Emergency ventilation system

Abstract

To provide an emergency ventilation device capable of suppressing a decrease in the removal performance of a filter and prolonging the life of the filter. [Solution] The device comprises an airtight chamber 2, suction means 3 that draws in outside air through an inlet 22 provided at one end of the airtight chamber 2 and expels the outside air through a suction port 23 provided at the other end of the airtight chamber 2, a vortex generating section 4 that generates a vortex in the outside air using an inner surface 41 formed in an arc shape along the inflow direction of the inlet 22, and a group of filters 5 provided downstream of the vortex generating section 4 that pass the vortex-generated outside air through them to remove dust and harmful components.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an emergency ventilation device for ventilating an evacuation space such as an underground shelter in an emergency such as a special disaster. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, there are known technologies for ventilating the inside of shelters that serve as evacuation destinations in the event of a disaster, etc. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-167379 proposes a shelter ventilation system that can minimize secondary exposure and secondary contamination inside the shelter (Patent Document 1). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-167379 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In conventional ventilation devices, including the shelter ventilation system described in Patent Document 1, when the filter that removes dust and the like becomes clogged and its removal performance deteriorates, it needs to be replaced with a new filter. However, since used filters with reduced removal performance may be contaminated with harmful components such as radioactive materials and biological weapons, there is a desire to use the filter for as long as possible without replacing it.

[0005] The present invention has been made to solve such problems, and aims to provide an emergency ventilation device that can prevent the filter's removal performance from decreasing and extend the life of the filter. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The emergency ventilation device of the present invention is an emergency ventilation device for ventilating an evacuation space in an emergency in order to solve the problem of preventing a decrease in the removal performance of a filter and extending the life of the filter, and comprises an airtight airtight chamber, suction means for drawing in outside air through an inlet provided on one end side of the airtight chamber and discharging the outside air from a suction port provided on the other end side of the airtight chamber, a vortex generating section provided on one end side of the airtight chamber and generating a vortex in the outside air by means of an inner circumferential surface formed in an arc shape along the inflow direction of the inlet, and a group of filters provided downstream of the vortex generating section and which pass the vortex-generated outside air through which dust and harmful components are removed.

[0007] Furthermore, as one aspect of the present invention, in order to solve the problem of reliably removing dust particles and harmful components contained in the outside air, the filter group may comprise a pre-filter that removes relatively large dust particles contained in the outside air, a HEPA filter that removes relatively small dust particles contained in the outside air, and a chemical filter box that removes harmful components contained in the outside air, arranged in this order along the suction direction of the suction means.

[0008] Furthermore, as an aspect of the present invention, to solve the problem of easily and quickly setting the chemical filter box without damaging the airtight gasket, when the suction direction is from bottom to top, there may be provided a pair of slide guides provided on both side surfaces of the chemical filter box, a pair of guide receivers provided on the inner surface of the airtight chamber and allowing each of the slide guides to slide, and an airtight gasket provided on the upper end surface of the HEPA filter and maintaining airtightness between the lower end surface of the chemical filter box, wherein the tip of the slide guide is provided with a sliding convex portion that slides against the sliding surface of the guide receiver while maintaining a height position where the lower end surface of the chemical filter box does not contact the airtight gasket, and the tip of the guide receiver may be provided with an insertion recess that, when the sliding convex portion is fitted, lowers the lower end surface of the chemical filter box to a height position where it is in close contact with the airtight gasket.

[0009] Furthermore, as one aspect of the present invention, in order to solve the problem of positioning the chemical filter box in the correct set position and preventing misalignment, the rear end of the slide guide may be provided with a stopper protrusion that prevents sliding with the guide receiver, and the rear end of the guide receiver may be provided with a stopper recess that can engage with the stopper protrusion.

[0010] Furthermore, as one aspect of the present invention, in order to solve the problem of sufficiently and efficiently collecting dust even with a drive motor with a low output, a flow rate adjustment plate may be provided that is swingably arranged near the inlet and that can increase or decrease the opening area of ​​the inlet.

[0011] Furthermore, as one aspect of the present invention, in order to solve the problem of generating static electricity in the vortex generating section and the flow velocity adjusting plate to improve the performance of removing fine dust particles, the vortex generating section and the flow velocity adjusting plate may be made of a resin material at least on the surface that comes into contact with the outside air.

[0012] Furthermore, as one aspect of the present invention, in order to solve the problem of preventing normal ventilation and emergency ventilation from being mistakenly performed, the piping connecting the suction port and the suction means may be connected to a normal ventilation port used for normal ventilation. [Effects of the Invention]

[0013] According to the present invention, the deterioration of the removal performance of the filter can be suppressed, and the filter can be made to last longer. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0014] [Figure 1] 1 is a front view showing the internal structure of an embodiment of an emergency ventilation device according to the present invention. FIG. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a plan view of FIG. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a right side view of FIG. [Figure 4]FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional plan view of a vortex generating section in an airtight chamber. [Figure 5] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the emergency ventilation device of the present embodiment. [Figure 6] 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating the flow of outside air in the vortex generating unit of the present embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is an enlarged view showing a filter group of the present embodiment. [Figure 8] 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating how the chemical filter box of the present embodiment is set. [Figure 9] 1 is a table showing the measurement results of Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0015] Hereinafter, an embodiment of an emergency ventilation device according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0016] The emergency ventilation device 1 of this embodiment is for ventilating an evacuation space in an emergency, and as shown in Figures 1 to 5, mainly comprises an airtight chamber 2, a suction means 3 provided at the top of the airtight chamber 2, a vortex generating unit 4 provided at the bottom of the airtight chamber 2, and a filter group 5 provided downstream of the vortex generating unit 4, all housed inside a housing 11. Each component will be described below.

[0017] In the present invention, an emergency is assumed to be a disaster caused by chemical, biological, radioactive, nuclear, or explosive materials, which are known as CBRNE (Chemical, Biological, Radioactive, Nuclear, or Explosive Disasters, but is not limited to these and includes various other disasters such as earthquakes, fires, and typhoons.

[0018] In addition, in the present invention, evacuation spaces include not only shelters such as underground shelters and nuclear shelters, but also all evacuation facilities used in emergencies, such as gymnasiums and community centers.

[0019] The airtight chamber 2 is formed in an airtight box shape, and as shown in Fig. 4, its front surface is configured to be swingable by an inner door 21. As shown in Fig. 1, the airtight chamber 2 is provided with an inlet 22 at its lower end and a suction port 23 at its upper end. In this embodiment, a pipe 22a provided at the inlet 22 protrudes to the outside of the housing 11 and takes in outside air through an emergency ventilation port 24. As shown in Fig. 2, a pipe 23a provided at the suction port 23 is connected to the suction means 3 and also communicates with a normal ventilation port 25 used for normal ventilation.

[0020] In this embodiment, since the suction direction by the suction means 3 is from bottom to top, the inlet 22 is provided at the lower end side of the airtight chamber 2 and the suction port 23 is provided at the upper end side, but this configuration is not limited to this, and it is sufficient that the inlet 22 is provided at one end side of the airtight chamber 2 and the suction port 23 is provided at the other end side of the airtight chamber 2 depending on the suction direction. In addition, in each figure, to make it easier to understand the internal structure of the emergency ventilation device 1, the outer door 12 at the front of the housing 11, the inner door 21 at the front of the airtight chamber 2, and the piping provided at the suction port 23 are appropriately omitted from the illustrations.

[0021] The suction means 3 draws outside air into the airtight chamber 2. In this embodiment, the suction means 3 is composed of a turbo blower 31 connected to the suction port 23 and a drive motor 32 that drives the turbo blower 31. With this configuration, when the drive motor 32 drives the turbo blower 31, outside air is drawn into the airtight chamber 2 through the suction port 23 to create a negative pressure, so that outside air is drawn in through the emergency ventilation opening 24 and the inlet 22, and the outside air is discharged from the suction port 23 and then supplied into the evacuation space through the piping 23a and the outlet 31a of the turbo blower 31.

[0022] In this embodiment, the drive motor 32 is integrated with a speed increaser, which allows the rotation speed of the drive motor 32 to be appropriately increased. The drive motor 32 is also provided with a manual handle 33, which allows the drive motor 32 to be driven manually in the event of a power outage or the like.

[0023] The vortex generating unit 4 generates a vortex in the outside air that has flowed into the airtight chamber 2. In this embodiment, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, the vortex generating unit 4 is provided at the bottom, which is one end of the airtight chamber 2, and has an inner circumferential surface 41 that is formed in an arc shape along the inflow direction of the inlet 22. With this configuration, as shown in Figure 6, the outside air that has flowed into the airtight chamber 2 swirls along the inner circumferential surface 41, so that dust contained in the outside air is separated and collected by centrifugal force.

[0024] In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, a flow velocity adjusting plate 42 that can adjust the opening area of ​​the inlet 22 is provided near the inlet 22 and can swing. By swinging the flow velocity adjusting plate 42 and fixing it at any angle, the opening area of ​​the inlet 22 increases or decreases, and the flow velocity increases or decreases according to the opening area. Here, the results of Example 1 described below show that the dust collection efficiency in the vortex flow generating unit 4 improves as the flow velocity increases, and the particle size of the dust collected by the vortex flow generating unit 4 decreases as the flow velocity increases. Therefore, by adjusting the flow velocity with the flow velocity adjusting plate 42, it is possible to adjust the collection efficiency and dust particle size in the vortex flow generating unit 4.

[0025] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the vortex generating unit 4 and the flow velocity adjusting plate 42 are made of a resin material, at least on the surfaces that come into contact with the outside air, by applying a resin coating or a powder baked coating of a resin paint, etc. As a result, dust contained in the outside air generates static electricity through contact and friction with the resin surface, so even fine dust particles are attracted to and collected by the vortex generating unit 4 and the flow velocity adjusting plate 42.

[0026] The filter group 5 removes dust particles and harmful components contained in the outside air. In this embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 and 5, the filter group 5 is provided above the vortex generating unit 4, and includes a pre-filter 51 that removes relatively large dust particles contained in the outside air, a HEPA filter 52 that removes relatively small dust particles contained in the outside air, and a chemical filter box 53 that removes harmful components contained in the outside air, which are arranged in this order from bottom to top.

[0027] A coarse dust filter made of nonwoven fabric or the like can be used as the prefilter 51. A HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filter is an air filter that, as specified by the JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards), has a particle collection efficiency of 99.97% or more for particles with a particle diameter of 0.3 μm at a rated air volume and an initial pressure loss of 245 Pa or less.

[0028] The chemical filter box 53 is box-shaped and contains multiple activated carbon filters impregnated with metal components (zinc, copper, tin, etc.) that neutralize harmful components. In the present invention, harmful components include all components that are harmful to the human body, such as toxic chemicals, biological weapons such as bacteria and viruses, and radioactive materials.

[0029] The configuration of the filter group 5 is not limited to the three types of filters described above, and any filter capable of removing dust and harmful components may be used as appropriate. Furthermore, the order in which the filter group 5 is arranged is not limited to bottom-to-top, and it is sufficient that they are arranged along the suction direction of the suction means 3. Furthermore, the filter group 5 may be arranged downstream of the vortex generating unit 4 in the suction direction. In this way, the outside air swirled by the vortex generating unit 4 passes through, removing dust and harmful components.

[0030] 7, airtight packings 54 for maintaining airtightness are provided between the upper end surface of the prefilter 51 and the lower end surface of the HEPA filter 52, and between the upper end surface of the HEPA filter 52 and the lower end surface of the chemical filter box 53. This prevents dust and harmful components contained in the outside air from leaking out and allows them to be removed by the filter group 5.

[0031] In this embodiment, as described above, the suction direction of the suction means 3 is from bottom to top. Therefore, if one attempts to manually set the topmost chemical filter box 53 in the small airtight chamber 2, it is difficult to accurately install it in the desired position due to its considerable weight. However, dragging the chemical filter box 53 over the airtight packing 54 provided on the top surface of the HEPA filter 52 could damage the airtight packing 54.

[0032] Therefore, in this embodiment, as a configuration for easily and quickly setting the chemical filter box 53 without damaging the airtight packing 54, a pair of slide guides 55, 55 are provided on both side surfaces of the chemical filter box 53, and a pair of guide receivers 56, 56 for sliding each of the slide guides 55 are provided on the inner surface of the airtight chamber 2, as shown in Figures 1, 3, and 8.

[0033] As shown in Fig. 8, the tip of the slide guide 55 is provided with a sliding convex portion 55a that slides against the sliding surface of the guide receiver 56 while maintaining a height position where the bottom end surface of the chemical filter box 53 does not contact the airtight packing 54. Meanwhile, the tip of the guide receiver 56 is provided with an insertion recess 56a that, when the sliding convex portion 55a is inserted, lowers the bottom end surface of the chemical filter box 53 to a height position where it comes into close contact with the airtight packing 54. Furthermore, the sliding convex portion 55a and the insertion recess 56a are inclined downward toward the back, allowing the chemical filter box 53 to be smoothly lowered to the set position.

[0034] In this embodiment, as a configuration for positioning the chemical filter box 53 in the correct set position and preventing misalignment, the rear end of the slide guide 55 is provided with a stopper protrusion 55b that prevents sliding against the guide receiver 56, as shown in Fig. 8. Meanwhile, the rear end of the guide receiver 56 is provided with a stopper recess 56b that can fit into the stopper protrusion 55b when the chemical filter box 53 is set in the correct set position.

[0035] Next, the operation of the emergency ventilation device 1 of this embodiment will be described.

[0036] When using the emergency ventilation device 1 of this embodiment, first, swing the flow rate adjusting plate 42 as needed and fix it at a desired angle. As a result, the narrower the opening area of ​​the inlet 22, the faster the flow rate of the outside air, and therefore the greater the centrifugal force acting on the dust in the outside air. Furthermore, the greater the centrifugal force, the more fine dust can be captured, improving the capture rate in the vortex generating unit 4. Therefore, even with a drive motor 32 with a low output, dust can be captured sufficiently and efficiently.

[0037] Next, the filter group 5 is set in the airtight chamber 2. Specifically, as shown in Figures 1, 3, and 5, the pre-filter 51, airtight packing 54, HEPA filter 52, and airtight packing 54 are stacked in this order above and downstream of the vortex generating unit 4, and then the chemical filter box 53 is placed on top of them.

[0038] 8(a), in this embodiment, after the sliding protrusions 55a of the slide guides 55 provided on both sides of the chemical filter box 53 are placed on the sliding surfaces of the guide receivers 56, the chemical filter box 53 is simply pushed in, and the bottom end face slides toward the back while maintaining a height position that does not contact the airtight packing 54. Therefore, the heavy chemical filter box 53 can be easily and quickly moved to the set position without damaging the airtight packing 54.

[0039] Thereafter, as shown in Fig. 8(b), the inclined surface of the sliding convex portion 55a slides down along the inclined surface of the fitting recess 56a, and as shown in Fig. 8(c), the sliding convex portion 55a fits into the fitting recess 56a, so that the lower end surface of the chemical filter box 53 descends to a height position where it comes into close contact with the airtight packing 54. This allows the chemical filter box 53 to be accurately set in the set position.

[0040] Furthermore, in this embodiment, when the chemical filter box 53 is slid to the set position, as shown in Fig. 8(c), the stopper convex portion 55b of the slide guide 55 fits into the stopper concave portion 56b of the guide receiver 56. Therefore, the chemical filter box 53 is accurately positioned at the set position and will not deviate from the set position even if an external force is applied.

[0041] Next, the turbo blower 31 is driven by the drive motor 32 that constitutes the suction means 3. As a result, the turbo blower 31 draws in outside air from the suction port 23 through the piping 23a and creates a negative pressure in the airtight chamber 2, so that outside air is drawn in from the emergency ventilation opening 24 via the inlet 22. Furthermore, by creating a negative pressure in the entire inflow path into the airtight chamber 2, it is possible to prevent the outside air from diffusing into the evacuation space before being filtered.

[0042] Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the normal ventilation outlet 25 is provided separately from the emergency ventilation outlet 24, the unused outlet can be visually distinguished by, for example, capping it, thereby preventing the mistaken execution of normal ventilation and emergency ventilation. When performing normal ventilation, the turbo blower 31 is driven with the emergency ventilation outlet 24 capped. As a result, outside air is sucked in through the normal ventilation outlet 25 and supplied from the outlet 31a of the turbo blower 31 into the evacuation space for ventilation.

[0043] When outside air is drawn into the airtight chamber 2, the inner circumferential surface 41 of the vortex generating unit 4 swirls the outside air at high speed, generating a vortex, as shown in Figure 6. This causes dust particles contained in the outside air to be separated by centrifugal force and fall along the inner circumferential surface 41, where they are captured in advance. This reduces the amount of dust filtered by the downstream filter group 5, making clogging less likely. This makes it suitable for situations where a large amount of dust has occurred or for ventilating a large evacuation space.

[0044] Furthermore, by generating a vortex in the outside air by the vortex generating unit 4, the outside air passes over the entire surface of the pre-filter 51 located downstream of the vortex generating unit 4. As a result, the dust particles contained in the outside air are dispersed and filtered evenly by the pre-filter 51 without concentrating in one place (near the center), which prevents the filter's removal performance from deteriorating and extends its lifespan.

[0045] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the surfaces of the vortex generating unit 4 and the flow velocity adjusting plate 42 made of resin material come into contact with the outside air, generating static electricity through contact with and friction with dust particles contained in the outside air. As a result, fine dust particles are attracted to and collected by the inner circumferential surface 41 and the flow velocity adjusting plate 42 due to the action of the static electricity, improving removal performance.

[0046] Then, in the filter group 5 located downstream of the vortex generating section 4, first, the pre-filter 51 removes relatively large dust particles contained in the outside air. Next, the HEPA filter 52 removes relatively small dust particles contained in the outside air. Furthermore, the chemical filter box 53 removes harmful components contained in the outside air. The distinctive functions of each of these filters properly remove dust particles and harmful components contained in the outside air, so that cleaned and harmless outside air is supplied to the evacuation space for ventilation.

[0047] In addition, this embodiment employs a chemical filter box 53 that uses an activated carbon filter, and the fine pores in the activated carbon adsorb odor molecules contained in the outside air. This not only purifies and neutralizes the outside air, but also has the effect of deodorizing it, making it possible to deodorize evacuation spaces where the odor has increased due to prolonged evacuation life or a large number of evacuees.

[0048] The emergency ventilation device 1 of this embodiment as described above provides the following effects. 1. It prevents the filter's removal performance from deteriorating, allowing the filter to last longer. 2. Dust and harmful substances contained in the outside air can be removed reliably. 3. The chemical filter box 53 can be set easily and quickly without damaging the airtight packing 54. 4. The chemical filter box 53 can be positioned in the correct setting position, preventing displacement. 5. Even a drive motor 32 with a small output can sufficiently and efficiently collect dust. 6. Static electricity can be generated in the vortex generating section 4 and the flow rate adjusting plate 42 to improve the performance of removing fine dust particles. 7. It is possible to prevent the mistaken execution of normal ventilation and emergency ventilation.

[0049] Next, specific examples of the emergency ventilation device 1 according to the present invention will be described. Note that the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the features shown by the following examples. [Example]

[0050] In this Example 1, an experiment was conducted to confirm the relationship between the flow rate of outside air flowing in from the inlet 22, the dust collection rate in the vortex generating section 4, and the particle diameter of the dust collected in the vortex generating section 4 in the emergency ventilation device 1 of this embodiment.

[0051] Specifically, in the emergency ventilation device 1 having an inner circumferential surface 41 with a diameter of 430 mm and an inlet 22 with a diameter of 90 mm, the flow velocity adjusting plate 42 is used to adjust the opening area of ​​the inlet 22 without adjustment (0.00636 m 2 ), 1 / 2(0.00318m 2 ), 1 / 3(0.00212m 2 ), 1 / 4 (0.00159m 2 ) and set to 4 types, and suction means 4 is used to 3 The outside air was allowed to flow in at a rate of / h. The inflow velocity of the outside air, the particle size of the dust collected in the vortex generating part 4, and the collection efficiency were measured for each opening area, and the results are shown in Figure 9.

[0052] As shown in FIG. 9, the opening area of ​​the inlet 22 is adjusted (0.00636 m 2 ), the flow velocity was 6.55 m / s, the particle diameter of the dust captured by the vortex generating part 4 was 32.7 μm, and the dust collection rate in the vortex generating part 4 was 70 to 90%. 2 ), the flow velocity increased to 13.1 m / s, the particle diameter of the dust captured by the vortex generating section 4 decreased to 23.1 μm, and the dust collection rate in the vortex generating section 4 improved to 80-95%.

[0053] In addition, the opening area is reduced to 1 / 3 (0.00318m 2 ), the flow velocity increased to 19.68 m / s, the particle size of the dust captured by the vortex generating part 4 decreased to 18.9 μm, and the dust collection rate in the vortex generating part 4 improved to over 90%. 2 ), the flow velocity became 26.23 m / s, the particle diameter of the dust captured by the vortex generating section 4 was reduced to 16.3 μm, and the dust capture rate in the vortex generating section 4 improved to over 95%.

[0054] According to the present Example 1 described above, it was shown that the dust collection rate in the vortex generating section 4 improves as the flow velocity of the outside air flowing in from the inlet 22 increases, and the particle diameter of the dust collected in the vortex generating section 4 becomes smaller as the flow velocity of the outside air flowing in from the inlet 22 increases.

[0055] The emergency ventilation device 1 according to the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be modified as appropriate.

[0056] For example, in the above-described embodiment, a configuration has been described in which only emergency ventilation outlet 24 is opened when performing emergency ventilation and only normal ventilation outlet 25 is opened when performing normal ventilation, but the present invention is not limited to this configuration. For example, when performing normal ventilation, both emergency ventilation outlet 24 and normal ventilation outlet 25 may be opened to ventilate and deodorize the evacuation space at the same time. [Explanation of symbols]

[0057] 1 Emergency ventilation system 11. Housing 12 Outer door 2. Airtight chamber 21 Inner door 22 Inlet 22a Piping 23 Suction port 23a Piping 24 Emergency ventilation 25 Normal ventilation opening 3 Suction means 31 Turbo Blower 31a Discharge port 32 Drive motor 33 Manual handle 4 Eddy current generation part 41 Inner surface 42 Flow velocity adjustment plate 5 Filters 51 Pre-filter 52 HEPA filter 53 Chemical filter box 54 Airtight packing 55 Slide guide 55a Sliding convex part 55b Stopper protrusion 56 Guide holder 56a Insertion recess 56b Stopper recess

Claims

1. An emergency ventilation device for ventilating an evacuation space in an emergency, an airtight chamber having airtightness; a suction means for drawing in outside air from an inlet provided at one end of the airtight chamber and discharging the outside air from a suction port provided at the other end of the airtight chamber; a vortex generating section provided at one end side of the airtight chamber and configured to generate a vortex in the outside air by an inner circumferential surface formed in an arc shape along the inflow direction of the inlet; a group of filters provided downstream of the vortex generating unit along a central axis of the arc constituting the inner circumferential surface, the filters passing the vortex-generated outside air through the filters to remove dust and harmful components; An emergency ventilation port connected to a pipe provided at the inlet and used for ventilation in an emergency; a normal time ventilation port that is connected to a pipe that connects the suction port and the suction means and is used for ventilation during normal times; It has The emergency ventilation device deodorizes the evacuation space while ventilating it by opening both the emergency ventilation opening and the normal ventilation opening when performing normal ventilation.

2. The inlet is provided on a side surface of a lower end of the airtight chamber, the suction port is provided on the top surface of the airtight chamber, The outside air sucked in from the inlet by the suction means is After the vortex generating section causes the water to swirl around a central axis in a substantially vertical direction to form a vortex, The air is sucked in substantially vertically upward, passes through the filter group, and is discharged from the suction port.

2. The emergency ventilation system of claim 1.

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