A device for generating energy from waves

Abstract

A wave force device for generating rotating mechanical energy, comprising a buoyancy energy generating capsule and an upper inclined guide surface and a lower inclined guide surface for suppressing and guiding the motion of the energy generating capsule. The device is partially submerged in a body of water, and the energy generating capsule rolls in a unidirectional manner along the guide surfaces around its axis of rotation, rolling up the incline in response to the force from waves in the body of water and rolling down the incline in response to gravity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an apparatus for generating unidirectional rotational motion energy from waves, such as from waves in the swells of lakes, seas, or oceans. The present invention further relates to equipment for generating electricity and further to freshwater treatment equipment.

Background Art

[0002] There is an increasing need to develop reliable, efficient, accessible, and usable renewable energy generation methods. The movement of waves in the ocean or lakes contains a vast amount of kinetic energy and thus holds a fairly large potential for energy generation. There are many examples of systems that attempt to harness this wave energy and convert it into a usable form. However, most such designs are not implemented or commercially successful due to their complexity, lack of reliability, inefficiency, and / or the economics and expertise required to install, repair, maintain, and operate such systems. For example, some systems may be inoperable or have only a minimum level of operability in low wave environments. Some installation sites may be dangerous and difficult to access, and the associated risks and problems can be exacerbated by equipment that is difficult to handle in size and difficult to maneuver.

[0003] The object of at least a preferred embodiment of the present invention is to address one or more of the above disadvantages and / or at least to provide a solution useful to the general public.

[0004] Throughout this specification, references to patent specifications, other external documents, or other sources have been made, generally to provide a context for discussing the features of the present invention. Unless otherwise stated, references to such external documents or sources should not be construed as an admission, in any capacity, that such documents or sources are prior art or form part of the common general knowledge in the art. [Overview of the project] [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] In a first embodiment, the present invention provides a wave power device for generating rotational mechanical energy. The wave power device comprises a buoyancy energy generating capsule and an upper inclined guide surface and a lower inclined guide surface arranged to suppress and guide the motion of the energy generating capsule. The wave power device is configured to be partially submerged in a body of water. The energy generating capsule is configured to roll in a unidirectional manner along the guide surfaces around the capsule's axis of rotation as it rises in response to the force from waves in the body of water and descends in response to gravity.

[0006] The upper and lower guide surfaces may be spaced apart from each other and facing each other. The upper and lower guide surfaces may be substantially parallel. The upper and lower guide surfaces may be aligned vertically.

[0007] The wave power device may include two pairs of upper and lower guide surfaces, and the generating capsule has two coaxial drive axles, each drive axle positioned to roll along one of the pair of upper and lower guide surfaces, thereby causing rotation of the generating capsule about the capsule rotation axis.

[0008] Optionally, each drive axle is provided with an engagement portion for sequentially engaging with its respective upper and lower guide surfaces, the engagement portion comprising a grip-enhancing feature for reducing slippage between the drive axle and the respective guide surfaces. The grip-enhancing feature may include a rubber elastic surface or another material or coating to achieve an improved coefficient of friction. In one embodiment, the grip-enhancing feature comprises reconstituted rubber containing a urethane binder.

[0009] In one embodiment, the upper guide surface and the lower guide surface are provided with grip-enhancing surfaces. The grip-enhancing surfaces may include notched surfaces or otherwise uneven surfaces. In one embodiment, the grip-enhancing surfaces are realized by a surface treatment comprising crushed glass and epoxy resin.

[0010] In one embodiment, the inclination angles of the upper and lower inclined guide surfaces are adjustable.

[0011] In one embodiment, the movement of the energy-generating capsule is guided by an upper guide surface (or multiple) when the capsule rises, and by a lower guide surface (or multiple) when the capsule descends.

[0012] The wave power device may be moored or tethered to the seabed or land, or to a natural feature, or it may be on a movable structure or vehicle that can be moved, positioned, and oriented away from the shore.

[0013] The wave power device can be partially submerged in the water at a height such that most of the upper and lower guide surfaces are above the wave bottom height, and most of the upper and lower guide surfaces are below the wave crest height.

[0014] In one embodiment, the height of the guide surface is adjustable. Alternatively, the height of the guide surface may be fixed.

[0015] In embodiments, the volume and weight of the energy generation capsule are selected such that the energy generation capsule weighs between about 10% and about 80% of the weight of an equivalent replacement volume of water from the body. For example, the volume and weight of the energy generation capsule are selected such that the energy generation capsule weighs between about 40% and about 60% of the weight of an equivalent replacement volume of water from the body. In embodiments, the volume and weight of the energy generation capsule are selected such that the energy generation capsule weighs between about 50% of the weight of an equivalent replacement volume of water from the body.

[0016] The wave power apparatus may include ballast. The ballast may contain water or may consist of a solid material of a suitable mass.

[0017] In a second embodiment, the present invention provides a wave power device for generating electrical energy, the wave power device comprising a wave power device according to the first embodiment, wherein the energy generating capsule comprises a generator having a drive shaft and a housing. The generator is rotatable relative to the housing about a capsule rotation axis, and the relative rotation of the generator drives the rotation of the drive shaft to generate electrical energy.

[0018] In one embodiment, the pinion is operably coupled to the drive shaft, and a complementary annular gear is located inside the housing and arranged to rotate with the housing, so that the rotation of the housing causes the rotation of the pinion. The pinion may be coupled to the drive shaft via a clutch. The clutch may be a sprag clutch or any other suitable clutch.

[0019] In this embodiment, the generator is positioned to be suspended from a support, and the support is positioned to rotate about the capsule rotation axis and relative to the housing, such that when the capsule rotates, the main part of the generator remains in the lower part of the energy generation capsule.

[0020] In this embodiment, the generator is an alternator.

[0021] In this embodiment, the drive shaft is parallel to the capsule rotation axis and offset from the capsule rotation axis.

[0022] In one embodiment, the drive shaft is coupled to the flywheel.

[0023] A cable may be provided to transfer the electricity generated by the generator from the energy generation capsule. In an embodiment, the cable exits the housing along the capsule's rotation axis. A slip ring may be provided at the point where the cable exits the housing.

[0024] In a third embodiment, the present invention provides a desalination apparatus comprising an energy generating apparatus according to the first embodiment, wherein the energy generating capsule comprises a housing, a pump located inside the housing, and a reverse osmosis filter fluidly connected to the pump. The filter has an inlet for receiving brine and an outlet for supplying desalinate water. The pump and filter are rotatable relative to the housing about a capsule rotation axis, and the relative rotation between the housing and the pump and filter drives the pump drive to pull or move brine through the filter.

[0025] In embodiments, the housing includes or defines a reservoir for saltwater, and the pump is fluidly coupled to the reservoir. The housing may have multiple inlets that allow saltwater to enter the reservoir.

[0026] The desalination apparatus comprises an internal casing within a housing, the internal casing containing a pump and a filter, and fixed to the pump and filter, while the housing is rotatable relative to the internal casing. The internal casing may be watertight. The internal casing may typically be filled with air, but alternatively, it may contain a vacuum or other gas.

[0027] In an embodiment, the pump comprises an inlet arranged to draw in salt water through an aperture of the casing.

[0028] In an embodiment, at least the main parts of the pump and the filter are suspended below the axis of rotation under gravity.

[0029] In an embodiment, the pump comprises a drive shaft, and a drive coupling is provided to operably couple the housing to the pump drive shaft, whereby rotation of the housing causes rotation of the drive shaft. The drive coupling may be coupled to the drive shaft via a clutch.

[0030] A central support is provided along the axis of rotation and may be fixed for rotation with the housing, and the drive coupling couples the pump to the central support.

[0031] In an embodiment, the filter outlet is fluidly coupled to a hose exiting the desalination device along the axis of rotation for conveying the desalinated water out of the device.

[0032] The filter may comprise one or more secondary outlets for conveying the waste brine from the desalination device.

[0033] The housing may comprise a plurality of curved waste outlets in fluid communication with one or more secondary outlets from the filter for dispersing the waste brine from the desalination device, and the plurality of curved waste outlets are sized and arranged such that the fluid exiting the tangential outlet induces a torque in the rotational direction with respect to the production capsule.

[0034] In embodiments, the housing includes a plurality of tangential waste outlets, which are in fluid communication with one or more secondary outlets from a filter, for dispersing waste brine from the desalination plant. The tangential outlets may be oriented / extended in a direction opposite to the unidirectional rotational direction of the generating capsule so that the fluid exiting the tangential outlets induces torque on the generating capsule.

[0035] In the embodiment, the desalination apparatus may include multiple filters. The filters may be arranged in series or in parallel.

[0036] In a fourth embodiment, the present invention provides a device for generating electrical energy, the device comprising a housing configured to rotate about a pivot axis, and a generator disposed inside the housing. The housing is rotatable relative to the generator, and the housing and the generator are coupled via a drive coupling such that the rotation of the housing relative to the generator drives the generator, thereby generating electrical energy.

[0037] In this embodiment, the generator is positioned to enable orbital motion of the generator around a rotation axis.

[0038] In embodiments, the generator is positioned to be suspended below the axis of rotation under gravity. For example, the generator is positioned to be suspended below the axis of rotation under gravity for the entire rotation of the housing. In embodiments, the generator is positioned to be suspended from a support, which is positioned to rotate about the axis of rotation and relative to the housing.

[0039] The generator may include a drive shaft, and the drive coupling may include a pinion operably coupled to the drive shaft, including a complementary annular gear located inside the housing and arranged to rotate with the housing, such that the rotation of the housing causes the rotation of the pinion.

[0040] In an embodiment, the pinion is coupled to the drive shaft via a clutch, for example, a sprag clutch, a freewheel clutch, an overrunning clutch, or any other suitable clutch.

[0041] In this embodiment, the drive shaft is parallel to the axis of rotation and offset from the axis of rotation.

[0042] In this embodiment, the generator is an alternator.

[0043] The device may further include a flywheel to smooth the power generation.

[0044] Cables may be provided to transfer the electricity generated by the generator from the housing. The cables may exit the housing along the rotation axis of the generation capsule.

[0045] The housing may be watertight. The housing may typically be filled with air, but alternatively, it may contain a vacuum or other gas.

[0046] In one embodiment, the housing includes two coaxial drive axles aligned with the axis of rotation, the drive axles being configured to roll along guide surfaces to induce rotation of the housing.

[0047] In the embodiment, each drive axle includes an engagement portion having a grip-enhancing feature for engagement between the drive axle and the guide surface, and for reducing slippage between the drive axle and the guide surface. The grip-enhancing feature may comprise a rubber elastic surface or a similar surface.

[0048] In embodiments, the device is intended for use in aquatic environments, and the housing is sealed to prevent water ingress.

[0049] In embodiments, the volume and weight of the device are selected such that the device weighs between about 10% and about 80% of the weight of an equivalent replacement volume of water from a body of water. For example, the volume and weight of the device are selected such that the device weighs between about 40% and about 60% of the weight of an equivalent replacement volume of water from a body of water. In embodiments, the volume and weight of the device are selected such that the device weighs between about 50% of the weight of an equivalent replacement volume of water from a body of water.

[0050] The apparatus may be equipped with ballast (which may be either brine or a suitable high-concentration solid substance).

[0051] In a fifth embodiment, the present invention provides a water treatment apparatus comprising a housing configured to rotate about a pivot axis, a pump located inside the housing, and a filter fluidly connected to the pump, having an inlet for receiving water and an outlet for supplying filtered water. The housing is rotatable relative to the pump and the filter, and the housing and the pump are coupled via a drive coupling such that the rotation of the housing relative to the pump drives the pump to pull or move water through the filter.

[0052] The water treatment device may have any one or more of the above-described features relating to the third embodiment.

[0053] In a sixth embodiment, the present invention provides a desalination apparatus comprising a housing configured to rotate about a pivot axis, a pump located inside the housing, and a reverse osmosis filter fluidly connected to the pump and having an inlet for receiving brine and an outlet for supplying desalinate water. The housing is rotatable relative to the pump and the filter, and the housing and the pump are coupled via a drive coupling such that the rotation of the housing relative to the pump drives the pump to pull or move brine through the filter.

[0054] In embodiments, the housing includes or defines a reservoir for saltwater, and a pump is fluidly coupled to the reservoir. The housing may include a plurality of inlets that allow saltwater to enter the reservoir. The inlets may include filters or grilles to prevent aquatic wildlife or debris from entering the reservoir.

[0055] In one embodiment, the desalination apparatus comprises an internal casing inside a housing, the internal casing includes a pump and a filter, and is fixed to the pump and filter, while the housing is rotatable relative to the internal casing.

[0056] In an embodiment, the internal casing is sealed to prevent water from entering the casing.

[0057] The pump may have an inlet positioned to draw saltwater through the aperture of the casing.

[0058] In this embodiment, the pump and filter are arranged to allow orbital motion of the pump and filter about a rotation axis relative to the housing.

[0059] In one embodiment, the pump is positioned to be suspended below the axis of rotation under gravity.

[0060] In one embodiment, the filter is positioned to be suspended below the axis of rotation under gravity.

[0061] In one embodiment, the pump is positioned to be suspended below the axis of rotation under gravity for the entire rotation of the housing.

[0062] In one embodiment, the filter is positioned to be suspended below the axis of rotation under gravity throughout the entire rotation of the housing.

[0063] In the embodiment, the pump comprises a drive shaft, and the drive coupling comprises a belt drive or other gear assembly operably coupled to the housing and the pump drive shaft, such that the rotation of the housing thereby causes the rotation of the drive shaft.

[0064] In embodiments, the drive coupling is coupled to the drive shaft via a clutch such as a sprag clutch, a freewheel clutch, an overrunning clutch, or any other suitable clutch.

[0065] In this embodiment, the drive shaft is parallel to the axis of rotation and offset from the axis of rotation.

[0066] A central support may be provided along the axis of rotation and fixed for rotation together with the housing, and the drive coupling is attached to the central support.

[0067] In this embodiment, the filter outlet is fluid-coupled to a hose that exits the desalination plant along a rotating shaft in order to transport the desalination water from the plant.

[0068] In an embodiment, the filter includes one or more secondary outlets for transporting waste brine from the desalination plant.

[0069] The housing may include a plurality of curved waste outlets, which are in fluid communication with one or more secondary outlets from a filter, for dispersing waste brine from the desalination plant, and the plurality of curved waste outlets are arranged such that the fluid exiting the tangential outlet induces a rotational torque on the production capsule.

[0070] The housing may include a plurality of tangential waste outlets in fluid communication with one or more secondary outlets from a filter for dispersing waste brine from the desalination plant.

[0071] In this embodiment, the tangential outlet extends in a direction opposite to the rotational direction of the desalination plant, such that the fluid exiting the tangential outlet induces a torque in the rotational direction of the desalination plant relative to the desalination plant.

[0072] The housing may include two coaxial drive axles aligned with the axis of rotation, the drive axles configured to roll along guide surfaces to induce rotation of the housing.

[0073] Each drive axle includes an engagement portion having grip-enhancing features for engagement between the drive axle and the guide surface, and for reducing slippage between the drive axle and the guide surface. The grip-enhancing features may comprise a rubber elastic surface or another material that provides an increased coefficient of friction.

[0074] In embodiments, the volume and weight of the desalination plant are selected such that the desalination plant weighs between approximately 10% and approximately 80% of the weight of an equivalent volume of water from the body. For example, the volume and weight of the desalination plant are selected such that the desalination plant weighs between approximately 40% and approximately 60% of the weight of an equivalent volume of water from the body. In embodiments, the volume and weight of the desalination plant are selected such that the desalination plant weighs between approximately 50% of the weight of an equivalent volume of water from the body.

[0075] The desalination plant may include ballast. For example, ballast for filling with a variable amount of water, or ballast made of a suitable solid, high-density material.

[0076] In a seventh embodiment, the present invention provides a water pumping device comprising an external housing configured to rotate about a pivot axis, and a pump located within the external housing, wherein the external housing is rotatable relative to the pump, and the external housing and the pump are operably coupled via a drive coupling such that the rotation of the external housing relative to the pump drives the pump to pull or move water from the device to the shore for storage or use.

[0077] The water pressure pumping device may have any one or more of the above-described features relating to the third embodiment.

[0078] The present invention is further broadly said to reside in the parts, elements, and features described or shown in this specification, individually or collectively, and in any combination of any two or more such parts, elements, or features. Where any particular integer known to be an equivalent in the art relating to the present invention is referred to herein, such known equivalents are deemed to be incorporated herein as if they were described individually.

[0079] As used herein and in the claims, the term “comprising” means “consisting at least in part of.” In this specification and in the claims, when interpreting expressions containing the term “comprising,” other features may exist in addition to those introduced by this term. Related terms such as “comprise” and “comprised” should be interpreted in a similar manner.

[0080] As used herein and in the claims, the term “wave” includes waves and swells generated over lakes, rivers, seas, and oceans.

[0081] References to the range of numbers disclosed herein (e.g., 1 to 10) are intended to further include references to all rational numbers within that range, and to any range of rational numbers within that range (e.g., 1 to 6, 1.5 to 5.5, and 3.1 to 10). Accordingly, all subranges of all ranges expressly disclosed herein are hereby expressly disclosed.

[0082] As used herein, the term "(plural(s))" following a noun means the plural and / or singular form of that noun. As used herein, the term "and / or" means "and" or "or," or both, where the context allows.

[0083] Next, the present invention will be described only by example and with reference to the accompanying drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0084] [Figure 1] This is a perspective view of an exemplary apparatus for generating rotational energy from swell waves. [Figure 2] This is a schematic side view illustrating the operation of the apparatus shown in Figure 1, where the energy generation capsule is located between the peak and trough of the wave. [Figure 3] This is a partial perspective view showing the location of the energy generation capsule of the device in Figure 1, which is located at the wave peak. [Figure 4] This is a partial perspective view showing the location of the energy generation capsule of the device in Figure 1, which is located at the bottom of the wave. [Figure 5] This is a perspective view of an energy generation capsule, one embodiment of a device for generating electrical energy. [Figure 6] Figure 5 is a cutaway diagram of the energy generation capsule. [Figure 7] This is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a desalination apparatus. [Figure 8] Figure 7 is a cutaway perspective view of the device. [Figure 9] Figures 7 and 8 show further broken perspective views of the embodiments. [Figure 10] This is a fractured perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a desalination apparatus. [Figure 11] This is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a device for generating rotational energy from swell waves. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0085] While the present invention can be embodied in many different forms to facilitate understanding of the principles of the present invention, we will now refer to Figures 1 to 6 to show an exemplary embodiment apparatus 1 for generating rotational energy from the horizontal (surge) force component and / or vertical (uplift) force component of waves, as well as associated buoyancy / displacement forces, for example, in a lake, sea, or ocean.

[0086] Referring to Figure 1, the device 1 comprises a buoyancy energy generating capsule 3 and an upper inclined guide surface 5 and a lower inclined guide surface 7. The device 1 is configured to be partially submerged in water during use. Part or most of the device may protrude above the water level during use.

[0087] The upper inclined guide surface 5 and the lower inclined guide surface 7 are substantially parallel surfaces that are spaced vertically apart from each other. The upper inclined guide surface 5 and the lower inclined guide surface 7 may be opposing surfaces facing each other. The upper guide surface 5 may be positioned directly above the lower guide surface, or it may be offset horizontally.

[0088] Some embodiments may include two or more upper guide surfaces 5 and two or more lower guide surfaces 7. In the shown embodiment, the device 1 comprises two laterally spaced and parallel upper guide surfaces 5 and two laterally spaced and parallel lower guide surfaces 7. These guide surfaces 5, 7 are arranged as left and right pairs of opposing upper and lower inclined guide surfaces and lower inclined guide surfaces.

[0089] Each pair of upper guide surfaces 5 and each pair of lower guide surfaces 7 define a motion track 6 between them for receiving a portion of the energy generation capsule 3. The motion track 6 is in the shape of an elongated slot with a slot width w wider than the diameter of the receiving portion of the energy generation capsule 3, such that the receiving portion of the energy generation capsule 3 contacts only one of the upper guide surfaces 5 or the lower guide surfaces 7 at a given time.

[0090] In the embodiment shown, the upper guide surface 5 and the lower guide surface 7 are in the form of guide rails realized by the frame 4. The frame includes a support structure and end stops 11a, 11b, which connect each upper guide surface 5 and their respective lower guide surfaces 7, defining the ends of the motion track 6. Optionally, the frame may include other members to provide rigidity, in particular to maintain the spacing between the upper guide surface 5 and the lower guide surface 7. In an alternative embodiment, the frame 4 may have other forms. For example, each motion track 6 may be realized by inclined slots in a plate, with the slot sides forming the upper and lower guide surfaces.

[0091] Guide surfaces 5 and 7 are inclined from the horizontal. The inclination, length, and height of guide surfaces 5 and 7 are selected such that the lower end 11a remains submerged during use and is located below the lowest expected wave bottom, while the upper end 11b is located above the highest expected wave peak during use.

[0092] In applications where the device is installed in a location affected by tides, wave peaks may be highest at high tide and wave bottoms may be lowest at low tide. The device may optionally be installed and configured to rise and fall with the tide so that it is higher relative to the seabed at high tide and lower at low tide.

[0093] In some embodiments, the upper guide surface 5 and the lower guide surface 7 may include vertical or nearly vertical portions of the upper and / or lower ends of the guide surfaces that allow for further upward movement at the upper end of the motion track 6 and / or further downward movement at the lower end of the motion track 6. This can reduce the risk of excessive force being transmitted to the frame in situations where the wave peak exceeds the expected height or the wave bottom is lower than expected. The upper ends 11b and / or lower ends 11a of the guide surfaces 5, 7 may be joined (as shown) to form a stopper, or they may be open in embodiments that have sufficient extra length to exceed the expected maximum and minimum motion heights.

[0094] In the embodiments shown, the guide surfaces 5 and 7 are oriented with a 1:4 inclination. However, the inclination may vary between embodiments and may be selected depending on the characteristics of the installation site, the inertial characteristics of the energy generation capsule, the expected wave profile (including amplitude and frequency), and / or the requirements for the generated output. For example, the guide surfaces may be inclined at an angle α between about 3 degrees and about 70 degrees, preferably between about 5 degrees and about 45 degrees, for example, between about 10 degrees and about 30 degrees. In the exemplary embodiments shown herein, the inclination angle α is about 14 degrees higher than the horizontal, but in alternative embodiments, the inclination angle may be smaller or larger.

[0095] In some embodiments, the gradient angle α may be adjustable. For example, this may be done by adjusting the angle of the frame 4, or by tilting the frame 4 or the device 1 as a whole. The angle α may be adjustable during installation and / or during use of the device 1 to synchronize the performance of the device with the prevailing wave conditions at the installation site.

[0096] In some embodiments, the gradient angle α may be configured to vary between the upward and downward strokes of the device. For example, in one embodiment, the guide rail may be hinged or pivotable around an axis near the lower end of the guide rail so as to be movable between the maximum and minimum gradient angles. The guide rail may be biased toward the maximum gradient angle. With the mass of the capsule acting to reduce the incline under gravity, the incline of the guide rail is steeper during the upward motion of the energy-generating capsule 3 and flatter during the downward motion of the energy-generating capsule 3. Such a configuration may be useful in improving the synchronization between the device and the dominant wave profile, particularly in environments where the wave profile is not sinusoidal. This can provide an element of automatic environment tuning, and therefore optimization toward the dominant state.

[0097] The adjustment of the inclination angle between upward and downward movement may, alternatively, be configured to intentionally induce asynchronous motion between the device and the wave. For example, if it is determined in response to ambient environmental conditions that it would be optimal for the device to be "out of phase" with the dominant wave. Asynchronous motion may be desirable in embodiments where the inclination angle of the guide surface is small and the wave movement causes the capsule to be subjected to high levels of flooding and submersion by the wave.

[0098] The inclined guide surfaces 5 and 7 may follow straight or curved inclined paths. The guide surfaces 5 and 7 may have straight, horizontal, angled, or curved, for example, curved cross-sectional profiles. The cross-sectional profiles of the two guide surfaces may be opposite and symmetrical. Curved or symmetrical angled profiles can help promote stable engagement, prevent "racking" or twisting of the energy generation capsule 3 around the vertical axis, and / or regulate the rotational speed along the motion track 6 of the energy generation capsule.

[0099] Referring next to Figures 5 and 6, the drive axle 9 may have positioning features or other contours, such as a lip or flange 12, to precisely position the engaging portion of the drive axle on each guide surface and / or to prevent excessive lateral movement of the drive axle 9, maintain the generated capsule 3 in an orthogonal orientation relative to the guide rail, and minimize or prevent "racking" or twisting around the vertical axis. Embodiment 201 shown in Figure 11 shows one alternative form of flange for engaging with the guide rail. Further or alternatively, a stabilizer running longitudinally along the length of the guide rail may be provided to provide additional rigidity.

[0100] "Racking" or twisting of the generation capsule around the vertical axis can also be minimized or prevented by coating the lip or flange 12 or other stabilizer in contact with the guide rail, and / or the corresponding contact surface of the guide rail or frame 4, with a low-friction material or coating, such as ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). The UHMWPE coating is to ensure that the generation capsule does not get caught or jammed on the guide rail.

[0101] The upper guide surface 5 and the lower guide surface 7 each include grip-enhancing features to increase the coefficient of friction between the energy generation capsule and the guide surface. For example, the guide surface 5 and the guide surface 7 may each have rough surfaces such as notched surfaces, grooved surfaces, or otherwise uneven surfaces. Alternatively, the upper guide surface 5 and the lower guide surface 7 may be coated with a friction-enhancing coating or cover, or may contain a material selected to provide increased friction between the guide surface and the energy generation capsules 5 and 7.

[0102] In the embodiment shown, the energy generation capsule 3 includes two coaxial drive axles 9. The drive axles 9 extend along the capsule rotation axis RA and define the capsule rotation axis RA.

[0103] The drive axle 9 may be fixed to the housing 10, which is the body of the energy generation capsule 3, so that the body of the energy generation capsule 3 and the drive axle 9 move and rotate synchronously as a whole. The drive axle 9 may be integrally formed with the body of the energy generation capsule 3, or it may be firmly fixed to the housing 10.

[0104] In an alternative embodiment, the drive axle 9 may be rotatably mounted relative to the body of the energy generating capsule 3 such that rotation of the drive axle at a first rotational speed causes rotation of the body at a second different rotational speed, and may be coupled to the body of the energy generating capsule via a drive coupling such as a belt drive and a variable speed transmission system.

[0105] Each drive axle 9 is supported by its respective guide track 6 and has engaging portions arranged to engage with its respective upper guide surface 5 and lower guide surface 7, and further to roll along its respective upper guide surface 5 and lower guide surface 7. In this way, each drive axle 9 causes the generated capsule 3 to rotate about the capsule's axis of rotation RA.

[0106] The drive axle engagement portion may include grip-enhancing features to reduce slippage between the drive axle 9 and the respective guide surfaces 5 and 7. For example, the engagement portion may be encased in a rubber-elastic material such as a rugged rubber coating or cover. Alternatively, the engagement portion may have a coating or cover made of an alternative material that increases the coefficient of friction between the drive axle 9 and the respective guide surfaces 5 and 7. Alternatively, each drive axle 9 may have a rough surface such as a notched surface, a grooved surface, or a surface that is otherwise uneven, or an alternative treatment, coating, or cover. This grip-enhancing feature is intended to work in conjunction with the friction-enhancing upper guide surface 5 and lower guide surface 7 to prevent the drive axle from sliding along the guide surfaces, so that instead the drive axle grips the relevant surface, forcing the generated capsule to rotate on its axis and move along the motion track 6.

[0107] In some alternative embodiments, the upper guide surface 5 and the lower guide surface 7 may have engagement features such as elongated surfaces, ribs, or a series of recesses configured to engage with complementary engagement features or a complementary axle profile on the drive axle 9, thereby preventing slippage between the components.

[0108] In other embodiments, one or more pairs of secondary guide rails may be located on either side of the circumferential "fins" protruding from the generating capsule, and laterally parallel to the generating capsule below and / or above it. These pairs of secondary guide rails may help provide additional guidance to the capsule as it moves linearly, depending on the dominant environmental conditions.

[0109] Some embodiments may include features on the outer surface of the capsule, such as built-in contours or vanes, to maximize the use of waves that promote rotation.

[0110] In the embodiment shown, the width w of the guide track 6 is greater than the diameter of the axle 9 so that the drive axle 9 contacts only the lower guide surface 7 or the upper guide surface 5 at a given time. The width w of the guide track 6 is selected to be slightly greater than the diameter of the axle 9. Preferably, the width w is selected to be between about 101% and about 110% of the diameter of the axle 9.

[0111] The energy generation capsule 3 is a buoyant; that is, the energy generation capsule 3 is lighter than the equivalent volume of water it displaces, and therefore, when partially or completely submerged, it receives buoyancy that causes it to rise to the surface of the water body. The volume and weight of the energy generation capsule 3 are selected so that the energy generation capsule 3 weighs between about 10% and about 80% of the weight of the equivalent volume of water it replaces. In embodiments relating to use in saltwater, the energy generation capsule 3 may weigh between about 10% and about 80% of the weight of the equivalent volume of saltwater it replaces. In embodiments relating to use in freshwater, the energy generation capsule 3 may weigh between about 10% and about 80% of the weight of the equivalent volume of freshwater it replaces. In some embodiments, the volume and weight of the energy generation capsule 3 are selected so that it weighs between about 40% and about 60% of the weight of the equivalent volume of freshwater or saltwater it replaces. In this example, the energy generation capsule 3 weighs about 50% of the weight of the equivalent volume of freshwater or saltwater it replaces.

[0112] The ratio of the longitudinal length of the energy generation capsule to its diameter or lateral dimension may vary between embodiments. In some embodiments of the generation capsule, the ratio of length to diameter is higher, while in some embodiments, the ratio is lower. The shape and form of the energy generation capsule may be selected depending on the expected location and environmental conditions. Other embodiments may not have a circular cross-sectional profile.

[0113] The housing 10 of the energy generation capsule 3 may include a polymer material, such as high-density polyethylene, or any other suitable material such as an aluminum alloy or composite material. Ballast (not shown) may be provided inside the housing 10 so that the weight of the capsule 3 can be increased to the required value. The ballast may include a space, tank, or chamber inside the capsule 3 that can be filled with water at least partially. This is advantageous as it allows for the addition of further weight to the energy generation capsule at the installation site, avoiding the need to transport the additional weight by land or from the shore to the installation site, and allowing the user to vary the additional weight to optimize the device according to the environmental conditions at the time. The ballast may have sufficient volume to be selectively filled to submerge the energy generation capsule, for example, to temporarily survive a storm.

[0114] Device 1 is intended to be moored to the seabed, ground, or structure such that it is partially submerged in the water. The device may be fixed directly to the ground, for example via ropes, or moored via existing infrastructure such as oil drilling rigs, offshore wind turbines, docks, piers, or breakwaters, for example by tethering or fixing the device to the infrastructure, or by mooring to a mooring structure with partial surface free movement. Alternatively, the device may be on a movable structure or vehicle that can be moved, positioned, and oriented away from the shore. Device 1 is configured to be oriented with guide tracks 6 substantially parallel to the direction of the swell S, with the lower end 11a of the guide surface positioned in the water and oriented toward the direction of the approaching swell.

[0115] Device 1 may be fixed to the ground, or it may be located on a movable structure or vehicle that can be moved, positioned, and oriented away from the shore in a location with a consistent swell / wave direction, such as a shore-proximity location near the shore. In locations where the swell direction S is variable, the orientation of the device may be adjustable. For example, the orientation of device 1 may be selectively adjustable, or the device may be configured to self-orient in the swell direction. In some embodiments, the device may be moored to the seabed via ropes to allow rotation of the device about an anchor point, and the device may include a rudder, fins, or other features configured to be aligned parallel to the direction of the current, thereby enabling the device to self-orient.

[0116] In some embodiments, the structure may be able to rise and fall relative to the seabed, for example, in response to tides. This may be due to the adjustable height of the structure relative to the seabed, or due to the structure having intermediate buoyancy.

[0117] The apparatus is installed such that the upper ends 11b of the guide surfaces 5 and 7 are positioned above the water surface. Preferably, the upper ends 11b remain above the water surface throughout the entire wave period, i.e., the upper ends 11b are positioned higher than the expected maximum wave peak. Preferably, the lower ends 11a remain submerged in the water throughout the entire wave period, i.e., the lower ends 11a are positioned lower than the expected lowest wave bottom.

[0118] The height and / or inclination of device 1 may be fixed, for example, to a location where the swell is stable and consistent. Alternatively, the height and / or inclination of guide surfaces 5, 7 may be adjustable. For example, the device may be moored to the seabed via one or more adjustable ropes of adjustable length.

[0119] In some embodiments, the device 1 may be selectively lowered temporarily below the water surface during storm conditions to minimize the risk of damage to the device. This may be done, for example, by shortening an adjustable rope. Alternatively, the device 1 may be equipped with one or more actuators that can be selectively operated to temporarily raise the device 1 above the water surface during storm conditions to minimize the risk of damage to the device. Preferably, the majority of the upper and lower guide surfaces are located both above the wave bottom height and below the wave crest height. The lengths of the guide surfaces 5 and 7 located both above the wave bottom height and below the wave crest height are the effective lengths of the guide surfaces along which the energy generation capsule will roll and generate rotational kinetic energy.

[0120] Next, the operation of device 1 will be explained by referring to Figures 2 through 4 individually.

[0121] At an intermediate position of the device 1, the energy generation capsule 3 is located on the water surface with part of it above the water level and part of it below the water surface. At this stationary position, the ratio of the portion of the capsule above the water surface to the portion below the water surface is determined, at least partially, by the buoyancy of the capsule 3.

[0122] As the incoming wave approaches, it floods the energy generation capsule 3, causing it to be partially or completely submerged below the wave surface, at least instantaneously. The capsule 3, now submerged, then experiences a buoyant force acting vertically upward relative to it. This buoyant force compresses the capsule drive axle 9, bringing it into contact with the upper guide surface 5. The upper guide surface 5 restricts the capsule's upward movement, preventing it from floating straight up, and instead guides the capsule 3 forward, in the direction of the wave motion S, and gradually upward.

[0123] The frictional force between the drive axle 9 and the upper guide surface 5 prevents the drive axle 9 from sliding along the guide surface, and instead generates a torque on the energy generation capsule 3, causing the energy generation capsule 3 to spin in the rotational direction r around the capsule rotation axis RA.

[0124] As the water level in the energy generation capsule 3 continues to increase during the wave period, the wave moves over the device from its crest to its peak, causing the energy generation capsule 3 to rise with the water level. When the capsule 3 is pushed forward and upward toward the upper end 11b of the device, it rolls along the upper guide surface 5 around its axis of rotation RA. This occurs even when the generation capsule is no longer completely submerged.

[0125] The duration or proportion of each wave period in which the energy generation capsule 3 remains submerged will depend on the capsule's buoyancy, its rotational inertia, the diameter of the drive shaft 9, the inclination of the guide surface, and the utilization characteristics of the kinetic energy inside the capsule, as well as the characteristics of the waves passing through it. If rotational energy is used to generate electricity (as further described below), the speed of the capsule's motion may be affected by and / or manipulated by the pulled current; if kinetic energy is used to desalinate water (as further described below), the speed of the capsule's motion may be affected by and / or manipulated by the pump's discharge rate.

[0126] In embodiments, flow smoothing / control devices may be provided to manipulate the rotation speed of the generating capsule to ensure a generally smooth water flow and to reliably ensure that the rotation speed of the generating capsule is in phase with the dominant wave or out of phase depending on the ambient environmental conditions. Such flow smoothing devices may include an accumulator and may include valves for selectively changing the aperture size to vary the flow rate of fluid from the accumulator.

[0127] Manipulating the speed of capsule motion by changing the current being drawn, the pump discharge rate, or by using flow smoothing equipment can be useful to ensure that the generating capsule is in phase with the dominant wave, or intentionally out of phase. Out-of-phase motion may have applications that allow the incoming wave to have more time to completely submerge the generating capsule, thereby increasing the buoyancy available to the generating capsule during the upward stroke.

[0128] The drive axle 9 moves toward the upper end 11b of the guide surface, but preferably does not reach the upper end before the wave peak has passed. If the drive axle 9 does reach the upper end 11b, for example in the case of very large waves, the end 11b acts as a stopper to prevent further movement of the generating capsule.

[0129] As the wave peak passes the energy generation capsule, capsule 3 is positioned completely above the water surface, at least momentarily. At this point, gravity acting on capsule 3 causes it to fall, thereby bringing the drive axle 9 into contact with the lower guide surface 7.

[0130] The lower guide surface 7 suppresses the downward movement of the capsule 7, thereby preventing the capsule from falling further straight down, and instead guides the capsule backward relative to the direction of the undulation S.

[0131] The frictional force between the drive axle 9 and the lower guide surface 7 prevents the drive axle 9 from sliding along the guide surface 7, and instead generates a torque on the energy-generating capsule 3, causing the capsule 3 to spin in the rotational direction r around the capsule rotation axis RA. The spin direction r is the same as the rotational direction for the upward motion of the capsule 3, so that the rotational direction of the capsule is unidirectional throughout the entire period. This is advantageous because it can reduce energy losses that may arise from a system in which the rotation of the energy-generating capsule 3 changes between the upward and downward strokes, thereby resulting in a more efficient configuration. Preferably, the distance w between the two linked guide surfaces is small so that the transition between the upward and downward strokes is almost instantaneous.

[0132] As the water level in the energy generation capsule 3 continues to fall as the wave peak moves away from the device, the energy generation capsule 3 rolls down the guide surface 7 toward the lower end 11a of the device under gravity, and as the energy generation capsule 3 descends with the water level, it rolls along the lower guide surface 7 around its axis of rotation. This occurs even when the generation capsule is no longer completely above the water surface.

[0133] The duration or percentage of each cycle in which the energy generation capsule 3 is completely out of the water will depend on the buoyancy of the capsule 3, its inertia, and the characteristics of the waves passing through it, as described above with respect to the duration when the energy generation capsule 3 is completely or partially submerged.

[0134] The drive axle 9 moves toward the lower end 11a of the guide surface, but preferably does not reach the lower end before the wave bottom passes. If the drive axle 9 reaches the lower end 11a, the end 11a acts as a stopper to prevent further movement of the energy generation capsule 3. In other embodiments, the inclined guide surface has an increased inclination that is nearly vertical at the lowest end, so that any unexpectedly low bottom does not put excessive stress on the entire system and thus acts as a pressure safety valve.

[0135] This process repeats periodically each time a wave passes through.

[0136] For a given wave amplitude, the lower guide surface inclination angle α requires longer guide surfaces 5 and 7, which means that the energy generation capsule must complete more rotations to move along the guide surfaces each time a wave passes through, which is generally advantageous for the generation of rotational kinetic energy.

[0137] Figure 11 shows an alternative embodiment apparatus 201. In this embodiment, unless otherwise noted, the same reference numerals are used to describe similar features as in the embodiments of Figures 1 to 6, but with the addition of 200.

[0138] power generation In some embodiments of the apparatus 1, the rotational kinetic energy of the energy generation capsule 3 may be utilized to generate electricity. Figure 6 illustrates one exemplary embodiment in which the energy generation capsule comprises the apparatus 3 for generating electrical energy.

[0139] The housing 10 of the device 3 accommodates at least one generator 21 having a drive shaft 27. In the shown embodiment, the capsule 3 includes two generators 21 located at adjacent, opposite ends of the housing 10.

[0140] The generator 21 may comprise any suitable generator or alternator. In an exemplary embodiment, the generator is a permanent magnet coreless axial flux generator.

[0141] Each generator 21 is positioned to rotate around the capsule's rotation axis and relative to the capsule housing 10. The generators 21 can rotate freely and independently of the rotation of the energy generation capsule 3.

[0142] In the illustrated embodiment, a support 23 coaxial with the rotation axis RA is provided inside the housing 10. The support 23 is connected to the housing 10 via bearings 33, which allow the support 23 to rotate about the rotation axis RA independently of and relative to the capsule housing 10. In an exemplary embodiment, the support 23 comprises a circular end member with three rods extending between circular end members; however, in alternative embodiments, the support may have many other forms. For example, the support 23 may consist of a cylindrical member coaxial with the rotation axis.

[0143] Each generator 21 is connected to a support 23 via a hanger 25, which is fixed to the support 23 so that the generator 21 is suspended from the support 23 under gravity. The weight of the generators 21 and hangers 25, as well as the free rotation of the support 23, result in the generators 21 remaining substantially stationary in the lower part of the energy generation capsule throughout each rotation of the housing 10 as the capsule rotates and moves along the guide surfaces 5, 7. In embodiments that include ballast, the ballast can further contribute to a force that biases the generators 21 to remain substantially stationary in the lower part of the energy generation capsule throughout each rotation of the housing 10.

[0144] Each generator 21 is equipped with a drive shaft 27 for driving the generator. The drive shaft 27 is parallel to the rotation axis RA of the capsule 3 and offset from the rotation axis RA. Each drive shaft 27 is coupled to the capsule housing 10 such that the relative rotation of the housing 10 with respect to the generator drives the rotation of the drive shaft 27.

[0145] In the embodiment shown, the pinion 29 is mounted on or coupled to each drive shaft 27 and configured to mesh with a complementary annular gear 31, which is located inside adjacent ends of the capsule housing. The annular gear 31 is fixed to the housing 10 and rotates integrally with the housing.

[0146] In other embodiments, each drive shaft 27 of the generator 21 may be coupled to the capsule housing 10 in a different manner. For example, in some embodiments, a belt drive may be provided between the housing drive shaft 15 and the generator 21, with, for example, a larger gear provided on the internally protruding portion of the housing drive shaft 15 and smaller gears provided on each generator drive shaft 27.

[0147] During operation, as the energy generation capsule 3 rotates, the annular gear 31 also rotates, but the drive shaft 27 remains in a nearly constant orbital position because the generator is at least partially suspended under its own weight. The relative motion between the annular gear 31 and the drive shaft 27 causes the pinion gear 29 to rotate, driving the generator 21 and generating an electric current.

[0148] In some embodiments, the pinion 29 may be coupled to the drive shaft 27 via a clutch (not shown) to prevent the rotation of the drive shaft from being reduced by slowing the rotation of the energy capsule 3. The clutch can be any suitable clutch that disengages when the rotational speed of the drive is less than the rotational speed of the driven. Examples include a sprag clutch or a freewheel.

[0149] In some embodiments, a flywheel 37 may be provided to smooth power generation throughout the wave period. The flywheel 37 may help store rotational kinetic energy when the energy generation capsule is rotating at its maximum speed, and the generator 21 utilizes that rotational energy when the rotational speed of the capsule 3 decreases, for example, when the energy generation capsule is moving between the upper guide rail 5 and the lower guide rail 7.

[0150] The flywheel 37 may be operably coupled to each generator drive shaft 21. In some embodiments, the flywheel 37 may be mounted on the drive shaft. In the shown embodiment, a single flywheel 37 is rotatably mounted on a central support 23 via bearings so that the flywheel can rotate freely around the support 23 independently of the rotation of the support 23 at a speed that may be faster than the rotational speed of the drive shaft 27. The flywheel is coupled to each generator drive shaft 27 via a belt drive 39 or gear system.

[0151] In some embodiments where ballast is required, the ballast may be included as a flywheel.

[0152] The current generated by device 3 must be transferred from the housing so that it can be utilized. In the shown embodiment, there is an export cable 15 for transferring the current generated by the generator from the housing 10. Internally, the cable passes through a central opening 38 of the support member 23 along the capsule rotation axis RA. The cable further exits the housing 10 along the capsule rotation axis so that the energy generation capsule can rotate relative to the cable 15.

[0153] The point where the cable 15 exits the housing 10 is sealed to prevent water from entering the housing 10. For example, a slip ring 35 may be incorporated into each drive axle 9 to seal the exit point while allowing further rotation.

[0154] Cable 15 runs away from the generation unit and is long enough not to interfere with the operation of device 1. The export cable 15 may connect to the main cable to send power to the shore, or the export cable 15 may connect directly to a power storage device. In some embodiments, tightly wound electrical cables may be used to allow for the necessary slack. Furthermore, in some embodiments, export cables may be on both sides of the generation capsule to balance the resulting cable resistance effect (in some cases one of them may not function but provide surplus capacity as a spare).

[0155] Water treatment and desalination plants In some embodiments of the apparatus 1, the energy generation capsule 3 may include a water treatment device such as a water filter or desalination device 103 that utilizes the rotational kinetic energy of the capsule to operate a pump and a filter.

[0156] The water treatment apparatus 103 may be rotatably driven in the same manner as described above with respect to the power generation embodiment of the energy generation capsule, in relation to the apparatus shown in Figures 1 to 4, or the water treatment apparatus 103 may be rotatably driven using an alternative apparatus or method.

[0157] Figures 7 to 9 illustrate one exemplary embodiment of a desalination apparatus 103 for desalination of brine for operation in a saltwater marine environment, which is described herein. Figure 10 shows an alternative embodiment apparatus 212. In the embodiment of Figure 10, unless otherwise stated, similar reference numerals are used to describe similar features present in the embodiments of Figures 7 to 9, but with the addition of 100. Further embodiments are expected to include some features from the embodiments of Figures 7 to 9 and some features from the embodiment of Figure 10.

[0158] The apparatus 212 includes an internal energy recovery device (not shown) rather than a molded waste outlet. Therefore, the waste brine exits the apparatus at a lower pressure.

[0159] The desalination apparatus 103 includes a housing 110, and a pump 121 and a reverse osmosis desalination filter 122 are provided inside the housing 110. In some embodiments, the apparatus includes a single desalination filter 122, and in other embodiments, a plurality of desalination filters 222 may be provided.

[0160] As described in more detail below, the housing 110 is configured to rotate about a rotation axis RA' and relative to the pump 121 and the filter 122, and the relative rotation works to operate the pump 121. The filter 122 is in fluid communication with the pump 121 so that the pump 121 can move or pull fluid through the filter 122.

[0161] The housing 110 defines an internal reservoir 114 that is in fluid communication with an inlet 124 to the pump 121. The reservoir 114 is configured to receive and hold seawater for desalination. In the shown embodiment, the housing 110 includes a plurality of inlets 116 that allow saltwater to enter the reservoir.

[0162] In an exemplary embodiment, the housing 110 is generally cylindrical and comprises two end walls 111a, 111b. The inlet comprises a plurality of apertures 116 on the two end walls 111a, 111b of the housing 110. A water-permeable filter or micro-grill is provided across each aperture 116 to allow seawater to flow into the housing 110 through the apertures 116 while preventing the undesirable ingress of debris or marine life into the reservoir 114.

[0163] The aperture 116 may be unidirectional water permeable, allowing water to flow into the housing 110 rather than out of it. The aperture 116 may be air-impermeable when above the water level to prevent air from entering the housing. For example, each aperture 116 may be equipped with a unidirectional valve such as an umbrella valve, a mushroom valve, or a diaphragm valve, another suitable valve, or a combination thereof. The housing may additionally or alternatively include apertures or protruding flanges in the cylindrical wall of the housing 110 to further facilitate the inflow of water into the reservoir 114.

[0164] In the embodiment shown, one or more closable apertures 118 are provided in the cylindrical wall of the housing 110. These apertures 118 are selectively openable and may be useful in allowing the reservoir 114 to be prepared by filling the reservoir 114 with seawater through these apertures during installation. The apertures 118 can then be sealed using plugs or other covers during operation.

[0165] Additionally or alternatively, the closable aperture 118 may be used as a maintenance hatch to facilitate maintenance of internal components.

[0166] The reservoir 114 may be configured to have a capacity that ensures the device reaches the desired operating mass when the reservoir is full or nearly full. That is, the reservoir can function as a ballast in some embodiments.

[0167] An internal casing 112 is provided inside the housing 110, and the internal casing 112 includes a pump and a filter, and is fixed to the pump 121 and the desalination filter 122. The internal casing 112 is rotatably mounted inside the housing 110 such that there is relative rotation between the housing and the internal casing.

[0168] In the embodiment shown, the internal casing includes a cylindrical body concentric with the cylindrical body of the housing 110. However, in an alternative embodiment, the casing may have a different shape.

[0169] The internal casing 112 is sealed to prevent water from entering the casing from the reservoir 114, thereby protecting the outer surfaces of the pump 121, filter 122, and drive coupling 139 (described below) from being exposed to saltwater and contributing to the buoyancy of the capsule when submerged.

[0170] The internal casing 112 is rotatable about the rotation axis RA'. In the shown embodiment, the device 103 includes a central support 123 along the rotation axis RA'. The internal casing 112 is rotatably mounted on the central support so as to rotate freely about the central support 123 substantially independently of the housing 110.

[0171] In the embodiment shown, the central support 123 comprises a shaft coaxial with the two drive axles 113. The shaft 123 extends longitudinally between the two drive axles 113, inside the device 103 and the internal casing 112. However, other forms of the central support are conceivable. For example, although the central support 123 is shown as a single unit extending between the two ends of the housing, alternatively, the central support may comprise a first support portion at the first end of the housing 110 and a second support portion at the second end of the housing. In other embodiments, the central support 123 may comprise several parallel tubes or struts parallel to but offset from the rotation axis RA'.

[0172] In the embodiment shown, the central support 123 is fixed to the housing 110 so as to rotate in conjunction with the housing. For example, the central support 123 may be fixed to the housing 110 or may be integrally formed with the housing 110.

[0173] In an alternative embodiment, the central support 123 may be mounted rotatably relative to the housing 110 via a drive coupling, such as a belt drive and a variable speed transmission system, such that the rotation of the housing 110 at a first rotational speed causes the central support 123 to rotate at a second different rotational speed.

[0174] In the embodiment shown, the central support 123 extends through an aperture in the end wall 128 of the internal casing 112. The internal casing 112 is mounted to the central support 123 at the end wall aperture via a sealed waterproof bearing 130, allowing rotation between the internal casing 112 and the central support 123 while preventing water from entering the internal casing 112.

[0175] The pump 121 is positioned to rotate freely around the rotation axis RA'. The pump 121 can rotate freely and substantially independently of the rotation of the housing 110 and the central support 123. The pump 121 may also be positioned to be suspended below the rotation axis RA' under the gravitational force acting on the mass of the pump.

[0176] The filter 122 may also be positioned to rotate freely around the rotation axis RA'. The filter 122 can rotate freely and almost independently of the rotation of the housing 110. The filter 122 may also be positioned to be suspended below the rotation axis RA' under the gravitational force acting on the filter's mass.

[0177] As in the exemplary embodiment, the pump 121 and filter 122 may be coupled such that they move in conjunction and there is no relative rotation between the pump 121 and the filter 122. The pump 121 and filter 122 may be further fixed to the internal casing 112 so that they rotate together with the internal casing 112 about the rotation axis RA'. Alternatively, the filter 122 may be coaxial with the rotation axis RA'. The filter 122 may rotate with the internal casing, or the filter 122 may be fixed to the central support 123 and the housing 110.

[0178] In the embodiment shown, the pump 121 is located upstream of the filter 122. In this embodiment, the pump 121 includes an inlet 124 positioned to draw in saltwater and an outlet 126 for delivering the saltwater to the filter 122.

[0179] The pump inlet 124 is in fluid communication with the reservoir 114. The pump is operable to draw saltwater from the reservoir and deliver it to the desalination filter 122. In the shown embodiment, the pump inlet 124 comprises short lengths of tubing leading to an aperture in the casing. The pump 121 is in fluid communication with the reservoir 114 via an aperture in the wall of the casing. The inlet tubing 124 may be integrated with the internal casing or fixed to the casing 112. The connection between the pump inlet 124 and the internal casing 112 can fix the relative position of the pump 121 and the internal casing.

[0180] In an alternative embodiment, the pump 121 may be located downstream of the filter 122 and may be capable of pulling fluid through the filter. In such an embodiment, the filter inlet would be in fluid communication with the reservoir 114.

[0181] The pump 121 is operably coupled to the housing 110 via a drive coupling 139 such that the rotation of the housing 110 drives the operation of the pump 121. The pump includes a drive shaft that is parallel to and offset from the rotation axis RA'. In the shown embodiment, the drive coupling 139 operates between the central support 123 and the pump drive shaft.

[0182] The drive coupling 139 may comprise any preferred drive configuration or gear configuration, for example, a belt drive (Figure 8) or another gear assembly (such as the sun and pinion gear assembly 239 in Figure 10). The drive coupling 139 is preferably a step-up type mechanism that produces a rotational output speed increased compared to the input rotational speed. In an exemplary embodiment, the rotation of the central support is the input driving the drive coupling, and the rotational input speed (revolutions per minute) of the central support is less than the rotational output speed (revolutions per minute) of the drive coupling, and thus of the pump drive shaft.

[0183] The drive coupling 139 may include a clutch to prevent the rotation of the pump drive shaft from being reduced by slowing down the rotation of the housing 110. The clutch can be any suitable clutch that disengages when the rotational speed of the pump drive shaft is higher than the rotational speed at the output of the drive coupling 139. For example, the clutch may include a sprag clutch or a freewheel.

[0184] During operation, as the housing 110 rotates around the rotation axis RA', the internal casing 112, not being coupled to the housing 110 for rotation, maintains its absolute rotational orientation almost entirely. The combined weight of the internal casing 112, pump 121, filter 122, any ballast, and any other internal components attached to them ensures that these components remain in an absolute orbital position, largely fixed to the rotation axis RA', throughout the entire rotation of the housing 110. In fact, there may be slight rotational motion of the internal casing 112 due to inertia, particularly near the top and bottom of the periodic stroke of each wave.

[0185] As the housing 110 rotates, the input gear of the drive coupling 139 also rotates in conjunction with the central support member 123. The drive shaft of the pump 121 remains in a nearly fixed absolute trajectory position. The drive coupling has an output, such as an output gear, that is coaxial with the pump drive shaft, and this relative motion between the input gear of the drive coupling 139 and the pump drive shaft causes the drive coupling output to rotate the pump drive shaft, thereby operating the pump.

[0186] Pump 121 can be any suitable pump for moving or pulling water through the selected desalination filter 122. Preferably, the pump is a high-pressure pump. In one example, the pump may have a pressure rating between 60 psi and 1000 psi. In one embodiment, the pump is a 60 psi pressure pump. In an alternative embodiment, the pump is an 800 psi pressure pump. However, pumps with higher or lower pressure ratings may be used in other embodiments.

[0187] During operation, the pump 121 draws saline solution from the reservoir 114 inside the housing 110 through the pump inlet 124. The pump 121 then pumps this saline solution at the required pressure through the pump outlet 126 into and through the reverse osmosis desalination filter 122.

[0188] Filter 122 is a reverse osmosis desalination filter.

[0189] The filter has an inlet 132 configured to receive saltwater. Filter 122 is in fluid communication with pump 121 and reservoir 114. In the shown embodiment, the filter inlet is connected to pump outlet 126 directly or via a conduit, so that filter inlet 132 is in fluid communication with reservoir 114 via pump 121.

[0190] The filter includes a primary outlet 134 for supplying desalinate "new" water. The primary outlet 134 is fluid-coupled to a lumen (not shown), such as a hose, conduit, or channel, for transporting the desalinate water from the device. Typically, the lumen supplying the fresh water extends at least partially along the rotation axis RA'. In the shown embodiment, the central support shaft 123 is hollow, and the lumen for transporting the desalinate water is provided within the central support shaft 123 and extends linearly along the central support 123. In other embodiments, a fluid slip ring may be provided around the lumen to seal the outlet point while allowing further rotation.

[0191] The lumen supplies fresh water to the device outlet point at one end of the drive axle 113 on the rotation axis RA'. A rotating swivel hose link may be provided at the outlet point to facilitate connection to the export conduit in a manner that does not obstruct the rotation of the device 103.

[0192] The export conduit has a slack configuration and structure that allows the device to rise and fall without the risk of the export conduit becoming entangled with the device 103, for example, when the device rolls along the guide surface 7. In some embodiments, the export conduit may comprise a coiled conduit. The export conduit may be weighted to ensure that it extends downward from the device. The export conduit may extend downward and / or outward from the device 103.

[0193] It is desirable that the export conduit and coupling swivel link exert minimal force on the device so as not to interfere with the rotation, motion, and operation of the device. However, in some embodiments where negligible forces are not feasible, a counterbalance or "dummy" system may be provided on the opposing drive axle 113 to maintain balance of action.

[0194] Export conduits may be further attached to the conduit system to transport freshwater to a delivery point, for example, a location near the shore or onto a vessel.

[0195] In the production of desalinationd freshwater, the apparatus will also generate a certain amount of waste brine. The filter 122 is equipped with one or more secondary outlets 136 for transporting the waste brine from the apparatus.

[0196] The amount of waste brine produced will typically be greater than the amount of freshwater, and outlets 134, 136, 136a, and 136b should be sized accordingly. In one embodiment, the water coming out of filter 122 is in a ratio of approximately 1 part freshwater to 5 parts brine. However, this ratio may vary depending on the filter characteristics.

[0197] In the embodiment shown, the filter outlet 136 is branched into two rims 136a and 136b to transport brine to opposing ends of the apparatus 103. Each rim 136a and 136b is fluidly connected to an outlet at the respective end of the apparatus.

[0198] In the embodiments shown, each rim 136a, 136b is provided with a conduit fluidly coupled to a lumen (not shown), such as a hose, conduit, or channel, for transporting desalinated water from within the central support and from the device. Typically, the lumen for the brine extends at least partially along the rotation axis RA'.

[0199] The housing ends 111a and 111b may be provided with internal channels for receiving brine. These channels are in fluid communication with the outlet rims 136a and 136b and the lumens connected thereto. In the embodiments of Figures 7 and 8, the housing ends 111a and 111b each comprise a hollow shell defining an inner circular channel, an outer circular channel, and several curved radial channels extending between the inner and outer circular channels to allow the brine to pass from the inner channel to the outer channel. However, it will be understood that other channel configurations are feasible. For example, the channels may be curved pipes attached to the housing 110 rather than being integrally formed.

[0200] Multiple tangential waste outlets 140 extend from the periphery of each housing end 111a, 111b to disperse waste brine from the device. These outlets 140 are in fluid communication with radial channels provided within each housing end, thereby in fluid communication with the filter brine outlet 136.

[0201] The waste outlet 140 may extend tangentially opposite the rotational direction of the housing or be oriented tangentially to aid in energy capture. This causes the waste fluid traveling through the curved channel and exiting the outlet 140 to induce a rotational torque on the device 103, thereby assisting rather than hindering the rotation of the device, and advantageously avoiding the need for excess energy used to pump the desalined water to shore and to disperse the energy of the discharge brine so as not to endanger marine life with a forced discharge flow.

[0202] In the embodiments shown, the tangential outlet 140 is a rigid, hollow cylindrical member, but may have other forms. For example, the outlet 140 may include a flexible member or a nozzle, or it may simply have an aperture in the wall of the housing end. The apparatus may have any suitable number of outlets, which may depend on the size of the apparatus and the amount of waste fluid produced. The apparatus is illustrated with eight outlets at each housing end, but other embodiments may have more or fewer outlets. In some embodiments, only a single outlet may be provided at one or both ends.

[0203] In an alternative embodiment, the apparatus may include an energy recovery device inside the internal casing to receive and extract energy from the waste brine flow from the pump. The waste brine may be guided into the energy recovery device inside the internal casing. Examples of mechanisms that can be used as energy recovery devices include Clark pumps, Pelton turbines, turbochargers, pressure exchangers or work exchangers, boosters, isobaric pressure transducers, pressure amplifiers or hydraulic pump motors, or other types of suitable energy recovery devices that should be obvious to those skilled in the art.

[0204] In embodiments having an internal energy recovery device, the secondary waste brine from the energy recovery device may be guided out of the housing waste outlet. When the waste from the energy recovery device should be at a lower pressure, the waste outlet may have an alternative configuration to the tangential outlet described above.

[0205] The inner surface of the housing 110 may include fins 142 or other features protruding into the reservoir to induce resistance to the water in order to minimize rotation of the fluid contained in the housing relative to the housing 110. In the shown embodiment, the fins include eight flat, elongated members extending between the housing ends 1112, 111b. However, in other embodiments, the fins may have other forms, or there may be more or fewer fins.

[0206] Together, the reservoir and fins, as well as the water contained therein 142, act as a flywheel, providing rotational inertia to conserve rotational momentum and thereby smooth the operating speed of the pump 121.

[0207] As described above regarding the general description of the energy generation capsule 3, the desalination unit 103 is a flotation device. The volume and weight of the desalination unit 103 are selected so that the unit weighs between approximately 10% and approximately 80% of the weight of an equivalent volume of brine replacement. In some embodiments, the volume and weight of the desalination unit 103 are selected so that the unit weighs between approximately 40% and approximately 60% of the weight of an equivalent volume of brine replacement. In this example, the unit weighs approximately 50% of the weight of an equivalent volume of brine replacement.

[0208] While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described only as examples, modifications can be made to them without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A wave power device for generating rotating mechanical energy, wherein the device includes a buoyancy energy generating capsule and an upper inclined guide surface and a lower inclined guide surface arranged to suppress and guide the motion of the energy generating capsule, and the device is configured to be partially submerged in a body of water. The wave power device is characterized in that the energy generating capsule is configured to roll in a unidirectional manner along the guide surface around the capsule's rotation axis when it rises in response to the force from waves in the water and descends in response to gravity.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper guide surface and the lower guide surface are arranged with a gap between them and face each other.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the upper guide surface and the lower guide surface are substantially parallel.

4. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising two pairs of upper guide surfaces and lower guide surfaces, wherein the generating capsule includes two coaxial drive axles, and each drive axle is arranged to roll along one of the pair of upper guide surfaces and lower guide surfaces, thereby causing rotation of the generating capsule about the capsule rotation axis.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein each drive axle is provided with an engagement portion for sequentially engaging with its respective upper guide surface and lower guide surface, and the engagement portion is provided with a grip-enhancing feature for reducing slippage between the drive axle and the respective guide surface.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the grip-promoting feature comprises a rubber elastic surface.

7. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the upper guide surface and the lower guide surface are provided with grip-promoting surfaces.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the grip-promoting surface comprises a notched surface.

9. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the inclination angles of the upper inclined guide surface and the lower inclined guide surface are adjustable.

10. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the movement of the energy generating capsule is guided by the upper guide surface(s) when the capsule rises and guided by the lower guide surface(s) when the capsule descends.

11. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the device is moored or tethered to the seabed or land, or to a natural feature, or is mounted on a fixed or movable structure or vehicle.

12. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the apparatus is partially submerged in a body of water at a height such that most of the upper guide surface and the lower guide surface are located above the wave bottom height and most of the upper guide surface and the lower guide surface are located below the wave crest height.

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the height and / or inclination of the guide surface is adjustable.

14. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the height and / or inclination of the guide surface is fixed.

15. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the volume and weight of the energy generating capsule are selected such that the energy generating capsule weighs between about 10% and about 80% of the weight of an equivalent volume of replaced water.

16. The apparatus according to claim 15, characterized in that the volume and weight of the energy generating capsule are selected such that the energy generating capsule weighs between about 40% and about 60% of the weight of an equivalent volume of replaced water.

17. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that it comprises a ballast.

18. A wave power device for generating electrical energy, comprising the apparatus described in any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the energy generation capsule comprises a generator having a drive shaft and a housing, The generator is rotatable relative to the housing, around the capsule rotation axis. A wave power device characterized in that the relative rotation of the generator drives the rotation of the drive shaft to generate electrical energy.

19. The apparatus according to claim 18, comprising a pinion operably coupled to the drive shaft and a complementary annular gear provided inside the housing and arranged to rotate together with the housing, wherein the rotation of the housing causes the rotation of the pinion.

20. The apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that the pinion is coupled to the drive shaft via a clutch.

21. The apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that the clutch is a sprag clutch.

22. An apparatus according to any one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that the generator is arranged to be suspended from a support, and the support is arranged to rotate about the capsule rotation axis and relative to the housing such that when the capsule rotates, the main part of the generator remains in the lower part of the energy generation capsule.

23. An apparatus according to any one of claims 18 to 22, characterized in that the generator is an alternator.

24. An apparatus according to any one of claims 18 to 23, characterized in that the drive shaft is parallel to the capsule rotation axis and offset from the capsule rotation axis.

25. An apparatus according to any one of claims 18 to 24, characterized in that the drive shaft is coupled to a flywheel.

26. An apparatus according to any one of claims 18 to 25, characterized by comprising a cable for transferring electricity generated by the generator from the energy generation capsule.

27. The apparatus according to claim 26, characterized in that the cable exits the housing along the capsule rotation axis.

28. A desalination apparatus comprising the energy generation device according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the energy generation capsule is Housing and A pump located inside the housing, A reverse osmosis filter is fluidly connected to it and has an inlet for receiving saltwater and an outlet for supplying desalination water. Equipped with, The pump and the filter are rotatable relative to the housing about the capsule rotation axis, A desalination apparatus characterized in that the relative rotation between the housing, the pump, and the filter drives the pump to pull or move saltwater through the reverse osmosis filter.

29. A desalination apparatus according to claim 28, characterized in that the housing includes or defines a reservoir for brine, and the pump is fluidly coupled to the reservoir.

30. A desalination apparatus according to claim 29, characterized in that the housing is provided with a plurality of inlets that allow saltwater to enter the reservoir.

31. A desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 28 to 30, wherein the apparatus comprises an internal casing inside the housing, the internal casing includes the pump and the filter and is fixed to the pump and the filter, and the housing is rotatable relative to the internal casing.

32. A desalination apparatus according to claim 31, characterized in that the internal casing is watertight.

33. A desalination apparatus according to claim 31 or 32, characterized in that the pump has an inlet arranged to draw brine through the aperture of the internal casing.

34. A desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 28 to 33, characterized in that at least the main parts of the pump and filter are suspended below the rotating shaft under gravity.

35. A desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 28 to 34, wherein the pump is provided with a drive shaft, and a drive coupling is provided to operably connect the housing to the pump drive shaft, thereby causing the rotation of the housing to generate the rotation of the drive shaft.

36. A desalination apparatus according to claim 345, characterized in that the drive coupling is connected to the drive shaft via a clutch.

37. A desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 34 to 36, comprising a central support along the axis of rotation, fixed for rotation together with the housing, wherein the drive coupling connects the pump to the central support.

38. A desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 28 to 37, characterized in that the filter outlet is fluidly coupled to a hose or other conduit that exits the apparatus along the rotating shaft in order to transport the desalination water from the apparatus.

39. A desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 28 to 38, characterized in that the reverse osmosis filter is provided with one or more secondary outlets for transporting waste brine from the apparatus.

40. Desalination apparatus according to claim 39, wherein the housing comprises a plurality of curved waste outlets, which are in fluid communication with one or more secondary outlets from the reverse osmosis filter for dispersing waste brine from the apparatus, and the plurality of curved waste outlets are sized and arranged such that the fluid exiting the tangential outlet induces a rotational torque on the production capsule.

41. A desalination apparatus according to claim 39, characterized in that the housing comprises a plurality of tangential waste outlets, which are in fluid communication with one or more secondary outlets from the reverse osmosis filter, for dispersing waste brine from the apparatus.

42. A desalination apparatus according to claim 41, characterized in that the tangential outlet is oriented in a direction opposite to the unidirectional rotation direction of the generating capsule such that the fluid exiting the tangential outlet induces torque on the generating capsule.

43. A device for generating electrical energy, A housing configured to rotate around a pivot axis, A generator located inside the housing Equipped with, The housing is rotatable relative to the generator, The apparatus is characterized in that the housing and the generator are coupled via a drive coupling such that the rotation of the housing relative to the generator drives the generator, thereby generating electrical energy.

44. The apparatus according to claim 43, characterized in that the generator is arranged to enable orbital motion of the generator about the rotation axis.

45. The apparatus according to claim 43 or 44, characterized in that the main part of the generator is arranged to be suspended below the rotating shaft under gravity.

46. The apparatus according to claim 45, characterized in that the generator is arranged such that it is suspended below the rotating shaft under gravity for the entire rotation of the housing.

47. An apparatus according to any one of claims 43 to 46, characterized in that the generator is arranged to be suspended from a support, and the support is arranged to rotate about the rotation axis and relative to the housing.

48. An apparatus according to any one of claims 43 to 47, wherein the generator comprises a drive shaft, and the drive coupling comprises a pinion operably coupled to the drive shaft and a complementary annular gear provided inside the housing and arranged to rotate together with the housing, wherein the rotation of the housing thereby causes the rotation of the pinion.

49. The apparatus according to claim 48, characterized in that the pinion is coupled to the drive shaft via a clutch.

50. The apparatus according to claim 49, characterized in that the clutch is a sprag clutch.

51. An apparatus according to any one of claims 48 to 50, characterized in that the drive shaft is parallel to the rotation axis and offset from the rotation axis.

52. An apparatus according to any one of claims 43 to 50, characterized in that the generator is an alternator.

53. An apparatus according to any one of claims 43 to 52, further comprising a flywheel for smoothing power generation.

54. An apparatus according to any one of claims 43 to 53, characterized in that it comprises a cable for transferring electricity generated by the generator from the housing.

55. The apparatus according to claim 54, characterized in that the cable exits the housing along the rotation axis.

56. An apparatus according to any one of claims 43 to 55, characterized in that the housing includes two coaxial drive axles along the axis of rotation, and the drive axles are configured to roll along guide surfaces to induce rotation of the housing.

57. An apparatus according to any one of claims 43 to 56, characterized in that each drive axle includes an engagement portion having a grip-enhancing feature for engagement between the drive axle and the guide surface and for reducing slippage between the drive axle and the guide surface.

58. The apparatus according to claim 57, characterized in that the grip-promoting feature comprises a rubber elastic surface.

59. An apparatus according to any one of claims 43 to 58, wherein the apparatus is intended for use in aquatic environments, and the housing is sealed to prevent water from entering.

60. The apparatus according to claim 59, characterized in that the volume and weight of the apparatus are selected such that the weight of the apparatus is between about 10% and about 80% of the weight of an equivalent replacement volume of water from the body of water.

61. The apparatus according to claim 60, characterized in that the volume and weight of the energy generating capsule are selected such that the energy generating capsule weighs between approximately 40% and approximately 60% of the weight of an equivalent replacement volume of water from the body of water.

62. An apparatus according to any one of claims 43 to 61, characterized in that it comprises a ballast.

63. A housing configured to rotate around a pivot axis, A pump located inside the housing, A reverse osmosis filter is connected to the pump and has an inlet for receiving saltwater and an outlet for supplying desalination. Equipped with, The housing is rotatable relative to the pump and the filter, A desalination apparatus characterized in that the housing and the pump are coupled via a drive coupling such that the rotation of the housing relative to the pump drives the pump to pull or move saltwater through the filter.

64. A desalination apparatus according to claim 63, characterized in that the housing includes or defines a reservoir for brine, and the pump is fluidly coupled to the reservoir.

65. A desalination apparatus according to claim 64, characterized in that the housing is provided with a plurality of inlets that allow saltwater to enter the reservoir.

66. A desalination apparatus according to claim 655, characterized in that the inlet is provided with a filter or grill for preventing fragments and / or air from entering the reservoir.

67. A desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 64 to 66, wherein the apparatus comprises an internal casing inside the housing, the internal casing includes the pump and the filter, is fixed to the pump and the filter, and the housing is rotatable relative to the internal casing.

68. A desalination apparatus according to claim 67, characterized in that the internal casing is sealed to prevent water from entering the casing.

69. A desalination apparatus according to claim 67 or 68, characterized in that the pump has an inlet arranged to draw brine through the aperture of the casing.

70. A desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 63 to 69, characterized in that the pump and the filter are arranged to enable orbital motion of the pump and the filter relative to the housing and about the axis of rotation.

71. A desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 63 to 70, characterized in that the pump is arranged to be suspended below the rotating shaft under gravity.

72. A desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 63 to 71, characterized in that the filter is arranged to be suspended below the rotating shaft under gravity.

73. A desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 63 to 72, characterized in that the pump is arranged to be suspended below the rotating shaft under gravity for the entire rotation of the housing.

74. A desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 63 to 73, wherein the pump comprises a drive shaft, and the drive coupling comprises a belt drive or other gear assembly operably coupled to the housing and the pump drive shaft, wherein the rotation of the housing thereby causes the rotation of the drive shaft.

75. A desalination apparatus according to claim 74, characterized in that the drive coupling is connected to the drive shaft via a clutch.

76. A desalination apparatus according to claim 75, characterized in that the clutch is a sprag clutch.

77. A desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 74 to 76, characterized in that the drive shaft is parallel to the rotation axis and offset from the rotation axis.

78. A desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 63 to 77, comprising a central support along the axis of rotation fixed for joint rotation with the housing, wherein the drive coupling is attached to the central support.

79. A desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 63 to 78, characterized in that the filter outlet is fluidly coupled to a hose that exits the apparatus along the rotating shaft for transporting the desalination water from the apparatus.

80. A desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 63 to 79, wherein the filter is provided with one or more secondary outlets for transporting waste brine from the apparatus.

81. Desalination apparatus according to claim 80, wherein the housing comprises a plurality of curved waste outlets, which are in fluid communication with one or more secondary outlets from the filter, for dispersing waste brine from the apparatus, and the plurality of curved waste outlets are arranged such that the fluid exiting the tangential outlet induces a rotational torque on the production capsule.

82. A desalination apparatus according to claim 80, wherein the housing comprises a plurality of tangential waste outlets that are in fluid communication with one or more secondary outlets from the filter for dispersing waste brine from the apparatus.

83. A desalination apparatus according to claim 82, characterized in that the tangential outlet extends in a direction opposite to the rotational direction of the apparatus such that the fluid exiting the tangential outlet induces a torque in the rotational direction of the apparatus relative to the apparatus.

84. A desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 63 to 83, characterized in that the housing includes two coaxial drive axles along the rotation axis, and the drive axles are configured to roll along guide surfaces to induce rotation of the housing.

85. A desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 63 to 84, characterized in that each drive axle is provided with an engagement portion having a grip-enhancing feature for engagement between the drive axle and the guide surface and for reducing slippage between the drive axle and the guide surface.

86. A desalination apparatus according to claim 85, characterized in that the grip-promoting feature comprises a rubber elastic surface.

87. A desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 63 to 86, characterized in that the volume and weight of the apparatus are selected such that the weight of the apparatus is between about 10% and about 80% of the weight of an equivalent volume of water from a body of water.

88. A desalination apparatus according to claim 87, characterized in that the volume and weight of the apparatus are selected such that the weight of the apparatus is between approximately 40% and approximately 60% of the weight of an equivalent volume of water from the body of water.

89. A desalination apparatus according to any one of claims 63 to 88, characterized in that it comprises ballast.

Images