Screening, crushing, or mixing equipment for heavy machinery
The blade design with two elements and locking mechanisms facilitates easy replacement, addressing the challenge of laborious blade replacement in heavy machinery, ensuring efficient operation in field conditions and fine particle sizing.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- アリュ イノベーション アンド リサーチ センター オーワイ
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-22
AI Technical Summary
Existing blade replacement in screening, crushing, and mixing devices for heavy machinery requires significant dismantling work, especially in field conditions, and is difficult without specialized equipment.
The blade is designed with two separate elements that can be easily mounted and locked onto a shaft using radial installation openings and locking designs, allowing for quick replacement without disassembling the power transmission system.
Enables efficient blade replacement under field conditions, reducing labor and equipment requirements, while maintaining functionality for sieving or pulverizing materials into various particle sizes, including fine particles.
Smart Images
Figure 2026516356000001_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The object of the present invention is a screening, crushing or mixing blade device for heavy machinery, the device comprising a plurality of screening plates arranged at intervals from each other and forming a screening surface provided with screening grooves, one or more non-circular rotating shafts, and a power transmission member for rotating the shafts, a plurality of exchangeable and freely movable blades being attached in the longitudinal direction of the shafts, these blades being attached directly to the shafts and extending radially outwards from the shafts through the screening grooves, the blades having a non-circular mounting hole substantially corresponding to the cross-section of the shafts.
Background Art
[0002] The device according to the present invention is suitable for use in connection with a screen arranged in a bucket of a heavy machine, for example, as disclosed in DE202006001257 U1, this screen being particularly suitable for screening soil. The heavy machine can be, for example, an excavator, a wheel loader, a telehandler, or other suitable mobile machinery. The heavy machine can also be a screening, crushing, and / or mixing device designed for this purpose, the device being able to be stationary or mobile. The screen has a screening surface provided with grooves, below which a rotatable shaft with a polygonal cross-section is arranged, protruding blades being attached to the shaft, the blades rotating with the shaft and extending above the screening surface through the grooves of the screening surface. The blades are axially movable along each shaft, being exchangeable by disassembling the shaft from the screen, then removing the exchangeable blade from the shaft and installing a new blade in its place.
[0003] Figures 1a and 1b schematically show a prior art sieving device attached to a bucket 1 of a mobile heavy machine, and the device according to the present invention is suitable for use therein. The device relates to the device disclosed in the applicant's own Finnish Patent 128813 B, in which blades 5' are attached to a rotating shaft 4. This device includes a sieving surface 2a positioned in the loading space within the bucket 1, and is equipped with grooves that determine the coarseness of the sieving. Thus, the sieving surface 2a is formed by the front surfaces of adjacent sieving plates 2. Behind the sieving surface (Figure 1b) is positioned the rotating shaft 4, on which blades 5' are positioned, extending radially outward from the shaft 4, and these extend through the grooves (sieving grooves 3) of the sieving surface when the sieving plates 2 are installed. This can be seen particularly in Figures 1a and 1b, where the blades 5' extend beyond (rearward) the rear surface 2c of the sieving plates 2. The blade 5' itself has discontinuous mounting holes 8 on its inner surface, thereby giving the blade 5' an installation opening. Through this opening, the blade is mounted on the shaft through a thin-walled section formed in the shaft and can be slid to a desired position in the longitudinal direction of the shaft. Here again, replacing the blade requires a relatively large amount of disassembly work and specific shaping of the shaft, such as the aforementioned thin-walled section.
[0004] Corresponding sieving equipment is also used in screen crushers that use special crushing blades, and mixers that use special mixing blades.
[0005] In these conventional solutions, blade replacement requires a relatively large amount of dismantling work, special shaping of the shaft, and / or removal of the shaft from the bucket or dedicated equipment body, which is a relatively laborious task. This is because the power transmission system must first be dismantled before the shaft can be removed from the bucket or equipment body. This is particularly difficult in field work environments. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]
[0006] The objective of this invention is to provide a solution that can significantly reduce the workload required for blade replacement, thereby enabling blade replacement even under field conditions without the use of a hoisting assist device. It also aims to provide a solution that can be used with existing shaft equipment. Furthermore, it aims to enable sieving or pulverizing soil or other similar materials into various particle sizes, including fine particle sizes. [Means for solving the problem]
[0007] To achieve this objective, the apparatus according to the present invention is characterized in that the blade is formed from two separate blade elements, the first blade element and the second blade element of the blade each include an installation opening that opens radially outward through a mounting hole, the first blade element is sized so that, once installed, it can be mounted at a desired position on the shaft through its installation opening, the second blade element can be mounted on the shaft adjacent to the first blade element through its installation opening from the opposite direction to the first blade element, the first blade element and the second blade element can be aligned with each other in the longitudinal direction of the shaft by longitudinal movement of the shaft, and the edge of the installation opening is provided with a locking design that forms a lock between the installed first blade element and the second blade element in a direction traversing the longitudinal direction of the shaft.
[0008] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the attached drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawing]
[0009] [Figure 1a] A schematic diagram of a conventional sieve bucket and its blades, viewed from the front, is shown. [Figure 1b] Figure 1a shows the sieve bucket viewed from the rear. [Figure 2a]A blade according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown, with its blade elements separated from each other. [Figure 2b] Figure 2a shows a blade, in which the blade elements are joined together. [Figure 3] Another preferred embodiment of the present invention shows blades, which take the form of sieving discs and are mounted on a sieving plate that forms sieving slots. [Figure 4] Figure 3 shows a sieving disc, which is equipped with a flanged shoulder. [Modes for carrying out the invention]
[0010] Figure 1 shows a conventional sieving bucket positioned within the bucket of a mobile heavy machine, which is described in more detail in the preceding prerequisites. The features shown in Figure 1 are related to the applicant's prior patent FI 128813 B, but can be included in the teaching of preferred embodiments presented below, except for the blade and its structure. Corresponding features are also disclosed in the aforementioned DE202006001257 U1. It should be noted that this device can also be directly applied to blade equipment of heavy machines intended for sieving, crushing, or mixing.
[0011] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention, depicting a sieving blade assembly arranged on three shafts 4. This assembly is located within a sieving space 17 provided between the internal side walls 16a and 16b of the bucket body. The shafts 4 extend between the spaces, and at least a portion of their length extends to a power transmission device (not shown here) located within a housing 6. Figure 1 also shows a mudguard 18, which is described in more detail in the applicant's European Patent EP2216448B1. This mudguard may be omitted in the apparatus according to the present invention.
[0012] A preferred embodiment of the blade 5 belonging to this device is shown in detail in Figures 2a and 2b. In the illustrated embodiment, the blade 5 is formed as a plate-shaped sieving blade and has a mounting hole 8 extending in the thickness direction S, the shape of which corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the shaft 4. The thickness S of the blade 5 is preferably dimensionally set to substantially correspond to the width of the sieve groove 3. Therefore, as shown in Figures 1a and 1b, the sieve groove 3 is formed between two adjacent sieve plates 2. The width of the sieve groove 3 may be, for example, 0.1 to 1 mm larger than the blade thickness S, in which case the blade 5 remains within the sieve groove 3 formed between the two sieve plates 2 when attached to the shaft 4. Alternatively, two or more blades 5 can be arranged parallel to each other in correspondingly enlarged grooves between two sieve plates.
[0013] The mounting hole 8 is discontinuous in the circumferential direction of its inner surface 8a by forming the blade 5 in the mounting hole 8 into two blade elements. In Figure 2a, the blade elements are shown separated from each other. The first blade element is indicated by reference numeral 5a, and the second blade element is indicated by reference numeral 5b. The first blade element 5a includes an installation opening 6a that opens outward in the radial direction of the mounting hole 8. Here, the blade element 5a also includes an actual blade portion 5a' (Figure 2a) that penetrates the sieve surface of the sieve groove 3 and extends to the opposite side (upper side), i.e., the front side. Here, the front side (and front surface) refers to the side from which soil or similar material is supplied. Correspondingly, the second blade element 5b includes a corresponding mounting opening 6b that opens outward in the radial direction of the mounting hole 8. It is preferable that the blade elements 5a and 5b are divided from the mounting hole 8 into parts such that the inner surface 8a of the mounting hole 8 is divided into two parts of the same shape and size.
[0014] The edges of the installation openings 6a and 6b include corresponding locking designs 6a', 6b' which are installed in a predetermined position and form a lock between a first blade element 5a and a second blade element 5b that are aligned across the longitudinal direction of the shaft 4 in the manner shown below and described in Figure 2b. In other words, this locking of the blade 5 prevents the blade elements 5a and 5b from separating from each other in the radial direction of the shaft 4 when forces generated by the rotation of the shaft 4 are applied to the blade 5. Here, the locking designs form a pair of locking designs, which are basically located on opposite sides, preferably on opposite sides of the shaft 4.
[0015] The blade 5 can be removed from the shaft 4 simply by removing the sieve plate 2 sufficiently from between the blades 5, allowing the blade elements 5a and 5b of the blade 5 to disengage from their locked state in the direction of shaft A (Figure 2b), that is, to slide to a position where they are not aligned with each other in the direction of shaft A. As a result, both blade elements 5a and 5b can be separated radially and, for example, replaced.
[0016] The detachable sieve plates 2 (sieves) can consist of a single large element, a package of smaller elements forming the sieve surface 2a, or individually replaceable sieve plates, i.e., narrow sieve plates. The blades 5, locked around the shaft 4 in the gaps, i.e., sieve grooves 3, of the sieve plates 2, are freely movable along the longitudinal direction A of the shaft 4 between the sieve plates 2. The gaps, or sieve grooves 3, must be set small enough that, at any position when a force is applied to the blades 5, the space formed by the combination of clearance and deflection does not allow the blades 4 to disengage.
[0017] The installation of the blades at predetermined positions around the shaft 4 is usually done by removing the sieve plate 2 between the blades 5, in connection with the aforementioned replacement of the blade 5, so that the blade elements 5a and 5b of the blade 5 can be directly attached to the desired positions along the longitudinal direction A of the shaft 4. In this case, for example, the first blade element 5a is introduced around the shaft from one side of the shaft 4 through its installation opening 6a, and the second blade element 5b is introduced from the opposite side of the shaft 4 along the longitudinal direction A of the shaft 4, alongside the first blade element 5a. In this case, the second blade element 5b can be slid along the shaft 4 in the direction of the arrow shown in Figure 2b so that it aligns at the position shown in Figure 2b. It is not essential which blade element is attached to the shaft 4 first and which is moved. What is important here is the relative movement of the blade elements along the longitudinal direction A of the shaft. As a result, the locking designs 6a' and 6b' formed on the blade 5 are also aligned, and the aforementioned locking is formed between the blade elements 5a and 5b. Subsequently, the separated sieve plate 2 can be fixed in place on both sides of the blade 5. In this case, since the blade elements are positioned in contact with opposing sides of the side walls 2c of the sieve plate 2, the blade elements 5a and 5b, and thus the entire blade 5, are similarly fixed in place in the longitudinal direction A of the shaft 4.
[0018] The locking designs 6a' and 6b' are shown in Figures 2a and 2b as curved surfaces that are positioned opposite each other when the blade elements 5a and 5b are slid together along the shaft to form the blade 5. In this case, the curved surfaces are in close contact with each other, preventing the blade elements 5a and 5b from moving relative to each other in the radial or rotational direction of the shaft 4. In such a loaded state, the shape of the locking design only causes the blade elements to lock together more firmly. In addition to, or instead of, curved surfaces, the locking design may have other shapes, in which case the design may be, for example, a chamfered surface or a flat surface. If necessary, these designs can be shaped so that the blade elements tend to adjust themselves between the sieve plates 2 in a loaded state.
[0019] The corresponding designs of the cross-section of the shaft 4 and the inner surface 8a of the mounting hole 8 are such that the blade 5 can be arranged at different angular positions with respect to the shaft 4 along the circumferential direction of the shaft 4, and its shape is preferably formed so as to be locked at a predetermined position against rotation in the above-described manner. The mounting hole 8 forms a uniform portion of the inner surface 8a over the entire circumferential length, ensuring that the blade 5 remains on the shaft 4.
[0020] Figs. 3 and 4 show a blade according to another embodiment of the present invention, indicated by reference numeral 50, positioned in a similar manner between the sieve plates 2. This is the blade 50, which is formed from two blade elements 50a and 50b respectively. However, here, the actual blade portions 50a that extend outward from the shaft through the sieve grooves along the radial direction of the shaft 4 are formed on both blade elements. Due to the semi-elliptical shape of the blade elements 50a and 50b, when combined, the blade 50 forms a well-known sieving disk having an elliptical outer circumference. Fig. 3 shows a configuration in which the rotation angles of the long shaft and the short shaft of the continuous elliptical sieving disk 50 are rotated 90 degrees relative to each other. This shape is not limited to an ellipse, and other shapes such as a star or other polygons are also possible. Such a sieving disk 50 is comparable to the blade 5 according to the first embodiment in terms of function and structure.
[0021] The sieving disk 50 also has corresponding installation openings and locking designs 60a' and 60b' as presented in relation to the first embodiment, whereby they can be interconnected on the shaft 4 in exactly the same manner. Although reference numerals are not assigned to the installation openings in Figs. 3 and 4, they are recognizable from the figures based on the teachings of the first embodiment. Below, application examples in which the sieving disk is used instead of or in addition to the blade 5 according to the first embodiment are shown.
[0022] When fine particle sizing, such as a particle size of just a few millimeters, is desired, in the case of the conventional fixed sieve grooves 3 of the sieve plate 2 that determines the mass size, the thickness of the rotating blade becomes excessively thin. As a result, when divided into two parts like this, due to the influence of the actual clearance and deflection, there is a risk that the locking may not function. As a solution, the distance between the fixed sieve plates 2 is increased, and a rotating "sieving line" formed by the sieving disk 50 is formed between them. In this case, it is formed from an elliptical disk. In this case, the major axis and minor axis of the elliptical disk divided into two parts arranged at the same position around the adjacent shafts form an angle of 90 degrees with each other. When both shafts rotate synchronously in the same direction, the rotating elliptical sieving disk forms a "sieve" that moves within the sieve grooves 3 of the fixed sieve plate 2, and the locking of the blade is performed by the joint that locks around the shaft 4 as already explained. The thickness S of these elliptical sieving disks 50, that is, the width in the shaft direction, is, for example, 10 mm. When the desired sieve size is 5 mm, the distance between the fixed sieves (sieve plates 2) is at least 20 mm + rotational clearance (see above). In this case, the width of the locking surface can be in the form of a circle around the shaft 4 and can also be realized as the split adapter 10 as part of the sieving disk 50. Here, the adapter 10 has the shape of a shoulder with a flange. The diameter D of the shoulder with a flange 10 is large enough to provide axial locking between the fixed sieve plates 2 for the blade elements 50a and 50b of the sieving disk 50. Usually, a diameter D that is a few millimeters larger than the minimum diameter d of the fixed sieve around the shaft 4 is sufficient. The above dimensions are only examples of possible dimensions. For example, depending on the desired particle size and considering the robustness of the equipment, different dimensions are also possible.
[0023] It is also possible to provide protrusions on the side surfaces of these elliptical disks, which helps to keep the gaps of the sieve grooves 3 and the sieve plates 2 clean and improves the fluidity of the material on the sieving surface.
[0024] The sieving disk 50 can also be designed so that a single identical sieving disk 50 can be used on both sides by mirroring the locking mechanism (locking design) on the other side. This reduces the need for consumable parts because the same part fits both halves.
[0025] Generally, it is also important that the sieve grooves 3 formed by the sieve plate 2, i.e., the back surface 2b and the front surface (sieve surface 2a) of the sieve plate 2, are located on both sides of the plane passing through the centerline of the shaft 4, as shown in the embodiment in Figure 3, for example. This ensures that the portion of the side wall 2c of the sieve plate 2 that forms the support protrudes sufficiently (relative to the sieve surface 2a), thereby ensuring that both blade elements 5a, 5b and 50a, 50b always have sufficient support formed by the sieve plate 2A in the longitudinal direction A of the shaft 4 in order to form the aforementioned longitudinal locking of the shaft 4.
[0026] However, it should be noted that the shaft grooves in the sieve plate 2 that house the shafts 4 are either large enough or molded to allow the sieve plate 2 to be removed from the shafts without removing one or more of the shafts 4.
Claims
1. A blade device for sieving, crushing, or mixing for heavy machinery, comprising: a plurality of sieve plates (2) spaced apart from each other and forming a sieve surface with sieve grooves (3); one or more non-circular rotating shafts (4); and a power transmission member for rotating the shafts, wherein a plurality of interchangeable and freely movable blades (5, 50) in the longitudinal direction (A) of the shafts are directly attached to the shafts, and the blades (5, 50) extend outward from the shafts (4) into the sieve grooves In a blade device, the blade (5, 50) extends radially along the shaft (4) through (3), and the blade (5, 50) has a non-circular mounting hole (8) substantially corresponding to the cross-section of the shaft, wherein the blade (5, 50) is formed from two separate blade elements (5a, 5b; 50a, 50b), and the first blade element (5a; 50a) and the second blade element (5b, 50b) of the blade (5) have respective mounting openings (6a, 50b) that open radially outward from the mounting hole (8). The first blade element (5a; 50a) is sized so that, once installed, it can be mounted at a desired position on the shaft (4) through its mounting opening (6a), and the second blade element (5b, 50b) can be mounted on the shaft (4) next to the first blade element (5a; 50a) through its mounting opening (6b) from the opposite direction to the first blade element (5a; 50), and the first blade A blade device characterized in that the element (5a) and the second blade element (5b) can be aligned with each other in the longitudinal direction of the shaft (4) by longitudinal movement of the shaft (4), and the edges of the installation openings (6a, 6b) are provided with locking designs (6a', 6b') that form a lock between the installed first blade element (5a; 50a) and the second blade element (5b; 50b) in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of the shaft (4).
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the blade portion (5a') of the blade (5) that extends outward from the shaft through the sieve groove (3) in the radial direction of the shaft (4) is present only on the first element (5a).
3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the blade portion (5a') of the blade (5) that extends outward from the shaft through the sieve groove (3) in the radial direction of the shaft (4) is present on both blade elements (50a, 50b).
4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the blade (5) forms a sieving disc.
5. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the sieve plate (2) can be fixed in predetermined positions on both sides of the blade (5), thereby locking the blade elements (5a and 5b) in predetermined positions in the longitudinal direction (A) of the shaft (4).
6. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the design of the outer surface of the shaft (4) and the corresponding design of the inner surface (8a) of the mounting hole (8) are designed so that the blade (5) can be positioned at different angular positions relative to the shaft (4) along the circumferential dimension of the shaft (4).
7. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising an adapter (10) installed on the shaft (4) between the blades (5), wherein the adapter has discontinuous mounting holes (8) corresponding to the circumferential direction.
8. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the sieving, crushing, or mixing blade equipment is arranged in the bucket of the heavy machine.