Multi-aperture camera comprising at least one camera having two zoom states

Abstract

To provide macro-photography capabilities using types of cameras already existing in many smartphones, without the need of additional dedicated hardware.SOLUTION: A folded camera module comprises: a lens having N lens elements along an optical axis divided into lens element groups G1, G2 and G3; an image sensor; an optical path folding element; and an actuator for moving G1 and G3 together relative to the image sensor, where G1 and G3 are fixed to each other. The lens has an effective focal length EFL, where the EFL is changed from a minimal value in a first zoom state to a maximal value in a second zoom state, with a ratio greater than 1.5. The N lens elements have a maximal clear aperture height CA, and the folded camera module has a height HM, with HM≤CA+3.9 mm. The actuator includes at least two coils and corresponding at least two magnets and / or magnet polarizations.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 10

Description

Technical Field

[0001] [Cross - Reference to Related Applications] This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 809,871, filed on February 25, 2019, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0002] The embodiments disclosed herein generally relate to digital cameras, and more particularly to dual - aperture zoom digital cameras with bendable zoom lenses.

Background Art

[0003] Compact multi - aperture, particularly dual - aperture (also called "dual - lens" or "dual - camera") digital cameras are known. Miniaturization techniques allow such cameras, which provide advanced imaging functions such as zoom (see, e.g., co - owned PCT Patent Application No. PCT / IB2015 / 056004, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety), to be incorporated into compact portable electronic devices such as tablets and mobile phones (hereinafter collectively referred to as "smartphones"). Such cameras and / or the cameras disclosed herein are cameras with strict height limitations, usually less than 1 cm, and the thinner the better.

[0004] Dual-aperture zoom cameras are known in which one camera has a wide field of view (FOV) (“wide camera”) and the other camera has a narrow FOV (“tele camera”). The tele camera is required to have dimensions that are as small as possible to fit the thickness of the device in which the camera is installed (preferably without protruding from the housing of the device), while being suitable for operating with commonly used image sensors. This problem is even more severe when using a tele lens with a long (“tele”) effective focal length (EFL) to obtain a relatively high zoom effect. As is known, the term “EFL” applied to a lens refers to the distance from the rear principal plane to the paraxial focal plane. The rear principal plane is calculated by tracing an axial marginal ray from infinity and is determined using the angle of the marginal ray in the image space near the base.

[0005] A dual-aperture zoom camera comprising an upright wide camera and a flexure tele camera is disclosed, for example, in co-owned U.S. Patent No. 9,392,188. The wide camera is an “upright” camera comprising a wide image sensor and a wide lens module including a wide fixed-focus lens assembly (or simply “lens”) having a wide lens symmetry axis. The flexure tele camera comprises a tele image sensor and a tele lens module including a tele fixed-focus lens having a tele lens symmetry axis. The dual-aperture zoom camera further comprises a reflective element (also called an optical path folding element or OPFE) that bends light arriving from an object or scene along a first optical path towards the tele image sensor along a second optical path. The first optical path and the second optical path are perpendicular to each other. The wide lens symmetry axis is along (parallel to) the first optical path and the tele lens symmetry axis is along the second optical path. The reflective element has a reflective element symmetry axis that is substantially inclined at 45 degrees with respect to both the wide lens symmetry axis and the tele lens symmetry axis and operates to provide an optical path bent between the object and the tele image sensor.

[0006] A wide lens has a wide field of view (FOV W ), and a tele lens has a FOV W narrower telephoto field of view (FOV T ). In an example, a tele camera provides a X5 zoom effect as compared to a wide camera.

[0007] There is also known a small folding camera including a plurality of lens elements divided into two or more groups, and having a lens assembly in which one or more (a “group”) of the lens elements are movable relative to another lens element or group of lens elements. As an actuator (motor) used for relative movement, there may be mentioned a screw-equipped step motor or a piezoelectric actuator. However, a general problem with such cameras is that their structure indicates relatively large F-numbers (F#) of 3 or more, and the F# increases with the zoom factor. Their actuators are noisy at low speed (piezoelectric), or bulky (stepper motor), have reliability problems, and are expensive. Also, in known optical designs, for the two extreme zoom states obtained with such cameras, a large lens assembly height is required for a given F#.

[0008] The “Macro-photography” mode is becoming popular as a differentiator for smartphone cameras. “Macro-photography” refers to photographing an object very close to the camera such that the image recorded on the image sensor is approximately the same size as the actual object being photographed. For example, “Macro-photography” may refer to photographing minute subjects and organisms such as insects, and the size of the subject in such photography may be larger than life size. “Macro-photography” produces a “Macro image”.

[0009] The first smartphone model with a macro shooting function has entered the consumer market by equipping a dedicated macro camera with a macro FOV. However, it would be beneficial to provide a macro shooting function using a type of camera that already exists in many smartphones without the need for additional dedicated hardware.

Summary of the Invention

[0010] In an exemplary embodiment, a folding camera includes a lens including a lens element group G1, a lens element group G2, and a lens element group G3 along a lens optical axis, an image sensor, an OPFE, and an actuator for moving G1 and G3 together relative to the image sensor in a direction parallel to the lens optical axis to put the lens in two zoom states, wherein G1 and G3 are fixedly attached to each other, G2 floats between two stops, and by moving G1 and G3 together, in one zoom state, G2 can adhere to G1, and in another zoom state, G2 can adhere to G3.

[0011] In some embodiments, the fixed attachment between G1 and G3 is enabled by a plurality of bars connecting G1 and G3. Here, G2 is guided by the plurality of bars and can move along a direction parallel to the lens axis with respect to the plurality of bars. The adhesion of G2 to G1 or G3 may be by magnetic force.

[0012] In some embodiments, the combined movement of G1 and G3 extends over a stroke greater than 2 mm and less than 20 mm, and the stroke of the movement of G2 between the two stops is less than half of the stroke of G1 and G3.

[0013] In some embodiments, the lens has an effective focal length EFL, and EFL ranges from a minimum value EFL in the first zoom state ,min to a maximum value EFL in the second zoom statemax is changed to, and the ratio EFL max / EFL ,min is greater than 1.5.

[0014] In some embodiments, the actuator includes a shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator having a plurality of SMA springs and a plurality of mechanical springs.

[0015] In some embodiments, the plurality of SMA springs includes four springs, and the plurality of mechanical springs includes two springs.

[0016] In some embodiments, the camera further includes a voice coil motor (VCM) mechanism for focusing the lens. In some embodiments, the focusing of the lens is performed by moving G1, G2, and G3 together. In some embodiments, the lens is included in a lens and sensor module having a G2 stop mechanism with a first G2 stop and a second G2 stop, and one of the first or the second G2 stops is removable to allow G1, G2, and G3 to move over a stroke of at least 2 mm for macro photography.

[0017] In some embodiments, the actuator includes at least three coils coupled to each of a plurality of magnets or to the polarization of the plurality of magnets. In some embodiments, the positions of the at least three coils relative to the plurality of magnets are measured by at least one Hall sensor for position sensing.

[0018] In some embodiments, the at least three coils are driven by respective drive currents that provide movement relative to the plurality of magnets, and the plurality of drive currents are dependent on the positions of the plurality of coils relative to the plurality of magnets.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment, a lens including a lens element group G1, a lens element group G2, and a lens element group G3 along a lens optical axis, an image sensor, an OPFE, and a VCM mechanism for focusing the lens by moving G1, G2, and G3 together in a direction parallel to the lens optical axis, and for zooming by moving G1 and G3 together relative to the image sensor in a direction parallel to the lens optical axis to put the lens in two zoom states, wherein G1 and G3 are fixedly attached to each other, G2 floats between two stops, and by moving G1 and G3 together, G2 can adhere to G1 in one zoom state and G2 can adhere to G3 in another zoom state, a folding camera is provided.

[0020] In some embodiments, the folding camera further includes a first G2 stop and a second G2 stop, and one of the first or the second G2 stop is removable to enable G1, G2, and G3 to move over a stroke of 2 mm or more for macro photography.

[0021] In an exemplary embodiment, a wide camera including a wide lens having a wide effective focal length EFL W and a wide image sensor, and a folding telecamera including a tele lens having a first optical axis, a tele image sensor, and an OPFE, wherein the tele lens includes a first lens element group G1, a second lens element group G2, and a third lens element group G3 from an object side to an image side, and at least two of the lens element groups are movable along the first optical axis relative to the image sensor to put the tele lens in two zoom states, and the effective focal length of the tele lens is changed from EFL Tmin in one zoom state to EFL Tmax in the other zoom state, and EFL Tmin > 1.5×EFL W and EFL Tmax> 1.5×EFL Tmin A dual camera is provided, wherein the wide lens has a second optical axis which is perpendicular to the first optical axis.

[0022] In some embodiments (not shown), the above-described folding telecamera may be replaced by a non-folding (upright) telecamera having the same structure and characteristics. That is, the non-folding telecamera includes a telephoto lens including a first lens element group G1, a second lens element group G2, and a third lens element group G3 from the object side to the image side, and at least two of the plurality of lens element groups are movable along the first optical axis with respect to the image sensor to put the telephoto lens in two zoom states. The effective focal length of the telephoto lens changes from the EFL in one zoom state Tmin to the EFL in the other zoom state Tmax and EFL Tmin > 1.5×EFL W and, EFL Tmax > 1.5×EFL Tmin is satisfied.

[0023] In some exemplary embodiments, the telecamera is configured such that in both the first zoom state and the second zoom state, the lens element groups G1, G2, and G3 are shifted relative to each other for focusing.

[0024] In some exemplary embodiments, the lens element groups G1, G2, and G3 are arranged from the object side to the image side, G1 has a positive refractive power, G2 has a positive refractive power, and G3 has a negative refractive power.

[0025] In some exemplary embodiments, the at least two movable lens element groups include the lens element groups G1 and G3, the lens element groups G1 and G3 are movable with respect to the image sensor and the lens element group G2, and the lens element group G2 is stationary with respect to the image sensor. In some embodiments, the lens element group G3 may be further movable for focusing with respect to the image sensor, the lens element group G1, and the lens element group G2. In some embodiments, the lens element group G1 may be further movable for focusing with respect to the image sensor, the lens element group G2, and the lens element group G3.

[0026] In an exemplary embodiment, a first lens element L1 facing the object side has a clear aperture (CA) value (or simply "clear aperture") larger than the clear apertures of all other lens elements in the telephoto lens.

[0027] In an exemplary embodiment, the telephoto lens has a total track length (TTL T ) and the maximum TTL T (TTL Tmax ) satisfies the condition of TTL Tmax <EFL Tmax .

[0028] In an exemplary embodiment, the telephoto lens has a total track length (TTL T ) and the maximum TTL T (TTL Tmax ) satisfies the condition of TTL Tmax <0.9×EFL Tmax .

[0029] In an exemplary embodiment, the telephoto lens has a telephoto lens F-number (F# T ) and the minimum value of F# T (F# Tmin ) satisfies the condition of F# Tmin <1.5×F# Tmax ×EFLTmin / EFL Tmax satisfies the condition of.

[0030] In an exemplary embodiment, the telephoto lens has a telephoto lens F-number (F# T ), and the minimum value of F# T (F# Tmin ) and the maximum value of F# T (F# Tmax ) satisfy the condition of F# Tmin <1.8 × F# Tmax × EFL Tmin / EFL Tmax satisfies the condition of.

[0031] In an exemplary embodiment, the telephoto lens has a telephoto lens F-number (F# T ), and the minimum value of F# T (F# Tmin ) and the maximum value of F# T (F# Tmax ) satisfy the condition of F# Tmin <1.2 × F# Tmax × EFL Tmin / EFL Tmax satisfies the condition of.

[0032] In an exemplary embodiment, for any lens element group, the movement from the first zoom state to the second zoom state has a stroke smaller than 0.75 × (EFL Tmax - EFL Tmin ).

[0033] In an exemplary embodiment, for any lens element group, the movement from the first zoom state to the second zoom state has a stroke smaller than 0.6 × (EFL Tmax - EFL Tmin ).

[0034] In an exemplary embodiment, the first lens element L1 is a cut lens element.

[0035] In some exemplary embodiments, the at least two movable lens element groups include the lens element groups G1, G2, and G3, and the lens element groups G1 and G3 are movable as one unit with respect to the image sensor and the lens element group G2 within a given range R 1,3 and the lens element group G2 is movable with respect to the image sensor within a range R2 smaller than R 1,3 . In an exemplary embodiment, the lens element groups G1, G2, and G3 are movable toward the image side. In some exemplary embodiments, the lens element groups G1, G2, and G3 are movable as one unit for focusing with respect to the image sensor.

[0036] In some exemplary embodiments, EFL Tmin = 15 mm and EFL Tmax = 30 mm.

[0037] In some exemplary embodiments, EFL Tmin = 13 mm and EFL Tmax = 26 mm.

[0038] In some exemplary embodiments, in the two zoom states, R AF is the maximum moving range of the lens element group G2 required for focusing between infinity and 1 meter, and R AF < 0.4 × R2. In some exemplary embodiments, in the two zoom states, R AF is the maximum moving range of the lens element groups G1 and G3 required for focusing between infinity and 2 meters, and R AF < 0.4 × R 1,3 .

[0039] In some exemplary embodiments, the actuation for the movement of the lens element group G2 is performed by closed-loop control.

[0040] In some exemplary embodiments, the actuation for the movement of the lens element groups G1 and G3 is performed under open-loop control.

[0041] In some exemplary embodiments, the movement of the lens element groups G1, G2, and G3 is caused by using a voice coil motor (VCM) mechanism.

[0042] In some exemplary embodiments, the movement of the lens element groups G1, G2, and G3 is guided along the first optical axis by a ball guide mechanism that forms a linear rail. In some exemplary embodiments, the ball guide mechanism includes at least one groove on the lens carrier of G2, at least one groove on the lens carriers of G1 and G3, and a plurality of balls between the groove on the lens carrier of G2 and the grooves on the lens carriers of G1 and G3.

[0043] In an exemplary embodiment, a wide camera having a wide lens with a wide effective focal length EFL W and a wide image sensor, a folding telecamera having a tele lens with a first optical axis, a tele image sensor, and an OPFE, wherein the tele lens includes, from the object side to the image side, a first lens element group G1, a second lens element group G2, and a third lens element group G3, and the lens element groups G1 and G3 are movable along the first optical axis as one unit with respect to the image sensor and the lens element group G2 within a given range R 1,3 and the lens element group G2 is movable along the first optical axis with respect to the image sensor within a range R2 smaller than the range R 1,3 and the combined movement of the lens element groups G1, G2, and G3 places the tele lens in two states, and changes the EFL of the tele lens from the EFL Tmin in one zoom state to the EFL Tmax in the other zoom state, with EFL Tmin > EFL W and EFL Tmax > 1.5 × EFL TminProvided is a dual camera.

[0044] In an exemplary embodiment, a folding camera includes a lens having a first optical axis, an image sensor, and an OPFE, wherein the lens includes, from an object side to an image side, a first lens element group G1, a second lens element group G2, and a third lens element group G3, and the lens element groups G1 and G3 are within a given range 1,3 and are movable along the first optical axis as one unit with respect to the image sensor and the lens element group G2, and the lens element group G2 is movable along the first optical axis with respect to the image sensor within a range R 1,3 smaller than range R2, and by the combined movement of the lens element groups G1, G2, and G3, the telephoto lens is put into two zoom states, and the EFL of the telephoto lens is changed from the EFL in one zoom state min to the EFL in the other zoom state Tmax such that EFL max > 1.5×EFL min A folding camera is provided.

[0045] In an exemplary embodiment, a wide camera includes a wide lens having a wide effective focal length EFL W and a wide image sensor, a super-wide camera includes a super-wide lens having a super-wide effective focal length EFL UW and a super-wide image sensor, and a folding telecamera includes a telephoto lens having a first optical axis, a tele image sensor, and an OPFE, wherein the telephoto lens includes, from an object side to an image side, a first lens element group G1, a second lens element group G2, and a third lens element group G3, and to put the telephoto lens into two states, a first zoom state and a second zoom state, at least two of the lens element groups are movable along the first optical axis with respect to the image sensor, and the EFL of the telephoto lens is changed from the EFL in the first zoom state Tmin to the EFL in the second zoom state Tmax such that EFL Tmin > 1.5×EFLW and EFL Tmax > 1.5 × EFL Tmin to provide a dual camera.

[0046] In an exemplary embodiment, a wide camera module (or simply "wide camera"), a lens module, a lens actuator for moving the lens module between a first zoom state and a second zoom state, and a memory for storing first calibration data and second calibration data. A tele camera module (or simply "tele camera"), wherein the first calibration data may include calibration data between the wide camera module and the tele camera module in the first zoom state, and the second calibration data may include calibration data between the wide camera module and the tele camera module in the second zoom state, to provide a dual camera.

[0047] In various exemplary embodiments, an application processor (AP), a wide camera module for providing first image data, and a tele camera module for providing second image data, the tele camera module comprising a lens module and a lens actuator for moving the lens module between a first zoom state and a second zoom state, and a memory for storing first calibration data and second calibration data, wherein the first calibration data may include calibration data between the wide camera module and the tele camera module in the first zoom state, and the second calibration data may include calibration data between the wide camera module and the tele camera module in the second zoom state, and the AP is configured to process the first image data and the second image data using the first calibration data when the tele camera module is in the first zoom state, and process the first image data and the second image data using the second calibration data when the tele camera module is in the second zoom state to generate third image data, to provide a system.

[0048] In an embodiment of the system, the first calibration data is stored in the first camera module, and the second calibration data is stored in the second camera module.

[0049] In an embodiment of the system, the first calibration data and the second calibration data are stored only in the tele camera module.

[0050] In an embodiment of the system, the first calibration data and the second calibration data are stored only in the wide camera module.

[0051] In an embodiment of the system, the first calibration data and the second calibration data are stored in a memory that is not arranged in either the wide camera module or the tele camera module.

[0052] In an embodiment of the system, a first portion of the first calibration data and a first portion of the second calibration data are stored in a memory arranged in the wide camera module or the tele camera module, and a second portion of the first calibration data and a second portion of the second calibration data are stored in a memory that is not arranged in the wide camera module or the tele camera module.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0053] Non-limiting examples of the embodiments disclosed in this specification are described below with reference to the drawings attached to this specification, shown after this paragraph. The same structures, elements, or components seen in multiple figures are generally given the same numbers in all the figures in which they are seen. If the same elements are shown but only numbered in one figure, they are considered to have the same numbers in all the figures in which they are seen. The drawings and the description are intended to clarify and make clear the embodiments disclosed in this specification and should in no way be considered limiting.

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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0054] Figure 1A is a schematic perspective view generally showing an embodiment of a dual camera numbered 100, comprising an upright wide camera 102, an OPFE 104 (e.g., a prism), and a folding telecamera 103 comprising a zoom folding telecamera lens and sensor module (or simply "module") 106. The wide camera includes a wide lens 110 having a fixed effective focal length EFL W For example, the EFL W may be 2 - 5 mm. In telecamera 103, the OPFE 104 is held in prism holder 108. Module 106 includes a shield 107. The shield 107 can cover some or all of the elements of module 106 or camera 103. Figure 1B shows the dual camera 100 with the shield 107 removed and more fully described. Module 106 further includes a tele lens 114 having a tele lens optical axis 116, a tele image sensor 118, and optionally a glass window 130 (see, e.g., Figure 2A). The glass window 130 may be used to filter light of infrared (IR) wavelengths, for mechanical protection of sensor 118, and / or to protect sensor 118 from dust. For simplicity, the word "tele" used in reference to a camera, lens, or image sensor may hereafter be dropped. In some embodiments, the lens and image sensor module are separated such that the tele image sensor has its own image sensor module and other functions and parts described hereafter (in particular, the operation of the tele lens and sensor module 500 of Figures 5A - E, the actuator 1610 of Figures 16A - H, and the actuator 1710 of Figures 17A - J) remain with the telecamera lens module only. The following description throughout refers to such embodiments. In other embodiments, the systems described herein can include one or more additional cameras that, for example, form a 3x camera system. In addition to the wide camera and the telecamera, the 3x camera can also include an ultra - wide camera where the EFL of the ultra - wide camera is EFL UW <0.7×EFL W

[0055] ​Dual camera 100 further includes or is coupled to a controller (not shown) that controls various camera functions, including the movement of the lens groups and lens elements described below.

[0056] The lens 114 includes three lens element groups G1, G2, and G3 housed in a first group (G1) lens housing (or "holder") 120, a second group (G2) lens housing 122, and a third group (G3) lens housing 124, respectively. Details of three different lens designs for the lens element groups G1, G2, and G3 are provided below with reference to Figures 2-4. In various embodiments described in detail below, at least one lens element group moves relative to another lens element group along the lens optical axis 116 to provide at least two telelens effective focal lengths EFL T , i.e., the minimum EFL Tmin and maximum EFL Tmax For example, EFL Tmin may be 10-20mm, EFL Tmax This allows the F-number (F#) of a small telephoto lens to be T ) while providing zoom capability between two large EFLs. In addition, the EFL Tmin The optical zoom is EFL W and EFL Tmax For example, as provided by the Dual Camera 100, more than twice the EFL W In addition, for EFL, the total telephoto lens track length (TTL T ) is defined as the distance along the optical axis from the first surface of the first lens element towards the object side (S1, see below) to the image sensor surface when the lens is focused at infinity, including all lens elements and glass windows. Tmin is defined and TTL is set for the second zoom state. Tmax is defined. Tmin and TTL TmaxAlthough shown, for example, in FIGS. 2C, 2D, 3A, and 3B, these definitions apply to all embodiments in this application.

[0057] FIG. 2A shows a zoom folding telecamera 103', such as a camera 103 having an OPFE 104 (e.g., a prism), a lens 114' such as a lens 114, and an image sensor 118 having a first exemplary optical design and ray tracing of the tele lens 114', where the tele lens is in a first zoom state, i.e., EFL = EFL Tmin and has. In addition, a glass window 130 may be disposed between all lens elements and the image sensor 118. FIG. 2B shows a folding telecamera 103' in a second zoom state, i.e., EFL = EFL Tmax and has. FIG. 2C shows details of the lens 114' having a first optical design in a first zoom state, and FIG. 2D shows details of the lens 114' in a second zoom state.

[0058] The lens 114' has a first exemplary optical design represented by Tables 1-4 and includes eight lens elements denoted L1-L8, which lens elements begin with L1 on the object side facing the prism ("object side") and end with L8 on the image side towards the image sensor. Table 1 shows the optical data for each of the surfaces in the optical lens design. The optical data of the OPFE (prism or mirror) is omitted in Table 1 because many OPFE designs known in the art can be used between the object and S1. Non-limiting examples of such OPFEs include prisms made of glass or plastic, where the refractive index of the prism can vary (e.g., vary in the range of 1-3), OPFEs that limit stray light (e.g., disclosed in co-owned International Patent Application PCT / IB2018 / 054928), thin prisms (e.g., see co-owned U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 657,003), scanning OPFEs (e.g., see co-owned International Patent Applications PCT / IB2018 / 050885 and PCT / IB2017 / ), OPFEs having an OIS mechanism (e.g., see co-owned U.S. Patent No. 9927600), and mirrors.

[0059] Table 2 shows zoom data that is additional data regarding the distance between surfaces in Table 1, and parameters that vary for each of various zoom positions. Table 3 shows aspherical data that is additional optical data regarding the surfaces of Table 1 that are not spherical. Table 4 shows the focal lengths (in mm) of the lens elements and lens element groups. Similar tables for the second exemplary optical design (Tables 5-8), the third exemplary optical design (Tables 9-12), the fourth exemplary optical design (Tables 13-16), and the fifth exemplary optical design (Tables 17-20) exist below.

[0060] The lenses disclosed in the following various exemplary embodiments include several lens groups (G1, G2, G3, etc.) of lens elements, and each group includes a plurality of lens elements denoted as Li. Each lens element Li has a respective front surface S 2i-1 and a rear surface S 2i (where "i" is an integer from 1 to N). As used herein, the term "front surface" of each lens element refers to the surface of the lens element that is closer to the entrance of the camera (the camera object side), and the term "rear surface" refers to the surface of the lens element that is closer to the image sensor (the camera image side). The front and rear surfaces can be aspherical in some cases. The front and rear surfaces can be spherical in some cases. However, they are not limited to these options. The lens elements L1 to LN may be made of various materials, such as plastic or glass. Some lens elements may be made of a different material from other lens elements. The notations "Gi", "Li", "S i " are shown in some figures as an example (see FIGS. 2C and 2D for the notation of "Gi", FIG. 2B for the notation of "Li", and FIG. 4A for the notation of "S i "). However, these notations apply to all embodiments in this application.

[0061] In this specification, the "height" of a component, element, or group of components or elements is defined as the distance in the first optical axis direction (Y direction in an exemplary coordinate system) between the lowest point of the component / element / group of these and the uppermost point of the component / element / group of these. The terms "above" or "upper" refer to any section of the same component / element or group of these that is closer to and faces the imaged (photographed) object along the Y-axis relative to other sections of the same component / element or group of these. The terms "below" or "lower" refer to any section of the same component / element or group of these that is farthest from and faces away from the imaged object along the Y-axis relative to other sections of the same component / element or group of these.

[0062] In Table 1 (as well as Tables 5 and 9), R is the radius of curvature of the surface, and T is the distance along the optical axis from one surface to the next surface. Since the distances between some lens elements vary with zooming and focusing, additional thickness data for various zoom positions and focus positions are shown in Tables 2, 6, and 10. Note that TTL T is the sum of all T values from S1 to the image sensor when the object is set at infinity and the additional data in Tables 2, 6, and 10 are used. D is the optical diameter of the surface. D / 2 represents the "semi-diameter" or half of the diameter. The units of R, T, and D are millimeters (mm). Nd and Vd are the refractive index and Abbe number of the lens element material existing between one surface and the next surface, respectively.

[0063] The surface types are defined in Tables 1, 5, and 9, and the surface coefficients are shown in Tables 3, 7, and 11. - "Plane" - having an infinite radius of curvature; - "Even-Aspherical (EVAS) surface" is defined using Equation 1 and the details shown in Tables 3, 7, and 11.

Equation

[0064] - The -QT1 surface is defined using the following Equation 2 and subsidiary equations.

Equation

[0065] - The "stop surface" (Tables 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 22) may change in position of the stop surface of the lens aperture when shifting from the first zoom state to the second zoom state in the embodiments disclosed herein. In this case, the stop determines the F# of the entire lens module. For example, in some embodiments, the amount of light reaching the image plane to form an image for the central field in the first zoom state is determined by the aperture stop near the first lens L1 on the object side, while the amount of light reaching the image plane to form an image for the central field in the second zoom state is determined by the aperture stop near another lens element (e.g., the nearby lens element L4). In other embodiments, the position of the stop surface of the lens aperture may not change when shifting from the first zoom state to the second zoom state.

[0066] The diameter D of the image sensor shown in the following table refers to the maximum diagonal size of the image sensor.

Table 1

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Table 3

Table 4

[0067] In Embodiment 1, the camera is put into two zoom states by moving groups G1 and G3 relative to the image sensor 118 while keeping group G2 stationary relative to the image sensor 118. And G3 is further movable to focus in each of the zoom states. Table 2 specifies the exact distances and relative positionings. In Embodiment 1, G1 and G3 are moved relative to G2 (and the image sensor) to put the camera into the first zoom state shown in FIGS. 2A and 2C where T =EFL Tmin =15 mm, F# = F# Tmin =2.8, and TTL T =TTL Tmin =16.309 mm, and into the second zoom state where T =EFL Tmax =30 mm, F# = F# Tmax =4, and TTL T =TTL TminSet it to the second zoom state shown in FIGS. 2B and 2D, where = 27.581 mm. The moving range can be, for example, 5 to 10 mm. In the first state, G1 is separated from G2 by a distance d4 (in the case of an EFL of 15 mm, the distance between S4 and S5 in Table 2, that is, 0.131 mm), G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d8 (in the case of an EFL of 15 mm, the distance between S8 and S9 in Table 2, that is, 5.080 to 5.364 mm depending on the focal length), and G3 is separated from window 130 by a distance d16 (in the case of an EFL of 15 mm, the distance between S 16 and S 17 in Table 2, that is, 1.094 to 0.810 mm depending on the focal length). In the second state, G1 is separated from G2 by a distance d4' (in the case of an EFL of 30 mm, the distance between S4 and S5 in Table 2, that is, 11.403 mm), G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d8' (in the case of an EFL of 30 mm, the distance between S8 and S9 in Table 2, that is, 0.060 to 0.434 mm depending on the focal length), and G3 is separated from window 130 by a distance d16' (in the case of an EFL of 30 mm, the distance between S 16 and S 17 in Table 2, that is, 6.114 mm to 5.740 mm depending on the focal length).

[0068] FIG. 3A shows details of a lens element having an exemplary optical design of a second embodiment in a folding telecamera such as camera 103 in the first zoom state, and FIG. 3B shows details of a lens element having a second optical design in the second zoom state. The figures show lens 114'', image sensor 118, and optional window 130. The second optical design is represented by Tables 5 to 8 and includes eight lens elements denoted as L1 to L8. The lens elements start from L1 on the object side facing the prism and end at L8 on the image side facing the image sensor. Table 5 shows optical data, Table 6 shows zoom data, Table 7 shows aspherical data, and Table 8 shows the focal lengths of the lenses or lens groups in mm.

[0069] In the second embodiment (``Embodiment 2''), in the lens 114'', the lens elements L1 to L8 are grouped into three groups: a first group G1 including the lens elements L1 and L2, a second group G2 including the lens elements L3 to L5, and a third group including the lens elements L6 to L8.

[0070] In Embodiment 2, while moving groups G1 and G3 together with respect to the image sensor within a given range R 1,3 the camera is set to two zoom states by moving group G2 with respect to the image sensor within a range R2 smaller than R 1,3 . In Embodiment 2, R 1,3 = 7.509 mm and R2 = 1.574 mm. G2 is further movable with respect to the image sensor within a range R AF for changing the focal length of the camera 106 from infinity to 1 meter. Depending on the zoom state, R AF may become up to 550 micrometers (μm). FIG. 3A shows Embodiment 2 in the first zoom state where EFL T = EFL Tmin = 15 mm, F# = F# Tmin = 2, and TTL T = TTL Tmin = 17.373 mm, and FIG. 3B shows Embodiment 2 in the second zoom state where EFL T = EFL Tmax = 30 mm, F# = F# Tmax = 4, and TTL T = TTL Tmax = 24.881 mm.

[0071] In Embodiment 2, the following conditions are satisfied.

[0072] R 1,3 and R2 are smaller than 0.6×(EFL Tmax - EFL Tmin ), and of course smaller than 0.75×(EFL Tmax - EFL Tmin ). F# Tmin is 1.0×F# Tmax ×EFL Tmin / EFLTmax smaller than, 1.2 × F# Tmax × EFL Tmin / EFL Tmax smaller than, 1.5 × F# Tmax × EFL Tmin / EFL Tmax smaller than, 1.8 × F# Tmax × EFL Tmin / EFL Tmax is smaller than.

[0073] In the first state, G1 is separated from G2 by a distance d4 (for an EFL of 15 mm, the distance between S4 and S5 in Table 6, i.e., 1.246 to 1.012 mm depending on the focal length), G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d10 (for an EFL of 15 mm, the distance between S 10 and S 11 in Table 6, i.e., 6.136 to 6.370 mm depending on the focal length), and G3 is separated from window 130 by a distance d16 (for an EFL of 15 mm, the distance between S 16 and S 17 in Table 6, i.e., 0.229 mm). In the second state, G1 is separated from G2 by a distance d4' (for an EFL of 30 mm, the distance between S4 and S5 in Table 6, i.e., 7.181 to 6.658 mm depending on the focal length), G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d10' (for an EFL of 30 mm, the distance between S 10 and S 11 in Table 6, i.e., 0.2 to 0.725 mm depending on the focal length), and G3 is separated from window 130 by a distance d16' (for an EFL of 30 mm, the distance between S 16 and S 17 in Table 6, i.e., 7.738 mm).

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

[0074] In lens 114''', the lens elements L1 to L8 are grouped into three groups: a first group G1 including lens elements L1 and L2, a second group G2 including lens elements L3 and L4, and a third group including lens elements L5 to L8.

[0075] In a third exemplary use (Example 3), the camera is put into two zoom states by moving G1 and G3 within a given range with respect to the image sensor while keeping G2 stationary. The moving range can be, for example, 5 to 10 mm. G1 can be further moved for focusing. In Example 3, G1 and G3 are moved relative to G2 (and the image sensor) to put the camera into the first zoom state shown in FIG. 4A with EFL T =EFL Tmin =15 mm, F# Tmin =2.74, and TTL T =TTL Tmin =16.78 mm, and into the second zoom state with EFL T =EFL Tmax =30 mm, F# = F# Tmax =4, TTL T =TTL TmaxSet it to the second zoom state shown in Fig. 4B, where it is 26.958 mm. In the first state, G1 is separated from G2 by a distance d4 (in the case of an EFL of 15 mm, the distance between S4 and S5 in Table 10, i.e., 0.199 - 0.870 mm depending on the focal length), G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d8 (in the case of an EFL of 15 mm, the distance between S8 and S9 in Table 10, i.e., 6.050 mm), and G3 is separated from window 130 by a distance d16 (in the case of an EFL of 15 mm, the distance between S 16 and S 17 in Table 10, i.e., 0.650 mm). In the second state, G1 is separated from G2 by a distance d4 (in the case of an EFL of 30 mm, the distance between S4 and S5 in Table 10, i.e., 10.377 - 11.031 mm depending on the focal length), G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d8 (in the case of an EFL of 30 mm, the distance between S8 and S9 in Table 10, i.e., 0.06 mm), and G3 is separated from window 130 by a distance d16 (in the case of an EFL of 30 mm, the distance between S 16 and S 17 in Table 10, i.e., 6.64 mm).

Table 9

Table 10

Table 11

Table 12

[0076] In a fourth embodiment (``Embodiment 4''), in lens 114'''', the lens elements L1 to L8 are grouped into three groups: a first group G1 including lens elements L1 and L2, a second group G2 including lens elements L3 to L5, and a third group including lens elements L6 to L8.

[0077] In Embodiment 4, in the zoom process, while keeping G2 stationary with respect to the image sensor, the camera is set to two zoom states by moving G1 and G3 together (as one unit) with respect to the image sensor within a given range R 1,3 . In Embodiment 5, R 1,3 = 7.065 mm. Group G2 does not move when changing the zoom state, but G2 is movable within a range R AF for changing the focal length of camera 106 from infinity to 1 meter, with respect to the image sensor and G1 and G3 in any zoom state. Depending on the zoom state, R AF can be up to 730 μm. Figure 4C shows Embodiment 4 in the first zoom state with EFL T = EFL Tmin = 15 mm, F# = F# Tmin = 2, and TTL T = TTL Tmin = 17.865 mm, and Figure 4D shows EFL T = EFL Tmax = 30 mm, F# = F#Tmax =4 and TTL T =TTL Tmax =24.93 mm, showing Example 4 in the second zoom state.

[0078] In the first state, G1 is separated from G2 by a distance d4 (in the case of an EFL of 15 mm, the distance between S4 and S5 in Table 14), G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d10 (in the case of an EFL of 15 mm, the distance between S 10 and S 11 and the distance), and G3 is separated from window 130 by a distance d16 (in the case of an EFL of 15 mm, the distance between S 16 and S 17 and the distance). In the second state, G1 is separated from G2 by a distance d4' (in the case of an EFL of 30 mm, the distance between S4 and S5 in Table 14), G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d10' (in the case of an EFL of 30 mm, the distance between S 10 and S 11 and the distance), and G3 is separated from window 130 by a distance d16' (in the case of an EFL of 30 mm, the distance between S 16 and S 17 and the distance). [Table 13] [Table 14] [Table 15] [Table 16] FIG. 4E shows details of a lens element having a fifth exemplary optical design in a folding telecamera such as camera 103 in a first zoom state, and FIG. 4F shows details of a lens element having a fifth optical design in a second zoom state. The figures show lens 114''''' , image sensor 118, and optional window 130. The second optical design is represented by Tables 17-20 and includes eight lens elements denoted L1-L8, which begin with L1 on the object side facing the prism and end with L8 on the image side facing the image sensor. Table 17 shows optical data, Table 18 shows zoom data, Table 19 shows aspherical data, and Table 20 shows the focal lengths of the lenses or lens groups in mm.

[0079] In a fifth embodiment (``Embodiment 5''), in lens 114''''' , the lens elements L1-L8 are grouped into three groups: a first group G1 including lens elements L1 and L2, a second group G2 including lens elements L3-L5, and a third group including lens elements L6-L8.

[0080] In Embodiment 5, while keeping G2 stationary with respect to the image sensor, the camera is put into two zoom states by moving lens groups G1 and G3 together (as one unit also referred to as the ``G1G3 assembly'') within a given range R 1,3 with respect to the image sensor. In Embodiment 5, R 1,3 = 7.697 mm. The G1G3 assembly is further movable together at any zoom state with respect to the image sensor and G2 within a range R AF for changing the focal length of camera 106 from infinity to 2 meters. Depending on the zoom state, R AF can be up to 1.8 mm. FIG. 4E shows Embodiment 5 in a first zoom state with EFL T = EFL Tmin = 15 mm, F# = F# Tmin = 2, and TTL T = TTL Tmin = 18.1 mm, and FIG. 4F shows EFL T = EFL Tmax = 30 mm, F# = F#Tmax = 4, and TTL T = TTL Tmax = 25.8 mm, showing Example 5 of the second zoom state.

[0081] In the first state, G1 is separated from G2 by a distance d4 (in the case of an EFL of 15 mm, the distance between S4 and S5 in Table 18), G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d10 (in the case of an EFL of 15 mm, the distance between S 10 and S 11 and the distance), and G3 is separated from window 130 by a distance d16 (in the case of an EFL of 15 mm, the distance between S 16 and S 17 and the distance). In the second state, G1 is separated from G2 by a distance d4' (in the case of an EFL of 30 mm, the distance between S4 and S5 in Table 18), G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d10' (in the case of an EFL of 30 mm, the distance between S 10 and S 11 and the distance), and G3 is separated from window 130 by a distance d16' (in the case of an EFL of 30 mm, the distance between S 16 and S 17 and the distance). [Table 17] [Table 18] [Table 19] [Table 20] FIG. 4G shows details of a lens element having an exemplary optical design of a sixth embodiment in a bendable telecamera such as camera 103 in a first zoom state, and FIG. 4H shows details of a lens element having the sixth optical design in a second zoom state. The figures show lens 114'''''', image sensor 118, and optional window 130. The sixth optical design is represented by Tables 21 to 24 and includes eight lens elements denoted as L1 to L8, which start from L1 on the object side facing the prism and end at L8 on the image side facing the image sensor. Table 21 shows optical data, Table 22 shows zoom data, Table 23 shows aspherical data, and Table 24 shows the focal lengths of the lenses or lens groups in mm.

[0082] In lens 114'''''', the lens elements L1 to L8 are grouped into three groups: a first group G1 including lens elements L1, L2, and L3, a second group G2 including lens elements L4, L5, and L6, and a third group including lens elements L7 and L8.

[0083] In Example 6, the camera is put into two zoom states by moving G2 within range R2 with respect to the image sensor while moving G1 and G3 together (as one unit) within a given range R 1,3 with respect to the image sensor. Note that R2 < R 1,3 exists. In Example 6, R 1,3 = 5.641 mm and R2 = 0.718. G1, G2, and G3 can also move together within range R AF with respect to the image sensor to change the focal length of camera 106 from infinity to 1 meter or 2 meters in any zoom state. Depending on the zoom state, R AF can be up to 0.4 mm at most.

[0084] FIG. 4G has EFL T = EFL Tmin = 13 mm, F# = F# Tmin = 1.8, and TTL T = TTL TminExample 6 of the first zoom state, where it is 19.84 mm. FIG. 4H shows the EFL T = EFL Tmax = 26 mm, F# = F# Tmax = 2.88, and TTL T = TTL Tmax Example 6 of the second zoom state, where it is 25.85 mm, is shown.

[0085] In the first state, G1 is separated from G2 by a distance d7 (the distance between S7 and S8 in Table 22 for an EFL of 13 mm), G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d13 (the distance between S 13 and S 14 in Table 22 for an EFL of 13 mm), and G3 is separated from window 130 by a distance d17 (the distance between S 17 and S 18 in Table 22 for an EFL of 13 mm). In the second state, G1 is separated from G2 by a distance d7' (the distance between S7 and S8 in Table 22 for an EFL of 26 mm), G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d13' (the distance between S 13 and S 14 in Table 22 for an EFL of 26 mm), and G3 is separated from window 130 by a distance d17' (the distance between S 17 and S 18 in Table 21 for an EFL of 26 mm). [Table 21] [Table 22] [Table 23] [Table 24] Figures 5A to 5E schematically show a first embodiment of a telephoto lens and sensor module (or simply "module") numbered 500. The description of the drawings will continue with reference to the coordinate system XYZ shown in Figures 5A to 5E and some other drawings. In one example, the module 500 has the optical design of a second embodiment. The module 500 includes an operating mechanism based on a VCM for switching between the zoom state and the focus state of the lenses 114’, 114’’, 114’’’, 114’’’’, 114’’’’’ and 114’’’’’’. Figure 5A schematically shows the module 500 in the state of EFL Tmin and Figure 5B schematically shows the module 500 in the state of EFL Tmin seen from another upper angle. Figure 5C schematically shows the module 500 in the state of EFL Tmax seen from one upper angle, and Figure 5D schematically shows the module 500 in the state of EFL Tmax seen from another upper angle. Figure 5E shows an exploded view of the module 500. The module 500 includes a lens assembly 502 ("G1G3 assembly"), a G2 lens assembly 504 ("G2 assembly"), a sensor assembly 506, an electromagnetic (EM) assembly 508, a base assembly 510, a first magnet 512, a first coil 514, a second magnet 516, a first set (exemplarily four) of balls 520, and a second set (exemplarily four) of balls 522. The lens assemblies 502 and 504 share the lens optical axis 116.

[0086] The first coil 514 is disposed adjacent to the first magnet 512 and is rigidly coupled (non - relatively movable) to the base assembly 510. The first coil 514 may be soldered to a PCB such as PCB 822 (FIG. 8), or may be routed to an external circuit (not shown) that enables sending input and output currents to the first coil 514, and the current carries both the power signal and the electronic signal necessary for operation. The coil 514 illustratively has a rectangular shape and typically includes dozens of coil windings (i.e., a non - limiting range of 50 - 250), and a typical resistance is 10 - 30 ohms. The first magnet 512 is a split magnet, separated into two sides by a middle split line 512a. On one side of the split line 512a, the magnet 512 has a north magnetic pole facing the positive X - direction, and on the other side of the split line 512a, the magnet 512 has a south magnetic pole facing the positive X - direction. When a current is driven through the first coil 514, a first Lorentz force is generated on the first magnet 512. In one example, a current flowing through the first coil 514 in the clockwise direction induces a first Lorentz force in the positive Z - direction on the first magnet 512, and a current flowing through the first coil 512 in the counter - clockwise direction induces a Lorentz force in the negative Z - direction on the first magnet 512. In one example, the first Lorentz force is used to move the lower operating assembly 560 in open - loop control from the first zoom state to the second zoom state and vice versa. That is, the lower operating assembly 560 is actuated between stops 720a, 720b and stops 722a, 722b (see below).

[0087] Figures 6A and 6B are EFL TminTwo bottom perspective views of the operating portion of module 500 showing the upper operating assembly 550 and the lower operating assembly 560 in the state. FIG. 6C shows the upper operating assembly 550 viewed from a certain angle of the bottom surface. The upper operating assembly 550 includes a G2 assembly 504, a second magnet 516, and a plurality of stepping magnets 626. The lower operating assembly 560 includes a G1G3 assembly 502, a first magnet 512, a stepping magnet 628, and four yokes 602a, 602b (FIG. 6B) and 604a, 604b (FIG. 6A). FIG. 7 shows the details of the base assembly 510, and the base assembly 510 includes guide rails 710a and 710b, and pull stop magnets 702a, 702b and pull stop magnets 704a, 704b. In FIG. 7, for the purpose of explanation, the pull stop magnets 702a, 702b and the pull stop magnets 704a, 704b are separated from the stops 720a, 720b and the stops 722a, 722b. The arrows indicate the adhesion positions of the pull stop magnets 702a, 702b and the pull stop magnets 704a, 704b at the stops 720a, 720b and the stops 722a, 722b. The yokes 602a, 602b are pulled by the pull stop magnets 702a, 702b, and the yokes 604a, 604b are pulled by the pull stop magnets 704a, 704b. Each of the guide rails 710a, 710b has respective grooves 712a, 712b. The base assembly 510 further includes two mechanical stops 706 and 708 exemplarily connected to the guide rail 710b. The mechanical stops 706 and 708 limit the stroke of the upper operating assembly 550. FIG. 8 shows the details of the EM assembly 508 on the PCB 822.

[0088] In one example, module 500 enables relative movement of lens assemblies 502 and 504 in a direction along the lens optical axis 116. Module 500 has exemplary length / width / height dimensions in the range of 3 to 40 mm. That is, module 500 has dimensions of 3x3x3 mm 3 ~40x40x40 mm 3It can be stored in a box. In one example, the module 500 has a height (along the Y axis) limited by adding the plastic thickness of the respective lens assemblies 502 and 504 (the plastic thickness is, for example, in the range of 0.5 to 1.5 mm) to the maximum clear aperture of the lens elements L1 to LN, adding the thickness of the shield 107 (the shield thickness is, for example, in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 mm), and adding the thicknesses of two gaps (each gap thickness is, for example, in the range of 0.05 to 0.15 mm) between the respective lens assemblies 502 and 504 and the shield 107. The clear apertures of the lens elements L1 to LN may be circular clear apertures or cut lens clear apertures, as will be described below.

[0089] In the module 500, the three lens groups (G1, G2, and G3) are held by two lens sub-assemblies of the G1G3 assembly (502) and the G2 lens assembly (504). The lens assemblies 502 and 504 are typically made of plastic. In some embodiments, the lens assembly 502 and G1 and G3 may be manufactured as a single part (similarly, the lens assembly 504 and the lens group G2 may be manufactured as a single part). In some embodiments, they may be separate parts. The lens assemblies 502 and 504 can be made, for example, by plastic molding or alternatively by other methods. The first magnet 512 and the second magnet 516 are fixedly attached (e.g., adhered) to the lens assemblies 502 and 504, respectively, from both sides across the lens optical axis 116 (in the X direction).

[0090] The lens assembly 502 includes several grooves that define a mechanical ball guide mechanism and enable operation along a linear rail for zooming purposes. In this example, six grooves are described, although a different number of grooves may be used. That is, two grooves 542a, 542b (FIG. 5E) on the upper surface of the lens assembly 502 along the Z direction, and four grooves 624a - 624d (FIG. 6A) on the bottom surface of the lens assembly 502 also along the Z direction. The lens assembly 504 includes several grooves that mate with a portion of the grooves of the lens assembly 502. In the illustrated embodiment, the lens assembly 504 includes four grooves 642a - 642d, only three of which are visible in FIG. 6C. The grooves 642a - 642d are parallel to each other and along the Z - axis (optical axis) and are used to guide the upper actuation assembly 550 along the Z direction.

[0091] The upper actuation assembly 550 is disposed on top of the lower actuation assembly 560 such that the grooves 642a, 642b (642c, 642d) are directly above and parallel to the grooves 542a (542b).

[0092] In the illustrated embodiment, four balls 520 are disposed at the upper part of the grooves 542a, 542b (two balls at the upper part of each groove) and at the lower part of the grooves 642a - 642d (FIG. 6C), and the balls 520 separate the lens assembly 502 and the lens assembly 504 so that the two components do not contact each other. In other embodiments, the module 500 can have more than four balls between the lens assembly 502 and the lens assembly 504, for example, up to seven balls per side, or up to fourteen balls in total. The balls 520 can be made of aluminum oxide or other ceramic materials, metals, or plastic materials. A typical ball diameter may be in the non - limiting range of 0.3 - 1 mm. For other ball size and positioning considerations, it may be similar to the co - owned international PCT patent application No. PCT / IB2017 / 052383 entitled "Rotational Ball Guided Voice Coil Motor".

[0093] Since the lens assemblies 502 and 504 are illustratively plastic-molded, there is a certain tolerance in the component dimensions, typically on the order of tens of microns or less for each dimension. This tolerance can lead to misalignment between the adjacent (opposing) grooves 542a, 542b and the grooves 642a - 642d. To better align the grooves, some of the grooves (e.g., 542a, 542b and 642c, 642d) may be V-shaped, i.e., having a V-cross-sectional shape to ensure the positioning of the balls, and the grooves 642a, 642b may have a wider, trapezoidal cross-section. The grooves 542b and the grooves 642c, 642d are aligned during assembly, but due to the trapezoidal cross-section of the latter grooves, there is a small gap in the alignment of the grooves 542a and the grooves 642a, 642b. The trapezoidal groove cross-section is merely illustrative, and other groove cross-sectional shapes (e.g., rectangular, flat, etc.) may be used, and as a result, one pair of grooves is well-aligned by the groove shape, while there is a gap even when the other pair of grooves is aligned.

[0094] The designs presented herein enable the precise alignment of the three lens element groups. The lens element groups G1 and G3 are mechanically fixed to the same component and can maintain alignment during the product life cycle, so they are well-aligned with each other. In some embodiments, the lens assembly 504 is molded as one component, and the alignment of the lens element groups G1 - G3 is based on plastic molding tolerances. In some embodiments, the lens assembly 504 is molded as several components that are adhesively bonded at the factory using active or passive alignment procedures. The lens element group G2 is aligned with the lens element groups G1 and G3 using a single pair of grooves (542b and 642c and / or 642d), i.e., the lens assemblies 502 and 504 are aligned with each other without an intermediate component.

[0095] Four balls 522 are disposed at the upper portions of grooves 712a, 712b (two balls at the upper portion of each groove) and at the lower portions of grooves 624a - 624d, such that the balls 522 separate the lens assembly 502 from the base assembly 510 and prevent the two components from contacting each other. In other embodiments, the module 500 can have more than four balls, for example, up to seven balls per side, or up to fourteen balls in total. The size, material, and other considerations regarding the balls 522 are the same as those of the balls 520. Other considerations regarding the grooves 712a, 712b and 624a - 624d are the same as those of the grooves 542a, 542b and 642a - 642d as described above.

[0096] The module 500 further includes several ferromagnetic yokes 716 (FIG. 7) fixedly attached (e.g., adhered) to the base assembly 510, with each yoke disposed below (along the Y direction) three of the stepping magnets 626 and 628. In other embodiments, the ferromagnetic yoke 716 may be a fixed part of the shield 107. In still other embodiments, the shield 107 itself can be made of a ferromagnetic material, or the bottom of the shield 107 can be made of a ferromagnetic material, such that the yoke is part of the shield. Each ferromagnetic yoke 716 pulls some of the stepping magnets 626 or 628 by the magnetic force in the negative Y direction. Thus, all the yokes prevent both the upper operating assembly 550 and the lower operating assembly 560 from separating from each other and from separating from the base 510 and the shield 107. The balls 520 prevent the upper operating assembly 550 from contacting the lower operating assembly 560, and the balls 522 prevent the lower operating assembly 560 from contacting the base assembly 510. Thus, both the upper operating assembly 550 and the lower operating assembly 560 are confined along the Y - axis and do not move in the Y direction. The groove and ball structure further confines the upper operating assembly 550 and the lower operating assembly 560 to move only along the lens optical axis 116 (Z - axis).

[0097] Figure 7 shows the details of the base assembly 510 and the fixed rails within the module 500. Along the Z direction, the upper actuating assembly 550 is restricted to move between the mechanical stops 706 and 708 at a distance equal to the required stroke (about 1 - 3 mm) of the lens element group G2 therebetween. Also, along the Z direction, the lower actuating assembly 560 is restricted to move between the mechanical stops 720a, 720b and 722a, 722b and / or between the pull stop magnets 702a, 702b and 704a, 704b.

[0098] Figure 8 shows the details of the EM assembly 508 within the module 500. The EM assembly 508 includes a second coil 818, two hall bar elements (``hall sensors'') 834a and 834b, and a PCB 822. The second coil 818 and the hall bar elements 834a, 834b may be (individually) soldered to the PCB 822. The second coil 818 illustratively has a rectangular shape and typically includes dozens of coil windings (e.g., non - limiting range is 50 - 250), and a typical resistance is 10 - 40 ohms. The PCB 822 enables sending input current and output current to the second coil 818 and the hall bar elements 834a, 834b, and the current carries both the power signal and the electronic signal necessary for operation. The PCB 822 may be electronically connected to an external camera by a wire (not shown). In one example (Figure 5E), the EM assembly 508 is disposed next to the second magnet 516. The second magnet 516 is a split magnet, separated into two sides by a middle split line 516a. On one side of the split line 516a, the magnet 516 has a north magnetic pole facing the positive X direction, and on the other side of the split line 516a, the magnet 516 has a south magnetic pole facing the positive X direction. When a current is driven through the second coil 818, a Lorentz force is generated on the second magnet 516. In one example, a current flowing through the second coil 818 in the clockwise direction induces a Lorentz force in the positive Z direction on the second magnet 516, and a current flowing through the second coil 818 in the counter - clockwise direction induces a Lorentz force in the negative Z direction on the second magnet 516.

[0099] The Hall bar elements 834a and 834b are designed to measure the magnetic field in the X direction (intensity and sign) at the center of each Hall bar element. The Hall bar elements 834a and 834b can detect the intensity and direction of the magnetic field of the second magnet 516. In one example, the positioning of the Hall bar element 834a on the PCB 822 is as follows. 1. In the X direction, both the Hall bar elements 834a and 834b are separated from the magnet 516 by a distance (e.g., 0.1 - 0.5 mm), and the distance is constant, but the magnet 516 is moving due to the need for zoom or focus. 2. When the system is in the first zoom state (EFLT = 15 mm), the Hall bar element 834a is close to the dividing line 516a along the Z direction. For example, for all focus positions in the first zoom state (macro continuously from infinity to 1 meter), the Hall element 834b is R AF away from the dividing line 516a along the Z direction. 3. When the system is in the second zoom state (EFL T = 30 mm), the Hall bar element 834b is close to the dividing line 516a along the Z direction. For example, for all focus positions in the first zoom state (macro continuously from infinity to 1 meter), the Hall element 834b is R AF away from the dividing line 516a along the Z direction.

[0100] In such a positioning method, when the system is in the first zoom state, the Hall bar element 834a can measure the respective positions of the second magnet 516 along the Z direction. This is because in the first zoom state, the magnetic field in the X direction is R between the focus position at infinity and the focus position at 1 meter. AFThis is because there is a measurable gradient on the trajectory of the Hall bar 834a along [direction not specified], and the magnetic field in the X direction can be correlated with the position. In addition, when the system is in the second zoom state, the Hall bar element 834b can measure the respective positions of the second magnet 516 along the Z direction. This is because in the second zoom state, the magnetic field in the X direction is between the focal position at infinity and the focal position at 1 meter in terms of R AF This is because there is a measurable gradient on the trajectory of the Hall bar 834b along [direction not specified], and the magnetic field in the X direction can be correlated with the position. A control circuit (not shown) is implemented within an integrated circuit (IC) to control the position of the second magnet 516 in a closed loop with respect to the EM assembly 508 (and the base assembly 510 to which the EM assembly 508 is rigidly coupled) while operating in either zoom state, and in an open loop while moving between zoom states (see FIG. 10 and the following description). In some cases, the IC can be combined with one or both of the Hall elements 834a, 834b. In other cases, the IC can be a separate chip that can be placed outside or inside the module 500 (not shown). In an exemplary embodiment, all electrical connections required by the module 500 are connected to the EM assembly 508, which is stationary with respect to the base assembly 510 and the outside world. Therefore, there is no need to transmit current to any moving parts.

[0101] The magnetoelectric design of module 500 enables the following operating method for operating the flexible camera 103. FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing such an exemplary method. In step 1002, the telecamera 103 is positioned with the lens 114 in one (e.g., first) zoom state. In step 1004, a determination is made (by the user or an algorithm) to refocus the telephoto lens 114, and the G2 assembly 504 is moved by closed-loop control (by a control device not shown) using the input from the hall bar element 834a, and the telecamera 103 is moved to another focal position in the first zoom state. In step 1008, a determination is made (by the user or an algorithm) to change the zoom state of the lens 114 of the camera 103 to another (e.g., second) zoom state. In step 1010, the G1G3 assembly 502 is moved to the mechanical stop 720 by open-loop control, and subsequently, in step 1012, the G2 assembly 504 is moved to the mechanical stop 706 by open-loop control. Thereafter, in step 1014, the G2 assembly 504 is moved by closed-loop control using the input from the hall bar element 834b, and in step 1016, the teleflexible camera 103 is set to the second zoom state and moved to yet another focal position. In step 1018, a determination is made to refocus the lens 114. By moving the G2 assembly by closed-loop control using the input from the hall bar element 834b, the lens 114 is refocused in the second zoom state. In step 1020, a determination is made (by the user or an algorithm) to change the second zoom state of the lens 114 of the camera 103 to the first zoom state. In step 1022, the G1G3 assembly 502 is moved to the mechanical stop 722 by open-loop control, and subsequently, in step 1024, the G2 assembly 504 is moved to the mechanical stop 708 by open-loop control.

[0102] In some embodiments, any lens element L i of two surfaces S 2i-1 , S 2ihas two openings each including two breaks (facets). In such a case, the lens element L i is called a "cut lens element". The breaks can reduce the height and / or length of the lens assembly. In one example, FIG. 9A shows a lens element 902 having axial symmetry and height H 902 and FIG. 9B shows a cut lens element 904 having two breaks 906 and 908 and height H 904 . The lens elements 902 and 904 have the same diameter D. Clearly H 904 <H 902 . In the example shown in FIG. 5, the first two lens elements (L1 and L2) are cut lens elements.

[0103] As described below, a clear height value CH(S k ) (1 ≦ k ≦ 2N) can be defined for each surface S k , and a clear aperture value CA(S k ) (1 ≦ k ≦ 2N) can be defined for each surface S k . CA(S k ) and CH(S k ) define the optical characteristics of each surface S k of each lens element.

[0104] As shown in FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 12, the light rays passing through the surface S k (1 ≦ k ≦ 2N) each hit an impact point IP. The light rays enter the lens module (e.g., 114’, 114’’, 114’’’) from the surface S1 and continuously pass from the surface S2 to the surface S 2N . Some light rays hit any surface S k but cannot reach the image sensor 118 / do not reach. For a given surface S k , only the light rays that can form an image on the image sensor 118 are considered to form a plurality of impact points IP. CH(S k ) is the orthogonal projection IP orth of all the impact points IP on the plane Pis defined as the distance between two parallel lines that are as close as possible to each other such that it is located between the two parallel lines (see lines 1200 and 1201 in FIG. 12) (in FIGS. 11A and 11B, the plane P is parallel to the X - Y plane and orthogonal to the optical axis 116). CH(S k ) can be defined for each surface S k (front and back surfaces, 1 ≦ k ≦ 2N).

[0105] The definition of CH(S k ) refers to the light rays that "can form" an image on the image sensor and thus does not depend on the object currently being imaged. Therefore, even if the object currently being imaged is located on a black background that does not generate light, the above definition does not refer to this black background because it refers to any light rays that "can reach" the image sensor to form an image (e.g., light rays emitted by a background that emits light in contrast to the black background). For example, FIG. 11A shows the orthogonal projections IP

[0106] of two impact points IP1 and IP2 on a plane P orthogonal to the optical axis 116. For example, in FIG. 11A, the surface S orth,1 is convex. orth,2 k

[0107] FIG. 11B shows the orthogonal projections IP orth,3 of two impact points IP3 and IP4 on the plane P. For example, in FIG. 3B, the surface S orth,4 is concave. k

[0108] In FIG. 12, the orthogonal projections IP k of all impact points IP of the surface S on the plane P are located between the parallel lines 1200 and 1202. Therefore, CH(S orth ) is the distance between the line 1200 and the line 1202. k

[0109] Referring to FIG. 13. According to the subject matter of the present disclosure, the clear aperture CA(S k ​​​​) is the diameter of a circle for a given surface S k (1 ≦ k ≦ 2N) is defined for each, where the circle is orthogonal to the optical axis 116 and all the orthogonal projections IP of all impact points on the plane P orth is the smallest circle located within the plane P that surrounds, CH(S k ) As described above regarding, CA(S k ) Note that the definition of does not depend on the object currently being imaged either.

[0110] As shown in FIG. 13, the circumscribed orthogonal projection IP of all impact points IP on the plane P orth is the circle 1300. The diameter of this circle 1300 defines CA(S k ).

[0111] In conclusion, the zoom camera disclosed in this specification is designed to overcome specific optical problems as follows.

[0112] - EFL Tmax > 1.8 × EFL Tmin Or EFL Tmax > 1.5 × EFL Tmin The lens design of enables the user to surely experience a significant difference in optical zoom by switching between the plurality of zoom states.

[0113] - In some embodiments (e.g., Example 1), TTL Tmax < EFL Tmax is. In some embodiments (e.g., Examples 2 and 3), TTL Tmax < 0.9 × EFL Tmax is. Such a lens design can reduce the length of the camera (along the Z - axis).

[0114] - In some embodiments (Examples 1 to 3), the first lens element has a clear aperture (diameter of S1) that is larger than the clear apertures of all other lens elements. In some embodiments (Module 500), the first lens has a first lens that is a cut lens element (see FIG. 9). Advantageously, such a lens design helps to achieve a small camera height.

[0115] - The change in the zoom state is caused by the actual movement amount of two or less lens groups. That is, in order to change the zoom state, some lens element groups move together within the first movement range, and some of the remaining lens element groups move together within the second movement range, while all other lens element groups do not move. As a result, since it is only necessary to move and control two mechanical elements, the control and design of the actuator are simplified.

[0116] - In some examples, F# Tmin <1.5×F# Tmax ×EFL Tmin / EFL Tmax is. In some examples, F# Tmin <1.2×F# Tmax ×EFL Tmin / EFL Tmax is. Such a lens design can achieve a low F# in the initial state.

[0117] - In some examples, for any lens element group, the movement from the first zoom state to the second zoom state has a stroke that is smaller than 0.75×(EFL Tmax -EFL Tmin ). In some examples, for any lens element group, the movement from the first zoom state to the second zoom state has a stroke that is smaller than 0.6×(EFL Tmax -EFL Tmin ). Such a lens design can limit the movement of the lens elements and / or simplify the operation.

[0118] - Focus adjustment can be performed by an additional movement of one of the lens element groups that move together due to a change in the zoom state, thereby simplifying the actuator design and improving control.

[0119] Regarding the characteristics of the lenses disclosed in this specification, - With a lens design having three lens groups, the complexity of the lens is minimized. - A lens design having lens groups with positive force, positive force, and negative force (from the object side) can result in a smaller movement of the lens groups for changing the zoom state. - In an example of the process for changing the zoom state (Example 1), the first lens element group G1 moves by a first amount, the third lens element group G3 moves by a second amount, but the second lens element group G2 does not move. The further movement of G3 can be used for focus adjustment. - In another example of the process for changing the zoom state (Example 2), G1 moves by a first amount together with G3, and G2 moves by a second amount. The further movement of G2 can be used for focus adjustment. - In yet another example of the process for changing the zoom state (Example 3), G1 moves by a first amount, G3 moves by a second amount, and G2 does not move. The further movement of the first G1 can be used for focus adjustment. - In yet another example of the process for changing the zoom state (Example 4), G1 moves together with G3, and G2 does not move. The further movement of the first G2 can be used for focus adjustment. - In yet another example of the process for changing the zoom state (Example 5), G1 moves together with G3, and G2 does not move. The further movement of G1 together with G3 can be used for focus adjustment. - In yet another example of the process for changing the zoom state (Example 6), G1 moves by a first amount together with G3, and G2 moves by a second amount. The further movement of all three lens groups together (thus, the movement of G1, G2, and G3 together) can be used for focus adjustment.

[0120] Table 25 summarizes the movement in each embodiment having an exemplary movement ("stroke") range.

Table 25

[0121] The values shown in the ranges of G1, G2, and G3 refer to the maximum range of the overall movement of the lens group with respect to the image sensor.

[0122] The values shown in the "AF maximum range" row refer to the maximum movement range of the lens group with respect to the image sensor defined in the "Group to be moved for focusing" row required to focus between infinity and 1 meter or 2 meters according to each relevant table of Tables 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 (referenced above). In most embodiments, the AF maximum range is given by the movement of the lens group with respect to a higher zoom state, i.e., an EFL Tmax in the state having.

[0123] In some embodiments, G1 and G3 may be in a stationary state, i.e., G1 and G3 do not move, while G2 may be moved to change the zoom state.

[0124] FIG. 14 schematically shows an embodiment of an electronic device including a multi-aperture camera having at least one multi-zoom state camera disclosed herein and labeled with number 1400. The electronic device 1400 includes a first camera module 1410 including OPFE 1412, and a first lens module 1414 that forms a first image recorded by a first image sensor 1416. A first lens actuator 1418 can move the lens module 1414 for focusing and / or optical image stabilization (OIS) and / or for changing between two different zoom states. In some embodiments, the electronic device 1400 may further include an application processor (AP) 1440. In some embodiments, the first calibration data may be stored in a first memory 1422 of the camera module, such as an EEPROM (registered trademark, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory). In other embodiments, the first calibration data may be stored in a third memory 1450, such as the NVM (non-volatile memory) of the electronic device 1400. The first calibration data may include one or more subsets of the calibration data, such as a first subset including calibration data between sensors of the wide camera and the tele camera in the first zoom state, and / or a second subset including calibration data between sensors of the wide camera and the tele camera in the second zoom state, and / or a third subset including calibration data between the sensor of the tele camera in the first zoom state and the same sensor in the second zoom state. The electronic device 1400 further includes a second camera module 1430 including a second lens module 1432 that forms an image recorded by a second image sensor 1434. A second lens actuator 1436 can move the lens module 1432 for focusing and / or OIS and / or for changing between two different zoom states. In some embodiments, the second calibration data may be stored in a second memory 1438 of the camera module. In other embodiments, the second calibration data may be stored in the third memory 1450 of the electronic device 1400.The second calibration data may include one or more subsets of the calibration data, for example, as described above.

[0125] In use, a processing unit such as AP1440 may receive first image data and second image data from camera module 1410 and camera module 1430 respectively, and supply camera control signals to camera modules 1410 and 1430. In some embodiments, AP1440 may receive calibration data from a third memory 1450. In other embodiments, AP1440 may receive calibration data stored in a first memory disposed on camera module 1410 and a second memory disposed on camera module 1430 respectively. In yet another embodiment, AP1440 may receive calibration data stored in a first memory disposed on camera module 1410 and a second memory disposed on camera module 1430 from the third memory 1450 of the electronic device 1400 as well. In some embodiments, an electronic device such as device 1400 may include a plurality of camera modules implemented with a flexible lens design and OPFE. In other embodiments, two or more camera modules may be implemented with a different lens design structure rather than a flexible lens design structure without OPFE. AP1440 can access the data stored in the third memory 1450. This data may include third calibration data. Image generator 1444 may be a processor configured to output an image based on the calibration data and the image data. Image generation unit 1444 may process the calibration data and the image data to output an output image.

[0126] The camera calibration data may include the following. - Stereo calibration data between camera modules 1410 and 1430, specifically, for example, stereo calibration data for all possible combinations of different lenses and different lens zoom states of two different zoom states of a tele camera. The stereo calibration data may include six degrees of freedom, for example, pitch, yaw and roll angles, and eccentricities in the x-axis, y-axis and z-axis. - Stereo calibration data between the camera module 1410 and the camera module 1430, specifically, for example, stereo calibration data for all possible combinations of different zoom states of the two different zoom states of the tele camera. These data may include six degrees of freedom. - Intrinsic camera parameters such as focal length and distortion profile for each camera module and for different zoom states (two different zoom states of the tele camera). - Hall sensor position values that may correspond to different focus positions at each of different zoom states (e.g., infinity, 1 m, and closest focus). - Lens shading profiles of the lens module for each of different zoom states.

[0127] FIG. 15A schematically shows an embodiment of a dual-aperture zoom camera with autofocus, labeled 1500, in an overall isometric view and a cross-sectional isometric view. The camera 1500 includes two camera modules labeled 1502 and 1504, and each camera module has its own optical system. Thus, the camera module 1502 includes an optical system block 1506 having not only the sensor 1512 but also the aperture 1508 and the optical lens module 1510. Similarly, the camera module 1504 includes an optical system block 1514 having not only the sensor 1520 but also the aperture 1516 and the optical lens module 1518. Each optical lens module may include several lens elements as well as infrared (IR) filters 1522a and 1522b. Optionally, some or all of the lens elements belonging to different apertures may be formed on the same substrate. The two camera modules are arranged adjacent to each other with a baseline 1524 placed between the centers of the two apertures 1508 and 1516. Each camera module may further include mechanisms for AF (auto-focus) mechanisms 1526 and 1528 and / or optical image stabilization (OIS), respectively, controlled by a controller (not shown).

[0128] FIG. 15B schematically shows an embodiment of a zoom and autofocus dual aperture camera 1530 having a folding tele lens in a cross-sectional isometric view related to the XYZ coordinate system. Camera 1530 includes two camera modules, namely, a wide camera module 1532 and a tele camera module 1534. The wide camera module 1532 includes a wide optical block having respective apertures 1538, a lens module 1540 having a Y-directional symmetric (and optical) axis 1542, and a wide image sensor 1544. The tele camera module 1534 includes a tele optical block having respective apertures 1548, an optical lens module 1550 having a tele lens symmetric (and optical) axis 1552a, and a tele image sensor 1554. Camera 1530 further includes an OPFE 1556. The tele optical path extends from an object (not shown) through the tele lens to the tele sensor and is denoted by arrows 1552b and 1552a. The various camera elements may be mounted on a substrate 1562, such as a printed circuit board (PCB), or on different substrates (not shown) as shown herein.

[0129] FIG. 15C schematically shows an embodiment in an overall isometric view of a zoom and autofocus triple aperture camera 1570 having one folding tele camera module 1534. Camera 1570 includes, for example, the elements and functions of camera 1530. That is, camera 1570 includes a wide camera module 1532 and a tele camera module 1534 with an OPFE 1556. Camera 1570 further includes a third camera module 1572 that may be a super wide camera having a super wide lens 1574 and an image sensor 1578. In other embodiments, the third camera module 1572 has an EFL that is intermediate between those of the wide camera module and the tele camera module M and FOV MIt may have. The symmetry (and optical) axis 1576 of the third camera module is substantially parallel to the axis 1542 of the camera module 1532. Although the first camera module and the third camera module are shown in a specific arrangement (with the third camera module 1572 closer to the tele camera module 1534), it should be noted that this order may be changed so that the wide camera module and the ultra-wide camera module can exchange places.

[0130] Figures 16A - H schematically show a second embodiment of a tele lens and sensor module, numbered 1600, disclosed herein. Module 1600 has the optical design of Example 6 in Table 25. Module 1600 includes an actuator 1610 for changing (also called "EFL switching") between the zoom states of lenses 114’, 114’’, 114’’’, 114’’’’, 114’’’’’, 114’’’’’’. Figure 16A schematically shows module 1600 in the state of the minimum EFL (EFL Tmin ), from an upper perspective, and Figure 16B schematically shows module 1600 in the state of the maximum EFL (EFL Tmax ), from an upper perspective. Figure 16C schematically shows a portion of module 1600 in the state of EFL Tmin , from an upper perspective, and Figure 16D schematically shows a portion of module 1600 in the state of EFL Tmax , from an upper perspective. Figure 16E schematically shows a portion of module 1600 in the state of EFL Tmin in a side view, and Figure 16F schematically shows a portion of module 1600 in the state of EFL Tmax in a side view. Figures 16G and 16H schematically show a portion of module 1600 in the state of EFL Tmin , from an upper perspective.

[0131] Module 1600 includes a G1G3 assembly 502, a G2 assembly 504, a sensor assembly 506, a module housing 1612, a lens frame 1618, four shape memory alloy (SMA) springs disposed in two pairs 1602a and 1602b, two mechanical (ordinary) springs 1604a, b, G2 stops 1614a, 1614b and 1616a, 1616b, and an AF actuator mechanism 1620. The G2 lens stops 1614a, b and 1616a, b may limit the displacement of the lens group G2 toward the object (image sensor 506) side of the module 1600. Actuator 1610 includes SMA springs 1602 and mechanical (ordinary) springs 1604. Exemplary values for the dimensions of SMA spring 1602 include a spring diameter of 0.5 mm, a wire diameter of 0.05 mm, and a number of coil turns in the dozens. The force that such a spring can produce is on the order of several grams. Considering module 1600 as viewed from above (e.g., module 1600 in FIGS. 16C and 16D), a pair of SMA springs (1602a) and one mechanical spring 1604a are located on the right hand side of the lens assembly, and a pair of SMA springs (1602b) and one mechanical spring 1604b are located on the left hand side of the lens. Springs 1602a (1604a) and 1602b (1604b) are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the module with respect to the optical axis 116. Springs 1602a (1604a) and 1602b (1604b) may have the same characteristics. The G1G3 assembly 502 and G3 504 share the lens optical axis 116. Module 1600 may include an upper cover, but the upper cover is not shown here for visibility reasons.

[0132] The two lens groups of the G1G3 assembly are fixed and connected to each other via two pins or rods 1606 (FIG. 16B) such that the distance along the optical axis 116 between them is constant. The assembly comprising G1, G3 and the rod 1606 is referred to herein as the "G13 assembly". The rod 1608 is parallel to the optical axis 116 and exists throughout the lens frame 1618. The rod 1608 guides the movement of the lens groups G1+G3 and G2, and those lens groups move by sliding on the rod 1608. G2 can "float" on the rod 1608 between the G2 stops 1614a and 1616a on one side of the module 1600 and between the G2 stops 1614b and 1616b on the other side of the module 1600. The G13 assembly is movable relative to the module housing 1612 and the image sensor 506, and provides two effective focal lengths EFL Tmin and EFL Tmax . The displacement of the G13 assembly along the optical axis 116 in the direction towards the image sensor 506 and away from the image sensor 506 is effected via SMA springs and mechanical springs. The two SMA springs within each spring pair 1602 may be parallel to each other and to the optical axis 116, and may be connected such that one end thereof is fixed to G3 and the other end is fixed to the lens frame 1618. One end of the mechanical spring 1604 (which is also parallel to the optical axis 116) may be fixed to G1 and the other end may be fixed to the lens frame 1618.

[0133] Based on the known characteristics and effects of SMA, the displacement of the G13 assembly in the direction towards the image sensor 506 and in the direction away from the image sensor 506 can be induced as follows: When heated, the SMA spring 1602 contracts, and the stress inside it increases significantly, resulting in a large compressive force. Conversely, when cooled, the stress inside it decreases significantly, and as a result, a small compressive force is generated. Therefore, for example, by driving the current passing through them, when the SMA spring 1602 is heated, the compressive force can be controlled to overcome the reverse compressive force of the mechanical spring 1604. As a result, the displacement of the G13 assembly in the direction away from the image sensor 506 occurs. In contrast, although it is usually done by turning off the supply of current, when the SMA spring is relaxed to the environmental temperature (for example, 60 °C), the compressive force of the mechanical spring 1604 overcomes the force of the SMA spring 1602, and as a result, the G13 assembly is displaced towards the image sensor 506.

[0134] Figures 16G and 16H show details of the AF operating mechanism 1620. The mechanism 1620 is used to focus a camera such as camera 103. The mechanism 1620 includes two coils 1622a and 1622b, a magnet assembly 1624 fixedly coupled to the frame 1618, and a hall sensor 1626 that can be soldered to a PCB (not shown in Figures 16G and 16H). The coils have a flat bottom and top surface and are located substantially within the Y-Z plane, and the coils are arranged along the Z direction (parallel to the lens optical axis and the moving directions of G1, G2, and G3). The coupling enables sending input and output currents to the coils 1622a and 1622b, and the currents carry both the power signal and the electronic signal required for operation. The hall sensor 1626 may be fixedly coupled to the module housing 1612 (the latter is not shown in Figures 16G and 16H) and is also used to determine the position of the lens frame 1618 relative to the module housing 1612 and the image sensor 506. The magnet assembly 1624 includes two split magnets 1624a and 1624b each having two polarizations, and the two polarizations are orthogonal to each other and are in the normal (anti-normal) direction with respect to the magnet surface. Details of the split magnets (and their functions in the VCM) similar to those in the magnet assembly 1624 are described above for the magnet 512 in Figures 5A - E. The polarizations are indicated by the hatching of the relevant regions of 1624a and 1624b respectively. Focusing is achieved by driving the current through the coils 1622a and 1622b.

[0135] Figures 17A - D schematically show a third embodiment of a telephoto lens and sensor module, numbered 1700, disclosed herein. Similar to module 1600, module 1700 has the optical design of Example 6 in Table 25. Figure 17A schematically shows module 1700 in the state of EFL Tmin and Figure 17B schematically shows module 1700 in the state of EFL Tmax Figure 17C schematically shows module 1700 in the state of EFL from a top perspective.Tmax Schematically shows a portion of module 1700 in the state, and FIG. 17D schematically shows a portion of module 1700.

[0136] Module 1700 includes a VCM mechanism 1710 for changing between the zoom state and the focus state of lenses 114’, 114’’, 114’’’, 114’’’’, 114’’’’’, 114’’’’’’. Module 1700 further includes a G1G3 assembly 502, a G2 assembly 504, a sensor assembly 506, a module housing 1612, and a lens frame 1706. The VCM mechanism 1710 includes two VCMs 1710a and 1710b on each side of the module, and two G2 lens stops 1702 and 1704. The lens stops 1702 and 1704 may limit the displacement of G2 towards the object (image sensor 506) side of module 1700. Considering module 1700 as seen from above (e.g., shown in FIGS. 17C and 17D from two opposite sides), the VCMs 1710a and 1710b may have the same structure and characteristics. The lens assemblies 502 and 504 share the lens optical axis 116. Module 1700 may include an upper cover not shown here for visibility reasons.

[0137] The VCM mechanism 1710 includes two coil assemblies 1730a and 1730b, and two magnet assemblies 1720a and 1720b, which are components of VCMs 1710a and 1710b respectively. The coil assemblies and the magnet assemblies 1720a and 1720b are symmetrically located on both sides of the module with respect to the optical axis 116. However, VCMs 1710a and 1710b are different from each other in terms of the number and position of the hall sensors, as will be described later. Exemplarily, in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 17A - 17D, the coil assemblies 1730a and 1730b each include four coils 1730c, 1730d, 1730e, and 1730f (see also FIG. 17C), and the magnet assemblies 1720a and 1720b each include two magnets 1720c and d, and each magnet has two polarities (see also FIG. 17D). The magnet assembly 1720a is disposed on one side of the module (e.g., the side facing away from the viewer), and the magnet assembly 1720b is disposed on the other side of the module (i.e., the side facing the viewer).

[0138] In FIGS. 17A and 17B, for clarity and visibility reasons, a specific part (i.e., the outer wall) of the housing 1612 that would cover the VCM mechanism 1710 if shown is not illustrated. FIG. 17C shows the module 1700 without the housing 1612 to emphasize the VCM mechanism 1710. FIG. 17D shows the module 1700 without the housing 1612 and also without the coil assembly 1730 to emphasize the magnet assembly 1720 of the VCM mechanism 1710. The coil assembly 1730 may be fixed (e.g., soldered) to a PCB (not shown in FIG. 17C) that enables sending input and output currents to the coils within the coil assembly 1730. The current carries both the power signal and the electronic signal necessary for operation. The PCB may be fixed and coupled (e.g., adhered with an adhesive) to the housing 1612, and the magnet assembly 1720 is fixed and coupled to the lens frame 1706.

[0139] FIG. 17E shows magnet assembly 1720. The magnet assembly 1720 may comprise a single magnet having four alternating polarities, indicated by arrows in different directions, the polarities being in the normal (or anti-normal) direction with respect to the surface of the magnet. Alternatively, for example, to reduce manufacturing complexity, a single magnet having four polarities may be replaced with a magnet sub-assembly 1720' that includes two magnets having two polarities as indicated by the arrows.

[0140] FIG. 17F schematically shows the operation method by VCMs 1710a and 1710b between the state of EFL Tmin and the state of EFL Tmax The magnetism of the sub-regions within the magnet shown in FIG. 17E is indicated by hatching. VCMs 1710a and 1710b operate by driving currents through different coils in a known and predefined sequence. For example, to convey the magnet along the z-axis (in the direction where the value of z becomes larger), the following sequence may be executed (see FIG. 17F for coil number notations 1 to 4):

Table 26

[0141] In a VCM, typically, the magnet is part of the dynamic mechanism while the coil is static. Typically, the magnet constitutes a major part of the mass of the mechanism. As a result, achieving a fast settling time and maintaining a small volume of the magnet are of great concern. Therefore, the configurations of the VCM shown in FIGS. 17A - 17J show a solution that maintains a small magnet mass while introducing a large stroke. For example, using this configuration, a stroke of ~7 mm can be achieved by using a magnet with a length of one ~11 mm. For comparison, to achieve a 7 mm stroke using one magnet (not four as in our description) and one coil, the length of the magnet would have to be ~17 mm.

[0142] FIGS. 17G and 17H respectively show a side view of an operating method for switching the zoom state of VCMs 1710a and 1710b in the state of EFL Tmin and in the state of EFL Tmax The hall sensor 1708 (partially removed here to expose the actuator 1710) fixedly coupled to the module housing 1612 determines the position of the module frame 1706 relative to the module housing 1612 for a controlled switch between the state of EFL Tmin and the state of EFL Tmax FIGS. 17I and 17J respectively show a side view, on the opposite side from that in FIGS. 17G and 17H, of the actuator modes of VCMs 1710a and 1710b in the state of EFL

[0143] and in the state of EFL Tmin and in the state of EFL Tmax The hall sensors 1712 and 1714 are fixedly coupled to the module housing 1612 and determine the position of the module frame 1706 relative to the module housing 1612 for focusing the camera 103. In the state of EFL as shown in FIG. 17I TminIn the state of , the position of the module frame 1706 relative to the module housing 1612 is determined by the hall sensor 1714. The EFL shown in FIG. 17J Tmax In the state of , the position of the module frame 1706 relative to the module housing 1612 is determined by the hall sensor 1712.

[0144] To control the stroke for switching the zoom state, one hall sensor on one side of the housing can be used (see FIGS. 17G and 17H). To control the stroke for focusing, the EFL Tmin When in the state of , the hall sensor 1714 is used, and the EFL Tmax When in the state of , the hall sensor 1712 can be used (FIGS. 17I and 17J).

[0145] FIGS. 18A and 18B show, in perspective view, an embodiment of an adhesion subsystem 1810 for adhering G2 to G1 (magnetically coupling) in the zoom state of the EFL Tmin The adhesion subsystem 1810 may include four yokes 1814a, 1814b, 1814c, and 1814d and four magnets 1816a, 1816b, 1816c, and 1816d. The adhesion of G2 to G1 is achieved by the adhesion subsystem 1810 alone, without a specified actuator, for example, without a VCM.

[0146] FIGS. 18C and 18D show, in perspective view, another embodiment of an adhesion subsystem 1820 for adhering G2 to G3 in the zoom state of the EFL Tmax The adhesion subsystem 1820 may include four yokes 1824a, 1824b, 1824c, and 1824d and four magnets 1826a, 1826b, 1826c, and 1826d. The adhesion of G2 to G3 is achieved by the adhesion subsystem 1820 alone, without a specified actuator, for example, without a VCM.

[0147] Subsystems 1810 and 1820 are based on the attraction between the magnet and the yoke, but creating a sensor system for determining the positions of the dedicated VCM and G2 may be necessary to achieve autofocus redundancy.

[0148] Figures 19A - 19D show the G2 stop removal mechanism 1900. The G2 removal mechanism may be included within module 1600 or within module 1700 to enable the macro shooting mode (or "macro mode") as described above. The G2 stop removal mechanism 1900 includes a G2 stop 1906, mechanical springs 1902b and SMA springs 1904b, and mechanical springs 1902a (not visible here) and SMA springs 1904a (not visible here). Springs 1904a (1902a) and 1904b (1902b) are arranged symmetrically with respect to the optical axis 116 on both sides of the module.

[0149] Figure 19A Tmax shows, in perspective view, the G2 stop removal mechanism 1900 with the G2 stop 1906 activated in the state of EFL. "Activated" means that a mechanical element or member 1908 (also called "tongue" as described later) engages (by the spring configuration described later) to prevent G2 from moving together with G1 or G3. The G2 assembly 504 is magnetically coupled to the G1G3 assembly 502, but G2 is magnetically coupled to G3. This configuration may enable tele photography.

[0150] Figure 19B shows, in a perspective view, the G2 stop removal mechanism 1900 in a state where the G2 stop 1906 is de-activated in the macro mode state. "De-activated" means that a mechanical element or mechanical member is disengaged and does not prevent the movement of G2. Here, the G2 assembly 504 is magnetically coupled to the G1G3 assembly 502, but G2 is magnetically coupled to G1. This state can be used for macro photography. To deactivate the G2 stop, the SMA springs 1904a and 1904b are heated, and a current passing through the SMA springs 1904a and 1904b is driven to compress them. Since the compressive force is greater than the contraction force of the mechanical springs 1902a and 1902b, the G2 stop 1906 moves away (is removed) from the housing 1612 on the side of the SMA springs 1904a and 1904b.

[0151] Figure 19C shows a portion of the G2 stop removal mechanism 1900 in a state where the stop 1906 is activated in the EFL Tmin or EFL Tmax state. Figure 19D shows a portion of the G2 stop removal mechanism 1900 in a state where the G2 stop 1906 is de-activated. The tongue 1908 is part of the assembly 504 and stops the movement of the G2 assembly 504 when the G2 stop 1906 is activated. In the EFL Tmin state to the EFL Tmax state, when the zoom state is switched, G2 is separated from G1 and connected to G3 towards the end of the zoom switching process, which is performed, for example, via a magnet-based mechanism as described in FIGS. 18A - D. The tongue 1908 does not stop the movement of G2 when the G2 stop 1906 is activated, and G2 remains connected to G1. If no further current is driven through the SMA springs 1904a and 1904b, the G2 stop 1906 is re-activated.

[0152] In another embodiment, module 1600 or module 1700 or module 1900 may have the optical design of Example 6 in Table 25 and may be used for macro photography in macro mode. To switch to macro mode, lenses 114’, 114’’, 114’’’, 114’’’’, 114’’’’’ must be in the state of EFL Tmin In the state of. When switching to macro mode, the lens must be in the state of EFL with G2 stop 1906 deactivated Tmin In the state of. Then, the lens is switched to EFL with G2 stop 1906 deactivated Tmax As shown in FIG. 19B, for the removal of the G2 lens stop, G2 remains adhered to G1.

[0153] With the optical design of Example 6 in Table 25, for example, a maximum macro mode magnification M of M = 0.44 is achieved. Here, M refers to the ratio of the size of the image of the object on the image sensor to the size of the actual object. This is an approximation of a thin lens [Number] By, when EFL = 13 mm and lens-image distance v = 19 mm, object-lens distance u = 42 mm, and thus magnification M = 19 / 43 = 0.44. This maximum magnification is achieved with the lens configuration as shown in FIG. 19B. Here, G1, G2, and G3 are moved together as far as possible towards the object (i.e., away from the sensor).

[0154] Smaller magnifications M down to zero magnification (for an infinitely distant object) can be continuously selected. To make the magnification smaller, the lens group must be in the macro mode configuration (defined by G1 being adhered to G2), and G1, G2, and G3 must be moved together towards the image sensor.

[0155] For example, magnification M = 0.23 may be a desired magnification. M maxTo switch from the state where M = 0 to M = 0.23, the lens must be configured in macro mode and G1, G2, and G3 must be moved together 3 mm towards the image sensor. According to the approximation of the thin lens described above, when EFL = 13 mm and the lens-image distance v = 16 mm, the object-lens distance u = 69 mm, and thus the magnification M = 16 / 69 = 0.23.

[0156] M max From the state where M is zero magnification (i.e., M = 0) to the state of M min To switch to the state, in the macro mode configuration, G1 + G2 + G3 must be moved together 6 mm towards the image sensor. Then, EFL = 13 mm and the lens-image distance v = 13 mm, which is converted to M = 0.

[0157] Although the present disclosure describes a limited number of embodiments, it will be understood that many variations, modifications, and other applications of such embodiments may be made. Generally, the present disclosure is not to be limited by the specific embodiments described herein, but should be understood to be limited only by the appended claims.

[0158] All references mentioned in this specification are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety as if each individual reference were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference herein. Further, the citation or identification of any reference in this application should not be construed as an admission that such reference is available as prior art to this application.

Claims

1. A lens having a plurality of lens elements along a lens optical axis, which is divided into a lens element group G1, a lens element group G2, and a lens element group G3; An image sensor; An optical path bending element (OPFE); A first actuator for moving G1 and G3 together with respect to the image sensor in a direction parallel to the lens optical axis to put the lens in two zoom states; A bending type camera module comprising a second actuator for adjusting focus by moving the plurality of lens element groups with respect to the image sensor, G1 and G3 are fixedly attached to each other; G2 is movable along the lens optical axis with respect to the image sensor within a movement range smaller than the movement ranges of G1 and G3, or floats between two stops, adheres to G1 in a first zoom state, and adheres to G3 in a second zoom state; The lens has an effective focal length EFL, and the EFL changes from a minimum value EFL in a first zoom state ｍｉｎ to a maximum value EFL in a second zoom state ｍａｘ and varies Ratio EFL ｍａｘ / EFL ｍｉｎ is greater than 1.5, One of the plurality of lens elements has a clear aperture height CA greater than the clear aperture heights of any other lens element; The folding camera module has a folding camera module height H Ｍ and has H Ｍ is less than or equal to CA + 3.6 mm, The second actuator includes at least two coils and corresponding at least two magnets, and the corresponding at least two magnets each have a magnetic polarization, the bending type camera module.

2. H Ｍ The folding camera module according to claim 1, wherein H ≦ CA + 3.5 mm.

3. H Ｍ The bending camera module according to claim 1, wherein H ≦ CA + 3 mm.

4. H Ｍ The bendable camera module according to claim 1, wherein H ≤ CA + 2.5 mm.

5. H Ｍ The folding camera module according to claim 1, wherein H ≦ CA + 2 mm.

6. H Ｍ The bending camera module according to claim 1, wherein H ≦ CA + 1.3 mm.

7. The second actuator includes at least four coils and corresponding at least four magnets, and the corresponding at least four magnets each have a magnetic polarization, the bending type camera module according to Claim 1.

8. The bending type camera module receives light from a first direction orthogonal to the lens optical axis; The lens has a right side and a left side defined along an axis orthogonal to both the lens optical axis and the first direction; The second actuator is located on both the right side and the left side of the lens, the bending type camera module according to Claim 1.

9. G1 and G3 are fixedly attached to each other by a plurality of rods; G2 is guided by the plurality of rods and can move along a direction parallel to the lens optical axis with respect to the plurality of rods, the bending type camera module according to Claim 1.

10. The flexure type camera module according to claim 1, wherein the movements of G1, G2, and G3 are guided along the lens optical axis by a ball guide mechanism that forms a linear rail.

11. The flexure type camera module according to claim 10, wherein the ball guide mechanism includes at least one groove on the lens carrier of G2, at least one groove on the lens carriers of G1 and G3, and a plurality of balls between the groove on the lens carrier of G2 and the grooves on the lens carriers of G1 and G3.

12. EFL ｍａｘ / EFL ｍｉｎ The folding camera module according to claim 1, wherein it is 2.

13. EFL ｍａｘ is in the range of 20 to 40 mm, and the EFL ｍｉｎ is in the range of 10 to 20 mm, the folding camera module according to claim 1.

14. The flexure type camera module according to claim 1, wherein the first lens element L1 of the plurality of lens elements faces the object side and has a clear aperture height CA that is greater than the clear aperture height of any of the other lens elements.

15. For any lens element group, the movement from the first zoom state to the second zoom state has a width smaller than 0.6 × (EFL Ｔｍａｘ − EFL Ｔｍｉｎ ). The folding camera module according to claim 1.

16. The flexure type camera module according to claim 1, wherein the first lens element L1 of the plurality of lens elements faces the object side and is a cut lens element.

17. The lens has an F-number (F#), and the minimum value of F# (F# ｍｉｎ ) and the maximum value of F# (F# ｍａｘ ) satisfy the condition of F# ｍｉｎ < 1.5 × F# ｍａｘ × EFL ｍｉｎ / EFL ｍａｘ The folded camera module according to claim 1.

18. The lens has an F-number (F#), and the minimum value of F# (F# ｍｉｎ ), and the maximum value of F# (F# ｍａｘ ) are such that F# ｍｉｎ ≤ 2.8 and F# ｍａｘ ≤ 4. The folding camera module according to claim 1.

19. The lens has a total track length TTL, and the maximum value of TTL (TTL ｍａｘ ) is such that TTL ｍａｘ < EFL ｍａｘ The folding camera module according to claim 1, satisfying the condition of.

20. Included in a dual camera together with a wide camera module The wide camera module has a wide-angle lens with an effective focal length EFL Ｗ and EFL ｍｉｎ > 1.5 × EFL Ｗ The folding camera module according to claim 1, wherein this is the case.

21. The flexure type camera module according to claim 1, wherein the flexure type camera module is included in a portable device.

22. The flexure type camera module according to claim 21, wherein the portable device is a smartphone.

Images