Hydrophobic and hydrophilic modified maleated natural oils, their salts and agricultural compositions, and methods of use thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides an agricultural composition comprising a reaction product of (a) a maleated natural oil having a maleated functional group and (b) a base. The present invention also provides an agricultural composition comprising a reaction product of (a) a maleated natural oil having a maleated functional group, (b) a base, and (c) a functionalized or non-functionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties, and combinations thereof. Furthermore, the present invention is a reaction product of (a) a maleated natural oil having a maleated functional group, (b) a functionalized or non-functionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties, and combinations thereof, and (c) a base, having Structure (I) or (II) 【Chemical A】 JPEG2026518127000102.jpg57127 and 1 < n < 30, wherein R is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and alkaryl moieties containing from about 1 to about 36 carbon atoms, with or without heteroatoms, and R 4 is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkylene, cycloalkylene, alkenylene, arylene, and alkarylene moieties containing from about 2 to about 60 carbon atoms, with or without heteroatoms, and each Q is independently selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, 1 / 2Mg, 1 / 2Ca, 1 / 2Co, 1 / 2Cu, 1 / 2Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, and tetraalkylammonium.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application provides agricultural compositions comprising modified maleinated natural oil. Modified maleinated natural oil does not exhibit many of the limited properties of maleinated natural oil. Modified maleinated natural oil is useful in a variety of agricultural compositions and applications. [Background technology]

[0002] Modified natural oils may be nondispersible in water or alcohol. As a result, these oils can be incorporated into a variety of compositions. Such compositions include, but are not limited to, personal care (e.g., hair care, sun care, skin care, oral care), adhesives, coatings, paints, electronics, household, industrial and commercial (HI&I) compositions, inks, films, metalworking fluids, oilfield chemicals, plastics and plasticizers, textiles, industrial products, preservatives, pharmaceutical / nutrient formulations, and pesticide compositions.

[0003] Natural oils are useful in the synthesis of renewable compounds such as polymers, plastics, and plasticizers, and these compounds are useful in a variety of agricultural compositions. A challenge in the use of natural oils is that they are mixtures of triglycerides containing varying degrees of unsaturated groups, which are relatively unreactive. To make these natural oils more reactive, these unsaturated groups are generally chemically modified to impart reactivity. For example, these unsaturated groups can react to impart epoxide or succinic anhydride functional groups. Despite these chemical modifications, maleated natural oils may still exhibit limited properties such as insolubility or nondispersibility in water or alcohol. Therefore, there is a need for further modified maleated natural oils that do not exhibit these limited properties.

[0004] Natural oils are useful in the synthesis of renewable compounds such as polymers, plastics, and plasticizers, and these compounds are useful in a variety of agricultural compositions. A challenge in the use of natural oils is that they are mixtures of triligerides containing varying degrees of unsaturated groups, which are relatively unreactive. To make these natural oils more reactive, these unsaturated groups are generally chemically modified to impart reactivity. For example, these unsaturated groups can react to impart epoxide or succinic anhydride functional groups. Despite these chemical modifications, maleated natural oils may still exhibit limited properties such as insolubility or nondispersibility in water or alcohol. Therefore, there is a need for further modified maleated natural oils that do not exhibit these limited properties.

[0005] Natural oils are useful in the synthesis of renewable compounds such as polymers, plastics, and plasticizers, and these compounds are useful in a variety of agricultural compositions. A challenge in the use of natural oils is that they are mixtures of triglycerides containing varying degrees of unsaturated groups, which are relatively unreactive. To make these natural oils more reactive, these unsaturated groups are generally chemically modified to impart reactivity. For example, these unsaturated groups can react to impart epoxide or succinic anhydride functional groups. Despite these chemical modifications, maleated natural oils may still exhibit limited properties such as insolubility or nondispersibility in water or alcohol. Therefore, there is a need for further modified maleated natural oils that do not exhibit these limited properties.

[0006] Natural oils are useful in the synthesis of renewable compounds such as polymers, plastics, and plasticizers, and these compounds are useful in a variety of agricultural compositions. A challenge in the use of natural oils is that they are mixtures of triglycerides containing varying degrees of unsaturated groups, which are relatively unreactive. To make these natural oils more reactive, these unsaturated groups are generally chemically modified to impart reactivity. For example, these unsaturated groups can react to impart epoxide or succinic anhydride functional groups. Despite these chemical modifications, maleated natural oils may still exhibit limited properties such as insolubility or nondispersibility in water or alcohol. Therefore, there is a need for further modified maleated natural oils that do not exhibit these limited properties.

[0007] Natural oils are useful in the synthesis of renewable compounds such as polymers, plastics, and plasticizers, and these compounds are useful in a variety of agricultural compositions. A challenge in the use of natural oils is that they are mixtures of triglycerides containing varying degrees of unsaturated groups, which are relatively unreactive. To make these natural oils more reactive, these unsaturated groups are generally chemically modified to impart reactivity. For example, these unsaturated groups can react to impart epoxide or succinic anhydride functional groups. Despite these chemical modifications, maleated natural oils may still exhibit limited properties such as insolubility or nondispersibility in water or alcohol. Therefore, there is a need for further modified maleated natural oils that do not exhibit these limited properties.

[0008] Natural oils are useful in the synthesis of renewable compounds such as polymers, plastics, and plasticizers, and these compounds are useful in a variety of agricultural compositions. A challenge in the use of natural oils is that they are mixtures of triglycerides containing varying degrees of unsaturated groups, which are relatively unreactive. To make these natural oils more reactive, these unsaturated groups are generally chemically modified to impart reactivity. For example, these unsaturated groups can react to impart epoxide or succinic anhydride functional groups. Despite these chemical modifications, maleated natural oils may still exhibit limited properties such as insolubility or nondispersibility in water or alcohol. Therefore, there is a need for further modified maleated natural oils that do not exhibit these limited properties.

[0009] Natural oils are useful in the synthesis of renewable compounds such as polymers, plastics, and plasticizers, and these compounds are useful in a variety of agricultural compositions. A challenge in the use of natural oils is that they are mixtures of triglycerides containing varying degrees of unsaturated groups, which are relatively unreactive. To make these natural oils more reactive, these unsaturated groups are generally chemically modified to impart reactivity. For example, these unsaturated groups can react to impart epoxide or succinic anhydride functional groups. Despite these chemical modifications, maleated natural oils may still exhibit limited properties such as insolubility or nondispersibility in water or alcohol. Therefore, there is a need for further modified maleated natural oils that do not exhibit these limited properties.

[0010] Natural oils are useful in the synthesis of renewable compounds such as polymers, plastics, and plasticizers, and these compounds are useful in a variety of agricultural compositions. A challenge in the use of natural oils is that they are mixtures of triglycerides containing varying degrees of unsaturated groups, which are relatively unreactive. To make these natural oils more reactive, these unsaturated groups are generally chemically modified to impart reactivity. For example, these unsaturated groups can react to impart epoxide or succinic anhydride functional groups. Despite these chemical modifications, maleated natural oils may still exhibit limited properties such as insolubility or nondispersibility in water or alcohol. Therefore, there is a need for further modified maleated natural oils that do not exhibit these limited properties.

[0011] Natural oils are useful in the synthesis of renewable compounds such as polymers, plastics, and plasticizers, and these compounds are useful in a variety of agricultural compositions. A challenge in the use of natural oils is that they are mixtures of triglycerides containing varying degrees of unsaturated groups, which are relatively unreactive. To make these natural oils more reactive, these unsaturated groups are generally chemically modified to impart reactivity. For example, these unsaturated groups can react to impart epoxide or succinic anhydride functional groups. Despite these chemical modifications, maleated natural oils may still exhibit limited properties such as insolubility or nondispersibility in water or alcohol. Therefore, there is a need for further modified maleated natural oils that do not exhibit these limited properties.

[0012] Maleated natural oils are natural oils that have been chemically functionalized by the chemical addition of epoxide (oxirane) and succinic anhydride functional groups. Examples include epoxidized and maleated soybean oil and linseed oil, and unsaturated natural oils are suitable for this type of chemical functionalization.

[0013] U.S. Patent No. 9,809,538 describes modified natural compounds synthesized from epoxidized natural fatty acids, maleated natural fatty acids, epoxidized natural oils or maleated natural oils, and lactam compounds having a hydroxyl group, and examples include adhesives and beverage compositions.

[0014] The reaction scheme of the maleation reaction in vegetable oil is described in "Maleated soybean oil and its multifunctional properties" (Gripp, Anna A., Steinberg, David C., Cosmetics Exhibition & Conference Conference Proceedings, Barcelona, published on March 22 - 24, 1994).

[0015] The reaction scheme of the maleation reaction in vegetable oil is described in "Microwave Assisted Syntheses of Vegetable Oil Based Monomer" (Rafael T. Alarcon et al., Journal of Polymers and the Environment 28: 1265 - 1278, published in 2020).

[0016] The general reaction of maleic anhydride and unsaturated vegetable oil is described in "Handbook of Maleic Anhydride Based Materials - Syntheses, Properties and Applications" (written by Osama M. Musa, Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016, Chapter 3, page 166).

[0017] U.S. Patent No. 2,754,306 describes a technique for providing an improved plasticizer for a nitrocellulose composition by reacting soybean oil, maleic anhydride and isooctyl alcohol.

[0018] PCT Application Nos. 2019113068 and 2005071050 describe technologies related to metalworking oils containing maleated soybean oil derivatives.

[0019] Discussions on the polymerization of maleic anhydride and vegetable oils modified with polyols are described in "Polymerization of Maleic Anhydride-Modified Plant Oils with Polyols" (Tarik Eren, Selim H. Kusefoglu, Richard Wool, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Barcelona, Volume 90, Issue 1, Pages 197 - 202, 2003).

[0020] European Patent Application Publication No. 2754306 describes adhesives containing polycondensates and dienophile-modified fatty acids as crosslinking agents.

[0021] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20180070584 describes adjuvant compositions in which maleated natural oil derivatives are added to pesticide formulations and applied to target substrates to kill, inhibit or repel pests.

[0022] PCT Application No. 2005071050 describes a water-in-oil emulsion comprising a reaction product of maleic anhydride and triglyceride oils derived from plants or terrestrial animals, and further reacted with water, Group IA and IIA metals, ammonium hydroxide, various amines, alkanolamines, polyols, alkoxylated alkanolamines, poly(alkylene oxide), polyamines or mixtures thereof for metalworking oils.

[0023] U.S. Patent No. 10889693 describes compositions containing modified oil alkyl esters and / or modified oil aryl esters, which are transesterification reaction products of an oil (soybean oil) and a surfactant having a hydroxy group, and are used for treating agricultural plants.

[0024] U.S. Patent No. 5,733,970 describes a water-dispersible epoxy crosslinked maleinated oil (maleinated glyceride oil) microgel polymer for protective coatings.

[0025] U.S. Published Patent Application No. 20040197363 specifies that a mixture containing fertilizers, crop protectants, insecticides, pesticides, fungicides, desiccants, and hardening agents is selected as a coating granular material, with maleic anhydride / soybean oil adduct being cited as an example.

[0026] U.S. Patent No. 9,809,538 describes modified natural compounds synthesized from epoxidized natural fatty acids, maleized natural fatty acids, epoxidized natural oils, or maleized natural oils and lactam compounds having hydroxyl groups, which are used for agricultural purposes.

[0027] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20130210630 describes a self-emulsifying oil and active ingredient (e.g., a herbicide) obtained by reacting a vegetable oil (maleinized soybean oil) with a more polar part than the vegetable oil.

[0028] Despite the renewable, biodegradable, sustainable, and useful functionalities offered by natural fatty acids, natural oils, and their maleated counterparts, they may exhibit properties that limit their applications. For example, maleated soybean oil is insoluble and nondispersible in water and alcohol. As a result, these oils may be prone to leaching or phase separation from compound compositions. This characteristic makes compounding more difficult and often requires additional components to facilitate solutions, emulsions, or dispersions. Natural oils and maleated natural oils may not impart the desired properties required for their end use, such as solubility, glass transition, flexibility, gloss, and / or plasticity. Consequently, performance (including, but not limited to, stability, phase separation resistance, absorbency, washability, solubility, colorability, lubricity, film-forming properties, application uniformity, comedogenic tendency, and ease of removal) may be lower than desired. Furthermore, despite being important renewable materials, such natural oils are not necessarily the first choice for compounders and are often not considered at all in practice.

[0029] Mineral oils and vegetable oils are frequently used as components in agricultural compositions. Therefore, there is a need for renewable, natural, and biodegradable materials with diverse and controllable chemical, physical, and / or mechanical properties that minimize or eliminate the limitations found in natural oils and maleated natural oils. Most agricultural compositions contain multiple inert components or plant treatment aids to assist in the delivery of active ingredients with fungicidal, bactericidal, insecticidal, and herbicidal activity. Agricultural compositions comprising modified maleated natural oils in combination with agricultural active ingredients and specific components may improve the efficiency of the active ingredients themselves and can be used in agricultural applications. Therefore, there is a need for the development of novel functionalized maleated natural oils for use in therapeutic treatment of agricultural crops and in non-toxic, renewable resource-derived or inspired agricultural compositions. [Overview of the Initiative]

[0030] The present invention provides an agricultural composition comprising (a) a maleated natural oil having a maleating functional group, and (b) a reaction product of a base.

[0031] In another aspect of the present invention, this application provides an agricultural composition comprising (a) a maleated natural oil having a maleating functional group, and (b) a reaction product with a base, further comprising one or more agricultural active ingredients and one or more additional ingredients.

[0032] In another aspect of the present invention, this application provides an agricultural composition comprising (A) a reaction product of about 0.01 to about 20.0% by weight, wherein (a) a maleated natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleating functional group, and (b) a base, (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients in about 0.1 to about 90.0% by weight, and (C) one or more additional ingredients in about 1 to about 99.0% by weight.

[0033] In another aspect of the present invention, an agricultural composition is provided comprising: (A) a maleated natural oil having a maleated functional group; (B) a base in which the maleated functional group is partially reacted with the base; and (C) a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of a hydrophobic moiety, a hydrophilic moiety, and a combination thereof, in which the maleated functional group is partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety, and a reaction product of the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety.

[0034] In another aspect of the present invention, an agricultural composition is provided comprising (A) a reaction product comprising about 0.01% to about 20.0%, wherein (a) maleized natural oil, (b) a base in which the maleized functional group is partially reacted with the base, and (c) a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties and combinations thereof, in which the maleized functional group is partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety, (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients in about 1.0% to about 90.0% by weight, and (C) a reaction product of one or more ingredients in about 1% to about 99.0% by weight.

[0035] In another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a composition comprising (A) a maleated natural oil having a maleated functional group, (B) a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of a hydrophobic moiety, a hydrophilic moiety, and a combination thereof, wherein the maleated functional group is partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety, and (C) a base, wherein the reaction product is [ka] And, R is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and alkalyl moieties containing approximately 1 to approximately 36 carbon atoms, and each Q is independently selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, 1 / 2Mg, 1 / 2Ca, 1 / 2Co, 1 / 2Cu, 1 / 2Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, and tetraalkylammonium.

[0036] In another aspect of the present invention, a composition is provided comprising (A) a maleated natural oil having a maleated functional group, (B) a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of a hydrophobic moiety, a hydrophilic moiety, and a combination thereof, wherein the maleated functional group is partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety, and (C) a reaction product of a base, wherein the reaction product is [ka] It is a polymer, n is greater than 1, and R is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl and alkaryl moieties containing about 1 to about 36 carbon atoms, with or without heteroatoms, 4Q is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkylenes, cycloalkylenes, alkenylenes, allylenes, and alkalilene moieties containing about 2 to about 60 carbon atoms, having or not having heteroatoms, and each Q is independently selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, 1 / 2Mg, 1 / 2Ca, 1 / 2Co, 1 / 2Cu, 1 / 2Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, and tetraalkylammonium.

[0037] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a topical composition for animals or plants, which comprises (A) the following polymers [ka] The reaction product is approximately 0.01 to approximately 20.0% by weight, R is ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhex-1-yl, 2-butylocto-1-yl, 2-hexyldec-1-yl, 2-octyldodeck-1-yl, or a mixture thereof. 1 , R 2 and R 3 (B) a reaction product comprising (A) an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group containing hydrogen, methyl, or 2 to 18 carbon atoms, and optionally containing heteroatoms, in a safe and effective amount, (C) a reaction product comprising (B) an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group comprising (A) an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group comprising (B) an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group comprising (C

[0038] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a topical composition for animals or plants, which comprises (A) the following polymers [ka] The reaction product is approximately 0.01 to approximately 20.0% by weight, 1 < n < 30, and R is ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhex-1-yl, 2-butyloct-1-yl, 2-hexyldec-1-yl, 2-octyldodec-1-yl or a mixture thereof, and R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently hydrogen, methyl, or an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group containing from 2 to 18 carbon atoms and optionally containing heteroatoms, and R 4 is [Chemical formula] or a mixture thereof, about 0.01 to about 20.0% by weight of a reaction product, and (B) about 1.0 to about 90.0% by weight of one or more agriculturally active ingredients, and (C) about 1.0 to about 99.0% by weight of one or more additional ingredients in a safe and effective amount.

[0039] In another aspect of the present invention, the composition of the present invention may be considered applicable to uses selected from the group consisting of skin care compositions, oral care compositions, hair care compositions, energy compositions, lithium ion battery compositions, building compositions, antibacterial compositions, anti-corrosion compositions, nutritional supplement compositions, food compositions, agricultural compositions, coating compositions, ink compositions, cosmetic compositions, home care compositions, industrial and business compositions, metal processing compositions, fiber compositions, laundry compositions, cleaning compositions, and disinfection compositions.

[0040] In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an agricultural composition comprising a reaction product of (A) a maleated natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleated functional group, (B) a functionalized or non-functionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of a hydrophobic moiety, a hydrophilic moiety, and combinations thereof, wherein the maleated functional group is partially reacted with the functionalized or non-functionalized moiety, and (C) a base, and the reaction product is [Chemical formula] and R is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl and alkaryl moieties containing from about 1 to about 36 carbon atoms, and each Q is independently selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, 1 / 2Mg, 1 / 2Ca, 1 / 2Co, 1 / 2Cu, 1 / 2Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium and tetraalkylammonium.

[0041] In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an agricultural composition comprising a reaction product of (A) a maleated natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleated functional group, (B) a functionalized or non-functionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties and combinations thereof, wherein the maleated functional group is partially reacted with the functionalized or non-functionalized moiety, and (C) a base, and the reaction product is

Chemical formula

[0042] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a topical composition for animals or plants, which comprises (A) about 0.01 to about 20.0% by weight, [ka] The reaction product of, R is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and alkaryl moieties containing about 1 to about 36 carbon atoms, and each Q comprises a reaction product independently selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, 1 / 2Mg, 1 / 2Ca, 1 / 2Co, 1 / 2Cu, 1 / 2Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, and tetraalkylammonium, and a safe and effective amount of (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients in about 1.0 to about 90.0% by weight, and (C) one or more additional ingredients in about 1.0 to about 99.0% by weight.

[0043] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a topical composition for animals or plants, which is (A) [ka] The reaction product is a polymer of which, in an amount of approximately 0.01 to approximately 20.0% by weight, R is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl and alkaryl moieties containing about 1 to about 36 carbon atoms, having or not having heteroatoms, 4Q is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkylene, cycloalkylene, alkenylene, allylene and alkalilene moieties containing about 2 to about 60 carbon atoms, having or not having heteroatoms, and each Q comprises a safe and effective amount of the reaction product independently selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, 1 / 2Mg, 1 / 2Ca, 1 / 2Co, 1 / 2Cu, 1 / 2Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium and tetraalkylammonium.

[0044] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a topical composition for animals or plants, which comprises (A) about 0.01 to about 20.0% by weight, [ka] The reaction product of, R is ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhex-1-yl, 2-butylocto-1-yl, 2-hexyldec-1-yl, 2-octyldodeck-1-yl, or a mixture thereof. 1 , R 2 and R 3 Each is an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group, each independently containing hydrogen, methyl, or 2 to 18 carbon atoms, and optionally containing a heteroatom, comprising a safe and effective amount of (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients in about 1.0 to about 90.0% by weight and (C) one or more additional ingredients in about 1.0 to about 99.0% by weight.

[0045] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a topical composition for animals or plants, which is (A) [ka] The reaction product is a polymer of which, in an amount of approximately 0.01 to approximately 20.0% by weight, 1 < n < 30, and R is ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhex-1-yl, 2-butyloct-1-yl, 2-hexyldec-1-yl, 2-octyldodec-1-yl, or a mixture thereof, and R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently hydrogen, methyl, or an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group containing from 2 to 18 carbon atoms and optionally containing heteroatoms, and R 4 is [Chemical formula] or a mixture thereof, and a safe and effective amount of a reaction product, (B) from about 1.0 to about 90.0% by weight of one or more agriculturally active ingredients, and (C) from about 1.0 to about 99.0% by weight of one or more additional ingredients.

[0046] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides an agricultural composition, the composition being selected from the group consisting of an adjuvant composition, a fertilizer composition, a nutritional composition, a plant fortifying composition, a seed coating composition, a soil improving composition, a livestock composition, a granular composition, a sustained release composition, a film coating composition, a rodenticide, an insecticide, a acaricide, an algicide, a molluscicide, a mite repellent, a bird repellent, a fungicide, a pesticidal composition, a bactericidal composition, an antibiotic composition, an antibacterial composition, an antiviral composition, an antifungal composition, an antiprotozoal composition, an anthelmintic composition, a wood preservative composition, an antimicrobial composition or a plant yield enhancing composition for soil.

[0047] Modified maleated natural oils are useful in various agricultural compositions and their uses. [Embodiments for Carrying out the Invention]

[0048] This application provides an agricultural composition comprising a modified maleated natural oil that does not exhibit many of the limiting properties of maleated natural oils. Modified maleated natural oils are useful in various agricultural compositions and their uses.

[0049] Natural oils are abundant, inexpensive, and obtainable from sustainable sources. They are useful in the synthesis of renewable compounds such as polymers, plastics, and plasticizers, which are useful in various agricultural compositions. One difficulty in utilizing natural oils is that they are mixtures of triglycerides containing various unsaturated groups, which are relatively unreactive. To make these natural oils reactive, these unsaturated groups are generally chemically modified to impart reactivity. For example, these unsaturated groups can react to impart epoxide or succinic anhydride functional groups. Despite these chemical modifications, maleated natural oils may still exhibit limited properties, such as insolubility or nondispersibility in water or alcohol. Therefore, there is a need for further modified maleated natural oils that do not exhibit these limited properties.

[0050] Unless otherwise defined herein, technical terms used in connection with the disclosed and / or claimed inventive concepts shall have the meaning generally understood by those skilled in the art. Furthermore, unless otherwise required by context, singular terms shall include plural forms and plural terms shall include singular forms.

[0051] The singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are considered to include the plural form unless the context explicitly specifies otherwise or the context in which they are referenced explicitly suggests the opposite meaning. The terms "equipped with" and "equipped with" also encompass more restrictive claims such as "substantially consisting of" and "consisting of."

[0052] In the detailed description below, except for the examples, or unless otherwise explicitly stated, all numerical values ​​such as the amounts of components described in the specification and claims should be understood to be modified by "approximately." The numerical parameters described in the specification and appended claims are approximations that may vary depending on the desired characteristics to be obtained in the implementation of the invention.

[0053] All percentages, parts, proportions, and ratios used herein are based on the weight of the entire composition unless otherwise specified. These weights for the listed components are based on the active ingredient level and, therefore, do not include solvents or by-products that may be present in commercially available materials unless otherwise specified.

[0054] All publications, articles, papers, patents, patent publications, and other references cited herein are incorporated herein in their entirety to the extent consistent with the disclosures herein.

[0055] The use of the term "at least one" should be understood to include 1, as well as any quantity greater than 1, including but not limited to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, etc. The term "at least one" can also extend to 100 or 1000 or more, depending on the term it is attached to. Furthermore, the quantity 100 / 1000 is not limiting, and satisfactory results may be obtained with lower or higher threshold values.

[0056] "Branched and unbranched alkyl groups" refers to linear or branchable alkyl groups. Branched groups include isopropyl, tert-butyl, and others.

[0057] As used herein, “comprising” (and any variations of “comprise,” “comprises,” etc.), “having” (and any variations of “have,” “has,” etc.), “including” (and any variations of “includes,” “include,” etc.), and “containing” (and any variations of “contains,” “contain,” etc.) are comprehensive or unrestrictive and do not exclude additional, undescribed elements or method steps.

[0058] The phrase "each independently selected from a group consisting of ~" means that if a group appears multiple times in a structure, that group can be independently selected each time it appears.

[0059] The term "polymer" refers to a compound comprising repeating structural units (monomers) linked by covalent bonds. Polymers can be further derivatized, crosslinked, grafted, or terminated. Non-limiting examples of polymers include copolymers, terpolymers, quaternary copolymers, quaternary polymers, and homologs. A "polymer" refers to a polymer consisting of a copolymer obtained by polymerizing substantially two or more different monomers.

[0060] The term "reaction product" refers to a substance produced from a chemical reaction between one or more reactants.

[0061] The term "natural oil" refers to compounds containing triglycerides and may contain varying amounts of fatty acids, monoglycerides, diglycerides, and triglycerides, which refer to oils of plant or animal origin. Natural oils also include fatty acid glyceryl esters synthesized by reacting glycerol with 1, 2, or 3 molar equivalents of fatty acids or fatty acid mixtures. These compounds may be monoglycerides, diglycerides, or triglycerides of a single fatty acid or fatty acid mixture.

[0062] As used herein, the term “maleinized natural oil” refers to a natural oil containing at least one maleinated functional group. Therefore, as used herein, the terms “maleination” or “maleinized” should be understood to be synonymous with “functionalization” insofar as the use of functionalizing reagents other than maleic anhydride is envisioned in the process of the invention.

[0063] As used herein, the terms “part” or “subgroup” refer to a part or functional group of a molecule.

[0064] The term "maleinated functional group" refers to the portion formed by the addition of maleic anhydride to an unsaturated fatty acid acyl chain in natural oils via an energy reaction. Maleinated functional groups include, but are not limited to, cyclic anhydride type (I), diacid type (II), disodium dicarboxylate type (III), other dicarboxylate salt types, and semi-ester type (IV). Since the carbon-carbon double bond of maleic anhydride becomes a saturated carbon-carbon single bond during the energy reaction, the maleinated functional groups indicated by I, II, III, and IV may also be called succinic anhydride, succinic acid, succinate, or succinic acid semi-ester functional groups to those skilled in the art. [ka]

[0065] As used herein, the term “base” refers to any substance that can change the pH of a solution from neutral (7.0) to basic (i.e., 7.1–14). Typically, a base is a broad class of compounds that possess one of the following properties: bitterness, slipperiness in solution, the ability to turn litmus blue and other indicators to exhibit their characteristic colors, or the ability to react with (neutralize) acids to form salts, and includes organic bases or inorganic bases and mixtures thereof.

[0066] As used herein, the term “organic base” includes ammonia, primary amines, secondary amines, pyridine, imidazole, benzimidazole, histidine, guanidine, and mixtures thereof.

[0067] As used herein, the term "inorganic base" includes oxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, carbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, bicarbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, oxides of transition metals, hydroxides of transition metals, carbonates of transition metals, bicarbonates of transition metals, and combinations thereof.

[0068] The term "alkali metal base" includes oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, or bicarbonates of sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr).

[0069] The term "alkaline earth metal bases" includes oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, or bicarbonates of beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra).

[0070] The term "transition metal base" refers to scandium (Sc), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), technetium (Tc), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), This includes oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, or bicarbonates of hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), mercury (Hg), rutherfordium (Rf), dubnium (Db), seaborgium (Sg), bohrium (Bh), hassium (Hs), meitnerium (Mt), dermstadtium (Ds), and roentgenium (Rg).

[0071] As used herein, the term “agricultural active ingredients” refers to chemical substances used in agriculture, horticulture, and pest control to protect crops, plants, structures, animals, and humans from unwanted organisms such as fungal and bacterial plant pathogens, weeds, insects, mites, algae, and nematodes. In particular, active ingredients selected from the group consisting of fertilizers, herbicides, ovicidal agents, fungicidal agents, or repellents and antimicrobial compounds selected from rodenticides, acaricides, algicidal agents, mollusk repellents, mite repellents, bird repellents, insecticides, disinfectants, antibiotics, antibacterial agents, antiviral agents, antifungal agents, antiprotozoal agents, and anthelmintic agents, which are applied to plants, seeds, soil, or other growing media to improve physical, chemical, or biological properties for agricultural production purposes and to improve pre-harvest crop production, plant growth, product quality, product durability, or yield.

[0072] As used herein, the term "additional component" refers to an adjuvant or inactive component substance that can enhance the biological activity of the active component but does not possess significant biological activity itself. Agricultural components assist the effectiveness of the active component, for example, by improving the delivery and uptake of the agricultural active ingredient to target plants or animals, thereby improving biological control.

[0073] In an agricultural composition comprising the components, the auxiliary agent is selected from acidifying agents, buffering agents, defoaming agents, antifoaming agents, evaporation inhibitors, dyes and fluorescent whitening agents, compatibility agents, crop oil concentrates, oily surfactants, depositing agents, drift reducing agents, foam markers, feeding stimulants, herbicide safety agents, spreading agents, thickeners, adhesives, suspending agents, gelling agents, synergistic agents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, dispersants, penetrating agents, tank and equipment cleaning agents, neutralizing agents, water absorbents, water softeners, and mixtures thereof.

[0074] The agricultural composition may further comprise components selected from solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants, compatibilizers, bactericidal agents, antifreezes, crystallization inhibitors, colorants, adhesives, binders, preservatives, pH adjusters, clarifiers, stabilizers, UV stabilizers, and mixtures thereof.

[0075] The term "functionalized" for any part means that the part contains one or more functional groups. Various functional groups can be introduced to a part by one or more functionalization reactions known to those skilled in the art. Non-limiting examples of functionalization reactions include alkylation, epoxidation, sulfonation, hydrolysis, amidation, esterification, hydroxylation, dihydroxylation, amination, ammonialysis, acylation, nitration, oxidation, dehydration, elimination, hydration, dehydrogenation, hydrogenation, acetalization, halogenation, dehalogenation, Michael addition, aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Mannich reaction, Klassen condensation, Suzuki coupling, and the like. In one non-limiting embodiment, the term "functionalized" means that any part contains one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl, halogen, alkoxy, amino, imino, and combinations thereof.

[0076] As used herein, "hydrophilic" means that a compound has an affinity for water, and "hydrophobic" means that it does not have an affinity for water.

[0077] These terms are relative; hydrophilic parts have a higher affinity for water than hydrophobic parts, but hydrophilic parts may or may not be completely water-soluble. Similarly, hydrophobic parts have a lower affinity for water than hydrophilic parts, but hydrophobic parts are not necessarily water-repellent. Hydrophilic parts tend to have an affinity for water and other polar solvents, while hydrophobic parts tend to have an affinity for oils and other nonpolar solvents.

[0078] "Unreacted maleated functional group" refers to the presence of unreacted maleic anhydride functional groups in the reaction product of the present invention, where the anhydride functional group remains completely unreacted and intact. Since the carbon-carbon double bond of maleic anhydride is saturated during the "energy" or "maleation" reaction, the "unreacted maleated functional group" can also be considered as an intact succinic anhydride moiety or subgroup.

[0079] The term "hydrocarbon group" refers to linear and branched alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl groups, and combinations thereof, which optionally contain heteroatoms. Hydrocarbon groups can be monovalent, divalent, or polyvalent, and their carbon chains contain at least two carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 100 carbon atoms.

[0080] The term "alkyl" refers to a functionalized or unfunctionalized monovalent linear, branched, or cyclic C1-C60 hydrocarbon group, which may optionally contain one or more heteroatoms. A non-limiting example is a C1-C45 hydrocarbon group. Another non-limiting example is a C1-C30 hydrocarbon group. Non-limiting examples of alkyl include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, tert-octyl, isonorbornyl, n-dodecyl, tert-dodecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-eicosyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc. The definition of "alkyl" also includes groups obtained by combinations of linear, branched, and / or cyclic structures.

[0081] The term "aryl" refers to a functionalized or unfunctionalized monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group that may have one or more heteroatoms. The definition of aryl includes carbocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic groups. Non-restrictive examples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, indenyl, indanyl, azlenyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, 2-pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, pyridadinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, 1,3,5-trithianyl, indolidinyl, Examples include indolyl, isoindolyl, 3H-indolyl, indolinyl, benzo[b]furanyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzo[b]thiophenyl, 1H-indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, prinyl, 4H-quinolidinyl, isoquinolinyl, sinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, 1,8-nafuslidinyl, pteridinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxyazinyl, pyrazolo[1,5-c]triazinyl, etc.

[0082] The term "aralkyl" refers to an alkyl group having one or more aryl substituents, where "aryl" and "alkyl" are defined as above. Non-limiting examples of aralkyl groups include benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 4-phenylbutyl, 5-phenylpentyl, 4-phenylcyclohexyl, 4-benzylcyclohexyl, 4-phenylcyclohexylmethyl, and 4-benzylcyclohexylmethyl.

[0083] The term "alkylene" refers to a functionalized or unfunctionalized divalent linear, branched, or cyclic C1-C40 hydrocarbon group, which may optionally contain one or more heteroatoms. A non-limiting example is an alkylene group consisting of C1-C30 atoms. Another non-limiting example is an alkylene group consisting of C1-C20 atoms. Non-limiting examples of alkylene groups include the following: [ka]

[0084] The term "alylene" refers to a functionalized or unfunctionalized divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group, which may contain one or more heteroatoms as needed. The definition of allylene includes carbocyclic and heterocyclic groups. Non-exclusive examples of allylene groups include phenylene, naphthylene, and pyridinylene.

[0085] The term "heteroatom" refers to oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, silicon, phosphorus, or halogen. Heteroatoms can exist as part of one or more heteroatom-containing functional groups. Non-exclusive examples of heteroatom-containing functional groups include ethers, hydroxyls, epoxys, carbonyls, carboxamides, carboxylic acid esters, carboxylic acids, imines, imides, amines, sulfonic acids, sulfonamides, phosphonic acids, and silane groups. Heteroatoms can also exist as part of rings, such as heteroaromatic groups and heteroalylene groups.

[0086] The structures shown below may refer to the first structure, the second structure, or the third structure, or a combination thereof. Succinic anhydride groups may be present in the upper, middle, or lower chains. [ka]

[0087] In one non-limiting embodiment, the hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions are hydrocarbon alcohols, hydrocarbon amines, silicon compounds, or combinations thereof.

[0088] Hydrocarbon alcohols are classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols based on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the carbon atom containing the hydroxyl group. Each classification of alcohol may have a general formula. For example, the general formula for a primary alcohol is: [ka] The general formula for secondary alcohols is [ka] and The general formula for tertiary alcohols is [ka] Here, R, R', and R'' represent different alkyl, alkylene, aryl, aralkyl, and arylene groups.

[0089] The present invention provides an agricultural composition comprising a reaction product of a maleated natural oil and a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties, and combinations thereof. In one non-limiting embodiment, the reaction product comprises an unreacted maleated functional group, or a maleated functional group functionalized with a hydrophobic moiety, a hydrophilic moiety, or a combination thereof.

[0090] Preferably, the hydrophobic portion is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl alcohol and amine, and the alcohol and amine contain about 6 to about 36 carbon atoms and may contain heteroatoms, silicon-based compounds and combinations thereof.

[0091] Preferably, the hydrophilic portion is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl alcohol and amine, where the alcohol and amine contain about 1 to about 5 carbon atoms and may contain heteroatoms, unsubstituted or substituted polyols, while the unsubstituted or substituted polyols contain about 2 to about 36 carbon atoms and may contain heteroatoms, silanes, and combinations thereof.

[0092] Preferably, the silane is functionalized with an alcohol or an amine, or a combination thereof. Preferably, the hydrophobic alcohol is selected from the group consisting of hexanol, heptanol, nonanol, decanol, dodecanol, phenol, ethylbenzyl alcohol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 2-butyl-1-octanol, 2-octyl-1-dodecanol, 1-tetradecanol, 2-tetradecanol, 1-hexadecanol, 2-hexadecanol, behenyl alcohol, 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol, 2-propyl-1-pentanol, 4-methyl-1-pentanol, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the hydrophilic alcohol is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, methoxypolyethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the hydrophilic polyol is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, hexylene glycol, sorbitol, neopentyl glycol, erythritol, mannitol, xylitol, sreitol, pentaerythritol, β-cyclodextrin, ribose, 2-deoxygalactose, and mixtures thereof.

[0093] Preferably, the hydrophobic amine is selected from the group consisting of benzylamine, cyclohexylamine, hexylamine, methylhexylamine, phenethylamine, octylamine, oleylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, octadecylamine, undecylamine, pentadecylamine, 2-methylbutylamine, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the hydrophilic amine is selected from the group consisting of diethanolamine, selinol hydrochloride, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, dimethylamine, and mixtures thereof.

[0094] Preferably, the hydrophobic polyol is selected from the group consisting of 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol, poly(tetramethylene carbonate), poly(hexamethylene carbonate), and castor oil.

[0095] Preferably, the hydrophobic silicon compound is selected from the group consisting of aminopropylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane, N-ethylaminoisobutyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, poly(1,1-dimethylsilazane) telomer, aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, monoaminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, (tetramethylpiperidinyloxy)propylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer, polydimethylsiloxane, carbinol(hydroxyl)-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, monocarbinol-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, monocarbinol-terminated functionalized polydimethylsiloxane, [bis(hydroxyethyl)amine]-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, silanol-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, silanol-terminated polydiphenylsiloxane, dodecylmethylsiloxane-hydroxypolyalkyleneoxypropylmethylsiloxane, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the hydrophilic silane is selected from the group consisting of 3-aminopropylsilanetriol, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylsilanetriol, and mixtures thereof.

[0096] In one non-limiting embodiment, the hydrophobic portion is a hydrocarbon alcohol containing about 6 to about 36 carbon atoms and being linear, branched, saturated, unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic, monofunctional, or polyfunctional.

[0097] In one non-limiting embodiment, the hydrophilic polyol is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, hexylene glycol, sorbitol, neopentyl glycol, erythritol, mannitol, xylitol, sreitol, pentaerythritol, β-cyclodextrin, ribose, 2-deoxygalactose, and mixtures thereof.

[0098] In one non-limiting embodiment, the amine is selected from the group consisting of primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, and combinations thereof.

[0099] Hydrocarbon amines are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the amine nitrogen atom.

[0100] Each classification of amines may have a general formula. For example, The general formula for primary amines is [ka] And the general formula for secondary amines is [ka] The general formula for tertiary amines is [ka] Here, R and R' represent the same or different alkyl, alkylene, aryl, aralkyl, or allyne groups.

[0101] In one non-limiting embodiment, the hydrophobic moiety is a hydrocarbon amine containing about 6 to about 36 carbon atoms and being linear, branched, saturated, unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic, monofunctional, or polyfunctional.

[0102] In one non-limiting embodiment, the silicon-based compound has the following structure [ka] It is a compound having the following properties: R represents a different alkyl, alkylene, aryl, aralkyl, allylene, or heterogroup functionalized with at least one alcohol, amine, or combination thereof, and n has a value of 1 to 10.

[0103] In one non-limiting embodiment, the silicon-based compound is a siloxane, or a silane functionalized with an alcohol, an amine, or a combination thereof.

[0104] In one non-limiting embodiment, the silicon-based compound is a linear, branched, saturated, unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic, monofunctional, or polyfunctional compound.

[0105] In one non-limiting embodiment, the hydrocarbon alcohol is a hydrophobic alcohol selected from the group consisting of hexanol, heptanol, nonanol, decanol, dodecanol, phenol, ethylbenzyl alcohol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 2-butyl-1-octanol, 2-octyl-1-dodecanol, 1-tetradecanol, 2-tetradecanol, 1-hexadecanol, 2-hexadecanol, behenyl alcohol, 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol, 2-propyl-1-pentanol, 4-methyl-1-pentanol, and mixtures thereof.

[0106] In one non-limiting embodiment, the hydrocarbon alcohol is a hydrophilic alcohol selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, methoxypolyethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the hydrophilic polyol is ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, hexylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitol, octanol, methylethylpentanol, trimethylpentanol, ethylhexanol, methylheptanol, nonanol, methyloctanol, ethylheptanol, methylethylhexanol, cyclohexanol, dimethylheptanol, decanol, methylnonanol Selected from the group consisting of ethyl octanol, trimethylheptanol, undecanol, methyldecanol, ethyl nonanol, dodecanol, tetradecanol, hexadecanol, octadecanol, benzyl alcohol, phenoxyethanol, neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, N-methyldiethanolamine, erythritol, mannitol, xylitol, pentaerythritol, sreitol, pentaerythritol, β-cyclodextrin, ribose, 2-deoxygalactose, and mixtures thereof.

[0107] In one non-limiting embodiment, the hydrocarbonamine is a hydrophobic amine selected from the group consisting of benzylamine, cyclohexylamine, hexylamine, methylhexylamine, phenethylamine, octylamine, oleylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, octadecylamine, undecylamine, pentadecylamine, 2-methylbutylamine, and mixtures thereof.

[0108] In one non-limiting embodiment, the hydrocarbonamine is a hydrophilic amine selected from the group consisting of 2-methylpentane-1,5-diamine, diethanolamine, selinol hydrochloride, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, dimethylamine, and mixtures thereof.

[0109] In one non-limiting embodiment, the silicon-based compound is a hydrophobic compound selected from the group consisting of aminopropylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane, N-ethylaminoisobutyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, poly(1,1-dimethylsilazane) telomer, aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, monoaminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, (tetramethylpiperidinyloxy)propylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer, polydimethylsiloxane, carbinol(hydroxyl)-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, monocarbinol-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, monocarbinol-terminated functionalized polydimethylsiloxane, [bis(hydroxyethyl)amine]-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, silanol-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, silanol-terminated polydiphenylsiloxane, dodecylmethylsiloxane-hydroxypolyalkyleneoxypropylmethylsiloxane, and mixtures thereof. [ka]

[0110] In one non-limiting embodiment, the silicon compound is a hydrophilic compound selected from the group consisting of 3-aminopropylsilanetriol, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylsilanetriol, and mixtures thereof. [ka]

[0111] Preferably, the maleated natural oil is selected from the group consisting of maleated avocado oil, maleated coconut oil, maleated corn oil, maleated cottonseed oil, maleated jojoba oil, maleated linseed oil, maleated nut oil, maleated olive oil, maleated palm oil, maleated raisin oil, maleated rapeseed oil, maleated safflower oil, maleated sesame oil, maleated soybean oil, maleated pumpkin oil, maleated sunflower oil, maleated almond oil, maleated canola oil, maleated flaxseed oil, maleated grapeseed oil, maleated palm oil, maleated palm kernel oil, maleated peanut oil, maleated walnut oil, maleated chickpea oil, maleated clary sage oil, and mixtures thereof. More preferably, the maleated natural oil is maleated soybean oil.

[0112] The reactions relating to this application can be readily synthesized by methods known to those skilled in the art, and non-limiting examples include radical polymerization, solution polymerization, dispersion polymerization, emulsion polymerization, ionic chain polymerization, living polymerization, bulk polymerization, suspension polymerization, or precipitation polymerization. In particular, polymerization is carried out by any of the methods disclosed in George Odian, "Principles of Polymerization," 4th edition (2004, Wiley), which are incorporated herein by reference, as well as in KW Dixon, "Decomposition Rate of Organic Free Radical Polymerization" (Polymer Handbook, Vol. 1, 4th edition, Wiley-Interscience, 1999, Chapter II), which are also incorporated herein by reference.

[0113] Maleation in natural oils can occur in three different ways under heating. The first method is known as the "ene" reaction (pericyclic reaction between an allyl group with an allyl hydrogen and an enophil), yielding a triglyceride structure with an anhydride moiety (succinic anhydride) and a transfer of the double bond on the fatty acid. The second method is radical addition, which consumes the double bond in the fatty acid and introduces succinic anhydride into the natural oil structure. The final reaction is also radical addition, introducing maleic anhydride into the natural oil structure without consuming the C=C bond (fatty acid chain and maleic anhydride), and this reaction occurs by the deprotonation of hydrogen between two alkene groups. Subsequently, the maleated natural oil can react with hydrocarbon alcohols, hydrocarbon amines, or the hydrophobic or hydrophilic moieties of silicon compounds.

[0114] The non-limiting examples of reactions described above are for illustrative purposes only and can be carried out at high temperatures, such as approximately 150°C to 300°C, or approximately 170°C to 230°C, or approximately 200°C to 220°C. The reaction time can range from approximately 0.5 hours to approximately 10 hours. In one embodiment, the reaction time is in the range of approximately 1 hour to approximately 5 hours, in another embodiment it is in the range of approximately 2 hours to 4 hours, and in yet another embodiment it is in the range of approximately 6 hours to 10 hours.

[0115] In the maleation process, in some embodiments, the molar ratio of maleic anhydride to natural oil is 1:1. In other embodiments, the molar ratio of maleic anhydride to natural oil is 1:1 to 2:1, in yet another embodiment, 1:1 to 2.8:1, and in yet another embodiment, 1:1 to 3.2:1.

[0116] In some embodiments, the reaction between maleized natural oil and a hydrophobic moiety, hydrophilic moiety, or a combination thereof involves a maleized natural oil having, on average, about 2 equivalents or more of maleated functional groups, with a molar ratio of about 1:1 between the hydrophobic moiety, hydrophilic moiety, or a combination thereof, thereby forming a reaction product having at least about one unreacted maleated functional group.

[0117] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides an agricultural composition comprising (A) a reaction product of a maleated natural oil having a maleating functional group with a base, further comprising (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients, and (C) one or more additional ingredients.

[0118] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides an agricultural composition comprising (A) a reaction product of about 0.01 to about 20.0% by weight, wherein the reaction product is a reaction product of (a) a maleated natural oil having a maleating functional group and (b) a base, and (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients in about 0.1 to about 90.0% by weight, and (C) one or more additional ingredients in about 1 to about 99.0% by weight.

[0119] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides an agricultural composition comprising (A) a reaction product in about 0.01 to about 20.0% by weight, comprising (a) a maleated natural oil having a maleating functional group, and (b) a base selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and mixtures thereof, wherein the maleating functional group is partially reacted with the base, (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients in about 1.0 to about 90.0% by weight, and (C) one or more additional ingredients in about 1.0 to about 99.0%.

[0120] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention relates to (A) a reaction product having one or more structures selected from the group of structures comprising a maleated functional group that has fully or partially reacted with a base selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and mixtures thereof, and the following structure [ka] [ka] [ka] [ka] The present invention provides an agricultural composition comprising a reaction product consisting of a mixture thereof.

[0121] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides an agricultural composition comprising: (A) a maleated natural oil having a maleated functional group; (B) a base in which the maleated functional group is partially reacted with the base; and (C) a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties and combinations thereof, in which the maleated functional group is partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety, and a reaction product of the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety.

[0122] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides an agricultural composition comprising: (A) a reaction product comprising about 0.01% to about 20.0%, wherein (a) maleized natural oil, (b) a base, wherein the maleized functional group is partially reacted with the base, and (c) a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties and combinations thereof, wherein the maleized functional group is partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety; (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients in about 1.0% to about 90.0% by weight; and (C) a reaction product of one or more ingredients in about 1% to about 99.0% by weight.

[0123] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides an agricultural composition comprising: (A) a reaction product of about 0.01 to about 20.0% by weight, comprising (a) a maleated natural oil having a maleating functional group; (b) a base selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and mixtures thereof, wherein the maleating functional group is partially reacted with the base; and (c) octyldodecyl alcohol or glycerol and combinations thereof, wherein the maleating functional group is partially reacted with the octyldodecyl alcohol or glycerol moiety; (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients in about 1.0 to about 90.0% by weight; and (C) a reaction product of one or more additional ingredients in about 1.0 to about 99.0%.

[0124] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention comprises (a) a maleated natural oil having a maleated functional group, (b) a base selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and mixtures thereof, wherein the maleated functional group is partially reacted with the base, and (c) the structure described below [ka] [ka] [ka] The present invention provides an agricultural composition comprising a reaction product of octyldodecyl alcohol or glycerol, which consists of and mixtures thereof, wherein R is ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-butyloctyl, 2-hexyldecyl, 2-octyldodecyl, or a mixture thereof.

[0125] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention comprises a maleated natural oil comprising (A) a natural oil having a maleated functional group, and (B) a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties and combinations thereof, wherein the maleated functional group is partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety, and (C) a base, the reaction product of which the reaction product is [ka] It is represented as, The present invention provides a composition in which R is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and alkalyl moieties containing about 1 to about 36 carbon atoms, and each Q is independently selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, 1 / 2Mg, 1 / 2Ca, 1 / 2Co, 1 / 2Cu, 1 / 2Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, and tetraalkylammonium.

[0126] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention comprises (A) a maleated natural oil having a maleated functional group, and (B) a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties and combinations thereof, wherein the maleated functional group is partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety, and (C) a base, the reaction product of which the reaction product is a polymer as described below. [ka] It is represented as, n is greater than 1, and R is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl and alkaryl moieties having or not having heteroatoms and containing about 1 to about 36 carbon atoms, R 4The present invention provides a composition in which Q is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkylenes, cycloalkylenes, alkenylenes, allylenes, and alkalilene moieties having or not having heteroatoms and containing about 2 to about 60 carbon atoms, and each Q is independently selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, 1 / 2Mg, 1 / 2Ca, 1 / 2Co, 1 / 2Cu, 1 / 2Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, and tetraalkylammonium.

[0127] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a composition that can be applied to applications selected from the group consisting of skincare compositions, oral care compositions, haircare compositions, energy compositions, lithium-ion battery compositions, building compositions, antibacterial compositions, preservative compositions, nutritional supplement compositions, food compositions, agricultural compositions, coating compositions, ink compositions, cosmetic compositions, home care compositions, industrial and commercial compositions, metalworking compositions, textile compositions, laundry compositions, cleaning compositions, and disinfectant compositions.

[0128] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention comprises a maleated natural oil having (A) a maleated functional group, a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties and combinations thereof, wherein the maleated functional group is partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety, and (C) a reaction product of a base, the reaction product being [ka] It is represented as, The present invention provides an agricultural composition in which R is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and alkalyl moieties containing about 1 to about 36 carbon atoms, and each Q is independently selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, 1 / 2Mg, 1 / 2Ca, 1 / 2Co, 1 / 2Cu, 1 / 2Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, and tetraalkylammonium.

[0129] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention comprises (A) a maleated natural oil having a maleated functional group, (B) a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties and combinations thereof, wherein the maleated functional group is partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety, and (C) a reaction product of a base, wherein the reaction product is a polymer as described below. [ka] It is represented as, n is greater than 1, and R is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl and alkaryl moieties having or not having heteroatoms and containing about 1 to about 36 carbon atoms, R 4 The present invention provides an agricultural composition in which Q is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkylenes, cycloalkylenes, alkenylenes, allylenes, and alkalilenes, having or not having heteroatoms and containing about 2 to about 60 carbon atoms, and each Q is independently selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, 1 / 2Mg, 1 / 2Ca, 1 / 2Co, 1 / 2Cu, 1 / 2Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, and tetraalkylammonium.

[0130] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention relates to an agricultural composition suitable for external use on animals or plants, wherein (A) the following [ka] The reaction product is approximately 0.01 to approximately 20.0% by weight, The present invention provides an agricultural composition comprising (B) one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and alkaryl moieties containing about 1 to about 36 carbon atoms, and each Q independently selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, 1 / 2Mg, 1 / 2Ca, 1 / 2Co, 1 / 2Cu, 1 / 2Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, and tetraalkylammonium in safe and effective amounts, (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients in about 1.0 to about 90.0% by weight, and (C) one or more additional ingredients in about 1.0 to about 99.0% by weight.

[0131] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention relates to an agricultural composition suitable for external use on animals or plants, wherein (A) the following [ka] The reaction product is approximately 0.01 to approximately 20.0% by weight, R is ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-butyloctyl, 2-hexyldecyl, 2-octyldodecyl, or a mixture thereof. 1 , R 2 and R 3 The present invention provides an agricultural composition comprising (B) a reaction product in a safe and effective amount comprising (A) an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group containing hydrogen, methyl, or 2 to 18 carbon atoms, and optionally a heteroatom, in a quantity of approximately 0.01 to approximately 20.0% by weight, (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients in a quantity of approximately 1.0 to approximately 90.0% by weight, and (C) one or more additional ingredients in a quantity of approximately 1.0 to approximately 99.0% by weight.

[0132] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides an agricultural composition suitable for external use on animals or plants, comprising (A) a polymer as follows [Chemical formula] a reaction product of about 0.01 to about 20.0% by weight, where 1 < n < 30, R is ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-butyloctyl, 2-hexyldecyl, 2-octyldodecyl or a mixture thereof, and R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently hydrogen, methyl, or an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group containing from 2 to 18 carbon atoms and optionally containing heteroatoms, and R 4 is [Chemical formula] or a mixture thereof, a reaction product of about 0.01 to about 20.0% by weight, (B) about 1.0 to about 90.0% by weight of one or more agricultural active ingredients, and (C) about 1.0 to about 99.0% by weight of one or more additional ingredients, and provides an agricultural composition comprising a safe and effective amount.

[0133] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides an agricultural composition selected from the group consisting of adjuvant compositions, fertilizer compositions, nutritional compositions, plant fortifier compositions, seed coating compositions, soil conditioner compositions, livestock compositions, granule compositions, sustained release compositions, film coating compositions, rodenticides, insecticides, acaricides, algicides, molluscicides, mite repellents, bird repellents, fungicides, herbicide compositions, bactericide compositions, antibiotic compositions, antibacterial compositions, antiviral compositions, antifungal compositions, antiprotozoal compositions, anthelmintic compositions, wood preservative compositions, antimicrobial compositions or plant yield enhancing compositions.

[0134] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a seed coating composition comprising (A) a reaction product of about 0.01% to about 20.0% maleated natural oil, a base, and a functionalized or non-functionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties, and combinations thereof, (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients in about 1.0% to about 90.0%, and (C) one or more additional ingredients in about 1.0% to about 99.0%.

[0135] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a livestock composition comprising (A) a reaction product of maleated natural oil and a base in an amount of about 0.01% to about 20.0%, (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients in an amount of about 1.0% to about 90.0%, and (C) one or more additional ingredients in an amount of about 1.0% to about 99.0%.

[0136] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a granular composition comprising (A) about 0.01% to about 20.0% of a reaction product between maleated natural oil and a base, (B) about 1.0% to about 90.0% of one or more agricultural active ingredients, and (C) about 1.0% to about 99.0% of one or more additional ingredients.

[0137] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a sustained-release composition comprising (A) about 0.01% to about 20.0% of a reaction product between maleated natural oil and a base, (B) about 1.0% to about 90.0% of one or more agricultural active ingredients, and (C) about 1.0% to about 99.0% of one or more additional components.

[0138] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a film coating composition comprising (A) a reaction product of maleated natural oil and a base in an amount of about 0.01% to about 20.0%, (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients in an amount of about 1.0% to about 90.0%, and (C) one or more additional ingredients in an amount of about 1.0% to about 99.0%.

[0139] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a seed coating composition comprising (A) a reaction product of about 0.01% to about 20.0% maleated natural oil, a base, and a functionalized or non-functionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties, and combinations thereof, (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients in about 1.0% to about 90.0%, and (C) one or more additional ingredients in about 1.0% to about 99.0%.

[0140] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a livestock composition comprising (A) a reaction product of about 0.01% to about 20.0% maleated natural oil, a base, and a functionalized or non-functionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties, and combinations thereof, (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients in about 1.0% to about 90.0%, and (C) one or more additional ingredients in about 1.0% to about 99.0%.

[0141] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a granular composition comprising (A) a reaction product of about 0.01% to about 20.0% maleated natural oil, a base, and a functionalized or non-functionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties, and combinations thereof, (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients in about 1.0% to about 90.0%, and (C) one or more additional ingredients in about 1.0% to about 99.0%.

[0142] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a sustained-release composition comprising (A) a reaction product of about 0.01% to about 20.0% maleated natural oil, a base, and a functionalized or non-functionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties, and combinations thereof, (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients in about 1.0% to about 90.0%, and (C) one or more additional ingredients in about 1.0% to about 99.0%.

[0143] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a film coating composition comprising (A) a reaction product of about 0.01% to about 20.0% maleated natural oil, a base, and a functionalized or non-functionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties, and combinations thereof, (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients in about 1.0% to about 90.0%, and (C) one or more additional ingredients in about 1.0% to about 99.0%.

[0144] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention relates to (A) the following polymer [ka] The reaction product is approximately 0.01% to 20.0%, n is greater than 1, and R is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and alkaryl moieties containing approximately 1 to approximately 36 carbon atoms, 4 Q is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkylene, cycloalkylene, alkenylene, allylene, and alkalilene moieties containing approximately 2 to approximately 60 carbon atoms, and each Q is independently selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, 1 / 2Mg, 1 / 2Ca, 1 / 2Co, 1 / 2Cu, 1 / 2Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, and tetraalkylammonium, and the reaction product is approximately 0.01% to approximately 20.0%. (B) A seed coating composition comprising one or more agricultural active ingredients in an amount of approximately 1.0% to approximately 90.0%, and (C) one or more additional ingredients in an amount of approximately 1.0% to approximately 99.0%.

[0145] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention relates to (A) the following polymer [ka] The reaction product is approximately 0.01% to 20.0%, n is greater than 1, and R is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and alkaryl moieties containing approximately 1 to approximately 36 carbon atoms, 4 The present invention provides a livestock composition comprising (B) one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkylene, cycloalkylene, alkenylene, allylene, and alkalilene moieties containing approximately 2 to approximately 60 carbon atoms, where each Q is independently selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, 1 / 2Mg, 1 / 2Ca, 1 / 2Co, 1 / 2Cu, 1 / 2Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, and tetraalkylammonium, (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients in approximately 1.0% to approximately 90.0%, and (C) one or more additional ingredients in approximately 1.0% to approximately 99.0%.

[0146] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention relates to (A) the following polymer [ka] The reaction product is approximately 0.01% to 20.0%, n is greater than 1, and R is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and alkaryl moieties containing approximately 1 to approximately 36 carbon atoms, 4The present invention provides a granular composition comprising (B) one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkylene, cycloalkylene, alkenylene, allylene, and alkalilene moieties containing approximately 2 to approximately 60 carbon atoms, where each Q is independently selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, 1 / 2Mg, 1 / 2Ca, 1 / 2Co, 1 / 2Cu, 1 / 2Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, and tetraalkylammonium, comprising (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients in a proportion of approximately 1.0% to approximately 90.0%, and (C) one or more additional ingredients in a proportion of approximately 1.0% to approximately 99.0%.

[0147] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention relates to (A) the following polymer [ka] The reaction product is approximately 0.01% to 20.0%, n is greater than 1, and R is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and alkaryl moieties containing approximately 1 to approximately 36 carbon atoms, 4 The present invention provides a sustained-release composition comprising: (B) one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkylene, cycloalkylene, alkenylene, allylene, and alkalilene moieties containing approximately 2 to approximately 60 carbon atoms, where each Q is independently selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, 1 / 2Mg, 1 / 2Ca, 1 / 2Co, 1 / 2Cu, 1 / 2Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, and tetraalkylammonium, (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients in approximately 1.0% to approximately 90.0%, and (C) one or more additional ingredients in approximately 1.0% to approximately 99.0%.

[0148] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention relates to (A) the following polymer [ka] The reaction product is approximately 0.01% to 20.0%, n is greater than 1, and R is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and alkaryl moieties containing approximately 1 to approximately 36 carbon atoms, 4 The present invention provides a film coating composition comprising (B) one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkylene, cycloalkylene, alkenylene, allylene, and alkalilene moieties containing approximately 2 to approximately 60 carbon atoms, where each Q is independently selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, 1 / 2Mg, 1 / 2Ca, 1 / 2Co, 1 / 2Cu, 1 / 2Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, and tetraalkylammonium, comprising (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients in a concentration of approximately 1.0% to approximately 90.0%, and (C) one or more additional components in a concentration of approximately 1.0% to approximately 99.0%.

[0149] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention relates to (A) the following polymer [ka] The reaction product is approximately 0.01% to 20.0%, n is greater than 1, and R is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and alkaryl moieties containing approximately 1 to approximately 36 carbon atoms, 4The present invention provides a seed coating composition comprising (B) one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkylene, cycloalkylene, alkenylene, allylene, and alkalilene moieties containing approximately 2 to approximately 60 carbon atoms, where each Q is independently selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, 1 / 2Mg, 1 / 2Ca, 1 / 2Co, 1 / 2Cu, 1 / 2Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, and tetraalkylammonium, comprising (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients in a proportion of approximately 1.0% to approximately 90.0%, and (C) one or more additional ingredients in a proportion of approximately 1.0% to approximately 99.0%.

[0150] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention relates to (A) the following polymer [ka] The reaction product is approximately 0.01% to 20.0%, n is greater than 1, and R is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and alkaryl moieties containing approximately 1 to approximately 36 carbon atoms, 4 The present invention provides a livestock composition comprising (B) one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkylene, cycloalkylene, alkenylene, allylene, and alkalilene moieties containing approximately 2 to approximately 60 carbon atoms, where each Q is independently selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, 1 / 2Mg, 1 / 2Ca, 1 / 2Co, 1 / 2Cu, 1 / 2Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, and tetraalkylammonium, comprising (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients in a proportion of approximately 1.0% to approximately 90.0%, and (C) one or more additional ingredients in a proportion of approximately 1.0% to approximately 99.0%.

[0151] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention relates to (A) the following polymer [ka] The reaction product is approximately 0.01% to 20.0%, n is greater than 1, and R is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and alkaryl moieties containing approximately 1 to approximately 36 carbon atoms, 4 The present invention provides a granular composition comprising (B) one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkylene, cycloalkylene, alkenylene, allylene, and alkalilene moieties containing approximately 2 to approximately 60 carbon atoms, where each Q is independently selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, 1 / 2Mg, 1 / 2Ca, 1 / 2Co, 1 / 2Cu, 1 / 2Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, and tetraalkylammonium, comprising (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients in a proportion of approximately 1.0% to approximately 90.0%, and (C) one or more additional ingredients in a proportion of approximately 1.0% to approximately 99.0%.

[0152] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention relates to (A) the following polymer [ka] The reaction product is approximately 0.01% to 20.0%, n is greater than 1, and R is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and alkaryl moieties containing approximately 1 to approximately 36 carbon atoms, 4The present invention provides a sustained-release composition comprising (B) one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkylene, cycloalkylene, alkenylene, allylene, and alkalilene moieties containing approximately 2 to approximately 60 carbon atoms, where each Q is independently selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, 1 / 2Mg, 1 / 2Ca, 1 / 2Co, 1 / 2Cu, 1 / 2Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, and tetraalkylammonium, comprising (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients in a proportion of approximately 1.0% to approximately 90.0%, and (C) one or more additional components in a proportion of approximately 1.0% to approximately 99.0%.

[0153] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention relates to (A) the following polymer [ka] The reaction product is approximately 0.01% to 20.0%, n is greater than 1, and R is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and alkaryl moieties containing approximately 1 to approximately 36 carbon atoms, 4 The present invention provides a film coating composition comprising (B) one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkylene, cycloalkylene, alkenylene, allylene, and alkalilene moieties containing approximately 2 to approximately 60 carbon atoms, where each Q is independently selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, 1 / 2Mg, 1 / 2Ca, 1 / 2Co, 1 / 2Cu, 1 / 2Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, and tetraalkylammonium, comprising (B) one or more agricultural active ingredients in a concentration of approximately 1.0% to approximately 90.0%, and (C) one or more additional components in a concentration of approximately 1.0% to approximately 99.0%.

[0154] In other embodiments of this application, it is envisioned that at least one agricultural active ingredient selected from the group consisting of fertilizers, herbicides, ovicidal agents, fungicidal agents, and pesticides selected from the group consisting of rodenticides, acaricides, algicidal agents, mollusk repellents, mite repellents, bird repellents, insecticides, disinfectants, antibiotics, antibacterial agents, antiviral agents, antifungal agents, antiprotozoal agents, and anthelmintic agents, and antimicrobial compounds may be used.

[0155] According to other embodiments of this application, the pesticides intended for use in the present invention include fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematodeicides, mite repellents, and mollusk repellents.

[0156] The fertilizers envisioned in this application may include inorganic fertilizers, nitrogen fertilizers, potassium fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, organic fertilizers, compost, phosphate rock, bone meal, alfalfa, wood chips, langebaiite, cover crops, potassium sulfate, rock powder, ash, blood meal, fish meal, fish emulsion, algae, chitosan, and molasses.

[0157] Examples of herbicides envisioned in this application include phenoxycarboxylic acids (e.g., 2,4-D acids, MCPA), benzoic acids (e.g., dicanbaic acid), urea (e.g., diurone), sulfonylurea (e.g., methylsulfuron-methyl, limsulfurone), triazines (e.g., atrazine, simazine, ametrine), triazolinones (e.g., amiccarbazone), and pyridinecarboxylic acids (e.g., triclopyr).

[0158] Examples of fungicides intended for use in this application include triazoles (e.g., tebuconazole, tetraconazole, cyproconazole, epoxyconazole, diphenconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, mycrobutanil), strobilurins (e.g., trifloxystrobin, azoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, pyraclostrobin), alkylenbis (dithiocarbamate) compounds (e.g., mancozeb), and benzimidazoles (e.g., carbendazim).

[0159] Examples of insecticides intended for use in the present invention include neonicotinoids (e.g., thiamethoxam, clothianidin, thiacloprid, dinotefuran, acetamiprid, nitenpyram, imidacloprid), amidines (e.g., amitraz), organophosphates (e.g., chlorpyrifos), and pyrethroids (e.g., permethrin, bifenthrin, deltamethrin).

[0160] Suitable antimicrobial agents for the pesticide compositions according to the present invention include fungicides, antibiotics, antibacterial agents, antiviral agents, antifungal agents, antiprotozoal agents, and anthelmintics. The most commonly used bactericidal disinfectants are active chlorine (i.e., hypochlorite, chloramine, dichloroisocyanuric acid and trichloroisocyanuric acid, wet chlorine, chlorine dioxide, etc.), active oxygen (peroxides such as peracetic acid, potassium persulfate, sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, and urea perhydrate), iodine (iodopovidone (povidone-iodine, betadine), Lugol's solution, iodine tincture, iodized nonionic surfactants), high-concentration alcohol (mainly ethanol, 1-propanol also called n-propanol, 2-propanol also called isopropanol and mixtures thereof, as well as 2-phenoxyethanol and 1-,2-phenoxypropanol), phenolic substances (phenol (also called carbolic acid), etc.), cresol (liquid Examples include potassium soaps (combined with other substances to form "lysole"), halogenated (chlorinated, brominated) phenols (hexachlorophene, triclosan, trichlorophenol, tribromophenol, pentachlorophenol, dibromol and their salts), cationic surfactants such as quaternary ammonium cations (e.g., benzalkonium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide or chloride, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, benzethonium chloride, etc.), non-quaternary compounds (chlorhexidine, glucoprotamine, octenidine dihydrochloride, etc.), strong oxidizing agents such as ozone and permanganate solutions, and heavy metals and their salts such as colloidal silver, silver nitrate, mercury chloride, phenylmercury salts, copper sulfate, and copper oxide chloride. Heavy metals and their salts are the most toxic and environmentally harmful bactericidal agents, and their use is strictly restricted or prohibited. Furthermore, strong acids (such as phosphoric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, amidosulfonic acid, and toluenesulfonic acid) and alkalis (sodium, potassium, and calcium hydroxides) in appropriate concentrations are also used.

[0161] Suitable examples of plant growth regulators intended for use in the present invention include, but are not limited to, phosphonic acids (e.g., etephon), gibberellins, cytokinins (e.g., 6-benzylaminopurine), auxins (e.g., 1-naphthylacetic acid), triazoles, strobilurins, alkylenebis(dithiocarbamate) compounds, benzimidazoles, phenoxycarboxylic acids, benzoic acids, ureas, sulfonylureas, triazines, pyridinecarboxylic acids, neonicotinoids, amidines, organophosphorus acids, and pyrethroids.

[0162] According to other embodiments of this application, it is envisioned that at least one auxiliary agent selected from the group consisting of acidifying agents, buffering agents, defoaming agents, anti-foaming agents, evaporation inhibitors, dyes and fluorescent whitening agents, compatibility agents, crop oil concentrates, oily surfactants, depositing agents, anti-scattering agents, foam markers, feeding stimulants, herbicide safety agents, spreading agents, spreading agents, adhesives, suspending agents, gelling agents, synergistic agents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, dispersants, penetrating agents, tank and equipment cleaning agents, neutralizing agents, water absorbents, water softeners, and mixtures thereof may be used.

[0163] According to other embodiments of this application, it is envisioned that at least one component further selected from the group consisting of solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants, compatibilizers, bactericidal agents, antifreezes, crystallization inhibitors, colorants, adhesives, binders, preservatives, pH adjusters, clarifiers, stabilizers, UV stabilizers, and mixtures thereof may be used.

[0164] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the agricultural composition may contain an acidifying agent to enhance its effect. Suitable acidifying agents include organic and inorganic acids selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, phosphoric acid, polyphosphate, perchloric acid, and combinations thereof.

[0165] According to other embodiments of the present invention, the agricultural composition may include a buffering agent for reducing pH. The buffering agent may include mineral acids such as sulfuric acid, sulfonic acid, sulfite, nitric acid or nitrite, organic acids such as glutaric acid, gluconic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, acrylic acid, or a combination thereof.

[0166] According to other embodiments of the present invention, agricultural compositions may comprise effective transpiration-inhibiting compounds that reduce water loss. Transpiration-inhibiting compounds include sorbitol, mannitol, sucrose, silicone, polyethylene, vinyl chloride, paraffin, and turpentine (terpene resin).

[0167] According to another embodiment of the present invention, an agricultural composition comprises a suitable "compatibility agent" that facilitates the mixing of two or more components in a solution, thereby making two or more chemical substances that are not normally mixable available for use in a tank. Preferred compatibility agents are alkali metal acetates, alkaline earth metal acetates, and mixtures thereof.

[0168] According to other embodiments of the present invention, agricultural compositions may comprise a suitable crop oil concentrate (COC) for improved herbicidal effect, reduced volatility, decreased water solubility, reduced surface tension, and improved surface coverage and penetration. The crop oil concentrate (COC) may be an aromatic or paraffinic solvent, a fatty acid, one or more lower alkyl fatty acid esters, a polyoxyalkylene sulfate, a phosphate, or a carboxylate.

[0169] According to another embodiment of the present invention, an agricultural composition may utilize a drift suppressant as a soil or foliar penetrant, which can reduce drift or spray drift by increasing the particle size of spray droplets, and which is selected from the group consisting of at least one phospholipid, a plant colloid, a non-derived guar gum, a non-cationic derived guar gum, a cationic guar gum, polyethylene oxide, poly(vinylpyrrolidone), polyacrylamide, a nonionic emulsifier, a cationic emulsifier, and an anionic emulsifier.

[0170] According to another embodiment of the present invention, a “deposition agent” of an agricultural composition that enhances deposition helps prevent scattering from the target area during application and scattering after deposition onto plants or animals. Deposition agents include modified cellulose (e.g., carboxymethylcellulose), plant-derived materials (e.g., grain flour, ground plant material), natural minerals (talc, vermiculite, diatomaceous earth), natural clays (atapulgite, bentonite, kaolinite, montmorillonite), synthetic materials (laponite), and proteins (soy protein, potato protein, soy flour, potato flour, fish meal, bone meal, yeast extract, blood meal).

[0171] According to other embodiments of the present invention, herbicide safety agents maintain an acceptable effect on target species (e.g., weeds) while reducing or eliminating the phytotoxic effects of the active ingredient on non-target plant species (e.g., crops). Examples of herbicide safety agents include benoxacol, (RS)-4-dichloroacetyl-3,4-dihydro-3-methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazine, croquintosate, (5-chloroquinoline-8-yloxy)acetic acid, croquintosate mexyl, (RS)-1-methylhexyl(5-chloroquinoline-8-yloxy)acetic acid, siomethrinyl, (Z)-cyanomethoxyimino(phenyl)acetonitrile, cyprosulfamide, N-[4-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenylsulfate Honyl]-o-anisamide or N-[4-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)phenylsulfonyl]-2-methoxybenzamide, dichloramide, N,N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide, dicyclonone, (RS)-1-dichloroacetyl-3,3,8a-trimethylperhydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidine-6-one, dietolate, O,O-diethyl-O-phenylphosphorothioate, fenchlorazole, 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-trichloromethyl-1H -1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylic acid, fenchlorazole ethyl, ethyl 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-trichloromethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylate, fenchlorim, 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-trichloromethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylic acid, flurazole, benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate or benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl Methylthiazole-5-carboxylate, fluxofenim, 4'-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone (EZ)-O-1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyloxime, flirazole, (RS)-3-dichloroacetyl-5-(2-furyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine, isoxadifen, 4,5-dihydro-5,5-diphenyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxylic acid, isoxadifen ethyl, ethyl 4,5-dihydro-5,5-diphenyl-1,Examples include 2-oxazole-3-carboxylate, diekaowan, 2-(dichloromethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, diekaosi, N-allyl-N-(allylcarbamoylmethyl)-2,2-dichloroacetamide, mefenate, 4-chlorophenylmethylcarbamate, naphthalene anhydride, naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid anhydride, oxavethrinyl, (Z)-1,3-dioxolane-2-ylmethoxyimino(phenyl)acetonitrile, mefenyle, (RS)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-2-pyrazoline-3,5-dicarboxylic acid, mefenyle diethyl, diethyl (RS)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-2-pyrazoline-3,5-dicarboxylic acid ester, MG-191, 2-(dichloromethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, and combinations thereof. ,

[0172] According to other embodiments of this application, a suitable suspending agent is selected from the group consisting of attapulgite clay, fumed silica, and combinations thereof.

[0173] According to other embodiments of this application, adhesives used in agricultural compositions may include waxes such as carnauba wax, beeswax, Chinese wax, shellac wax, walrus oil wax, candelilla wax, castor wax, hollyhock wax, and rice bran wax; polysaccharides (e.g., starch, dextrin, maltodextrin, alginate, chitosan); fats; oils; proteins (e.g., gelatin, zein); gum arabic; and shellac. The adhesive may also be a non-natural compound, such as a polymer, copolymer, or wax. For example, non-limiting examples of polymers that can be used as adhesives include polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers, cellulose (e.g., ethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose), polyvinylpyrrolidone, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride copolymers, calcium ligninsulfonate, acrylic copolymers, polyvinyl acrylate, polyethylene oxide, acrylamide polymers and copolymers, polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, methylacrylamide monomer, and polychloroprene.

[0174] According to other embodiments of this application, the gelling agent may be selected from gelling clay or polysaccharide gum, bentonite clay, xanthan gum, guar gum, locust bean gum, algal oligosaccharides, and combinations thereof.

[0175] According to other embodiments of this application, suitable examples of water-absorbing agents include crosslinked polyacrylic acid polymers, hydrolyzed starch-acrylonitrile graft polymers, neutralized starch-acrylic acid graft polymers, saponified vinyl acetate-acrylic ester copolymers, crosslinked carboxymethylcellulose, hydrolyzed or crosslinked acrylonitrile copolymers or acrylamide copolymers, crosslinked cationic monomers, crosslinked isobutylene-maleic acid copolymers, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, and crosslinked polymers of acrylic acid.

[0176] According to other embodiments of this application, the water softener may be selected from sodium tripolyphosphate and tetrapotassium pyrophosphate.

[0177] According to other embodiments of this application, at least one solvent used in the agricultural composition exhibits desirable solubility for the agricultural composition. Furthermore, the solvent may include alkylnaphthalenes such as alkylbenzene, isophorone, cyclohexanone, and methylcyclohexanone, fatty acid methyl esters, aliphatic hydrocarbons, cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, fuel oil, isophorone, methyl ethyl ketone, N-methylpyrrolidone, butyl lactate, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetophenone, petroleum-derived toluene, xylene, chlorotoluene, benzene, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, naphthalene, ketone, chlorobenzene, trichloroethane, and other chlorinated hydrocarbons, as well as alcohols such as benzyl alcohol, furfuryl alcohol, butanol, and glycol ethers, and combinations thereof.

[0178] In other embodiments of this application, solid and liquid carriers may be used in the application when coating seeds with a modified maleated soybean composition or when dispersing an oil composition in a field. As solid carriers, diatomaceous earth, finely ground limestone, or sugars such as magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, sucrose, maltose, maltodextrin, and dextrose may be used. The carrier may also include gases or vapors such as steam, air, or inert gases such as diatomic nitrogen, which may be used to fluidize the solid composition. Other suitable carriers include solids such as talc, bentonite, clay, kaolin, white carbon, vermiculite, slaked lime, silica sand, ammonium sulfate, and urea, and liquid carriers such as methylnaphthalene, isopropyl alcohol, xylene, cyclohexanone, water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, dimethylformaldehyde, and ethylene glycol.

[0179] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the "filler" may be selected from the group comprising bentonite, subbentonite, attapulgite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, bauxite, hydrated alumina, calcined alumina, diatomaceous earth, chalk, Fuller's earth, dolomite, keessulgull, loess, prophyllite, talc, vermiculite, limestone, natural and synthetic silicates, silica, and kaolin clay.

[0180] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the term "surfactant" as used herein means a compound that reduces the surface tension of a liquid and facilitates its diffusion. Suitable auxiliary surfactants include, but are not limited to, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric, and polymeric surfactants.

[0181] Nonionic surfactants include alkoxylates, mainly ethoxylates, and nonionic surfactants, particularly aliphatic alcohol polyoxyethylene esters such as lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether acetate esters, for example alkyl polyoxyethylene ethers and alkyl polyoxypropylene ethers of linear aliphatic alcohols, alkylaryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers such as octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, alkoxylates of animal and / or vegetable oils and / or fats such as corn oil ethoxylate, castor oil ethoxylate, tallow fat ethoxylate, glycerol esters such as glycerol monostearate, aliphatic alcohol alkoxylates and oxo alcohol alkoxylates, oleyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, alkylphenol alkoxylates such as ethoxylated isooctylphenol, octylphenol or nonylphenol, tributylphenyl polyoxyethylene ether, fatty amine alkoxylates, fatty acid amide alkoxylates and fatty acid diethanolamide alkoxylates (especially their ethoxylates), carbohydrate surfactants, for example sorbitol esters such as sorbitan fatty acid esters (sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan tristearate), polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, alkyl polyglycosides, N-alkyl glucosamides, alkyl methyl sulfoxides, alkyl dimethylphosphine oxides such as tetradecyldimethylphosphine oxide.

[0182] Amphoteric surfactants include, for example, sulfobetaines, carboxybetaines, alkyl dimethylamine oxides such as tetradecyldimethylamine oxide.

[0183] Polymeric surfactants include, for example, (AB)-type, ABA-type, BAB-type diblock, triblock and multiblock polymers, such as end-capped ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block copolymers as required, such as ethylenediamine-EO / PO block copolymers, polystyrene block polyethylene oxide, AB comb polymers, such as polymethacrylate comb polyethylene oxide.

[0184] Other surfactants include perfluorinated surfactants, silicone surfactants such as polyether-modified siloxanes, phospholipids such as lecithin or chemically modified lecithin, amino acid surfactants such as N-lauroyl glutamic acid, and surfactant homopolymers and copolymers such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylate salts, polyvinyl alcohol, polypropylene oxide, polyethylene oxide, maleic anhydride / isobutene copolymers, vinyl pyrrolidone / vinyl acetate copolymers. Unless otherwise specified, the alkyl chains of the above surfactants are straight-chain or branched-chain and usually have 8 to 25 carbon atoms.

[0185] As used herein, the term “dispersant” refers to “a substance added to a suspension to improve the separation of particles and prevent sedimentation or aggregation.” Dispersants that may be used in agricultural compositions include polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, lignosulfonates, phenylnaphthalene sulfonates, ethoxylated alkylphenols, ethoxylated fatty acids, alkoxylated linear alcohols, polyaromatic sulfonates, sodium alkylaryl sulfonates, glycerol esters, maleic anhydride copolymers, phosphate esters, aryl sulfonic acid and formaldehyde condensates, alkylaryl sulfonic acid and formaldehyde condensates, ethylene oxide and fatty acid ester addition products, ethylene The following group may be selected: salts of addition products of oxides and fatty acid esters, sulfonates of condensed naphthalenes, addition products of ethylene oxide and fatty acid esters, salts of addition products of ethylene oxide and fatty acid esters, lignin derivatives, naphthaleneformaldehyde condensates, sodium salts of isodecyl sulfosuccinate half-esters, polycarboxylates, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonates, sodium salts of sulfonated naphthalenes, ammonium salts of sulfonated naphthalenes, polyacrylates, phenol sulfonates, and naphthalene sulfonates.

[0186] As used herein, the term “emulsifier” refers to a substance that stabilizes an emulsion, i.e., a mixture of two or more liquids. An emulsifier may be a single emulsifier or a combination of two or more emulsifiers, and may produce agricultural compositions. Emulsifiers may be anionic, cationic, or nonionic, and may include combinations of anionic, cationic, and nonionic emulsifiers.

[0187] Examples of nonionic emulsifiers include alkoxylated castor oil, alkoxylated polyarylphenols, alkoxylated alkylphenols, alkoxylated alkylarylphenols, alkoxylated aliphatic alcohols, and mixtures thereof. More specific examples include alkoxylated acetylenediol, polyoxyalkylene mono and di(alkyl)phenyl ethers, polyoxyalkylene and tristyrylphenyl ethers, block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and their C2-C6 alkyl adducts, sorbitan C8-C20 mono, di and tri(C8-C20 fatty acid) esters, polyoxyalkylene sorbitan mono, di and tri(C8-C20 fatty acid) esters, sucrose esters, and C8-C20 alkyl polyglycosides.

[0188] Examples of commercially available nonionic emulsifiers include the trade names POLYSORBATE 80 (also known as Tween 80; polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate) (HLB=15), Tween 20 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate), Tween 85 (also known as emulsifier T-85) (HLB=11.0), and TRITON X-100 (also known as octylphenol ethoxylate) (HLB=13.4).

[0189] Useful anionic emulsifiers include calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sulfated or phosphorylated alkoxylated aliphatic alcohols, sulfated or phosphorylated alkoxylated alkylarylphenols, and combinations thereof. More specific examples include alkyl carboxylates (including fatty acids), alcohol sulfates, alcohol phosphate monoesters and diesters, (alkyl)phenol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylates, sulfates and sulfonates, (alkyl)phenol polyoxyethylene phosphate monoesters and diesters, alkylbenzene sulfonates, naphthalene sulfonates and their formaldehyde condensates, lignosulfonates, alkyl sulfosuccinates and sulfosuccinate amides, alkyl polyoxyethylene sulfosuccinates and sulfosuccinate amides, C8-20 acyl glutamates, sarcosinates, isethionates, and taurates. The cationic counterion associated with the anionic emulsifier is preferably monovalent and may be, for example, hydrogen, sodium, potassium, ammonium, and monovalent organic ammonium cations (isopropylamine).

[0190] Examples of emulsifiers that exhibit cationic properties under acidic conditions include fatty amines, amine oxides, and amine ethoxylates. Amphoteric emulsifiers such as betaine may also exhibit these properties. Preferably, the cationic emulsifier is selected from dimethyl cocamine, dimethyl laurylamine oxide, alkyltrimethylammonium chloride, alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, alkylpyridinium chloride, alkylimidazolium chloride, or mixtures thereof.

[0191] Preferably, the nonionic emulsifier is an alkyl polysaccharide, a sorbate emulsifier, or an alkyl or aliphatic alkanolamide having an ethoxylate group. Alkyl polysaccharides may also be called alkyl polyglucosides, alkyl glucosides, or alkylsaccharides. The sorbate emulsifier is a sorbitan mono(or sesqui) ester of a fatty acid, and includes sorbitan monooleate and sorbitan monolaurate.

[0192] According to one embodiment, a wetting agent that can be used in an agricultural composition is selected from the group consisting of carbinol (hydroxyl)-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (CAS 67674-67-3), Silwet 408 type wetting agent, phenylnaphthalene sulfonate, alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt of sulfonated alkyl carboxylate, polyoxyalkylated ethylphenol, polyoxyethoxylated aliphatic alcohol, polyoxyethoxylated aliphatic amine, lignin derivative, alkane sulfonate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, polycarboxylate, sulfosuccinate ester, alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl polyglycol ether sulfonate, alkyl ether phosphate, alkyl ether sulfate, and alkyl sulfosuccinate monoester. Examples of wetting agents include polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonates, dioctyl sulfosuccinates, sodium alkylnaphthalene sulfonates, sodium alkyl sulfates, sodium alkyl sulfosuccinates, polyoxyethylene alkylaryl ethers, or Break-thru DA 675, which is an aqueous solution of an organically modified polymer having a pigment-binding group. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0193] Agricultural compositions may contain solubilizers to ensure good solubilization and / or dissolution of active ingredients such as fungicides and / or lipopeptides. Solubilizers may be added to increase the solubility of fungicides and / or lipopeptides and / or other components (e.g., surfactants), or to maintain the composition as a stable or homogeneous solution or dispersion.

[0194] Examples of solubilizers suitable for agricultural compositions include alcohols and polyols, such as ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, benzyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butanediol and its isomers, glycerol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, mannitol, transcutol, dimethyl isosorbide, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and other cellulose derivatives, cyclodextrins and cyclodextrin derivatives, polyethylene glycol ethers with an average molecular weight of about 200 to about 6000, such as tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol PEG ether (glycoflor) or methoxyPEG, 2-pyrrolidone, 2-piperidone, ε-caprolactam, and N-alkylpyrrolidone. Examples of other known solubilizers include, but are not limited to, amides and other nitrogen-containing compounds such as N-hydroxyalkylpyrrolidone, N-alkylpiperidone, N-alkylcaprolactam, dimethylacetamide, and polyvinylpyrrolidone; esters such as ethyl propionate, tributylcitric acid, acetyltriethylcitric acid, acetyltributylcitric acid, triethylcitric acid, ethyl oleate, ethyl caprylate, ethyl butyrate, triacetin, propylene glycol monoacetate, propylene glycol diacetate, ε-caprolactone and its isomers, δ-valerolactone and its isomers, and β-butyrolactone and its isomers; and dimethylacetamide, dimethylisosorbide, N-methylpyrrolidone, monooctanoin, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and water.

[0195] The solubilizer used in the present invention may be any substance that enhances the solubility of the agricultural composition in water. Preferred solubilizers include benzyl acetate, N-methylpyrrolidone, propylene carbonate, benzyl alcohol, alcohols such as ethanol and methanol, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, sorbitol, triacetin, ethyl alcohol, PEG-400, glycoflore, and propylene glycol are used as solubilizers.

[0196] As used herein, "penetration enhancer" refers to a compound that accelerates the rate at which active ingredients are taken up into the plant body through the plant cuticle, i.e., the rate of absorption, and / or increases the amount of active ingredients absorbed into the plant body. Substances known as penetration enhancers include alkyl phosphate esters such as tributyl phosphate and tripropyl phosphate, and naphthalene sulfonates.

[0197] Suitable examples of adhesives / fixatives include block copolymer EO / PO surfactants, as well as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polybutene, polyisobutylene, polystyrene, polyethyleneamine, polyethyleneamide, polyethyleneimine (Lupasol®, Polymin®), polyethers, and copolymers derived from these polymers.

[0198] Thickeners are a type of auxiliary rheological agent that plays a crucial role in the hierarchical control of rheological properties, improving the viscosity of a system and maintaining it in a stable suspension or uniform emulsion state. They can also form gels, enhancing the physical and chemical stability of the product. There are many types of thickeners, classified according to their application, including aqueous thickeners, oily thickeners, acidic thickeners, and alkaline thickeners. When selecting these thickeners, it is necessary to consider the product's characteristics, such as fluidity, transparency, density, gelling ability, and suspension particle capacity. Examples of thickeners / stabilizers include natural polymers (carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), guar gum, locust bean gum, xanthan gum, natural gum, hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), HPMC), acrylate-based synthetic polymers, polyacrylamide (PAM), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), or combinations of synthetic polymers and carbomers.

[0199] Examples of thickeners include organic thickeners such as xanthan gum, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, methylcellulose, and alginic acid, as well as inorganic thickeners such as bentonite. If necessary, thickeners such as Aqualon may also be added. Aqualon is a trademark of Hercules Inc. of Wilmington, Delaware, USA, and is a cellulose ether-based adhesive thickener. Other thickeners include hydroxyethylcellulose and carboxymethylpropylcellulose.

[0200] According to another embodiment of the present invention, the humectant absorbs moisture during periods of high humidity, and the moisture retained by the humectant is extracted by the strong osmotic action of root hairs during dry, hot periods (e.g., a hot, dry day). Humectants that have been found to have significant advantages in improving water absorption by plant roots include sorbitol, glycerol, molasses, potassium lactate, sodium lactate, and potassium acetate.

[0201] According to other embodiments of the present invention, repellents are known to cause insects to move away from or reject food sources (which would otherwise be ingestible to insects). Repellents may exist in the form of a gas (olfactory), a liquid, or a solid (gustatory). Insect repellents include benzyl, benzyl benzoate, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofurfural (MGK Repellent 11), butoxypolypropylene glycol, N-butylacetanilide, n-butyl-6,6-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-pyrone-2-carboxylate (Indalone), dibutyl adipate, dibutyl phthalate, dinormal butyl succinate (Tabatrex), N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (Delphone, Detamide, Autan, or simply Deet), dimethylcarboxylate (cis-bicyclo[2.2.1]-5-heptene-2,3-dicarboxylate), dimethyl phthalate, 2-ethyl-2-butyl-1,3-propanediol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol (Rutgers 612), and dinormal propyl isocinecomelonate (MGK Repellent 11). 326) These include 2-phenylcyclohexanol and n-propyl N,N-diethyl succinate. Standard repellents for mosquitoes, ticks, etc. include citronella oil, dimethyl phthalate, n-butyl mesityl oxide oxalate, and 2-ethylhexanediol-1,3. Certain insect repellents include terpenoid compounds, and terpenoid alcohols or terpenols are terpenoids having at least one hydroxyl group. Examples of terpenols include periryl alcohol, carveol, myrtenol, cis-verbenol, myrtanol, isopinocampheol, dihydrocarbeol, isopulegol, terpineol, terpinen-4-ol, nerol, geraniol, linalool, menthol, β-citronellol, and dihydromyrcenool.

[0202] Agricultural compositions may further contain feeding stimulants or attractants. These may include floral scents, light, pheromones, plant extracts, sugars, honey, molasses, proteins, or combinations of various amounts of amino acids, or other attractants adaptable to multiple insect species, which attract insects to ingest or be exposed to the active ingredient. Food substances may include plant extracts, sugars, honey, molasses, proteins, or combinations of various amounts of amino acids, or other liquids or materials that can be ingested by multiple insect species.

[0203] Agricultural compositions may contain feeding stimulants (also called taste stimulants) for the insects to be controlled, 1-arylpyrazoles and / or nicotinyl insecticides. Suitable feeding stimulants include proteins, e.g., animal proteins and plant proteins, e.g., meat meal, fish meal, fish extracts, seafood, seafood extracts, blood meal, insect body parts, cricket meal, yeast extracts, egg yolk, protein hydrolysates, yeast autolyzes, gluten hydrolysates, etc., carbohydrates and hydrogenated carbohydrates, especially monosaccharides and disaccharides, e.g., glucose, arabinose, fructose, mannose, sucrose, lactose, galactose, maltose, maltotriose, maltotetraose, maltopentaose, or those such as molasses, corn syrup, maple syrup, invert sugar, honey, etc. Examples include mixtures of starches such as potato starch and corn starch, polysaccharides such as pectin containing grain flours such as wheat flour, corn flour, malt flour, rice flour, and rice bran, hydrogenated monosaccharides and oligosaccharides such as glycerol, sugar alcohols, xylitol, sorbitol, mannitol, isomaltose, trehalose, maltitol, and maltitol-containing syrup, vegetable oils such as corn oil, olive oil, caraway oil, flaxseed oil, canola oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, and animal-derived fats and oils such as fish oil, as well as fatty acids derived from fats and oils.

[0204] A suitable compatibilizer may be either a non-reactive or reactive compatibilizer. Specific examples of reactive compatibilizers include, but are not limited to, long-chain fatty acids such as stearic acid (octadecanoic acid), long-chain fatty acid chlorides such as stearoyl chloride (octadecanoyl chloride), long-chain fatty acid anhydrides such as stearic acid anhydride (octadecanoic acid anhydride), epoxidized oils and fatty acid esters, styrene-maleic acid anhydride copolymers, maleic acid anhydride-grafted polypropylene, copolymers of maleic acid anhydride with olefins and / or acrylic esters (e.g., terpolymers of ethylene, acrylic esters, and maleic acid anhydride), and copolymers of glycidyl methacrylate with acrylic esters such as terpolymers of olefins and / or ethylene, acrylic esters, and glycidyl methacrylate.

[0205] Examples of non-reactive compatibilizers include, but are not limited to, ethoxylated alcohols, ethoxylated alkylphenols, ethoxylated fatty acids, block polymers of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide, polyglycerol esters, polysaccharide esters, and sorbitan esters. Examples of ethoxylated alcohols include C11-C15 secondary alcohol ethoxylates, polyoxyethylene cetyl ethers, polyoxyethylene stearyl ethers, and C12-C14 natural linear alcohols ethoxylated with ethylene oxide. C11-C15 secondary ethoxylates are available from Dow Chemical Company as Dow Tergitol® 15S. Polyoxyethylene cetyl ethers and polyoxyethylene stearyl ethers are available from ICI Surfactants as the Brij® series. Ethylene oxide ethoxylates of C12-C14 natural linear alcohols are available from Hoechst Celanese as the Genapol® series. Examples of ethoxylated alkylphenols include octylphenoxypoly(ethyleneoxy)ethanol and nonylphenoxypoly(ethyleneoxy)ethanol. Octylphenoxypoly(ethyleneoxy)ethanol is available as Rhodia's Igepal® CA series, and nonylphenoxypoly(ethyleneoxy)ethanol is available as Rhodia's Igepal CO series or Dow Chemical Company's Tergitol® NP. Ethoxylated fatty acids include polyethylene glycol monostearate or monolaurate, available as Henkel's Nopalcol® series. Block polymers of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide are available as BASF's Pluronic® series. Polyglycerol esters are available as Stepan's Drewpol® series. Polysaccharide esters are available as Henkel's Glucopon® series (alkyl polyglucosides).Sorbitan esters are available as ICI's Tween® series.

[0206] Fungicides or bactericides include organic sulfur-based fungicides or bactericides such as zineb, maneb, thiram, mancozeb, polycarbamate, propineb, etc.; benzimidazole-based fungicides or bactericides such as benomyl, thiophanate-methyl, etc.; dicarboxylic acid-based fungicides or bactericides such as iprodione, procymidone, etc.; triazine, iminoctadine triacetate, isoprothiolane, TPN, probenazole, captan, fluoroimide, DPC, iminoctadine albesilate and other synthetic fungicides or bactericides; sterol biosynthesis inhibitors such as triflumizole, bitertanol, pyrifenox, fenarimol, trifolin, triadimefon, microbutanyl, difenoconazole, imibenconazole; acid amide-based fungicides or bactericides such as metalaxyl, mepronil; copper-based fungicides or bactericides such as inorganic copper agents, organic copper agents; antibiotic-based fungicides or bactericides such as streptomycin, polyoxin, blasticidin S, kasugamycin, validamycin, oxytetracycline; soil fungicides or bactericides such as etridiazole, hymexazol; melamine biosynthesis inhibitors such as phthalide, carpropamid; organophosphorus-based fungicides or bactericides such as IBP, EDDP, fosetyl; inorganic pesticides such as inorganic sulfur agents, bicarbonate agents; methoxyacrylate-based fungicides or bactericides such as azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl; anilinopyrimidine-based fungicides or bactericides such as mepanipyrim; synthetic antibiotics such as oxolinic acid; natural-derived fungicides or bactericides such as soy lecithin; and bio-derived bactericides such as antagonistic bactericides.

[0207] In at least one embodiment, the agricultural composition described herein may comprise one or more antifreezing agents. Non-limiting examples of antifreezing agents include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea, glycerin, and combinations thereof.

[0208] Suitable solvent crystallization inhibitors include, but are not limited to, NMP, DMA, DMSO, or PEG. Examples of crystallization inhibitors include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, cyclodextrin, and alkylene oxide adducts of glycerin.

[0209] Defoaming agents and foam inhibitors are used to reduce foaming during application. These include silicone-based defoaming agents, organically modified siloxanes, kerosene-based defoaming agents, wax-based defoaming agents, and oily defoaming agents such as turkey red oil and fatty acid-based defoaming agents.

[0210] Suitable foam inhibitors include, but are not limited to, silicone-based foam inhibitors (e.g., aqueous emulsions of dimethylpolysiloxane, Dow-Corning®'s FG-10, and Trans-Chemo Inc.'s Trans 10A) and non-silicone-based foam inhibitors such as octanol, nonanol, and silica. Examples of foam inhibitors may include silicone emulsions, silicone oils, acetylenediol, and PO / EO block polymers.

[0211] Examples of suitable colorants or dyes and fluorescent whitening agents include azo dyes, azo pigments, acridine, aniline dyes, aniline black, indanthrene, eosin, Congo red, dihydroindole, methylene blue, phenazine derivative dyes, neutral red, phenolphthalein, fuchsin, fluorescein, para red, mauve, carotenes, carotenoids (xanthophyll, cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, fucoxanthin, lycopene, lutein), flavonoids (flavones, flavanones, anthococci, anthocyanins, catechins), quinones (melanin), porphyrin pigments (chlorophyll, chlorophyllide, bacteriochlorophyll, cytochrome, pheophorbide, pheoporphyrin, hemerisrin, hemoglobin, hemovanadin, hemocyrin Examples include anine, porphyrin, porfin, myoglobin, phycobilin pigments (phycocyanin, phycobilin, phycoerythrin, phytochrome, biliverdin, bilirubin), alizarin, anthocyanins, anthraquinones, indigo, urobilin, erythrocruorin, carthamine, hexanecretintin, curcumin, crocetin, chlorine, chlorocruorin, genistein, cochineal, gosipor, comilinin, shikonin, stercopirin, tannin, tulacin, bixin, hypericin, pinnaglobin, brazilin, purpurin, betacyanin, berberine, forbilin, mangosteen, moringin, laminaran, leghemoglobin, litmus, rhodopsin, rhodoxanthine, rhodomycin, carbon black, and red iron oxide.

[0212] Suitable examples of various tackifiers include, but are not limited to, aliphatic resins, polyethylene resins, hydrogenated resins, aliphatic-aromatic mixed resins, styrene / α-methylenestyrene resins, pure monomer-based hydrocarbon resins, hydrogenated pure monomer-based hydrocarbon resins, and modified styrene copolymers.

[0213] Examples of suitable binders include gum arabic, glue, gelatin, casein, starch, cellulose esters, aliphatic polyesters, polyalkanoates, aliphatic-aromatic polyesters, sulfonated aliphatic-aromatic polyesters, polyesteramides, rosin / polycaprolactone ternary block copolymers, rosin / polyadipate secondary ester ternary block copolymers, rosin / polysuccinate secondary ester ternary block copolymers, polyvinyl acetate, EVA esters, polyethylene-co-acrylate ethyl ester, polyethylene-co-acrylate methyl ester, polyethylene-copropylene, polyethylene-co-1-butylene, polyethylene-co-1-amylene, polystyrene, acrylic compounds, polyurethanes, urethane-styrene polymer dispersions, nonionic polyester urethane dispersions, acrylic acid dispersions, and silanized (silanated) anionic acrylic compounds. Examples include lyl ester-styrene polymer dispersions, anionic acrylic ester-styrene-acrylonitrile dispersions, acrylic ester-acrylonitrile dispersions, vinylpyrrolidone / styrene copolymer latex (e.g., ISP Chemical 430), carboxylated and non-carboxylated vinyl acetate-ethylene dispersions, vinyl acetate homopolymer dispersions, polyvinyl chloride emulsions, polyvinylidene fluoride dispersions, ethylene acrylic dispersions, polyamide dispersions, anionic carboxylated or non-carboxylated acrylonitrile-nitrile butadiene styrene emulsions and acrylonitrile emulsions, styrene-derived resin dispersions, aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbon-derived resin dispersions, styrene maleic anhydride, and mixtures thereof.

[0214] According to one embodiment, the binder used in the agricultural composition is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, phenylnaphthalene sulfonate, lignin derivative, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyalkylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, xanthan gum, polyethoxylated fatty acid, polyethoxylated aliphatic alcohol, ethylene oxide copolymer, propylene oxide copolymer, polyethylene glycol, and polyethylene oxide.

[0215] According to one embodiment, the preservative is not limited to an aqueous solution of 1,2-bendisothiazolin-3-one dipropylene glycol, propionic acid and its salts, salicylic acid and its salts, 2,4-hexadienoic acid (sorbic acid) and its salts, formaldehyde and paraformaldehyde, 2-xynol ether and its salts, 2-zinc sulfphenylpyridine N-oxide, benzoic acid, its esters and salts, p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-hydroxybenzoic acid ester), its esters and salts.

[0216] The pH adjusters used in this application are effective in imparting an alkaline pH of about 7 to about 10 in the final spray solution applied to plants. The pH adjusters may be organic and / or inorganic. Examples of pH adjusters include triethanolamine, primary amino alcohols, ammonium hydroxides, and mixtures thereof.

[0217] Examples of suitable stabilizers include, but are not limited to, agar, alginic acid, alginates, calcium lactate, carrageenan, gellan gum, and guar gum. The compositions of the present invention may contain two or more different stabilizers.

[0218] In some embodiments, a suitable range for agricultural compositions having polymer reaction products is a weight-average molecular weight of about 3,000 daltons to about 20,000 daltons and a weight-average degree of polymerization n of about 3 to about 20.

[0219] In some embodiments, a suitable range for agricultural compositions having polymer reaction products is a viscosity of approximately 100 to 10,000 cps, as measured by a Brookfield viscometer at 25°C.

[0220] However, those skilled in the art will understand that it is possible to utilize other agricultural components known to them without departing from the scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0221] In some embodiments, the appropriate range of agricultural composition (A) according to this application may vary, based on the total weight of the agricultural composition, from about 0.01% by weight to about 1.0% by weight, from about 1% by weight to about 2.5% by weight, from about 2.5% by weight to about 5% by weight, from about 5% by weight to about 10% by weight, from about 10% by weight to about 15% by weight, or from about 15% by weight to about 20% by weight.

[0222] In some embodiments, a suitable range of the agricultural active ingredient (B) relating to this application is, based on the total weight of the agricultural composition, about 1% to about 2.5% by weight, about 2.5% to about 5% by weight, about 5% to about 10% by weight, about 10% to about 15% by weight, about 15% to about 20% by weight, about 20% to about 25% by weight, about 25% to about 30% by weight, and about 30% to about 35% by weight. It can vary by %, approximately 35% to 40%, 40% to 45%, 45% to 50%, 50% to 55%, 55% to 60%, 60% to 65%, 65% to 70%, 70% to 75%, 75% to 80%, 80% to 85%, and 85% to 90%.

[0223] In some embodiments, a suitable range of the additional component (C) relating to this application is, based on the total weight of the agricultural composition, about 1% to about 2.5% by weight, about 2.5% to about 5% by weight, about 5% to about 10% by weight, about 10% to about 15% by weight, about 15% to about 20% by weight, about 20% to about 25% by weight, about 25% to about 30% by weight, about 30% to about 35% by weight, about 35% to about 40% by weight, and about 4 It can vary from 0% to approximately 45% by weight, approximately 45% to approximately 50% by weight, approximately 50% to approximately 55% by weight, approximately 55% to approximately 60% by weight, approximately 60% to approximately 65% ​​by weight, approximately 65% ​​to approximately 70% by weight, approximately 70% to approximately 75% by weight, approximately 75% to approximately 80% by weight, approximately 80% to approximately 85% by weight, approximately 85% to approximately 90% by weight, approximately 90% to approximately 95% by weight, or approximately 95% to approximately 99.9% by weight.

[0224] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides agricultural compositions in the form of aqueous or non-aqueous compositions selected from the group consisting of capsule suspensions, emulsifiable concentrates, seed treatment emulsions, concentrated aqueous emulsions, microemulsions, suspend emulsions, water-in-oil emulsions, flow-bubble concentrates for seed treatment, oil dispersions, suspension concentrates, water-dispersible granules, or hydrated powders.

[0225] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a vegetation treatment method comprising applying an agricultural composition to plants, plant leaves, flowers, leaves, stems, fruits, adjacent areas of plants, soil, seeds, germinated seeds, roots, liquid and solid growing media, flowers, buds, and hydroponic solutions.

[0226] In one non-limiting embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating animals, which includes topically applying an agricultural composition to a part of the animal's skin.

[0227] The reactions and compositions relating to this application can be analyzed by known techniques. Particularly preferred are 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography (GC), infrared spectroscopy (IR), liquid chromatography (LC), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), which are used to analyze identification, residual monomer concentration, molecular weight, and molecular weight distribution.

[0228] Furthermore, specific embodiments of this application are described in detail by the following embodiments. These embodiments are provided for illustrative purposes of this application and are not intended to be limiting. [Examples]

[0229] Example A: Grafting of maleic anhydride into natural oil

[0230] Example A1: Grafting of maleic anhydride into soybean oil

[0231] 600 g of soybean oil and 204 g of maleic anhydride (3 molar equivalents relative to the soybean oil) were placed in a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen spurge adapter, and mechanical stirrer. The mixture was nitrogen-spurged at room temperature for 15 minutes. The mixture was gradually heated from room temperature to 210°C and held at 210°C for 6–8 hours. Completion of the reaction was indicated by less than 0.05% residual maleic anhydride by NMR and LC. [ka]

[0232] Example A2: Grafting of maleic anhydride into palm oil

[0233] 100 g of palm oil and 23 g of maleic anhydride (2 molar equivalents relative to palm oil) were placed in a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen spurge adapter, and mechanical stirrer. The mixture was nitrogen-spurged at room temperature for only 15 minutes. The mixture was gradually heated from room temperature to 210°C and maintained isothermally at 210°C for approximately 8-10 hours. A one-pot reaction without catalyst or solvent yielded an amber-colored viscous product with over 96% purity, and NMR and LC revealed that the residual maleic anhydride content was less than 1%.

[0234] Example A3: Grafting of maleic anhydride into canola oil

[0235] 100 g of canola oil and 22.2 g of maleic anhydride (2 molar equivalents relative to the canola oil) were placed in a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen spurge adapter, and mechanical stirrer. The mixture was nitrogen-spurged at room temperature for only 15 minutes. The mixture was gradually heated from room temperature to 210°C and maintained isothermally at 210°C for approximately 8-10 hours. A one-pot reaction without catalyst or solvent yielded an amber-colored viscous product with over 96% viscosity, and NMR and LC revealed that the residual maleic anhydride content was less than 1%.

[0236] Example A4: Grafting of maleic anhydride into sunflower oil

[0237] 100 g of sunflower oil and 22.4 g of maleic anhydride (2 molar equivalents relative to the sunflower oil) were placed in a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen spurge adapter, and mechanical stirrer. The mixture was nitrogen-spurged at room temperature for only 15 minutes. The mixture was gradually heated from room temperature to 210°C and maintained isothermally at 210°C for approximately 8-10 hours. A one-pot reaction without catalyst or solvent yielded an amber-colored viscous product with over 96% purity, and NMR and LC revealed that the residual maleic anhydride content was less than 1%.

[0238] Example A5: Grafting of maleic anhydride into castor oil

[0239] 100 g of yellow castor oil and 21 g of maleic anhydride (2 molar equivalents relative to the castor oil) were placed in a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen spurge adapter, and mechanical stirrer. The mixture was nitrogen-spurged at room temperature for only 15 minutes. The mixture was gradually heated from room temperature to 210°C and maintained isothermally at 210°C for approximately 8-10 hours. A one-pot reaction without catalyst or solvent yielded an amber-colored viscous product with over 96% purity, and NMR and LC revealed that the residual maleic anhydride content was less than 1%.

[0240] Example B: Salt of maleated natural oil

[0241] Example B1: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil from aqueous sodium hydroxide solution In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 100 g of the amber-colored viscous product obtained from maleination reaction A1 was heated to 90°C. Then, a mixture of 20.20 g (3 molar equivalents) of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and 70 g (46 molar equivalents) of water was added over 1 hour while controlling foaming, and the mixture was held for 3 hours. The reaction yielded an amber-colored, 70% active, water-soluble product with over 96% fluidity, and IR, NMR, and LC revealed that the residual maleic anhydride content was less than 0.05%. [ka]

[0242] Example B2: Sodium salt of maleated palm oil from aqueous sodium hydroxide solution In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 123 g of the amber-colored viscous product obtained from maleination reaction A2 was heated to 90°C. Then, a mixture of 18.04 g (2 molar equivalents) of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and 45 g (22 molar equivalents) of water was added over 1 hour while controlling foaming, and the mixture was held for 3 hours. The reaction yielded an amber-colored, 70% active, water-soluble product with over 96% fluidity, and IR, NMR, and LC revealed that the residual maleic anhydride content was less than 0.05%.

[0243] Example B3: Sodium salt of maleated canola oil from aqueous sodium hydroxide solution

[0244] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 123 g of the amber-colored viscous product obtained from maleination reaction A3 was heated to 90°C. Then, a mixture of 18.25 g (2 molar equivalents) of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and 45 g (22 molar equivalents) of water was added over 1 hour while controlling foaming, and the mixture was held for 3 hours. The reaction yielded an amber-colored, 70% active, water-soluble product with over 96% fluidity, and IR, NMR, and LC revealed that the residual maleic anhydride content was less than 0.05%.

[0245] Example B4: Sodium salt of maleated sunflower oil from aqueous sodium hydroxide solution

[0246] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 123 g of the amber-colored viscous product obtained from maleination reaction A4 was heated to 90°C. Then, a mixture of 18.26 g (2 molar equivalents) of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and 45 g (22 molar equivalents) of water was added over 1 hour while controlling foaming, and the mixture was held for 3 hours. The reaction yielded an amber-colored, 70% active, water-soluble product with over 96% fluidity, and IR, NMR, and LC revealed that the residual maleic anhydride content was less than 0.05%.

[0247] Example B5: Sodium salt of maleated castor oil from aqueous sodium hydroxide solution

[0248] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 123 g of the amber-colored viscous product obtained from maleination reaction A5 was heated to 90°C. Then, a mixture of 17.15 g (2 molar equivalents) of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and 45 g (23 molar equivalents) of water was added over 1 hour while controlling foaming, and the mixture was held for 3 hours. The reaction yielded an amber-colored, 70% active, water-soluble product with over 96% fluidity, and IR, NMR, and LC revealed that the residual maleic anhydride content was less than 0.05%.

[0249] Example B6: Free acid of maleated soybean oil

[0250] In a 500 mL four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 100 g of the amber-colored viscous product obtained from maleination reaction A1 was heated to 70°C. 140 g of water was added, and the mixture was heated to 90°C and held at 90°C for 6 hours. Complete hydrolysis of the anhydride group was confirmed by IR analysis of the milky white suspension. The water was removed by distillation, and the diacid intermediate was obtained as a viscous amber-colored substance (over 97% solids).

[0251] Example B7: Ammonium salt of maleated soybean oil

[0252] In a 500 mL four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 60 g of maleated soybean oil free acid obtained in Example B6 was heated to 70°C, and then 200 g of water was added. The white dispersion was cooled to 50°C, and 22.4 g (3.5 molar equivalents) of 28-30% ammonium aqueous solution was added over 30 minutes to reach pH 8.6. The product was a homogeneous, transparent yellow water-soluble product (20-25% solids) and was characterized by IR, NMR, and LC (less than 0.05% residual maleic anhydride).

[0253] Example B8: 3-aminopropanol salt of maleinated soybean oil (1.0 equivalent)

[0254] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 100 g of maleized soybean oil obtained in Example A1 and 100 g of water were heated at 90°C for 6 hours. After confirming hydrolysis by IR, the yellow two-phase mixture was cooled to 25°C, and 6.57 g of 3-amino-1-propanol (1.0 molar equivalent relative to soybean oil) was added over 30-60 minutes, maintaining the internal temperature below 50°C. The mixture was held at room temperature for 2 hours. The amber-colored, transparent to cloudy product was characterized by NMR and IR. The pH was 4.5.

[0255] Example B9: 3-aminopropanol salt of maleinated soybean oil (1.3 equivalents)

[0256] The reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example B8, except that 8.54 g of 3-amino-1-propanol (1.3 molar equivalents relative to soybean oil) was used. The amber-colored, transparent to cloudy product was characterized by NMR and IR.

[0257] Example B10: 3-aminopropanol salt of maleinated soybean oil (2.0 equivalents)

[0258] The reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example B8, except that 13.1 g of 3-amino-1-propanol (2.0 molar equivalents relative to soybean oil) was used. The amber-colored, transparent to cloudy product was characterized by NMR and IR.

[0259] Example B11: 3-aminopropanol salt of maleinated soybean oil (3.0 equivalents)

[0260] The reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example B8, except that 19.7 g of 3-amino-1-propanol (3.0 molar equivalents relative to soybean oil) was used. The amber-colored, transparent to cloudy product was characterized by NMR and IR.

[0261] Example B12: 3-aminopropanol salt of maleinated soybean oil (4.0 equivalents)

[0262] The reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example B8, except that 26.3 g of 3-amino-1-propanol (4.0 molar equivalents relative to soybean oil) was used. The amber-colored, transparent to cloudy product was characterized by NMR and IR.

[0263] Example B13: 3-aminopropanol salt of maleinated soybean oil (5.0 equivalents)

[0264] The reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example B8, except that 32.9 g of 3-amino-1-propanol (5.0 molar equivalents relative to soybean oil) was used. The amber-colored, transparent to cloudy product was characterized by NMR and IR. The pH was 8.0.

[0265] Example B14: 3-aminopropanol salt of maleized soybean oil with 50% solid content in ethanol

[0266] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 200 g of maleized soybean oil obtained in Example A1 and 200 g of water were heated at 90°C and held for 6 hours. Complete hydrolysis of the anhydride groups in the yellow two-phase mixture was confirmed by NMR and IR. After removing the water by distillation, the concentrated amber residue was dissolved in 200 g of ethanol at 50-60°C, and heating was stopped. At 50°C, 65.4 g of 3-amino-1-propanol (5 molar equivalents relative to the soybean oil) was added over 1 hour, maintaining the internal temperature below 50°C. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and held at room temperature for 2 hours. The amber-colored jelly-like product had a solid content of 50% and was characterized by NMR and IR.

[0267] Example B15: 30% solids in ethanol, 3-aminopropanol salt of maleated soybean oil

[0268] The procedure was carried out in the same manner as in Example B14, except that 400 g of ethanol was used to dissolve the amber-colored residue after removing water by distillation.

[0269] Example C1: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil from sodium carbonate

[0270] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 100 g of the amber-colored viscous product obtained from maleination reaction A1 was heated to 90°C. Then, a mixture of 27.86 g (3 molar equivalents) of sodium carbonate dissolved in 85 g (55 molar equivalents) of water was added over 3 hours while controlling foaming. The reaction was maintained at 90°C for 3 hours. The reaction yielded a pale yellow, 56% active, water-soluble product with over 50% fluidity, which was characterized by IR and LC (less than 0.05% residual maleic anhydride). [ka]

[0271] Experimental Example D: Sodium calcium salt of maleated natural oil

[0272] Experimental Example D1: Sodium calcium salt of maleated soybean oil obtained from calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate (ratio 7:3)

[0273] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 100 g of the amber-colored viscous product obtained from maleination reaction A1 was heated to 90°C. A mixture of 8.36 g (0.9 molar equivalents) of sodium carbonate and 17.8 g (2.1 molar equivalents) of calcium carbonate dissolved in 85 g (55 molar equivalents) of water was added over 3 hours while controlling for foaming. The reaction was maintained at 90°C for 3 hours. The reaction yielded a fluid, pale yellow, water-soluble product with 60% active ingredient in a yield of over 90%, which was characterized by IR and LC (less than 0.05% residual maleic anhydride). [ka]

[0274] Experimental Example D2: Sodium calcium salt of maleized palm oil obtained from calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate (ratio 7:3)

[0275] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 122 g of the amber-colored viscous product obtained from maleination reaction A2 was heated to 90°C. A mixture of 11.55 g (0.9 molar equivalents) of sodium carbonate and 24.6 g (2.1 molar equivalents) of calcium carbonate dissolved in 122 g (58 molar equivalents) of water was added over 3 hours while controlling for foaming. The reaction was maintained at 90°C for 3 hours. The reaction yielded a fluid, pale yellow, water-soluble product with 60% active ingredient in a yield of over 90%, which was characterized by IR and LC (less than 0.05% residual maleic anhydride).

[0276] Experimental Example D3: Sodium calcium salt of maleated canola oil obtained from calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate (ratio 7:3)

[0277] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 122 g of the amber-colored viscous product obtained from maleination reaction A3 was heated to 90°C. A mixture of 11.3 g (0.9 molar equivalents) of sodium carbonate and 24 g (2.1 molar equivalents) of calcium carbonate dissolved in 122 g (60 molar equivalents) of water was added over 3 hours while controlling for foaming. The reaction was maintained at 90°C for 3 hours. The reaction yielded a fluid, pale yellow, water-soluble product with 60% active ingredient in a yield of over 90%, which was characterized by IR and LC (less than 0.05% residual maleic anhydride).

[0278] Experimental Example D4: Sodium calcium salt of maleated sunflower oil obtained from calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate (ratio 7:3) In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 122 g of the amber-colored viscous product obtained from maleination reaction A4 was heated to 90°C. A mixture of 11.55 g (0.9 molar equivalents) of sodium carbonate and 24.6 g (2.1 molar equivalents) of calcium carbonate dissolved in 122 g (58 molar equivalents) of water was added over 3 hours while controlling for foaming. The reaction was maintained at 90°C for 3 hours. The reaction yielded a fluid, pale yellow, water-soluble product with 60% active ingredient in a yield of over 90%, which was characterized by IR and LC (less than 0.05% residual maleic anhydride).

[0279] Experimental Example D5: Sodium calcium salt of maleated castor oil obtained from calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate (ratio 7:3) In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 122 g of the amber-colored viscous product obtained from maleination reaction A5 was heated to 90°C. A mixture of 10.6 g (0.9 molar equivalents) of sodium carbonate and 22.5 g (2.1 molar equivalents) of calcium carbonate dissolved in 122 g (63 molar equivalents) of water was added over 3 hours while controlling the occurrence of foaming. The reaction was maintained at 90°C for 3 hours. The reaction yielded a fluid, pale yellow, water-soluble product with 60% active ingredient in a yield of over 90%, which was characterized by IR and LC (less than 0.05% residual maleic anhydride).

[0280] Experimental Example E1: Calcium salts of maleated soybean oil obtained from calcium carbonate In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 100 g of the amber-colored viscous product obtained from maleination reaction A1 was heated to 90°C. A mixture of 25.5 g (3 molar equivalents) of calcium carbonate dissolved in 85 g (55 molar equivalents) of water was added over 3 hours while controlling for foaming. The reaction was maintained at 90°C for 3 hours. The reaction yielded a fluid, pale yellow, water-soluble product with 60% active ingredient in a yield of over 80%, which was characterized by IR and LC (less than 0.05% residual maleic anhydride). [ka]

[0281] Experimental Example F1: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil obtained from 2 molar equivalents of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 123 g of the amber-colored viscous product obtained from maleination reaction A1 was heated to 90°C. A mixture of 9.04 g (2 molar equivalents) of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and 80 g (46 molar equivalents) of water was added over 1 hour while controlling foaming, and the mixture was held at 90°C for 3 hours. The reaction yielded a fluid, amber-colored, water-soluble product with 70% active ingredient in a yield of over 96%, which was characterized by IR, NMR, and LC (less than 0.05% residual maleic anhydride). [ka]

[0282] Experimental Example G1: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil reacted with hydrophobic 2-octyl-1-dodecanol

[0283] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, the amber-colored viscous product from Experimental Example F1 and 34 g (1 molar equivalent) of 2-octyl-1-dodecanol were mixed and heated to 90°C, where the mixture was held for 8 hours. The amber-colored viscous product was obtained in a yield of over 90% by a one-pot reaction without catalyst or solvent, and was characterized by NMR, IR, GC (less than 5% residual octyldodecanol), and LC (less than 1% residual maleic anhydride). [ka]

[0284] Experimental Example H1: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil reacted with hydrophilic glycerin

[0285] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, the amber-colored viscous product from Experimental Example F1 and 10.5 g (1 molar equivalent) of glycerin were mixed and heated to 90°C, where the mixture was held for 4-6 hours. The amber-colored viscous product was obtained in a yield of over 90% by a one-pot reaction without the use of a catalyst or solvent, and was characterized by NMR and LC (less than 0.05% residual maleic anhydride). [ka]

[0286] Experimental Example I1: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil reacted with hydrophobic 2-octyl-1-dodecanol and hydrophilic glycerin

[0287] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 100 g of maleized soybean oil prepared in Experimental Example A1 and 38.17 g of 2-octyl-1-dodecanol (1.5 molar equivalents relative to maleized soybean oil) were added, and the mixture was heated at 90°C for 6 hours. Next, glycerin (7.85 g, 1 molar equivalent relative to maleized soybean oil) was added, and the mixture was heated at 90°C for another 6 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 85°C, and 5.1 g of 50% by mass sodium hydroxide (0.75 molar equivalents relative to maleized soybean oil) was added over 30 minutes, and the mixture was held at 85°C for 4 hours. The resulting amber-colored viscous product was characterized by NMR and IR. The yield was over 96%. [ka]

[0288] Experimental Example J1: 3-aminopropanol salt (1 equivalent) of maleated soybean oil reacted with hydrophobic 2-octyldodecanol and hydrophilic glycerin.

[0289] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 100 g of maleized soybean oil prepared in Experimental Example A1 and 38.17 g of 2-octyl-1-dodecanol (1.5 molar equivalents relative to maleized soybean oil) were added, and the mixture was heated at 90°C for 6 hours. Then, glycerin (7.85 g, 1 molar equivalent relative to maleized soybean oil) was added, and the mixture was heated at 90°C for another 6 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 60°C, 1 molar equivalent of 3-amino-1-propanol was added over 30 minutes, and the mixture was held at 60°C for 2-4 hours. The resulting amber-colored viscous product was characterized by NMR and IR. The yield was over 96%.

[0290] Experimental Example J2: 3-aminopropanol salt (3 equivalents) of maleated soybean oil reacted with hydrophobic 2-octyldodecanol and hydrophilic glycerin.

[0291] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 100 g of maleized soybean oil prepared in Experimental Example A1 and 38.17 g of 2-octyl-1-dodecanol (1.5 molar equivalents relative to maleized soybean oil) were added, and the mixture was heated at 90°C for 6 hours. Then, glycerin (7.85 g, 1 molar equivalent relative to maleized soybean oil) was added, and the mixture was heated at 90°C for another 6 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 60°C, 3 molar equivalents of 3-amino-1-propanol were added over 30 minutes, and the mixture was held at 60°C for 2-4 hours. The resulting amber-colored viscous product was characterized by NMR and IR. The yield was over 96%.

[0292] Experimental Example J3: 3-aminopropanol salt of maleinated soybean oil reacted with hydrophobic 2-octyldodecanol and hydrophilic glycerin, 50% solids content in ethanol

[0293] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 200 g of maleized soybean oil and 200 g of water prepared in Experimental Example A1 were added and heated to 90°C, where it was held for 6 hours. Hydrolysis of the yellow two-phase mixture was confirmed by NMR and IR. The water was removed by distillation. The resulting highly viscous amber mixture was dissolved in 200 g of ethanol at 50-60°C. Heating was stopped, and 65.4 g of 3-amino-1-propanol (5 molar equivalents relative to the soybean oil) was added over 1 hour at 50°C, maintaining the internal temperature below 50°C. The mixture was held at room temperature for 2 hours. The resulting amber jelly-like product had a solid content of 50% and was characterized by NMR and IR.

[0294] Experimental Example J4: 3-aminopropanol salt of maleinated soybean oil reacted with hydrophobic 2-octyldodecanol and hydrophilic glycerin (30% solids in ethanol)

[0295] The procedure for Experimental Example J3 was used, but with the difference being that 400 g of ethanol was used to dissolve the intermediate after the removal of water. The resulting amber-colored product had a solid content of 30% and was characterized by NMR and IR.

[0296] Experimental Example K1: Reaction of maleated soybean oil with 0.5 equivalents of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone (HEP)

[0297] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 100 g of maleated soybean oil prepared in Experimental Example A1 and 5.7 g of HEP (0.5 molar equivalents relative to soybean oil) were mixed and heated to 120°C, where it was held for 6 hours. An amber-colored viscous product was obtained in a yield of over 96% by a one-pot reaction without the use of a catalyst or solvent, and was characterized by NMR, IR, GC (less than 5% residual HEP), and LC (less than 0.5% residual maleic anhydride).

[0298] Experimental Example K2: Reaction of maleated soybean oil with 1.0 equivalent of HEP

[0299] The reaction was carried out using 11.5g (1.0 molar equivalent) of HEP, following the same procedure as in Experimental Example K1.

[0300] Experimental Example K3: Reaction of maleated soybean oil with 1.5 equivalents of HEP

[0301] The reaction was carried out using 17.2g (1.5 molar equivalent) of HEP, following the same procedure as in Experimental Example K1.

[0302] Experimental Example K4: Reaction of maleated soybean oil with 2.0 equivalents of HEP

[0303] The reaction was carried out using the same procedure as in Experimental Example K1, but with the addition of 2.9 g (2.0 molar equivalent) of HEP2.

[0304] Experimental Example K5: Reaction of maleated soybean oil with 2.5 equivalents of HEP

[0305] The reaction was carried out using the same procedure as in Experimental Example K1, but with 28.7g (2.5 molar equivalents) of HEP.

[0306] Experimental Example K6: Reaction of maleated soybean oil with 3.0 equivalents of HEP

[0307] The reaction was carried out using the same procedure as in Experimental Example K1, but with the addition of 4.4 g (3.0 molar equivalent) of HEP3.

[0308] Experimental Example K7: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil reacted with 2.0 equivalents of HEP

[0309] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 118 g of maleized soybean oil reacted with 2.0 equivalents of HEP obtained in Experimental Example K4 was placed and heated to 80°C. A mixture of 20.5 g of 50% by mass sodium hydroxide (3 molar equivalents relative to the soybean oil) and 118 g of water was added over 30 minutes. The mixture was held at 85°C for 2-4 hours. The resulting amber-colored viscous crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. The yield of the product was over 96%.

[0310] Experimental Example L1: Maleated soybean oil reacted with 1.2 equivalents of hydrophobic 2-ethylhexanol.

[0311] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 100 g of maleized soybean oil prepared in Experimental Example A1 was heated to 85°C. 13.8 g (1.2 molar equivalents) of 2-ethylhexanol was added, and the mixture was held at 85°C for 6-8 hours. The resulting amber-colored liquid product was characterized by NMR and IR. The yield of the liquid product was over 98%.

[0312] Experimental Example L2: Maleated soybean oil reacted with 1.3 equivalents of hydrophobic 2-ethylhexanol.

[0313] The reaction was carried out using the same procedure as in Experimental Example L1, but with 14.9 g (1.3 molar equivalents) of 2-ethylhexanol.

[0314] Experimental Example L3: Maleated soybean oil reacted with 1.5 equivalents of hydrophobic 2-ethylhexanol.

[0315] The reaction was carried out using the same procedure as in Experimental Example L1, but with 17.2 g (1.5 molar equivalents) of 2-ethylhexanol.

[0316] Experimental Example L4: Maleated soybean oil reacted with 1.7 equivalents of hydrophobic 2-ethylhexanol.

[0317] The reaction was carried out using the same procedure as in Experimental Example L1, but with 19.5 g (1.7 molar equivalents) of 2-ethylhexanol.

[0318] Experimental Example L5: Maleated soybean oil reacted with 2.0 equivalents of hydrophobic 2-ethylhexanol.

[0319] The reaction was carried out using the same procedure as in Experimental Example L1, but with 22.9 g (2.0 molar equivalent) of 2-ethylhexanol.

[0320] Experimental Example L6: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil reacted with 1.2 equivalents of hydrophobic 2-ethylhexanol and 1.3 equivalents of glycerin.

[0321] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 100 g of maleized soybean oil, prepared by reacting 1.2 equivalents of hydrophobic 2-ethylhexanol (prepared in Experimental Example L1), was heated to 85°C, and 10.5 g (1.3 molar equivalents) of glycerin was added. The reaction mixture was held at 85°C for 6-8 hours. The resulting amber-colored liquid intermediate was characterized by MR and IR. The yield was over 98%. The reaction mixture was cooled to 80°C, and 4.5 g of 50% by mass sodium hydroxide (0.75 molar equivalents relative to the soybean oil) was added over 30 minutes, and the mixture was held at 85°C for 2-4 hours. The resulting amber-colored viscous crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. The yield of the product was over 96%.

[0322] Experimental Example L7: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil reacted with 1.3 equivalents of hydrophobic 2-ethylhexanol and 1.2 equivalents of glycerin.

[0323] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 100 g of maleized soybean oil, prepared by reacting 1.3 equivalents of hydrophobic 2-ethylhexanol (prepared in Experimental Example L2), was heated to 85°C, and 9.7 g (1.2 molar equivalents) of glycerin was added. The reaction mixture was held at 85°C for 6-8 hours. The resulting amber-colored liquid intermediate was characterized by NMR and IR. The yield was over 98%. The reaction mixture was cooled to 80°C, and 4.5 g of 50% by mass sodium hydroxide (0.75 molar equivalents relative to the soybean oil) was added over 30 minutes, and the mixture was held at 85°C for 2-4 hours. The resulting amber-colored viscous crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. The yield of the product was over 96%.

[0324] Experimental Example L8: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil reacted with 1.5 equivalents of hydrophobic 2-ethylhexanol and 1.0 equivalent of glycerin.

[0325] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 100 g of maleized soybean oil, prepared by reacting 1.5 equivalents of hydrophobic 2-ethylhexanol (prepared in Experimental Example L3), was heated to 85°C, and 6.91 g (1.0 molar equivalent) of glycerin was added. The reaction mixture was held at 85°C for 6-8 hours. The resulting amber-colored liquid intermediate was characterized by NMR and IR. The yield was over 98%. The reaction mixture was cooled to 80°C, and 4.5 g of 50% by mass sodium hydroxide (0.75 molar equivalent relative to the soybean oil) was added over 30 minutes, and the mixture was held at 85°C for 2-4 hours. The resulting amber-colored viscous crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. The yield of the product was over 96%.

[0326] Experimental Example L9: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil reacted with 1.7 equivalents of hydrophobic 2-ethylhexanol and 1.0 equivalent of glycerin.

[0327] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 100 g of maleized soybean oil, prepared by reacting 1.7 equivalents of hydrophobic 2-ethylhexanol (prepared in Experimental Example L4), was heated to 85°C, and 6.91 g (1.0 molar equivalent) of glycerin was added. The reaction mixture was held at 85°C for 6-8 hours. The resulting amber-colored liquid intermediate was characterized by NMR and IR. The yield was over 98%. The reaction mixture was cooled to 80°C, and 4.5 g of 50% by mass sodium hydroxide (0.75 molar equivalent relative to the soybean oil) was added over 30 minutes, and the mixture was held at 85°C for 2-4 hours. The resulting amber-colored viscous crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. The yield of the product was over 96%.

[0328] Experimental Example L10: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil reacted with 2.0 equivalents of hydrophobic 2-ethylhexanol and 0.5 equivalents of glycerin.

[0329] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 100 g of maleized soybean oil, prepared by reacting 2.0 equivalents of hydrophobic 2-ethylhexanol (prepared in Experimental Example L5), was heated to 85°C, and 3.45 g (0.5 molar equivalents) of glycerin was added. The reaction mixture was held at 85°C for 6-8 hours. The resulting amber-colored liquid intermediate was characterized by NMR and IR. The yield was over 98%. The reaction mixture was cooled to 80°C, and 4.5 g of 50% by mass sodium hydroxide (0.75 molar equivalents relative to the soybean oil) was added over 30 minutes, and the mixture was held at 85°C for 2-4 hours. The resulting amber-colored viscous crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. The yield of the product was over 96%.

[0330] Experimental Example L11: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil reacted with 1.5 equivalents of hydrophobic 2-ethylhexanol, 1.25 equivalents of castor oil, and 0.5 equivalents of glycerin.

[0331] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 100 g of maleized soybean oil, prepared by reacting 1.5 equivalents of hydrophobic 2-ethylhexanol (prepared in Experimental Example L3), was heated to 85°C. 87.5 g (1.25 molar equivalents) of castor oil and 3.45 g (0.5 molar equivalents) of glycerin were added. The reaction mixture was held at 85°C for 6-8 hours. The resulting amber-colored liquid intermediate was characterized by NMR and IR. The yield was over 98%. The reaction mixture was cooled to 80°C, and 4.5 g of 50% by mass sodium hydroxide (0.75 molar equivalents relative to the soybean oil) was added over 30 minutes. The mixture was held at 85°C for 2-4 hours. The resulting amber-colored viscous crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. The yield of the product was over 96%.

[0332] Experimental Example L12: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil reacted with 1.5 equivalents of hydrophobic 2-ethylhexanol, 0.5 equivalents of castor oil, and 0.5 equivalents of glycerin.

[0333] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 100 g of maleized soybean oil, prepared by reacting 1.5 equivalents of hydrophobic 2-ethylhexanol (prepared in Experimental Example L3), was heated to 85°C. 34.9 g (0.5 molar equivalents) of castor oil and 3.45 g (0.5 molar equivalents) of glycerin were added. The reaction mixture was held at 85°C for 6-8 hours. The resulting amber-colored liquid intermediate was characterized by NMR and IR. The yield was over 98%. The reaction mixture was cooled to 80°C, and 4.5 g of 50% by mass sodium hydroxide (0.75 molar equivalents relative to the soybean oil) was added over 30 minutes. The mixture was held at 85°C for 2-4 hours. The resulting amber-colored viscous crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. The yield of the product was over 96%.

[0334] Experimental Example L13: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil reacted with 0.3 equivalents of castor oil.

[0335] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 152 g of maleized soybean oil (DS2.9) prepared in Experimental Example A1 was heated to 85°C, and 34.9 g (0.3 molar equivalent) of castor oil was added. The reaction mixture was held at 85°C for 4-6 hours. The resulting amber-colored liquid intermediate was characterized by NMR. The reaction mixture was cooled to 80°C, and a mixture of 30.3 g (2.9 molar equivalent relative to the soybean oil) and 70 g of water was added over 30-45 minutes, and the mixture was held at 85°C for 2-4 hours. The resulting amber-colored viscous crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. The yield of the product was over 96%.

[0336] Experimental Example L14: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil reacted with 0.3 equivalents of castor oil and 1.5 equivalents of hydrophobic 2-ethylhexanol.

[0337] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 100 g of maleized soybean oil prepared in Experimental Example A1 was heated to 85°C, and 24.8 g (0.3 molar equivalent) of castor oil was added. The reaction mixture was held at 85°C for 4-6 hours. The resulting amber-colored liquid intermediate was characterized by NMR and IR. Next, 1.5 molar equivalents of 2-ethylhexanol were added, and the mixture was held at 85°C for 6-8 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 80°C, and 5.3 g of 50% by mass sodium hydroxide (0.75 molar equivalent relative to the soybean oil) was added over 30 minutes, and the mixture was held at 85°C for 2-4 hours. The resulting amber-colored viscous crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. The yield of the product was over 96%.

[0338] Experimental Example M1: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil reacted with 1.5 equivalents of 1-hexanol and 1.0 equivalent of glycerin.

[0339] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 200 g of maleized soybean oil obtained in Experimental Example A1 was heated to 85°C, and 26.8 g (1.5 molar equivalents) of 1-hexanol was added. The reaction mixture was held at 85°C for 6-8 hours. The resulting amber-colored liquid intermediate was characterized by NMR and IR. 16.1 g (1.0 molar equivalent) of glycerin was added to the reaction mixture and held at 85°C for 6-8 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 80°C, and 10.5 g of 50 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, equivalent to 0.75 molar equivalents relative to the soybean oil, was added over 30 minutes and held at 85°C for 2-4 hours. The resulting amber-colored, highly viscous crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. The yield of the product was over 96%.

[0340] Experimental Example M2: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil reacted with 1.5 equivalents of 1-dodecanol and 1.0 equivalent of glycerin.

[0341] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 200 g of maleized soybean oil obtained in Experimental Example A1 was heated to 85°C, and 48.9 g (1.5 molar equivalents) of 1-dodecanol was added. The reaction mixture was held at 85°C for 6-8 hours. The resulting amber-colored liquid intermediate was characterized by NMR and IR. 16.1 g (1.0 molar equivalent) of glycerin was added to the reaction mixture and held at 85°C for 6-8 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 80°C, and 10.5 g of 50 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, equivalent to 0.75 molar equivalents relative to the soybean oil, was added over 30 minutes and held at 85°C for 2-4 hours. The resulting amber-colored, highly viscous crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. The yield of the product was over 96%.

[0342] Experimental Example M3: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil reacted with 1.5 equivalents of 1-eicosanol and 1.0 equivalent of glycerin.

[0343] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 200 g of maleized soybean oil obtained in Experimental Example A1 was heated to 85°C, and 78.4 g (1.5 molar equivalents) of 1-eicosanol was added. The reaction mixture was held at 85°C for 6-8 hours. The resulting amber-colored liquid intermediate was characterized by NMR and IR. 16.1 g (1.0 molar equivalent) of glycerin was added to the reaction mixture and held at 85°C for 6-8 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 80°C, and 10.5 g of 50 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, equivalent to 0.75 molar equivalents relative to the soybean oil, was added over 30 minutes and held at 85°C for 2-4 hours. The resulting amber-colored, highly viscous crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. The yield of the product was over 96%.

[0344] Experimental Example N1: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil reacted with 1.0 equivalent of diethanolamine.

[0345] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 150 g of maleized soybean oil obtained in Experimental Example A1 was heated to 60°C. To the maleized soybean oil, a solution of 15.1 g (1 molar equivalent) of diethanolamine dissolved in 300 g of water was added over 30-45 minutes. The reaction mixture was held at 60°C for 4-6 hours. The resulting highly viscous two-phase mixture was neutralized by adding 9.5 g of a 50 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, equivalent to 0.9 molar equivalents relative to the soybean oil, over 15 minutes, and held at 60°C for 1-2 hours. The resulting amber-colored viscous product was characterized by NMR and IR. The yield was over 96%.

[0346] Experimental Example N2: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil reacted with 2.0 equivalents of diethanolamine.

[0347] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 150 g of maleized soybean oil obtained in Experimental Example A1 was added and heated to 60°C. A solution of 30.2 g (2 molar equivalents) of diethanolamine dissolved in 300 g of water was added to the maleized soybean oil over 30-45 minutes. The reaction mixture was held at 60°C for 4-6 hours. The resulting highly viscous two-phase mixture was neutralized by adding 9.5 g of a 50 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, equivalent to 0.9 molar equivalents relative to the soybean oil, over 15 minutes, and held at 60°C for 1-2 hours. The resulting amber-colored viscous product was characterized by NMR and IR. The yield was over 96%.

[0348] Experimental Example O1: Maleated soybean oil reacted with polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (mPEG), molecular weight 1000.

[0349] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 271.59 g of maleized soybean oil obtained in Experimental Example A1 was added. The maleized soybean oil was heated to 60°C, and stirring was started. Then, 235.23 g (1.0 molar equivalent) of polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (molecular weight 1000, mPEG1000) was added, ensuring that the internal temperature did not exceed 90°C. After the addition of mPEG was complete, the reaction mixture was held at 90°C for 15 minutes, then heated to 120°C and held at 120°C for 6 hours.

[0350] Experimental example: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil reacted with O2:mPEG1000

[0351] In a 500 mL four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 142 g of maleized soybean oil reacted with mPEG1000 obtained according to Experimental Example O1 was added and heated to 80°C. 12.13 g of 50 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was then added. The mixture was maintained at 80°C for 3 hours. The pH of the product was 6.5–7.5 and was characterized by IR.

[0352] Experimental example: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil reacted with O3:mPEG1000 and 2-butyl-1-octanol.

[0353] In a 500 mL four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 140 g of maleized soybean oil reacted with mPEG1000 obtained according to Experimental Example O1 was added and heated to 60°C. 12.07 g (1 molar equivalent) of 2-butyl-1-octanol was slowly added, ensuring the internal temperature did not exceed 90°C. After the addition of 2-butyl-1-octanol was complete, the reaction mixture was held at 90°C for 15 minutes, then heated to 120°C and held at 120°C for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 80°C, 9.33 g of 50 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added, and the mixture was held at 80°C for 3 hours. The pH of the product was 6.5–7.5 and was characterized by NMR and IR.

[0354] Experimental Example O4: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil reacted with mPEG1000 and 1-dodecanol

[0355] In a 500 mL four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 140 g of maleized soybean oil, reacted with mPEG1000 obtained according to Experimental Example O1, was heated to 60°C, and 12.07 g (1 molar equivalent) of 1-dodecanol was slowly added so as not to exceed 90°C. After the addition of 1-dodecanol was complete, the reaction mixture was held at 90°C for 15 minutes, then heated to 120°C and held at 120°C for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 80°C, 9.33 g of 50 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added, and the mixture was held at 80°C for 3 hours. The pH of the product was 6.5-7.5 and was characterized by NMR and IR.

[0356] Experimental Example O5: Maleated soybean oil reacted with polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (mPEG), molecular weight 400.

[0357] In a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 262.4 g of maleized soybean oil obtained in Experimental Example A1 was added. The maleized soybean oil was heated to 60°C, and stirring was started. Then, 90.91 g (1.0 molar equivalent) of polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (molecular weight 400, mPEG400) was added, ensuring that the internal temperature did not exceed 90°C. After the addition of mPEG was complete, the reaction mixture was held at 90°C for 15 minutes, then heated to 120°C and held at 120°C for 6 hours.

[0358] Experimental example O6: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil reacted with mPEG400

[0359] 206.8 g of maleized soybean oil obtained in Experimental Example A1 was placed in a 500 mL four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer. The maleized soybean oil was heated to 60°C, and stirring was started. Then, 105.7 g (1.5 molar equivalent) of mPEG400 was added, ensuring that the internal temperature did not exceed 80°C. After the addition of mPEG was complete, the reaction mixture was held at 80°C for 15 minutes, then heated to 90°C and held at 90°C for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 80°C, and 31.7 g of 50 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added. The mixture was held at 80°C for 3 hours. The pH of the product was 6.5 to 7.5 and was characterized by IR.

[0360] Experimental Example O7: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil reacted with mPEG400 and 2-butyl-1-octanol

[0361] In a 500 mL four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 132.5 g of maleized soybean oil, reacted with mPEG400 obtained according to Experimental Example O5, was heated to 60°C, and 15.88 g (1 molar equivalent) of 2-butyl-1-octanol was slowly added so as not to exceed 90°C. After the addition of 2-butyl-1-octanol was complete, the reaction mixture was held at 90°C for 15 minutes, then heated to 120°C and held at 120°C for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 80°C, 12.27 g of 50 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added, and the mixture was held at 80°C for 3 hours. The pH of the product was 6.5-7.5 and was characterized by NMR and IR.

[0362] Experimental Example O8: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil reacted with mPEG400 and 1-dodecanol

[0363] In a 500 mL four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 118.4 g of maleized soybean oil, reacted with mPEG400 obtained according to Experimental Example O5, was heated to 60°C, and 14.2 g (1 molar equivalent) of 1-dodecanol was slowly added so as not to exceed 90°C. After the addition of 1-dodecanol was complete, the reaction mixture was held at 90°C for 15 minutes, then heated to 120°C and held at 120°C for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 80°C, 10.96 g of 50 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added, and the mixture was held at 80°C for 3 hours. The pH of the product was 6.5-7.5 and was characterized by NMR and IR.

[0364] Experimental example O9: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil reacted with 2-butyl-1-octanol

[0365] 242.7 g of maleized soybean oil obtained in Experimental Example A1 was placed in a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer. The maleized soybean oil was heated to 60°C, and stirring was started. Then, 57.7 g (1.5 molar equivalent) of 2-butyl-1-octanol was added, ensuring that the internal temperature did not exceed 80°C. After the addition of 2-butyl-1-octanol was complete, the reaction mixture was held at 80°C for 15 minutes, then heated to 90°C and held at 90°C for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 80°C, 37.1 g of 50 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added, and the mixture was held at 80°C for 3 hours. The pH of the product was 6.5-7.5 and was characterized by NMR and IR.

[0366] Experimental example: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil reacted with O10:1-dodecanol

[0367] 205.5 g of maleized soybean oil obtained in Experimental Example A1 was placed in a 1-liter four-necked flask equipped with a thermocouple, reflux condenser, nitrogen purge adapter, and mechanical stirrer. The maleized soybean oil was heated to 60°C, and stirring was started. Then, 48.91 g (1.5 molar equivalent) of 1-dodecanol was added, ensuring that the internal temperature did not exceed 80°C. After the addition of 2-butyl-1-octanol was complete, the reaction mixture was held at 80°C for 15 minutes, then heated to 90°C and held at 90°C for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 80°C, 31.5 g of 50 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was added, and the mixture was held at 80°C for 3 hours. The pH of the product was 6.5-7.5 and was characterized by NMR and IR.

[0368] Examples of modified soybean oil in pesticide formulations

[0369] Example 1: Seed Coating

[0370] For the compositions shown in the table below, appropriate amounts of each component were weighed out, and 10 g samples were prepared in 2 ounce stoppered bottles. The contents were dispersed using a magnetic stirrer bar over 1 hour.

[0371] [Table 1]

[0372] [Table 2]

[0373] Corn seeds were coated with 1 g of seed treatment compound per 100 g of seeds using a Winterstieger Hege 11 liquid seed treatment machine. The treatment was applied for 30 seconds, followed by mixing for another 20 seconds and drying. The seeds were left in an open container at room temperature for 24 hours, after which dust removal was performed.

[0374] Using a Huebach dust meter, the dust-off value was evaluated for 300 seconds at an airflow of 20 L / min and 30 revolutions per minute.

[0375] [Table 3]

[0376] Example 2: Seed treatment of corn and soybeans

[0377] Soybean seeds were coated with commercially available seed treatment agents, and the performance of the prepared product was evaluated by secondary addition of various binders and film-forming agents. The soybeans were treated with Acceleron DC309 at 0.375 fl oz / 100 lbs, Acceleron DX 109 at 0.600 fl oz / 100 lbs, Acceleron DX-612 at 0.240 fl oz / 100 lbs, and Acceleron IX409 at 3.000 fl oz / 100 lbs. Corn seeds were coated with Acceleron DC-309 at 0.100 fl oz / 100 lbs, Acceleron DC-509 at 0.085 fl oz / 100 lbs, Acceleron DX-709 at 0.320 fl oz / 100 lbs, and Acceleron IC-609 at 5.309 fl oz / 100 lbs.

[0378] The dust-off performance was recorded using a Huebach dust meter on a 100g sample of seeds.

[0379] [Table 4]

[0380] The plantability of corn and soybean seeds was measured. Corn plantability was tested at a sowing rate of 33,000 seeds / acre, 77.4°C, and 44% relative humidity. Soybean plantability was tested at a sowing rate of 150,000 seeds / acre, 77.4°C, and 44% relative humidity.

[0381] [Table 5]

[0382] Example 3: Matrix Preparation

[0383] For the compositions shown in the table below, appropriate amounts of each component were weighed out, and 100g samples were prepared in 4-ounce stoppered bottles. The contents were dispersed using an overhead mixer for 1 hour.

[0384] A 100g matrix composition was prepared by dispersing 3.75g of sodium-salted hydrophobic soybean oil, 2.5g of PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and MVE-MAHE (methyl vinyl ether / maleic acid half-ester neutralized) copolymer, 12.5g of phosphate ester, 5.0g of methylated soybean oil, and 73.75g of paraffin oil in a 4-ounce stoppered bottle. Finally, 2.5g of bentonite was added to adjust the viscosity of the final liquid system. The composition was held at 54°C for 14 days, was visually stable, and no phase separation was observed.

[0385] [Table 6]

[0386] Example 4: Addition of the active ingredient atrazine

[0387] 20.0 g of atrazine was added to 78.0 g of the matrix from Example 1 (without Bentonone SD-1). 2.0 g of bentonite was gradually added to adjust the viscosity of the final liquid system.

[0388] [Table 7]

[0389] 20.0 g of atrazine was added to 78.0 g of the matrix from Example 1 (without Bentonone SD-1). 2.0 g of bentonite was gradually added to adjust the viscosity of the final liquid system.

[0390] [Table 8]

[0391] Example 5: Seed Coating

[0392] For the compositions shown in the table below, each component was weighed in an appropriate amount, and 100g samples were prepared in 4-ounce stoppered bottles. The contents were dispersed using a magnetic stirrer bar over 1 hour.

[0393] [Table 9]

[0394] Example 6: Seed Coating

[0395] [Table 10]

[0396] Example 7: Seed Coating

[0397] [Table 11]

[0398] Example 8: Seed Coating

[0399] [Table 12]

[0400] Example 9: Seed Coating

[0401] A 100g seed coating composition was prepared in a 250ml glass beaker. 10.0g of sodium-salted maleated soybean oil was dissolved in 45.56g of water, and 12.00g of propylene glycol was added. The mixture was mixed for 10 minutes using an overhead mixer (propeller-type stirring blade, 400rpm). 0.25g of xanthan gum was gradually added and mixed for 15 minutes or until completely hydrated. A 20% aqueous dipropylene glycol solution of PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and MVE-MAHE (methyl vinyl ether / maleic acid half-ester neutralized) copolymer, a silicone defoamer, and 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one was added and mixed. The mixing speed was increased to 600rpm, and zinc oxide, zinc EDTA, sodium molybdate, and a red pigment were gradually added and mixed for 15 minutes.

[0402] [Table 13]

[0403] Example 10: Seed Coating

[0404] 100g of seed coating composition was prepared in a 250ml glass beaker.

[0405] Dissolve 2.50 g of hydrophobic modified maleated soybean oil and 7.5 g of sodium-salted maleated soybean oil in 45.56 g of water, add 12.00 g of propylene glycol, and mix for 10 minutes using an overhead mixer (propeller-type stirring blade, 400 rpm). Gradually add 0.25 g of xanthan gum and mix for 15 minutes or until completely hydrated. Add a 20% aqueous dipropylene glycol solution of PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and MVE-MAHE (methyl vinyl ether / maleic acid half-ester neutralized) copolymer, silicone defoamer, and 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one and mix. Increase the mixing speed to 600 rpm and gradually add zinc oxide, zinc EDTA, sodium molybdate, and red pigment and mix for 15 minutes.

[0406] [Table 14]

[0407] 100 g of seed coating composition was prepared in a 250 ml glass beaker. 10.0 g of sodium salt hydrophobic modified maleated soybean oil was dissolved in 45.56 g of water, 12.00 g of propylene glycol was added, and the mixture was mixed for 10 minutes using an overhead mixer (propeller-type stirring blade, 400 rpm). 0.25 g of xanthan gum was gradually added and mixed for 15 minutes or until completely hydrated. A 20% aqueous dipropylene glycol solution of PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) and MVE-MAHE (methyl vinyl ether / maleic acid half-ester neutralized) copolymer, silicone defoamer, and 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one was added and mixed. The mixing speed was increased to 600 rpm, and zinc oxide, zinc EDTA, sodium molybdate, and red pigment were gradually added and mixed for 15 minutes.

[0408] [Table 15]

[0409] Example 11: A pesticide oil dispersion formulation containing the insecticidal active ingredient imidacloprid is suspended in soybean methyl ester, a dispersant, attapulgite, hydroxyethylcellulose, and an emulsifier, and the insecticidal active ingredient bifenthrin is further dissolved in the oil phase.

[0410] [Table 16]

[0411] The formulation preparation step in Example 13 involves dispersing imidacloprid in soybean methyl ester in the presence of a mixture of sodium-salted maleinated soybean oil, hydrophobically modified maleinated soybean oil, and attapulgite, and grinding this mixture until the particle size is 1 to 5 μm. Then, under stirring, bifenthrin, calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, ethoxylated castor oil, EO / PO butanol, hydroxyethylcellulose, and attapulgite are added again.

[0412] Example 12: A pesticide oil dispersion formulation containing the insecticidal active ingredient imidacloprid is suspended in soybean methyl ester, a dispersant, attapulgite, hydroxyethylcellulose, and an emulsifier, and the insecticidal active ingredient bifenthrin is further dissolved in the oil phase.

[0413] [Table 17]

[0414] The formulation preparation step in Example 14 involves dispersing imidacloprid in soybean methyl ester in the presence of sodium-salted hydrophobic maleated soybean oil and attapulgite, and grinding the mixture until the particle size is 1-5 μm. Then, under stirring, bifenthrin, calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, ethoxylated castor oil, EO / PO butanol, hydroxyethylcellulose, and attapulgite are added again.

[0415] Example 13 - Herbicide: Sodium salt of hydrophobic-modified maleated soybean oil can be used to disperse herbicides in oil-based solutions, enabling better and more consistent coverage of weeds in agricultural fields. This improves the effectiveness of the herbicide and reduces the amount of herbicide required.

[0416] For example, the composition of an oil-based herbicide dispersant may contain 20-50% by weight of the herbicide as the active ingredient, 5-50% by weight of an oily carrier such as mineral oil or vegetable oil, and 1-5% by weight of a non-aqueous dispersant. The specific concentration depends on the properties of the herbicide and oil, as well as the intended use.

[0417] [Table 18]

[0418] Example 14 - Insecticide: Sodium salt of hydrophobic-modified maleated soybean oil can also be used to disperse insecticides in oil-based solutions. This is particularly useful in greenhouse applications where water-based sprays are ineffective or prone to damaging plants.

[0419] For example, the composition of an oil-based insecticide dispersant may contain 1-10% by weight of the insecticide as the active ingredient, 90-99% by weight of a carrier oil such as canola oil or soybean oil, and 1-5% by weight of a non-aqueous dispersant. The specific concentration depends on the properties of the insecticide and oil, as well as the intended use.

[0420] [Table 19]

[0421] Example 15 - Fungicide: Sodium salt of hydrophobic-modified maleated soybean oil can also be used to disperse fungicides in oil-based solutions and is particularly useful for treating fungal infections in crops and soil.

[0422] For example, the composition of an oil-based fungicide dispersant may contain 10-30% by weight of the fungicide as the active ingredient, 70-90% by weight of a carrier oil such as vegetable oil or mineral oil, and 1-5% by weight of a non-aqueous dispersant. The specific concentrations depend on the properties of the fungicide and oil, as well as the intended use.

[0423] [Table 20]

[0424] Example 16 - Seed Coating: Sodium salt of hydrophobic-modified maleinated soybean oil can also be used as a component of seed coating, enabling better adhesion and coverage of the pesticide on the seed surface. This improves the efficiency of the pesticide and reduces the amount of pesticide required per seed.

[0425] For example, the composition of the seed coating may contain 1-20% by weight of a pesticide, 5-30% by weight of a binder such as starch or gum, 50-90% by weight of a carrier oil such as vegetable oil or mineral oil, and 1-5% by weight of a non-aqueous dispersant. The specific concentrations depend on the properties of the pesticide, binder, oil, and dispersant, as well as the target seeds and applications.

[0426] [Table 21]

[0427] Example 17 - Livestock Use: Sodium salt of hydrophobic modified maleated soybean oil can be used for livestock applications, such as the dispersion of insecticides for treating livestock pests and the dispersion of drugs in oil-based solutions for treating livestock diseases.

[0428] For example, the composition of an oil-based insecticide for livestock may contain 1-10% by weight of the insecticide as the active ingredient, 90-99% by weight of a carrier oil such as mineral oil or vegetable oil, and 1-5% by weight of a non-aqueous dispersant. The specific concentrations depend on the properties of the insecticide and oil, as well as the target application and type of livestock.

[0429] [Table 22]

[0430] Example 18: Sodium salts of hydrophobic-modified maleinated soybean oil can be used in seed coating to adhere the active ingredients to the seeds, allowing pesticides and other treatment agents to be delivered directly to the plants at germination. Non-aqueous binders can be mixed with the active ingredients and other necessary additives and applied to the seeds using a seed processing machine or appropriate apparatus.

[0431] [Table 23]

[0432] Example 19: Granular formulations are commonly used in agriculture for applying pesticides and other treatment agents to the soil. Sodium salts of hydrophobic-modified maleinated soybean oil can be used to bind active ingredients and other necessary additives into a granular form, making them suitable for application by broadcast spreaders or other appropriate equipment.

[0433] [Table 24]

[0434] Example 20: Sodium salts of hydrophobic-modified maleinated soybean oil can be used in sustained-release formulations to ensure that the active ingredient is released over a specific period, providing long-term protection to crops. Non-aqueous binders can be used to coat the active ingredient and necessary carriers, and can be applied directly to soil or plants using appropriate equipment.

[0435] [Table 25]

[0436] Example 21: Sodium salts of hydrophobic-modified maleinated soybean oil can be used for film coating to form a protective barrier around seeds and other plant materials. Non-aqueous binders coat the surface of seeds or plant materials, protecting them from pests and diseases while enabling seed germination and plant growth.

[0437] [Table 26]

[0438] While the compositions and methods of the disclosed and / or claimed inventive concepts are described in relation to specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the compositions and / or methods described herein, as well as to the steps or order of the steps, without departing from the concept, spirit, and scope of the disclosed and / or claimed inventive concepts. All such similar substitutes and modifications, which are apparent to those skilled in the art, shall be deemed to fall within the spirit, scope, and concept of the disclosed and / or claimed inventive concepts.

Claims

1. An agricultural composition comprising (a) a maleated natural oil having a maleating functional group, and (b) a reaction product of a base.

2. The agricultural composition according to claim 1, wherein the reaction product comprises a maleating functional group that reacts completely or partially with the base.

3. The agricultural composition according to claim 1, wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of inorganic bases, organic bases, and mixtures thereof.

4. The agricultural composition according to claim 3, wherein the inorganic base is selected from the group consisting of oxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, carbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, bicarbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, oxides of transition metals, hydroxides of transition metals, carbonates of transition metals, bicarbonates of transition metals, and combinations thereof.

5. The agricultural composition according to claim 3, wherein the organic base is selected from the group consisting of ammonia, primary amines, secondary amines, pyridine, imidazole, benzimidazole, histidine, guanidine, and mixtures thereof.

6. The agricultural composition according to claim 4, wherein the alkali metal is selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium, and mixtures thereof.

7. The agricultural composition according to claim 4, wherein the alkaline earth metal is selected from the group consisting of beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium, and mixtures thereof.

8. The agricultural composition according to claim 4, wherein the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, mercury, rutherfordium, dubnium, seaborgium, bohrium, hassium, meitnerium, dermstadtium, roentgenium, and mixtures thereof.

9. The agricultural composition according to claim 4, wherein the inorganic base is selected from the group consisting of sodium, calcium oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, and bicarbonates, and combinations thereof.

10. The agricultural composition according to claim 1, wherein the maleinated natural oil is selected from the group consisting of maleinated avocado oil, maleinated coconut oil, maleinated corn oil, maleinated cottonseed oil, maleinated jojoba oil, maleinated linseed oil, maleinated nut oil, maleinated olive oil, maleinated palm oil, maleinated raisin oil, maleinated rapeseed oil, maleinated safflower oil, maleinated sesame oil, maleinated soybean oil, maleinated pumpkin oil, maleinated sunflower oil, maleinated almond oil, maleinated canola oil, maleinated linseed oil, maleinated grapeseed oil, maleinated palm oil, maleinated palm kernel oil, maleinated peanut oil, maleinated walnut oil, maleinated chickpea oil, maleinated clary sage oil, and mixtures thereof.

11. The agricultural composition according to claim 1, wherein the maleized natural oil is maleized soybean oil.

12. The reaction product comprises a maleating functional group that reacts completely or partially with the base, and has the following structural group 【Chemistry 1-1】 【Chemistry 1-2】 [Chemistry 1-3] [Chemistry 1-4] The agricultural composition according to claim 1, comprising one or more structures selected from a group of structures, including combinations thereof.

13. The agricultural composition according to claim 1, further comprising one or more agricultural active ingredients and one or more additional ingredients.

14. The agricultural composition according to claim 13, wherein the aforementioned agricultural active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of fertilizers and pesticides selected from the group consisting of rodenticides, acaricides, algaecides, mollusk repellents, mite repellents, bird repellents, insecticides, herbicides, ovicidal agents, fungicidal agents, protozoalicidal agents, antibiotics, antibacterial agents, antiviral agents, antifungal agents, antiprotozoal agents, parasitic agents, and antimicrobial agents.

15. The agricultural composition according to claim 13, wherein the additional component is an auxiliary agent or an inert component.

16. The agricultural composition according to claim 15, wherein the auxiliary agent is selected from the group consisting of acidifying agents, buffering agents, defoaming agents, anti-foaming agents, evaporation inhibitors, dyes and fluorescent whitening agents, compatibilizers, crop oil concentrates, oily surfactants, adhesives, anti-scattering agents, foam markers, feeding stimulants, herbicide safety agents, spreading agents, spreading agents, adhesives, suspending agents, gelling agents, synergistic agents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, dispersants, penetrating agents, cleaning agents for tanks and equipment, neutralizing agents, water absorbents, water softeners, and mixtures thereof.

17. The agricultural composition according to claim 13, wherein the additional component is selected from the group consisting of solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants, compatibilizers, antifreezes, crystallization inhibitors, colorants, tackifiers, binders, preservatives, pH adjusters, clarifiers, stabilizers, ultraviolet stabilizers, and mixtures thereof.

18. The agricultural composition according to claim 1, wherein the agricultural composition is an auxiliary composition, a fertilizer composition, a nutritional composition, a plant strengthening composition, a seed coating composition, a soil improvement composition, a livestock composition, a granular composition, a sustained-release composition, a film coating composition, an ovicide, a rodenticide, an insecticide, acaricide, an algaecide, a mollusk control agent, a mite control agent, a bird repellent, a fungicide, a herbicide composition, a protozoan composition, an antibiotic composition, an antibacterial composition, an antiviral composition, an antifungal composition, an antiprotozoan composition, a parasite control composition, a wood preservative composition, an antimicrobial composition, or a soil yield-enhancing composition for plants.

19. The agricultural composition according to claim 1, wherein the agricultural composition is in the form of an aqueous or non-aqueous composition comprising a capsule suspension, an emulsifiable concentrate, a seed treatment emulsion, a concentrated aqueous emulsion, a microemulsion, a suspend emulsion, an oil-in-water emulsion, a fluid concentrate for seed treatment, an oil dispersion, a suspension concentrate, water-dispersible granules, or a hydrated powder.

20. The agricultural composition according to claim 1, wherein the agricultural composition is formulated in the form of a liquid, gel, paste, powder, granules, tablet, emulsion, or pellet.

21. The aforementioned agricultural composition is for external application to animals or plants. (A) A reaction product comprising approximately 0.01 to approximately 20.0% by weight, wherein (a) a maleated natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleating functional group and (b) a base, (B) One or more agricultural active ingredients in an amount of approximately 0.1 to approximately 90.0% by weight, (C) One or more additional components in an amount of approximately 1.0 to approximately 99.0% by weight, The agricultural composition according to claim 1, comprising a safe and effective amount of the above.

22. The aforementioned agricultural composition is (A) A reaction product comprising about 0.01 to about 20.0% by weight, wherein (a) maleized soybean oil comprising soybean oil having maleating functional groups, and (b) a base selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and mixtures thereof, (B) One or more agricultural active ingredients in an amount of approximately 0.1 to approximately 90.0% by weight, (C) One or more additional components in an amount of approximately 1.0 to approximately 99.0% by weight, The agricultural composition according to claim 1, comprising:

23. A vegetation treatment method comprising applying the agricultural composition described in claim 1 to a plant, plant leaves, flowers, leaves, stems, fruits, adjacent areas of a plant, soil, seeds, germinated seeds, roots, liquid and solid growing media, flowers, buds, or hydroponic solutions.

24. A method for treating an animal, comprising applying the agricultural composition described in claim 1 topically to a region of the animal's skin.

25. (A) Maleated natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleating functional group, (B) A base wherein the maleated functional group is partially reacted with the base, (C) A functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties, and combinations thereof, wherein the maleated functional group partially reacts with the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety, An agricultural composition comprising the reaction product of the following.

26. The agricultural composition according to claim 25, wherein the hydrophobic portion is an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, and aryl alcohol and amine, wherein the alcohol and amine is a portion selected from the group consisting of alcohols and amines containing about 6 to about 36 carbon atoms, unsubstituted or substituted polyols having or not having heteroatoms and potentially containing about 37 to about 60 carbon atoms, silicon compounds, and combinations thereof.

27. The agricultural composition according to claim 25, wherein the hydrophilic portion is an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl and aryl alcohol and amine, wherein the alcohol and amine contain about 1 to about 5 carbon atoms and may contain heteroatoms; or an unsubstituted or substituted polyol of an alcohol and amine, wherein the unsubstituted or substituted polyol contains about 2 to about 36 carbon atoms and may contain heteroatoms; or a portion selected from the group consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (mPEG), silane, and combinations thereof, containing 5 to 45 carbon atoms.

28. The agricultural composition according to claim 27, wherein the silane is functionalized with an alcohol, an amine, or a combination thereof.

29. The agricultural composition according to claim 26, wherein the hydrophobic portion is an alcohol portion selected from the group consisting of hexanol, heptanol, nonanol, decanol, dodecanol, phenol, ethylbenzyl alcohol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 2-butyl-1-octanol, 2-hexyl-1-decanol, 2-octyl-1-dodecyl alcohol, 2-tetradecanol, 2-hexadecanol, 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol, 2-propyl-1-pentanol, 4-methyl-1-pentanol, and mixtures thereof.

30. The agricultural composition according to claim 27, wherein the hydrophilic portion is an alcohol portion selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, and mixtures thereof.

31. The agricultural composition according to claim 27, wherein the hydrophilic portion is a portion of a polyol selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, hexylene glycol, sorbitol, neopentyl glycol, erythritol, mannitol, xylitol, sreitol, pentaerythritol, β-cyclodextrin, ribose, 2-deoxy-D-galactose, D-glucosamine, D-mannosamine, D-galactosamine, N-methyl-D-glucosamine, and mixtures thereof.

32. The agricultural composition according to claim 26, wherein the hydrophobic portion is an amine portion selected from the group consisting of benzylamine, cyclohexylamine, hexylamine, methylhexylamine, phenethylamine, octylamine, oleylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine, undecylamine, pentadecylamine, and mixtures thereof.

33. The agricultural composition according to claim 27, wherein the hydrophilic portion is an amine portion selected from the group consisting of 2-methylpentan-1,5-diamine, diethanolamine, selinol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, dimethylamine, 2-methylbutylamine, 3-amino-1-propanol, their hydrochlorides, their ammonium salts, and mixtures thereof.

34. The agricultural composition according to claim 26, wherein the silicon-based compound is a hydrophobic compound selected from the group consisting of aminopropylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane, N-ethylaminoisobutyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, poly(1,1-dimethylsilazane) telomer, aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, monoaminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, (tetramethylpiperidinyloxy)propylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer, polydimethylsiloxane, carbinol(hydroxyl)-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, monocarbinol-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, monocarbinol-terminated functionalized polydimethylsiloxane, [bis(hydroxyethyl)amine]-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, silanol-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, silanol-terminated polydiphenylsiloxane, dodecylmethylsiloxane-hydroxypolyalkyleneoxypropylmethylsiloxane, and mixtures thereof.

35. The agricultural composition according to claim 27, wherein the silane is a hydrophilic compound selected from the group consisting of 3-aminopropylsilanetriol, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylsilanetriol, and mixtures thereof.

36. The agricultural composition according to claim 25, wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of inorganic bases, organic bases, and mixtures thereof.

37. The agricultural composition according to claim 36, wherein the inorganic base is selected from the group consisting of oxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, carbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, bicarbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, oxides of transition metals, hydroxides of transition metals, carbonates of transition metals, bicarbonates of transition metals, and combinations thereof.

38. The agricultural composition according to claim 36, wherein the organic base is selected from the group consisting of ammonia, primary amines, secondary amines, pyridine, imidazole, benzimidazole, histidine, guanidine, and mixtures thereof.

39. The agricultural composition according to claim 37, wherein the alkali metal is selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium, and mixtures thereof.

40. The agricultural composition according to claim 37, wherein the alkaline earth metal is selected from the group consisting of beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium, and mixtures thereof.

41. The agricultural composition according to claim 37, wherein the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, mercury, rutherfordium, dubnium, seaborgium, bohrium, hassium, meitnerium, dermstadtium, roentgenium, and mixtures thereof.

42. The agricultural composition according to claim 37, wherein the inorganic base is selected from the group consisting of sodium, calcium oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, and bicarbonates, and combinations thereof.

43. The agricultural composition according to claim 25, wherein the maleinated natural oil is selected from the group consisting of maleinated avocado oil, maleinated coconut oil, maleinated corn oil, maleinated cottonseed oil, maleinated jojoba oil, maleinated linseed oil, maleinated nut oil, maleinated olive oil, maleinated palm oil, maleinated raisin oil, maleinated rapeseed oil, maleinated safflower oil, maleinated sesame oil, maleinated soybean oil, maleinated pumpkin oil, maleinated sunflower oil, maleinated almond oil, maleinated canola oil, maleinated linseed oil, maleinated grapeseed oil, maleinated palm oil, maleinated palm kernel oil, maleinated peanut oil, maleinated walnut oil, maleinated chickpea oil, maleinated clary sage oil, and mixtures thereof.

44. The agricultural composition according to claim 25, wherein the maleized natural oil is maleized soybean oil.

45. The reaction products are of the following structural group 【Chemistry 2-1】 【Chemistry 2-2】 [Chemistry 2-3] The agricultural composition according to claim 25, comprising one or more structures selected from and combinations thereof, wherein R is ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhex-1-yl, 2-butylocto-1-yl, 2-hexyldec-1-yl, 2-octyldodeck-1-yl, or a mixture thereof.

46. The agricultural composition according to claim 25, further comprising one or more agricultural active ingredients and one or more additional ingredients.

47. The agricultural composition according to claim 46, wherein the aforementioned agricultural active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of fertilizers and pesticides selected from the group consisting of rodenticides, acaricides, algicides, mollusk repellents, mite repellents, bird repellents, insecticides, herbicides, ovicidal agents, fungicides, disinfectants, antibiotics, antibacterial agents, antiviral agents, antifungal agents, antiprotozoal agents, parasitic agents, and antimicrobial agents.

48. The agricultural composition according to claim 46, wherein the additional component is an auxiliary agent or an inert component.

49. The agricultural composition according to claim 48, wherein the auxiliary agent is selected from the group consisting of acidifying agents, buffering agents, defoaming agents, anti-foaming agents, evaporation inhibitors, dyes and fluorescent whitening agents, compatibilizers, crop oil concentrates, oily surfactants, adhesives, anti-scattering agents, foam markers, feeding stimulants, herbicide safety agents, spreading agents, spreading agents, adhesives, suspending agents, gelling agents, synergistic agents, wetting agents, emulsifiers, dispersants, penetrating agents, cleaning agents for tanks and equipment, neutralizing agents, water absorbents, water softeners, and mixtures thereof.

50. The agricultural composition according to claim 48, wherein the additional components are selected from the group consisting of solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants, compatibilizers, bactericidal agents, antifreeze agents, crystallization inhibitors, colorants, tackifiers, binders, preservatives, pH adjusters, clarifiers, stabilizers, ultraviolet stabilizers, and mixtures thereof.

51. The agricultural composition according to claim 25, wherein the agricultural composition is an auxiliary composition, a fertilizer composition, a nutritional composition, a plant strengthening composition, a seed coating composition, a soil improvement composition, a livestock composition, a granular composition, a sustained-release composition, a film coating composition, an ovicide, a rodenticide, an insecticide, acaricide, an algaecide, a mollusk control agent, a mite control agent, a bird repellent, a fungicide, a herbicide composition, a protozoan composition, an antibiotic composition, an antibacterial composition, an antiviral composition, an antifungal composition, an antiprotozoan composition, a parasite control composition, a wood preservative composition, an antimicrobial composition, or a soil yield-enhancing composition for plants.

52. The agricultural composition according to claim 25, wherein the agricultural composition is in the form of an aqueous or non-aqueous composition comprising a capsule suspension, an emulsifiable concentrate, a seed treatment emulsion, a concentrated aqueous emulsion, a microemulsion, a suspend emulsion, an oil-in-water emulsion, a fluid concentrate for seed treatment, an oil dispersion, a suspension concentrate, water-dispersible granules, or a hydrated powder.

53. The agricultural composition according to claim 25, wherein the agricultural composition is formulated in the form of a liquid, gel, paste, powder, granules, tablet, emulsion, or pellet.

54. The aforementioned agricultural composition is for external application to animals or plants. (A) A reaction product in an amount of approximately 0.01 to approximately 20.0% by weight, (a) Maleated natural oil and (b) A base wherein the maleated functional group is partially reacted with the base, (c) A functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of a hydrophobic moiety, a hydrophilic moiety, and a combination thereof, wherein the maleic functional group is partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety, and the reaction product of the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety, (B) One or more agricultural active ingredients in an amount of approximately 1.0 to approximately 90.0% by weight, (C) One or more additional components in an amount of approximately 1.0 to approximately 99.0% by weight, The agricultural composition according to claim 25, comprising a safe and effective amount of the above.

55. The aforementioned agricultural composition is (A) A reaction product in an amount of approximately 0.01 to approximately 20.0% by weight, (a) Maleated natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleating functional group, (b) A base selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and mixtures thereof, wherein the maleating functional group is partially reacted with the base, (c) A functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety of an alcohol or polyol selected from the group consisting of ethanol, butanol, hexanol, octanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 2-butyl-1-octanol, 2-hexyl-1-decanol, 2-octyl-1-dodecanol, glycerol, castor oil and combinations thereof, wherein the maleated functional group is partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety of the alcohol or polyol, (B) One or more agricultural active ingredients in an amount of approximately 1.0 to approximately 90.0% by weight, (C) One or more additional components in an amount of approximately 1.0 to approximately 99.0% by weight, The agricultural composition according to claim 25, comprising the following:

56. A vegetation treatment method comprising applying the agricultural composition described in claim 25 to a plant, plant leaves, flowers, leaves, stems, fruits, adjacent areas of a plant, soil, seeds, germinated seeds, roots, liquid and solid growing media, flowers, buds, or hydroponic solutions.

57. A method for treating an animal, comprising applying the agricultural composition described in claim 25 topically to a region of the animal's skin.

58. (A) Maleated natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleating functional group, (B) A functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties, and combinations thereof, wherein the maleated functional group is partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety, (C) base and, A composition comprising the reaction product of the following.

59. The reaction product has the following structural formula 【Transformation 3】 The compound comprises, R is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and alkaryl moieties containing approximately 1 to approximately 36 carbon atoms. Each Q is independently selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, 1 / 2Mg, 1 / 2Ca, 1 / 2Co, 1 / 2Cu, 1 / 2Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, and tetraalkylammonium. The composition according to claim 58.

60. The reaction product has the following structural formula 【Chemistry 4】 It is a polymer that has the following characteristics: n is greater than 1, R is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and alkaryl moieties, which may or may not have heteroatoms and contain about 1 to about 36 carbon atoms. R ４ This is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkylene, cycloalkylene, alkenylene, allylene, and alkalilene moieties, which may or may not have heteroatoms and contain about 2 to about 60 carbon atoms. The composition according to claim 58, wherein each Q is independently selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, 1 / 2Mg, 1 / 2Ca, 1 / 2Co, 1 / 2Cu, 1 / 2Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, and tetraalkylammonium.

61. The reaction products are of the following structural group 【Transformation 5】 It comprises one or more structural formulas selected from, R is ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhex-1-yl, 2-butylocto-1-yl, 2-hexyldec-1-yl, 2-octyldodeck-1-yl, or a mixture thereof. R １ , R ２ and R ３ The composition according to claim 59, wherein each is independently a hydrogen atom, a methyl atom, or an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group containing 2 to 18 carbon atoms and optionally a heteroatom.

62. The reaction products described above have the following structural group 【Transformation 6】 A polymer having one or more of the following structures: 1 < n < 30, and R is ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhex-1-yl, 2-butylocto-1-yl, 2-hexyldec-1-yl, 2-octyldodeck-1-yl, or a mixture thereof. １ , R ２ and R ３ Each of these is independently an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group containing hydrogen, methyl, or 2 to 18 carbon atoms, and optionally containing a heteroatom. R ４ teeth, 【Transformation 7】 or a mixture thereof The composition is as described in claim 60.

63. The composition according to claim 60, wherein the reaction product is a polymer having a weight-average molecular weight of about 3,000 daltons to about 20,000 daltons and a weight-average degree of polymerization n of about 3 to about 20.

64. The composition according to claim 60, wherein the reaction product is a polymer having a viscosity in the range of about 100 to 10,000 cps as measured by a Brookfield viscometer at 25°C.

65. The composition according to claim 58, wherein the hydrophobic portion is an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl and aryl alcohol and amine, wherein the alcohol and amine contain about 6 to about 36 carbon atoms and may contain heteroatoms; the portion is selected from the group consisting of alcohols and amines, unsubstituted or substituted polyols containing about 37 to about 60 carbon atoms with or without heteroatoms, silicon compounds, and combinations thereof.

66. The composition according to claim 58, wherein the hydrophilic portion is an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl and aryl alcohol and amine, wherein the alcohol and amine contain about 1 to about 5 carbon atoms and may contain heteroatoms; or an unsubstituted or substituted polyol of an alcohol and amine, wherein the unsubstituted or substituted polyol contains about 2 to about 36 carbon atoms and may contain heteroatoms; or a portion selected from the group consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (mPEG), silane, and combinations thereof, containing 5 to 45 carbon atoms.

67. The composition according to claim 66, wherein the silane is functionalized with an alcohol, an amine, or a combination thereof.

68. The composition according to claim 65, wherein the hydrophobic portion is an alcohol portion selected from the group consisting of hexanol, heptanol, nonanol, decanol, dodecanol, phenol, ethylbenzyl alcohol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 2-butyl-1-octanol, 2-hexyl-1-decanol, 2-octyl-1-dodecyl alcohol, 2-tetradecanol, 2-hexadecanol, 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol, 2-propyl-1-pentanol, 4-methyl-1-pentanol, and mixtures thereof.

69. The composition according to claim 66, wherein the hydrophilic portion is an alcohol portion selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, and mixtures thereof.

70. The composition according to claim 66, wherein the hydrophilic portion is a portion of a polyol selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, hexylene glycol, sorbitol, neopentyl glycol, erythritol, mannitol, xylitol, sreitol, pentaerythritol, β-cyclodextrin, ribose, 2-deoxy-D-galactose, D-glucosamine, D-mannosamine, D-galactosamine, N-methyl-D-glucosamine, and mixtures thereof.

71. The composition according to claim 65, wherein the hydrophobic portion is an amine portion selected from the group consisting of benzylamine, cyclohexylamine, hexylamine, methylhexylamine, phenethylamine, octylamine, oleylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine, undecylamine, pentadecylamine, and mixtures thereof.

72. The composition according to claim 66, wherein the hydrophilic portion is an amine portion selected from the group consisting of 2-methylpentane-1,5-diamine, diethanolamine, selinol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, dimethylamine, 2-methylbutylamine, 3-amino-1-propanol, their hydrochloride salts, their ammonium salts, and mixtures thereof.

73. The composition according to claim 65, wherein the silicon-based compound is a hydrophobic compound selected from the group consisting of aminopropylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane, N-ethylaminoisobutyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, poly(1,1-dimethylsilazane) telomer, aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, monoaminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, (tetramethylpiperidinyloxy)propylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer, polydimethylsiloxane, carbinol(hydroxyl)-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, monocarbinol-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, monocarbinol-terminated functionalized polydimethylsiloxane, [bis(hydroxyethyl)amine]-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, silanol-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, silanol-terminated polydiphenylsiloxane, dodecylmethylsiloxane-hydroxypolyalkyleneoxypropylmethylsiloxane, and mixtures thereof.

74. The composition according to claim 66, wherein the silane is a hydrophilic compound selected from the group consisting of 3-aminopropylsilanetriol, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylsilanetriol, and mixtures thereof.

75. The composition according to claim 58, wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of inorganic bases, organic bases, and mixtures thereof.

76. The composition according to claim 75, wherein the inorganic base is selected from the group consisting of oxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, carbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, bicarbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, oxides of transition metals, hydroxides of transition metals, carbonates of transition metals, bicarbonates of transition metals, and combinations thereof.

77. The composition according to claim 76, wherein the alkali metal is selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium, and mixtures thereof.

78. The composition according to claim 76, wherein the alkaline earth metal is selected from the group consisting of beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium, and mixtures thereof.

79. The composition according to claim 76, wherein the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, mercury, rutherfordium, dubnium, seaborgium, bohrium, hassium, meitnerium, dermstadtium, roentgenium, and mixtures thereof.

80. The composition according to claim 76, wherein the inorganic base is selected from the group consisting of sodium, calcium oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, and bicarbonates, and combinations thereof.

81. The composition according to claim 58, wherein the maleinated natural oil is selected from the group consisting of maleinated avocado oil, maleinated coconut oil, maleinated corn oil, maleinated cottonseed oil, maleinated jojoba oil, maleinated linseed oil, maleinated nut oil, maleinated olive oil, maleinated palm oil, maleinated raisin oil, maleinated rapeseed oil, maleinated safflower oil, maleinated sesame oil, maleinated soybean oil, maleinated pumpkin oil, maleinated sunflower oil, maleinated almond oil, maleinated canola oil, maleinated linseed oil, maleinated grapeseed oil, maleinated palm oil, maleinated palm kernel oil, maleinated peanut oil, maleinated walnut oil, maleinated chickpea oil, maleinated clary sage oil, and mixtures thereof.

82. The composition according to claim 58, wherein the maleized natural oil is maleized soybean oil.

83. The composition according to claim 58, wherein the composition is selected from the group consisting of skincare compositions, oral care compositions, haircare compositions, energy compositions, lithium-ion battery compositions, building compositions, antibacterial compositions, preservative compositions, nutritional supplement compositions, food compositions, agricultural compositions, coating compositions, ink compositions, cosmetic compositions, home care compositions, industrial and commercial compositions, metalworking compositions, fiber compositions, laundry compositions, cleaning compositions, and disinfectant compositions.

84. (A) Maleated natural oil comprising a natural oil having a maleating functional group, (B) A functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties, and combinations thereof, wherein the maleated functional group is partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety, (C) base and, An agricultural composition comprising the reaction product of the following.

85. The reaction product has the following structural formula 【Transformation 8】 The compound comprises, R is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and alkaryl moieties containing approximately 1 to approximately 36 carbon atoms. Each Q is independently selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, 1 / 2Mg, 1 / 2Ca, 1 / 2Co, 1 / 2Cu, 1 / 2Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, and tetraalkylammonium. The agricultural composition according to claim 84.

86. The reaction product has the following structural formula 【Chemistry 9】 It is a polymer that has the following characteristics: n is greater than 1, R is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, and alkaryl moieties, which may or may not have heteroatoms and contain about 1 to about 36 carbon atoms. R ４ is one or more hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkylene, cycloalkylene, alkenylene, arylene and alkarylene moieties, having or not having heteroatoms and containing from about 2 to about 60 carbon atoms, The agricultural composition according to claim 84, wherein each Q is independently selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, 1 / 2 Mg, 1 / 2 Ca, 1 / 2 Co, 1 / 2 Cu, 1 / 2 Zn, ammonium, alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium, and tetraalkylammonium.

87. The reaction products are of the following structural group 【Chemistry 10】 It comprises one or more structural formulas selected from, R is ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhex-1-yl, 2-butylocto-1-yl, 2-hexyldec-1-yl, 2-octyldodeck-1-yl, or a mixture thereof. R １ , R ２ and R ３ The agricultural composition according to claim 85, wherein each is independently a hydrogen atom, a methyl atom, or an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group containing 2 to 18 carbon atoms and optionally a heteroatom.

88. The reaction products described above have the following structural group 【Chemistry 11】 A polymer having one or more of the following structures: 1 < n < 30, and R is ethyl, butyl, hexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhex-1-yl, 2-butylocto-1-yl, 2-hexyldec-1-yl, 2-octyldodeck-1-yl, or a mixture thereof. １ , R ２ and R ３ Each of these is independently an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group containing hydrogen, methyl, or 2 to 18 carbon atoms, and optionally containing a heteroatom. R ４ teeth, 【Chemistry 12】 or a mixture thereof The agricultural composition is as described in claim 86.

89. The agricultural composition according to claim 86, wherein the reaction product is a polymer having a weight-average molecular weight of about 3,000 daltons to about 20,000 daltons and a weight-average degree of polymerization n of about 3 to about 20.

90. The agricultural composition according to claim 86, wherein the reaction product is a polymer having a viscosity in the range of about 100 to 10,000 cps as measured by a Brookfield viscometer at 25°C.

91. The agricultural composition according to claim 84, wherein the hydrophobic portion is an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl and aryl alcohol and amine, wherein the alcohol and amine contain about 6 to about 36 carbon atoms and may contain heteroatoms, an unsubstituted or substituted polyol containing about 37 to about 60 carbon atoms with or without heteroatoms, a silicon compound and a combination thereof.

92. The agricultural composition according to claim 84, wherein the hydrophilic portion is an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl and aryl alcohol and amine, wherein the alcohol and amine contain about 1 to about 5 carbon atoms and may contain heteroatoms; or an unsubstituted or substituted polyol of an alcohol and amine, wherein the unsubstituted or substituted polyol contains about 2 to about 36 carbon atoms and may contain heteroatoms; or a portion selected from the group consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (mPEG), silane, and combinations thereof, containing 5 to 45 carbon atoms.

93. The agricultural composition according to claim 92, wherein the silane is functionalized with an alcohol, an amine, or a combination thereof.

94. The agricultural composition according to claim 91, wherein the hydrophobic portion is an alcohol portion selected from the group consisting of hexanol, heptanol, nonanol, decanol, dodecanol, phenol, ethylbenzyl alcohol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 2-butyl-1-octanol, 2-hexyl-1-decanol, 2-octyl-1-dodecyl alcohol, 2-tetradecanol, 2-hexadecanol, 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol, 2-propyl-1-pentanol, 4-methyl-1-pentanol, and mixtures thereof.

95. The agricultural composition according to claim 92, wherein the hydrophilic portion is an alcohol portion selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, and mixtures thereof.

96. The agricultural composition according to claim 92, wherein the hydrophilic portion is a portion of a polyol selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, hexylene glycol, sorbitol, neopentyl glycol, erythritol, mannitol, xylitol, sreitol, pentaerythritol, β-cyclodextrin, ribose, 2-deoxy-D-galactose, D-glucosamine, D-mannosamine, D-galactosamine, N-methyl-D-glucosamine, and mixtures thereof.

97. The agricultural composition according to claim 91, wherein the hydrophobic portion is an amine portion selected from the group consisting of benzylamine, cyclohexylamine, hexylamine, methylhexylamine, phenethylamine, octylamine, oleylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine, undecylamine, pentadecylamine, and mixtures thereof.

98. The agricultural composition according to claim 92, wherein the hydrophilic portion is an amine portion selected from the group consisting of 2-methylpentane-1,5-diamine, diethanolamine, selinol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol, dimethylamine, 2-methylbutylamine, 3-amino-1-propanol, their hydrochlorides, their ammonium salts, and mixtures thereof.

99. The agricultural composition according to claim 91, wherein the silicon-based compound is a hydrophobic compound selected from the group consisting of aminopropylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane, N-ethylaminoisobutyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, poly(1,1-dimethylsilazane) telomer, aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, monoaminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, (tetramethylpiperidinyloxy)propylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer, polydimethylsiloxane, carbinol(hydroxyl)-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, monocarbinol-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, monocarbinol-terminated functionalized polydimethylsiloxane, [bis(hydroxyethyl)amine]-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, silanol-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, silanol-terminated polydiphenylsiloxane, dodecylmethylsiloxane-hydroxypolyalkyleneoxypropylmethylsiloxane, and mixtures thereof.

100. The agricultural composition according to claim 92, wherein the silane is a hydrophilic compound selected from the group consisting of 3-aminopropylsilanetriol, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylsilanetriol, and mixtures thereof.

101. The agricultural composition according to claim 84, wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of inorganic bases, organic bases, and mixtures thereof.

102. The agricultural composition according to claim 101, wherein the inorganic base is selected from the group consisting of oxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, carbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, bicarbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, oxides of transition metals, hydroxides of transition metals, carbonates of transition metals, bicarbonates of transition metals, and combinations thereof.

103. The agricultural composition according to claim 101, wherein the organic base is selected from the group consisting of ammonia, primary amines, secondary amines, pyridine, imidazole, benzimidazole, histidine, guanidine, and mixtures thereof.

104. The agricultural composition according to claim 102, wherein the alkali metal is selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium, and mixtures thereof.

105. The agricultural composition according to claim 102, wherein the alkaline earth metal is selected from the group consisting of beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium, and mixtures thereof.

106. The agricultural composition according to claim 102, wherein the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, mercury, rutherfordium, dubnium, seaborgium, bohrium, hassium, meitnerium, dermstadtium, roentgenium, and mixtures thereof.

107. The agricultural composition according to claim 102, wherein the inorganic base is selected from the group consisting of sodium, calcium oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, and bicarbonates, and combinations thereof.

108. The agricultural composition according to claim 84, wherein the maleinated natural oil is selected from the group consisting of maleinated avocado oil, maleinated coconut oil, maleinated corn oil, maleinated cottonseed oil, maleinated jojoba oil, maleinated linseed oil, maleinated nut oil, maleinated olive oil, maleinated palm oil, maleinated raisin oil, maleinated rapeseed oil, maleinated safflower oil, maleinated sesame oil, maleinated soybean oil, maleinated pumpkin oil, maleinated sunflower oil, maleinated almond oil, maleinated canola oil, maleinated linseed oil, maleinated grapeseed oil, maleinated palm oil, maleinated palm kernel oil, maleinated peanut oil, maleinated walnut oil, maleinated chickpea oil, maleinated clary sage oil, and mixtures thereof.

109. The agricultural composition according to claim 84, wherein the maleized natural oil is maleized soybean oil.

110. The agricultural composition according to claim 84, further comprising one or more agricultural active ingredients and one or more additional ingredients.

111. The agricultural composition according to claim 110, wherein the agricultural active ingredient is selected from fertilizers and pesticides selected from the group consisting of rodenticides, acaricides, algaecides, mollusk repellents, mite repellents, bird repellents, insecticides, herbicides, ovicidal agents, fungicidal agents, protozoalciferates, antibiotics, antibacterial agents, antiviral agents, antifungal agents, antiprotozoal agents, antiparasitic agents, and antimicrobial agents.

112. The agricultural composition according to claim 110, wherein the additional component is an auxiliary agent or an inert component.

113. The agricultural composition according to claim 112, wherein the auxiliary agent is selected from the group consisting of acidifying agents, buffering agents, defoaming agents, antifoaming agents, evaporation inhibitors, dyes and fluorescent whitening agents, compatibilizers, crop oil concentrates, oily surfactants, adhesives, drift reducers, foam markers, feeding stimulants, herbicide safety agents, spreading agents, spreading agents, adhesives, suspending agents, gelling agents, synergists, wetting agents, emulsifiers, dispersants, penetrating agents, tank and equipment cleaning agents, neutralizing agents, water absorbents, water softeners, and mixtures thereof.

114. The agricultural composition according to claim 112, wherein the additional components are selected from the group consisting of solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants, compatibilizers, antifreezes, crystallization inhibitors, colorants, tackifiers, binders, preservatives, pH adjusters, clarifiers, stabilizers, ultraviolet stabilizers, and mixtures thereof.

115. The agricultural composition according to claim 84, wherein the agricultural composition is an auxiliary composition, a fertilizer composition, a nutritional composition, a plant strengthening composition, a seed coating composition, a soil improvement composition, a livestock composition, a granular composition, a sustained-release composition, a film coating composition, an ovicide, a rodenticide, an insecticide, acaricide, an algaecide, a mollusk control agent, a mite control agent, a bird repellent, a fungicide, and a herbicide composition, a protozoan composition, an antibiotic composition, an antibacterial composition, an antiviral composition, an antifungal composition, an antiprotozoan composition, a wood preservative composition, an antimicrobial composition, or a soil yield-enhancing composition for plants.

116. The agricultural composition according to claim 84, wherein the agricultural composition is in the form of an aqueous or non-aqueous composition comprising a capsule suspension, an emulsifiable concentrate, a seed treatment emulsion, a concentrated aqueous emulsion, a microemulsion, a suspend emulsion, an oil-in-water emulsion, a fluid concentrate for seed treatment, an oil dispersion, a suspension concentrate, water-dispersible granules, or a hydrated powder.

117. The agricultural composition according to claim 84, wherein the agricultural composition is formulated in the form of a liquid, gel, paste, powder, granules, tablet, emulsion, or pellet.

118. (A) Approximately 0.01 to approximately 20.0% by weight of the reaction product of claim 84, (B) One or more agricultural active ingredients in an amount of approximately 1.0 to approximately 90.0% by weight, (C) One or more additional components in an amount of approximately 1.0 to approximately 99.0% by weight, An agricultural composition for topical application to animals or plants, comprising a safe and effective amount.

119. A vegetation treatment method comprising applying the agricultural composition described in claim 84 to a plant, plant leaves, flowers, leaves, stems, fruits, adjacent areas of a plant, soil, seeds, germinated seeds, roots, liquid and solid growing media, flowers, buds, or hydroponic solutions.

120. A method for treating an animal, comprising applying the agricultural composition described in claim 84 topically to a part of the animal's skin.

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