Reusable low-shock retention and release device

Abstract

The device 1,1',1'' for holding and releasing a bar 2,2' comprises a clamping part 3,3', a holding and release part 4, and at least one loosening part 5,5'. The holding and release part 4 comprises a plurality of segments 41,42,43,44,41',42',43',44',41'',42''. Each has a first bearing surface 71,72 configured to abut a portion of the bar 2 when in a holding configuration under the influence of a clamping pressure generated by the clamping part 3,3'. The plurality of segments have second bearing surfaces 8,8' configured to abut one end of the at least one loosening part 5,5'. The at least one loosening part 5,5' is made from a first single-acting shape memory material. Each end of the at least one loosening part 5,5' exerts a loosening pressure that compensates for the clamping pressure to place the holding and release part 4 in a configuration in which a portion of the arm 2,2' is released.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of low impact retention and release components. [Background technology]

[0002] It is known to hold an accessory assembled or connected to another device by using a stacked tie rod, at least one end of which is clamped between at least two clamping parts that are integral with the accessory or other device and are configured to clamp the ends of the tie rod so as to ensure an assembly connection between the accessory and the other device. It is also known to release the stacked tie rod by loosening the clamping parts using pyrotechnic or non-pyrotechnic means. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] The disadvantage of these devices for holding and releasing the stacking tie rods is, on the one hand, that they generate shocks during the release of the stacking tie rods, and, on the other hand, especially in the case of the use of pyrotechnic means, that they cannot be reset "in the field", in other words they cannot be reused without dismantling. Finally, the size of the existing devices is not suitable for all needs, especially those related to nanosatellites.

[0004] The object of the present invention is therefore to propose a solution to all or part of these problems. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] To this end, the present invention relates to a reusable device for holding and releasing a transmission bar, the device comprising a clamping part, a holding and releasing part and at least one loosening part, the holding and releasing part comprising a plurality of segments, at least two of the plurality of segments each comprising a first bearing surface configured to abut against a portion of the transmission bar, the portion of the transmission bar being configured such that the plurality of segments are pressed and / or supported between said first bearing surfaces of the at least two segments under the effect of a clamping pressure generated by the clamping part, and at least two other segments of the plurality of segments each comprising a first bearing surface configured to abut against a portion of the transmission bar, the portion of the transmission bar being pressed and / or supported between said first bearing surfaces of the at least two segments under the effect of a clamping pressure generated by the clamping part, The at least one loose part has a second bearing surface configured to abut one end of the at least one loose part, and each segment of the at least two other segments can also be a segment of the at least two segments, and the at least one loose part is configured such that from a transition temperature made from a first single-action shape memory material, each end of the at least one loose part applies a loosening pressure to the second bearing surface of each segment of the at least two other segments, the loosening pressure compensating for the clamping pressure generated by the clamping part and deforming the clamping part to place the multiple segments of the retention and release part in a released configuration in which a portion of the transmission bar is released.

[0006] According to one embodiment, the present invention includes one or more of the following features, either alone or in any technically acceptable combination.

[0007] According to one embodiment, the deformation of the clamping parts is plastic deformation, the clamping parts are made of a second material that can plastically deform to generate the clamping pressure required to hold the plurality of segments, and the clamping pressure generated by the clamping parts is determined to be compensable by a loosening pressure applied in an opposite direction by at least one loosening part, so that the plurality of segments assume a released configuration, and the plastic deformation is applied to a second portion of the surface of each segment of the plurality of segments under the influence of pressure when the temperature of the first material of the loosening part is raised from the transition temperature.

[0008] According to this embodiment, the second material is a conventional material that can be plastically deformed, i.e. the deformation of which can exceed an elastic threshold and be irreversible, such as aluminium, or steel.

[0009] According to these configurations, the device is configured to switch from a holding configuration to a release configuration of the stacked tie rods without being subjected to shock, e.g., pyrotechnic or elastic shock. Only manual resetting of the device is possible by replacing the clamping parts that have been irreversibly plastically deformed, which then requires disassembly of the device.

[0010] According to one embodiment, the deformation of the clamping part is an elastic deformation of a second material of the clamping part configured to resume the first shape after undergoing said elastic deformation.

[0011] According to one embodiment, the second material is a material that is not only elastic but also superelastic, i.e. the elongation of the reversible deformation of the second material is much greater than the elongation of a material that is merely elastic.

[0012] In these configurations, the deformation of the elastic or superelastic material is reversible, unlike embodiments in which the second material is a material that can be plastically deformed.

[0013] According to one embodiment, the second superelastic material can be a superelastic shape memory material.

[0014] With these configurations, the elongation of the reversible deformation can be much greater than with non-shape memory superelastic materials.

[0015] According to one embodiment, the second superelastic shape memory material may be selected from the following non-exhaustive list of materials: NiTiCu, CuAlNi, CuAlBe, CuZnAl, FeMnAlNi.

[0016] According to these configurations, the device is configured to alternately hold or release the ends of the transmission bar, and in particular is configured to switch from a release configuration to a holding configuration; in other words, the device is reversible, i.e., resettable "in the field", without manual intervention.

[0017] With these configurations, the tightening component assists in returning the at least one loose component to its original shape.

[0018] According to one embodiment, the clamping and loosening parts are integrated into the same so-called clamping and loosening part, which can then perform two functions (clamping at low temperature and loosening at high temperature). The material of the clamping and loosening part is then a two-way shape memory material, which allows the part to return to its initial shape at low temperature without assistance.

[0019] According to one embodiment, the clamping part comprises at least one longitudinal part and the holding and releasing part comprises a first part comprising two segments and a second part comprising two other segments of the plurality of segments, the at least one longitudinal part being integrally attached by each end of the at least one longitudinal part to one of the two segments of the first part and to one of the other two segments of the second part, respectively.

[0020] According to one embodiment, the at least one loose part extends in the longitudinal direction and is arranged parallel to the at least one longitudinal part of the clamping part.

[0021] According to one embodiment, the clamping part comprises two longitudinal parts and the device comprises two longitudinal slack parts, each arranged parallel to one of the two longitudinal parts.

[0022] According to one embodiment, the two segments of the first part form a single piece.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the two segments of the second part form a single other part.

[0024] According to one embodiment, the clamping piece is in the form of a hollow cylinder around a number of segments.

[0025] According to one embodiment, the third bearing surfaces of at least two of the plurality of segments are configured to abut against an inner surface of a hollow cylinder formed by the clamping piece.

[0026] According to one embodiment, when the plurality of segments are in the retained configuration, the first bearing surface of each of at least two of the segments assumes a threaded cylindrical bearing shape. According to these configurations, the threads are configured to receive complementary threads from an end of the transfer bar, and the transfer bar can be screwed into the device in the retained configuration and released without unscrewing.

[0027] According to one embodiment, when the plurality of segments is in the holding configuration, the first bearing surface of each segment of at least two segments assumes a conical bearing shape.

[0028] According to one embodiment, the bearing shape may be, for example, in the form of a cone, a sphere, or a chute.

[0029] According to these configurations, the bearing shape can define a partial release configuration that allows to receive a portion of the transmission bar, for example said portion having a complementary shape, for example a conical or spherical shape, so that the load tension of the transmission bar is reduced. This configuration is particularly advantageous to reduce the preload that is generally attached to the stacking columns or the bearings. For the bearings, it can be advantageous to relieve this preload after the launch phase of the spacecraft with the parts fixed through the transmission bar, during which the preload must be kept high to pass the vibrations without clearance, while it is preferable to reduce this load during the subsequent phases of the bearing life in order to reduce the internal stresses, reduce the friction torque and therefore extend the service life and allow a lighter motorization to rotate the bearing. In the case of the stacking columns, this allows to reduce the elastic energy stored in order to reduce the shocks that occur during the sudden release of the stacking tie rods.

[0030] The present invention also relates to a tension retention system comprising an apparatus according to any of the embodiments of the present invention described above, the transmission bar being a tie rod tensioned along an axis of the transmission bar when the retention and release components are in a retention configuration.

[0031] The present invention also relates to a rotational retention system comprising an apparatus according to any of the above-mentioned embodiments, the transmission bar being movable to rotate about an axis of the transmission bar between a first angular position and a second angular position when the retention and release components are in a released configuration.

[0032] According to these configurations, the rotating holding system can act as a stacking point by heating the loose parts for the deployment of accessories, e.g. solar panels motorized using auxiliary springs, when the holding and release parts are in the holding configuration during vibrations during the phase of starting the vehicle, before entering the release configuration, and then lock into the deployed position at the end of deployment, the transmission bar being tight again between the segments of the holding and release parts after cooling of the loose parts.

[0033] According to one embodiment, the clamping part comprises at least one spring or at least one set of elastic washers, which are compressed between a face of a segment of the retaining and release part and a face of another segment of the retaining and release part, said segment of the retaining and release part being received in a cavity formed in said another segment of the retaining and release part.

[0034] For a proper understanding thereof, embodiments and / or examples of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show, by way of non-limiting examples, embodiments or implementations, respectively, of an apparatus and / or method according to the invention, in which the same reference numbers indicate similar parts or parts with similar functions. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0035] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention in a closed configuration (stacked). [Diagram 2] 2 is another perspective view of the device according to the embodiment of FIG. 1 in an open configuration (unstacking). [Diagram 3] 4 is a cross-sectional view of an apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] 1 is a cross-sectional view of an apparatus according to any of the embodiments of the present invention configured to receive a conical end of a stacked tie rod. [Diagram 5] 13 is a cross-sectional view of an apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention configured to receive a threaded end of a stacked tie rod. [Figure 6] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of an apparatus in a retained and locked configuration according to a third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a device according to a third embodiment of the present invention during deployment. [Figure 8] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a device according to a third embodiment of the present invention in a deployed and locked configuration. [Figure 9] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10]4 is a cross-sectional view of an apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0036] The present invention relates to a device 1,1',1'' for holding and then releasing, or stacking and then unstacking, a transmission bar 2,2'. Figures 1 and 2 show an embodiment of the device 1 according to the invention, Figure 3 shows another embodiment of the device 1' according to the invention, and Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9 show yet another embodiment of the device 1'' according to the invention. The device is reusable in the sense that after being used once, it can resume the holding configuration after holding and then releasing a transmission bar 2,2' without the need to "reset" it manually.

[0037] The transmission bar 2,2' denotes here any type of object intended to transmit an action or holding force to an auxiliary object 11, which is fixed thereto and thus via the transmission bar 2,2' to the holding and releasing device 1,1',1'' according to the invention. The device 1,1',1'' according to the invention is therefore a means for fastening the auxiliary object 11 to a part 12 of a main object, not shown, which comprises the device 1,1',1'' according to the invention and to which the device 1,1',1'' according to the invention is integrally attached. The main object may be, for example, a vehicle, a spacecraft, a satellite. The skilled person will understand that these examples are not limiting and that the main object may take other forms. The auxiliary object 11 may be, for example, a solar generator 11 fixed to the wall 12 of a vehicle. The auxiliary object 11 must be held firmly on the vehicle with a minimum clearance and according to the maximum effort loads received by the transmission bars and transmitted to the auxiliary object 11, so that the auxiliary object 11 is fully mechanically integrated with the vehicle, during a stage of implementation of the vehicle with the auxiliary object 11, perhaps a stage of launching a satellite, during this launch stage a significant preload may be necessary to pass the vibrations involved in this stage without clearance, during another stage of implementation of the vehicle with the auxiliary object 11 the auxiliary object must be fully or partially released by reducing or counteracting the load loads received by the transmission bars 2, 2' and transmitted to the auxiliary object 11 in order to introduce clearance, this partial release may be used to allow the auxiliary object 11 to unfold from a first position to a second position, as shown for example in figures 6, 7 and 8. The device 1, 1', 1'' may also be used for some gears to couple and release satellites together before entering the atmosphere or during a "cluster" launch.

[0038] A first embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to Figures 1 and 2. According to this first embodiment, a device 1 for holding and releasing a transmission bar 2 comprises a holding and releasing part 4, a clamping part 3 and a loosening part 5.

[0039] According to this first embodiment of the invention, the holding and releasing piece 4 comprises a plurality of segments 41, 42, 43, 44. The segments 41 and 43 may for example be mechanically integrated until they form only one part, and similarly the segments 42 and 44 may for example be mechanically integrated and form only one other part. At least two segments 41, 42 of the plurality of segments 41, 42, 43, 44 forming the holding and releasing piece 4 each comprise a bearing surface 71, 72 configured to abut against one end of the transfer bar 2, so that when the plurality of segments 41, 42, 43, 44 are in the holding configuration, the end of the transfer bar 2 is pressed and held between the bearing surfaces 71, 72 of the at least two segments 41, 42.

[0040] A number of segments 41, 42, 43, 44 forming the holding and releasing part 4 are in a holding configuration under the effect of a clamping pressure generated by the clamping part 3. According to a first embodiment, the clamping part 3 comprises at least one longitudinal part 33, 34 which is integrally attached by each end to one segment 43 of the two segments 41, 43 and to one segment 44 of the other two segments 42, 44, respectively.

[0041] The clamping part 3 is configured to apply a clamping pressure, and thus, for example, the clamping part 3 is capable of undergoing elastic deformation, and the clamping part 3 is made from a material that is elastically deformable to generate the clamping pressure required to hold the multiple segments 41, 42, 43, 44 in the retaining configuration.

[0042] The elastic deformation is selected depending on the material considered, so that the clamping pressure is sufficient to ensure retention of the multiple segments 41, 42, 43, 44 in the retaining configuration, i.e. by applying the required load to part of the transmission bar 2.

[0043] On the other hand, the clamping pressure is compensated by a loosening pressure exerted in the opposite direction by the loosening part 5. For this purpose, the loosening part can for example be made of a single-acting shape memory material configured such that, from a transition temperature, the loosening pressure exerted by each end of the loosening part 5 on the bearing surfaces 8 of two other segments 43,44 of the plurality of segments 41,42,43,44 compensates the clamping pressure, separates the segments 43,44 and counteracts the load exerted by the segments 41,42 on the transmission bar 2, so that the plurality of segments 41,42,43,44 assumes a release configuration and releases the transmission bar 2.

[0044] The spacing of the segments 43 and 44 with the release of the transmission bar 2 also causes an additional deformation of the clamping piece 3 integrally attached to said segments 43 and 44, which additional deformation may be plastic or elastic.

[0045] If the material of the clamping parts 3 is a conventional material, e.g. aluminum or steel, and the induced additional deformation exceeds the elastic deformation threshold of said material, the deformation is plastic and irreversible. In this case, a manual reset of the device 1 is required to return it to its holding configuration, in particular by manual replacement of the deformed clamping parts 3, which requires dismantling the device. However, a device 1 configured with clamping parts made of conventional materials makes it possible to switch from the holding configuration to the release configuration without impacts, in particular without pyrotechnic or elastic impacts.

[0046] If the material of the clamping part 3 is an elastic material, the clamping part is configured to naturally return to its initial position after being elastically deformed by the spacing of the segments 43 and 44 induced by the loosening pressure applied by the loosening part 5 when this loosening pressure disappears. If the material of the clamping part 3 is not only elastic but also superelastic, the elongation of the reversible deformation can be greater. Thus, if the material of the clamping part 3 is elastic or superelastic, the device naturally returns to its holding configuration when the loosening pressure applied by the loosening part 5 disappears.

[0047] If the material of the fastening part 3 is an elastic, even superelastic, shape memory material, the elongation of the reversible deformation can be much greater than with a superelastic non-shape memory material, which can be selected, for example, from the following non-exhaustive list of alloys: NiTiCu, CuAlNi, CuAlBe, CuZnAl, FeMnAlNi.

[0048] If the material of the clamping parts 3 is an elastic, superelastic or superelastic shape memory material, the device 1 is configured to alternately hold or release the end of the transmission bar 2, in particular to spontaneously return from the released configuration to the held configuration when the loosening pressure disappears, in other words the device is reversible, i.e. resettable "in situ". The loosening pressure disappears by ceasing the heating of the shape memory alloy loosening part, which can then cool and return to its initial shape under the influence or thanks to the elastic clamping parts.

[0049] In order for the loosening parts 5 to exert the necessary loosening pressure for the passage from the retaining configuration to the released configuration of the device 1, the loosening parts 5 may be made at least in part from a single action shape memory material, i.e. a shape memory material configured such that from a transition temperature, the loosening pressure exerted by each end of the loosening parts 5 on the bearing surfaces 8 of the segments 43, 44 compensates for the clamping pressure of the clamping parts 3. The material of the loosening parts 5 is shape memory and returns to its initial shape when the temperature returns to its initial temperature, either naturally (two-way memory effect) or with the help of the loosening parts (assisted two-way memory effect).

[0050] With these configurations, the tightening part 3 assists the at least one loose part 5 in returning to its initial shape.

[0051] According to one embodiment, the clamping and loosening parts are integrated into the same so-called clamping / loosening part, which can then perform two functions (clamping at low temperature and loosening at high temperature). The material of the clamping and loosening part is then a two-way shape memory material, which allows the part to return to its initial shape at low temperature without assistance.

[0052] According to one embodiment, the clamping part comprises two longitudinal parts 33, 34 and the device comprises two longitudinal slack parts 5, each arranged parallel to one of the two longitudinal parts 33, 34 of the clamping part 3.

[0053] According to one embodiment, the at least one loose part 5 extends in the longitudinal direction and is arranged parallel to the longitudinal parts 33 , 34 of the clamping part 3 .

[0054] A second embodiment of the device 1' according to the invention will now be described with reference to figure 3. According to this second embodiment, the device 1' comprises a clamping part 3' having the shape of a hollow cylinder around a number of segments 41', 42', 43', 44' of the retention and release part 4.

[0055] According to this second embodiment, the segments of the plurality of segments 41', 42', 43', 44' of the holding and release part 4 are provided with a bearing surface 10 adapted to abut against the clamping part 3 on the inner surface of the hollow cylinder.

[0056] According to this second embodiment, the slack part 5 comprises four slack parts 51', 52', 53', 54', i.e. one for each pair of segments of the holding and release part 4, each slack part 51', 52', 53', 54' being configured with each of its ends respectively abutting against the bearing surface 8' of the pair of segments of its associated segment.

[0057] 3 shows, on the left side of the figure, the device 1' in a retaining configuration, in which the clamping part 3' holds the segments 41', 42', 43', 44' of the retaining and releasing part 4 tightly against one another and presses radially against the bearing surfaces 10 of each of these segments. On the right side of the figure, the device 1' in a releasing configuration, in which each of the releasing parts 51', 52', 53', 54' has been at least partially heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the end-of-transition temperature of the shape-memory material of which these releasing parts are made. The loosening pressure exerted by each loosening part 51', 52', 53', 54' on the pair of segments of the retaining and releasing part 4 associated with it compensates for the clamping pressure of the clamping part 3' and pulls the segments of each pair of segments away from the retaining and releasing part 4.

[0058] According to the first or second embodiment, the bearing surfaces 71, 72 of each of the segments 41', 42', 43', 44' of the holding and releasing piece 4 are configured to assume a conical, spherical, screw-like or other bearing shape, and when the device 1, 1' is in a holding configuration in which the segments 41', 42', 43', 44' are clamped together, a portion of the transmission bar 2 is held inside the conical bearing shape, as shown in Fig. 4. If the held portions, for example the ends, also have, for example, a conical or spherical shape complementary to the conical shape of the bearing surfaces 71, 72, then a partially released configuration of said bearing shape can be defined, as shown in the bottom of Fig. 4, in which the load tension of the transmission bar 2 is reduced. This configuration is particularly advantageous for reducing the preload loads that are generally attached to stacking columns or supports. For the bearings it may be interesting to relax this preload, after the stage of launching the spacecraft with the fixed parts attached via the transmission bar, a stage where this preload must be kept high to pass the vibrations without clearance. On the other hand, it is preferable to reduce this load during the next stages of the bearing life in order to reduce the internal stresses, reduce the friction torque and therefore extend the life and allow a lighter motorization of the bearing. In the case of stacked columns, this reduces the elastic energy stored in such a way as to reduce the shock generated during the sudden release of the stacked tie rods.

[0059] According to the first or second embodiment, the conical or cylindrical bearing shape of the bearing surface 71, 72 of each of the segments 41', 42', 43', 44' of the holding and release piece 4 can be threaded or comprise a chute. According to these configurations, the threads configured to receive a complementary thread of a portion of the transmission bar 2 or the chute configured to receive a complementary shape of a portion of the transmission bar 2 allows the transmission bar 2 to be screwed into the device or carried in the chute in a holding configuration and released without unscrewing, as shown in the right part of Fig. 5.

[0060] According to one aspect, the invention relates to a holding system comprising a device 1, 1' as described above and a transmission bar 2 held by the device 1, 1''.

[0061] According to the first or second embodiment of the device described above, the transmission bar 2 is a tie rod tensioned along the axis of the transmission bar 2 when the retaining and release part 4 is in the retaining configuration.

[0062] Next, with reference to Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9, another embodiment of the retention device 1'' and retention system according to the present invention will be described, in which, when the retention and release part 4 is in a released configuration, the transmission bar 2 is movable about its axis and actuated to rotate between a first angular position and a second angular position.

[0063] According to these configurations, as shown in Figures 6 to 9, the device can function as a stacking point to deploy the attachment 11, for example a solar panel 11 which is biased by means of an auxiliary spring 13, by heating the holding and release part 4 when it is in the holding configuration during vibrations during the phase of starting the vehicle, before entering the release configuration, and then the transmission bar is clamped again between the segments of the holding and release part after cooling of the release part in order to lock it in the deployed position at the end of deployment.

[0064] Another embodiment of the device 1 2 according to the invention will now be described with reference to figure 10. According to this embodiment, the device 1 2 comprises a clamping part 3 in the form of at least one spring of the internal spring type or at least one pair of elastic washers.

[0065] According to this embodiment, the holding and releasing part 4 comprises two segments 43, 44, each of which has a first bearing surface 71, 72 configured to abut against the transmission bar 2 and a second bearing surface 8 configured to abut against one end of at least one slack part 51, 52.

[0066] According to this embodiment, one of the segments 43 of the retaining and releasing part is received in a cavity formed in the other segment 44 of the retaining and releasing part, so that the set of springs 3 or elastic washers 3 is compressed between one face of the segment 43 and one face of the other segment 44 of the retaining and releasing part, holding the segment 43 and the other segment 44 of the retaining and releasing part in the retaining configuration. The slackening parts 51, 52 are arranged to abut on the one hand against a second bearing surface 8 located on the other face of the segment 43 and on the other face of the other segment 44 of the retaining and releasing part.

Claims

1. A reusable device (1, 1', 1'') for holding and releasing a transmission bar (2, 2'), comprising: Fastening parts (3, 3'), A holding and releasing part (4), At least one slack part (5, 5'), The holding and releasing part (4) comprises: A plurality of segments (41, 42, 43, 44, 41', 42', 43', 44', 41'', 42''); At least two segments (41, 42, 41', 42', 43', 44', 41'', 42'') of the plurality of segments are Each of the first bearing surfaces (71, 72) is configured to abut against a portion of the transmission bar (2); a portion of the transmission bar (2) is supported in compression between or in the first bearing surfaces (71, 72) of the at least two segments (41, 42, 41', 42', 43', 44', 41'', 42'') under the effect of a clamping pressure generated by the clamping parts (3, 3'), at least two other segments (43, 44, 41', 42', 43', 44', 41", 42") of the plurality of segments (41, 42, 43, 44, 41', 42', 43', 44', 41", 42") each have a second bearing surface (8, 8') configured to support each end of at least one slack part (5, 5'); The at least two other segments (43, 44, 41', 42', 43', 44', 41", 42") may also be at least two segments (41, 42, 41', 42', 43', 44', 41", 42"), said at least one loose part (5, 5') is made from a first single-acting shape memory material; the first single-acting shape memory material exerts a loosening pressure on each end of the at least one loosening part (5, 5') against a second bearing surface (8, 8') of each segment of the at least two other segments (43, 44, 41', 42', 43', 44', 41'', 42'') from a transition temperature; said release pressure compensating for the clamping pressure generated by said clamping parts (3, 3') by deforming said clamping parts (3, 3'), a plurality of segments (41, 42, 43, 44, 41', 42', 43', 44', 41", 42") of the holding and releasing piece (4) are configured to be in a release configuration in which a portion of the transmission bar (2, 2') is released; device (1, 1', 1'').

2. the deformation of the clamping parts being an elastic deformation of a second material of the clamping parts (3, 3') configured to regain a first shape after undergoing an elastic deformation, 2. An apparatus (1, 1') according to claim 1.

3. said clamping part (3) comprising at least one longitudinal part (33, 34), The holding and releasing part (4) The plurality of segments (41, 42, 43, 44), a first part comprising two segments (41, 43); a second part comprising two other segments (42, 44); The at least one longitudinal part (33, 34) Each end of said at least one longitudinal part (33, 34) provides, respectively: one of the two segments of the first portion (43); is integrally attached to one of the other two segments of the second portion (44); 3. Apparatus (1) according to claim 1 or 2.

4. the clamping piece (3') is in the shape of a hollow cylinder around the segments (41', 42', 43', 44'); 2. Apparatus (1') according to claim 1.

5. when the plurality of segments (41, 42, 43, 44, 41', 42', 43', 44', 41", 42") are in a holding configuration, a first bearing surface (71, 72) of each of the at least two segments assumes a conical, spherical or trough-shaped bearing shape; A device (1, 1') according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. A device (1, 1', 1'') according to claim 5, The transmission bar (2), the transmission bar (2) being a tie rod tensioned along the axis of the transmission bar (2) when the retention and release part (4) is in the retention configuration; Tension retention system.

7. A device (1, 1', 1'') according to any one of claims 1 to 5, The transmission bar (2'), said transmission bar (2') being rotationally movable about its axis between a first angular position and a second angular position when said retention and release part (4) is in said release configuration; Rotational retention system.

8. said fastening part (3) comprising at least one spring or at least one set of elastic washers, The at least one spring or the at least one set of elastic washers are compressed between one face of one segment (43) of the retaining and releasing piece and one face of another segment (44) of the retaining and releasing piece; The segments (43) of the holding and releasing part housed within a cavity formed in the other segment (44) of the retention and release piece; 3. An apparatus (1-2) according to claim 1 or 2.

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