Wireless communication methods and equipment

Abstract

A wireless communication method and apparatus, the method comprising a transmitting device transmitting a preamble signal and a target signal, wherein the preamble signal precedes the target signal, and the preamble signal is used to indicate that the target receiving device of the target signal is an environmental energy AMP device.

Description

Technical Field

[0005]

[0001] Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications, and more specifically, to wireless communication methods and devices.

Background Art

[0002] Based on the characteristics of low complexity, low power consumption, low cost, and maintenance-free of devices in the network of ambient energy devices (Ambient power enabled IoT (AMP), abbreviated as Ambient IoT or AMP IoT), large-scale deployment is considered. However, due to the significant difference in capabilities between AMP devices and legacy devices in a communication system, how to achieve the coexistence of AMP devices and legacy devices is an urgent problem to be solved.

Summary of the Invention

Means for Solving the Problems

[0003] The present application provides a wireless communication method and device, and can realize the coexistence of AMP devices and legacy devices in a communication system.

[0004] In a first aspect, a wireless communication method is provided, which includes that a transmitting device transmits a preamble signal and a target signal, the preamble signal is before the target signal, and the preamble signal is used to indicate that the target receiving device of the target signal is an ambient energy AMP device.

[0005] In a second aspect, a wireless communication method is provided, which includes that a transmitting device transmits a target signal, a time domain resource for transmitting a preamble signal is reserved before the target signal, and the target receiving device of the target signal is an ambient energy AMP device.

[0006] A third embodiment provides a wireless communication method, the wireless communication method comprising: a receiving device receiving a preamble signal transmitted by a transmitting device, wherein the receiving device is not an environmental energy amplifier (AMP) device; and determining, based on the preamble signal, whether the target receiving device for a signal following the preamble signal is an AMP device.

[0007] In the fourth aspect, a transmitting device is provided that is configured to perform any one of the first to second aspects described above, or the method in each of their implementations.

[0008] Specifically, the transmitting device includes a functional module configured to perform the method in any one of the first to second embodiments described above or in each of their implementations.

[0009] In the fifth aspect, a receiving device is provided that is configured to perform the method in the third aspect or each of its implementations.

[0010] Specifically, the receiving device includes a functional module configured to perform the method in the third embodiment or each of its implementations described above.

[0011] In the sixth aspect, a transmitting device is provided, including a processor and memory. The memory is configured to store computer programs, and the processor is configured to call and execute the computer programs stored in the memory to perform the methods in any one of the first to second aspects or each of their implementations.

[0012] In the seventh aspect, a receiving device is provided, including a processor and memory. The memory is configured to store computer programs, and the processor is configured to call and execute the computer programs stored in the memory to perform the methods in the third aspect or each of its implementations.

[0013] The eighth aspect provides a chip configured to implement any one of the first to third aspects or the methods in each of their implementations. Specifically, the chip includes a processor configured to call and execute a computer program from memory to cause the device on which the device is installed to execute any one of the first to third aspects or the methods in each of their implementations.

[0014] The ninth aspect provides a computer-readable storage medium in which a computer program is stored that causes a computer to execute any one of the first to third aspects described above or the methods in each of their implementations.

[0015] In the tenth aspect, a computer program product is provided that includes computer program instructions that cause a computer to execute any one of the first to third aspects described above or the methods in each of their implementations.

[0016] In the eleventh aspect, a computer program is provided that, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to execute one of the first to third aspects described above or a method in each of their implementations.

[0017] The above technical solution allows the transmitting device to send a preamble signal and a target signal, with the preamble signal indicating that the target receiving device of the subsequent target signal is an AMP device. This allows the legacy device to identify that the AMP device is occupying the channel, thus ensuring compatibility when AMP devices and legacy devices coexist in the communication system. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0018] [Figure 1] This is a schematic diagram of the communication system architecture according to an embodiment of this application. [Figure 2] This is a schematic diagram of a zero-power communication system according to an example of this application. [Figure 3] It is a schematic diagram of the principle of energy harvesting according to an example of this application. [Figure 4] It is a schematic diagram of the principle of backscatter communication according to an example of this application. [Figure 5] It is a circuit schematic diagram of resistance load modulation according to an example of this application. [Figure 6] It is a schematic interaction diagram of a wireless communication method according to an example of this application. [Figure 7] It is a schematic diagram of the format of an AMP frame according to an example of this application. [Figure 8] It is a schematic diagram of the format of another AMP frame according to an example of this application. [Figure 9] It is a schematic interaction diagram of another wireless communication method according to an example of this application. [Figure 10] It is a schematic diagram of the format of yet another AMP frame according to an example of this application. [Figure 11] It is a schematic block diagram of a transmitting device according to an example of this application. [Figure 12] It is a schematic block diagram of another transmitting device according to an example of this application. [Figure 13] It is a schematic block diagram of a receiving device according to an example of this application. <L [Figure 14] It is a schematic block diagram of a communication device according to an example of this application. [Figure 15] It is a schematic block diagram of a chip according to an example of this application. [Figure 16] It is a schematic block diagram of a communication system according to an example of this application.

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0019] In the following, the technical concepts of the embodiments of this application will be described with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of this application, but it is clear that the embodiments described are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments of the embodiments of this application that can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any creative effort are all within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application are applicable to various communication systems, such as Global System of Mobile communication (GSM) systems, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) systems, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, Advanced Long Term Evolution (LTE-A) systems, New Radio (NR) systems, NR system evolution systems, LTE-based access to unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) systems, NR-based access to unlicensed spectrum (NR-U) systems, Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) systems, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), and Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) systems. It can be applied to Fidelity, 5th generation (5G) communication systems, cellular mono network systems, cellular passive mono network systems, or other communication systems.

[0021] Typically, conventional communication systems support a limited number of connections, and implementation is relatively easy. However, with the advancement of communication technology, mobile communication systems support not only conventional communication but also, for example, device-to-device (D2D), machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-type communication (MTC), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. The embodiments of this application can also be applied to these communication systems.

[0022] Selectively, the communication system in the embodiment of this application may be applied to a carrier aggregation (CA) scenario, a dual connectivity (DC) scenario, or a standalone (SA) network scenario.

[0023] Selectively, the communication system in the embodiments of this application can be applied to an unlicensed spectrum, where the unlicensed spectrum can be considered a shared spectrum. Alternatively, the communication system in the embodiments of this application can be applied to a licensed spectrum, where the licensed spectrum can be considered a non-shared spectrum.

[0024] The embodiments of this application describe each embodiment in relation to network equipment and terminal equipment, where terminal equipment may also be called user equipment (UE), access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication equipment, user agent, or user device.

[0025] In the embodiments of this application, the network equipment may be equipment for communicating with mobile devices. The network equipment may be an access point (AP) in WLAN, a base station (BTS) in GSM or CDMA, a base station (NB) in WCDMA, an evolutionary base station (eNB or eNodeB) in LTE, a relay station or access point, in-vehicle equipment, wearable devices and network equipment (gNB) in NR networks, network equipment in cellular IoT, network equipment in cellular passive IoT, network equipment in future evolving PLMN networks, or network equipment in NTN networks, etc.

[0026] As an example, and not an limitation, in the embodiments of this application, the network equipment may have mobile characteristics; for example, the network equipment may be a mobile device. Optionally, the network equipment may be a satellite or a balloon station. For example, the satellite may be a low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite, a medium-earth orbit (MEO) satellite, a geostationary (GEO) satellite, a high-elliptical orbit (HEO) satellite, etc. Optionally, the network equipment may be a base station located on land, in a body of water, or elsewhere.

[0027] In embodiments of this application, network equipment can provide services to a cell, and terminal equipment communicates with the network equipment using the transmission resources (e.g., frequency domain resources or spectral resources) used by the cell. The cell may be a cell corresponding to network equipment (e.g., a base station). The cell may belong to a macro base station or to a base station corresponding to a small cell. The small cell here may include metro cells, micro cells, pico cells, femto cells, etc., which have a small coverage range and low transmission power and are suitable for providing high-rate data transmission services.

[0028] Terminal devices may be stations (ST) in a WLAN, cellular phones, cordless phones, SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) phones, Wireless Local Loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistant (PDA) devices, handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing devices or other processing devices connected to wireless modems, in-vehicle devices, wearable devices, terminal devices in next-generation communication systems such as NR networks, or terminal devices in future evolving public land mobile network (PLMN) networks, terminal devices in cellular IoT, terminal devices in cellular passive IoT, etc.

[0029] In the embodiments of this application, terminal devices can be located indoors or outdoors, on land including handheld, wearable or vehicle-mounted devices, on water (such as ships), or in the air (such as airplanes, balloons, and satellites).

[0030] In the embodiments of this application, the terminal device may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a computer with wireless transceiver functionality, a virtual reality (VR) terminal device, an augmented reality (AR) terminal device, a wireless terminal device in industrial control, a wireless terminal device in self-driving, a wireless terminal device in remote medical care, a wireless terminal device in a smart grid, a wireless terminal device in transportation safety, a wireless terminal device in a smart city, or a wireless terminal device in a smart home.

[0031] For illustrative purposes only, the embodiments of this application may include a wearable device. A wearable device, also known as a wearable smart device, is a general term for wearable devices such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes that are smartly designed for everyday wear using wearable technology. A wearable device is a portable device that is worn directly on the body or integrated into the user's clothing or accessories. Wearable devices are not only hardware devices but also achieve powerful functionality through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction. Wearable smart devices in a broad sense include smartwatches and smart glasses that are fully functional, large in size, and can perform all or part of their functions without relying on a smartphone, as well as various smart bracelets and smart accessories that perform physical condition monitoring and focus only on certain types of application functions and need to be used in conjunction with other devices such as smartphones.

[0032] Exemplary, a communication system 100 applicable to an embodiment of this application is shown in Figure 1. The communication system 100 may include a network device 110. The network device 110 may be a device that communicates with terminal devices 120 (or communication terminals, referred to as terminals). The network device 110 can provide communication coverage to a specific geographic area and communicate with terminal devices located within that coverage area.

[0033] Figure 1 illustrates one network device and two terminal devices. The communication system 100 may optionally include multiple network devices and may include other terminal devices within the coverage area of ​​each network device, but is not limited to the embodiments of this application.

[0034] The communication system 100 may optionally further include other network entities such as a network controller or a mobility management entity, but is not limited to the embodiments of this application.

[0035] It should be understood that in the embodiments of this application, devices having communication functions in the network / system can be called communication devices. Taking the communication system 100 shown in Figure 1 as an example, the communication devices may include network devices 110 and terminal devices 120 having communication functions, and the network devices 110 and terminal devices 120 may be the specific devices described above, which will not be repeated here. The communication devices may further include other devices in the communication system 100, such as network controllers and other network entities such as mobility management entities, and are not limited to the embodiments of this application.

[0036] It should be understood that the terms “system” and “network” as used herein are always interchangeable. The terms “and / or” as used herein simply describe the relationship between the related objects, indicating that three relationships are possible. For example, A and / or B can indicate three situations: A exists independently, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists independently. Furthermore, the symbol “ / ” as used herein generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an “or” relationship.

[0037] It should be understood that the “instruction” referred to in the embodiments of this application may be direct instruction, indirect instruction, or indicate a related relationship. For example, A instructing B may mean that A directly instructs B, for example, that B can be obtained by A; or A indirectly instructs B, for example, that A instructs C and B can be obtained by C; or it may indicate a related relationship between A and B.

[0038] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "correspondence" may indicate a direct or indirect correspondence between two things, or a related relationship between two things, and may also refer to a relationship such as indicating and being indicated, or composing and being composed.

[0039] In the embodiments of this application, “predefined” can be implemented by pre-storing corresponding codes, tables, or other means for indicating relevant information within the device (e.g., including terminal devices and network devices), and this application does not limit the specific implementation methods. For example, predefined may refer to those defined in a protocol.

[0040] In the embodiments of this application, the “protocol” may refer to, but is not limited to, standard protocols in the field of communications, including, for example, LTE protocols, NR protocols, and related protocols applicable to future communication systems.

[0041] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the relevant technologies of this application will be described.

[0042] 1. Zero-power communication Key technologies in zero-power communications include energy collection, backscatter communications, and low-power technologies.

[0043] As shown in Figure 2, a typical zero-power communication system (such as an RFID system) includes network equipment (such as an RFID system reader) and zero-power equipment (such as an electronic tag). The network equipment is used to transmit wireless power supply signals and downlink communication signals to the zero-power equipment and to receive backscatter signals from the zero-power equipment. Basic zero-power equipment includes an energy collection module, a backscatter communication module, and a low-power computing module. The zero-power equipment may also have memory or sensors to store some basic information (such as an item identifier) ​​and sensor data such as ambient temperature and ambient humidity.

[0044] For example, an energy collection module can collect energy carried by radio waves in space (shown in Figure 2 as radio waves transmitted from network equipment), drive a low-power computing module of a zero-power device, and enable backscatter communication. After acquiring energy, the zero-power device can receive control signaling from network equipment and, based on the control signaling, transmit data to the network equipment using a backscatter method. The transmitted data may be data stored in the zero-power device itself (such as an ID identifier, or pre-written information such as the product's manufacturing date, brand, and manufacturer). The zero-power device can be loaded with various sensors, thereby enabling it to report data collected by these sensors based on the zero-power mechanism. The following describes important technologies in zero-power communication.

[0045] 1. Radio frequency energy collection (RF Power Harvesting) As shown in Figure 3, the radio frequency energy collection module achieves collection of spatial electromagnetic wave energy based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, and further acquires the energy necessary to drive the operation of zero-power devices. For example, this energy is used to drive low-power demodulation and modulation modules, sensors, and memory readouts. Therefore, zero-power devices do not require conventional batteries.

[0046] 2. Backscattering As shown in Figure 4, zero-power equipment receives a carrier signal transmitted from network equipment, modulates the carrier signal, loads the information that needs to be transmitted, and radiates the modulated signal from the antenna. This information transmission process is called backscatter communication. Backscatter and load modulation functions are inseparable. Load modulation performs the modulation process by adjusting and controlling the circuit parameters of the zero-power equipment's oscillation circuit according to the rhythm of the data stream, thereby changing parameters such as the size of the zero-power equipment's impedance accordingly. Load modulation techniques mainly include two methods: resistive load modulation and capacitive load modulation. In resistive load modulation, the load is connected in parallel with a resistor, which is turned on or off based on the control of the binary data stream, as shown in Figure 5. The on / off switching of the resistor causes a change in the circuit voltage, thus enabling amplitude shift modulation (ASK), that is, signal modulation and transmission are achieved by adjusting the amplitude of the backscatter signal of the zero-power equipment. Similarly, in capacitor-load modulation, the resonant frequency of the circuit can be changed by switching the capacitor on and off, thereby achieving frequency-shifted modulation (FSK). In other words, signal modulation and transmission can be achieved by adjusting the operating frequency of the backscattered signal of zero-power equipment.

[0047] As can be seen from the above, zero-power devices perform information modulation on the carrier signal using a load modulation method, thereby realizing a backscatter communication process. Therefore, zero-power devices have the following significant advantages.

[0048] (1) Since it does not actively transmit signals, complex radio frequency links such as PAs and radio frequency filters are not required.

[0049] (2) Since there is no need to actively generate high-frequency signals, high-frequency crystal vibrations are unnecessary.

[0050] (3) Backscatter communication eliminates the need for the terminal itself to consume energy for transmitting terminal signals.

[0051] 3.Encoding technology Data transmitted by zero-power devices can use different forms of code to represent binary "1"s and "0s". Radio frequency identification systems typically use one of the following coding methods: non-zero-reverting (NRZ) coding, Manchester coding, unipolar zero-reverting coding, differential two-phase (DBP) coding, differential coding, pulse-interval coding (PIE), bidirectional spatial coding (FMO), Miller coding, and differential coding. Simply put, different coding techniques use different pulse signals to represent 0s and 1s.

[0052] In some scenarios, based on the energy source and usage method of the zero-power equipment, zero-power equipment can be classified into the following types:

[0053] 1. Passive Zero Power Equipment Zero-power devices (such as electronic tags in RFID systems) do not require a built-in battery. When a zero-power device is in close proximity to network equipment (such as readers in RFID systems), it is within the range of the near-field formed by the antenna radiation of the network equipment. As a result, the antenna of the zero-power device generates an induced current through electromagnetic induction. This induced current drives the low-power chip circuit of the zero-power device, enabling operations such as demodulation of the forward link signal and modulation of the reverse link (also called the reflected link). For backscatter links, zero-power devices transmit signals using a backscatter realization method.

[0054] As can be seen from the above, passive zero-power devices, whether forward-linked or reverse-linked, do not require an internal battery to operate and are truly zero-power devices.

[0055] Because passive zero-power devices do not require batteries, their radio frequency and baseband circuits are very simple, eliminating the need for devices such as low-noise amplifiers (LNAs), power amplifiers (PAs), crystal oscillators, and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). This results in many advantages, including smaller size, lighter weight, lower cost, and a longer service life.

[0056] Passive zero-power terminals can also support other energy collection methods, collecting energy from the environment (such as light energy, thermal energy, kinetic energy, and mechanical energy) to obtain the energy needed to drive circuits and support communication for terminal devices.

[0057] 2. Semi-passive zero-power equipment Semi-passive zero-power devices themselves do not have conventional batteries attached. They collect radio wave energy using an RF energy collection module or collect energy from the environment (solar energy, thermal energy, mechanical vibration energy, etc.) using an energy collection module, and store the collected energy in an energy storage unit (such as a capacitor). After the energy storage unit acquires energy, it drives the low-power chip circuit of the zero-power device, enabling operations such as demodulation of the forward link signal and modulation of the reverse link signal. For backscatter links, the zero-power device transmits signals using a backscatter realization method. Alternatively, the zero-power device can perform active transmission-type communication using a low-power transmitter based on the collected energy.

[0058] As can be seen from the above, semi-passive zero-power devices, whether with forward or reverse links, do not require an internal battery to operate. While they use energy stored in a capacitor during operation, this energy is obtained from radio wave energy collected by an energy collection module, making them truly zero-power devices.

[0059] Semi-passive zero-power devices inherit many of the advantages of passive zero-power devices, resulting in numerous benefits such as smaller size, lighter weight, lower cost, and longer service life.

[0060] 3. Active Zero Power Equipment Zero-power devices used in some scenarios may be active zero-power devices, and these devices may have a built-in battery. The battery powers the low-power chip circuitry of the zero-power device and is used to perform operations such as demodulation of forward link signals and modulation of reverse link signals. However, in backscatter links, zero-power devices transmit signals using a backscatter realization method. Therefore, the zero-power aspect of this type of device mainly refers to the fact that the terminal itself does not require power for signal transmission in the reverse link and uses a backscatter method.

[0061] Active zero-power terminals utilize a built-in battery to power the RFID chip, increasing the read / write distance and improving communication reliability. Therefore, they can be applied to scenarios with relatively high requirements regarding communication distance and read latency.

[0062] In some scenarios, zero-power devices can be classified into the following types based on the type of transmitter:

[0063] 1) Zero-power devices based on backscattering This type of zero-power device transmits uplink data using the aforementioned backscattering method. This type of zero-power device does not have an active transmitter that transmits actively, but only a backscattering transmitter. Therefore, when this type of zero-power device transmits data, network equipment needs to provide a carrier wave, and this type of zero-power device performs backscattering based on the carrier wave, thereby achieving data transmission.

[0064] 2) Zero-power devices based on active transmitters This type of zero-power device transmits uplink data using an active transmitter with active transmission capabilities. Therefore, when transmitting data, this type of zero-power device does not require network equipment to provide the carrier wave; it can transmit data using its own active transmitter. Suitable active transmitters for zero-power devices may include, for example, ultra-low power ASK or ultra-low power FSK transmitters. When transmitting a 100uW signal, the total power consumption can be reduced to 400-600uW.

[0065] 3) Zero-power equipment equipped with both a backscatter transmitter and an active transmitter. This type of zero-power device can support both backscatter and active transmitters. Depending on different circumstances (battery status, available ambient energy, etc.) or based on network equipment scheduling, this type of zero-power device can determine which signal transmission method to use, i.e., transmit signals using either an active or backscatter transmitter.

[0066] With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, existing IoT communication technologies cannot meet the needs of IoT communication in many scenarios. For example, 1. A challenging communication environment Some IoT scenarios may face extreme environments such as high temperatures, cryogenic temperatures, high humidity, high pressure, high radiation, or high-speed movement. Examples include ultra-high voltage substations, high-speed train track monitoring, high-temperature environment monitoring, and industrial production lines. In these scenarios, existing IoT devices cannot operate due to the limitations of operating environments restricted by conventional power sources. Furthermore, extreme operating environments are disadvantageous for IoT maintenance, such as battery replacement.

[0067] 2. Need for extremely small device form factors In several IoT communication scenarios, such as food traceability, product distribution, and smart wearables, terminals are required to be extremely small in size to facilitate use in these scenarios. For example, IoT terminals used for product management in the distribution process are typically embedded in product packaging in a very compact form, usually in the form of electronic tags. Another example is lightweight wearable devices, which can improve the user experience while meeting user needs.

[0068] 3. Extremely low-cost IoT communication needs In many IoT communication scenarios, the cost of IoT devices must be sufficiently low to enhance their competitiveness compared to other alternative technologies. For example, in logistics and warehouse management scenarios, IoT devices can be attached to each item to facilitate the management of large volumes of goods in circulation. This allows for precise management of the entire logistics process and its entire cycle through communication between the device and the logistics network. In these scenarios, IoT devices must be competitively priced.

[0069] Therefore, to meet these unmet IoT communication needs, it is necessary to develop ultra-low-cost, extremely small, battery-free / maintenance-free IoT devices even on cellular networks, and zero-power IoT can precisely meet these needs.

[0070] Zero-power Internet of Things (IoT) may also be called Ambient power enabled IoT (Ambient IoT or AMP IoT). Zero-power devices may also be called Ambient IoT devices or AMP IoT devices. Ambient IoT devices can refer to IoT devices that utilize various forms of environmental energy, such as radio frequency energy, light energy, solar energy, thermal energy, and mechanical energy. Such devices do not need to have energy storage capabilities, or they may have very limited energy storage capabilities, such as using a capacitor with a capacitance of several tens of microfarads.

[0071] Ambient IoT may be used in at least the following four scenarios:

[0072] 1. Object identification in logistics, production line product management, supply chain management, etc. 2. Environmental monitoring, including monitoring of temperature, humidity, and harmful gases in the work environment and natural environment. 3. Positioning such as indoor positioning, intelligent object detection, and object positioning on production lines. 4. Intelligent control of various electrical appliances in smart homes (on / off air conditioner, temperature control), intelligent control of various equipment in agricultural greenhouses (automatic irrigation, fertilization), etc. 2. Cellular Passive Mono Network As 5G industrial applications increase, the types of connected devices and application scenarios will also increase, leading to higher demands on the cost and power consumption of communication terminals. The application of battery-free, low-cost passive IoT devices will become a crucial technology for cellular IoT, enriching the types and number of 5G network link terminals and truly realizing the interconnectivity of all things. Here, passive IoT devices can be extended based on zero-power communication technologies such as RFID to suit cellular IoT.

[0073] In some scenarios, frequency specifications may differ by region or country, and the channel bandwidth required for AMP equipment may vary depending on the region or country. Therefore, resolving how to ensure the coexistence of AMP equipment from different regions and countries is an urgent issue that needs to be addressed.

[0074] To facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the technical solutions of this application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. The above related technologies can be optionally combined with the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application as selectable solutions, and all of them fall within the scope of protection of the embodiments of this application. The embodiments of this application include at least a portion of the following:

[0075] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication method 200 according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 6, the method 200 includes at least part of the following:

[0076] In S210, the transmitting device transmits a preamble signal and a target signal, where the preamble signal precedes the target signal, and the target receiving device for the target signal is an environmental energy amplifier (AMP) device.

[0077] Accordingly, in S220, non-AMP devices receive the preamble signal.

[0078] In S230, the AMP device receives the target signal.

[0079] In some embodiments, the AMP device may receive a preamble signal.

[0080] For example, if the bandwidth of the preamble signal is narrow, the AMP device can receive the preamble signal if its processing capacity allows it to process signals of that bandwidth.

[0081] It should be understood that the embodiments of this application can be applied to WIFI systems (or systems that support the 802.11 protocol), or to cellular communication systems such as NR systems and LTE systems.

[0082] In some embodiments, the 802.11 protocol may include 802.11ah, or it may include other protocols in the 802.11 family and new protocols in the future 802.11 family.

[0083] It should be understood that the preamble signal in the embodiments of this application can be replaced by other signals having a similar function in a communication system, such as a synchronization signal in a cellular communication system, specifically, for example, a synchronization signal block (SSB), but this application is not limited thereto.

[0084] In some embodiments, the transmitting device may refer to network equipment in a communication system, such as a base station in a cellular communication system, specifically, for example, a gNB in ​​an NR system, or an AP in a WIFI system, but this application is not limited to these.

[0085] In some embodiments, the non-AMP equipment may be existing equipment in the communication system or legacy equipment.

[0086] For example, non-AMP devices may include UEs in an NR system, or STAs in a Wi-Fi system.

[0087] In the embodiments of this application, the AMP device is also called an environmental energy device (AMP IoT device or Ambient IoT device), a zero-power device, or a zero-power terminal.

[0088] In some embodiments, an AMP device may be defined based on characteristics such as the complexity of the device, power consumption, energy source, communication method, and waveform used.

[0089] For example, an AMP (Amplifier) ​​device may be a device that communicates based on environmental energy. For instance, an AMP device obtains energy for communication by utilizing environmental energy such as radio frequency energy, light energy, solar energy, thermal energy, and mechanical energy.

[0090] As another example, an AMP device may be a low-complexity device or a device that uses a new waveform, for example, a low-order modulation scheme or a device that uses a simple waveform or a narrow-bandwidth signal for communication.

[0091] As another example, an AMP device might be a device that employs a backscatter communication method.

[0092] In some embodiments, the AMP device can also support an active transmission communication method.

[0093] In the embodiments of this application, the target signal is also called the AMP signal.

[0094] In some embodiments, the AMP signal may be used to carry control information and / or data information to be transmitted to an AMP device.

[0095] In some embodiments, the preamble signal may be used by a non-AMP device to identify that the channel is being used by an AMP device, in other words, by a non-AMP device to identify that a transmitting device is using the channel to communicate with an AMP device, in other words, by a non-AMP device to identify that the signal following the preamble signal (i.e., the target signal) is an AMP signal, in other words, by a non-AMP device to identify that the target receiving device of the signal following the preamble signal (i.e., the target signal) is an AMP device.

[0096] In some embodiments, the preamble signal and the target signal are considered to constitute a single frame. If the target receiving device of the target signal is an AMP device, the frame is also called an AMP frame, where the preamble signal is used to indicate whether the frame is an AMP frame.

[0097] It should be understood that, in the embodiments of this application, the preamble signal may implicitly or explicitly indicate that the signal following the preamble signal is an AMP signal, and this application is not limited thereto.

[0098] The design of the preamble signal and target signal will be described below with reference to specific examples.

[0099] Example 1 In some embodiments, the bandwidth of the preamble signal is determined based on a predetermined rule, i.e., the bandwidth of the preamble signal satisfies the predetermined rule. For example, the preamble signal may be a legacy preamble prefixing. In this case, a legacy device can detect the preamble signal.

[0100] In some embodiments, the predefined rules may include channel bandwidth limits defined by certain regions or countries, and / or channel bandwidth limits defined by standard protocols.

[0101] For example, in 802.11ah, the minimum channel bandwidth is specified as 1 MHz.

[0102] As another example, frequency regulations in some regions or countries (such as the United States) permit the use of 1 MHz in S1G, and this is noted as the first pre-established rule.

[0103] As yet another example, in some regions or countries (such as China and the European Union), a 1 MHz preamble signal channel bandwidth is not permitted, and only channel bandwidths of 250 kHz and 200 kHz are allowed, which is noted as a second pre-defined rule.

[0104] In some specific designs, the preamble signal bandwidth can be 1 MHz. This bandwidth design satisfies a first predefined rule and can be applied to specific regions or countries, such as the United States.

[0105] In some other specific designs, the preamble signal bandwidth may be 250 kHz or 200 kHz. This bandwidth design satisfies the second predefined rule and can be applied to specific regions or countries such as China or the European Union.

[0106] If the bandwidth of the preamble signal is determined based on a predetermined rule, then for legacy devices, a further problem to be solved is how to distinguish whether the subsequent signal is an AMP signal (or whether the current frame is an AMP frame).

[0107] In some embodiments of this application, a preamble signal can be used to explicitly or implicitly indicate whether a subsequent signal is an AMP signal, or whether the current frame is an AMP frame.

[0108] For example, whether a subsequent signal is an AMP signal is indicated by the format of the preamble signal and / or by the preamble signal carrying instruction information.

[0109] Accordingly, the legacy device can determine whether the subsequent signal is an AMP signal based on the format of the preamble signal and / or the instruction information carried in the preamble signal.

[0110] Method 1: The format of the preamble signal indicates whether the subsequent signal is an AMP signal.

[0111] In some embodiments, the format of the preamble signal is a specific format that indicates whether the signal transmitted after the preamble signal is an AMP signal, in other words, whether the current frame is an AMP frame. Selectively, the specific format may be predefined or a format agreed upon by the transmitting equipment and a legacy device in the communication system, and if the legacy device successfully detects a preamble signal of that format, it can determine that the subsequent signal is an AMP signal.

[0112] Method 2: The preamble signal carries instruction information to indicate whether the subsequent signal is an AMP signal.

[0113] In some embodiments, the preamble signal includes first instruction information used to indicate whether a signal transmitted after the preamble signal is an AMP signal, or whether the current frame is an AMP frame.

[0114] For example, the first instruction information is carried by reserved bits in the preamble signal. Selectively, a single reserved bit in the preamble signal can indicate whether the current frame is an AMP frame. Exemplaryly, a value of 1 for this bit indicates that the current frame is an AMP frame, and a value of 0 indicates that the current frame is not an AMP frame.

[0115] Method 2 allows the legacy device to decode even the reserved bits in the preamble signal and know that the subsequent signal is not an AMP signal. In this case, it is not necessary to continue processing the remaining preamble signal, which is advantageous in reducing the power consumption of the legacy device.

[0116] In some embodiments of this application, the bandwidth of the target signal can be designed based on the processing capacity of the AMP equipment and / or a set rule.

[0117] Due to the low processing power of AMP devices, their operating bandwidth is typically lower than that of legacy devices; for example, the bandwidth of the target signal is less than 1 MHz.

[0118] In some embodiments, the bandwidth of the target signal is fixed.

[0119] For example, the bandwidth of the target signal may be N*250kHz or M*200kHz, where N and M are fixed values.

[0120] For example, N is fixed to be 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[0121] For example, M is fixed to be 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

[0122] In other words, the bandwidth of the target signal is one of the following: 200kHz, 250kHz, 400kHz, 500kHz, 600kHz, 750kHz, 800kHz, 1000kHz, and 1250kHz.

[0123] In some embodiments, the bandwidth of the target signal is variable.

[0124] For example, the candidate bandwidth of the target signal includes N*250kHz and / or M*200kHz, where N and M are positive integers.

[0125] In some specific embodiments, the set of candidate values ​​for N is {1,2,3,4} or a subset of {1,2,3,4}.

[0126] In some specific embodiments, the set of candidate values ​​for M is {1,2,3,4,5} or a subset of {1,2,3,4,5}.

[0127] If the bandwidth of the target signal is variable, the transmitting device can further specify the channel bandwidth of the AMP signal.

[0128] For example, the channel bandwidth of an AMP signal is indicated by a preamble signal, specifically, for example, by the format of the preamble signal and / or by carrying instructional information to the preamble signal.

[0129] Accordingly, legacy devices can determine the channel bandwidth of the AMP signal based on the format of the preamble signal and / or the instruction information carried in the preamble signal.

[0130] In some implementations, the preamble signal may be composed of multiple formats, each of which may be used to represent a single bandwidth.

[0131] For example, different formats of the preamble signal correspond to different values ​​of N or M.

[0132] In some embodiments, the correspondence between the format of the preamble signal and the bandwidth of the AMP signal may be predefined or agreed upon by the transmitting device and the legacy device in the communication system.

[0133] Therefore, based on this method, when a legacy device receives a preamble signal, it can determine the bandwidth of the AMP signal based on the format of the preamble signal.

[0134] In some other implementations, the preamble signal includes second instruction information, which is used to indicate the bandwidth of the target signal.

[0135] For example, the reserved bits of the preamble signal are used to carry the second instruction information. Selectively, K reserved bits in the preamble signal can be used to indicate the bandwidth of the AMP signal, where K is determined based on the number of candidate bandwidths for the AMP signal. For example, if the number of candidate bandwidths is 4, two bits can be used to indicate the bandwidth of the AMP signal. For example, different values ​​of these two bits can indicate different bandwidths of the AMP signal.

[0136] In some embodiments, the legacy device may need to transmit the AMP signal using an adjacent channel, and the legacy device can estimate the leakage of the adjacent channel based on the bandwidth of the AMP signal.

[0137] Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of the AMP frame format according to an embodiment of the present application. In the example of Figure 7, the channel bandwidth of the preamble signal is 1 MHz, as specified in some regions or countries, so that the legacy device can detect the preamble signal and transmit the AMP signal after it. The AMP signal may be used to carry control information and / or data information to be transmitted to the AMP device, where the channel bandwidth of the AMP signal is smaller than the channel bandwidth of the preamble signal.

[0138] Example 2 In some embodiments, the bandwidth of the preamble signal is the same as the bandwidth of the target signal.

[0139] In some scenarios, a 1 MHz channel bandwidth for the preamble signal is not permitted for certain countries or regions, such as China and the European Union. The permitted channel bandwidths are 250 kHz and 200 kHz, respectively. In this case, the preamble signal can be designed to have the same channel bandwidth as the AMP signal.

[0140] In some embodiments, the bandwidth of the preamble signal is fixed.

[0141] For example, the bandwidth of the preamble signal may be P*250kHz or Q*200kHz, where P and Q are fixed values.

[0142] For example, P is fixed to be 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[0143] For example, Q is fixed to be 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

[0144] In other words, the bandwidth of the preamble signal is one of the following: 200kHz, 250kHz, 400kHz, 500kHz, 600kHz, 750kHz, 800kHz, 1000kHz, and 1250kHz.

[0145] In some embodiments, the bandwidth of the preamble signal is variable.

[0146] For example, the candidate bandwidth of the preamble signal includes P*250kHz and / or Q*200kHz, where P and Q are positive integers.

[0147] In some specific embodiments, the set of candidate values ​​for P is {1,2,3,4} or a subset of {1,2,3,4}.

[0148] In some specific embodiments, the set of candidate values ​​for Q is {1,2,3,4,5} or a subset of {1,2,3,4,5}.

[0149] In Embodiment 2, the bandwidth design of the preamble signal is considered to satisfy the second preset rule, i.e., it satisfies the channel bandwidth requirements of some countries or regions (such as China and the European Union), but does not satisfy the channel bandwidth requirements of some other regions or countries (such as the United States) (i.e., it does not satisfy the first preset rule). In some other regions or countries (such as the United States), legacy devices may only be able to detect a 1 MHz preamble signal and may not be able to detect the preamble signal based on the above design. Based on this, embodiments of the present application provide the following solutions to enable legacy devices in some other regions or countries (such as the United States) to identify the preamble signal.

[0150] One solution is to increase the transmission power of the preamble signal to the same level as the preamble signal that legacy devices can detect.

[0151] In other words, the transmission power of the preamble signal is determined based on the transmission power of a reference preamble signal, where the bandwidth of the reference preamble signal is determined based on a first preset rule, for example, the bandwidth of the reference preamble signal is 1 MHz.

[0152] In response, legacy devices can detect the preamble signal of an AMP signal by performing power detection on the received signal.

[0153] Alternatively, the preamble signal is transmitted using a frequency-hopping method such that the bandwidth of the preamble signal satisfies a first pre-set rule.

[0154] When the preamble signal is transmitted using a frequency hopping method, statistically speaking, this corresponds to the channel bandwidth of the preamble signal reaching the channel bandwidth that must be satisfied by the first pre-set rule.

[0155] For example, if the channel bandwidth of the preamble signal is 250 kHz, and after four frequency hops, statistically the total channel bandwidth is 1 MHz, which satisfies the 1 MHz requirement defined by the first pre-set rule, the legacy device can detect the preamble signal.

[0156] In Embodiment 2, the transmitting device can also use a similar method to that in Embodiment 1 to indicate whether the signal following the preamble signal is an AMP signal, or whether the current frame is an AMP frame, and for the sake of brevity, this will not be explained again here.

[0157] In Embodiment 2, the transmitting device can also indicate the bandwidth of the AMP signal using a similar method to that in Embodiment 1, which will not be described again here for brevity.

[0158] In Embodiment 2, if the bandwidth of the preamble signal is designed based on a second preset rule, a legacy device following the second preset rule can identify that an AMP device is occupying the channel by receiving the preamble signal. To ensure that a legacy device following the first preset rule can also identify that an AMP device is occupying the channel, one solution is to control the transmission power of the preamble signal to bring the bandwidth of the preamble signal to a transmission power level that satisfies the first preset rule, so that the legacy device following the first preset rule can determine that an AMP device is occupying the channel by performing power detection on the received signal. Another solution is to transmit the preamble signal using a frequency hopping method, thereby making the bandwidth of the preamble signal a bandwidth that satisfies the first preset rule, so that the legacy device following the first preset rule can identify that an AMP device is occupying the channel by receiving the preamble signal, thereby resolving the problem of coexistence of AMP devices in different regions or countries.

[0159] As can be seen from the above, in the embodiments of this application, the AMP frame is designed to include a preamble signal and an AMP signal, the preamble signal indicating that the subsequent signal is an AMP signal, thereby allowing the legacy device to identify that an AMP device is occupying the channel by the preamble signal, and ensuring compatibility when AMP devices and legacy devices coexist in a communication system.

[0160] In some implementations, the bandwidth of the preamble signal can be designed based on pre-defined rules, ensuring backward compatibility of the preamble signal, and further, the format of the preamble signal, or the instructional information carried in the preamble signal, indicates that the subsequent signal is an AMP signal. In this way, a legacy device can detect the preamble signal and identify that an AMP device is occupying the channel.

[0161] In some other implementations, the bandwidth of the preamble signal is the same as the bandwidth of the AMP signal. Furthermore, by designing the transmission power of the preamble signal to correspond to the level of transmission power of a preamble signal whose bandwidth satisfies a predetermined rule, the legacy device can detect the preamble signal of the AMP signal by power detection on the received signal, or by transmitting the preamble signal using a frequency hopping method to make the bandwidth of the preamble signal a bandwidth that satisfies a predetermined rule, thereby resolving the problem of coexistence of AMP equipment from different regions and countries.

[0162] Figure 9 is a schematic interaction diagram of a wireless communication method 300 according to another embodiment of the present application. The method 300 may be performed by network equipment in the communication system shown in Figure 1, and as shown in Figure 9, the method 300 includes the following:

[0163] In S310, the transmitting device transmits a target signal, where time-domain resources for transmitting a preamble signal are reserved before the target signal, and the target receiving device for the target signal is an environmental energy AMP device, or the transmitting device is an AMP device.

[0164] It should be understood that the embodiments of this application can be applied to WIFI systems (or systems that support the 802.11 protocol), or to cellular communication systems such as NR systems and LTE systems.

[0165] In some embodiments, the 802.11 protocol may include 802.11ah, or it may include other protocols in the 802.11 family and new protocols in the future 802.11 family.

[0166] It should be understood that the preamble signal in the embodiments of this application can be replaced with other signals having a similar function in a communication system, such as a synchronization signal in a cellular communication system, specifically, for example, a Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), but this application is not limited thereto.

[0167] In some embodiments, the transmitting device may refer to network equipment in a communication system, such as a base station in a cellular communication system, specifically, for example, a gNB in ​​an NR system, or an AP in a WIFI system, and this application is not limited thereto.

[0168] In this case, the receiving device for the target signal may be an AMP device.

[0169] In some other embodiments, the transmitting device may refer to an AMP device.

[0170] In this case, the receiving device of the target signal may be an AMP device, a network device, or a legacy device.

[0171] In other words, if the transmitting device is an AMP device, the target signal may be a signal transmitted from one AMP device to another, or a signal transmitted from an AMP device to a network device, or a signal transmitted from an AMP device to a legacy device.

[0172] In some other embodiments, the transmitting device may refer to a legacy device in a communication system, such as an UE in a cellular communication system, or an STA in a Wi-Fi system, but is not limited to such devices in this application.

[0173] In this case, the receiving device for the target signal may be an AMP device.

[0174] In method 300, the transmitting device can be considered to transmit an empty signal as a dummy preamble signal.

[0175] In the method 300, the AMP frame can be considered to contain the target signal, where time-domain resources are reserved for transmitting the preamble signal before the target signal.

[0176] By designing the AMP frame to include the target signal and reserving time-domain resources for transmitting a preamble signal before the target signal, in a system using a preamble signal or similar signal, the transmitting device can transmit the preamble signal using the reserved time-domain resources for transmitting the preamble signal and transmit the target signal after the preamble signal, where the bandwidth of the preamble signal can be designed based on different regional or national frequency regulations, thereby resolving the issue of coexistence of AMP devices from different regions or countries.

[0177] For example, in some regions or countries (such as the United States), a transmitting device may transmit a preamble signal using a reserved time-domain resource for transmitting the preamble signal, and then transmit a target signal after the preamble signal, and the bandwidth of the preamble signal may be 1 MHz.

[0178] As another example, in some other regions or countries (such as China or the European Union), the transmitting device may transmit the preamble signal using a reserved time-domain resource for transmitting the preamble signal, and then transmit the target signal after the preamble signal, the bandwidth of which may be an integer multiple of 250 kHz or an integer multiple of 200 kHz, or the transmitting device may not transmit the signal using a reserved time-domain resource for transmitting the preamble signal.

[0179] Figure 10 shows a schematic diagram of the AMP frame format according to an embodiment of the present application, where, as shown in Figure 10, time-domain resources for transmitting the preamble signal are reserved before the target signal. In some regions or countries (e.g., the United States), the transmitting device may transmit the preamble signal using the reserved time-domain resources for transmitting the preamble signal and transmit the target signal after the preamble signal, and the bandwidth of the preamble signal may be 1 MHz.

[0180] In some embodiments, the transmitting device does not need to do anything to other devices other than the target receiving device with respect to the reserved time-domain resource for transmitting the preamble signal, and correspondingly, the other devices need to know that the time-domain resource is occupied by the AMP device and is not available for transmission.

[0181] In some implementations, the transmitting device reserves time-domain resources for transmitting the preamble signal by setting timers on other devices (e.g., network allocation vectors) other than the target receiving device. For example, if the transmitting device is a network device such as an AP, it can reserve time-domain resources for transmitting the preamble signal by setting timers on other devices.

[0182] In some specific embodiments, the transmitting device transmits a first signaling to other devices other than the target receiving device, and the first signaling is used to set a timer on the other device, for example, the timer on the other device is configured to back off until a reserved time domain resource for transmitting a preamble signal is available.

[0183] In some embodiments, the first signaling is a Media Access Control (MAC) signaling.

[0184] In some other implementations, the transmitting device reserves time-domain resources for transmitting the preamble signal by setting timers on other devices other than the target receiving device, via a network device (e.g., an access point device). For example, if the transmitting device is an AMP device or a legacy device, the network device can reserve time-domain resources for transmitting the preamble signal by setting timers on other devices.

[0185] For example, the transmitting device transmits a third instruction to a network device (e.g., an access point device), which is used to instruct the access point device to reserve time-domain resources for setting timers on other devices other than the target receiving device and transmitting preamble signals.

[0186] In some embodiments, the third instruction information may further indicate identification information of the target receiving device.

[0187] Therefore, in the embodiments of this application, by setting the timer of the other device to an appropriate value, the other device can know that the reserved time-domain resource for transmitting the preamble signal belongs to the frame of the transmitting device, that is, that the channel of the time-domain resource is occupied.

[0188] In some embodiments of this application, the bandwidth of the target signal can be designed based on the processing capacity of the AMP equipment and / or a set rule.

[0189] Due to the low processing power of AMP devices, their operating bandwidth is typically lower than that of legacy devices; for example, the bandwidth of the target signal is less than 1 MHz.

[0190] In some embodiments, the bandwidth of the target signal is fixed.

[0191] For example, the bandwidth of the target signal may be N*250kHz or M*200kHz, where N and M are fixed values.

[0192] For example, N is fixed to be 1, 2, 3, or 4.

[0193] For example, M is fixed as 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

[0194] In other words, the bandwidth of the target signal is one of the following: 200kHz, 250kHz, 400kHz, 500kHz, 600kHz, 750kHz, 800kHz, 1000kHz, and 1250kHz.

[0195] In some embodiments, the bandwidth of the target signal is variable.

[0196] For example, the candidate bandwidth of the target signal includes N*250kHz and / or M*200kHz, where N and M are positive integers.

[0197] In some specific embodiments, the set of candidate values ​​for N is {1,2,3,4} or a subset of {1,2,3,4}.

[0198] In some specific embodiments, the set of candidate values ​​for M is {1,2,3,4,5} or a subset of {1,2,3,4,5}.

[0199] It should be understood that this application does not limit the unit of duration of the time resource reserved for transmitting the preamble signal, and may be, for example, a distributed inter-frame spacing (DIFT).

[0200] As can be seen from the above, in the embodiments of this application, the AMP frame is designed to include a target signal and time-domain resources for transmitting a preamble signal are reserved before the target signal, so that in a system using a preamble signal or a similar signal, the transmitting device can transmit the preamble signal using the reserved time-domain resources for transmitting the preamble signal and transmit the target signal after the preamble signal, where the bandwidth of the preamble signal can be defined based on the frequencies of different regions or countries, thereby resolving the issue of coexistence of AMP devices from different regions or countries.

[0201] The embodiments of the method of this application will be described in detail above with reference to Figures 6 to 10, and the embodiments of the apparatus of this application will be described in detail below with reference to Figures 11 to 16. The embodiments of the apparatus and the embodiments of the method correspond to each other, and it should be understood that similar descriptions can be found by referring to the embodiments of the method.

[0202] Figure 11 shows a schematic block diagram of the transmitting device 400 according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 11, the transmitting device 400 is The system includes a communication unit 410 configured to transmit a preamble signal and a target signal, wherein the preamble signal precedes the target signal and is used to indicate that the target receiving device for the target signal is an environmental energy AMP device.

[0203] In some embodiments, the bandwidth of the preamble signal is determined based on a predetermined rule.

[0204] In some embodiments, the bandwidth of the preamble signal is 1 MHz.

[0205] In some embodiments, the format of the preamble signal is a predefined format, and the preamble signal of the predefined format is used to indicate that the target receiving device of the signal transmitted after the preamble signal is an AMP device.

[0206] In some embodiments, the preamble signal includes first instruction information, which is used to indicate that the target receiving device for a signal transmitted after the preamble signal is an AMP device.

[0207] In some embodiments, the reserved bits of the preamble signal are used to carry the first instruction information.

[0208] In some embodiments, the candidate bandwidth of the target signal includes N*250kHz and / or M*200kHz, where N and M are positive integers.

[0209] In some embodiments, N is a fixed value and / or M is a fixed value.

[0210] In some embodiments, the set of candidate values ​​for N is {1,2,3,4} or a subset of {1,2,3,4}.

[0211] In some embodiments, the set of candidate values ​​for M is {1,2,3,4,5} or a subset of {1,2,3,4,5}.

[0212] In some embodiments, the format of the preamble signal is used to indicate the bandwidth of the target signal.

[0213] In some embodiments, different formats of the preamble signal correspond to different values ​​of N or M.

[0214] In some embodiments, the preamble signal includes second instruction information, which is used to indicate the bandwidth of the target signal.

[0215] In some embodiments, the reserved bits of the preamble signal are used to carry the second instruction information.

[0216] In some embodiments, the bandwidth of the preamble signal is the same as the bandwidth of the target signal.

[0217] In some embodiments, the candidate bandwidth of the preamble signal includes P*250kHz and / or Q*200kHz, where P and Q are positive integers.

[0218] In some embodiments, the set of candidate values ​​for P is {1,2,3,4} or a subset of {1,2,3,4}.

[0219] In some embodiments, the set of candidate values ​​for Q is {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} or a subset of {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.

[0220] In some embodiments, the transmit power of the preamble signal is determined based on the transmit power of a reference preamble signal, where the bandwidth of the reference preamble signal is determined based on a predetermined rule.

[0221] In some embodiments, the preamble signal is transmitted in a frequency-hopping manner such that the bandwidth of the preamble signal satisfies a predetermined rule.

[0222] In some embodiments, the transmitting device is an access point device.

[0223] Selectively, in some embodiments, the above-mentioned communication unit may be a communication interface or transceiver, or it may be a communication chip or a system-on-a-chip input / output interface.

[0224] The transmitting device 400 according to the embodiment of this application can correspond to the transmitting device in the embodiment of the method of this application, and it should be understood that the above and other operations and / or functions of each unit within the transmitting device 400 are for realizing the corresponding processes of the transmitting device in the method shown in Figures 6 to 8, respectively. For the sake of brevity, this will not be repeated here.

[0225] Figure 12 shows a schematic block diagram of the transmitting device 500 according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 12, the transmitting device 500 is The system includes a communication unit 510 configured to transmit a target signal, wherein time-domain resources for transmitting a preamble signal are reserved prior to the target signal, and the target receiving device for the target signal is an environmental energy AMP device.

[0226] In some embodiments, the transmitting device reserves time-domain resources for transmitting the preamble signal by setting a timer on a non-AMP device.

[0227] In some embodiments, the communication unit 510 further, A first signaling is configured to be transmitted to a non-AMP device, the first signaling is used to set a timer for the non-AMP device, and the timer for the non-AMP device is configured to back off until a reserved time-domain resource is available for transmitting a preamble signal.

[0228] In some embodiments, the first signaling is media access control MAC signaling.

[0229] In some embodiments, the transmitting device is an access point device.

[0230] In some embodiments, the transmitting device reserves time-domain resources for transmitting the preamble signal by having the access point device set a timer for the non-AMP device.

[0231] In some embodiments, the communication unit 510 further, The system is configured to transmit a third instruction to the access point device, which is used to instruct the access point device to reserve time-domain resources for setting a timer for a non-AMP device and transmitting a preamble signal.

[0232] In some embodiments, the transmitting device is an AMP device.

[0233] In some embodiments, the timer of the non-AMP device includes a network-assigned vector NAV timer.

[0234] In some embodiments, the candidate bandwidth of the target signal includes N*250kHz and / or M*200kHz, where N and M are positive integers.

[0235] In some embodiments, N is a fixed value and / or M is a fixed value.

[0236] In some embodiments, the set of candidate values ​​for N is {1,2,3,4} or a subset of {1,2,3,4}.

[0237] In some embodiments, the set of candidate values ​​for M is {1,2,3,4,5} or a subset of {1,2,3,4,5}.

[0238] Selectively, in some embodiments, the above-mentioned communication unit may be a communication interface or transceiver, or it may be a communication chip or a system-on-a-chip input / output interface.

[0239] The transmitting device 500 according to the embodiment of this application can correspond to the transmitting device in the embodiment of the method of this application, and it should be understood that the above and other operations and / or functions of each unit within the transmitting device 500 are for realizing the corresponding processes of the transmitting device in the method shown in Figures 9 to 10, respectively. For the sake of brevity, this will not be repeated here.

[0240] Figure 13 shows a schematic block diagram of the receiving device 800 according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 13, the receiving device 800 is A communication unit 810 configured to receive a preamble signal transmitted by a transmitting device, wherein the receiving device is not an environmental energy AMP device, and the communication unit 810 The system includes a processing unit 820 configured to determine, based on the preamble signal, whether the target receiving device for the signal following the preamble signal is an AMP device.

[0241] In some embodiments, the processing unit 820 further, If the format of the preamble signal is a predefined format, the system is configured to determine that the target receiving device for the signal following the preamble signal is an AMP device.

[0242] In some embodiments, the processing unit 820 further, The system is configured to determine that the target receiving device for the signal following the preamble signal is an AMP device if the preamble signal includes first instruction information and the first instruction information indicates that the target receiving device for the signal following the preamble signal is an AMP device.

[0243] In some embodiments, the first instruction information is transmitted to the reserved bits of the preamble signal.

[0244] In some embodiments, the processing unit 820 further, The system is configured to perform power detection on the preamble signal and determine whether the target receiving device for the signal following the preamble signal is an AMP device.

[0245] In some embodiments, the bandwidth of the preamble signal is a bandwidth that satisfies a predetermined rule.

[0246] In some embodiments, the candidate bandwidth of the preamble signal includes P*250kHz and / or Q*200kHz, where P and Q are positive integers.

[0247] In some embodiments, the set of candidate values ​​for P is {1,2,3,4} or a subset of {1,2,3,4}.

[0248] In some embodiments, the set of candidate values ​​for Q is {1,2,3,4,5} or a subset of {1,2,3,4,5}.

[0249] In some embodiments, the transmitting device is an access point device.

[0250] Selectively, in some embodiments, the above-mentioned communication unit may be a communication interface or transceiver, or it may be a communication chip or a system-on-a-chip input / output interface.

[0251] The receiving device 800 according to the embodiment of this application can correspond to the legacy device in the embodiment of the method of this application, and it should be understood that the above and other operations and / or functions of each unit within the receiving device 800 are for realizing the corresponding processes of the legacy device in the method shown in Figures 6 to 10, respectively. For the sake of brevity, this will not be repeated here.

[0252] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the communication device 600 according to an embodiment of this application. The communication device 600 shown in Figure 14 is equipped with a processor 610, which can call and execute a computer program from memory to realize the method in the embodiment of this application.

[0253] Selectively, as shown in Figure 14, the communication device 600 may further include a memory 620. Here, the processor 610 can call and execute a computer program from the memory 620 to implement the method in the embodiment of this application.

[0254] Here, the memory 620 may be a standalone device independent of the processor 610, or it may be integrated into the processor 610.

[0255] Selectively, as shown in Figure 14, the communication device 600 may further include a transceiver 630, and the processor 610 can control the transceiver 630 to communicate with other devices, specifically, to transmit information or data to other devices or to receive information or data transmitted from other devices.

[0256] Here, the transceiver 630 may include a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver 630 may also include an antenna, and the number of antennas may be one or more.

[0257] Selectively, the communication device 600 may be the transmitting device of an embodiment of the present application, and the communication device 600 can implement the corresponding process implemented by the transmitting device in each method of the embodiment of the present application, which will not be described again here for the sake of brevity.

[0258] Selectively, the communication device 600 may be specifically a receiving device or legacy device of the embodiments of this application, and the communication device 600 can implement the corresponding process implemented by the receiving device or legacy device in each method of the embodiments of this application, which will not be described again here for the sake of brevity.

[0259] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the chip of an embodiment of this application. The chip 700 shown in Figure 15 includes a processor 710, which can call and execute a computer program from memory to realize the method of the embodiment of this application.

[0260] Selectively, as shown in Figure 15, the chip 700 may further include a memory 720. Here, the processor 710 can call and execute a computer program from the memory 720 to implement the method in the embodiment of this application.

[0261] Here, the memory 720 may be a standalone device independent of the processor 710, or it may be integrated into the processor 710.

[0262] Selectively, the chip 700 may further include an input interface 730, where the processor 710 can control the input interface 730 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to acquire information or data transmitted from other devices or chips.

[0263] Selectively, the chip 700 may further include an output interface 740. Here, the processor 710 can control the output interface 740 to communicate with other devices or chips, and specifically, it can output information or data to other devices or chips.

[0264] Selectively, the chip may be applied to the transmitting device in the embodiments of this application, which can implement the corresponding processes implemented by the transmitting device in each method of the embodiments of this application, which will not be repeated here for the sake of brevity.

[0265] Selectively, the chip may be applied to a receiving device or legacy device in the embodiments of this application, and the chip can implement the corresponding process implemented by the receiving device or legacy device in each method of the embodiments of this application, which will not be repeated here for the sake of brevity.

[0266] It should be understood that the chips referred to in the embodiments of this application may also be called system-level chips, system chips, chip systems, or system chip-on-chip, etc.

[0267] Figure 16 is a schematic block diagram of a communication system 900 according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 16, the communication system 900 comprises a transmitting device 910 and a receiving device 920.

[0268] Here, the transmitting device 910 may be used to implement the corresponding function implemented by the transmitting device in the above method, and the receiving device 920 may be used to implement the corresponding function implemented by the receiving device or legacy device in the above method, which will not be repeated here for the sake of brevity.

[0269] It should be understood that the processor in the embodiments of this application may be an integrated circuit chip having signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each step of the embodiments of the above method may be completed via hardware integrated logic circuits within the processor or via instructions in the form of software. The above processor may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates, or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. Each method, step and logic block diagram disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be implemented or executed. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor may be any conventional processor, etc. The steps of the methods disclosed in the embodiments of this disclosure may be directly implemented as being executed and completed by a hardware decoding processor, or by a combination of hardware and software modules within the decoding processor. The software module may reside in a mature storage medium in the art, such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, or electrically erasable programmable memory, or registers. The storage medium is located in memory, and the processor reads the information in memory and combines it with its hardware to complete the steps of the method described above.

[0270] Understandably, the memory in the embodiments of this application may be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. Here, non-volatile memory may be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory may be random access memory (RAM) used as an external cache. By illustrative rather than restrictive description, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous-connected dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct memory bus random access memory (DR RAM). It should be noted that the memory of the systems and methods described herein includes, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0271] It should be understood that the above-mentioned memories are illustrative but not limiting. For example, the memories in the embodiments of this application may include static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synch-linked dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct memory bus random access memory (DR RAM). In other words, the memories in the embodiments of this application are intended to include, but not be limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0272] Embodiments of this application further provide a computer-readable storage medium configured to store computer programs.

[0273] Selectively, the computer-readable storage medium may be applied to the transmitting device in the embodiments of this application, and the computer program causes the computer to execute the corresponding process implemented by the transmitting device in each method of the embodiments of this application, which for the sake of brevity will not be repeated here.

[0274] Selectively, the computer-readable storage medium may be applied to the receiving device or legacy device in the embodiments of this application, and the computer program causes the computer to execute the corresponding process implemented by the receiving device or legacy device in each method of the embodiments of this application, which for the sake of brevity will not be repeated here.

[0275] Embodiments of the present application further provide a computer program product including computer program instructions.

[0276] Optionally, the computer program product may be applied to the transmitting device in the embodiments of the present application. The computer program instructions cause the computer to execute the corresponding processes realized by the transmitting device in each method of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0277] Optionally, the computer program product may be applied to the receiving device or legacy device in the embodiments of the present application. The computer program instructions cause the computer to execute the corresponding processes realized by the receiving device or legacy device in each method of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0278] Embodiments of the present application further provide a computer program.

[0279] Optionally, the computer program may be applied to the transmitting device in the embodiments of the present application. When the computer program is executed by a computer, it causes the computer to execute the corresponding processes realized by the transmitting device in each method of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0280] Optionally, the computer program may be applied to the receiving device or legacy device in the embodiments of the present application. When the computer program is executed by a computer, it causes the computer to execute the corresponding processes realized by the receiving device or legacy device in each method of the embodiments of the present application. For the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0281] As will be obvious to those skilled in the art, the units and algorithmic steps of each example described with reference to the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware form or software form will depend on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Skilled technicians may implement the described functions using different methods depending on each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0282] Those skilled in the art will understand this clearly, but for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, apparatus, and units described above can be referenced to the corresponding processes in the embodiments of the methods described above and will not be repeated here.

[0283] In some embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the embodiments of the apparatus described above are illustrative only, and for example, the division of the units is only a logical functional division, and other divisional modes may be possible in actual implementation, and for example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not performed. Also, the mutual coupling, direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection via some communication interface, apparatus or unit, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.

[0284] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed among multiple network units. Depending on the actual needs, some or all of these units can be selected to achieve the objectives of the solution of this embodiment.

[0285] Furthermore, each functional unit in each embodiment of this application may be integrated into a single processing unit, the individual units may exist physically independently, and two or more units may be integrated into a single unit.

[0286] If the aforementioned functions are implemented in the form of a software function unit and sold or used as an independent product, they may be stored on a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solutions of this application may be essentially, or contribute to the prior art, or a part of such technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a computer software product, which is stored on a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of this application. The storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash disks, mobile hard disks, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0287] The above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present application, and the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art will readily conceive of any variations or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed herein, and all such variations or substitutions should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be subject to the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A wireless communication method, A wireless communication method comprising a transmitting device transmitting a preamble signal and a target signal, wherein the preamble signal precedes the target signal, and the preamble signal is used to indicate that the target receiving device of the target signal is an environmental energy (AMP) device.

2. The bandwidth of the preamble signal is determined based on a predetermined rule. The wireless communication method according to claim 1.

3. The bandwidth of the aforementioned preamble signal is 1 MHz. The wireless communication method according to claim 2.

4. The format of the preamble signal is a predefined format, and the preamble signal of the predefined format is used to indicate that the target receiving device of the signal transmitted after the preamble signal is an AMP device. The wireless communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. The preamble signal includes first instruction information, and the first instruction information is used to indicate that the target receiving device of the signal transmitted after the preamble signal is an AMP device. The wireless communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. The reserved bits of the preamble signal are used to carry the first instruction information. The wireless communication method according to claim 5.

7. The candidate bandwidth of the target signal includes N * 250 kHz and / or M * 200 kHz, where N and M are positive integers. The wireless communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. N is a fixed value, and / or M is a fixed value. The wireless communication method according to claim 7.

9. The set of candidate values ​​for N is characterized by being {1, 2, 3, 4} or a subset of {1, 2, 3, 4}. The wireless communication method according to claim 7.

10. The set of candidate values ​​for M is characterized by being {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} or a subset of {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. The wireless communication method according to claim 7 or 9.

11. The format of the preamble signal is characterized by being used to indicate the bandwidth of the target signal. The wireless communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. The different formats of the preamble signal are characterized by corresponding to different values ​​of N or M. The wireless communication method according to claim 11.

13. The preamble signal includes a second instruction information, and the second instruction information is used to indicate the bandwidth of the target signal. The wireless communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. The reserved bits of the preamble signal are used to carry the second instruction information. The wireless communication method according to claim 13.

15. The bandwidth of the preamble signal is the same as the bandwidth of the target signal. The wireless communication method according to claim 1.

16. The candidate bandwidth of the preamble signal includes P * 250 kHz and / or Q * 200 kHz, where P and Q are positive integers. The wireless communication method according to claim 15.

17. The set of candidate values ​​for P is characterized by being {1, 2, 3, 4} or a subset of {1, 2, 3, 4}. The wireless communication method according to claim 16.

18. The set of candidate values ​​for Q is characterized by being either {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} or a subset of {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. The wireless communication method according to claim 16 or 17.

19. The transmission power of the preamble signal is determined based on the transmission power of a reference preamble signal, and the bandwidth of the reference preamble signal is determined based on a predetermined rule. The wireless communication method according to any one of claims 15 to 18.

20. The preamble signal is transmitted using a frequency hopping method such that the bandwidth of the preamble signal satisfies a predetermined rule. The wireless communication method according to any one of claims 15 to 18.

21. The transmitting device is characterized by being an access point device. The wireless communication method according to claims 1 to 20.

22. A wireless communication method, A wireless communication method comprising a transmitting device transmitting a target signal, wherein time-domain resources for transmitting a preamble signal are reserved prior to the target signal, and the target receiving device for the target signal is an environmental energy (AMP) device.

23. The transmitting device reserves time-domain resources for transmitting the preamble signal by setting a timer on a non-AMP device. The wireless communication method according to claim 22.

24. The aforementioned wireless communication method further, The transmitting device includes transmitting a first signaling to a non-AMP device, the first signaling being used to set a timer on the non-AMP device, and the timer on the non-AMP device being configured to back off until a reserved time-domain resource for transmitting a preamble signal is available. The wireless communication method according to claim 23.

25. The first signaling is characterized by being a media access control (MAC) signaling. The wireless communication method according to claim 24.

26. The transmitting device is characterized by being an access point device. The wireless communication method according to any one of claims 23 to 25.

27. The transmitting device is characterized in that it reserves time-domain resources for transmitting a preamble signal by setting a timer for a non-AMP device using an access point device. The wireless communication method according to claim 22.

28. The aforementioned wireless communication method further, The transmitting device transmits a third instruction to the access point device, wherein the third instruction is used to instruct the access point device to set a timer for a non-AMP device and reserve time-domain resources for transmitting a preamble signal. The wireless communication method according to claim 27.

29. The transmitting device is characterized by being an AMP device. The wireless communication method according to claim 27 or 28.

30. The timer of the non-AMP device is characterized by including a network allocation vector (NAV) timer. The wireless communication method according to any one of claims 23 to 29.

31. The candidate bandwidth of the target signal is characterized by including N * 250 kHz and / or M * 200 kHz, where N and M are positive integers. The wireless communication method according to any one of claims 22 to 30.

32. N is a fixed value, and / or M is a fixed value. The wireless communication method according to claim 31.

33. The set of candidate values ​​for N is characterized by being {1, 2, 3, 4} or a subset of {1, 2, 3, 4}. The wireless communication method according to claim 31.

34. The set of candidate values ​​for M is characterized by being {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} or a subset of {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. The wireless communication method according to claim 31 or 33.

35. A wireless communication method, The receiving device receives a preamble signal transmitted by the transmitting device, and the receiving device is not an environmental energy (AMP) device. A wireless communication method comprising determining, based on the preamble signal, whether the target receiving device for the signal following the preamble signal is an AMP device.

36. Based on the aforementioned preamble signal, determining whether the target receiving device for the signal following the preamble signal is an AMP device is: If the format of the preamble signal is a predefined format, the method includes determining that the target receiving device for the signal following the preamble signal is an AMP device. The wireless communication method according to claim 35.

37. Based on the aforementioned preamble signal, determining whether the target receiving device for the signal following the preamble signal is an AMP device is: The preamble signal includes first instruction information, and if the first instruction information indicates that the target receiving device for the signal following the preamble signal is an AMP device, the method includes determining that the target receiving device for the signal following the preamble signal is an AMP device. The wireless communication method according to claim 35.

38. The first instruction information is characterized in that it is transported to the reserved bits of the preamble signal. The wireless communication method according to claim 37.

39. Based on the aforementioned preamble signal, determining whether the target receiving device for the signal following the preamble signal is an AMP device is: This method includes performing power detection on the preamble signal and determining whether the target receiving device for the signal following the preamble signal is an AMP device. The wireless communication method according to claim 35.

40. The bandwidth of the preamble signal is characterized by being a bandwidth that satisfies a predetermined rule. The wireless communication method according to any one of claims 35 to 38.

41. The candidate bandwidth of the preamble signal is characterized by including P * 250 kHz and / or Q * 200 kHz, where P and Q are positive integers. The wireless communication method according to any one of claims 36 to 39.

42. The set of candidate values ​​for P is characterized by being {1, 2, 3, 4} or a subset of {1, 2, 3, 4}. The wireless communication method according to claim 41.

43. The set of candidate values ​​for Q is characterized by being either {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} or a subset of {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. The wireless communication method according to claim 41 or 42.

44. The transmitting device is characterized by being an access point device. The wireless communication method according to any one of claims 35 to 43.

45. Transmitting device, A transmitting device comprising a communication unit configured to transmit a preamble signal and a target signal, wherein the preamble signal precedes the target signal, and the preamble signal is used to indicate that the target receiving device of the target signal is an environmental energy (AMP) device.

46. Transmitting device, A transmitting device includes a communication unit configured to transmit a target signal, wherein time-domain resources for transmitting a preamble signal are reserved prior to the target signal, and the target receiving device for the target signal is an environmental energy (AMP) device.

47. Receiving device, A communication unit configured to receive a preamble signal transmitted by a transmitting device, wherein the receiving device is not an environmental energy (AMP) device, and A receiving device including a processing unit configured to determine, based on the preamble signal, whether the target receiving device for a signal following the preamble signal is an AMP device.

48. A transmitting device comprising a processor and memory, wherein the memory is configured to store a computer program, and the processor calls and executes the computer program stored in the memory to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 21 or the method according to any one of claims 22 to 34.

49. A receiving device comprising a processor and memory, wherein the memory is configured to store a computer program, and the processor calls and executes the computer program stored in the memory to perform the method according to any one of claims 35 to 44.

50. A chip including a processor, wherein the processor calls and executes a computer program from memory, causing a device on which the chip is mounted to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 21, or the method according to any one of claims 22 to 34, or the method according to any one of claims 35 to 44.

51. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that causes a computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 21, or the method according to any one of claims 22 to 34, or the method according to any one of claims 35 to 44.

52. A computer program product comprising a computer program instruction that causes a computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 21, or the method according to any one of claims 22 to 34, or the method according to any one of claims 35 to 44.

53. A computer program that causes a computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 21, or the method according to any one of claims 22 to 34, or the method according to any one of claims 35 to 44.

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