, walls 404, 405 forming the window are substantially hourglass shaped. In some embodiments, the front opening of the window exhibits a diameter substantially similar to the rear opening of the window.

[0209] 5 shows a mold design for a soft contact lens with a window. In some embodiments, the front opening of the window exhibits a diameter substantially similar to the rear opening of the window. In some embodiments, a first mold 501 and a second mold 502 are combined to create the window in the lens body 503, 504.

[0210] 6 shows a cross-sectional view of a soft contact lens with a window. In some embodiments, window 601 is in the center of lens bodies 602 and 603. In some embodiments, walls 604, 605 forming the window are rounded in shape.

[0211] 7 shows a mold design for a soft contact lens with a window. In some embodiments, a first mold 701 and a second mold 702 are combined to create windows in the lens bodies 703, 704.

[0212] Methods for creating different material properties One aspect of the present disclosure is a method of preparing a soft contact lens for correcting refractive error of an eye, the method comprising forming a soft contact lens comprising an inner portion and a peripheral portion, the inner portion having material properties different from the material properties of the peripheral portion.

[0213] In some embodiments, the material properties of the inner portion are higher than the material properties of the peripheral portion. In some embodiments, the material properties of the inner portion are imparted by additional curing, polymerization, crosslinking, or a combination thereof to the inner portion relative to the peripheral portion. In some embodiments, the inner portion has a higher crosslink density than the peripheral portion.

[0214] In some embodiments, the material properties of the inner portion and the peripheral portion include stiffness, elasticity, tensile modulus, or compressive modulus.

[0215] In some embodiments, the soft contact lens has a uniform tensile modulus. In some embodiments, the lens material (i.e., the material of the soft contact lens) has a tensile modulus in the range of about 0.1 to about 10 MPa, such that the lens at least partially accommodates astigmatism or higher-order aberrations. In some embodiments, the lens material has a tensile modulus that is at least about 0.1 megapascals (MPa), at least 0.2 MPa, at least 0.3 MPa, at least 0.4 MPa, at least 0.5 MPa, at least 0.6 MPa, at least 0.7 MPa, at least 0.8 MPa, at least 0.9 MPa, at least 1 MPa, at least 1.1 MPa, at least 1.2 MPa, at least 1.3 MPa, at least 1.4 MPa, at least 1.5 MPa, at least 1.6 MPa, at least 1.7 MPa, at least 1.8 MPa, at least 1.9 MPa, at least 2 MPa, at least 2.1 MPa, at least 2.2 MPa, at least 2.3 MPa, at least 2.4 MPa, at least 2.5 MPa, at least 2.6 MPa, at least 2.7 MPa, at least 2.8 MPa, at least 2.9 MPa, at least 3 MPa, at least 4 MPa, at least 5 MPa, at least 6 MPa, at least 7 MPa, at least 8 MPa, at least 9 MPa, at least 10 MPa, or at least more. In some embodiments, the tensile modulus is at most about 10 MPa, at most 9 MPa, at most 8 MPa, at most 7 MPa, at most 6 MPa, at most 5 MPa, at most 4 MPa, at most 3 MPa, at most 2.9 MPa, at most 2.8 MPa, at most 2.7 MPa, at most 2.6 MPa, at most 2.5 MPa, at most 2.4 MPa, at most 2.3 MPa, at most 2.2 MPa, at most 2.1 MPa, at most 2 MPa, at most 1.9 MPa, at most 1.8 MPa, at most 1.7 MPa, at most 1.6 MPa, at most 1.5 MPa, at most 1.4 MPa, at most 1.3 MPa, at most 1.2 MPa, at most 1.1 MPa, at most 1 MPa, at most 0.9 MPa, at most 0.8 MPa, at most 0.7 MPa, at most 0.6 MPa, at most 0.5 MPa, at most 0.4 MPa, at most 0.3 MPa, at most 0.2 MPa, at most 0.1 MPa, or less.In some embodiments, the cover / lens material has a tensile modulus within a range defined by any two of the foregoing values. In some embodiments, the cover / lens material has a tensile modulus of about 0.1 MPa to about 4 MPa. In some embodiments, the tensile modulus of at least one of the inner portion or the peripheral portion ranges from about 0.1 megapascals (MPa) to about 4 MPa. In some embodiments, the tensile modulus of the inner portion ranges from about 0.1 megapascals (MPa) to about 4 MPa. In some embodiments, the tensile modulus of the peripheral portion ranges from about 0.1 megapascals (MPa) to about 4 MPa.

[0216] In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile modulus of the inner portion to the tensile modulus of the peripheral portion is about 10:1 to about 1:10. In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile modulus of the inner portion to the tensile modulus of the peripheral portion is about 3:1 to about 1:3. In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile modulus of the inner portion to the tensile modulus of the peripheral portion is about 2:1 to about 1:2. In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile modulus of the inner portion to the tensile modulus of the peripheral portion is about 1:1.

[0217] In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile strength of the inner portion to the tensile strength of the peripheral portion is about 10:1 to about 1:10. In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile strength of the inner portion to the tensile strength of the peripheral portion is about 3:1 to about 1:3. In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile strength of the inner portion to the tensile strength of the peripheral portion is about 2:1 to about 1:2. In some embodiments, the ratio of the tensile strength of the inner portion to the tensile strength of the peripheral portion is about 1:1.

[0218] In some embodiments, the inner portion is formed by curing, polymerizing, crosslinking, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, curing comprises applying heat, ultraviolet light, electromagnetic energy, or moisture, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, curing comprises applying heat. In some embodiments, curing comprises applying ultraviolet light. In some embodiments, curing comprises applying electromagnetic energy. In some embodiments, curing comprises applying moisture.

[0219] In some embodiments, the inner portion has a cross-linking initiator during formation. In some embodiments, the cross-linking initiator is activatable by heat, ultraviolet light, electromagnetic energy, or moisture, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the cross-linking initiator is activatable by heat. In some embodiments, the cross-linking initiator is activatable by ultraviolet light. In some embodiments, the cross-linking initiator is activatable by electromagnetic energy. In some embodiments, the cross-linking initiator is activatable by moisture.

[0220] In some embodiments, the method includes covering a portion of the lens such that the portion is subjected to less heat, ultraviolet light, electromagnetic energy, or moisture, or a combination thereof, than the uncovered portion.

[0221] In some embodiments, the method includes covering a portion of the lens, thereby allowing the uncovered portion to be selectively cured, polymerized, or crosslinked.

[0222] In some embodiments, the masking lens comprises a hydrogel. In some embodiments, the masking lens comprises a silicone hydrogel.

[0223] In some embodiments, the surface is coated. In some embodiments, the coating improves the lubricity of the lens. In some embodiments, improved lubricity improves wearer comfort. In some embodiments, the coating has a thickness sufficient to smooth the edges of the window or groove. In some embodiments, the thickness is from about 1 μm to about 5 μm. In some embodiments, the thickness is at least about 1 μm, 2 μm, 3 μm, 4 μm, 5 μm, or more. In some embodiments, the thickness is at most about 5 μm, 4 μm, 3 μm, 2 μm, 1 μm, or less.

[0224] While it may be advantageous to use a single material in the construction of a soft contact lens, having other material properties, such as different stiffness or elasticity, in different regions may serve to improve the function of the lens.

[0225] In some embodiments, a soft contact lens comprises a central region and a peripheral region. In some embodiments, the central region may be cured, polymerized, or crosslinked so that the central region has a higher Young's modulus than the peripheral region. Such curing may be achieved by crosslinking using energy such as heat, ultraviolet light, or other electromagnetic energy sources. Additionally or alternatively, the material may be crosslinked by moisture. An increase in modulus may be achieved by providing more crosslinking stimulus to the central region than to the periphery. Additionally or alternatively, an increase in modulus may be achieved by adding more crosslinking initiator to the central region than to the peripheral region. The initiator may be activated by heat, ultraviolet light, or other electromagnetic energy sources. Additionally or alternatively, the initiator may be activated by moisture. The activation method for the added initiator may be the same as or different from the activation method for the bulk material. Increasing the energy and / or increasing the initiator concentration may result in an increased crosslink density in the central region, which may result in a higher modulus. If the central region is stiffer than the peripheral region, the lens may have an increased ability to arch over steeper portions of the cornea. Additionally or alternatively, thinner lenses may be possible that perform similarly to lenses with increased thickness but lower modulus. A softer periphery may reduce shape irregularities transmitted by the cornea at the periphery of the lens to the center of the lens. In another embodiment, the center may have a similar thickness and / or stiffening, but less stiffening at the periphery can accomplish the same goal. Therefore, fixtures that can selectively stiffen different regions are advantageous in the manufacturing process.

[0226] In some embodiments, the fixture may be positioned so that energy (e.g., ultraviolet light) is selectively directed toward one region of the lens (e.g., the center) over other regions of the lens (e.g., the periphery). In other embodiments, an energy source is used that is projected at a higher intensity toward a particular region (e.g., the center) and at a lower intensity toward other regions (e.g., the periphery).

[0227] In some embodiments, selective hardening targets the area of ​​the junction between the central region of the lens and the peripheral region of the lens, causing the junction to be less hardened than adjacent areas.

[0228] It can be advantageous to use materials that are compatible with such processes, such as hydrogels, silicone hydrogels, and silicone elastomers.

[0229] In some embodiments, the masking lenses may include hydrogel and silicone hydrogel coatings that, through differential curing, can provide uniform posterior surface chemistry even when the lens has non-uniform chemistry. The coatings may aid in lens lubrication, thereby improving comfort. Additionally, the coatings may be thick enough (e.g., 1-5 μm) to smooth potentially rough edges of windows and grooves.

[0230] In some embodiments, masking lenses are designed using either grooves or windows, or both, that allow fluid movement between the anterior and posterior regions of the lens. After blinking, fluid rapidly flows out of the anterior region of the lens, such as the anterior tear film or tear meniscus, causing the region of the lens covering the steeper region of the cornea to arch over the cornea. It has been found that when one or more window holes are conical or round, better fluid movement can occur if the opening of one or more windows to the anterior surface of the lens has a wider diameter than the opening toward the groove on the posterior side of the lens or any other window opening in the lens. It has also been found that for grooves of similar cross-sectional area, fluid can flow better if the groove is rounded so that the bottom of the groove on the posterior surface of the eye is wider than the bottom inside the lens. Mold designs for creating such groove and window designs are also provided.

[0231] definition Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. As used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. References to "or" herein are intended to include "and / or" unless expressly stated otherwise. Furthermore, it will be understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising," as used herein, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or additional of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. As used herein, the term "and / or" may be abbreviated as " / " to refer to any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0232] Spatially relative terms such as "below," "below," "lower," "upper," and the like may be used herein to describe the relationship of one element or feature to another element(s) or feature(s), as shown in the figures. It will be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to encompass various orientations of the device during use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures were inverted, elements described as "below" or "directly below" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term "below" can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may also be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptors used herein will be interpreted accordingly. Similarly, terms such as "upward," "downward," "vertical," "horizontal," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only, unless otherwise noted.

[0233] As used herein, the terms "first" and "second" may be used to describe various features / elements (including steps), but these features / elements should not be limited by these terms unless the context indicates otherwise. These terms may be used to distinguish one feature / element from another. Thus, a first feature / element discussed below could be referred to as a second feature / element, and similarly, a second feature / element discussed below could be referred to as a first feature / element without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure.

[0234] Throughout this specification and the claims that follow, unless the context otherwise requires, the word "comprise," and variations such as "comprises" and "comprising," refer to the ability of various components to be used together in methods and articles (e.g., compositions and apparatuses, including devices and methods). For example, the term "comprising" means the inclusion of any listed elements or steps, but does not imply the exclusion of any other elements or steps.

[0235] When the term "at least," "greater than," or "greater than or equal to" precedes the first number in a series of two or more numbers, the term "at least," "greater than," or "greater than or equal to" applies to each number in the series. For example, 1, 2, or 3 or more is the same as 1 or more, 2 or more, or 3 or more.

[0236] If the term "no more than," "less than," "less than or equal to," or "at most" precedes the first number in a series of two or more numbers, then the term "no more than," "less than," "less than or equal to," or "at most" applies to each number in the series. For example, 3, 2, or 1 or less is the same as 3 or less, 2 or less, or 1 or less.

[0237] When values ​​are described as ranges, it is understood that such disclosure includes disclosure of all possible subranges within such ranges, as well as specific numerical values ​​that fall within such ranges, whether or not a specific numerical value or specific subrange is explicitly stated.

[0238] As used in this specification and claims, including in the examples, and unless expressly stated otherwise, all numerical values ​​can be read as if preceded by the word "about" or "approximately," even if that term is not explicitly indicated. The phrase "about" or "approximately" can be used when describing a size and / or location to indicate that the described value and / or location is within a reasonably expected range of value and / or location. For example, a numerical value may have a value of + / - 0.1% of the stated value (or range of values), + / - 1% of the stated value (or range of values), + / - 2% of the stated value (or range of values), + / - 5% of the stated value (or range of values), + / - 10% of the stated value (or range of values), etc. Any numerical value given herein should be understood to include that value or an approximation thereof, unless the context indicates otherwise. For example, if the numerical value "10" is disclosed, "about 10" is also disclosed. Any numerical ranges described herein are intended to include all subranges within that range. When a numerical value is disclosed, it is understood that "less than or equal to" that value, "greater than or equal to" that value, and possible ranges between those values ​​are also disclosed, as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. For example, if a value "X" is disclosed, not only "less than or equal to X" but also "greater than or equal to X" (e.g., X is a number) are disclosed. It is also understood that throughout this application, data is provided in multiple formats, and this data represents endpoints and starting points, and ranges for any combination of data points. For example, if a specific data point "10" and a specific data point "15" are disclosed, then greater than, greater than, less than, less than, less than, equal to, and equal to 10 and 15, as well as 10 and 15, are considered to be disclosed. It is also understood that each unit between two specified units is disclosed. For example, if 10 and 15 are disclosed, then 11, 12, 13, and 14 are also disclosed.

[0239] Many of the features of the present disclosure are described in relation to the anatomical structure of a subject's eye. The eye includes several tissues that enable a subject or individual to see. The subject may be an animal. The subject may be a human, such as a human patient. The subject may require vision treatment, such as treatment for one or more refractive errors of the eye, such as myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, coma, or other optical aberrations. The cornea of ​​the eye is located in the anterior region of the eye and, in healthy eyes, is transparent. In combination with the eye's natural lens, it refracts light and focuses it on the retina. The retina is located in the posterior region of the eye and senses light focused thereon, sending signals indicative of the focused light to the brain, which forms an image based on the sensed, focused light. The cornea includes an outer layer of tissue called the epithelium, which protects the underlying tissues of the cornea, such as Bowman's membrane, stroma, and nerve fibers extending to the stroma and Bowman's membrane. A healthy eye includes a tear film disposed on top of the epithelium. The tear film can smooth out small irregularities in the epithelium, providing an optically smooth surface. The tear film is largely shaped by the underlying epithelium, stroma, and the shape of Bowman's membrane (if present). The tear film contains a liquid composed primarily of water, but also contains additional components such as mucoids and lipids. Many nerve fibers in the cornea provide sensations that facilitate blinking and allow the tear film to coat the cornea. Nerve fibers also sense pain, so subjects typically avoid trauma to the cornea and direct contact with the cornea.

[0240] The present disclosure relates to contact lenses for the treatment of refractive errors. Eyes with refractive errors (such as patients) often experience reduced vision, including blurred or distorted vision, due to an inability to focus light on the retina. Common refractive errors include, but are not limited to, myopia (near-sightedness), hyperopia (far-sightedness), presbyopia, and astigmatism. Astigmatism is often associated with an irregularly shaped cornea, where the aspheric curvature or change in curvature of the cornea causes light rays to focus at different points on the retina. In some cases, astigmatism may be associated with other ocular conditions, such as keratoconus, corneal lesions, scars, previous corneal surgery, or other refractive errors. In some cases, refractive errors are composed of higher-order aberrations (e.g., third order or higher) that are difficult to correct with cylindrical or spherical correction. These higher-order aberrations include, but are not limited to, corneal coma, trefoil aberration, and spherical aberration.

[0241] Example Having now generally described embodiments of the present disclosure, they will be more readily understood by reference to the following examples, which are included solely for the purpose of illustrating certain aspects and embodiments of the disclosure and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.

[0242] Example 1: No correction Provided herein is a use case in which a subject suffering from an optical aberration of the eye does not receive correction for the optical aberration of the eye. The subject may suffer from one or more of the following optical aberrations: astigmatism, myopia, presbyopia, spherical aberration, coma aberration, and trefoil aberration. As a result of the optical aberration and the lack of further correction, the wearer experiences one or more of the following symptoms: decreased visual acuity, visual fatigue, decreased visual quality, headache, eye strain, squinting, etc. The subject experiences a decrease in quality of life due to the lack of proper correction for the optical aberration of the eye.

[0243] Example 2: Toric Lens Correction A use case is provided herein in which a subject suffers from astigmatism and is overcorrected. In this case, the subject is fitted with toric lenses. During fitting, it is important to consider the cause of the subject's astigmatism. Causes of astigmatism may include corneal astigmatism, refractive astigmatism, and residual astigmatism. Depending on the cause of astigmatism, it may be difficult to substantially completely correct the optical power. In this case, the subject needs to correct 1.5D of astigmatism. The subject is fitted and prescribed 2.0D toric lenses. Uncorrected (e.g., overcorrected) astigmatism is associated with decreased visual acuity, visual fatigue, and decreased visual quality. Specific symptoms may include double vision, halos, and ghosting. The subject may be dissatisfied with the toric lenses and is seeking an alternative solution.

[0244] Example 3: Correction with multifocal lenses Provided herein is a use case for a subject suffering from presbyopia who is overcorrected for presbyopia. In this case, the subject is fitted with multifocal contact lenses. Because a single contact lens contains multiple powers, vision may not be as clear as with glasses or single-vision contact lenses. Obtaining the correct optical power strong enough for reading without adversely affecting farsightedness can be difficult. Uncorrected (e.g., overcorrected) presbyopia is associated with decreased visual acuity, visual fatigue, and reduced visual quality. Specific symptoms may include blurred vision, halos, and eye strain. The subject may be dissatisfied with the multifocal contact lenses and is seeking an alternative solution.

[0245] Example 4: Correction with lenses having arcuate portions and special features Provided herein are non-limiting descriptions of particular embodiments of soft contact lenses having arcuate portions and special features that are worn by a wearer who may suffer from any one or more of the following optical aberrations: astigmatism, myopia, presbyopia, spherical aberration, coma, and trefoil aberration.

[0246] In some cases, the contact lens includes an arcuate portion and a special feature, where the special feature is a toric feature. The arcuate portion provides vision correction by allowing tears to fill the gap between the arcuate portion and the cornea. The tears fill the space through windows and grooves on the back of the contact lens, aiding tear flow. The toric feature provides vision correction through weighted sections for cylinder correction. A wearer may have 1.25D of astigmatism. The arcuate portion provides 1.0D of astigmatism correction, and the special feature provides 0.25D of astigmatism correction. In some cases, the arcuate portion provides the majority of the astigmatism correction. In some cases, the toric feature provides fine-tuning of the astigmatism correction.

[0247] In some cases, the contact lens comprises an arcuate portion and a special feature, wherein the special feature is a multifocal feature. The arcuate portion provides vision correction by allowing tears to fill the gap between the arcuate portion and the cornea. The tears fill the space through windows and grooves on the back of the contact lens, aiding tear flow. The multifocal feature provides vision correction through multiple focal zones, each with a different refractive power. A wearer may suffer from both astigmatism and presbyopia. A wearer may suffer from astigmatism, presbyopia, and myopia. The arcuate portion provides astigmatism correction. The multifocal feature provides presbyopia and / or myopia correction.

[0248] In some cases, the number of lenses required for an individual wearer to fully correct optical aberrations is reduced. In some cases, the need to wear multifocal spectacles with astigmatism-correcting contact lenses is eliminated.

[0249] Numbered Embodiments Provided herein are numbered embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0250] Embodiment 1. A soft contact lens for correcting refractive error of the eye, the soft contact lens comprising an arcuate portion and special features.

[0251] Embodiment 2. The soft contact lens of embodiment 1, wherein a portion of the special feature and a portion of the arcuate portion overlap in the optic portion of the soft contact lens.

[0252] Embodiment 3. A soft contact lens according to embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the special feature and the arcuate portion do not overlap.

[0253] Embodiment 4. The soft contact lens of any one of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the soft contact lens comprises a continuum (e.g., one piece).

[0254] Embodiment 5. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the soft contact lens is made from a single material.

[0255] Embodiment 6. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the single material comprises a hydrogel.

[0256] Embodiment 7. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 6, wherein the single material comprises silicone.

[0257] Embodiment 8. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the single material comprises a silicone hydrogel.

[0258] Embodiment 9. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 8, wherein the special features include multifocal features.

[0259] Embodiment 10. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 9, wherein the multifocal feature comprises a bifocal feature, a trifocal feature, or a progressive feature.

[0260] Embodiment 11. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the multifocal feature comprises an aspheric multifocal feature.

[0261] Embodiment 12. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 11, wherein the multifocal feature comprises a concentric multifocal feature.

[0262] Embodiment 13. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 12, wherein the multifocal feature comprises a segmented multifocal feature.

[0263] Embodiment 14. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 13, wherein the multifocal feature is configured to correct presbyopia.

[0264] Embodiment 15. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 14, wherein the multifocal feature provides a correction ranging from about -6 diopters (D) to about +6D.

[0265] Embodiment 16. The multifocal feature is at least about -6 diopters (D), -5.75D, -5.5D, -5.25D, -5D, -4.75D, -4.5D, -4.25D, -4D, -3.75D, -3.5D, -3.25D, -3D, -2.75D, -2.5D, -2.25D, -2D, -1.75D, -1.5D, -1.25D, -1D, -0.75D, -0.5D, -0.25D, +0. 16. The soft contact lens of any one of embodiments 1-15, providing a correction of 25D, +0.5D, +0.75D, +1D, +1.25D, +1.5D, +1.75D, +2D, +2.25D, +2.5D, +2.75D, +3D, +3.25D, +3.5D, +4D, +4.25D, +4.5D, +4.75D, +5D, +5.25D, +5.5D, +5.75D, or +6D.

[0266] Embodiment 17. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 16, wherein the multifocal feature provides at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total optical power correction.

[0267] Embodiment 18. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 17, wherein the multifocal feature is in the anterior portion of the soft contact lens.

[0268] Embodiment 19. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 18, wherein the special features include toric features.

[0269] Embodiment 20. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 19, wherein the toric feature comprises a prism ballast, a periballast, a back toric element, or a thin zone design, or a combination thereof.

[0270] Embodiment 21. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 20, wherein the toric feature is located in the peripheral portion of the soft contact lens.

[0271] Embodiment 22. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 21, wherein the toric feature provides a cylindrical power correction.

[0272] Embodiment 23. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 22, wherein the cylindrical power correction is provided by a toric feature and a tear lens formed between the arcuate portion and the cornea.

[0273] Embodiment 24. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 23, wherein the toric features provide a correction ranging from about -4D to about +4D.

[0274] Embodiment 25. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 24, wherein the toric features provide at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total refractive power correction.

[0275] Embodiment 26. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 25, wherein the toric features provide at least a portion of the cylindrical power correction.

[0276] Embodiment 27. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 26, wherein the toric features provide at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total cylindrical power correction.

[0277] Embodiment 28. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 27, wherein the arched portion is configured to arch over a portion of the cornea.

[0278] Embodiment 29. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 28, wherein a portion of the arcuate portion is within the optical portion of the soft contact lens.

[0279] Embodiment 30. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 29, wherein the arched portion is configured to be suspended above the cornea when worn on the eye.

[0280] Embodiment 31. A soft contact lens described in any one of embodiments 1 to 30, wherein the arched portion is configured to form a free volume between the cornea and the posterior surface of the soft contact lens when worn on the eye.

[0281] Embodiment 32. A soft contact lens described in any one of embodiments 1 to 31, wherein the arched portion is configured to form a free volume between the arched portion and the cornea when worn on the eye.

[0282] Embodiment 33. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 32, configured such that when worn on the eye, the free volume is filled with fluid to form a tear lens on the cornea.

[0283] Embodiment 34. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 33, wherein the tear lens provides correction for refractive errors of the eye (e.g., astigmatism).

[0284] Embodiment 35. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 34, wherein the arched portion is configured to correct the refractive error of the eye regardless of the direction of rotation.

[0285] Embodiment 36. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 35, wherein the arcuate portion provides a correction ranging from about -4D to about +4D.

[0286] Embodiment 37. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 36, wherein the arcuate portion provides at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total refractive power correction.

[0287] Embodiment 38. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 37, wherein the arcuate portion provides at least some cylindrical correction.

[0288] Embodiment 39. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 38, wherein the arcuate portion provides at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total cylindrical correction.

[0289] Embodiment 40. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 39, wherein the arcuate portion provides a first portion of the total power correction and the special feature portion provides a second portion of the total power correction.

[0290] Embodiment 41. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 40, wherein the arcuate portion provides a first portion of the total cylindrical correction and the special feature portion provides a second portion of the total cylindrical correction.

[0291] Embodiment 42. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 41, wherein the arcuate portion provides correction of the refractive error of the eye in combination with the tear lens formed when the soft contact lens is worn on the eye.

[0292] Embodiment 43. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 42, wherein the tear lens provides a third portion of the total refractive power correction.

[0293] Embodiment 44. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 43, wherein the tear lens provides at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total cylindrical power correction.

[0294] Embodiment 45. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 44, wherein the soft contact lens comprises a window.

[0295] Embodiment 46. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 45, wherein when worn on the eye, the window fluidly connects the tear film to the lenticular volume.

[0296] Embodiment 47. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 46, having grooves.

[0297] Embodiment 48. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 47, wherein the groove fluidly connects the window to the lenticular volume when worn on the eye.

[0298] Embodiment 49. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 48, wherein the peripheral portion of the soft contact lens is configured to conform to the surface of the eye when worn on the eye.

[0299] Embodiment 50. A soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 49, wherein the arcuate portion and the peripheral portion have the same modulus of elasticity.

[0300] Embodiment 51. A method for correcting refractive error of the eye using a soft contact lens according to any one of embodiments 1 to 50.

[0301] Embodiment 52. A method for preparing a soft contact lens for correcting refractive error of the eye, comprising forming a window from the anterior surface to the posterior surface of the soft contact lens.

[0302] Embodiment 53. The method of embodiment 52, wherein the wall forming the window has a conical shape.

[0303] Embodiment 54. The method of embodiment 52 or 53, wherein the wall forming the window has a rounded shape.

[0304] Embodiment 55. A method according to any one of embodiments 52 to 54, wherein the window is formed so that the window opening to the front surface has a wider diameter than the window opening to the rear surface.

[0305] Embodiment 56. The method of any one of embodiments 52 to 55, wherein a wider diameter window opening to the front surface improves fluid flow compared to a narrow diameter window opening to the front surface.

[0306] Embodiment 57. The method of any one of embodiments 52 to 56, further comprising forming a groove.

[0307] Embodiment 58. The method of any one of embodiments 52 to 57, wherein the groove is on the posterior surface of the masking lens.

[0308] Embodiment 59. The method of any one of embodiments 52 to 58, wherein the groove is formed to have a rounded surface.

[0309] Embodiment 60. A method according to any one of embodiments 52 to 59, wherein the groove has a base on the posterior surface that is wider than the cross section near the anterior surface of the lens.

[0310] Embodiment 61. The method of any one of embodiments 52 to 60, wherein the groove is formed by a mold.

[0311] Embodiment 62. The method of any one of embodiments 52 to 61, wherein the window is formed by a mold.

[0312] Embodiment 63. The method of any one of embodiments 52 to 62, wherein the surface is coated.

[0313] Embodiment 64. The method of any one of embodiments 52 to 63, wherein the coating improves the lubricity of the lens.

[0314] Embodiment 65. The method of any one of embodiments 52 to 64, wherein improved lubricity improves wearer comfort.

[0315] Embodiment 66. The method of any one of embodiments 52 to 65, wherein the coating has a thickness sufficient to smooth the edges of the window or groove.

[0316] Embodiment 67. The method of any one of embodiments 52 to 66, wherein the thickness is from about 1 μm to about 5 μm.

[0317] Embodiment 68. A method for preparing a soft contact lens for correcting refractive error of an eye, the method comprising forming a soft contact lens comprising an inner portion and a peripheral portion, the inner portion having material properties different from the material properties of the peripheral portion.

[0318] Embodiment 69. The method of embodiment 68, wherein the material properties of the inner portion are higher than the material properties of the peripheral portion.

[0319] Embodiment 70. The method of embodiment 68 or 69, wherein the material properties of the inner portion are imparted by additional curing, polymerization, crosslinking, or a combination thereof, to the inner portion relative to the surrounding portion.

[0320] Embodiment 71. The method of any one of embodiments 68-70, wherein the inner portion has a higher crosslink density than the peripheral portion.

[0321] Embodiment 72. The method of any one of embodiments 68 to 71, wherein the material properties of the inner portion and the material properties of the peripheral portion include stiffness, elasticity, tensile modulus, or compressive modulus.

[0322] Embodiment 73. The method of any one of embodiments 68-72, wherein the inner portion is formed by curing, polymerization, crosslinking, or a combination thereof.

[0323] Embodiment 74. The method of any one of embodiments 68-73, wherein curing comprises applying heat, ultraviolet light, electromagnetic energy, or moisture, or a combination thereof.

[0324] Embodiment 75. The method of any one of embodiments 68-74, wherein the inner portion has a cross-linking initiator during formation.

[0325] Embodiment 76. The method of any one of embodiments 68 to 75, wherein the crosslinking initiator is activatable by heat, ultraviolet light, electromagnetic energy, or moisture, or a combination thereof.

[0326] Embodiment 77. The method of any one of embodiments 68 to 76, comprising covering a portion of the lens, thereby causing that portion to receive less heat, ultraviolet light, electromagnetic energy, or moisture, or a combination thereof, than the uncovered portion.

[0327] Embodiment 78. The method of any one of embodiments 68 to 77, comprising covering a portion of the lens, thereby allowing the uncovered portion to be selectively cured, polymerized, or crosslinked.

[0328] Embodiment 79. The method of any one of embodiments 68 to 78, wherein the masking lens comprises a hydrogel.

[0329] Embodiment 80. The method of any one of embodiments 68 to 79, wherein the masking lens comprises a silicone hydrogel.

[0330] Embodiment 81. The method of any one of embodiments 68 to 80, wherein the surface is coated.

[0331] Embodiment 82. The method of any one of embodiments 68 to 81, wherein the coating improves the lubricity of the lens.

[0332] Embodiment 83. The method of any one of embodiments 68 to 82, wherein improved lubrication improves wearer comfort.

[0333] Embodiment 84. The method of any one of embodiments 68 to 83, wherein the coating has a thickness sufficient to smooth the edges of the window or groove.

[0334] Embodiment 85. The method of any one of embodiments 68 to 84, wherein the thickness is from about 1 μm to about 5 μm.

[0335] In the detailed description presented herein, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. In the drawings, like symbols typically identify like elements unless the context dictates otherwise. The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting. Other embodiments may be used, and other changes may be made, without departing from the scope of the subject matter presented herein. It will be readily understood that the aspects generally described in the present disclosure and illustrated in the figures can be arranged, substituted, combined, separated, and designed in a variety of different configurations, all of which are expressly contemplated herein.

[0336] Although specific embodiments and examples are disclosed below, the subject matter of the present invention extends beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments and / or uses, as well as modifications and equivalents thereof. Accordingly, the claims appended hereto are not limited by any of the specific embodiments described below. For example, in any method or process disclosed herein, the acts or operations of the method or process may be performed in any suitable order and are not necessarily limited to the particular order disclosed. Although various operations may be described sequentially as multiple separate operations in a manner that may be useful for understanding particular embodiments, the order of description should not be construed to imply that these operations are order-dependent. Furthermore, the structures, systems, and / or devices described herein may be implemented as integrated components or as separate components.

[0337] For purposes of comparing various embodiments, certain aspects and advantages of those embodiments are also described. Not necessarily all such aspects or advantages are achieved by any particular embodiment. Thus, for example, various embodiments may be practiced in a manner that achieves or optimizes one advantage or group of advantages taught herein without necessarily achieving other aspects or advantages that may be taught or suggested herein.

[0338] While preferred embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the present disclosure. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of the present disclosure described herein may be employed in practicing the present disclosure. The following claims define the scope of the present disclosure, and it is intended that methods and structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents be covered thereby.

Claims

1. A soft contact lens for correcting refractive errors of the eye, the soft contact lens comprising an arcuate portion and special features.

2. The soft contact lens of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the special feature and a portion of the arcuate portion overlap in the optic portion of the soft contact lens.

3. 3. The soft contact lens of claim 1, wherein the special feature and the arcuate portion do not overlap.

4. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the soft contact lens comprises a continuum (e.g., one piece).

5. The soft contact lens according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the soft contact lens is made of a single material.

6. The soft contact lens according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the single material comprises a hydrogel.

7. The soft contact lens according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the single material comprises silicone.

8. The soft contact lens according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the single material comprises a silicone hydrogel.

9. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the special features include multifocal features.

10. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the multifocal feature comprises a bifocal feature, a trifocal feature, or a progressive feature.

11. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the multifocal features comprise aspheric multifocal features.

12. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the multifocal features comprise concentric multifocal features.

13. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the multifocal features comprise segmented multifocal features.

14. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the multifocal feature is configured to correct presbyopia.

15. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the multifocal feature provides a correction ranging from about -6 diopters (D) to about +6D.

16. The multifocal feature may be at least about -6 diopters (D), -5.75D, -5.5D, -5.25D, -5D, -4.75D, -4.5D, -4.25D, -4D, -3.75D, -3.5D, -3.25D, -3D, -2.75D, -2.5D, -2.25D, -2D, -1.75D, -1.5D, -1.25D, -1D, -0.75D, -0.5D, -0.25D, +0.25 16. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 15, providing a correction of +0.0D, +0.5D, +0.75D, +1D, +1.25D, +1.5D, +1.75D, +2D, +2.25D, +2.5D, +2.75D, +3D, +3.25D, +3.5D, +4D, +4.25D, +4.5D, +4.75D, +5D, +5.25D, +5.5D, +5.75D, or +6D.

17. 17. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1-16, wherein the multifocal features provide at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total optical power correction.

18. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the multifocal feature is in the anterior portion of the soft contact lens.

19. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the special features include toric features.

20. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the toric feature comprises a prismatic ballast, a periballast, a back toric element, or a thin zone design, or a combination thereof.

21. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the toric feature is located in a peripheral portion of the soft contact lens.

22. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the toric feature provides a cylindrical power correction.

23. 23. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the cylindrical power correction is provided by the toric feature and a tear lens formed between the arcuate portion and the cornea.

24. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein the toric features provide a range of correction from about -4D to about +4D.

25. 25. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1-24, wherein the toric features provide at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total optical power correction.

26. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 25, wherein the toric feature provides at least a portion of a cylindrical power correction.

27. 27. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1-26, wherein the toric features provide at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total cylindrical power correction.

28. 28. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein the arched portion is configured to arch over a portion of the cornea.

29. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 28, wherein a portion of the arcuate portion is within the optic portion of the soft contact lens.

30. 30. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 29, wherein the arcuate portion is configured to be suspended over the cornea when worn on the eye.

31. 31. The soft contact lens of claim 1, wherein the arched portion is configured to form a free volume between the cornea and the posterior surface of the soft contact lens when worn on the eye.

32. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 31, wherein the arched portion is configured to form a free volume between the arched portion and the cornea when worn on the eye.

33. 33. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 32, configured such that when worn on the eye, the free volume fills with fluid to form a tear lens on the cornea.

34. A soft contact lens according to any one of claims 1 to 33, wherein the tear lens provides a correction for refractive error (e.g. astigmatism) of the eye.

35. A soft contact lens according to any one of claims 1 to 34, wherein the arcuate portion is configured to correct the refractive error of the eye regardless of the direction of rotation.

36. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 35, wherein the arcuate portion provides a correction ranging from about -4D to about +4D.

37. 37. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 36, wherein the arcuate portion provides at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total optical power correction.

38. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 36, wherein the arcuate portion provides at least some cylindrical correction.

39. 39. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1-38, wherein the arcuate portion provides at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total cylindrical correction.

40. 40. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 39, wherein the arcuate portion provides a first portion of the total power correction and the special feature provides a second portion of the total power correction.

41. 41. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 40, wherein the arcuate portion provides a first portion of a total cylindrical correction and the special feature provides a second portion of the total cylindrical correction.

42. 42. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 41, wherein the arcuate portion, in combination with the tear lens formed when the soft contact lens is worn on the eye, provides correction of refractive error of the eye.

43. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 42, wherein the tear lens provides a third portion of the total refractive power correction.

44. 44. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 43, wherein the tear lens provides at least about 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the total cylindrical power correction.

45. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 44, wherein the soft contact lens comprises a window.

46. 46. ​​The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 45, wherein when worn on the eye, the window fluidly connects the tear film to the lenticular volume.

47. A soft contact lens according to any one of claims 1 to 46, comprising grooves.

48. 48. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 47, wherein the groove fluidly connects the window to the lenticular volume when worn on the eye.

49. A soft contact lens according to any one of claims 1 to 48, wherein a peripheral portion of the soft contact lens is configured to conform to the surface of the eye when worn on the eye.

50. The soft contact lens of any one of claims 1 to 49, wherein the arcuate portion and the peripheral portion have the same modulus of elasticity.

51. A method for correcting refractive errors of the eye using a soft contact lens according to any one of claims 1 to 50.

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